Labor Standards Azucena Notes

LABOR STANDARDS AZUCENA NOTES:

Labor Labor legisl legislati ation on – statue statues, s, regul regulati ations ons &  jurisprudence  jurisprudence governing relations relations bet capital & labor, labor, by provi providin ding g for certai certain n standa standard rds s of  terms & conditions of EENT or providing a legal framework w/in w/c tese terms & conditions & te te EENT EENT relat elatio ions nsi ip p may may be nego negoti tiat ated ed,, adjusted & administered! " #ivisions of Labor Legislation $! Labor %tandards – sets out te minimum terms, conditions & benets of EENT tat EE'% must provide or comply w/ & to w/c EE% are entitled as a matter of legal rigt! ( minimum re)uirements prescribed by e*isting laws, rules & regulations relating relating to wages, wages, rs of work, work, cost(of( cost(of(livi living ng allo allowa wanc nce e and and ote oterr mone moneta tary ry & welf welfar are e bene benet ts, s, incl includ udin ing g occu occupa pati tion onal al safe safety ty & ealt standards! ( mate aterial or subs ubstanc tance e to be processed "! Labor 'elations elations – denes denes te status, status, rigts & duties and te institutional mecanisms, tat govern govern te indiv indiv & collectiv collective e interact interactions ions of  EE'%, EE%, or teir representatives! ( mecan mecanism ism tat tat proce processe sses s te substance

Labo Laborr – pys pysic ical al toil toil alt altou oug g it does does not not necess necessar arily ily e*clu e*clude de te applic applicati ation on of skill skill +tus skilled- & unskilled- labor. %kill – te familiar knowledge of any art/science, united w/ readiness & de*terity in e*ecution/performance or in te application of  te art/science to practical practical purposes! ork – +broader tan labor. – covers all forms of  pysical pysical/ment /mental al e*erti e*ertion, on, or bot combined, combined, for for te te atta attain inme ment nt of some some obj obj ote oterr tan tan recreation/amusement per se! orker orker – +broader +broader tan EE. – may refer to self( self( empl employ oyed ed peop people le & tos tose e work workin ing g in te te servi ervic ce & und under te cont contrrol of anot note er, regardless of rank, title, or nature of work! ( any member of te labor force weter employed/unemployed Employee – a salaried person working for anoter wo controls or supervises te means, manner or metod of doing te work!

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Social Justice as te Ai!

%oci %ocial al just justic ice e – uma umani ni0a 0ati tion on of laws laws & te te e)uali0ation of social & economic forces by te %tate %tate so tat tat socia sociall justic justice e in its rationa rationall & objectively secular conception may at leas be appro*imated ( promotion of te welfare of te ppl, ppl, te adoption adoption by te 1ovt of measur measures es calculat calculated ed to insure insure economic stability stability of all te compon component ent eleme elements nts of societ society y troug troug  te maintenance of proper economic & social e)ui e)uili libr briu ium m in te te inte interrrelation tions s of te te members members of te community community,, constitut constitutiona ionally, lly, tr troug oug te te adop adopti tion on of meas measur ures es lega legall lly y  justiable, or e*tra(constitutionally, e*tra(constitutionally, troug te te e*erc ercise ise of pow powers ers unde underl rlyi ying ng te te e*istence of all govts! $234 $234 5onsti 5onsti66 prote protects cts te rigt rigts s of worke workers rs & promote teir welfare 7asi 7asic c rig rigts ts of work worker ers s guar guaran ante teed ed by te te 5onstitution $! to organi organi0e 0e temse temselve lves s "! to conduct collective bargaining/negotiation bargaining/negotiation w/ mgt8 9! to engage engage in peacef peaceful ul concer concerted ted activ activitie ities, s, including to strike in accordance w/ law8 and :! to partic participa ipate te in policy policy & decision decision(ma (makin king g processes processes a;ecting rigts & benets assage of te 5ode • •

"olice "ower as te Basis

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te te powe powerr of te te gov govtt to ena enact ct la laws, ws, w/in w/in 5onstitutional limits to promote te order, safety, ealt, morals & general welfare of  society powe powerr ine inerrent ent in govt govt to prot protec ectt itse itself lf & all its constituents, & for tis purpose to old te govt immune so far as necessary, from any limitatins imposed in te past! ?n impo imposi siti tion on of rest restra rain intt upon upon libe libert rty y or prope property rty in order order to foster foster te common common good!

