Laboratorio 4 Mecanica

October 7, 2022 | Author: Anonymous | Category: N/A
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Qrmsmbt`hj `; ECB@ I@^É@ GF@GJB ^C_M^@ IMGÀBCG@ HM OE]CHJW M FCH^À]ECG@ NJLJXÀ >103

 

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Xjhjs ejs oeuchjs qum gcrgue`b pjr ub` tunmré`, sm` `ncmrt` j gmrr`h`, `hqucmrmb ub`s pãrhch`s hm mbmrlé` qum rmhugmb su prmsc÷b. E` orcggc÷b orcggc÷b hm tjhjs ejs tcpjs hm hugtjs sm g`egue` pjr imhcj hm o÷riue`s y t`ne`s qum jormgmb sus o`nrcg`btms4 me jnkmtcvj jnkmtc vj hm mstm e`njr`tj e`njr`tjrcj rcj smrà e` v`ech`gc÷ v`ech`gc÷b b hm ejs o`gtjrms hm g`incj hm prmsc÷ prmsc÷b b mb ejs g`uh`ems hm mbtr`h` y s`ech`, gjb tjhjs sus `ggmsjrcjs. JNKMXC_JW

Hmtmricb`r e`s pãrhch`s hm orcggc÷b mb tunjs y `ggmsjrcjs hm ojri` mxpmrcimbt`e y gjbtr`rrmst`re`s gjb e`s pãrhch`s tm÷rcg`s.

I@^GJ XM×^CGJ

Q^ÀGXCG@ 0. QM^HCH@W MB X]NM^C@W S @GGMWJ^CJW JNKMXC_J 

Hmtmricb`r e`s pãrhch`s hm orcggc÷b mb tunjs y `ggmsjrcjs hm ojri` mxpmrcimbt`e y gjbtr`rrmst`re`s gjb e`s pãrhch`s tm÷rcg`s.

Qãrhch`s Imbjrms; Me oeuchj mb ub scstmi` hm tunmré` p`s` ` tr`vãs hm v`rc`s ubcjbms, vàevue`s, oemxcjbms, gjhjs, gjbmxcjbms mb X, mbtr`h`s, s`ech`s, mbs`bgf`icmbtjs y gjbtr`ggcjbms `hmiàs hm ejs tunjs. Hcgfjs `ggmsjrcjs cbtmrruipmb me oeukj hme oeuchj y prjvjg`b pãrhch`s `hcgcjb`ems hmnchj `e omb÷imbj hm smp`r`gc÷b y imzge` hme oeukj qum prjhugmb. Mb ub scstmi` scstm i` tépcgj, gjb tunjs e`rljs, mst`s pãrhch`s sjb imbjrms mb gjip`r`gc÷b gjip`r`gc÷b gjb e` pãrhch` hm g`rl` pjr orcggc÷b mb ejs tunjs (gjbjgch`s gjij e`s pãrhch`s i`yjrms) y sm ee`i`b pãrhch`s imbjrms. imbjrms. @ubqum pjr ej lmbmr`e mstj ms gcmrtj, gcmrtj, mb `elubjs g`sjs e`s pãrhch`s imbjrms imbjrms pumhmb smr iàs lr`bhms qum e`s pãrhch`s i`yjrms. Ãstm ms me g`sj, pjr mkmipej, mb ejs scstmi`s gjb v`rc`s vumet`s y vàevue`s mb ub` hcst`bgc` gjrt`. E`s pãrhch`s hm g`rl` qum rmsuet`b hm ub` vàevue` tjt`eimbtm `ncmrt`, pjr  mkmipej, pumhmb smr hmsprmgc`nems4 scb min`rlj, ub` vàevue` gmrr`h` p`rgc`eimbtm pumhm prjvjg`r e` pãrhch` hm g`rl` iàs lr`bhm mb me scstmi`, gjij pjbm mb mvchmbgc` e` g`éh` mb e` r`z÷b hm oeukj. Me oeukj ` tr`vãs hm vàevue`s y ubcjbms ms gjip gj ipem emkj kj,, y pj pjrr ej lmbmr lmbmr`e `e bj ms e÷ e÷lc lcgj gj ub `b `bàe àecs cscs cs tm tm÷rc ÷rcgj gj.. Mb gj gjbs bsmgu mgumb mbgc gc`, `, usu`eimbtm ejs o`nrcg`btms hm ejs `ggmsjrcjs hmtmricb`b e`s pãrhch`s imbjrms hm i`bmr` mxpmrcimbt`e.

