Lab#2 - Metodos - Juaniquina - Salinas - Angel - Juaniquina Salinas Angel
August 27, 2022 | Author: Anonymous | Category: N/A
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GEB->>8>‑N‟ BJCMERM; Ge`. Bmagcm Cfopjs ^jcdf
GEIJ^OM BM AFNJ^FRJ^GJ E¸> X^JB]CRGYGBFB MSR]BGFERM; ]EY.
BJCMERM ;
Fe`ma Kufegqugef Sfagefs
Ge`. Bmagcm Cfopjs ^jcdf
XF^FAMAJ
;
‑N‟
OFRM^GF
;
GEB->>8>
J^]^J-NJAGYGF
GEB->>8>‑N‟ BJCMERM; Ge`. Bmagcm Cfopjs ^jcdf
6. JNKMRGYJS. Ma jnkmtgvj bma prmsmetm afnjrftjrgj ms qum ma mstubgfetm, ombgfetm fctgvgbfbms præctgcfs Xrjbuctgvgbfb me ue cmetrj bm trfnfkj. Rfongçe mxpmrgometfr af mxpmrgmecgf afnjrfa y sfnmr sg ms migcgmetm j migcfz W pjr ûatgoj rmfagzfr ue meijqum bma vfajr bm af prjbuctgvgbfb prjbuctgvgbf b
>. I]EBFOMERJ RMÓ^GCJ >.6. GER^JB]CCGÓ GER^JB]CCGÓE E Af prjbuctgvgbfb kum`f ue pfpma gopjrtfetm me tjbfs moprmsfs qum sm bmbgqume f af ifnrgcfcgóe bm ngmems/j smrvgcgjs af moprmsf bmnm omkjrfr af cfpfcgbfb ej sjaj bm prjbuccgóe sgej qum tfongçe bmnm cfpfz bm omkjrfr af cjopmtgtgvgbfb bm af ogsof, qugme ej cuopam cje Cfagbfb, Xrjbuccgóe, Cjstjs fbmcufbjs, Rgmopjs Mstæebfrms, Migcgmecgf, Migcgmecg f, Geejvfcgóe, Eumvjs oçtjbjs bm trfnfkj, Rmcejaj`ïf, y oucdjs jtrjs cjecmptjs qum dfcme qum cfbf bïf af Me ue ouebj tfe cjopmtgtgvj cjoj ma qum sm mstæ vgvgmebj, cufaqugmr mrrjr me mstjs prjcmsjs næsgcjs bm cufaqugmr cjstjs y pçrbgbfs pfrf af ogsof. Afs Moprmsfs bm af Fctufagbfb bmnme fkustfrsm fkustfrsm f afs afs tmebmecgfs tmebmecgfs vmegbmrfs vmegbmrfs y afs yf mxgstmetms mxgstmetms pfrf fsï facfezfr ma çxgtj. Xfrf mstj ms emcmsfrgj qum afs uegbfbms bm cfagbfb y bm mstf ofemrf aj`rme mxpjemr sus prjbuctjs fa vfstj omrcfbj nuscfebj aamefr afs emcmsgbfbms bm bmofebf bm ajs cjesuogbjrms. Af moprmsf sm cjesgbmrf cjoj ue sgstmof fngmrtj y af cafvm bm su çxgtj bmpmebm bm af omkjrf cjestfetm bm su `mstgóe prjbuctgvf. Sus nmemigcgjs sm vme fimctfbjs pjr cuftrj ifctjrms næsgcjs; ma prmcgj bm vmetf bm ajs prjbuctjs, ma cjstj bm ajs gesuojs, af cfetgbfb bm prjbuctjs vmebgbjs y af cfetgbfb bm prjbuctjs qum sm jntgmeme bma tjtfa bm prgomrjs bmpmebme bm ifctjrms mxtmrejs, ogmetrfs qum ma ûatgoj bmpmebm mxcausgvfometm bm jtrf.
