Laboratorio No 5

 

G^ÀM LN JMHKXM\KXAK Ck > BKCKBA@ANC\K Q @MCNFK LNJ N]^A_K LN KTABKX\N >.= GNCNXMJALMLNR  Mprnclnr m rnbkckbnr y ck`hrmr tklms jms pmrtns lnj skpjntn Rtmclmrl kxambntajácabk pmrm bkrtn. Dmbnr bkrtn ln uc `ntmj m `mck jahrn y prnpmrmr  hasnjns.

>.8. @M\NXAMJNR 

8 _jmtacms ln mbnrk ln .2. _XKBNLA@ANC\K NT_NXA@NC\MJ M. Xkpm Xkpm _rktn _rktnbtk btkrm rm 

Rnjnbbakc Rnjnbb akcn n jm hkq hkquaj uajjm jm lnj skp skpjnt jntn n lnj tm` tm`mýk mýk mln mlnbum bumlk lk pmr pmrm m bk bkrtm rtmr  r  pjmbms ln mbnrk ln =/< pujg. ln nspnskr.

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Bkjkqun jm pjmbm k pjmtacm ln uc bumrtk ln pujgmlm skhrnsmjanclk nc nj jmlrajjk rnermbtmrak y trmbn bkc puctks nj bkrtn.

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Ncbanclm nj skpjntn y mfustn jm jjm`m ln rnbmjnctmr m cnutrm.

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\rmhmfn lnsln nj jmlk ln meunrm, bkc nj skpjntn ln bkrtn ernctn m ustnl y bmjanctn jm pjmbm ln mbnrk, `mctncanclk jm jjm`m ln prnbmjnctm`anctk =/=5 ln pujgmlm pkr ncba`m lnj `ntmj.

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Bmjanctn jm pjmbm ln mbnrk dmstm qun nj `ntmj tk`n uc bkjkr rkfk hrajjmctn.  Mhrm jnctm pnrk ucaekr`n`nctn ucaekr`n`nctn jm víjvujm ln kxàgnc kxàgnck k pmrm bkrtn.

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Dmgm mvmczmr nj skpjntn jnctm`nctn dmbam ustnl, pnrk bkc jm sueabanctn rmpalnz pmrk dmbnr uc bkrtn ja`pak ln `ntmj.

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 Mpmgun nj skpjntn y ja`pan ja`pan jm hkquajjm. Lnfn nceramr jms panzms y prnsáctnjms mj prkenskr.

 

H. \k`mclk jm ktrm _jmtacm dmgm Hasnj. 

Bkjkqun skhrn jm `nsm y víjgmsn ln ucm prncsm pmrm mcbjmrjm bkc uc ícgujk ln mpkyk ln = =/8 pujg. ncba`m ln jm pjmtacm. (Nj ícgujk ln mbnrk sarvn ln guàm pmrm lnspjmzmr nj skpjntn y lmrjn jm acbjacmbaòc mj hasnj).

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Xnpatm kpnrmbakcns _uczòcjms jm jàcnm ln bkrtn. ln bkrtn ln jm pjmtacm mctnrakr v trmbn bkc uc

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@mctncgm nj skpjntn bkctrm nj ícgujk ln mbnrk m tklm jm jkcgatul lnj bkrtn, dmbanclk uc bkrtn mj hasnj.

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 Mpmgun nj skpjntn y ja`pan ja`pan jm hkquajjm. Lnfn nceramr jm panzm ln `ntmj y `uástrnjm mj prkenskr pmrm jm j m bmjaeabmbaòc.

B^NR\AKCMXAK =. »]uá lntnr`acm nj tm`mýk ln ucm hkquajjm pmrm skjlmr; Xtm6  Nj tm`mýk ln jm hkquajjm nstí lntnr`acm pkr nj nspnskr lnj `ntmj m skjlmr, tancnc bk`k eucbaòc jm ln bkcbnctrmr nj bdkrrk ln jm `nzbjm ln jks gmsns pmrm qun bk`hustmc nc ucm pnquným írnm. Jms hkquajjms pmrm skjlmr skc gncnrmj`nctn dnbdms ln bkhrn sumvn y nc laenrnctns `nlalms.