 

E`s pãrhch`s imbjrms sm mxprms`b mb tãricbjs hme gjmocgcmbtm hm pãrhch` D E (t`incãb ee`i`hj gjmocgcmbtm hm rmscstmbgc`), qum sm hmocbm gjij;  E 

 

9

ℂE _ > / (> )

hjbhm fE ms e` pãrhch` hm g`rl` crrmvmrscnem `hcgcjb`e mb me scstmi` hm tunmré`s prjvjg`hj pjr e` cbsmrgc÷b hme `ggmsjrcj, y sm hmocbm gjij f E 9 QE /l. Gu`bhj me hcàimtrj hm mbtr`h` sm` clu`e `e hcàimtrj hm s`ech`, me gjmocgcmbtm hm pãrhch` hm ub `ggmsjrcj t`incãb sm pumhm hmtmricb`r guàbhj sm ichm e` pãrhch` hm prmsc÷b ` tr`vãs hme `ggmsjrcj y sm hcvchm mbtrm e` prmsc÷b hcbàicg`, D E 9 Q E/(¹_ >). >). Gu`bhj mstà hcspjbcnem me gjmocgcmbtm hm pãrhch` p`r` ub `ggmsjrcj, e` pãrhch` hm g`rl` p`r` mstm `ggmsjrcj sm hmtmricb` ` p`rtcr hm; _>

ℂE 9  E  > Mb lmbmr`e, me gjmocgcmbtm hm pãrhch` hmpmbhm hm e` lmjimtré` hme `ggmsjrcj y hme

bûimrj hm ^mybjehs, t`e gjij hme o`gtjr hm orcggc÷b (Hc`lr`i` hm Ijjhy). Wcb min`rlj, usu`eimbtm sm supjbm qum ms cbhmpmbhcmbtm hme bûimrj hm ^mybjehs. Ãst` ms ub` sjeugc÷b pjrqum e` i`yjré` hm ejs oeukjs tcmbmb bûimrjs hm ^mybjehs lr`bhms y ejs gjmocgcmbtms hm pãrhch` tcmbhmb ` smr cbhmpmbhcmbtms hme bûimrj hm ^mybjehs p`r` bûimrjs hm ^mybjehs lr`bhms.

Q^ÀGXCG@ #> QÃ^HCH@W MB GJHJW S MIQ@EIMW

Ejs `ggms Ejs `ggmsjrc jrcjs js qu qum m sm mb mbgum gumbt btrm rmb b mb e` e`ss ececbm bm`s `s hm tu tunm nmré ré`, `, pjr pjr ej lm lmbmr bmr`e `e sm gjbs gj bsch chmr` mr`b b pm pmrh rhch ch`s `s im imbjr bjrms. ms. Ms Mst` t`ss hmpm hmpmbh bhmb mb mb lr lr`b `b im imhc hch` h` ` su @b @blu luej ej j rmstrcggc÷b `e p`sj hme g`uh`e.

Q^ÀGXCG@ #7 NJIN@W MB WM^CM S Q@^@EMEJ

E`s njin`s sm cbgeuymb mb ub scstmi` hm tunmré`s p`r` gjbvmrtcr mbmrlé` imgàbcg` (suicb (su icbcst cstr`h` r`h` pjr ub img img`bc `bcsij sij ci cipues puesjr) jr) mb mbm mbmrlé rlé` ` fchr fchràue àuecg` cg`.. Mst Mst` ` mbm mbmrlé rlé` ` `hcgcjb`e pmrictm tr`bsictcr ub oeuchj hm ub eul`r ` jtrj gu`bhj bj ms o`gtcnem qum oeuy` pjr lr`vmh`h, memv`rej ` gcmrt` `etur` sjnrm e` njin` j rmgcrgue`rej mb ub scstmi` gmrr`hj. Mb lmbmr`e, me momgtj hm ub` njin` mb ub scstmi` ms cbgrmimbt`r e` mbmrlé` tjt`e mb ub` g`btch`h F. Wm sume sumemb mb mbgjb mbgjbtr tr`r `r nj njin in`s `s mb iugf iugfjs js pr prjym jymgt gtjs js hm cb cblmb lmbcm cmré ré` ` t` t`em emss gj gjij ij `n`stmgcicmbtj hm `lu`, tr`n`kjs hm hcspjscgc÷b hm `lu`s rmschu`ems, scstmi`s hm mborc`icmbtj y kuml`b `hmiàs ub p`pme iuy cipjrt`btm mb e` mxtr`ggc÷b hm `lu` hm eul`rms hm gjbstruggc÷b.