>.>. X^JB]CRGYGBFB Af Xrjbuctgvgbfb pumbm tfongçe pumbm bmigegrsm cjoj uef rmafcgóe metrm af cfetgbfb bm ngmems y smrvgcgjs prjbucgbjs y af cfetgbfb bm rmcursjs utgagzfbjs. Me af ifnrgcfcgóe, af prjbuctgvgbfb sgrvm pfrf mvfaufr ma rmebgogmetj bm ajs tfaamrms, afs oæqugefs, ajs mqugpjs bm tr y ajs mopamfbjs. Xrjbuctgvgbfb me tçrogejs bm mopamfbjs ms sgeóegoj bm rmebgogmetj. Me ue meijqum sgstmoætgcj bmcgojs qum fa`j j fa`ugme sje prjbuctgvjs cufebj cje uef cfetgbfb bm rmcursjs (Gesuojs) me ue pmrgjbj bm tgmopj bfbj jntgmem ma oæxgoj bm prjbuctjs. Af prjbuctgvgbfb me afs oæqugefs y mqugpjs mstæ bfbf cjoj pfrtm bm sus cfrfctmrïstgcfs tçcegcfs. Ej fsï cje ma rmcursj duofej j ajs trfnfkfbjrms. Bmnme bm cjesgbmrfrsm ifctjrms qum geiauyme. Fbmoæs bm af rmafcgóe bm bm cfetgbfb prjbucgbf pjr rmcursjs ouy gopjrtfetms gopjrtfetms cjoj; Cfagbfb; Ymajcgbfb f af cufa ajs ngmems y smrvgcgjs sm prjbucme mspmcgfaometm pjr uegbfb bm afnjr j trfnfkj. Xrjbuctgvgbfb ? Sfagbf/Metrfbfs; Ofej bm Jnrf, Oftmrgf
prgof, Ofqugefrgf, Memr`ïf, Cfpgtfa. Sfagbfs; Xrjbuctjs. ∛ Ogsof metrfbf, sfagbf oæs `rfebm ∛ Metrfbf oæs pmqumöf ogsof sfagbf ∛ Gecrmometfr sfagbf bgsogeugr metrfbf ∛ Gecrmometfr sfagbf oæs ræpgbj qum af metrfbf
GEB->>8>‑N‟ BJCMERM; Ge`. Bmagcm Cfopjs ^jcdf
Xrjbuctgvgbfb pumbm bmigegrsm cjoj af rmafcgóe metrm af cfetgbfb bm ngmems y smrvgcgjs prjbucgbjs y af cfetgbfb bm Me af ifnrgcfcgóe, af prjbuctgvgbfb sgrvm pfrf mvfaufr ma rmebgogmetj bm ajs tfaamrms, afs oæqugefs, ajs mqugpjs bm trfnfkj Xrjbuctgvgbfb me tçrogejs bm mopamfbjs ms sgeóegoj bm rmebgogmetj. Me ue meijqum sgstmoætgcj bmcgojs qum fa`j j fa`ugme sje prjbuctgvjs cufebj cje uef cfetgbfb bm rmcursjs (Gesuojs) me ue pmrgjbj bm tgmopj bfbj jntgmem ma Af prjbuctgvgbfb me afs oæqugefs y mqugpjs mstæ bfbf cjoj pfrtm bm sus cfrfctmrïstgcfs tçcegcfs. Ej fsï cje ma rmcursj Cfagbfb; Ymajcgbfb f af cufa ajs ngmems y smrvgcgjs sm prjbucme mspmcgfaometm pjr uegbfb bm afnjr j trfnfkj
Ogsof metrfbf, sfagbf oæs `rfebm Metrfbf oæs pmqumöf ogsof sfagbf s fagbf Gecrmometfr sfagbf bgsogeugr metrfbf Gecrmometfr sfagbf oæs ræpgbj qum af metrfbf Bgsogeugr af sfagbf me ijrof omejr qum af metrfbf
Af prjbuctgvgbfb ms ma cjcgmetm qum sm mstfnamcm metrm af cfetgbfb bm ngmems j smrvgcgjs rmcursjs `fstfbjs (gesuojs)< ms uef igajsjiïf, uef cjecmpcgóe bma qumdfcmr prjbuctgvj, ue prgecgpgj `uïf qum bmnm smr tmegbj sgmoprm me cumetf, ms ue cjecmptj ouatgifcçtgcj (pjr ajs ifctjrms qum af cjebgcgjefe) y mstrftgigcfnf cfpfcgbfb bm prjbucgr, ms uef ombgbf bma prj`rmsj cgmetïigcj tçcegcj, ms af rmafcgóe metrm ma prjbuctj bm uef fctgvgbfb y ajs gesuojs rmqumrgbjs pfrf prjbucgrajs, ms ue mstfbj bm æegoj qum nuscf af supmrfcgóe cjestfetm. Ms ue prgecgpgj qum rg`m afs rmafcgjems metrm ajs smrms duofejs y af efturfamzf, ma cufa bmnm dfcmrsm mimctgvj y cjrrmctfometm pfrf rmprjbucgr af rfzf duofef y omkjrfr af sjcgmbfb cjoj ue tjbj. Sm cfacuaf ombgfetm af iórouaf sg`ugmetm;
• ^miamkf ma usj migcgmetm b bm m rmcursjs (trfnfkj, cfpgtfa, tgmrrf, oftmrgfams,
memr`ïf, geijrofcgóe) me af prjbuccgóe bm ngmems y smrvgcgjs.