8. »_kr qun tancn uc rngujmlkr lks bmrítujms aclabmlkrms ln prnsaòc; Xtm6 _mrm `kstrmr jm prnsaòc nc nj bajaclrk, qun ns ucm nsbmjm mjtm qun supnrm jms 88?? Ah. ln prnsaòc pkr ucm pmrtn y pkr jm ktrm, jm prnsaòc ln trmhmfk k prnsaòc nc jms `mcgunrms qun gncnrmj`nctn nstm nctrn >-=> Ah. ln prnsaòc.

2. »]uá pmpnj lnsn`pným jm jjm`m cnutrm nc nj bkrtn;

 

Xtm6   _rklubn jm bk`hustaòc ln ucm pmrtn nc vkju`nc ln bmlm uck ln jks gmsns "kxàgnck y mbntajnck" y mpkrtm nj bmjkr cnbnsmrak pmrm acabamr jm rnmbbaòc mutkskstncahjn nctrn nj `ntmj y nj kxàgnck. Jm tn`pnrmturm qun lnhn mjbmczmr nj `ntmj lnhn snr bnrbmcm m jks =5?? ¿B  nc  nc uc m`hanctn cnutrk y sac mpkrtn ln njn`nctks quà`abks, dmstm euclar uc pkbk ln `ntmj "bdmrbk". Bumclk sn tancn tan cnc c jms jms mc mctn tnra rakr krns ns bk bkcl clab abak akcn cns, s, sn mh mhrn rn jm ví víjv jvuj ujm m ln kx kxàg àgnc nck k pm pmrm rm prkbnlnr mj bkrtn.

. Lnsbrahm y lahufn uc skpjntn ln bkrtn. »]uá tapks dmy nc jm aclustram; Xtm6   Nj pr prkp kpòs òsat atk k ln lnjj sk skpj pjnt ntn n ln bk bkrt rtn n ns nj ln pr prkp kpkr krba bakc kcmr mr jm jj jjm` m`m m pm pmrk rk prnbmjnctmr nj `ntmj y prklubar nj ejufk ln kxàgnck purk pmrm nj bkrtn. Nc nj skpjntn ln bkrtn, jms víjvujms ln kxagnck y mbntajnck ln mtrís bkctrkjmc jm jjm`m ln prnbmjnctm`anctk. Jm pmjmcbm bkctrkjm nj bdkrrk ln kxàgnck ln mjtm prnsaòc pmrm nenbtumr nj bkrtn. Nj `átklk pmrm `nzbjmr jks gmsns nc nj skpjntn ln bkrtn, ns agumj mj usmlk nc nj skpjntn pmrm skjlmr9 nstk ns,

 

`nzbjíclkjks m jm `as`m prnsaòc k usmclk nj pracbapak nj acynbtkr. Jms hkquajjms pmrm bkrtmr nstíc bk`punstms ln uc mcajjk ln mgufnrks, qun rklnmc uc kraeabak pkr nj bumj smjn nj kxàgnck ln bkrtn. Bmlm uck ln nstks mguf mg ufnr nrks ks prkp prkpkr krb bakcm akcm jm jjm` jjm`m m ln pr prnb nbmj mjnc nctm tm`a `anc nctk tk,, la last stra rahu huyn yncl clk k ucaekr`n`nctn nj bmjkr mj rnlnlkr lnj bdkrrk ln kxagnck y dmbanclk pksahjn nc bumjquanr `k`nctk nj mbunrlk bm`hak bkc nc jm lnj`ntmj, bkrtn.sn Bm`hamclk jm hkquajjm pmrm qun nstá ln nj larnbbaòc nspnskr lnj punln bkrtmr  bumjquanr nspnskr. _mrk bm`hamr jm hkquajjm pmrm bkrtmr, sn lnsmtkrcajjm jm tunrbm ln jm bmhnzm ln bkrtn y sn quatm jm hkquajjm9 sn acsnrtm jm cunvm hkquajjm y vunjvn m mprntmrsn jm tunrbm. Nj skpjntn qunlm cunvm`nctn jastk pmrm usmrsn. Jks mgufnrks khstrualks pkr jms pnqunýms pmrtàbujms ln `ntmj euclalk qun sn pngmc nc jm puctm ln jm hkquajjm, skc príbtabm`nctn jm bmusm ln tklms jms laeab laeabuj ujtm tmln lns. s. ^c bd bdkr krrk rk bajàc bajàclr lrab abk k y bjmr bjmrk, k, pr prkl klub ubar arí í uc bk bkrt rtn n uc ucae aekr kr`n `n.. Bumjquanr Bumjq uanr khstru khstrubbaò bbaòc c nc nj nquap nquapk k k nc nj nxtrn`k n jm hkquajjm rnlub rnlubarí arí jk vnjkbalml y prklubarí uc bkrtn íspnrk.

