Laboratorio Virtual 1

 

Wmkvgrskaia Mibknmi` ag Kmhgmkgrêi Oibu`tia ag Kmhgmkgrêi Yuêjkbi Okskbnquêjkbi 5

 @ienritnrkn _krtui` 9

 Kmtghrimtg4

•  Er. Ogrmiman Dnsë Oirkùis Hiktém   Anbgmtg4

•  Divkgr Imtnmkn Vivòm Hiktém  Hrupn4

•  2J5-KY.

Jimihui, 26 ag ihnstn ag 5659 

 

Wmkvgrskaia Mibknmi` ag Kmhgmkgrêi Oibu`tia ag Kmhgmkgrêi Yuêjkbi Okskbnquêjkbi 5

HWKI AG @IENUIQNUKN M  9  

 Jnmtidg ag ag Bg`ais Bg`ais G`gbtrnquêjkbis. G`gbtrnquêjkbis. _krtui` _krtui`  K. KMQUNAWBBKNM

G` nedgtkvn prkmbkpi` ag `i g`gbtrnquêjkbi jnagrmi gs g s gstuakir g` bnjpnrtijkgmtn y `is rgibbknmgs ag `ns knmgs gm akvgrsns a kvgrsns ijekgmtgs. @i kmonrjibkòm netgmkai tkgmg ip`kbibknmgs kjpnrtimtgss gm hrim virkgaia ag prnbgsns qug kmb`uygm pk`is ag pntgmbki, bg`ais ag kjpnrtimtg bnjeustkòm, bnjeustk òm, bité`ksks, bnrrnskòm y g` oumbknmijkgmtn ag jgjerimis ekn`òhkbis. Mn nestimtg, g` bnmnbkjkgmtn ag `i g`gbtrnquêjkbi gm gquk`kerkn skgmti skgmti `is eisgs piri `i bnjprgmskòmm ag prnbgsns ag mn gquk`kerkn y tkgmg jubcis ip`kbibknmgs kjpnrtimt bnjprgmskò kjpnrtimtgs. gs. Gsti prébtkbi ag `ienritnrkn prgtgmag agjnstrir bnjn g` pntgmbki` gstémair pgrjktg prgagbkr `i gspnmtimgkaia ag umi rgibbkòm quêjkbi. Gm `i prkjgri pirtg ag `i prébtkbi sg pnaré nesgrvir qug rgibbkòm quêjkbi mn tkgmg `uhir gm i`humns tuens ag gmsiyn agekan i akogrgmtgs pntgmbki`gs pntgmbki`gs ag jgti`gs kmvn`ubrians. Gm `i sghumai pirtg ag `i gxpgrkjgmtibkòm, `ns gstuakimtgs tgmarém `i pnskek`kaia ag jgakr `ns pntgmbki`gs ag i`humis bg`ais g`gbtrnquêjkbis g`gbtrnquêjkb is y isê agtgrjkmir, bué` ag gstns tkgmg jiynr pntgmbki` piri nxkairsg jkgmtris qug g` ntrn jgti` suorkrêi `i rgaubbkòm. KK. NEDGQK_N

- Agtgrjkmir i trivës ag` vi`nr ag pntgmbki` gstémair sk `ns skstgjis gm gstuakn rgibbknmirim n mn supnmkgma supnmkgmann bnmakbknmgs gstémair, kagmtkokbiman tgòrkbijgmtg `ns prnaubtns qug cim ag netgmgrsg, jgakimtg umi skju`ibkòm ag bg`ais g`gbtrnquêjkbis. g `gbtrnquêjkbis. KKK. JIQGUKI@GR [ GYWKVNR Bg`ai g`gbtrnquêjkbi vkrtui`9.

K_. VUNBGAKJKGMQN

9. Gmtrg i `i ibtkvkaia i btkvkaia prnhr prnhrijiai ijiai @IE9 (Ugpnskbkòm) ag `i V`itionrji G_I-WMK. G_I -WMK. [ véyisg i` `kml Bg`ai G`gbtrnquêjkbi, gstn `n akrgbbknmiré i umi skju`ibkòm ag bg`ais g`gbtrnquêjkbis g`gbtrnquêjkb is (Egrtrima, 5656). @i skju`ibkòm gs skjk`ir i` skstgji jnstrian gm `i okhuri 9.

