Laboratorio CES Edupack

 

 

Tckvdrskaia ad Wicticadr TADW Rrm`rioi ad Kc`dckdrïi Kcaustrkie GKDCGKI AD EMW OIQD^KIEDW Rrmf: Ndehys Rmem Gionrmcdee  

Einmritmrkm ad oitdrkieds

Oicuie ad Einmritmrkm Vkrtuie

Gkdcgki ad ems Oitdrkieds

 

 

Tckvdrskaia ad Wicticadr TADW Rrm`rioi ad Kc`dckdrïi Kcaustrkie GKDCGKI AD EMW OIQD^KIEDW Rrmf: Ndehys Rmem Gionrmcdee  

Einmritmrkm ad oitdrkieds

Rrdsdctiam pmr: Ndroúadz Gmrtës Icardi Auqud Viggi Finkéc @utkërrdz Ldrr÷c Citieki Od ïi Nri Nrivm vm Oirïi Oirïi ^msi

 

Tckvdrskaia ad Wicticadr TADW

 

Rrm`rioi ad Kc`dckdrïi Kcaustrkie GKDCGKI AD EMW OIQD^KIEDW Rrmf: Ndehys Rmem Gionrmcdee  

Einmritmrkm ad oitdrkieds

Gmctdckam ............................. ............................. ............................. .............................................. ............................... 7 Rrdsdctigk÷c ad gmopmcdctd prégtkgm..............

Rrigtkgi Cm >. Rrmpkdaiads Odgéckgis ad ems oitdrkieds ad kc`dckdrïi ................................7 .............................. ............................. ............................. ............................. ............................. .................................... ......................1 .1 Adsgrkpgk÷c ad ei prégtkgi............... .............................. ............................. ............................. .............................. ............................. ............................. ............................. ........................ .......... 4 ^dgmodcaigk÷c ............... .............................. ............................. ............................. .............................. ............................. ............................. ............................. ............................. ................. .. 4 Odtmamem`ïi............... ............................. ............................. ............................. ............................. .............................. ............................. .................................... ...................... 4 Fmroi ad trinijm................ ............................ .............................. ............................. ............................. .............................. ............................. ..........................................4 ............................4 Rrmgdakokdctm. .............

 

Tckvdrskaia ad Wicticadr TADW

 

Rrm`rioi ad Kc`dckdrïi Kcaustrkie GKDCGKI AD EMW OIQD^KIEDW Rrmf: Ndehys Rmem Gionrmcdee  

Einmritmrkm ad oitdrkieds

Rrdsdctigk÷c ad gmopmcdctd prégtkgm Dstuakictd 9. ^di ^diekzi ekzigk÷c gk÷c ad ei ei prégtk prégtkgi gi vkrtu vkrtuie ie sd`úc de prmtmgmem Deinmrigk÷c ade kcfmrod Cúodrm y cmonrd ad ei prégtkgi

Amgdctd Wd`ukokdctm ade prmgdsm Dvieuigk÷c, smgkiekzigk÷c y rd`kstrm ad ei cmti dc de skstdoi

Mnjdtkvms Kctrmauggk÷c Oirgm Qd÷rkgm Oitdrkieds utkekziams ^dsuetiams y aksgusk÷c Gudstkmcirkm Gmcgeuskmcds ^dfdrdcgkis

Rrigtkgi Cm >. Rrmpkdaiads Odgéckgis Odgéckgis ad ems oitdrkieds ad kc`dckdrïi Qkpm ad prégtkgi Rrdsdcgkie Mtr trii ½ ½G Guée Rmrgdctijd ad dvieuigk÷c

Iutmakrk`kai

  ^domti

Wkoueiam >2%

Lmris ad ei prégtkgi

72 okcutms

Qdoétkgis ad eeii prégtkgi

Odakr ie` Odakr ie`uc ucis is prmpkd prmpkdai aiad ads s odgéc odgéckgi kgis s y fïskgi fïskgis s ad oitdrkieds ad kc`dckdrïi

Kctdcgkmciekaiads fmroitkvis

R^MR×WKQMW 

Ak Akfd fdrd rdcg cgki kirr pr prmp mpkd kdai aiad ads s dspdgïfkgis.

fïsk fïskgi gis s

`d `dcd cdri ried eds s

y

 

Tckvdrskaia ad Wicticadr TADW

 

Rrm`rioi ad Kc`dckdrïi Kcaustrkie GKDCGKI AD EMW OIQD^KIEDW Rrmf: Ndehys Rmem Gionrmcdee  

Einmritmrkm ad oitdrkieds 

 Iprdcadrr i rdiekzir  Iprdcad rdiekzir `réfkgms y i kctdrprdtirems. kctdrprdtirems.

MNJDQKVM @DCD^IE Odakr eis prmp Odakr prmpkda kdaia iads ds odgé odgéckg ckgis is ad oitdr oitdrkie kieds ds ad kc`dckdrïi

ODQIW Yud ems dstuakictds, sd fiokekirkgdc gmc ei odakgk÷c ad O÷aue O÷a uem m ad [muc [muc`, `, ekoktd ekoktd deéstk deéstkgm, gm, y ad adcsk cskai aia a ad ems oitdrkieds ad kc`dckdrïi.

GMORDQDCGKIW  Iaqukrkr adstrdzi dc odakgkmcds odakgkmcds prmpkdaiads prmpkdaiads ad ems oitdrkieds ad kc`dckdrïi.

Adsgrkpgk÷c ad ei prégtkgi Dsti prégtkgi sd akvkakré dc ams pirtds: 



Ei prkodr prkodri i sd adakg adakgiré iré piri piri qud qud de ds dstua tuakic kictd td rd rdgmc gmcmz mzgi gi ems ak akfdr fdrdc dctds tds oitdrkieds ad kc`dckdrïi y sus prmpkdaiads. Dc ei sd`u sd`uca cai, i, ad adnd nd rdie rdiekz kzir ir de kcfm kcfmro rod d dsgr dsgrkt ktm m sd`ú sd`úc c de ic icdx dxm m ad dstd dstd amguodctm.

^dgursms i utkekzir dc ei prégtkgi (Dqukpms / kcstruodctms) Dqukpm ad gmoputm gmc gmcdxk÷c i kctdrcdt.

Wmftwird i utkekzir dc ei prégtkgi u mtrm tkpm ad rdqudrkokdctm piri de adsirrmeem ad ei prégtkgi    

Wmftwird QDIO vkdwdr: lttps://www.tdiovkdwdr.gmo/ds/adsgir`i/wkcamws/ Wmftwird GDW Daupigh: Wd gmcdgtiré pmr odakm rdomtm

 

Tckvdrskaia ad Wicticadr TADW

 

Rrm`rioi ad Kc`dckdrïi Kcaustrkie GKDCGKI AD EMW OIQD^KIEDW Rrmf: Ndehys Rmem Gionrmcdee  

Einmritmrkm ad oitdrkieds

^dgmodcaigk÷c Edi Edi adtd adtdcka ckaiod iodct ctd d de prmtmg prmtmgmem mem ad trini trinijm jm pi piri ri rd rdiek iekzi zirr uc trini trinijm jm dc dq dqukp ukpm m skstdoétkgm y gmldrdctd.

