Laboratorio Ciclo de Carnot

 

VBOTFQ[OIMI BMKOEBML IF YQVJOLLE DMKVLYMI IF OBNFBOFQÈM HFYMLÚQNOKM  

Lmaermteroe B³ 3; “KOKLE IF KMQBEY‘. 

=.  Eajftoves =.=. 

Iftfrhobmr les vmlerfs if prfsoûb, veluhfb y tfhpfrmturm mplokmbie fl Kokle if Kmrbet

=.1. 

Qfmlozmr fl nrídoke if Kmrbet.

=.;. 

Obtfrprftmr les rfsultmies eatfboies.

1.  Dubimhfbte Yfûroke 1.=. 

Obtreiukkoûb [f ifdobf kokle if Kmrbet kehe ub prekfse kèkloke rfvfrsoalf quf utolozm ub nms pfrdfkte y quf kebstm if ies trmbsderhmkoebfs osetïrhokms y ies miomaítokms.

Lm rfprfsfbtmkoûb nrídokm ifl kokle if Kmrbet fb ub iomnrmhm p-T fs fl sonuofbtf

=

 

VBOTFQ[OIMI BMKOEBML IF YQVJOLLE DMKVLYMI IF OBNFBOFQÈM HFYMLÚQNOKM  

 

Yrmhe M-A osetfrhm m lm tfhpfrmturm Y=

 

Yrmhe A-K miomaítokm

 

Yrmhe K-I osetfrhm m lm tfhpfrmturm Y1

 

Yrmhe I-M miomaítokm

Fb kumlquofr kokle, tfbfhes quf eatfbfr m pmrtor if les imtes obokomlfs: =.  Lm prfsoûb, veluhfb if kmim ube if les vïrtokfs. 1.  Fl trmamje, fl kmler y lm vmromkoûb if fbfrnèm obtfrbm fb kmim ubm if les  prekfses. ;.  Fl trmamje tetml, fl kmler maseraoie, fl kmler kfioie y fl rfbiohofbte ifl kokle.

Les imtes obokomlfs seb les quf donurmb fb lm tmalm mijubtm. M pmrtor if fstes imtes, gfhes if rfllfbmr les gufkes if lm tmalm.

Tmromalfs Srfsoûb p (mth)

M

A

K

I

 M 

Teluhfb T (lotres) T  M 

T  A 

Yfhpfrmturm Y  (@)  (@) Y = 

Y = 

1

Y 1 

Y 1 

 

VBOTFQ[OIMI BMKOEBML IF YQVJOLLE DMKVLYMI IF OBNFBOFQÈM HFYMLÚQNOKM  

1.1. 

Dûrhulms miokoebmlfs m fhplfmr Smrm eatfbfr lms vmromalfs y hmnbotuifs ifskebekoims fhplfmrfhes lms dûrhulms quf donurmb fb fl kumire-rfsuhfb if lms trmbsderhmkoebfs tfrheiobíhokms.

1.1.=.  Yrmbsderhm Yrmbsderhmkoûb koûb M

A (Osetfrhokm)

Lm prfsoûb S  A sf kmlkulm m pmrtor if lm fkumkoûb ifl nms oifml SA x TA8bQY=  Tmromkoûb if fbfrnèm obtfrbm ΙVM↑A 8 3 Yrmamje ^M↑A8b.Q.Y=.lbTA/TM  Kmler ]M↑A 8 ^M↑A 

1.1.1.  Yrmbsderhm Yrmbsderhmkoûb koûb A

K (miomaítokm)

Lm fkumkoûb if fstmie miomaítokm fs λ

S.T  8 ktf E aofb. YTλ∑=8ktf [f ifspfjm TK if lm fkumkoûb if lm miomaítokm: Y=. TA λ∑= 8 Y1. TK λ∑=  Kebekoie TK y Y1 sf eatofbf Sk, m pmrtor if lm fkumkoûb ifl nms oifml, SK x TK 8 bQY1  Kmler ]A↑K83 Tmromkoûb if fbfrnèm obtfrbm ΙVA↑K8bkv (Y1∑Y=) (Y1∑Y=)   Yrmamje ^A↑K A↑K  8 ∑ΙVA↑K 

1.1.;.  Yrmbsderhm Yrmbsderhmkoûb koûb K

I (Osetfrhokm)

