Landscape Architecture

L ANDSCAP  ANDSCAPE E ARCHITECTURE •Landscaping refers to any activity that modifies the visible features of an area of  land. •Landscape architecture is the design of  outdoor and public spaces to achieve environmental, socio-behavioural, and/or  aesthetic outcomes. •It involves the systematic investigation of  existing social, ecological, and geological conditions and processes in the landscape, and the design of  interventions that will produce the desired outcome.

B ASIC ELEMENTS •Rock, sand, and gravel. •Walls,fences,and paths. •Ponds waterfalls and bridges. •Decorative elements •Islands, hills and pavilions •Flora and fauna.

OF LANDSCAPE B ASIC PRINCIPLES OF

•First technique: Rocks and ponds are used to represent large-scale landscape. •Eg.rocks and trees in the foreground are larger and those in the background, giving the illusion of distance.

•Second technique: is HIDE  AND REVEAL, such that not everything can be seen at once. For eg. Use of fence, vegetation v egetation and structure are employed to block long range views.

•Third technique: is borrowed scenery in which mountains and buildings are incorporated into design of the garden. •Asymmetry Asymmetry:: In this no single component is dominant dominant.. If there is a focal point it should be off  centre. •Though inspired by nature, its an interpretation rather than a copy, it should appear to be natural, its not wild. •Primary challenge to the design is to bring out the intrinsic nature of a landscape scene in such a way that is beautiful in all seasons of  the year ye ar.. •Decorative elements or artifacts add a human touch to the nature.

•The term so soft ft landsc landscap ape e is used by practitioners of landscape architecture and garden design to describe the vegetative materials which are used to improve a landscape by design.

•The corresponding term hard landscape is used to describe construction materials.

• The range of soft landscape materials includes each layer of  the ecological sequence: sequence: aquatic plants, semi-aquatic plants, field layer plants (including grasses and herbaceous plants) shrubs and trees.

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES  ARCHITECT:: Renzo Piano  ARCHITECT LOCATION: an Fransisco,California,USA Features •Mounds of earth situated on the top of the main building having fixed motorized circular  glass panels for ventilation and skylight . •Sustainable structure at a grand scale with a green covered roof top of 2.5 acres. •Green cover captures cover captures rainwater, insulates the building and is a habitat for various insect species. •Roof looks like a piece of natural topography topography,, resembling a green blanket spread on a collection of spheres. • Aims  Aims to be greenest museum on earth.

•PURPOSE OF THE STRUCTURE: Conservation of various endangered endangere d and rainwater species. •Preservation of various biological species is not only done in the inside but also on the exterior  exterior living living roof. •The overhead oceanarium allows diffused light to enter through it thus lighting the interior. •Gradual transition of green spaces from inside the museum to the outside landscape. CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUE OF THE MOUNDS •Recycled denim cloth has been used on a metallic frame in shape of a mound to retain moisture for the soil. •It also acts as an insulating material.

FOLIAGE TREATMENT • Appropriate  Appropriate selection of  plantation has been done in various areas of the building. •Those parts where certain views of the building are important trees with smaller heights are planted thus there is no hinderance in the view. •Taller trees are used in areas where views are to be blocked.

Detailed section through rain forest

Sectional elevation through planetarium and museum

The screen is intelligently placed under the skylights so that the reflections formed on it, are ever changing at all times of the day. Thus creating an element of interest.

•Fountains in three circular  roundabouts are placed along an axis which are in perfect harmony with the three roof top mounds.

•The building doesn't stand out itself, instead it stimulates the feeling of  emerging out as a part of the landscape.

CANADIAN MUSEUM OF CIVILIZATION

Dougla glas s Car Cardin dinal al  ARCHITECT--Dou  ARCHITECT Located on a public terrace roof top. •Landscape style- Japanese Zen Garden Features •extensive gravel raked garden • A  A dry waterfall using sand • A  A stone bridge.

• All  All materials used in this garden are locally available and were selected in the hills surrounding the region. •Hence, the created landscape is not a sudden deviant from the surrounding landscape.