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Birt o# te LC

7las assage of te 5ode • •

"olice "ower as te Basis

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te te powe powerr of te te gov govtt to ena enact ct la laws, ws, w/in w/in 5onstitutional limits to promote te order, safety, ealt, morals & general welfare of  society powe powerr ine inerrent ent in govt govt to prot protec ectt itse itself lf & all its constituents, & for tis purpose to old te govt immune so far as necessary, from any limitatins imposed in te past! ?n impo imposi siti tion on of rest restra rain intt upon upon libe libert rty y or prope property rty in order order to foster foster te common common good!

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Birt o# te LC

7las # "4 + S5?'> Law – signed signed by 5ory, 5ory, declari declaring ng full land ownersip in favor of te beneciaries of te ># "4! %are %are tenancy tenancy – abolise abolised, d, put te agricultu agricultural ral lease leaseold old sys in its stead stead,, geare geared d towar towards ds eventual ownersip of land by its tillers

Komestead Komestead ?ct – gives gives a needy needy citi0en citi0en a piec iece of land land were ere e may build uild a modest ouse for imself & family & plant wat wat is necess necessar ary y for subsis subsisten tence ce & for te satisfaction of life@s oter needs! ( superior over te rigts of  tenants "! 'esid esiden enti tial al %ubd %ubdiv ivis isio ions ns – not not cons consid ider ered ed agricult agricultural ural!! ?n agricultu agricultural ral leaseo leaseold ld cannot cannot be establised on land w/c as ceased to be devoted to cultivation or farming bco0 of its conversion into a residential subd! 9! Livestock, poultry & %wine raising lands6 %ec " of '? C4 C4 w/c includes includes priva private te agri agri lands lands devote devoted d to commer commercia ciall lives livestoc tock, k, poultr poultry y & swine raising- in te denition of commercial farms farms- is inval invalid! id! Tey Tey are are cover covered ed by te agrarian reform prog of te %tate! Te Te 1rea 1reates testt 7less 7lessing ingOT OTe e orst orst 5rime5rime- – Drederick Taylor (

5onsti ( %tate sall undertake an ?grarian 'eform 'eform >rogram, and encourage & undertake te just dist distri ribu buti tion on of all all agri agri land lands, s, subj subj to suc suc priorities & reasonable retention limits as te 5ongress may prescribe, 5ompensation sceme6 %ec $3 of 5?'>6 Title to all e*propriated properties sall be transferred to te te %ta %tate onl only upon upon full full paym paymen entt of  compensation of teir respective owners! 'etention 'etention Limits – provided for by '? C4 6  as oterwise provided!! provided!! no person may own/retain directly/indirectly, any public/private agri land, te te si0e si0e of w/c w/c sal salll vary vary accd accdg g to fact factor ors s governing a viable family(si0ed farm, suc as commodity produced, terrain, infrastructure, infrastructure, & soil fertility as determined by te >residential ?grarian 'eform 5ouncil +>?'5.! 9 ectares – may be awarded to eac cild of  te landowner, subj to te ; )ualications6 +$!. e is at least $C y/o, and +". e is actually tilling te land or directly managing te farm8 >rovide >rovided, d, tat landowner landowners s wose wose lands lands ave been covered b ># "4 sall be allowed to keep te area originally retained by tem ter tereu eund nder er88 >rovid ovided ed furt furte err, tat tat orig orig omestead grantees or direct compulsory eirs wo still own te org omestead at te time of  te approval of tis ?ct sall retain te same areas as long as te continue to cultivate said omestead! Lands not covered $! Lands obtained patent6

an inc incrrease eased d outpu outputt invar invaria iabl bly y give gives s more more work to more men, & never in te istory of te world as it more tan temporarily, and and ten ten for for only only a very very sor sortt time time,, diminised by te number of men at work in any trade