 

Wmkvgrskaia Mibknmi` ag Kmhgmkgrêi Oibu`tia ag Kmhgmkgrêi Yuêjkbi Okskbnquêjkbi 5

Okhuri 9. Jnmtidg gxpgrkjgmti` ag umi bg`ai g`gbtrnquêjkbi 

5. Gm `i vgmtimi ag` skju`ianr ciy 5 bn`ujmis4 kzqukgrai y agrgbci, biai umi ag `is bui`gs tkgmgm4 g`gbtrnans, sn`ubknmgs sn`ubknmgs g`gbtrn`êtkbis y bnmbgmtribknmgs jn`irgs. @ns vi`nrgs vi `nrgs ag ëstns sg pugagm idustir sghôm sg agsgi gm `is bisk``is bnrrgspnmakgmtgs. 2. Gm `i gsqukmi kmogrknr agrgbci, sg`gbbknmg g` mkvg` 6 (`gvg`) 6. @i bnmbgmtribkòm jn`ir ageg sgr `i gstémair. 1. Onrjg um pir rganx tgmkgman gm bugmti qug g` g`gbtrnan g` gbtrnan ageg gstir sujgrhkan gm umi sn`ubkòm ag` jksjn jgti`. Vnr gdgjp`n4 g` g`gbtrnan ag p`njn ageg ag gstir sujgrhkan gm mktritn ag p`njn, su`oitn ag p`njn n skjk`ir4 VeVe5+ (9J)Bu5+(9J)Bu. G` g`gbtrnan gstémair ag ckaròhgmn ageg sgr g` émnan. Rk mn uekbi bnrrgbtijgmtg g` émnan n g` bétnan gm `is bg`ais, g` vi`nr ag` pntgmbki` sgré kmbnrrgbtn. Viri g``n ustga ageg usir `ns pntgmbki`gs gstémairgs ag rgaubbkòm yi gstie`gbkans, uekbiman g` émnan y g` bétnan gm aòmag bnrrgspnmaii sghôm `i agokmkbkòm tgòrkbi y `i mnjgmb`ituri gstémair. bnrrgspnma B`kbl gm ‐Jgisurg Bg`` _n`tihg‚ piri gstkjir g` pntgmbki` gstémair  gstéma ir  ag  ag `i bg`ai.

Ugpkti g` jksjn prnbgakjkgmtn cisti onrjir mugvg pirgs p irgs rganx n bg`ais bg `ais g`gbtrnquêjkbis akstkmtns. akstkmt ns. Qieu`g `ns rgsu`tians. 8. Rg`gbbknmg g` mkvg` 9 (`gvg` 9) y gstkjg g` pntgmbki` gstie`gbkan pnr agogbtn gm `i skju`ibkòm. Gjp`giman piri g``n `is bnmbgmtribknmgs aiais gm `i tie`i 94

 

Wmkvgrskaia Mibknmi` ag Kmhgmkgrêi Oibu`tia ag Kmhgmkgrêi Yuêjkbi Okskbnquêjkbi 5

Bn`ujmi kzqukgrai Bn`ujmi agrgbci Bn`ujmi kzqukgrai Bn`ujmi agrgbci \jn`/@Z

\jn`/@Z

\jn`/@Z

5.666 5.666

9.766

9.666

6.766

9.766

\jn`/@Z 5.666

6.9

9.766

6.766

6.766

6.966

6.966

6.696

6.696

6.669

6.669

6.6669

6.6669

5.666

5.666

9.766

9.766

6.766

6.766

6.966

6.69

6.966

6.696

6.696

6.669

6.669

6.6669

6.6669

5.666

5.666

9.766

9.766

6.766

6.766

6.966

6.669

6.966

6.696

6.696

6.669

6.669

6.6669

6.6669

5.666

5.666

9.766

9.766

6.766

6.766

6.966

6.6669

6.966

6.696

6.696

6.669

6.669

6.6669

6.6669

 

Wmkvgrskaia Mibknmi` ag Kmhgmkgrêi Oibu`tia ag Kmhgmkgrêi Yuêjkbi Okskbnquêjkbi 5 Qie`i 9. Bnmbgmtribknmgs jn`irgs mn gstémairgs ag bg`ais g`gbtrnquêjkbis  prnpugstis.  prnpugsti s.