•Stepping stones have been carefully placed in a way that they resemble rocks placed along and midst of a stream. •The placement of stones is done in a curved way,which gives a sense of direction towards the museum and gives a fluid feel to t o the landscape.

A.Section through the main garden •Tree species-cornifers and apricot tress

B.Section through back garden •Garden at different levels • As  As the surrounding region is hilly,mounds are constructed to be in sync with the existing landscape.

C.Section through main and back garden. •Decorative japanese lanterns made of stone to lite up the place at night.

•D.Section through main garden. •Dry waterfall made from sand in a series of curved steps made from locally available rocks.

CRITICAL ANALYSIS •The landscape has been done in a way that the form,texture,and,colour of the building is in complete harmony with those of sand. •The sand and gravel has to be regularly raked to maintain the texture resembling stream water. •In areas having water shortage this kind of  landscaping can bring the effects of a waterbody.

SOCIO BEHAVIOURAL FACTORS •The dry stream wraps around the area and appears to flow through the windows of the museum. •This symbolizes the infusion of Japanese culture in Canadian culture.

LEONARDO GLASS CUBE

LOCATION :Bad Driburg.Germany CONCEPT: Integrative concept that combines architecture, interior design, graphic design and landscape architecture into a complete aesthetic entity.

•In the landscape area there is a virtua tuall ele elemen ments ts(the overlapping of vir white organic linkages ”Genetics”) over the real element which is the building in this case.

•The façade of the building looks tied down from the genetics continuing from the ground and engulfing the whole structure.

White genetics sculptures are also included in the white interior space,which gives a feeling of  landscape moving into the interior spaces.

The undulated curved wall encases an introvert exhibition space while the circumscribing wall overlooks the green spaces.

• White plaster boards are used to form organic structures called genesis.

•The texture of the finely trimmed grass,and the plain glass merge with each very well,and the white part gives a contrast to the structure

•A subtle puzzle is formed on the ground which extends like a web onto the building.

•Instead of giving a separate waterbody, two pools have been incorporated in the vacuoles of  the web.

•The structure is extrovert ,modern in its approach and at some instances it gives a feeling of belonging to the outer world, creating a completely different atmosphere.

•The design is not sus sustai tainab nable le, and very expensive, however ample amount of natural is allowed and is well ventilated.

R AND SIE,GREEN LABS,P LABS,PARIS ARIS

•This a two storeyed research building having a living wall in its backyard.

•The living wall mainly solves the purpose of  supporting green ferns, and various species of plants for research. •Glass doors dominantly used to give the feeling of working within a natural green space.

Instead of planting ferns on the ground,they are planted on the wall hence having an easy access from upper  floors reducing the ground coverage.

Special glass beakers are attached to the green foliage for  cultivating bacteria. The architect however  did not choose to go for  the conventional cylindrical shape, shape, and moulded them in a way such that bubble wrap texture is formed. •This texture reflects the sunlight and illuminates significant part of the wall wall.. •The glass beakers appear like a cluster  of lanterns in the daylight.

•The landscaping on the ground is done in a way so that the t he effect untended ferns of the wall is continued on the ground which forms a unified entity.

•The grass in the ground is interspersed with white stone circular tiles, which brings the same rhythmatic effect of white glass beakers on the green wall.

CRITICAL

ANALYSIS

•The living wall merges well with the neighboring trees and extends a part of it on to the t he building. • As  As ferns are planted on a vertical wall, it saves a lot of space. Sustainable design, cost effective. effective.

• A  A part of the wall covered with plant species and attached with glass beakers. •This kind of setup cannot be used for residential as can attract unwanted insects. •Roof should be regularly maintained and checked for  leakages

LOYOLA LAW SCHOOL,LOS ANGELES,CALIFORN ANGELES,CALIFORNIA IA

ARCHITECT: Frank O. Gehry and Associates APPROACH: APPROA CH: Architect wanted it to look undersigned .

•Contains variety of hard landscaping consisting of styles derived from:  Acropolis, Athens ,Greece Japanese dry gardens Paintings done by artists.

•Opposes the idea of common lawn, outdoor areas are merely leftover.

