LABORATORIO No 1 - USO NLOGIT

 

XGCUHT_C@A@ GAOCLGAF @HF OHGPTL @HF ^HTX EAOXFPA@ @H HOLGLMÍA HOLGLMÍA AMDCHGPAF S @H FL_ THOXT_L_ GAPXTAFH_ FADLTAPLTCL G» >1 CGPTL@XOOCßG AF G-FLBCP LDKHPCUL; Hf partocpagh aprhg`hrá a utfczar hf slewarh Gflbc ?.> para fa hstmaocÿg `h ml`hfls holglmãrcols (Agáfcscs `h Thbrhscÿg muft muftvarcadfh). varcadfh). Hg fa prhshgh shscÿg, sh raa `h jaohr uga prhshgaocÿg muy bhghraf `h fas jhrramchgas dáscoas `h prlbramaocÿg `hf paquhh holglmãrcol G-Flbct. _h jaoh cgscshgoca hg fa utfc`a` `h hsh paquhh hg fa hstmaocÿg `h fls ml`hfls cgofuc`ls `hgrl `h holglmhría `h varcadfhs `csorhas, para fl ouaf hf Hvchws thgh cgolgvhgchghs. Ml`hfls olmûgmhgh utfcza`ls plr fls holglmcsas amdchgafhs y `h rhoursls gaurafhs para fa vaflraocÿg holgÿmcoa amdchgaf amdchgaf y para fa hstmaocÿg `h dhghocls y olsls `hrcva`ls `hrcva`ls `h fa hvafuaocÿg `h plfítoas amdchgafhs y `h maghkl `h rhoursls gaurafhs.

OLMAG@L_ DÁ_COL_ Hf amdchgh dáscol `hf G FLBCP suplgh quh oa`a ohscÿg `h radakl sh c`hgtoa olml ug ‖^TLKHOP”. Xg ^rlkho cgofuyh l`a fa cglrmaocÿg quh utfczará hg su ohscÿg `h radakl. Hsa cgofuyh dashs `h `als, varcadfhs, marcohs, safc`as (LXP^XP) `h fas rhbrhsclghs, hsoafarhs quh ush` puh`h orhar, y fa prlbramaocÿg `hf ml`hfl l olgkugl `h ml`hfls quh quchra hstmar.

OATBAG@L G-FLBCP ?.>

OTHAML_ XG GXHUL ^TLKHOP 1. ^rhs ^rhscl clga garr Ofl Oflssh 4. Hg hf hf mhg mhgû û shf shfho hooc oclg lgar ar Ecf Ecfh h ?. Jaoh Jaohrr oofc fcoi oi hg Ghw Fuhbl aparhoh hf scbuchgh íolgl;

Phxt/Olmmag` Phxt/Olmm ag` @loumhgt ; hsa lpocÿg scrvh para h`car fa prlbramaocÿg olg quh sh radakará hg hf G Flbc. o rhar su amdchgh `h radakl. ^rlkhot; Hsa lpocÿg fh phrmch orhar

 

0. _hfhooclgag _hfhooclgag`l `l fa prcmhr prcmhra a lpocÿg lpocÿg sh hg`r hg`rá á fa vhgaga vhgaga `h olmag`ls olmag`ls;;

8. Olg fa fa shbug` shbug`a a lpo lpocÿg cÿg sh sh lrzar lrzará á a orhar orhar ug guhvl guhvl ^rlkho, ouag`l sha ghohsarcl, hg hsh prcmhr oasl, hf ^rlkho sh vcsuafcza `hs`h ug prcmhr mlmhgl.

5. ¼Oÿml ¼Oÿml buar buar`ar `ar ug guhvl guhvl ^rlyho ^rlyhotl< tl< _uplgba quh ush` orhÿ sus varcadfhs h cgrl`ukl fls vaflrh vaf lrhss olrrhsp olrrhsplg` lg`chg chghs hs.. Hf scb scbuch uchgh gh pasl pasl shrá shrá buar`ar hf ^rlkho orha`l, para hffl, `hdh `crcbcrsh af mhgû prcgocpaf `hf G Flbc jaohr ofcoi hg ECFH y fuhbl of ofccoi hg _AUH AFF, cgmh`caam cgmh`caamhgh hgh aparhoh hg fa pagaffa `h su mlgclr uga guhva vhgaga hg `lg`h thgh quh hsorcdcr hf glmdrh `h su ^rlkho. Hsorcda hf glmdrh `h ãsh (PAFFHT 1) scg hxhgscÿg y G-Flbc sh hgoarbará aulmátoamhgh `h ascbgarfh fa hxhgscÿg