Odtmamem`ïi Gmcmgkokdctms prdvkms piri de adsirrmeem ad ei prégtkgi. ^dvksir ems vkadms gmopirtkams pmr de amgdctd piri de usm ade smftwird GDW Daupigh. lttps://www.ymutund.gmo/witgl=v?2zTsQqdiq\D lttps://www.ymutund.gmo/witgl=v?RPtzA[4;wZIaefIK&t?s [ icdxm RAF @DQWQIDW91

Fmroi ad trinijm. DYTKRMW AD Q^INIJM, ^DVKWI^ ICD\M RI^I @^TRMW AD Q^INIJM

Rrmgdakokdctm. RI^QD K. Odakgk÷c ade o÷auem ad [muc` ad ems oitdrkieds ad kc`dckdrïi Kc`rds Kc` rdsica icam m ie Edvde 9. @rifkgir ems viemrds ade O÷auem ad [muc` ad ems oitdrkieds (Gdréokgms y vkarkms, Lynrkams, Odtieds y Rmeïodrms) dc de djd [, y eedcir ei tinei 9. Qmod uc pictieeizm ad ei `réfkgi rdsuetictd dc de dspigkm ad ei F k`uri > ade icdxm ad kcfmrod. Li`i gekgh smnrd ems oitdrkieds dc ei `réfgi piri lieeir ems oitdrkieds smekgktiams, y tmod pictieeizm ad eis prmpkdaiads `dcdrieds ad ems oitdrkieds sdedggkmciams piri eedcir ei Qinei 9.

Rrmgdakokdctm piri `rifkgir: ie smftwird GDW Daupigh, Daupigh, kc`rdsd i Edvde Edvde 9  Gekgh 9. Kc`rdsd ad fmroi rdomti ie dc Adspekd`ud Wdedgt frmo  OitdrkieTckvdrsd Edvde Dau 9 >. Wd Wded edgt gtkm kmc c Wt Wti` i`d d  @ripl ‗ prmpkdaiads odgéckgis  djd [ O÷auem ad [muc`

 

 

Tckvdrskaia ad Wicticadr TADW Rrm`rioi ad Kc`dckdrïi Kcaustrkie GKDCGKI AD EMW OIQD^KIEDW Rrmf: Ndehys Rmem Gionrmcdee  

Einmritmrkm ad oitdrkieds

FK@T^I 9. WKOTEIAM^  GDW DATRIGH. GMCWTEQIAM DE 92 AD IN^KE AD >2>2.

RI^QD KK. ^deigk÷c ad eis prmpkdaiads odgéckgis y eis prmpkdaiads tërokgis 9. Wk`ukd Wk`ukdcam cam de oksom oksom prmgdakok prmgdakokdctm dctm piri piri `rifgir, `rifgir, rdiek rdiekgd gd uci `rif `rifgi gi ad prmpkdaia prmpkdaiads ds odgéckgis vdrsus prmpkdaiads tërokgis. (O÷auem ad [muc` Vs puctm ad usk÷c)

 

 

Tckvdrskaia ad Wicticadr TADW Rrm`rioi ad Kc`dckdrïi Kcaustrkie GKDCGKI AD EMW OIQD^KIEDW Rrmf: Ndehys Rmem Gionrmcdee  

Einmritmrkm ad oitdrkieds

>. Vud Vudev evi i i `rifgi `rifgir, r, dsti vdz de O÷auem O÷auem ad [mu [muc` c` Vs Qdopdrit Qdopdrituri uri Oéxkoi Oéxkoi ad sdrv sdrvkgk kgkm). m). Qmod uc pictieeizm ad ei `réfgi mntdckai y pë`udem dc ei Fk` uri 7 y 1. 7. ^d ^die iekg kgd d uc `rifgi `rifgi dc Dxgde Dxgde ad O÷au O÷auem em ad [muc [muc` ` vs  Α  (Qo  ‗ Qos) y i`rd`ud ei eïcdi ad tdcadcgki (kcgeukr dguigk÷c ad ei `réfgi y ^>)

 

Tckvdrskaia ad Wicticadr TADW

 

Rrm`rioi ad Kc`dckdrïi Kcaustrkie GKDCGKI AD EMW OIQD^KIEDW Rrmf: Ndehys Rmem Gionrmcdee  

Einmritmrkm ad oitdrkieds

 

KCFM^OD Cm >: ODAKGK×C AD R^MRKDAIADW ODGÉCKGIW AD EMW OIQD^KIEDW AD KC@DCKD^ÏI. 9. ^DWTODC Dc de prdsdctd kcfmrod sd peictdiréc y iciekziréc ems aitms mntdckams dc eis `réfkgis Adfmroigk÷c vs Qdopdrituri y Omauem ad [muc`. Riri ei djdgugk÷c ad dstd dxpdrkodctm sd gmct÷ gmc uc dqukpm de guie oicdji uc smftwird dspdgkiekziam qud pdroktd ei mntdcgk÷c ad aitms y ei `dcdrigk÷c ad eis `réfkgis ad giai ucm ad ems oitdrkieds i iciekzir.

Dstd kcfmrod ad einmritmrkm sd gdctriré dc de dstuakm ad ie`ucms pmeïodrms amcad sd gmopiri gmopiriré ré ie`ucis ie`ucis virkined virkineds s gmom de ekoktd ekoktd deéstkgm deéstkgm,, rdsk rdskstdc stdcgki, gki, aurdzi, aurdzi, tdopdrituri y de pmrgdctijd ad sd`urkaia eis guieds smc geivd piri adfkckr eis prmpkdaiads odgéckgis, fïskgis, gmopmrtiokdctm tërokgm y girigtdrkzigk÷c ad ei dstrugturi. Ds ad suoi kopmrticgki gmcmgdr eis prmpkdaiads ad ems pmeïodrms adnkam i qud smc iopekiodctd utkekziams dc ei kcaustrki gmom dc ems sdgtmrds ad iekodctms, tdxtke, pdtrmquïokgi, gmsoëtkgi y ad peéstkgms.

>. RI RIEI EIN^ N^IW IW GE GEIV IVDW DW:: Rrmpkdaiads Odgéckgis, Rrmpkdaiads tërokgis, Rmeïodrms.

 

Tckvdrskaia ad Wicticadr TADW

 

Rrm`rioi ad Kc`dckdrïi Kcaustrkie GKDCGKI AD EMW OIQD^KIEDW Rrmf: Ndehys Rmem Gionrmcdee  

Einmritmrkm ad oitdrkieds

7. MN MNJDQ JDQKVM KVM AD EI R^ÉGQK R^ÉGQKGI GI  Iciekzirr eis prkcgkpieds  Iciekzi prkcgkpieds prmpkdaiads prmpkdaiads odgéckgis y tërokgis qud girigtdrkzic girigtdrkzic giai ucm ad ems oitdrkieds mnjdtms ad dstuakm, odakictd de Wmftwird GDW Daupigh, nisiams dc ems aitms cuoërkgms irrmjiams, y dc eis akstkctis `rifkgis qud adfkcdc giai prmpkdaia.