•Fragmentation of campus areas TO CREATE A LANDSCAPE.

•Interlocking spaces are produced with each space animated with views different from the other.

•The design has opposed the convention of creating landscape  just on the the ground, the landscaping is done on the façade as well.

•Architectural elements have been treated as landscape.

•Landscape features have a scale which is comparable to small neighboring buildings.

•Sloping grass is outlined by series of  stepped concrete,resembing the form of a pyramid, this also results in layering of a green space.

•Building variety is observed and each building is different entity, enhancing the strong impact of the landscape as a whole.

•The long flat elevation of the burns building seems to mirror as well as fold up the horizontal ground which has the same color and texture. texture.

•The white pathway gives a focus to the building, and circular pillars, give a reflection of royal acropolis in elevation.

•Por Porches, ches, balconies ,courthou ,courthouse, se, landings disengaged from the building building and steps act as an intermediate between the interior and the exterior.

•Even if this design has an identity of its own it can be well incorporated in a campus but one has to careful while placing such design in an open urban setting

HOSPITAL AL VENETO EYE HOSPIT

LOCATION : Venice  ARCHITECT:: Emilio Ambasz  ARCHITECT • A  A pleasing landscape is an important aspect for recovery for  recovery and rejuvenation of patients in a Hospital. •The building is surrounded by lush green garden offering calming vistas to the patients •The inclined wall on the façade while letting in ample amount of sunlight and exterior views, acts as an intermediate between the interior  and exterior, exterior, reduces noise considerably from an adjoining railway track. •Underground parking eliminates the views of the cars to ensure continuous green surface throughout.

•The site is a plain agricultural land and there are no significant geographical or man made features on the site. •Tr Triangular iangular shaped building is defined by two 12 meter walls meter walls of  trapezoidal shape, shape, clad in prestained copper, at right angles to each other.

 As the site is devoid of any significant hindarances,the hindarances ,the walls have a considerable impact due to their hieght,but the green color merges perfectly with the surrounding landscape.

•The two edges of the walls seem to touch each other forming an imposing gateway, always giving a feel of being a restricted area from the outside. outside.

•Site plan of the hospital showing the triangular shape of the site. •Overhanging green terraces have been give in the south west side to protect rooms from harsh sunlight. sunlight. •Greenery helps to reduce or limit the sources of stress, stress , therefore flowering shrubs have been used abundantly in the lawn while on the upper floors non allergic plants have been used.

•Section showing the backside of  building having green terraces on every floor.

•The entrance lobby and the reception area are spaces covered in greenery. •In this way, when visitors enter they are plunged into the terrain terrain,, to emerge inside a large, entrance hall covered by an oblique glass façade and enhanced by a winter garden.

•The experience of walking in a such space is soothing as it doesn’t not give the feeling of being engulfed by a solid mass. •The glass façade giving the views of the sky and a foliage along pathways brings one close to the nature.

NATIONAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR METALS,SCIENCE MET ALS,SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY.. TECHNOLOGY

CONCEPT OF THE INSTITUTE : Purity, blankness, pristine environment.

•As scientists here needed a pure mind to perform,the landscape had to be a place where a symbol of  purity existed.

•The work of a researcher is often a solitary battle.

•The plaza had to be made into a place where isolated and solitary researchers would be rejuvenated .

•The large stones placed represent human forms, and are constantly washed by rain and wind in the same way man’s spirit is also bleached and purified by harsh circumstances.

•In certain certain areas rectan rectangular gular stone stone tiles are placed in a linear direction to give focus to the main building.

•Irregularl Irregularly y cut tiles placed in a fluid form reduce the impact of rectangular tiles creating harmony in the setting.

•Small brown brown pebbles are placed in a curved way to resemble a flowing stream, which also create a natural environment.

•The building white in color gives a sense of being a part of the landscape and emerging out from it.

Chiselled rocks give an idea of a rugged landscape and contrast sharply with the symmetri symmetrical cal paving.

Mist covers the placed rocks which renders purity to the settings. The base of the rocks have irregular cut tiles symbolizing the mass of the stones.

