Laboratorio N°2: Cinética química
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GUÍA N°2 CINÉTICA QUÍMICA
Laboratorio Labora torio N°2: Cinéca química LABORATORIO LABORATORIO DE QUÍMICA INORGÁNICA - UNIVERSIDAD TECNOLÓGICA DEL PERÚ
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QUÍMICA INORGÁNICA
LAORA!ORIO N° 2 CIN"!ICA QUÍMICA I#
O$%!I&O'
Obser!r "! #$%&r'!()#! *e "! )&()e('r!)#+( *e "&s re!),&s )&( res%e)'& ! "! e"&)#*!* *e (! re!))#+( ./$#)!0
De'er$#(!r "! re"!)#+( e('re "! )&()e('r!)#+( 1 e" ,e$%& *e re!))#+( e('re e" 1&*!'& *e %&'!s#& 3IO45 1 e" b#s"6'& *e s&*#& N!7SO 450
II#
(RINCI(IO' !% !%)RICO' CIN"!ICA QUÍMICA L! )#(8,)! ./$#)! es (! %!r'e *e "! ./$#)! (e'!$e('e e9%er#$e('!" e9%er#$e('!" .e es'*#! "! r!%#*e: )&( .e 'r!(s)rre( "!s re!))#&(es ./$#)!s & '!$b#8( *e(&$#(!*! e"&)#*!* *e re!))#+(0
&%LOCI*A* *% R%ACCI)N L! e"&)#*!* *e (! re!))#+( ./$#)! se )&(&)e )&$& (! e"&)#*!* *e *es)&$%&s#)#+( & *es!%!r#)#+( *e ( re!),& 1 ! s e: )&$& "! e"&)#*!* *e ;&r$!)#+( *e ( %r&*)'&< )&(;&r$e 'r!(s)rre 'r!(s)rre "! re!))#+( ./$#)!0 C&(s#*ere "! s#=#e('e re!))#+( ./$#)!> +3 →2 =
−∆[ ] ∆t
=
3∆t
=
−∆[ ]
∆[ ]
2∆t
Donde:
?A@< ?B@ 1 ?C@> C&()e('r!)#+( $&"!r $&"L50 L&s s#=(&s (e=!,&s #(*#)!( .e "!s )&()e('r!)#&(es )&()e('r!)#&(es *e "&s re!)'!('es re!)'!('es A 1 *e)re)e( )&( e" ,e$%&< 1 e" s#=(& %&s#,&< .e "! )&()e('r!)#+( *e" %r&*)'& C !$e('! )&( e" ,e$%&0 L! *e6(#)#+( *e e"&)#*!* (&s #(*#)! .e se )&(s$e *es!%!re)e5 4 e)es $s r%#*& .e A< $#e('r!s C se %r&*)e !%!re)e5 2 e)es $s r%#*& .e A< ! $e*#*! .e es'! ",$! se )&(s$e0
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QUÍMICA INORGÁNICA L%+ *% &%LOCI*A* L! e9%re 9%res# s#+( +( $!'e $!'e$ $,) ,)!! .e .e re"!) e"!)#& #&(! (! "! e"& e"&)# )#*! *!* * *e (! (! re!) re!))# )#+( +( )&( )&( "!s "!s )&()e('r!)#&(es *e "&s re!),&s se *e(&$#(! L,- ., &,/oci.a.# proporcional a la concentración concentración de Es'! Le1 %"!('e! .e “la velocidad de una reacción es proporcional los los react reactan ante tess elev elevad ado o a ciert ciertos os expo expone nent ntes es experim xperimen enta tales les” ” 0 (ara ara /a r,ac r,acci ci0n 0n
ant,riorm,nt, ant,riorm,nt, cita.a1 /a L,L ,- ., ,/oci.a. 3o.,mo4 r,3r,4,ntar/a 4,56n:
=
−∆[ ] = [ ][ ]
∆t
Donde: −∆[ ]
> D#s$#(-)#+( *e "! )&()e('r!)#+( *e A e( ;-()#+( *e" ,e$%&< ! -(!