(fcm). Ajlra ochrrh hf prlbrama y oárbuhfl `h guhvl `hf scbuchgth ml`l; Cgbrhsh guhvamhgth af G Flbct Jaba ofcoi hg Ecfh Fuhbl hg Lphg Ecgafmhgth hg PAFFHT1 Hgtlgohs aparhohrá fa pagtaffa `h prlbramaocÿg

THBTH_CLG FCGHAF ^ara pl`hr rhafczar hg lrma áocf hf prlohsl `h amcfcarczaocÿg olg hf usl `h G Flbc, sh lmará olml dash hf hkhrococl prlpuhsl fíghas adakl, olmhgzag`l olg hf agáfcscs `h Olrrhfaocÿg y Thbrhscÿg _cmpfh;

 

Olg hf ldkhtvl `h mh`cr fa hfastoc`a` Cgbrhsl `hf olgsuml `h ohrvhza sh lmÿ uga muhsra `h 44 cg`cvc`uls, oa`a ugl `h hffls olg cgbrhsls `cstgls, olml sh muhsra hg fa Padfa G¾1. Hgouhgrh fa hfastoc`a` cgbrhsl `hf olgsuml `h ohrvhza, cghrprhh sus rhsufa`ls.

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Bhghramls fas varcadfhs rhquhrc`as; Hf pasl cgcocaf `h l`l radakl, hs fa orhaocÿg `h fas varcadfhs quh sh cgofucrág hg fa dash `h `als (^rlkho). ^ara

hf

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orhaocÿg varcadfhs shbucr

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scbuchgh

prlo prloh` h`cm cmch chg gl; l;

uga uga

vhz vhz or orha ha`l `l hf guhv guhvl l ^rlk ^rlkh ho o;;

Paffh ffhr1 r1,,

sh

`hdh `hdh or orha harr fa guhv guhva a varcad var cadfh, fh, para hffl, sh `hdh `hdh cr af mhgû mhgû prcgoc prcgocpaf paf CG_H fuhbl shfho shfhoocl oclgar gar CPHM CG PL CG_HTP TP y fuhbl

^TLKHOP, y aparhohr aparhohrá á uga vhgaga, vhgaga, hg fa ouaf sh `hdh shfhooclgar shfhooclgar UATCADFH   y fuhbl LI. @cbcamls hf glmdrh `h fa prcmhra varcadfh cgbrhsl, fuhbl hf `h fa lra varcadfh, olgsuml. Hsh prloh`cmchgl sh `hdh rhafczar agas vhohs olml varcadfhs a cgofucr hg hf prlkho. Glh quh sh `hdh cgofucr fa lpocÿg @APA ECFF (OXTTHGP _AM^FH)  fl ouaf scbgcoa quh hf amañl `h fa muhsra shrá `hhrmcga`l plr hf usuarcl. @h gl jaohrfl así hf G-Flbc rholglohrá olml ragbl `h fa muhsra fas 1>>> ldshrvaoclghs quh hs oapaz `h oarbar.

 

Cgtrl`uocmls fas ldshrvaoclghs para oa`a varcadfh ^ara ^ara ol olmp mpfh fha arr fl flss `al `alss `h oa oa`a `a uga uga `h fas fas varcadfhs varcad fhs sh `hdh cr af mhgû prcgocpaf prcgocpaf ^TLKHOP,  y fuhbl fuh bl shfhoo shfhooclg clgar ar @APA H@CPLT. Xga vhz jhojl hffl hffl,, ap apar arho hohr hrá á ug uga a vhg vhgag aga a `lg` `lg`h h sh pl`r pl`rág ág cgr cgrl` l`u uoc ocrr

fls fls

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Hsh

prloh`cmchgl cmpfcoa `cbcar oa`a gûmhrl shbuc`l `h HGPHT, phrmct phrmcthg` hg`l l así cgofucr cgofucr fls `als `als plr olfumgas (varcadfhs)

Hsmag`l hsta`ísoas `hsorcpvas Cr af mhgû mhgû prcg prcgoc ocpa paff para para hfhb hfhbcr cr ML@HF, y fuhb fuhbl l shfh shfhoo oocl clga garr @APA @H_OTC^PCLG, y a olgtgu olg tguaoc aocÿg ÿg @H_OTC^PCUH _PAPC_PCO_. _hfhoo _hfhooclg clgar ar fas varcad varcadfhs fhs `h fas ouafhs ouafhs sh `hsha `hsha ldhgh ld hghrr hsa cglrmao cglrmaocÿg cÿg,, gafmh gafmhgh gh sh ja jaoh oh ofcoi ofcoi hg TXG  y aparhohr aparhohrág ág fls rhsufa`ls rhsufa`ls `hsha`ls. ^ara avhrcbuar fls scbgls y fa mabgcu` `h fa rhfaocÿg `h fls olhochghs a hstmar para hf ml`hfl,, aghs ml`hfl aghs `h hho hhouar uar ouafqu ouafquchr chr rhbrhs rhbrhscÿg cÿg fcghaf fcghaf,, hs muy cmplr cmplrag agh h jaohr jaohr uga hstmaocÿg `h fa marcz `h olrrhfaocÿg y `h fa marcz `h olvarcagza hgrh fas varcadfhs `h hsu`cl. G Flbc phrmch jaohr hsh prloh`cmchgl `h maghra muy scmpfh. Hg hf mhgû prcgoc prc gocpaf paf shfho shfhoocl oclgar gar ML@HF  y fuhbl fuhbl shfhooc shfhooclga lgarr @APA @H_OTC^PCLG, y a olgtguaocÿg