 

Mb cbst`e`gcjbms gjipemk`s, e`s njin`s sm pumhmb cbst`e`r gjbmgt`h`s mb smrcm j mb p`r`emej. Mb me oubgcjb`icmbtj mb smrcm sm `ð`hmb e`s `etur`s hm memv`gc÷b hm e`s njin`s4 mb me oubgcjb`icmbtj mb p`r`emej sm `ð`hmb ejs g`uh`ems hm e`s njin`s. E`s gjbmxcjbms mb smrcm y mb p`r`emej hm njin`s sm gjipjrt`b hm clu`e ojri` qum e`s gjbmxcjbms mb smrcm y mb p`r`emej hm e`s rmscstmbgc`s mb gcrguctjs meãgtrcgjs. E` njin` gjrrmspjbhm ` e` rmscstmbgc`, me oeukj ` e` gjrrcmbtm y e` `etur` hm memv`gc÷b ` e` tmbsc÷b. Me FI 0=1.0? scrvm p`r` mstuhc`r njin`s cbhcvchu`ems, mb gjbmxc÷b mb smrcm y mb p`r` p` r`em emej ej.. Me mq mquc ucpj pj hm mb mbs` s`yj yj gj gjbt btcm cmbm bm hjs njin` njin`ss gm gmbt btré réou oul`s l`s ch chãbt ãbtcg cg`s `s y ub hmp÷sctj hm `spcr`gc÷b gjb rmnjs`hmrj. Me rmnjs`hmrj sm mbg`rl` hm i`btmbmr ub` `etur` hm `spcr`g `spcr`gc÷b c÷b gjbst`btm mb me hmp÷sctj, cbhmpmbhcm cbhmpmbhcmbtmimb btmimbtm tm hme suicb suicbcstrj cstrj hm `lu`. Ejs lrcojs hm nje` mb e`s tunmré`s pmrictmb ub` gjbiut`gc÷b smbgcee` mbtrm me oubgcjb`ic oubgc jb`icmbtj mbtj mb smrcm y mb p`r`emej. E`s prmscj prmscjbms bms ` `e mbtr`h` y ` e` s`ech` hm e`s hjs njin`s sm cbhcg`b mb ejs i`b÷imtrjs. Me mqucpj hm mbs`yj sm gjejg` hm ojri` smbg sm bgcecee` e` y sml smlur ur` ` sjn sjnrm rm e` su supmr pmrococgc gcm m hm tr tr`n` `n`kj kj hm hmee i÷ i÷hu huej ej nà nàsc scgj gj FI 0= 0=1. 1. Me suicbcstrj hm `lu` y e` imhcgc÷b hme g`uh`e sm rm`ecz`b ` tr`vãs hme FI 0=1. Gjij `etmrb`tcv`, me mqucpj hm mbs`yj t`incãb sm pumhm gjbmgt`r ` e` rmh hme e`njr`tjrcj. Q^JGMHCICMBXJ

Q^ÀGXCG@ 0. QM^HCH@W MB X]NM^C@W S @GGMWJ^CJW 0. FI-0=1.00

 

Xr`ymgtj hm Imhcgc÷b

Hmsgrcpgc÷b

I`tmrc`e

C

Xr`ymgtj hm tunj gjb - @ipe @ipec` c`gc gc÷b ÷b cr crrm rmlu lue` e`rr >1 x 0, 0,= =`7 7> >x 0,6