Tmromkoûb if fbfrnèm obtfrbm ΙVK↑I 8 3 Yrmamje ^K↑I8b.Q.Y1.lb(TI/TK) Kmler ]K↑I 8 ^K↑I 

1.1.9.  Yrmbsderhm Yrmbsderhmkoûb koûb I

M (miomaítokm)

[f ifspfjm TI if lm fkumkoûb if lm miomaítokm: Y=. TM λ∑= 8 Y1. TI λ∑=  ;

 

VBOTFQ[OIMI BMKOEBML IF YQVJOLLE DMKVLYMI IF OBNFBOFQÈM HFYMLÚQNOKM  

Kebekoie TI y Y1 sf eatofbf SI, m pmrtor if lm fkumkoûb ifl nms oifml, SI x TI 8 bQY1  Kmler ]I↑M83 Tmromkoûb if fbfrnèm obtfrbm ΙVI↑M8bkv (Y1∑Y=) Yrmamje ^I↑M 8 ∑ΙVI↑M  M pmrtor if lms fkumkoebfs if lms ies miomaítokms, preamhes quf lm rflmkoûb fbtrf les velúhfbfs if les vïrtokfs fs:

 

 8

 

 

Fl kokle kehplfte:

Tmromkoûb if lm fbfrnèm obtfrbm: ΙV 8 ΙVA↑K + ΙVI↑M 8 3 Fb ub prekfse kèkloke rfvfrsoalf lm vmromkoûb if fbfrnèm obtfrbm fs kfre

Yrmamje

Kmler Fb lm osetfrhm Y= sf maseraf kmler ] 2 3 ym quf TA 2 TM if heie quf ]mas8b.Q.Y=.lb

 

 



Fb lm osetfrhm Y1 sf kfif kmler ] < 3 ym quf TI.6 mth

1.64 mth

6.=; mth

Teluhfb(L)

9L

7L

=6.1; L

>.4= L

Yfhpfrmturm

963 @

963 @

1?; @

1?; @

KS 8 KT + Q  

KT 8 ;Q/1

KS 8 ;Q/1 +Q 8 6Q/1 ɫ 8

 

/



 8 / 8  

SM TM 8 Q YM b









ɫ - = 8  ‛   ‛  =  = 8

 

  

 8 Qb









Qb8

M ↑ A TMSM8TASA  (9L) (=6mth) 8 (7L) (SA)

SA8>.6 mth

6

 8

 

 

VBOTFQ[OIMI BMKOEBML IF YQVJOLLE DMKVLYMI IF OBNFBOFQÈM HFYMLÚQNOKM  

A ↑ K λ∑= = λ∑= = YA TK λ∑ 8 YK TK λ∑  

(963@) (7L)1/; 8 (1?;@) (TK)1/;

Tk 8 =6.1; L Srfsoûb if K SK TK 8 YK Qb  

SK 8

    

.

 8 1.64 mth

I ↑ M λ∑= = λ∑= YI TI λ∑ 8 YM TM λ∑=  

(1?; @) (TI)1/; 8 (963@) (9L)1/; 

TI 8 >.4= L Srfsoûb if I SK TK 8 YK Qb  

SK 8

    

.

=.1. 

 8 6.=; mth

Qfmlozmr fl nrídoke ifl kokle if Kmrbet.

KOKLE IF KMQBEY =4 =9 =1

    )    h=3    t    m     (    b 7     û    o    s    f    r 4    S 9 1 3 3

1

9

4

7

Teluhfb (L)

4

=3

=1

=9

=4

 

VBOTFQ[OIMI BMKOEBML IF YQVJOLLE DMKVLYMI IF OBNFBOFQÈM HFYMLÚQNOKM  

=.;. 

Obtfrprftmr les rfsultmies eatfboies

ΙVM↑A 8 3 ^M↑A 8b Q YM Lb (TA/TM)

^M↑A 8

    



. 

 (963`) Lb(

) x .    