1. Dc KCQ^ KCQ^MA MATG TGGK GK×C ×C dstd kcfmrod sd prdsdctic ems gmcgdptms smnrd gkdcgki ad oitdrkieds, ie`ucis prmpk prm pkda daia iads ds odgéc odgéckgi kgis s y tërok tërokgis gis ad ems oitdr oitdrkie kieds ds,, dspdg dspdgïfk ïfkgi giodc odctd td cm cms s dcfmgirdoms dc ie`ucms pmeïodrms, iucqud akglis prmpkdaiads dstéc prdsdctds dc uci iopeki virkdaia ad oitdrkieds, quë smc y guéeds smc eis girigtdrïstkgis ad eis prudnis prudnis ad adfmroi adfmroigkmc gkmc y ie`ucms ie`ucms ad ems piréodtrms piréodtrms kopmrtictds kopmrtictds qud sd pudadc odakr gmc dstis prudnis. De gmopmrtiokdctm gmopmrtiokdctm ad ems oitdrkieds ds uc tdoi néskgm y ad suprdoi kopmrticgki dc de giopm ad ei kc`dckdrïi, puds cms ai ei piuti piri prdadgkr eis dstrugturis y girigtdrïstkgis girigtdrïs tkgis ad ems akstkctms oitdrkieds oitdrkieds nijm ei iggk÷c ad gir`is ipekgiais smnrd deeis. deei s. Ds gmc gmcmgka mgkam m qud eis girigtdr girigtdrïstk ïstkgis gis odgéckgi odgéckgis s ad giai giai oitdrki oitdrkiee dstéc dstéc dstrdgl dst rdgliodc iodctd td ek`iais ek`iais ie gmcgdpt gmcgdptm m ad dsfu dsfudrzm drzm,, adfmroi adfmroigk÷c gk÷c y tdopdri tdopdrituri turi.. De gm gmcm cmgdr gdr eis gi girig rigtdr tdrïst ïstkgi kgis s odgéc odgéckgi kgis s y të tërok rokgis gis ad ad adtdr tdrokc okcia iam m oitdr oitdrki kiee odakictd ei kctdrprdtigk÷c ad ems rdsuetiams qud irrmjdc de skoueiamr, cms pdroktkré tdcdr uc grktdrkm ad sdedggk÷c y geiskfkgigk÷c gmcfmrod i eis cdgdskaiads qud sd rdqukdric.

 

Tckvdrskaia ad Wicticadr TADW

 

Rrm`rioi ad Kc`dckdrïi Kcaustrkie GKDCGKI AD EMW OIQD^KIEDW Rrmf: Ndehys Rmem Gionrmcdee  

Einmritmrkm ad oitdrkieds De gmc gmcmg mgkok kokdc dctm tm ad eis prmpk prmpkda daia iads ds ad ems oi oitdr tdrkie kieds ds ds fu fuca caiod iodcti ctiee dc ei kc`dckdrïi yi qud pdroktdc aksdùir odjmris piri smeugkmcir akvdrsis sktuigkmcds qud sd pudaic prdsdctir dc eis einmrds gmtkakicis.  Ie fkcie ad dstd kcfmrod sd prdsdctiré uc icéeksks ad eis prmpkdaiads prmpkdaiads odgéckgis y tërokgis dctrd ems akstkctms oitdrkieds utkekziams dc de einmritmrkm.

4. OI OI^G ^GM M QD QD×^ ×^KG KGM. M. 4.9 Rrmpkdaiads o odgéckgis dgéckgis ad eems ms oitdrkieds Eis prkcgkpieds prmpkdaiads odgéckgis ad ems oitdrkieds qud sd mnsdrvic dc de giopm ad eis prudnis ad tdcsk÷c, gmom su cmonrd em kcakgi, smc ei tdcsk÷c, ei adfmroigk÷c, ei gir`i, ei adfmroigk÷c adfmroigk÷c dc sus fmrois peéstkgis y deéstkgi, isï gmom eis girigtdrïstkgis fïskgis ad ems oitdrkieds, tieds gmom de o÷auem ad [muc`, de puctm ad gdadcgki y ei rdskstdcgki oéxkoi ad tdcsk÷c.

4.9.9 4.9 .9 O÷a O÷auem uem ad D Deis eistkg tkgkai kaia a m o÷au o÷auem em a add [m [muc` uc` De o÷auem ad deistkgkaia ds adfkckam gmom ei tdcsk÷c akvkakai pmr ei adfmroigkïc dc ei rd`k rd`k÷c ÷c deés deéstk tkgi gi ad ei gurv gurvi i td tdck ck÷c ÷c-a -adf dfmr mroi oigk gk÷c ÷c (r (rd` d`k÷ k÷c c ekcd ekcdie ie). ). Néskgiodctd, ds ei pdcakdctd ad ei pmrgk÷c ekdcie ad ei gurvi.

4.9.9.9 ^deigk÷c `réfkgi dc de o÷auem ad [muc` De dsfudrzm ds adfkckam gmom ei fudrzi pmr uckaia ad érdi qud smpmrti uc oitdrkie, ds adgkr, sk Ι ds ei sdggk÷c tricsvdrsie ad ei oudstri oitdrkie i dstuakir, i ei guie sd ed djdrgd uci gir`i F, dctmcgds de dsfudrzm ds:

ι ?

 F   I

Eis uckaiads ade dsfudrzm ι  smc  smc

X _X   H` Go

>

,  Ri  Ri _ , X ORi  ORi _ m X Rsk _ .

 

Tckvdrskaia ad Wicticadr TADW

 

Rrm`rioi ad Kc`dckdrïi Kcaustrkie GKDCGKI AD EMW OIQD^KIEDW Rrmf: Ndehys Rmem Gionrmcdee  

Einmritmrkm ad oitdrkieds Dstd dsfudrzm ipekgiam djdrgd uc gionkm dc ei fmroi ade oitdrkie, virkicam su emc`ktua emc` ktua y érdi. érdi. Dstd gionkm gionkm ds ei adfmroigk÷c adfmroigk÷c ( δ ) ade oitdrkie, qud ds uci rdspudsti i eis gir`is djdrgkais, ei guie sd okad pmr odakm ad ei riz÷c dctrd de gionkm ad emc`ktua ( α )  y ei emc`ktua kckgkie kckgkie ( e 2), ds adgkr 

δ?

α  ek∞½ e ? e2 e2

2

½

Amcad e k ds ei emc`ktua fkcie ad ei nirri. Ei adfmroigk÷c pudad sdr deéstkgi m peéstk peé stkgi gi.. Guica Guicam m ds deést deéstkgi kgi,, de oitdr oitdrki kiee ad adfmr fmroi oiam am pu puda dad d vmevdr vmevdr i su gmcfk`urigk÷c mrk`kcie uci vdz qud de dsfudrzm ds suspdcakam. Cm isï gmc ei peéstkgi peés tkgi,, amcad amcad de oitdrkie oitdrkie sufrd sufrd uci adfmroigk÷c adfmroigk÷c pdroicdctd pdroicdctd.. Ei fk`uri fk`uri 9 oudstr ouds tri i uc uci i ke keus ustr trig igk÷ k÷c c am amca cad d sd pu puda dadc dc mn mnsd sdrv rvir ir em ems s ai aitm tms s qu qud d sd odcgkmcirmc:

Fk`uri 9: prmndti ad dcsiym gmc aitms

Ei rdeigk÷c dctrd dstms ams gmcgdptms ds em qud rdieodctd sd utkekzi piri dstuakir de oitdrkie. Dsti rdeigk÷c sd eedvi i ginm odakictd uc aki`rioi ad dsfudrzm v/s adfmroigk÷c.

ι ? D δ D XOpi m Rsk_ ds de o÷auem ad deistkgkaia m ad [muc`, dc ems pmeïodrms iegiczi uc viemr dctrd 0 i 1 x 927 ORi, okdctris qud dc ems odtieds iegiczi iegiczi uc viemr dctrd 1< i 192 x 927 Opi . Dsti zmci deéstkgi ds ekcdie, y gmctkcúi listi de eeioiam eïoktd ad feudcgki χf . I pirtk pirtkrr ad ilï ilï dctri dctri dc uci uci zmci zmci peést peéstkgi kgi,, am amca cad d pd pdqu qudù dùms ms gi gion onkms kms dc de dsfudrzm djdrgkam prmaugdc `ricads adfmroigkmcds. Dc dsti zmci sd iegiczi ei rdskstdcgki oéxkoi i ei tdcsk÷c ( χoix ).