Dynamically shaped rock sculpted and chiselled chiselled treated treated as a work of art.

Rocks placed at different position near the pebble stream.

PENINSULA SQUARE, GREENWICH

Location: Greenwich, London Urban square Focal point O2 building around which contemporary landscaping has been done. Sweeping canopy forms a gateway to the O2 •Entertainment arena and exhibition area •It includes vibrant public spaces to animate the area. •Sustainable building and landscape design • An  An educational element through through references to longitude,latitude,time and navigation 110 feet long living wall •Granite pavements •Computer controlled lighting and water features create an element of interest •Stainless steel sculpture is the central focal f ocal point

Granite pavement pavement is decorated with with lights and concentric patterns, reflecting both the curvature of dome structure and the Greenwich meridian line The concentric circle have fountains shooting up to great heights

The Japanese garden in the hotel is inspired by SETONAIKAI AREA in japan, where Imabari is located.

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Water is the motif of the main garden

Simplicity is the basis for inner tea garden

 White sand implies the sea and granite rocks represent islands in the sea.

 Impressive stillness in landscape.

Garden overlook from upper level Garden in front of Lounge

By contrast, running water represents dynamic element.

It is the Genius of the architect, who has choosen to use the same stone but in the finished form in the sitting as found in the surrounding waterfall.

Entrance to the tea house

Around the tea house

View from Japanese Restaurant View to the tea-house from Japanese style annex building

OLYMPIC VILLAGE •Olympic Village at the southeast corner of  False Creek in Vancouver  •environmentallyenvironmentally-friendly friendly developments •The roofs of at least half of the 22 buildings on the site have been lushly carpeted with heattolerant green sedums.

• A  A living green roof has been provided to absorb heat in summer  •In the middle of the roofs tracks made for athletes. •garden spaces with raised concrete beds for growing herbs and vegetables.

•Eye-catching is stylish black-on-black scheme, off Athletes Way, Way, featuring feat uring a dense grove of black-stemmed bamboo, densely under planted with black mondo grass. • evergreen shrubs such as yew, camellia, sarcococca and boxwood already add a lush green ambience to the site.

•tool sheds, potting tables, cold frames and stylish metal bins are also used as landscaping elements. •all the plant material specifically chosen to be drought tolerant and require minimal maintenance.

•Planting schemes throughout the site have been kept simple and elegant with extensive use of ferns •Ferns and shrubs of  those species are planted which are maintenance free.

•Large Stone Block Steps into the Water  Rhythmic and creating an element of interest Right angle stone work

PERSHING SQUARE, LOS ANGELES

LEGORRETTA ARCHITECTS

Plan of the pershing square

•Sphere of tower is echoed by those scattered about the square hence giving a harmony in the landscape. •The scent of orange blossoms wafts through the square, calling passer by’s into the center and offering them a place to sit and view the whole.

•The circular fountain, water falls from the aqueduct to refresh the air. •Hard landscaping mainly used. •Gravels along the water bodytexture effect •Orange tree shades benches for  passer by to stop and rest.

•The color of the path way is in contrast while the shape is in harmony to the bell tower. •Tw Two o spheres at the t he entrance of the pool signify movement and dynamism and are the most dominant feature of the whole setup.

•Entrances on four corners and concentrated vegetation around the edges (to isolate pershing square from its noisy surroundings) •Hard landscaping mainly used. •The building has an impact of its own, and stands out having its own character  in the urban setting.

•Sphere frame the bench running around the fountain. •During the day creates interesting surface shadows.

•The bell tower-the suspended spheres used as landscape element,as a metaphor for a bell. •Color is used to highlight the contrast between the tower and restaurant

LIVING WALL • A  A living wall is a vertical arrangement of plants and other organisms that naturally removes toxins and unhealthy contaminants from the air that we breathe. •Living walls can be complete ecosystems or  simpler configurations of plants that thrive in and help to decontaminate urban environments. •It is composed of two layers of synthetic felt, with a total thickness of about one centimeter centimeter,, it is stapled onto a panel of PVC foam, then hooked onto aluminum or steel frames to anchor it to t o wall on building.