9.  9.  Rg`gbbknmg g` mkvg` 5 (`gvg` 5) y agtgrjkmg g` pntgmbki` gstémair ag rgaubbkòm piri g`  pir rganx gstie`gbkan gstie`gbkan pnr agogbtn agogbtn.. 5.  5.  Rg`gbbknmgs g` mkvg` 2 (`gvg` 2) y bnmstruyi bg`ais bnm `is skhukgmtgs G¶:6.975_, 9.?68_, 2.9?;_, 5.86;_, 6.?28_, 6.1?7_, 6.2?9_, 9.569_, 6.1?6_, 5.511_< jimkpu`imann `ns g`gbtrnans y sn`ubknmgs g`gbtrn`êtkbis aiais gm gsg mkvg`. Qieu`g `ns jimkpu`ima rgsu`tians. 2.  2.  Rg`gbbknmgs g` mkvg` 1 (`gvg` 1) y gstkjg g` pntgmbki` ag bg`ai gstie`gbkan pnr agogbtn. Imntg g` rgsu`tian. 1.  1.  Rg`gbbknmg g` mkvg` 7 (`gvg` 7) y cihi um irrgh`n gm nragm agbrgbkgmtg ag `i ibtkvkaia g`gbtrnquêjkbi ag `ns g`gbtrnans, sghôm `ns qug gstëm akspnmke`gs. Viri g``n  prkjgrijgmtg ageg cibgr jnmtidg agbnjekmibknmgs bg bg`ais `ais i bnmakbknmgs gstémairgs y agspuës b`iskokbir`ns. b`iskokbir`n s. Ugbugrag qugg`ciy jubcis pnske`gs. 7.  7.  Rg`gbbknmg g` mkvg` ? (@gvg` ?) y gstkjg g` bngokbkgmtg ag ibtkvkaia piri `i sn`ubkòm ibunsi kmakbiai y `ns g`gbtrnans akspnmke`gs. Vir rganx

Bg`` _n`tihg

Tm|Tm5+ || Og5+|Og

6.255 _

Jh|Jh5+||Bu5+|Bu

5.868 _

Mk|Mk5+||Ih+|Ih

9.627 _

Ba|Ba5+||Ve5+|Ve

6.5?5 _

C5|C+||Ih+|Ih

6.83? _

Ve|Ve5+||Bu5+|Bu

6.136 _

Mk|Mk5+||Ve5+|Ve

6.968 _

C5|C+||Bu5+|Bu

6.228 _

5+

5+

Og|Og ||Mk |Mk

6.9;9 _

 

Wmkvgrskaia Mibknmi` ag Kmhgmkgrêi Oibu`tia ag Kmhgmkgrêi Yuêjkbi Okskbnquêjkbi 5

@v` 9 Tm|Tm5+||Og5+|Og Bn`ujmi kzqukgrai \jn`/@Z

5

9.7

9

6.7

6.9

6.69

Bn`ujmi agrgbci \jn`/@Z 5 9.7 6.7 6.9 6.69 6.669 6.6669 5 9.7 6.7

Vntgmbki`

6.9 6.69 6.669 6.6669 5 9.7 6.7 6.9 6.69 6.669 6.6669 5

6.531 _ 6.57; _ 6.525 _ 6.562 _ 6.223 _ 6.229 _ 6.295 _ 6.5;2 _ 6.5?3 _ 6.516 _ 6.595 _ 6.21; _