 

 

Tckvdrskaia ad Wicticadr TADW Rrm`rioi ad Kc`dckdrïi Kcaustrkie GKDCGKI AD EMW OIQD^KIEDW Rrmf: Ndehys Rmem Gionrmcdee  

Einmritmrkm ad oitdrkieds Wk sd adji ad djdrgdr ei gir`i, de oitdrkie qudai pdroicdctdodctd pdroicdctdodctd adfmroiam. Eud`m ad sd`ukr igrdgdcticam de dsfudrzm, de érdi aksokcuyd, pmr em qud sd fmroi uci dspdgkd ad gudeem dc ei prmndti.

De érdi qud aksokcuyd smpmrti uci gir`i skdoprd adgrdgkdctd, pmr em qud de aki`rioi sd gurvi ligki inijm. Guicam sd eed`i ie fkc ad ei gurvi, sd eed`i ie puctm dc qud de oitdrkie sd frigturi (rmopd), rdprdsdctiam pmr χr . Ei fmroi ad ei gurvi qud rdeigkmci eis prmpkdaiads odgéckgis gmom de eïodtd deéstkgm deé stkgm ( Opi ), aurdzi aurdzi  LV , rdskstdcgki rdskstdcgki i ei tdcsk÷c tdcsk÷c ( Opi ) dc de o÷auem ad [muc` dsté dstrdgliodctd ek`iai gmc ei dstrugturi ade pmeïodrm.  

4.9. 4. 9.>> Ds Dsfu fudr drzm zm dfdg dfdgtk tkvm vm De gmcgdptm ad dsfudrzm dfdgtkvm fud kctrmaugkam kckgkieodctd pmr Hire Qdrzi`lk (9;>7). Dstd gmcgdptm adsgrknd de dsfudrzm ie guie sd dcgudctri smodtkam ei pirtd s÷ekai ade odakm. Gmcskadricam qud de skstdoi (pmrms y s÷ekam) dsté smodtkam i uc dsfudrzm tmtie, sd pudad gmcgeukr qud pirtd ad dstd dsfudrzm ds smpmrtiam pmr ei oitrkz s÷ekai y de rdstictd ds smpmrtiam pmr de feukam qud sd dcgudctri iemjiam dc ems pmrms ade odakm. Gmc ei kctdcgk÷c ad aired skopekgkaia ie skstdoi ad dguigkmcds, dc `dmodgéckgi usuieodctd sd utkekzi ei gmcvdcgk÷c ad tdcdr dsfudrzms gmoprdskvms pmsktkvms adnkam i qud smc dstms ems oés inucaictds dc de sunsudem.  Ilmri sk sd isuod qud de odakm pmrmsm dsté gmopedtiodctd situriam ad uc feukam, dstd djdrgdré uci fudrzi mpudsti ie dsfudrzm gmoprdskvm tmtie8 dsti akfdrdcgki sd gmcmgd gmom dsfudrzm dfdgtkvm ad igudram i ei tdmrïi prmpudsti pmr Qdrzi`lk gmom sd oudstri dc ei dguigk÷c. Rmstdrkmrodctd, (Nkmt, 9;19) prmpusm uci tdmrïi piri oitdrkieds pmrmdeéstkgms, amcad ei prdsk÷c tkdcd uc gmdfkg gmd fkgkd kdctd ctd eeioi eeioiam am gmd gmdfkg fkgkdc kdctd td ad Nk Nkmt mt dc su lm lmcm cmrr gmom gmom em oudstr oudstri i ei dguigk÷c. Akglm gmdfkgkdctd isuod qud ei oitrkz s÷ekai ad ei rmgi tionkëc gionk gio nki i su vm vmeuo euodc dc gu guic icam am dsti dsti ds smodt smodtkai kai i gionkm gionkm ad dsfud dsfudrzm rzms. s. Ei prdsk÷c ad pmrm sd adfkcd gmom ei prdsk÷c ad ems feukams qud sd dcgudctric iemjiams dc ems pmrms ade odakm.

 

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Einmritmrkm ad oitdrkieds

4.> Eis Rrmpkdaiads tërokgis ad ems oitdrkieds Wmc Wm c ei eis s qud qud adtdr adtdrokc okcic ic de gmo gmopm pmrti rtiokd okdctm ctm ad ems oi oitd tdrki rkieds eds frd frdctd ctd ie iu iuod odctm ctm ad tdopdrituri, ds adgkr, de gmopmrtiokdctm ad ëstms frdctd ie giemr.

4. 4.>. >.99 Gm Gmca caug ugtk tkvk vkai aia a tëro tërokg kgi: i: Gipigkaia ad ems oitdrkieds ad gmcaugkr m tricsoktkr de giemr, m ad tricsfdrkr de omvkokdctm gkcëtkgm ad sus omeëgueis i mtris omeëgueis iayigdctds, m i mtris susticgkis gmc eis qud dsté dc gmctigtm. Ei gmcaugtkvkaia gmcaugtkvkaia tërokgi ds dedviai dc odtieds y gudrpms gmctkcums gmctkcums dc `dcdrie, y ds dspdgkieodctd niji dc ems oitdrkieds ikseictds tërokgms gmom eici ad rmgi, fknri ad vkarkm, pmekurdticm, dtg.

4.>. 4. >.>> ^d ^dsk skst stkv kvka kaia ia tëro tërokg kgi: i: Gipigkaia ad ems oitdrkieds piri mpmcdrsd ie pism ade giemr. Ds em gmctrirkm i ei gmcaugtkvkaia tërokgi.

4.>. 4. >.77 Akei Akeiti tigk gk÷c ÷c të tëro rokg kgi: i: Ds de iuodctm ad tioiùm qud sufrd uc oitdrkie guicam sd de dedv dvi i ei tdop tdopdr drit itur uri i ade ade ok okso som. m. Ei Eis s ju juct ctis is ad akei akeiti tigk gk÷c ÷c sdpi sdpiri riam amri ris s dc gmcs gmcstr trug uggk gk÷c ÷c sd li ligd gdc c pi piri ri qu qud, d, gmc gmc ems ems iu iuod odct ctms ms ad td tdop opdr drit itur uris is y de gm gmcsk csk`u `ukdc kdctd td iuodc iuodctm tm ad vm vmeuo euodc dc,, de oi oitd tdrki rkiee pu puda dai i dx dxpi pica cakr kr m ieir`i ieir`irsd rsd eknrdodctd.

4.>. 4. >.11 Gm Gmct ctri rigg ggk÷ k÷c c tëro tërokg kgi: i: Ds em gmctrirkm i ei akeitigk÷c tërokgi, ds ei rdauggk÷c ad tioiùm qud dxpdrkodcti uc oitdrkie ie rdaugkrsd su tdopdrituri.

 

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Einmritmrkm ad oitdrkieds 4. 4.>>.4 Fusk sknk nkeeka kaia ia:: Gipigkaia ad uc oitdrkie piri fucakrsd, pisir ad s÷ekam i ekqukam m vkgdvdrsi. Vkdcd adtdrokciai pmr de puctm ad fusk÷c, qud adsgrknd ei tdopdrituri dc ei guie eed`i i fucakr.

4. 4.>>.6 Wmea meain inke keka kaia ia:: Gipigkaia ad uc oitdrkie piri smeairsd, gmcsk`m oksom m gmc mtrm oitdrkie. Ems oitdrkieds qud tkdcdc nudci fusknkekaia sudedc tdcdr, gmom ds e÷`kgm, nudci smeainkekaia.

4.7 Gmo Gmopmr pmrtio tiokdt kdtm m ad fusk fusk÷c ÷c dc pm pmeïo eïodrm drmss Ei fusk÷c fusk÷c dc pmeïodrm pmeïodrms s prdsdct prdsdcti i akfdrdcg akfdrdcgkis kis kopmrtic kopmrtictds tds ie sdr gmopmria gmopmriai i gmc mtrms mtrms oitdrkieds:  

 Ie mgurrkr dc uc ric`m ric`m ad tdop tdopdrituri drituri cm ds ds pmskned dstinedgdr dstinedgdr uci úckgi úckgi Q o .  Dc ei prégtkgi, dsté gmrrdspmcad i ei tdopdrituri amcad mgurrd ei adstruggk÷c ad ems grkstieds oés `ricads.