WONDERWALL Wonder wall is a vertical garden wall patented by Patric Blanc. Layers of different materials in the wall are: •Steel construction with its own foundation in the first layer. •Second layer is the physical separation of the wall between inside and outside. •Third layer is attached to the steel construction is the growing wall made of metal,plastic,and small buckets. •Every plant grows in its own bucket, in the wall there is a integrated rainwater  and feeding system.

Sport plaza Mercator 

SPORTS PLAZA, MERCA MERCATOR,AMSTERDAM TOR,AMSTERDAM

 Ann Demeulemeester shop,Seoul,south Korea  ARCHITECT RCHITECT:: Mass Studies •The project's facade is made from a geo-textile planted with herbaceous perennials to form a living wall. • The greenery is carried into the shop, incorporating nature whenever  possible. •Glass is abundantly used in the façade to decrease the visual mass.

The green wall is continued on the interior surface. This giving a feeling of walking through a green mountain valley.

The white staircase gives in contrast to the green walls, and gives a visual focus to the ceiling .

The cut out in the ceiling lets in natural light at the same time giving a view of a part of the façade.

•This proposal is an attempt to incorporate as much nature as possible into the building within the constraints of a low-elevation, highdensity urban environment The building defines its relationship defines its •The buildingbetween natural/artificial and relationship between interior/exterior natural/artificial natural/artif icial as andan amalgamation interior/exterior as an amalgamation •Building is not meant to be just another  ‘object’ but‘object’ buildingtois be notexperienced meant to beexternally, just another rather as a synthesis of naturebut and a as a to be experienced externally, rather sculpture. synthesis of nature and a sculpture •The Thetextured texturedpavement pavementand andthe theadjoining living adjoining walls givefeel an illusionistic walls giveliving an illusionistic of being both in feel interior of being both in the at interior and instant. the interio r and exterior exterior the same exterior at the same instant.

Entrance

Location: Sheffield Project Team: Sheffield City Council; Master plann planner er - Gille Gillespie' spie's; s;

•Cleverly designed stairways which are spread in all directions

•Neon light specially used to highlight the seating places at night

•stunning entrance to the city centre. •The centrepiece and most complex element of the works the main water feature, a series of cascading pools •contemporary-style public space

• the form is Dynamic and gives a sense of direction to the visitors and common public •water features, art installations and seating areas along with new road create an element of interest and refreshment

•water cascades display a high level of craftsmanship

•The Gold Route takes visitors from Station Square to the University of  Sheffield Campus via landmarks such as the City Hall and the Devonshire Quarter  • All  All spaces along the route have been designed designed to be fully accessible, keeping in mind children and older  people •the whole Square is a clever display of  memory of Sheffield’s industrial past •the giant sculpture with flowing water  through it represents steel pouring from a furnace

•focus for the square is a water cascade and sculpture of Sheffield steel

•modern seating platforms under lit with blue neon lights makes it a really exciting place in the evening

•dramatic cascade of water water,, which uses noise and light to give the plaza an exciting atmosphere

HOTEL KOHJIMACHI KAIKAN

THE LANDSCAPING ON THE WHOLE GIVES A SUBLIME EFFECT OF NATURE

A view view of the landscaping

•Hotel kohjimachi kaikan,in chiyoda,Tokyo •Harsh environment thus landscaping brings a sense of peace •Laid out terraces provide a natural atmosphere for relaxation and revitalization to the guests •Landscaping feature: Japanese garden made with modern understanding •Rock arrangement Kohetuji-style bamboo fence

•Waterfall garden •Peaceful refreshing musical sound of  running water  •Wate Waterfall rfall gardens totally separate the viewer from urban environment •Bamboo fence hiding adjacent building •This shows Intelligent selection of material first floor waterfall garden for Plan landscaping

Flowing water is symbolized through use of gravel in two gardens where veiwer can imagine running water  •Landscaping evokes a sense of harmonic marriage of water and plants •Layering of tree branches and composition of  rocks further imply endless extension of space •Natural and man made objects create an interesting experience for the visitor  •Landscape unites people with nature

Dry waterfall at fourth floor