Te 1reatest E*ploiter- – 7las ! 9! Lands actually, directly & e*clusively used & found to be necessary for national defense, scool sites & campuses, incl e*perimental farm stations operated by pub/private scools for educational purposes, seeds and seedlings researc and pilot production center, curc sites & convents apputenat terety, mos)ue sites & Hslamic centers appurtenant tereto, communal burial grounds & cemeteries, penal colonies & penal farms actually worked by inmates, got & private researc & )uarantine centers and all lands w/ $3R 

slope and over,  e*cept tose already developed >rocedure for ?c)uisition of >rivate Lands $! ?fter aving identied te land, te landowners & beneciaries, #?' sall send its notice to ac)uire te land to te owners8 "! w/in 9G days from date of receipt, landowners sall inform te #?' of is acceptance/rejection of te o;er8 a! if landowner accepts te o;er, te L7> sall pay te landowner of te purcase price of te land w/in 9G days after e e*ecutes & delivers a deed of transfer in favor of te 1ovt and surrenders te 5ert of   Title b! in case of rejection or failure to reply, #?' sall conduct summary admin proceedings to determine compensation of te land 9! upon receipt of te landowner of te payment, or in case of rejection or no response fr te landowner, upon te deposit w/ an accessible bank or te compensation, te #?' sall take immediate possession of te land & sall re)uest te 'egister of #eeds to issue a  T5T in te name of te '>! :! ?ny party wo disagrees w/ te decision may bring te matter to te court

 Transferability of ?c)uired lands by beneciaries – may not be sold, transferred or conveyed  e*cept tru ereditary succession, or to te govt, or to te L7>, or to oter )ualied beneciaries for $G yrs S>rovided, tat te cildren/spouse of te transferor sall ave a ' to repurcase te land fr te govt/L7> w/in " yrs

%tanding crops at te time of ac)uisition – sall be retained by te landowner, #ar sall give a reasonable time to arvest te same

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in case land cannot be divided directly, sall be owned collectively by te worker( beneciaries wo sall form a workers cooperative or assoc w/c will deal w/ te corp indiv members of te coop sall be provided w/ omelots or small farmlots for teir family use taken fr te land owned by te coop

>roduction(saring ( pending nal land transfer %upport %ervices

#etermination of ust 5ompensation ( ( ( ( ( (

cost of ac)uisition of te land current value of like properties, its nature, actual used and income te sworn valuation by te owner, ta* declarations assessment made by te govt assessors

$! irrigation facilities "! infrastructure devt & pub works projects 9! govt subsidies for te use of irrig facilities

'? 24GG – ?ct %trengtening te 5?'>, e*tending te ac)uisition & distribution of all agricultural lands, instituting necessary reforms, amending for te purpose certain provisions of '? C4

Hncentives for voluntary o;ers of sale – addt@l CR cas

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>riority of Vualied 7eneciaries

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?gricultural lessees & sare tenants 'egular farmworkers %easonal farmworkers rovided furter6 actual tenant(tillers in te landolding sall not be ejected/removed terefrom!

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%tate sall protect Dilipino enterprises against unfair foreign competition & trade practices %tate recogni0es tat tere is not enoug agricultural land to be divided & distributed to eac farmer & regular farmworker so tat eac one can own is economic(si0e family farm! ?nswer6 simultaneous industriali0ation aimed at developing a self(reliant & independent national economy e;ectively controlled by Dilipinos %tate may, in te interest of national welfare or defense, establis & operate vital industries Hmplementation of te prog sall be community(based %tate sall recogni0e & enforce te 's of  rural women to own & control land 4

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%tate sall provide incentives to landowners to invest te proceeds of te agrarian reform prog to promote industriali0ation, EENT & privati0ation of  te pub sector enterprises

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?dded #enition $! 'ural women – women wo are engaged directly/indirectly in farming and/or sing as teir source of liveliood, weter paid or unpaid, regular or seasonal, or in food preparation, managing te ouseold, caring for te cildren, & oter similar activities "! Landless beneciary – one wo owns less tan 9 ectares of agri land

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kasulatan- tru w/c e surrendered is tenancy rigts for a consideration of >9,GGG! CG,GGG to respondent Deli* %ia, wo in turn converted te same to a residential subd w/o a #?' clearance and ejected te petitioners terefrom! >eitioners led a protest before te #?' alleging tat tey are te tenants of te lands and claimed tat tey are entitled to a disturbance compensation! Tey alleged tat tey were fooled into signing over teir tenancy rigts tru te macinations of te ?ragons!  Te respondents in teir answer, denied suc allegation and added tat te petitioners are barred by estoppel, laces and prescription