^M↑A 8 91=9 J 8 9.1=9 `J Kmler ]M↑A 8 ^M↑A M↑A 8  8 9.1=9 `J Kmler ]A↑ A↑K K83 (Y1∑Y=)   ΙVA↑K ↑K  8 b KT (Y1∑Y=) ΙVA↑K (1?;` ‛  963`)  963`) ↑K 8  8 b(;Q/1) (1?;` ‛  ΙVA↑K 8

1 . =6 

;

=3=.;16 

1

= .= 

 x  x (-=6>`) x (

)

ΙVA↑K 8 - ;=7=.436 J 8 -;.=71 `J Yrmamje ^A↑K 8 ∑ΙV ∑ΙVA↑K 8 - (-;.=71 `J) 8 ;.=71 `J 

ΙVK↑I 8 3 Yrmamje ^K↑I K↑I  8 b.Q.Y1.lb(TI/TK) Yrmamje ^K↑I K↑I  8

1.

>.4=

=6

=6.1;

.lb(

=3=.;16 

)x(

= .= 

)

Yrmamje ^K↑I 8 -1>94.;>9 J 8 - 1.>94 `J Kmler ]K↑I 8 ^K↑I K↑I  8 -1.>94 `J 

Kmler ]I↑M83 ΙVI↑M8 bkv (Y1∑Y=) ΙVI↑M8 b(;Q/1) (963` -1?;`) ΙVI↑M8

1  =6

;

=3=.;16

1

= .= 

 x  x (=6>`) x (

)

ΙVI↑M8 ;=7=.436 J 8 ;.=71 `J

Yrmamje ^I↑M 8 ∑ΙV ∑ΙVI↑M8 -(;.=71`J) 8 -;.=71 `J

TMQOMKOÛB IF LM FBFQNÈM OBYFQBM: ΙV 8 ΙVA↑K + ΙVI↑M 8 3 ΙV 8 ;.=71 `J - ;.=71`J 8 3

>

 

VBOTFQ[OIMI BMKOEBML IF YQVJOLLE DMKVLYMI IF OBNFBOFQÈM HFYMLÚQNOKM  

YQMAMJE ^tetml 8 ^M↑A + ^A↑K + ^K↑I + ^I↑M  - ;.=71 `J - 1.>94 `J - ;.=71 `J 8 =.947 `J ^tetml 8 9.1=9 `J -  KMLEQ ]tetml 8 ]M↑A + ]A↑K + ]K↑I + ]I↑M I↑M   ]tetml 8 9.1=9 `J + 3  - 1.>94 `J + 3 ]tetml 8 =.947 `J QFBIOHOFBYE: 

bk 8 (= -  )x =33 8 ;9.7?% 9.  Qfsultmies y ioskusoûb Lm vmromkoûb if lm fbfrnèm obtfrbm sofhprf sfrí kfre ym quf lm fbfrnèm obtfrbm ifl fstmie obokoml y dobml seb les hoshe, pfre keb sonbe iodfrfbtf. Fb fl kokle if Kmrbet sofhprf tfbirí ub kmler iftfrhobmie y ub trmamje quf ifpfbifb if lms ies tfhpfrmturms m lm kuml fstí sehftoie fb fl sostfhm. Fb lm fxpmbsoûb osetïrhokm y kehprfbsoûb osetïrhokm fvoifbkomhes quf fstf veluhfb sf fxpmbif fl iealf y quf ml kehprohorsf osetïrhokmhfbtf fs lm hotmi. Fs ifkor, quf fb su fxpmbsoûb y kehprfsoûb so fs osetïrhokm e miomaítokm sf fxpmbif fl iealf y sf kehprohf gmstm lm hotmi.

6.  Kebklusoebfs y rfkehfbimk rfkehfbimkoebfs oebfs Lm fbfrnèm obtfrbm fb ub kokle if Kmrbet fs

kfre. 

Les prekfses osetïrhokes sf rfmlozm m ubm tfhpfrmturm kebstmbtf y les prekfses miomaítokes tofbfb ub kmler onuml m 3.

4.  Aoaloenrmdèm gttps://bo`elmsauotrmnej.weriprfss.ke gttps://bo`elmsauo trmnej.weriprfss.keh/tfrkfr-kertf/kebsultms/koklesh/tfrkfr-kertf/kebsultms/koklestfrheiobmhokes/kokle-if-kmrbet/ gttp://www.jubtmifmbimlukom.fs/mvfrrefs/kfbtrestok/1=>331?3/gflvom/mulm/mrkgoves/rfpesoteroe/3/99/gthl/kmrbet.gthl  7