LABORATORIO DE PRECISIÓN Y EXACTITUD EN LA MEDIDA Parte 1

 

AJNL^JVL^BL FM X^MIBYBÙK R MTJIVBV]F MK AJ GMFBFJ

Xrmsmktjfl plr0 IJGBAJ JKF^MJ J^MKJY @DLKJVJK YVDVB Z]MYJFJ RM^AR VJVBJKJ FMAEJFL

Xrmsmktjfl j0 DJKY IJYV^L

IL^XL^JIBÙK ]KBSM^YBVJ^BJ FMA D]BAJ IL^D]BAJ Z]ÇGBIJ JGNBMKVJA KMBSJ-D]BAJ >8:5

 

LN@MVBSLY 

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 Jprmkfmr ma usl fm aj njajkzj fbebtja y fm jaeukls bkstrugmktls fm gmfbibùk gmfbibùk fm vlaðgmkms. Mkilktrjr aj prmibsbùk fm aj gmfbfj. Ijaiuajr prlgmfbls y fmsvbjibùk mstêkfjr

 

X^LIMFBGBMKVL   :. Xrmibsbùk fm aj gmfbfj mk ukj njajkzj fbebtja Mkibmkfj aj njajkzj. Xùkejaj mk imrl. Xmsm trms vmims aj glkmfj :88 pmsls jkltm vjalrms. ^mpbtj ma prlimfbgbmktl ilk aj glkmfj fm =8 y ilk ma nltùk >. Xrmibsbùk fm aj gmfbfj fm uk mramkgmymrk l vjsl prmibpbtjfl. Aamkm uk mramkgmymrk l vjsl prmibpbtjfl djstj =8ga ilk jeuj fmstbajfj. Vrjsvjsm ma açqubfl j ukj prlnmtj fm :88 ga. ¼Iuêktl gjriù< ^mpbtj ma prlimfbgbmktl 9 vmims. 9. Xrmibsbùk mk aj gmfbfj fm ukj pbpmtj Vlgm uk vlaugmk fmtmrgbkjfl fm jeuj ilk ukj pbpmtj. Kl pbpmtmm ilk aj nlij usm aj pmrj. Vrjsvjsm ma ilktmkbfl fm aj pbpmtj j aj prlnmtj. ^mpbtj ma prlimfbgbmktl trms vmims ilk ma gbsgl vlaugmk fm jeuj. Jkltm als vjalrms 6. Mxjitbtuf mk aj gmfbfj Vlgm ukj pbpmtm uk pmqumúl vlaugmk fm jeuj (>-= ga) y pmsm msm ijktbfjf mk aj njajkzj (usm uk vjsl fm prmibpbtjfl pjrj mstm pjsl). Ijaiuam aj fmksbfjf fma jeuj usjkfl aj rmajibùk f7g/S. Gbfj aj tmgpmrjturj fma jgnbmktm mk ma ajnlrjtlrbl y jkùtmaj.

 

 

I]MYVBLKJ^BL

:. Gjtmrbja

Xmsl

Glkmfj fm :88

  Aj glkmfj sm pmsù 9

vmims fjkfl ma gbsgl rmsuatjfl.  =,= e

^msuatjfl =,= + =,= + =,= Õ

7

7=,=

9

=,= ’ =,= 7 8

Fmsvbjibùk Fmsvbjibù k mstêkfjr0

( 8 )> ( 8 )> (8 )> ∐  Y7 78 9 ∞:

  Glkmfj fm =8

Aj glkmfj sm pmsù 9 vmims fjkfl ma gbsgl rmsuatjfl. 6,8 e 

Õ

7

6,8 + 6,8 + 6,8 9

7 6,8

6,8 ’ 6,8 7 8

Fmsvbjibùk mstêkfjr0

( 8 )> ( 8 )> (8 )> ∐  Y7 78 9 ∞:

Nltùk Aj glkmfj sm pmsù 9 vmims fjkfl ma gbsgl rmsuatjfl.

Õ

7

8,= + 8,= + 8,= 9

6,8 ’ 6,8 7 8 Fmsvbjibùk mstêkfjr0

∐ ( 8 ) ( 8 ) (8 ) 78 Y7 >

8,= e 

 

78,=

9

>

∞:

>

 

9. Als vjalrms fm prmibsbùk slk =8ga mk ma Mramkgmymr y =9 ga mk aj nurmtj. Ma ln`mtl fm gmfbibùk gês prmibsl ms aj nurmtj plrqum maaj gbfm gbaçgmtrl plr  gbaçgmtrl y mstê fbsmújfl pjrj gmfbr vlaðgmkms mxjitls, ma Mramkgmymr tlgj gmfbfjs ijfj =8ga y kl tlgj gmfbfjs fm vlaðgmkms mxjitls. 6. Fmksbfjf fma jeuj j 94¸I Sjalr tmùrbil7 8,229e/ig9 Sjalrms mxpmrbgmktja7:,8e/ig9 Mrrlr7Srmja-Sjprlxbgjfl * :88   Sjalr rmja Mrrlr7Stmrlrbil-Smxpmrbgmktja * :88   Sjalr tmùrbil Mrrlr78,229e/ig9-:,8 e/ig9 x :88   8,229e/ig Mrrlr 7 8,85%

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^mibpbmktm fm slal…… gjsj 7 22,= e ^mibpbmktm + D>L………gjsj 7 :8>,8 e Gjsj fma jeuj …………………..7 :8>,8 e -22,=e   >,=e F7g 7 >,=e 7:e/ga S >,=e  

Ma ijgnbl fma vjalr mxpmrbgmktja j tmùrbil sm fj plrqum sm sugj aj tmgpmrjturj y sm ilkvbmrtm mk jael gês prmibsl.

 

=. Cumktms fm mrrlr    Xrmibsbùk fm aj gmfbfj fm ukj njajkzj fbebtja. Mk iujktl su mxjitb mxjitbtuf tuf y su prmibsbùk ms kmimsjrbl ijabnrjr aj njajkzj fbebtja pjrj lntmkmrr rmsuat lntmkm rmsuatjfls jfls ilkcbjna ilkcbjnams, ms, mk ma mxpmrbgmktl mxpmrbgmktl kl dunl vjrbji vjrbjibùk bùk mk ma pmsl fm als trms ijsls. Xrmibsbùk fm aj gmfbfj fm uk Mramkgmymr l uk vjsl prmibpbtjfl Kl mxbstm prmibsbùk mk ma Mramkgmymr, yj qum ja glgmktl fm gmfbr als =8ga fm jeuj fmstbajfj, sm pjsù aj gbsgj gmfbfj j aj nurmtj qum sb ms uk ln`mtl fm gmfbibùk prmibsl y su rmsuatjfl cum =9ga.