 

kcfeudcgkiai fudrtdodctd fudrtdodctd pmr ei lkstmrki tërokgi y, dc pirtkgueir, pirtkgueir, pmr eis Ei Q o  dsté kcfeudcgkiai gmcakgkmcds ad dcfrkiokdctms (ksmtërokgm, Q g8  m akcéokgm, q).

 

Liy uc dfdgtm gkcëtkgm smnrd de gmopmrtiokdctm ad fusk÷c, y gmcsdgudctdodctd, uc pmeïodrm skdoprd dxlknd uci Q o oiymr i su Q g.

 

Ei dxkstdcgki ad uc ric`m ad fusk÷c sd adnd i ei cituriedzi oigrmomedgueir y ei OPA y iakgkmcieodctd, i ei dxkstdcgki adfdgtms dc ei rd`ueirkaia dstrugturie ad ei giadci.

Ei vi virki rkinke nkekai kaia a dc de gm gmopm opmrti rtiokd okdctm ctm ad fusk÷ fusk÷c c li eed eedvi viam am i ei kctrma kctrmaug uggk÷ gk÷c c ad adee gmcgdpt gmc gdptm m tdromakc tdromakcéokg éokgm m ad ei tdopdrti tdopdrtiuri uri ad fusk÷c fusk÷c dc dqukekn dqukeknrkm rkm (Q o ½ ,  qu qud d li pd pdro rokt ktka kam m is ismg mgki kirr ei Q o ½ ,  ad fmroi fmroi guictk guictktit titkvi kvi,, i uc e girigt girigtdrï drïstk stkgm gm sd sd`ú `úc c em prmpudstm pmr de omadem ad Qlmopsmc-@knns.

 

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Einmritmrkm ad oitdrkieds 4.1 Gmop Gmopmrtio mrtiokdctm kdctm ad em emss akstkc akstkctms tms oitdr oitdrkieds kieds frd frdctd ctd i smodtko smodtkokdctm kdctmss odgéckg odgéckgms ms y tërokgms De gmopmrtiokdctm ad ems akstkctms oitdrkied oitdrkieds s frdctd ie dcsiym sd dcgudctri dcgudctri keustriam dc ei sk`ukdctd `rifkgi. Ei fk`uri Cm. > oudstri dc fmroi guiektitkvi eis gurvis ad dsfudrzm-adfmroigk÷c ucktirki uckt irki cmroieds cmroieds piri uc odtie, odtie, uc oitdrki oitdrkiee tdro tdrompeé mpeéstkg stkgm, m, uc deist÷od deist÷odrm rm y uc gdréokgm. Dc dsti fk`uri, eis dsgieis dsgieis smc guiektitkvis guiektitkvis y akstkctis piri giai oitdrki oitdrkie. e. Dc ei prégtkgi, eis oi`cktuads rdieds ad ems dsfudrzms y eis adfmroigkmcds pudadc sdr ouy akstkctis dctrd sï.

Wd supmcd qud de oitdrkie peéstkgm dsti irrkni ad su tdopdrituri ad tricsfmroigk÷c vïtrdi (Q`), okdctris qud ems oitdrkieds odtéekgms y tdrompeéstkgms oudstric uci rd`k÷c kckgkie deéstkgi, sd`ukai pmr uci rd`k÷c peéstkgi cm ekcdie. Qionkëc sd kcgeuyd uci uci gurvi gurvi ipirt ipirtd d piri piri ems deis deist÷o t÷odrm drms s (ds ad adgkr gkr,, lu lueds eds m skekgm skekgmci cis), s), yi qu qud d de gmopmrtiokdctm ad dsms oitdrkieds ds akstkctm ade ad mtrms oitdrkieds pmekoërkgms. Riri ems deist÷odrms, uci `ric pirtd ad ei adfmroigk÷c ds deéstkgi y cm ekcdie. Rmr  mtri pirtd ems gdréokgms y ems vkarkms smem oudstric uci rd`k÷c deéstkgi ekcdie y gisk cucgi oudstric adfmroigk÷c peéstkgi i tdopdrituri ionkdctd. (Vdr fk`uri Cm. >) .

Fk`uri >: Gurvis ad dsfudrzm adfmroigk÷c i

4.44 Ds 4. Dsfu fudr drzm zm të tëro rokg kgm m

ei tdcsk÷c, piri akstkctms oitdrkieds

 

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Einmritmrkm ad oitdrkieds Gmom sd odcgkmc÷ ictdrkmrodctd, ictdrkmrodctd, ems oitdrkieds oitdrkieds tkdcadc i iuodctir su vmeuodc guicam smc smodtkams i prmgdsms ad giedctiokdctm. Gmom sd dxpekgi dc ei sdggk÷c ad ei edy ad Lmmhd, ei adfmroigk÷c ad uc oitdrkie ds akrdgtiodctd prmpmrgkmcie i uc dsfudrzm djdrgkam smnrd de oitdrkie8 ad dsti fmroi, gmc ei iyuai ad ei edy ad Lmmhd, ems gionkms ad vmeuodc `dcdria `dc driams ms pmr ems gionkms gionkms ad tdopdrit tdopdrituri uri dc uc oitdrkie oitdrkie adtdrokcia adtdrokciam m pudadc pudadc sdr  dxprdsiams dc tërokcms ad dsfudrzm gmom em oudstric eis dguigkmcds. Ad dsti fmroi de dsfudrzm tërokgm sd pudad giegueir gmom em oudstri ei dguigk÷c. Dstd tërokcm ds frdgudctdodctd utkekziam dc ems prmnedois odgéckgms amcad sd kcvmeugri de dfdgtm tërokgm, dc de gism pirtkgueir ad `dmodgéckgi ad yigkokdctms, sd pudad omadeir ei ietdrigk ietd rigk÷c ÷c ade dstiam ad dsfudrzm dsfudrzms s guicam guicam de yigkokdc yigkokdctm tm ds smodtkam smodtkam i gionkms gionkms ad tdopdrituri.

 

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Einmritmrkm ad oitdrkieds 6. Oitdrkieds y dqukpms usiams dc de skoueiamr: Ds kopmrt kopmrtic ictd td tdcdr tdcdr dc gudcti gudcti qud piri piri de icée icéeksk ksks s ad adee kcfmro kcfmrod d C²>, C²>, em oitd oitdrki rkieds eds y dqukpms utkekziaims i trivës ade skoueiamr smc ems adsgrktms i gmctkcuigk÷c,

DYTKRMW: 

Wmftwird GDW DauRigh >297



Mradciamr gmc ekgdcgki daugigkmcie GDW DauRigh >297

 

Wmftwird QDIO vkdwdr: lttps://www.tdiovkdwdr.gmo/ds/adsgir`i/wkcamws/ Dqukpm ad gmoputm gmc gmcdxk÷c i kctdrcdt.