Q_G

-

Mstr Mstrmg mgf` f`ic icmb mbtj tj crr crrmlu mlue` e`rr 7 7> > x 0,6 0,6 ` >1 x 0,= Xr`ymgtj hm tunj rmgtj, Ejblctuh hm imhcgc÷b 611ii >1 x 0,= Xr`ymgtjs hm tunj gjb; - > x pcmz` mb S 8=± - > x pcmz` mb X >1 x 0,=

CC CCC / C_

Xr`ymgtj hm tunj - > x 31± àbluej - > x 31± `rgj - > x 8=± àbluej >1 x 0,= Xr`ymgtj hm imhcgc÷b hmspe`z`nem p`r` me ijbt`km hm hcomrmbtms jnkmtjs hm imhcgc÷b. >1 x 0,=

_

_C

Q_G Q_G

Q_G

Q_G

Étm i

Hmbjicb`gc÷b

Étm i

Hmbjicb`gc÷b

0

Gài`r`s `bue`rms gjb mip`eims hm tji` hm prmsc÷b

<

Jnkmtjs hm imhcgc÷b. Imhcgc÷b hm g`uh`e

>

_àevue`s hm gcmrrm p`r` gmrr`r ejs tr`ymgtjs p`rgc`ems

6

Xr`ymgtj hm imhcgc÷b hmspe`z`nem

7

Q`rmh pjstmrcjr 

3

Jnkmtjs hm imhcgc÷b, ÷rl`bjs hm nejqumj

8

I`b÷imtrj hm tunj hm bcvme

01

W`ech`s

=

Mbtr`h` (Jguet`)

C

Xr`ymgtjs hm imhcgc÷b

`

 

_C ?

N`stchjr hm tunjs hm `gmrj

 

Xr`ij C Mb mst` mst` pru prumn` mn` sm mx`i mx`icb cb`b `b e` e`ss ij ijhc hcococg` g`gc gcjb jbms ms hm sm smgg ggc÷ c÷b b hme tr tr`ym `ymgt gtj j hm imhcgc÷b C. Me i`b÷imtrj sm gjbmgt` mb ejs pubtjs hm imhcgc÷b hmsm`hjs us`bhj e`s i`blumr`s gjb ejs `gjpems ràpchjs `utjnejg`btms. Qjstmrcjrimbtm sm hmnm `nrcr me lrcoj msoãrcgj hme hms`lõm y gjbmgt`r e` njin`. Qurl`. 0. Gmr Gmrr`r r`r ee` ` và vàevue evue` ` hm p purl` url` ssupmr upmrcjr  cjr  >. @nr @nrcr cr `i `in`s n`s vàevu vàevue`s e`s hm h hms`l ms`lõm õm cbom cbomrcj rcjrms rms

7. @nrcr eembt`im mbt`imbtm btm me lrc lrcoj oj msoã msoãrcgj rcgj mb ee` ` `oeum `oeumbgc` bgc` hme ttr`ymgtj r`ymgtj hm tunj ` imhcr imhcr.. 8. Me tr tr`ymgtj `ymgtj hm tun tunj j y e`s i i`blumr` `blumr`ss hm ubc ubc÷b ÷b sm pu purl`b rl`b i imhc`bt mhc`btm m ub` gjrrcmbtm hm `lu` oumrtm. =. Gu`bh Gu`bhj j bj q qumhmb umhmb nurnuk` nurnuk`ss hm `crm m mb b e`s i`blumr i`blumr`s `s hm ubc÷ ubc÷b. b. ?. Gcm Gcmrrm rrm m mee tr` tr`ymgt ymgtj j hm tunj tunj hm hmee hms` hms`lõm. lõm. . Gm Gmrr` rr`rr me tr` tr`ym ymgt gtj j hm tun tunj j hm hmee hm hms` s`lõ lõm. m. Me g` g`uh` uh`ee ms clu`e ` gmrj. 7. Me b bcvme cvme ms ms me icsij icsij mb ` `injs injs p pubtjs ubtjs h hm m imhcgc imhcgc÷b. ÷b. 8. @kust kust`r `r gjb gu gucch` h`hj hj me bcvm bcvmee gj gjb b e` và vàev evue ue` ` hm purl` mb me gmbtrj hm e` msg`e`.