∆
Te$%er!'-r! T *e'er$#(!*!0
> C&(s'!('e *e e"&)#*!*0 > Or*e( *e" re!)'!('e re!)'!('e A0 > Or*e( *e" re!)'!('e B0 + > Or*e( '&'!" *e "! re!))#+(0
E" e9%&(e('e *e ) !*! )&()e('r!)#+( ( 1 $ e( es'e )!s&5 se *e(&$#(! e" &r*e( *e "! re!))#+( %!r! es! es%e)#e ./$#)! %!r,)"!r0 S# "&s !"&res *e $ 1 ( s&( 1 2 res%e),!$e('e< "! "e1 *e e"&)#*!* es> −∆[ ]
=
= [ ][ ]
2
∆t
se *#)e .e "! re!))#+( es *e %r#$er &r*e( res%e)'& ! "! es%e)#e A 1 *e se=(*& &r*e( res%e)'& ! "! es%e)#e B0 S# "&s !"&res *e $ 1 ( s&( F 1 res%e),!$e('e< "! "e1 *e e"&)#*!* es> =
−∆[ ]
0
1
= [] []
= []
∆t
E( es'e )!s& se *#)e .e es *e or.,n c,ro r,43,cto a A & A & #(*e%e(*#e('e *e "! )&()e('r!)#+( *e A5 1 *e 3rim,r or.,n r,43,cto a 0 0 E" &r*e( *e re!))#+( res%e)'& ! (! es%e)#e es s#$%"e$e('e "! %&'e()#! ! "! )!" se e"e! "! )&()e('r!)#+( *e *#)! es%e)#e e( "! "e1 *e e"&)#*!*0 E" &r*e( '&'!" *e "! re!))#+( ser "! s$! *e + 0
Se *ebe !)er %rese('e .e e" &r*e( *e re!))#+( se *e'er$#(! e9%er#$e('!"$e('e 1 (& *ebe ser re"!)#&(!*! )&( "&s )&e6)#e('es *e "! e)!)#+( es'e.#&$e'r#!< e9)e%'& s# "! re!))#+( &)rre e( (! s&"! e'!%!0
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QUÍMICA INORGÁNICA
7AC!OR%' QU% IN7LU+%N %N LA &%LOCI*A* *% R%ACCI)N S&( "!s s#=#e('es>
La conc,ntraci0n conc,ntraci0n A $!1& $!1&rr )&()e( )&()e('r 'r!)#+ !)#+( ( *e "&s re!), re!),& &s< s< $!1&r $!1&r ser ser "! %r&b! %r&b!b#" b#"#*! #*!* * *e .e se %r&*:)!( )&.es e('re ss %!rH)"!s< es *e)#r )!(*& !$e('! "! )&()e('r!)#+( *e "&s re!),&s< !$e('!r "! e"&)#*!* *e re!))#+(0 ∆[ ] → ↑ ∆
↑
La t,m3,ratura A" !$e('!r "! 'e$%er!'r!< e" $&#$#e('& *e "!s %!rH)"!s es $s r%#*& %&r "& )!" se %r&*)e( $s )&.es< !*e$s "!s %!rH)"!s ,e(e( $!1&r e(er=/! )#(8,)! 1 %&r '!('& "&s )&.es s&( $s e6)!)es< es *e)#r s# "! 'e$%er!'r! !$e('! !$e('! "! e"&)#*!* *e re!))#+( !$e('!0 ↑
∆ →↑∆
Lo4 cata/i8a.or,4 cata/i8a.or,4 S&( ss'! ss'!()#! ()#!ss .e !$e( !$e('!( '!( & *#s$#( *#s$#(1e 1e( ( )&(s#* )&(s#*er er!b" !b"e$e e$e(' ('ee "! e"&)# e"&)#*!* *!* *e re!))#+( s#( #('er;er#r e( "! ;&r$!)#+( *e "&s %r&*)'&s< es'&s )!'!"#:!*&res (& se )&(s$e( *r!('e "! re!))#+( ./$#)!0
R%ACCI)N *%L 9IO + Na;'O
-
-