OIQD^KIEDW:



Ekchs prmpmrgkmciams pmr ei amgdctd: lttps://www.ymutund.gmo/witgl=v?2zTsQqdiq\D lttps://www.ymutund.gmo/witgl=v?RPtzA[4;wZIae lttps://www.ymutund. gmo/witgl=v?[[l>ZIaefIK&t?s fIK&t?s @DQWQIDW91 Oicuie ad prégtkgis



@uïi ad smftwird GDW DauRigh >297



[

icdxm

RAF

0. ^DWTEQIAMW [ AKWGTWK×C

0.9 AKWG AKWGTWKM TWKMCDW CDW Gmom Gm om sd mnsdr mnsdrvi vi,, eis gu gurvi rvis s ad dsfud dsfudrzm rzm/ad /adfm fmroi roigk÷ gk÷c c pi piri ri pm pmekd ekdtke tkedcm dcms s ad akstkcti akst kctis s adcskai adcskaiads ads smc geiriodc geiriodctd td akfdrdct akfdrdctds. ds. Rirtkgue Rirtkgueirod irodctd ctd,, ei gurv gurvi i ade pmekdtkedcm ad ieti adcskaia (fk`uris > y 7) ds oés edvictiai, eed`icam i gunrkr  viemrds ad dsfudrzm oés ietms y viemrds ad adfmroigk÷c oés nijms qud ei gurvi ad pmekdtkedcms ad niji adcskaia. Dstm sd rdeigkmci akrdgtiodctd gmc de o÷auem ad deistkgkaia m ad [muc` (D) mntdckam. Riri de ad ieti adcskaia sd mntuvm uc o÷auem dc prmodakm ad 9> ORi, ouglm oés ietm qud de mntdckam piri niji adcskaia (9,21 ORi). Dstm sk`ckfkgi qud, ie ipekgir uc dsfudrzm k`uie dc ionms, ei adfmroigk÷c ds oiymr dc de pmekdtkedcm ad niji adcskaia. Dstm sd adnd néskgiodctd i ei uck÷c dctrd eis omeëgueis. Gmom dc de pmekdtkedcm ad niji adcskaia eis omeëgueis sd dcgudctric oés sdpiriais ucis ad mtris, eis fudrzis qud eis ucdc smc odcmrds i

 

 

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Einmritmrkm ad oitdrkieds qud sk dstuvkdric oés juctis, gmom ds de gism ade pmekdtkedcm ad ieti adcskaia. De rdsuetiam ad dstm ds qud sd cdgdskti ipekgir odcmr fudrzi piri sdpirir omeëgueis ad pmekdtkedcm ad niji adcskaia, puds dstéc oés sdpiriais, qud piri sdpirir  omeëgueis ad pmekdtkedcm ad ieti adcskaia, qud dstéc oés juctis. Rmr deem, de eïoktd deéstkgm ade pmekdtkedcm ad ieti adcskaia ds oiymr qud de ad niji adcskaia, puds sd cdgdskti oiymr dsfudrzm piri adfmroir pdroicdctdodctd ie oitd oi tdrk rkie ie.. Wk Wkc c doni donir` r`m, m, uci uci vdz vdz qu qud d sd smnr smnrdp dpis isi i de eïok eïoktd td de deés éstk tkgm gm,, eis eis aksemgigkmcds sd oudvdc oés répkaiodctd dc de pmekdtkedcm ad ieti adcskaia qud dc de ad niji adcskaia. Dstm sd adnd i qud adji ad kopmrtir ei aksticgki dctrd eis omeëgueis, y gmnric oiymr kopmrticgki eis riokfkgigkmcds.

 

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Einmritmrkm ad oitdrkieds 294). Ei rdskstdcgki odgéckgi dc akfdrdctds oudstris ds dxgdedctd dc guictm i eis tdcskmcds y demc`igkmcds smpmrtiais ictds ad ei rmturi. Rmr mtrm eiam, de RDQ sd girigtdrkzi pmr su dedviai purdzi, ieti rdskstdcgki y tdcigkaia. Ad igudram i su mrkdctigk÷c prdsdcti prmpkdaiads ad tricspirdcgki y rdskstdcgki quïokgi. Dxkstdc akfdrdctds `riams ad RDQ, ems guieds sd akfdrdcgkic pmr su pdsm omedgueir y grkstiekckaia. grkstiekckaia. Ems qud prdsdctic odcmr odcmr pdsm omedgueir sd adcmokcic `riam fknri, ems ad pdsm omedgueir odakm, `riam pdeïguei y ems ad oiymr pdsm omedgueir, `riam kc`dckdrïi. Fkcieodctd, Dstd pmeïodrm cm sd dstkri y cm ds ifdgtiam pmr égkams ck `isds itomsfërkgms, itomsfërkg ms, ds rdskstdctd ie giemr y insmrnd pmgi gictkaia ad i`ui, fmroi fknris fudrtds y fedxkneds, tionkëc pdeïgueis.

Fk`uri >: Rrmpkdaiads odgéckgis ad ems oitdrkieds Omauem ad [muc`

 

 

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Einmritmrkm ad oitdrkieds

Fudctd: Deinmriam dc smftwird GDW DauRigh 

 

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Einmritmrkm ad oitdrkieds Qinei 9: ^dsuetiams mntdckams dc de skoueiamr piri eis prmpkdaiads odgéckgis ad ems oitdrkieds ad kc`dckdrïi.

Oitdrkie

Djdopem ad ipekgigk÷c

RDQ

Nmtdeeis omeadiais pmr smpeiam

O÷auem ad  [muc` (@RI)

Qundrïis

>.91

Rmekdstkrdcm

Ju`udtds

9.>

Rmekprmpkedc m RR

Donieijd

Rrmaugtms amoëstkgms

Aurd rdzzi L LV V

>.06 ∞1.91 @R   46.4∞ 6>.7 OR   90

RVG

Rmekdtkedcm LA

Eïoktd deéstkgm (Opi)

∞1.91 @R   74.1 ∞4>.9 OR

∞>.6 @Ri

  > OR

^ds dsks kstd tdcg cgkki i ei Qdcsk÷c (Opi)

@riam ad rdgkgeijd

∞9 ORi   2.>< ∞9.> LV   9.>∞9>.1 ORi

  2.2.0 ∞70.> OR   6.>∞99.> LV   >0.6 ∞19.1 ORi

Cm ds rdgkgeined

 

Fudctd: Deinmrigk÷c prmpki, >2>2 Gmopirdd eis prm Gmopir prmpkd pkdaia aiads ds odg odgéck éckgis gis ade pme pmekdt kdtked kedcm cm ad iet ietii adcska adcskaia ia (LA (LA), ), de gemrurm ad pmekvkckem, de pmekprmpkedcm pmekprmpkedcm y de pmekdstkrdcm, y dxpekqud sus akfdrdcgkis dc tërokcms ad sus dstrugturis:  I trivës ade dcfmqud ad eis prmpkdaiads odgéckgis, pmadoms ifkroir qud ad ems guitrm oitdrkieds peictdiams, de RVG dxprdsi uc oiymr o÷auem ad [muc`, ds adgkr, qud ds ei qud tkdcd ieti adfmroigk÷c ucktirki dctrd de gionkm ad emc`ktua y ei emc`ktua kckgkie, pmr mtrm eiam, de oitdrkie gmc odcmr o÷auem ad [muc` ds de pmekdtkedcm LA. Qdckdcam Qdckdca m dc gudcti de eïoktd deéstkgm, pmadoms ifkroir qud de RVG pmsdd uc oiymr ekoktd frdctd ie pmektkdedcm LA, de guie ds de oitdrkie ad kc`dckdrïi ad odcmr ekoktd deéstkgm. Dc guictm i kopdrodinkekaia, tictm de pmekdtkedcm LA gmom de RVG smc kopdrodineds, gmc ei akfdrdcgki qud de RVG ds uc pmgm oés kopdrodined, `rigkis i su ieti adcskaia.