GEB->>8>‑N‟ BJCMERM; Ge`. Bmagcm Cfopjs ^jcdf
• Ms af rmafcgóe metrm ajs rmsuatfbjs y ma tgmopj qum aamvf cjesm`ugrajs cjesm`ugra js • Ms af utgagzfcgóe migcfz y migcgmetm bm tjbjs ajs rmcursjs, ej sóaj bma trfnfkj • Ma omkjr gebgcfbjr bma omkjrfogmetj bm af prjbuctgvgbfb ms uef rmafcgóe rmafcgó e
bmcrmcgmetm bma gesuoj fa prjbuctj, f cfagbfb cjestfetm j omkjrfbf. • Ms ma gebgcfbjr bm bmsmopmöj utgagzfbj pfrf cjopfrfr af moprmsf prjpgf cje af cjopmtmecgf (cjopmtgtgvgbfb (cjopmtgtgvg bfb bm af moprmsf). • Ms af ombgbf me qum afs jr`fegzfcgjems sftgsifcme ajs sg`ugmetms crgtmrgjs;
Migcgmecgf. Sm rmigmrm f aj`rfr afs omtfs u jnkmtgvj cje af omejr cfetgbfb bm
rmcursjs. Jnsçrvmsm qum ma puetj cafvm me mstf bmigegcgóe ms fdjrrj j rmbuccgóe bm rmcursjs fa oïegoj.
? Migcfcgf; Cjesgstm me facfezfr afs omtfs mstfnamcgbfs me af moprmsf.
? Fuometfr af prjbuctgvgbfb prjbuctgvgbfb ms prjbucgr prjbucgr cfbf cfbf vmz oæs cje cfbf vmz omejs. Sm Sm rmprmsmetf cjoj ma cjcgmetm metrm aj qum af moprmsf prjbucm (J]RX]R) y ajs qum maaf cjesuom (GEX]R). Mxprmsfebj af prjbuccgóe bm prjbuctjs j smrvgcgjs (J]RX]R) y ajs rmcursjs qum rmprmsmetfe prjbucgrajs (GEX]R) me tçrogejs bm vfajr, af prjbuctgvgbfb pumbm mxprmsfrsm bm af sg`ugmetm ofemrf;
?
GEB->>8>‑N‟ BJCMERM; Ge`. Bmagcm Cfopjs ^jcdf
>.3. GOXJ^RFECGF BM AF X^JB]CRGYGBF X^JB]CRGYGBFB B Af gopjrtfecgf bm af prjbuctgvgbfb ms qum ma ûegcj cfogej qum uef moprmsf pumbf crmcmr y fuometfr su rmetfngagbfb ms fuometfebj su prjbuctgvgbfb. Xjr gecrmometj me af prjbuctgvgbfb sm metgmebm ma fuometj me af prjbuccgóe pjr djrf bm trfnfkj. Ma fuometj bm af prjbuctgvgbfb bma trfnfkj cjesgstm prmcgsfometm me bgsogeugr af pfrtm bma trfnfkj vgvj y fuometfr ma trfnfkj prmtçrgtj. Xmrj bm tfa ojbj qum bgsogeuyf af suof tjtfa bm trfnfkj cjetmegbj me af omrcfecïf. Xjr aj tfetj, ma fuometj bm af prjbuctgvgbfb bma trfnfkj sg`egigcf fdjrrj bm trfnfkj vgvj, cjoj bma prmtçrgtj. Xmrj tfongçe af prjbuccgóe pumbm fuometfr sge qum fuometm af prjbuctgvgbfb bma trfnfkj; • Fuometfebj ma eûomrj bm jnrmrjs • Gecrmometfr af getmesgbfb bma trfnfkj • J prjaje`fr af kjrefbf afnjrfa. Mstæ cafrj qum tjbj prjcmsj prjbuctgvj
rmqugmrm af mxgstmecgf bm ue egvma bm getmesgbfb bm trfnfkj
>.2. IFCRJ^MS GERM^EJS W MTRM^EJS V]M FIMCRF FIMCRFE E AF A F X^JB]CRGYGBFB IFCRJ^MS GERM^EJS; Rmrrmejs y mbgigcgjs Oftmrgfams Memr`ïf Oæqugefs y mqugpj
^mcursj duofej Cfpgtfa
IFCRJ^MS MTRM^EJS;
Bgspjegngag Bgspjegngagbfb bfb bm oftmrgfams j oftmrgfs prgofs. Ofej bm jnrf cfagigcfbf Xjaïtgcfs mstftfams rmaftgvfs f trgnutfcgóe y frfecmams Geirfmstruc Geirfmstructurf turf mxgstmetm Bgspjegngag Bgspjegngagbfb bfb bm cfpgtfa m getmrmsms Ombgbfs bm fkustm fpagcfbfs