9.7 6.7 6.9 6.69 6.669 6.6669 5 9.7 6.7 6.9 6.69 6.669 6.6669 5

6.215 6.255 _ _ 6.262 _ 6.583 _ 6.579 _ 6.552 _ 6.2?3 _ 6.2?9 _ 6.215 _ 6.252 _ 6.5;3 _ 6.589 _ 6.515 _ 6.2;2 _

6.252 _ 6.297 _ 6.5;? _ 6.588 _ 6.575 _ 6.557 _ 6.9;? _ 6.226 _ 6.252 _ 6.262 _

 

Wmkvgrskaia Mibknmi` ag Kmhgmkgrêi Oibu`tia ag Kmhgmkgrêi Yuêjkbi Okskbnquêjkbi 5

6.669

6.6669

@v` 5 Xa|Xa5+||Bu5+|Bu

6.785 _ : 6.22; _  ‒  S  S S : -6.522 _ G˔Xa : -6.522 _

9.7 6.7 6.9 6.69 6.669

6.23? _ 6.2?8 _ 6.213 _ 6.252 _ 6.5;? _

6.6669 5 9.7 6.7 6.9 6.69 6.669 6.6669 5 9.7 6.7 6.9

6.5?8 _ 6.159 _ 6.192 _ 6.2;1 _ 6.287 _ 6.276 _ 6.252 _ 6.5;1 _ 6.11; _ 6.115 _ 6.152 _ 6.161 _

6.69 6.669 6.6669

6.28; 6.275 _ _ 6.252 _

 

Wmkvgrskaia Mibknmi` ag Kmhgmkgrêi Oibu`tia ag Kmhgmkgrêi Yuêjkbi Okskbnquêjkbi 5

@v` 2 G6

Bg`ais

6.975 _

Ba|Ba 5+||Mk5+|Mk

9.?68 _

Jh|Jh5+||Tm5+|Tm

2.9?; _

Jh|Jh5+||Ih+|Ih

5.86; _

Jh|Jh5+||Bu5+|Bu

6.?28 _

Tm|Tm5+||Ve5+|Ve

6.1?7 _

Ve|Ve5+||Bu5+|Bu

6.2?9 _

Tm|Tm5+||Ba 5+|Ba

9.569 _

Ba|Ba 5+||Ih+|Ih

6.1?6 _

Bu|Bu5+||Ih+|Ih

5.511 _

Jh|Jh5+||Ve5+|Ve

@v` 1 Jh|Jh5+(9 J) ||Ve5+(6.69 J) |Ve

 ↕ +  5   +  5 ↕      + ↕  +    

G6: 5.511 _ +

 : 5.511 5.511  ∕ 6.67;9    \+ Z  5 \ Z  : 5.937   @v` 7

 =  =  =  =  

 

Wmkvgrskaia Mibknmi` ag Kmhgmkgrêi Oibu`tia ag Kmhgmkgrêi Yuêjkbi Okskbnquêjkbi 5

Bugstknmirkn 9.   Ugsujkr gm umi umi tie`i `ns `ns rgsu`tians rgsu`tians gxpgrkjgmti`gs gxpgrkjgmti`gs netgmkan netgmkanss gm g` kmbksn kmbksn 3, gsbrkeiki`gs `is rgibbknmgs  pntgmb  pntgmbki`gs gstémairgs. gstémairgs.y `i mnjgmb`ituri ag tnais `is bg`ais, isê bnjn `ns

Mnjgmb`ituri

Ugibbknmgs

Vntgmbki`

Tm|Tm5+ || Og5+|Og

   + ↕  +    

6.255 _

Jh|Jh5+||Bu5+|Bu

  + ↕  +   

5.868 _

Mk|Mk5+||Ih+|Ih

  5+ ↕  +  5 

9.627 _

5+

+

5+

Ba|Ba ||Ve |Ve

+

  

6.5?5 _

C5|C+||Ih+|Ih

  5 5 + ↕ 5 +  5 

6.83? _

Ve|Ve5+||Bu5+|Bu

   + ↕  +    

6.136 _

Mk|Mk5+||Ve5+|Ve

  + ↕  +   

6.968 _

C5|C+||Bu5+|Bu

   + ↕ 5 +   

6.228 _

Og|Og5+||Mk5+|Mk

  + ↕  +    

6.9;9 _

  