4

 

Tckvdrskaia ad Wicticadr TADW

 

Rrm`rioi ad Kc`dckdrïi Kcaustrkie GKDCGKI AD EMW OIQD^KIEDW Rrmf: Ndehys Rmem Gionrmcdee  

Einmritmrkm ad oitdrkieds De pmekdstkrdcm (RW) ligd pirtd ade `rupm fdckem y tkdcd uci rdskstdcgki oiymr qud de pmekprmpkedcm, pmekprmpk edcm, pdrm odcmr qud de RVG, pmr em tictm, ds pmgm rdskstdc r dskstdctd. td. De RW cm ds aúgtke, pdrm ds oés fedxkned qud de grkstie y skokeir ie INW. Qictm de pmekdtkedcm LA gmom de RVG smc fedxkneds, gmc ei akfdrdcgki qud de pmekdtkedcm em ds iuc i nijis tdopdrituris, okdctris qud de RVG em ds listi skc sdr smodtkam i ietis tdopdrituris. De pmekprmpkedcm (RR) dstrugturieodctd dstrugturieodctd ds uc pmeïodrm vkcïekgm, skokeir ie pmekdtkedc pmekdtkedcm m y RVG, pdrm i akfdrdcgki ad dstms, dstd tkdcd ucm ad ems girnmcms ad ei uckaia omcmoërkgi uckam i uc `rupm ad odtkem odtkem.. De pmekp pmekprmp rmpked kedcm cm juctm juctm gmc de pm pmekd ekdtke tkedc dcm m sm smc c uc ucm m ad ems oés tdrompeéstkgms, iadoés de pmekprmpkedcm ds oés aurm qud de pmekdtkedcm, pdrm odcms qud de pmekdstkrdcm m de RDQ.

 

 

Tckvdrskaia ad Wicticadr TADW Rrm`rioi ad Kc`dckdrïi Kcaustrkie GKDCGKI AD EMW OIQD^KIEDW Rrmf: Ndehys Rmem Gionrmcdee  

Einmritmrkm ad oitdrkieds Fk`uri 7: O÷auem ad [muc` vs Qdopdrituri ad fusk÷c

Fudctd: Deinmriam dc smftwird GDW DauRigh 

Fk`uri 1: O÷auem ad [muc` vs Qdopdrituri oéxkoi ad Wdrvkgkm

 

 

Tckvdrskaia ad Wicticadr TADW Rrm`rioi ad Kc`dckdrïi Kcaustrkie GKDCGKI AD EMW OIQD^KIEDW Rrmf: Ndehys Rmem Gionrmcdee  

Einmritmrkm ad oitdrkieds

Fudctd: Deinmriam dc smftwird GDW DauRigh 

 

Tckvdrskaia ad Wicticadr TADW

 

Rrm`rioi ad Kc`dckdrïi Kcaustrkie GKDCGKI AD EMW OIQD^KIEDW Rrmf: Ndehys Rmem Gionrmcdee  

Einmritmrkm ad oitdrkieds Qinei >: Rrmpkdaiads odgéckgis vs prmpkdaiads tërokgis Oitdrkie

RDQ RVG   Rmekdstkrdc   m Rmekdtkedcm    INW  

Qdopdritur  Qdopdrituri i ad Fusk÷c oéxkoi ad Wdrvkgkm Qos Qo (²G) (²G)

O÷auem a add [ [m muc` (@Ri)

>.06

∞1.91 @Ri

∞>64 ² G   

 

>9>

>.91 ∞1.91 @Ri

 

>9> ² G 

9.>∞ >.6 @Ri

 

∞ 2..; @Ri

  9>4

2.6>9

>02 ² G 

   

∞ 97> ² G 

 

>22 ² G 

66.;

 

 

(Qo - Qos) ²G

∞72 Fk`uri 4: O÷auem ad [muc` vs Α (Qo ‗ Qos)

Fudctd: Deinmriam dc smftwird GDW DauRigh 

@riam ad rdgkgeijd

% pmrgdctijd ad sd`urkaia ad ems oitdrkieds

 

 

7>.>1%

 

9

72.66 % 72.66

 

7

77.79 % 77.79

 

6 >  y 1

00. % 71.0 % 71.0

 

0

 

Tckvdrskaia ad Wicticadr TADW

 

Rrm`rioi ad Kc`dckdrïi Kcaustrkie GKDCGKI AD EMW OIQD^KIEDW Rrmf: Ndehys Rmem Gionrmcdee  

Einmritmrkm ad oitdrkieds ½Yuë pudad adgkr ade icéeksks ad ei `réfkgi ad O÷auem ad [muc` vs Α (Q o ‗ Qos)= Qdckdcam Qdckdca m dc gudcti ei `réfkgi ad ei fk`uri 4 sd oudstri de gmopmrtiokdctm i trivës ad uc iopekm ric`m ad tdopdrituris qud gmokdczi gmc gmcakgkmcds sun- ionkdctd y sd dxtkdcad listi gisk de puctm ad fusk÷c ad ems pmeïodrms. Wd mnsdr mnsdrvi vi qud qud liy liy zm zmci cis s ad dsti dsti rdgti rdgti amca amcad d eis prm prmpkd pkdai aiad ads s ds dstéc téc gi gionk onkic icam am ré répk pkai aiod odct ctd d y érdi érdis s amca amcad d de gion gionkm km ds `ria `riaui uiee y pi pird rdgd gd sdr sdr gisk gisk ekcd ekcdie ie gmc gmc ei tdopdrituri, pdrm de puctm ds qud ei prmpkdaia gionki, y em ligd ad uci oicdri qud cm ds sdcgkeei. Dc tmams ems oitdrkieds oitdrkieds peéstkgms ei `réfkgi ade o÷auem frdctd i ei tdopdrituri tdopdrituri gmcsti gmc sti ad zm zmci cis s ad dst dstin inkek kekai aia a rdeitk rdeitkvi vi kctdrr kctdrruo uopka pkais is pm pmrr gi gionk onkms ms rdpdc rdpdctkc tkcms ms y sk`ckfkgitkvms dc de rdcakokdctm. Ds cmtmrkm de gionkm aréstkgm ad tdopdrituri dctrd de RDQ y de RVG skc donir`m pmadoms ifkroir qud eis prmpkdaiads prmpkdaiads odgéckgis odgéckgis ade prkodr prkodr oitdrkie sd vdréc ifdgtiais ifdgtiais yi qud qud dstis smc fudrtdodctd adpdcakdctds ad ei tdopdrituri. Dc `d `dcd cdri rie, e, ei rdsk rdskst stdc dcgk gki i akso aksokc kcuy uyd d y ei au augt gtke keka kaia ia sd kcgr kcgrdo dodc dcti ti ie iu iuod odct ctir  ir  tdopdrituri. Rmr em tictm, gmc nisd i ems rdsuetiams mntdckams dc ei `rifkgi ictdrkmr  pmadoms gmceukr qud ei tdopdrituri ietdri eis prmpkdaiads odgéckgis ad ems pmeïodrms.

½^ds ½^ dsue ueti tiré ré ifdg ifdgti tiai ai ei eiss pr prmp mpkd kdai aiad adss od odgé géck ckgi giss ad ems ems oi oitd tdrk rkie ieds ds adnk adnkam am ie iuodctm ad tdopdrituri= Wï, Wï, sd vd vdréc réc ifdgt ifdgtia iais is eis sk`uk sk`ukdc dctds tds prmpkd prmpkdai aiad ads s odgéc odgéckgi kgis s ad ems odtie odtieds ds:: Ei augtkekaia8 qud ds ei prmpkdaia ad smpmrtir `ricads adfmroigkmcds peéstkgis piri prmaugkr  pkdzis útkeds. Ei rdskstdcgki odgéckgi8 qud ds rdspmcsined ad qud ems odtieds smpmrtdc `ricads dsfudrzms skc rmopdrsd. Ionis prmpkdaiads smc fudrtdodctd adpdcakdctds i ei tdopdrituri, tdopdritu ri, pmr dcad, sk iuodcti ei tdopdrituri sd vdréc akrdgtiodctd akrdgtiodctd ifdgtiais dstis prmpkdaiads.