@H_OTC^PCUH _PAPC_PCO_. Xga vhz oumpfc`l hffl aparhoh uga vhgaga ( @_PAPA), `lg`h sh pl`rág shfhooclgar fas varcadfhs. Xga vhz shfhooclga`as oamdcamls a fa shbug`a phsaña `h hsa vhgaga (L^PCLG_), affí sh shfhooclgag fas lpoclghs `h @C_^FAS OLUATCAGOH MAPTCZ y

@C_^FAS OLTTHFAPCLG MAPTCZ. Fuhbl jaohr ofcoi hg TXG para vhr hf rhsufa`l. Hsmar uga rhbrhscÿg plr mígcmls oua`ra`ls lr`cgarcls

^ara hstmar ouafquchr rhbrhscÿg fcghaf a ravãs `h Mígcmls Oua`ra`ls Lr`cgarcls, hg hf mhgû prcgocpaf shfhooclgar ML@HF, y fuhbl shfhooclgar FCGHAT ML@HF_, y a olgtguaocÿg THBTH THB TH__C __CLG. LG. Xga vhz jhojl jhojl hs hsl l aparho aparhohrá hrá uga vhga vhgaga ga (T (THBT HBTH__ H__)) `lg`h `lg`h sh pl`rág pl`rág shfhoo shf hooclg clgar ar fas varcad varcadfhs fhs a cgofuc cgofucrr hg hf ml`hf ml`hfl, l, fa varcad varcadfh fh `hphg` `hphg`chg chgh h (@H^HG (@H^HG@HG @HGP P UATCADFH) y varcadfhs cg`hphg`chghs (CG@H^HG@HGP UATCADFH). Xga vhz shfhooclga`as, jaohr ofcoi hg TXG para vhr hf rhsufa`l

¼Oÿml braeoar y vhr hf fcsta`l `h vaflrhs prh`cojls `h fa varcadfh `hphg`chgth y `h fls hrrlrhs `h uga rhbrhscÿg plr mígcmls oua`ra`ls lr`cgarcls< ^ara braoar fls hrrlrhs `h fa rhbrhscÿg, shfhooclgh hg hf mhgû prcgocpaf ML@HF, y fuhbl shfhooclgar FCGHAT ML@HF_ ML@HF_, fuh fuhbl THBTH__CLG, shb shbuc` uc`amh amhgh gh shf shfhoo hooclg clgh h fa varcad varcadfh fh `hphg `hphg`ch `chgh gh y fa( fa(s) s) varcadfh(s) varcad fh(s) cg`hphg`c cg`hphg`chgh hgh(s), (s), fuhbl shfhooclgh LXP^XP, y ma marq rquh uh hg hf oua`r oua`rl l fa lpocÿg lpocÿg,, ^FLP TH_C@XAF_. ^a ^ara ra pr prhs hshg hga arr hf fcs fcsa` a`l l `h fls fls hr hrrl rlrh rhs, s, marq marquh uh hg hf ou oua` a`rl rl fa lpoc lpocÿg ÿg @C_^FAS ^TH@COPCLG_ AG@ TH_C@XAF_.

OLGOFX_CLG;

 

@hsorcptvhs Mhag

_`.@hv.

_ihwghss

Iurlscs

Mcgcmum

Maxcmum

^THOCL OLG_XML Hf ml`hfl hsma`l hs; \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\  \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\  \\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\ Agáfcscs `hf ml`hfl; \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\  \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\  \\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\  \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\  \\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\ Fa hfasoc`a` cgbrhsl `hf olgsuml `h ohrvhza hs; \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\   \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\   \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\   \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\

   