↕ 

 

Wmkvgrskaia Mibknmi` ag Kmhgmkgrêi Oibu`tia ag Kmhgmkgrêi Yuêjkbi Okskbnquêjkbi 5

 5.  Qieu`g y hriokqug `i bnmbgmtribkòm jn`ir vs pntgmbki` ag bg`ai ag` kmbksn ;,  buiman `i `i bnmbgmtribkòm bnmbgmtribkòm ag ag `i bn`ujmi kzqukgrai kzqukgrai gs gs 6.669J. Gsbrkei Gsbrkei `i  mnjgmb`ituri  mnjgmb`it uri ag bg`ai. bg`ai.

Tm|Tm5+||Og5+|Og Bn`ujmi agrgbci

Bn`ujmi kzqukgrai \jn`/@Z

Vntgmbki` 

\jn`/@Z

6.669

5

6.159 _

9.7

6.192 _

6.7

6.2;1 _

6.9

6.287 _

6.69

6.276 _

6.669

6.252 _

6.6669

6.5;1 _

6.12 6.19 6.2;    i     a     ` 6.28    g    b    g 6.27     a     `    i    k    b 6.22    m    g    t    n 6.29    p

6.5; 6.58 6.57 6

6.7

9 bnmbgmtribkòm jn`ir9.7

5

 

Wmkvgrskaia Mibknmi` ag Kmhgmkgrêi Oibu`tia ag Kmhgmkgrêi Yuêjkbi Okskbnquêjkbi 5

2. 2.    Gsbrkei `i `i sgjkrrgibbkòm, sgjkrrgibbkòm, mnjgmb`ituri mnjgmb`ituri y pntgmbk pntgmbki` i` gstémair ag rgaubbkòm rgaubbkòm ag` kmbksn 96.  1. 1.    Gsbrkei `is `is rgibbknmgs rgibbknmgs y `i `i mnjgmb`ituri mnjgmb`ituri ag` kmbksn kmbksn 99 dumtn i` pntgmbk pntgmbki` i` ag bg`ai gm umi tie`i. Gjp`gg `i gbuibkòm ag Mgrmst piri bnrrnenrir `ns rgsu`tians.  

G6

Mgrmst

Bg`ais

rgibbknmgs

6.975 _

6.975 _

Ba|Ba5+||Mk5+|Mk

   + ↕  +    

9.?68 _

9.?68 _

Jh|Jh5+||Tm5+|Tm

  + ↕  +   

2.9?; _

2.9?; _

Jh|Jh5+||Ih+|Ih

  5 5+ ↕  +  5 5  

5.86; _

5.86; _

Jh|Jh5+||Bu5+|Bu

   + ↕  +   

6.?28 _

6.?28 _

Tm|Tm5+||Ve5+|Ve

  + ↕  +   

6.1?7 _

6.1?7 _

Ve|Ve5+||Bu5+|Bu

  + ↕  +   

6.2?9 _

6.2?9 _

Tm|Tm5+||Ba5+|Ba

  + ↕  +   

9.569 _

9.569 _

Ba|Ba5+||Ih+|Ih

  5+ ↕  +  5 5  

6.1?6 _

6.1?6 _

Bu|Bu5+||Ih+|Ih

  5+ ↕  +  5 5  

5+

5.511 _

5.511 _

5+

Jh|Jh ||Ve |Ve

+

  

+

↕ 

  

 

Wmkvgrskaia Mibknmi` ag Kmhgmkgrêi Oibu`tia ag Kmhgmkgrêi Yuêjkbi Okskbnquêjkbi 5  7.  ¾Bué` gs g` pntgmbki` ag bg`ai gm g` kmbksn 95> Cihi umi bipturi ag pimti``i piri gstg ipirtian.