Eagurm. Rkpjntn ln Bkrtn 5. Ln Lnsb sbra rahm hm jks jks rnsu rnsujt jtml mlks ks ln bk bkrt rtmr mr bk bkc c ln ln`m `msa saml mlm m jn jnct ctat atul ul y bk bkc c ln`msamlm rmpalnz.

Xtm6  Ra nj `kv `kva`a a`anct nctk k ns ln` ln`msa msamlk mlk jnctk jnctk,, nj bkr bkrtn tn tnc tnclrí lrí nj eaj eajk k sup supnra nrakr  kr  rnlkclnmlk y jm nsbkram sn mldanrn mj acenrakr. Rac n`hmrgk, sa nj `kva`anctk ns ln`msamlk rípalk, ck dmhrí tan`pk sueabanctn pmrm qun nj bdkrrk ln

 

kxàgnck mtrmvansn nj `ntmj, y jm panzm ck sn snpmrmrí. Ra nj `ntmj ck sn bkrtm nc mjgucms pmrtns, snrí cnbnsmrak bnrrmr nj kxàgnck ln bkrtn (skjtmclk jm pmjmcbm) y vkjvnr m n`pnzmr nc jm pmrtn nc qun ck pncntrò nj bkrtn. Ra nj `ntmj ns bkrtmlk m vnjkbalml mprkpamlm, nj bkrtn qunlmr qun lmrí í ja` ja`pak pak y sac nsbkr nsbkram9 am9 jks eaj eajks ks sup supnra nrakrn krns s n ace acenra nrakrn krns s nst nstmrí mríc c m nsbumlrm.

7. Nc uc ucm m tm tmhj hjm m pm pmrm rm bk bkrtn rtns s acla aclaqu qun, n, ns nspn pnsk skrr ln `n `ntm tmjj m bk bkrt rtmr mr bk bkct ctrm rm tm`mýk ln hkquajjm, tncanclk nc bunctm ln =/4 m =? _ujg. ln nspnskr. ln  nspnskr.

Xtm6 Nspnskr  (pujg.)

Kraeabak ln K8  (pujg.)

Mgufnrks ln _rnbmjnctm`anctk

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4. Nxp Nxpjaq jaqun un qun subn subnlnr lnràm àm sa m uc skpjn skpjntn tn ck sn jn lan lanrn rn jm acb acbjacm jacmbaò baòc c qun rnq rnquan uanrn rn pm pmrm rm ekr ekr`mr `mr uc íc ícguj gujk, k, bum bumclk clk acaba acabamj` mj`nct nctn n sn dmb dmbn n uc mgufnrk pmrm bkrtmr.

Xtm6  Nj skpjntn sn lnhn bkjkbmr nc uc ícgujk ln ¿ pmrm qun sn punlm acabamr nj bmjnctm`anctk pmrm nj bkrtn, ns cnbnsmrak lnfmrjk nc nstm pksabaòc dmstm qun nj `ntmj sn pkcgm ln uc bkjkr rkfk hrajjmctn, y sn khtancn ucm supnreaban jasm, dk`kgácnm y ucaekr`n.

 

1. »]uá aclabm uc bkrtn ln huncm bmjalml dnbdk bkc kxagnck; kxagnck ; Xtm6 ^c bk bkrt rtn n ln hu hunc ncm m bm bmja jalm lml l dn dnbd bdk k bk bkc c kx kxam ambn bnta tajn jnck ck pr prns nsnc nctm tm mj mjgu gucm cms s bmrmbtnràstabms qun jk laenrncbamc ln uc bkrtn rngujmr. Lnhn prnsnctmr hkrlns dk`kgá dk` kgácn cnks, ks, ck rnl rnlkcl kclnml nmlks, ks, sac mbu mbu`uj `ujmba mbaòc òc ln nsb nsbkra kram m nc jm pmr pmrtn tn acenrakr.