L&s re!))#&(!('es e;e),&s e;e),&s s&( e" #&( 1&*!'& IO 4 5 1 e" #&( b#s"6'& 7SO 4 50 L! re!))#+( %e*e re%rese('!rse %&r "! e)!)#+(> − − − 3
+ 3
3
→ + 3
4
−
E" 1&*!'& (& )&(s$#*& e( e" %!s& !('er#&r re!))#&(! )&( e" 1&*r& %!r! ;&r$!r 1&*&< .e e( %rese()#! *e b#s"6'& es re*)#*& ! 1&*r&0 5 − + 6 + + +
2
− 3
− 3
+
2
→32 +32 −
→2 +
2− 4
+3
+
−
E" !"$#*+( .e se s! )&$& #(*#)!*&r *e "! re!))#+( ;&r$! ( )&$%"e& )&( e" 2 %er& "! re!))#+( 2 → < %&r !))#+( *e" b#s"6'& es $s r%#*! .e "! *e ;&r$!)#+( *e" − )&$%"e& 2 − almidón 1< %&r "& '!('&< se %r&*)e !s'! .e e" b#s"6'& se !=&'! 1< e( es'e $&$e('& se #(#)#! "! ;&r$!)#+( *e" )&$%"e& *e )&"&r !:"-(e=r&0
LABORATORIO N° 2> CINÉTICA QUÍMICA
PÁGINA 4
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QUÍMICA INORGÁNICA III#
ILIOGRA7ÍA 0
Br&J( &J( Te Te&* &*&r &ree L0< L0< Q/$ Q/$#) #)!0 !0 L! )#e( )#e()# )#!! )e( )e('r 'r!" !" E*#'&r#!" Pers&( E*)!)#+(< 2FF50
20
R!1$&(* C!(=< Q/$#)!< $! e*0< F 40 M89#)&> E*#'&r#!" M)Gr!J-7#""0 M)Gr!J-7#""0 I('er!$er#)!(! I('er!$er#)!(! e*#'&res S0A< 2FF250 2F F250
40
G#"ber' 0 0 C!s C!s''e""!(< # #s#)&./$#)!< 2*! e*0< 0 M89#)&> E*#'&r#!" A**#s&( es"e1 #ber&!$er#)!(! S0A< K50
0
70 S)& S)& &= &="e "err< E"e E"e$e $e(' ('&s &s *e *e #(= #(=e( e(#e #er/ r/!! *e *e "!s "!s re!) re!))#& )#&(e (ess ./ ./$# $#)! )!s< s< '! e*0< F K0 M89#)&> E*#'&r#!" Pers&( E*)!)#+(< 2FF50
0
O)' O)'!e !e Le Lee( e(s% s%#e #e"< "< I(= I(=e( e(#e #er/ r/!! *e "!s "!s re! re!)) ))#& #&(e (ess ./ ./$# $#)! )!s< s< 4r! e*0< 4 40 M89#)&> E*#'&r#!" L#$s! #"e1< 2FF50
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(AR!% %< %,cto ., /a conc,ntraci0n ,n /a ,/oci.a. ., r,acci0n# -
Se ,e(e 'b&s *e e(s!1& *e 22 $L r&'"!*&s !< b< )< *< e50
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A!*#r )&( (! %#%e'!< 20 $L *e "! s&")#+( *e 1&*!'& *e %&'!s#& 3IO 45 F0 M !" 'b& *e e(s!1& =r!(*e r&'"!*& )&( "! "e'r! W!X0
-
Le=& !!*#r 20F $L< 0 $L< 0F $L 1 F0 $L e( "&s 'b&s *e e(s!1& =r!(*es r&'"!*&s res'!('es res'!('es b< )< * 1 e res%e),!$e('e 1 )&$%"e'!r )&( !=! *es,"!*! !s'! 20 $L0 Nota: Verter Verter un poco agua deslada de la piseta al vaso de precipitado y ulizarla.