Ms mvgbmetm qum cufetj oæs fatj smf af prjbuctgvgbfb, ms bmcgr, ofyjr prjbuccgóe f g`ufabfb bm mamometjs prjbuctjrms (cfpgtfa, oæqugefs, jnrmrjs, mtc.), oæs mcjeóogcf
GEB->>8>‑N‟ BJCMERM; Ge`. Bmagcm Cfopjs ^jcdf
rmsuatfræ y ofyjrms smræe ajs nmemigcgjs bm af moprmsf. Me ma cfsj bm ajs smctjrms qum `memrfe ngmems, af prjbuctgvgbfbms af rmafcgóe metrm ma vfajr bm af cfetgbfb prjbucgbf y af cfetgbfb bm rmcursjs utgagzfbjs me ma prjcmsj bm prjbuccgóe. Af ombgcgóe bm af prjbuctgvgbfb sgrvm pfrf mvfaufr af migcfcgf cje af cufa sm usfe ajs ifctjrms bm prjbuccgóe. Me ma cfsj bm afs fctgvgbfbms tmrcgfrgfs, af prjbuctgvgbfb sm cfacuaf rmafcgjefebj ma vfajr bm afs vmetfs j ajs ge`rmsjs jntmegbjs cje ajs ifctjrms bm prjbuccgóe. Af prjbuctgvgbfb afnjrfa, bmejogefbf tfongçe prjbuccgóe jntmegbf j vmebgbf y af cfetgbfb bm trfnfkj gecjrpjrfbj me ma prjcmsj prjbuctgvj me ue pmrgjbj bmtmrogefbj. Af ombgcgóe bm af prjbuctgvgbfb afnjrfa pumbm rmfagzfrsm me ma æongtj bm ue mstfnamcgogmetj, bm moprmsf, bm uef gebustrgf, bm ue smctjr j bm ue pfïs. Mxgstme bjs prjcmbgogmetjs pfrf cufetgigcfr af prjbuctgvgbfb; • Ma oçtjbj oæs cjoûe ms fquma qum rmafcgjef af cfetgbfb bm prjbuctj jntmegbj j vmebgbj cje ma eûomrj bm djrfs trfnfkfbfs burfetm ue pmrgjbj bmtmrogefbj, yf smf me uef uegbfb prjbuctgvf, me ue smctjr bm fctgvgbfb mcjeóogcf j me ue pfïs. Sg sm prmigmrm, j sg afs cfrfctmrïstgcfs bm af fctgvgbfb aj mxg`me, mstf ombgcgóe pumbm rmfagzfrsm tfongçe rmafcgjeæebjaf cje afs cfetgbfbms vmebgbfs. >.=. ÏEBGCMS BM X^JB]CRGYGBF X^JB]CRGYGBFB B Sg pfrtgojs bm qum ue ïebgcm bm prjbuctgvgbfb sm pumbm bmtmrogefr f trfvçs bm uef rmafcgóe, tmórgcfometm mxgstme trms ijrofs bm
fuometfr ajs ïebgcms bm prjbuctgvgbfb; • Fuometfebj ma prjbuctj y ofetmegmebj ma gesuoj. • ^mbucgmebj ma gesuoj y ofetmegmebj ma ogsoj prjbuctj. • Fuometfebj ma prjbuctj Fuometfebj prjbuctj y rmbucgmebj rmbucgmebj ma gesuoj sgouatæemf sgouatæemf y prjpjrcgje prjpjrcgjefaometm. faometm. >.9. CJOXF^FCGÓE BM AF X^JB]CRGYGBFB BMA R^FNFKJ Ma cæacuaj bma egvma bm prjbuctgvgbfb ms ma prgomr pfsj me ma mstubgj bma cjopjrtfogmetj bgeæogcj bm af Aj iuebfometfa ms bmtmrogefr ma rgtoj bm gecrmometj bm af prjbuctgvgbfb, af cufa sm dfcm cjopfrfebj ma egvma bm prjbuctgvgbfb pafegigcfbj cje ma rmfa, j ngme cjopfræebjaf me bgstgetjs pmrgjbjs j metrm bgstgetfs iænrgcfs, moprmsfs j mstfnamcgogmetjs qum sm mecumetrme famkfbfs tmrrgtjrgfaometm. Af mxprmsgóe utgagzfbf pfrf cfacuafr ajs gecrmometjs bm prjbuctgvgbfb me % ms;
∉ ?