½Yuë sk`ckfkgiam tkdcd ei tdopdrituri oéxkoi ad sdrvkgkm y pmr quë cm pudad sdr  gdrgici i ei tdo tdopdrituri pdrituri a add fusk÷c= Ei oéxkoi tdopdrituri ad sdrvkgkm (OWQ) ds uci odakai qud kcakgi ei tdopdrituri gmctkc gmc tkcui ui oéxkoi oéxkoi i ei qud qud uc oitdr oitdrki kiee ad iksei ikseiokd okdct ctm m pu puda dad d mp mpdri drirr skc pë përak rakai ais s ad

 

Tckvdrskaia ad Wicticadr TADW

 

Rrm`rioi ad Kc`dckdrïi Kcaustrkie GKDCGKI AD EMW OIQD^KIEDW Rrmf: Ndehys Rmem Gionrmcdee  

Einmritmrkm ad oitdrkieds rdcakokdctm rdcakokdc tm gmom ikseictd tërokgm, okdctris qud ei tdopdrituri tdopdrituri ad fusk÷c ligd rdfdrdcgki ie `riam ad tdopdrituri dc de guie ei oitdrki dc dstiam s÷ekam sd fucad, ds adgkr, pisi ie dstiam eïqukam. Ds pmr dstm qud ei OWQ cm pudad dstir gdrgi ade ric`m ad fusk÷c yi qud, ei tdopdrituri ad fusk÷c pmaré rd`rdsir uci susticgki m oitdrkie gmc`deiam i su fisd kckgkie y ad dsti oicdri pdradr ie`uci ad sus prmpkdaiads dc de gionkm ad dstiam.

GMCGETWKMCDW

 

Tckvdrskaia ad Wicticadr TADW

 

Rrm`rioi ad Kc`dckdrïi Kcaustrkie GKDCGKI AD EMW OIQD^KIEDW Rrmf: Ndehys Rmem Gionrmcdee  

Einmritmrkm ad oitdrkieds 

 I trivës ade smftwird smftwird GDW DATRIGH DATRIGH sd em`r÷ prdsdctir prdsdctir ei prégtkgi ad einmritmrkm, einmritmrkm, isï oksom fiokekirk fiokekirkzirsd zirsd gmc ems prmgdak prmgdakokdc okdctms tms ad sdedggk÷ sdedggk÷c c ade oitdrki oitdrkiee ad kc`dckdrïi prmpudstm, mnsdrvicam eis prmpkdaiads oëgickgis y tërokgis ad giai ucm ad dstms, em guie prdtdcad air i gmcmgdr eis akfdrdctds ldrriokdctis qud dxkstdc piri figkektir dstms prmgdakokdctms y ipmyir de prmgdsm ad ei amgdcgki. Ei kcgeusk÷c ade smftwird dc ei `uïi ad einmritmrkm pdroktk÷ rdsmevdr virkineds gmom de omauem ad [muc` (@Ri), eïoktd deéstkgm (Opi), aurdzi LV, rdskstdcgki i ei tdcsk÷c (Opi), y isï oksom dstinedgdr uci gmopirigk÷c dc ionis prmpkdaiads gmc figtmrds figtmrds gmom ei tdopdrituri tdopdrituri ad Fusk÷c Fusk÷c Qo (²G) y tdopdrituri oéxkoi ad Wdrvkgkm Qos (²G).



De puctm ad fusk÷c ds uci tricskgk÷c qud sd ai dc ems pmeïodrms grkstiekcms grkstiekcms.. Mgurrd gu guic icam am eis eis giadc giadcis is pmeko pmekoërk ërkgi gis s inic inicam amci cic c sus ds dstru trugtu gturis ris grksti grkstiekc ekcis is y sd tricsfmroic dc uc eïqukam adsmradciam. Ie gmopirir eis tdopdrituris ad fusk÷c ad tmams ems oitdrkieds, sd rdgmcmgd de gmopmrtiokdctm gmopmrtiokdctm kcakvkauie ad giai ucm ad ems gmop gmopmc mcdc dctd tds s ad ds dstm tms, s, riz÷ riz÷c c pmr pmr ei guie guie sd ouds oudstr tric ic am ams s pkgm pkgms, s, uc ucm m ad adee gmopmcdctd RDQ gmc oiymr tdopdrituri qud de Rmekdtkedcm (RD).



Ei fmroueigk÷c adsirrmeeiai i pirtkr ad oitdrkieds pmekoërkgms, piri sdodjir m odjmrir eis girigtdrïstkgis odgéckgis ade oitdrkie INW, guopekdcam ie 922 % gmc rdquksktms ad rdskstdcgki dc demc`igk÷c, rdskstdcgki dc fedxk÷c, y cdgdskticam ei mptkokzigk÷c ad eis girigtdrïstkgis piri rdskstdcgki ie kopigtm.



Ei akfdrdcgki dc prmpkdaiads odgéckgis y aurdzi dc de ric`m ad gmopmskgk÷c dstuakiam mndadgdc dc tmam gism i virkigk÷c ad ei dstrugturi ad ems pmeïodrms. I su vdz eis virkigkmcds ad ei dstrugturi ad ei oitrkz piri de ric`m ad gmopmskgkmcds dstuakiais (gmopmskgkmcds pmekoërkgis) mndadgdc i figtmrds gmom akfdrdcgki ad tdopdrituri.

^DFD^DCGKIW

 

Tckvdrskaia ad Wicticadr TADW

 

Rrm`rioi ad Kc`dckdrïi Kcaustrkie GKDCGKI AD EMW OIQD^KIEDW Rrmf: Ndehys Rmem Gionrmcdee  

Einmritmrkm ad oitdrkieds  Irgldr Hcmwetmc, Hcmwetmc, Wticaira Wticaira Licanmm Licanmmh h fmr Dc`kcddrs Dc`kcddrs ( Og@riw Og@riw Lkee, 9;). Rrmpkdaiads néskgis ad ems pmeïodrms. pmeïodrms. Tckvdrskaia ad Oiticzis. Gieekstdr, P. A., ^dtlwksgl, A. @., Omedri Wmeâ, R., & Nieedstdrms, C. W. (>296). Gkdcgki d kc`dckdrïi ad oitdrkieds (Vme. oitdrkieds (Vme. >). ^dvdrtë. @moks, I. O. (>29>). Qdgcmem Qdgcmem`ïi `ïi ad pmeïodrms. Rrmgdsiam y prmpkdaiads prmpkdaiads.. Tckvdrskaia ad  Iekgictd. @^MMVD @^M MVD^, ^, Okhdee Okhdee R., ―Fucaiod ―Fucaiodctms ctms ad Oicufigt Oicufigturi uri Omadrci‟ Omadrci‟ Rrdctkgd Rrdctkgd Liee. Liee. Oëxkgm Oëxkgm 9;;0. Gipïtuem 7 ―Rrmpkdaiads Odgéckgis ad ems oitdrkieds‟ (7). Omrieds, ^., Gicaie, O., & ^mneds, J. (>22;). Dfdgtm ade prmgdsm ad tricsfmroigk÷c smnrd de gmdf gmdfkgkd kgkdctd ctd ad dcaurdg dcaurdgkokd kokdctm ctm pmr adfmroig adfmroigk÷c k÷c dc pmeïodrm pmeïodrms. s. ^d ^dvks vksti ti ad ei Figuetia ad Kc`dckdrïi Tckvdrskaia Gdctrie ad Vdcdzudei, Vdcdzudei , >1(1), >1(1), 62-02. Qkomsldchm, W. R. (9;02). ^dskstdcgki ad oitdrkieds.