?dded E*ception to 'etention Limits

Hssue $6 rovincial, city & mun govt units ac)uiring private agri lands by e*propriation to be used for actual, direct & e*clusive pub purposes, suc as roads & bridges, pub markets, scool sites, resettlement sites, local govt facilities, pub parks & brgy pla0as or s)uares consistent sall not be subj to te C(ectare retention limit

Keld6 ? tenant is dened as a person wo, imself  and w/ te aid available from w/in is immediate farm ouseold, cultivates te land belonging to, or possessed by anoter, w/ te latter@s consent for purposes of production, saring te produce w/ te landolder under te sare tenancy system, or paying to te landolder a price certain or ascertainable in produce or in money or bot, under te leaseold tenancy system

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9 ectares eac to te $st " beneciaries only wen tese beneciaries ave rcvd 9 ectares eac, sall te remaining portion of te landolding, if any, be distributed to oter beneciaries

>ayment by 7eneciaries – payable to L7> in 9G annual amorti0ations at R interest per annum %upport sall be e*tended e)ually to women & men beneciaries

 Landico v %ia

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9 parcels of land were originally owned by te ?ragons, tenanted by te late ?rcadio Landico from $2:2 until is deat in $24", afterwic, is tenancy rigts were succeded by is son, petitioner Drancisco Landico +te oter petitioners were 7uenaventura +Drancisco@s son., and Dederico +Drancisco@s broter., elped im cultivate te land in $24, Drancisco voluntarily surrendered is tenancy 's over te land to te ?ragons troug a notari0ed kasulatan- for a consideration of >$,GGG, but petitioners continued cultivating te land until $234 wen Drancisco e*ecuted anoter notari0ed

Dor a tenancy relationsip to e*ist, all of te ;  essential re)uisites must be present6 $. ". 9. :. C. .

te parties are te landowner & te tenant te subj matter is agricultural land tere is consent bet te parties te purpose is agricultural production tere is personal cultivation by te tenant tere is saring of te arvests bet te parties

Under te denition, only Drancisco possesses te re)uisites of a tenant! >etitioners Dederico and 7uenaventura are not tenants because consent +F9. by te landowners is lacking! Tey are merely farm elpers of  Drancisco as part of is immediate farm ouseold! Tere was also no evidence to sow tat tey gave a sare of teir arvest to te ?ragons +F.! Hssue "6 etitioners ave no cause of action and te same as prescribed!

 >ortugue0 v 1%H% Damily 7ank and 5?

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>etitioner was employed by te respondent bank as utility clerk in $24$! %ince ten, e ad been promoted repeatedly up to $223 wen e was temporarily assigned as caretaker of te bank and designated as ?cting ?sst! P> and $,9:"B as retirement pay! Hn july "GG", petitioner led a complaint against resp bank for constructive dismissal & underpayment of wages, $9 t mont pay & retirement benets before te Labor ?rbiter! Ke alleged discrimination & unfair treatment, and intense pressure on te part of te resp bank forced im to retire at te prime of  is life

Hssue $6 'E(EB>LK abroad!  Te #rimary responsibilities6 $! Te promotion of gainful EENT opportunities and te optimi0ation of te devt & utili0ation of te country@s manpower resources8 "! Te advancement of workers@ welfare by providing for just and umane working conditions and terms of EENT8 9! Te maintenance of industrial peace by promoting armonious, e)uitable and stable EENT, relations tat assure protection for te 's of all concerned parties!

'E5'UHTBENT & >L?5EBENT , a program w/c re)uires te #>K and private contractors to ire 9GR of skilled and CGR unskilled labor re)uirements from te area were te project is being undertaken

?rt $! >'HP?TE 'E5'UHTBENT6 1'6 No person/entity oter tan te public EENT o=ces, sall engage in te recruitment & placement of workers! 6 E*ceptions

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>ublic EEnt o=ces >rivate recruitment entities >rivate EENT agencies %ipping or manning agents or representatives Te >