=?. »Bò`k sn lntnr`acm jm tn`pnrmturm mlnbumlm pmrm bkrtmr ; Xtm6  Lnpncln lnj tapk y nspnskr lnj `mtnramj m bkrtmr9 jm tn`pnrmturm alnmj ln bkrtn snrí mqunjjm m jm bumj nj bkrtn   sn nenbtön bkc jm `mykr vnjkbalml y dk`kgncnalml pksahjn.

==.  »Nc quá larnbbaòc sn dmbn garmr ucm ucaòc ln `mcgunrm ln mbntajnck pmrm lnsmtkrcajjmrjm;, »y ucm ucaòc ln kxàgnck;

Xtm6  _mrm lnstkrcajjmr jm ucaòc ln kxambntajnck ln dmbn garmr dmbam jm lnrnbdm y jm lnj Kxagnck dmbam jm azquanrlm

=8. Lahufn y lnsbrahm jms bmrmbtnràstabms ln ucm jjm`m bmrhurazmctn y jms ln ucm jjm`m kxalmctn.

Xtm6 Jjm`m bmrhurazmctn6 rnsujtm rnsujtm ln ucm `un `unstr strm m ln `ms mbnt mbntajn ajnck ck qun ln kxagnck y sn n`pjnm m vnb vnbns ns pmrm mgrngmr bmrhòc jm `ntm `ntmjj ln sk skjlmlurm. jlmlurm.

 

Eagurm. Jjm`m bmrhurazmctn Jjm`m kxalmctn6 rnsujtm ln ucm `nzbjm bkc `m `ms s kxagnc kxagnck k qun mbn mbntajnck, tajnck, ns jm `ms bmjan bmjanctn. ctn. Rac n`hm n`hmrgk, rgk, nj nxbns nxbnsk k ln kxagn kxagnck ck kxal kxalm m nj `ntm `ntmjj ln skjlmlurm y ck punln snr prmbtabk nc mjgucks bmsks.

Eagurm. Jjm`m kxalmctn

=2. »Ln  »Ln qun `mcnrm laeanrn uc skpjntn pmrm bkrtmr ln uck ln skjlmr; Xtm6 Nj skpjntn skpjntn qu qun n sn utaj utajazm azm pm pmrm rm bkrtm bkrtmrr tancn u uc c acynb acynbtkr tkr ln kx kxagnck agnck,, nj bum bumjj dmbn qun qun njn njnvn vn jm tn`p tn`pnrmtu nrmturm rm pmrm b bkrtmr, krtmr, ` `anctr anctrms ms qun jjn n skpjn skpjntn tn ck jk utajazm.

=. »]uá »]uá `ntmjns sn bkrtmc pkr nj prkbnsk kxambntajácabk; Xtm6 Jks `ntmjns qun sn punlnc bkrtmr `nlamctn nstn prkbnsk skc jks enrrksks.

=5.  »_kr quá sn lnhnc bm`hamr san`prn jms prnsakcns ln jks rngujmlkrns bumclk sn bm`ham ln ucm kpnrmbaòc ln bkrtn m ucm ln skjlmlurm;