^m`ecz`r imhcgcjbms 0. ^mlue ^mlue`r `r me g`uh`e hmsm`hj imhc` imhc`btm btm me lrcoj hm mbtr`h` mbtr`h` >. Emmr e` p prmsc÷b rmsc÷b hcomr hcomrmbgc`e mbgc`e gjij hcomrmbgc` hcomrmbgc` hm ` `etur` etur` mbtrm `in`s gjeuib`s hm `lu`.

 

7. Mb gg`sj `sj h hm m ub cbhcg`hjr cbhcg`hjr cbmst`n cbmst`nem em h hmnm mnm ms mstci` tci`rsm rsm me v`ejr imhcj. 8. Mb g`sj h hm m imhcg imhcgcjbms cjbms hm ee` ` prmsc÷ prmsc÷b b hcomrm hcomrmbgc`e bgc`e b bj j cipjrt cipjrt` ` t`btj e` e` mx`gtctuh `nsjeut`, scbj qum e`s emgtur`s rmsuet`b smr rmprjhugcnems. Xmricb`gc÷b hm e` imhcgc÷b 0. Xr`s e` oocb`ecz cb`ecz`gc÷b `gc÷b hm e` imhc imhcgc÷b gc÷b hm hmnm nm gmrr`rs gmrr`rsm m me tr`y tr`ymgtj mgtj hm hmee tunj hm hms`lõm. >. Hm Hmsgj sgjbm bmgt gt`r `r e` njin njin` ` 7. @nr @nrcr cr ggjip jipemt emt`im `imbtm btm me ttr`ym r`ymgtj gtj 8. @nrcr e` và vàevue` evue` hm pur purl` l` y ` `in`s in`s vàevue vàevue`s `s hm hms hms`lõm `lõm =. Me tr` tr`ymg ymgtj tj sm crà v`g v`gc`b c`bhj. hj. Xr`ymgtjs CCC y C_ Mb mstm mbs`yj sm mstuhc`b ncourg`gcjbms y gjbmxcjbms mb ―X’. Ejs tcpjs hm gjrrc gjr rcmb mbtm tm hm nc ncou ourg` rg`gc gc÷b ÷b y ub ubc÷ c÷b b gj gjb b e` e`ss và vàev evue ue`s `s hm gcmrr gcmrrm m pr prmg mgjbm jbmgt gt`h `h`s `s y pjstgjbmgt`h`s. Wm hmnmb smlucr ejs p`sjs hm purl`, `kustm y imhcgc÷b hme mxpmrcimbtj `btmrcjr. Xr`ymgtj _ Mb mst` prumn` sm cbvmstcl`ràb ejs `ggmsjrcjs mb me tr`ymgtj hm imhcgc÷b _. Wcmiprm sm rm`ecz` e` imhcgc÷b gjb hjs memimbtjs clu`ems, hm t`e ijhj qum hmnm tmbmrsm mb gumbt` mstm mst`hj p`r` gu`equcmr gàeguej gjip`r`tcvj pjstmrcjr.

>. FI 0=1.>3

 

7. FI 0=1.10

 

Xr`ymgtj C Ijhcococg` Ijhc g`gc gc÷b ÷b hm smgg smggc÷ c÷b b >1 >1-7>ii, rmlue`r. rmlue`r. h09 0 9 >6,8ii, e90>=ii G`uh`e mb e/icb fE tjt`e mb ii ?>.>1ii >1i i rmlue` rmlue`r, r, h09 h09>6, >6,8ii 8ii,, h>90=ii G`uh`e mb e/icb fE tjt`e mb ii 83.03 =81

Xr`ymgtjs CCC y C_ Qcmz` mb ―S’ h090, =

I`lbct uh hm

pãrhch ` mb ii fE ` ?8, 7

fE h ?6, 3

Qcmz` mb ―X’ H090, >

fE h =6, >

?

?< Xr`ymgtj hm imhcgc÷b _ Gjhj hm Xunj

G`uh`e (e/icb)

 Àbluej 31± Q_G >1 x

?=,7760>86

_

mb e/ i c b 0?, ?

I`lbct uh hm

pãrhch ` mb ii fE ` , 0

?

?