!ab/a ?# &o/6m,n,4 &o/6m,n,4 ., /o4 r,aco4 ,n ca.a tubo#
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C&( "! !1*! *e" *&)e('e & !s#s'e('e *e "!b&r!'&r#& *e Q/$#)!< !!*#r F =&'!s *e )#*& ;&s;+r#)& 2 M ! "&s 'b&s *e e(s!1& *e 22 $L .e )&(,e(e( "!s s&")#&(es *e 3IO40
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A!*#r =&'!s *e s&")#+( *e !"$#*+( e( )!*! 'b& *e e(s!1& *e $L .e )&(,e(e 20 $L *e "! s&")#+( N!7SO 4 1! $e*#*&s 1 e('re=!*&s e('re=!*&s %&r e" !s#s'e('e0 !s#s'e('e0
-
Ver'er "!s s&")#&(es *e "&s 'b&s *e e(s!1& *e $L )&( N!7SO 4 ! "&s 'b&s *e e(s!1& *e 22 $L )&( 3IO 40 E$%#e)e %&r e" %r#$er %!r *e 'b&s #(*#)!*& %&r e" %r&;es&r0 %r&;es&r0
IM(OR!AN!%: IM(OR!AN!%: No o/i.ar u4ar ,/ ta30n a/ mom,nto ., Bomo5,ni8ar# Bomo5,ni8ar# No intro.ucir com3/,tam,nt, com3/,tam,nt, ,/ ta30n ,n ,/ tubo ., ,n4a-o -a qu, 3o.ría qu,.ar ata4ca.o# -
T&$!r e" ,e$%& *es*e e" #(s'!('e e( .e "!s s&")#&(es e('r!( e( )&('!)'& !s'! .e
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QUÍMICA INORGÁNICA
&#
(ROC%*IMI%N!O *% *% MA MAN%$O *% *% R% R%'I*UO'
U(! e: )"$#(!*! "! %r),)! *e "!b&r!'&r#&< )&( !1*! *e" *&)e('e se %r&)e*er ! "! #*e(,6)!)#+( 1 se=re=!)#+( *e "&s res#*&s =e(er!*&s ee$%"&> res#*&s ./$#)&s 1& res#*&s s+"#*&s5 %!r! s $!(e&< se=( se *e'!""! ! )&(,(!)#+(>
a# R,4i R,4i.u .uo4 o4 quím químic ico4 o4:: -
Ver'er e" res#*& .e )&(,e(e( "&s 'b&s *e e(s!1& e( e" s#s'e$! !r$!*& .e se e()e('r! *e('r& *e "! )!b#(! e9'r!)'&r! *e =!ses & e( "! $es! #(*#)!*! %&r e" *&)e('e0
-
A=re=!r %e.e!s !"/)&'!s *e !=! *es,"!*! ! "&s 'b&s *e e(s!1& ! $&*& *e e(!=e< !=#'!r 1 er'er !" s#s'e$! !r$!*&0
-
Re%e,r e" %r&)e*#$#e('& + 2 e)es s# ;er! (e)es!r#&0
Nota: Us!r "! $e(&r )!(,*!* *e !=!0
b# R,4i R,4i.u .uo4 o4 '0/i '0/i.o .o4: 4:
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Se=( "!s #(*#)!)#&(es *e" *&)e('e se re!"#:!r "! se=re=!)#+( *e "&s res#*&s s+"#*&s e( "&s '!)&s )&rres%&(*#e('es %!r! s re)&"e))#+(0
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QUÍMICA INORGÁNICA
R%(OR!% *% LAORA!ORIO *% INORGÁNICA (RÁC!ICA 2: CIN"!ICA QUÍMICA#
(RO7%'OR: &íctor An.ré4 AcuDa Rui8 7%C;A: 2EFE?
NHM%RO *% M%'A: ?
;ORARIO: F: E : 3#m IN!%GRAN!%': A3,//i.o4 - Nombr,4
A3,//i.o4 - Nombr,4
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QUÍMICA INORGÁNICA
II# II# CONC CONCLLU'IO U'ION% N%': ':
0 L!s s&")#&(e s&")#&(ess $es'r!( $es'r!( (! (! !r#!)#+( !r#!)#+( *e "! "! re!))#+( re!))#+( e( ;()#+( ;()#+( *e" ,e$%& ,e$%&
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