Hkhrococl G» 4 H_PCMAOCßG ^LT MÍGCML_ OXA@TA@L_ LT@CGATCL_9 X_L @HF _LEPRATH HOLGLMÃPTCOL GFLBCP Hf bhrhgh `h phrslgaf `h uga olmpañía armaoãutoa, hsá cghrhsa`a hg prlglstoar sc ug aspcragh hg partoufar sh olgvhrtrá hg ug duhg vhg`h`lr. ^ara hffl `hoc`h hmpfhar olml varcadfh `hphg`chgh fas vhgas `hf prcmhr mhs y hfcbh fas scbuchghs varcadfhs cg`hphg`chghs para agafczar; agafczar ; Z4 = hxamhg `h aptu` hg vhgas Z? = h`a`, hg añls Z0 = oafcoaocÿg hg fa pruhda `h agsch`a` Z8 = hxphrchgoca hg añls Z5 = ^^B (pugl prlmh`cl `h bra`l) hg shoug`arca Hf bhrhgh `h phrslgaf rhûgh fls `als quh sh muhsrag hg fa adfa 4 y fl `hscbga olml su agafcsa para fa arha `h ldhghr hf ‖mhklr” olgkugl `h varcadfhs cg`hphg`chghs para prlglstoar fa jadcfc`a` hg vhgas. Hfadlrh ug rhplrh gaf olg su rhsufa`l. PADFA G¾ 4

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*; Kljg Jagih y Arjur Thcsoj; ^rlgÿstols hg fls ghblocls.

  

Hkhrococl G» ? Hf hkhrococl thgh plr ldkhtvl fa oapaocaocÿg `hf hsu`cagh hg hf usl `h fa ãogcoa MOL para fa hstmaocÿg `h uga ugocÿg `h `hmag`a y sus hfastoc`a`hs hmpfhag`l hf slewarh holglmãrcol GFLBCP ?.> Olg dash a fls `als `hf arojcvl @HMAG@A, sh pc`h; a. Jaffar fls hsa`ís hsa`ístols tols `hsorcpt `hsorcptvls vls y olmhgar olmhgar fls rhsufa`ls. rhsufa`ls. @hsorcptvhs Mhag

_`.@hv.

_ihwghss

Iurlscs

Mcgcmum

Maxcmum

d. Hstmar uga ugocÿg ugocÿg `h `hmag`a fcghaf para fa oargh oargh `h plffl h cghrprhar fls olh olhochghs, ochghs, schg`l hf ml`hfl;

Q^LF = δ>  + δ1 ^^LF + δ4  ^TH_ + δ?^LUC + δ0CGB + ¸c o. Hstmar Hstmar fas hfastoc`a`h hfastoc`a`hss `h fa `hmag`a, `hmag`a, `crhoa, `crhoa, oruza`as oruza`as h cgbrhsl. cgbrhsl. `. Cghrprhar hf olhochgh `h `hhrmcgaocÿg y fa scbgcoagoca cg`cvc`uaf `h fls olhochghs. olhochghs. h. Ajlra, pfaghar uga ugocÿg hxplghgocaf y fuhbl hstmar h cghrprhar sus olhochghs. olhochghs.

flbQ^LF = flb A + δ 1 flb ^^LF  + δ4 flb ^TH_  + δ? flb ^LUC + δ0CGB + ¸c @lg`h; Q^LF

; oagt`a` phroápca `h olgsuml aguaf `h oargh `h plffl

^^LF

; prhocl `h plffl

^TH_

; prhocl `h `h oargh `h rhs

^LUC

; prhocl `h oargh `h lvcgl

CGB

; cgbrhsl phroápca prlmh`cl aguaf

_LFXOCLG; Cmplrtar `atls. Hsh paquhh holglmãrcol puh`h cmplrar `als hg jlka hfhorÿgcoa buar`a`ls hg hxhgscÿg RI_, Hxohf ÿ lrmal RI_ (1-4-?). Oarbar fls `als `crhoamhgh af ^rlkhot `h GFLBCP. ^ara hffl cgbrhsh af prlbrama y adra ug prlyhol guhvl. Fuhbl shfhooclgh hf mhgû prcgocpaf ^TLKHOP, shbuc`amhgh shfhooclgar CM^LTP, aparhohrá fa vhgaga CM^LTP, hg fa ouaf pl`rhmls hfhbcrr fa rua `h udcoaocÿg `hf arojcvl, uga vhz shfhooclga`l hf arojcvl, jaohr ofcoi hg ADTCT Xga vhz oarba`a fa dash `h `als, fas varcadfhs shrág cgolrplra`as aulmátoamhgh af ^rlkho. ^ara olgrmar olgrm ar fa oarba `h fas varcadf varcadfhs hs pl`hmls jaohr ofcoi sldrh fa oarph oarpha a UATCADFH_ y sh ldshrvará ldshrvará oa`a ugl `h fls glmdrhs `h fas varcadfhs quh olglrmag hf ml`hfl.

 

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MAJ_ 4>4>