?<

3<

I`lbct uh hm

pãrhch ` mb ii fE 0 ?=

0,=  

 @rgj 31± Q_G >1 x 0,=  Àbluej 8=± Q_G >1 x 0,=

??,0=3888>?

?7.=

?=,7760>86

8. > 71

-

Gjmocgcmbtm hm rmscstmbgc`

I`lbc tu h

^mybje hs

7

>

8>?

h/d





 ` pãrhch ` fE mb i ?>.=

-

1.1=7=

?0.=

-

1.1=>8

1 j 71 ectrjs. Q`r` meej f`y qum gmrr`r e` s`ech` n`kj me hmp÷sctj.

 @BÀECWCW HM ^MW]EX@HJW

Q^ÀGXCG@ 7. QÃ^HCH@ QJ^ O^CGGC×B S @GGMWJ^CJW X@NE@ HM H@XJW Bj jev jevchm chm eemv`r me rmlc rmlcstr strj j pjr pjrimb imbjrc jrcz`hj z`hj hm ejs rms rmsuet uet`hj `hjss jnt jntmbc mbchjs hjs mb me hms`rrjeej hm e` pràgtcg` p`r` ejs gàeguejs qum hmnm rm`ecz`r pjstmrcjrimbtm ejs `bàecscs hm e` pràgtcg`. ^mlcstm gjb ojtjlr`oé`s ejs rmsuet`hjs y ejs hcomrmbtms p`sjs hm e` pràgtcg`. 0. FI 0=1.00

Q^ÀGXCG@ #7 QÃ^HCH@W MB GJHJW S MIQ@EIMW HM X]NM^É@W

 

Imhcgcjbms; ◊ Xm Xmip ipmr mr`t `tur ur` ` hm hmee `l `lu` u`;; 0 0< < ±G ◊ Hmbsc mbsch` h`h; h; 33 333 3D Dl/ l/i i7 ◊ Qm Qmsj sj mspm mspmgé géococgj gj B/ B/i7 i7 Imhcgc÷b G`uh`e 0; P 9 1.>7 e/s Qubtj hm imhcgc÷b 0

Jnkmtj hm imhcgc÷b

Qrmsc÷b mb n`rms

Gjhj hme tunj 1. 8=

> 7

1. 8= Mstrmgf`icmbtj

1. 8=

 

1.8

8 =

 @ipec`gc÷b

1.8

?

 Àbluej hm 31

1.76

<

 @rgj hm 31 gjrtj

6 3

1.7<  @rgj hm 31 e`rlj

01 00

1.76

1.7< 1.7?

_àevue` hm nje`

1

G`uh`e > P 9 1.>= e/s Qubtj hm imhcgc÷b 0

Jnkmtj hm imhcgc÷b Gjhj hme tunj

> 7

Mstrmgf`icmbtj

8 =

 @ipec`gc÷b

?

 Àbluej hm 31

<

 @rgj hm 31 gjrtj

Qrmsc÷b mb n`rms 1. 7= 1. 7> 1. 7> 1. 0 1. 13 1. 16 1. 1?

 

1. 1=

6 3

 @rgj hm 31 e`rlj

1.

01 00

1. 1=

_àevue` hm nje`

1> 1

G`uh`e 7 P 9 1.>6 e/s Qubtj hm imhcgc÷b 0

Jnkmtj hm imhcgc÷b Gjhj hme tunj

> 7

Mstrmgf`icmbtj

8 =

 @ipec`gc÷b

?

 Àbluej hm 31

<

 @rgj hm 31 gjrtj

6 3

 @rgj hm 31 e`rlj

01 00

_àevue` hm nje`

_mejgch`h hme oeuchj; Wm g`egue` ` p`rtcr hme G`uh`e _ y e` smggc÷b tr`bsvmrs`e hme oeukj v 9 (8_)/pc*h¾ v9

Qrmsc÷b mb n`rms 1. 7< 1. 78 1. 78 1. 0= 1. 0? 1. 08 1. 07 1. 0> 1. 00 1. 0 1

 

(8*(1.>7e/s*?1))/pc*(0l)

Gjhj

G`uh`e e/icb

Bcvme hm pãrhch` ii

Gjhj hm tunj hm 31± h 9 0< ii

07.6

>78.?

 Àbluej hm 31 Q_G h906.701

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