Xtm6 Lagm`ks qun sn nstn usmclk 8? jahrms ln kxagnck y 2 jarms ln mbntajnck pmrm bkrtmr, y bm`ham m jm hkquajjm cu`nrk 8 pmrm skjlmr, lnhnràm nstmr usmclk 8 jarms ln kxagnck y 8 jahrms ln mbntajnck sa nj skpjntn ns lnj tapk ln prnsakcns agumjns. Ra sn trmtm ln mfustmr jms prnsakcns bkc jms víjvujms lnj skpjntn, nc jugmr ln usmr jks rngujmlkrns jm mjtm prnsaòc lnj kxagnck ekrzmrm m nstn lnctrk ln jm `mc lnctrk `mcgun gunrm rm ln mbn mbntajn tajnck9 ck9 ac` ac`nla nlamtm mtm`n `nctn ctn sn mbu mbu`uj `ujmrm mrm uc ucm m `nzbjm `nz bjm mjt mjtm`n m`nctn ctn nxp nxpjks jksavm avm nc jm `mc `mcgun gunrm rm ln lnjj mbntaj mbntajnck nck.. Bum Bumcl clk k nst nstk k subnln nj `mcò`ntrk lnj rngujmlkr ln mbntajnck `unstrm uc mu`nctk ln prnsaòc, m pnsmr ln qun ck sn dm dnbdk cacgöc bm`hak nc nj tkrcajjk ln mfustn ln prnsaòc. 

=7. »Buíj  »Buíj ns jm pracbapmj laenrncbam nctrn uc skpkrtn ln bkrtn y uc mlatm`nctk pmrm bkrtn; bkrtn;

Xtm6 Nj skpkrtn ln bkrtn ns `ms sngurk qun nj mlatm`nctk pmrm bkrtn punstk qun

 

nstn ns ucm mýmlalurm qun sn jn dmbn mj skpjntn ln skjlmlurm pnrk sn jn dmbn ns pmrm qun n`atm nj bdkrrk ln kxagnck qun ns nj qun bkrtm nj `ntmj.

=4.  Nxpjaqun nj prkbnsk ln bkrtn bkc mrbk ln pjms`m (_MB) Xtm6 Nstn ns nj `át Nstn `átklk klk ln bkr bkrtn tn `ís rnban rnbanctn ctn`nc `nctn tn lns lnsmrr mrrkjj kjjmlk mlk qun pun punln ln n`pjnmrsn tm`haác pmrm eusaòc, rnbmrguns y skjlmlurm ln `ntmjns. Nsncbamj`nctn, nstn `átklk ns ucm nxtncsaòc lnj prkbnsk \AG. Jm pastkjm ln mrbk pjms`m ns ucm pastkjm nspnbamj ln \AG, qun jjnvm uc njnbtr njn btrklk klk ln vkj vkjerm erm`ak `ak,, qun ck skh skhrns rnsmjn mjn ln lnjj nxtrn` nxtrn`k k ln jm hkq hkquaj uajjm. jm. Nj njnbtrklk sn mja`nctm bkc bkrranctn bkctacum m pkjmralml larnbtm (_LBB), nstmclk jm panzm m bkrtmr bkcnbtmlm mj njnbtrklk pksatavk. Jms `íquacms ckr`mjns ln skjlmlurm ck skc mprkpamlms, puns nj bkrtn pkr mrbk pjms`m cnbnsatm ucks =>? U ln tncsaòc m barbuatk mhanrtk, vmjkr qun rnsujtm nxbnsavm`nctn mjtk pmrm jms `íquacms ln skjlmlurm pkr mrbk y ucm actncsalml ln bkrranctn ln >?? M k supnrakr, bkc uc embtkr ln `mrbdm lnj =?? %. Nc jm pastk pastkjm jm ln pjms` pjms`m, m, jm puct puctm m lnj njnbtrk njnbtrklk lk nstí jkbmjazml jkbmjazmlm m nc nj actnrakr  ln jm hkquajjm. Nstm pastkjm tancn skjm`nctn uc pnqunýk kraeabak. Nj gms ln bkrtn lnhn ejuar pra`nrk m trmvás lnj mrbk, lkcln sn bmjanctm m `ís ln 48?? ¿B (=> ??? ¿E), tn`pnrmturm `ubdk `ís mjtm qun jm ln bumjquanr jjm`m. _nrk nc vnz ln pnr`a nr`ata tarj rjn n jm nx nxp pmc mcsa saò òc jò jòga gab bm rnsu nsujt jtm mct ctn n ln nstn stn grm rmc c bmjnctm`anctk, sn jn eunrzm, `nlamctn ucm njnvmlm prnsaòc, m barbujmr pkr nj nstrnbdk kraeabak ln jm hkquajjm y bk`k rnsujtmlk sn mbnjnrm m vnjkbalmlns supnrsòcabms ln bnrbm ln =8?? `/s (