?.  ¾Bué` sgrêi g` g`gbtrnan jés ibtkvn y g` jgmns ibtkvn gm g` kmbksn 92>

Jés ibtkvn4 Onmkuj Jgmns ibtkvn4 wcnaitkuj

8.  ¾Bué` gs g` bngokbkgmtg ag ibtkvkaia piri `i sn`ubkòm ibunsi ag` kmbksn 91> Gsbrkei `i rgibbkòm y `i mnjgmb`ituri ag bg`ai.

 

Wmkvgrskaia Mibknmi` ag Kmhgmkgrêi Oibu`tia ag Kmhgmkgrêi Yuêjkbi Okskbnquêjkbi 5

3.   Kmakbir `ns `ns pntgmbki`gs pntgmbki`gs gstémairgs gstémairgs tgòrkbns tgòrkbns ag tnans tnans `ns g`gbtrnans g`gbtrnans utk`kzians. utk`kzians. Viri Viri g``n usg `i tie`i ag pntgmbki`gs gstémairgs ag rgaubbkòm i 57¶B (Itlkms, 9;;9). Mn  tnjg gm bugmti bugmti `ns okbtkbkns. okbtkbkns.

G`gbtrnans

sgjkrrgibbkòm

pntgmbki`gs

Biajkn

Ba+  5g ↕ Ba 

-6.16

Bnerg

Bu+  5g ↕ Bu 

+6.21

Ckgrrn

Og+  5g ↕ Og 

-6.11

V`njn

Ve+  5g ↕ Ve 

-6.92

Jihmgskn

Jh +  5g ↕ Jh 

-5.2?

Mêqug`

Mk+  5g ↕ Mk 

-6.57

V`iti

Ih +  g ↕ Ih 

+6.3

Tkmb

Tm+  5g ↕ Tm 

-6.8?

Ckarnhgmn

5C +  5g ↕ C 

6

 ;.  ¾Yuë jgti`, gmorgmtian i` bnerg, gs jés ibtkvn y bui` gs jés mne`g>

Jés ibtkvn4 Jihmgskn Jés mne`g4 V`njn

 

Wmkvgrskaia Mibknmi` ag Kmhgmkgrêi Oibu`tia ag Kmhgmkgrêi Yuêjkbi Okskbnquêjkbi 5

96. Hriokqug Hriokqug g` pntgmbki` gstémair ag `ns g`gbtrnans (¶G) vs môjgrn itòjkbn  Biajkn

13

-6.1

Bnerg Ckgrrn

5;

6.21 -6.11

5?

V`njn Jihmgskn

35 95

Mêqug` V`iti Tkmb

53 18 26

Ckarnhgmn

9

-6.92 -5.2? -6.57 6.3 -6.8? 6

9 6.7    U    I 6    A    M     É-6.7    Q    R    G    @ -9    I    K    B -9.7    M    G    Q    N -5    V

6

56

16

?6

-5.7 -2

MÔJGUN IQÒJKBN

36

966

 

Wmkvgrskaia Mibknmi` ag Kmhgmkgrêi Oibu`tia ag Kmhgmkgrêi Yuêjkbi Okskbnquêjkbi 5

Gm bnmb`uskòm, puakjns agtgrjkmir i trivës ag` vi`nr ag pntgmbki` gstémair qug `ns skstgjis  prgvkijgmtg gstuakians gstuakians sk rgibbknmirn rgibbknmirnmm i` ciegrsg bn`nbia bn`nbiann gm bnmakbknmgs gstém gstémair, air, tijekëm kagmtkokbijns kagmtkokbijns `i tgnrêi ag `ns prnaubtns qug sg netuvkgrnm aurimtg `i skju`ibkòm ag `is bg`ais g`gbtrnquêjkbis.

 Eke`knhrioêi

•  • 

Itlkms, V. (9;;9). Okskbnquêjkbi. WRI4 Iaaksnm-Xgs`g Iaaksnm-Xgs`gy. y. Egrtrima, H. (5656). G`gbtrnbcgjkbi` Bg``s. Netgmkan ag cttp4//wge.jst.gau/~hegrt/g`gbtrn/g`gbtrnbcgj.ctj`