∞ ∐
∉ ?
∐
>.0. IFCRJ^MS V]M CJER^GN]WME F OMKJ^F^ AF X^JB]CRGYGBFB • Bgsmöj bma prjbuctj; qum omkjrm ma ‑vfajr‟. Sgopagigcfcgóe y mstfebfrgzfcgóe me ajs iaukjs bm ifnrgcfcgóe. Gbmetgigcfcgóe, pmsj, monfafkm y mopfqumtfbj • Bgsmöj bma prjcmsj; rfcgjefagzfebj, sgopagigcfebj y omkjrfebj ajs oçtjbjs bm trfnfkj •
Rmcejaj`ïf; ofyjr futjoftgzfcgóe y tmcejaj`ïf bm af geijrofcgóe.
GEB->>8>‑N‟ BJCMERM; Ge`. Bmagcm Cfopjs ^jcdf
Xafetf y mqugpjs; ofetmegogmetj y prmvmcgje • Cjopjrtfogmetj duofej; ojtgvfcgóe
•
3. OFRM^GFAMS W MV]GXJ (Mesfafbf bm irutfs) • Irutfs; • 9 uegb. ofezfef • 9 uegb. paætfej
6/> agnrf irutgaafs
• 2 uegb. ofebfrgef • 2 uegb. efrfekf • 6 uegb. agoóe • 6 pfpfyf ombgfef – • Wj`urt (sfnjr f mamccgóe) • Xaftjs bmsmcdfnams • Cucdfrgaafs bmsmcdfnams • Cucdgaaj • ^mcgpgmetm pfrf afs irutfs
* Ejtf; afs irutfs yf bmnme mstfr afvfbfs cje fetgcgpfcgóe.
2. X^JCMBGOGMERJ W MKMC]SGÓE
• Jr`fegzfr ma ærmf bm trfnfkj • Xmafr afs irutfs. • Xgcfr afs irutfs • Cjajcfr afs irutfs me cfbf paftj bmsmcdfnam, föfbgr ma yj`urt, cjajcfr ma • • • • • •
tmembjr. ^m`gstrfr af djrf bm gegcgj y ige bm af fctgvgbfb (bmsbm ma yj`urt y af cucdfrgaaf). ^m`gstrfr ma eûomrj bm paftjs smrvgbjs ^m`gstrfr ma tgmopj bm trfnfkj. ^m`gstrfr ça j ajs gesuojs prmsmetms . • ^m`gstrfr ma cjstj bm ajs oftmrgfams m gesuojs, gecaugr ofej bm jnrf, trfespjrtm, cjstjs igkjs (auz, F`uf) y bmprmcgfcgóe bm mqugpjs. Xrmcgj bm vmetf.
GEB->>8>‑N‟ BJCMERM; Ge`. Bmagcm Cfopjs ^jcdf
=. ^M@GSR^J W JNRMECGÓE BM BFRJS
MOX^MSF; I^]RGA]XGS CJ^XJ^FRGJE F Rgmopj bm mkmcucgóe bma prjbuctj N Cfetgbfb bm prjbuctjs tmrogefbjs C Ærmf bm trfnfkj B Xrmcgj bm vmetf M Cjstj tjtfa Σ (M-6, M->, M-3, M-2) M-6 - Cjstj oftmrgfams utgagzfbjs M-> - Cjstj dmrrfogmetfs utgagzfbfs M-3 - Jtrjs cjstjs M-2 - Cjstj bm ofej bm jnrf I Rjtfa vmetfs (N x B) @
]egbfb Cfetgbfb ogeutj 37.87 ]egbfbms 68 o> 6.88 * 6.98 Ns 4 Ns ==.>2>42 Ns 28.0 Ns 6.23>62 Ns 3.6680 Ns 68 Ns 48
]tgagbfb (I - M)
Ns
>2.0=069
Bmtfaam bm oftmrgfams utgagzfbjs
E¸
Bmscrgpcgóe
]egbfb Cfetgbfb
Cjstj uegtfrgj (ns)
Cjstj tjtfa (ns)
6 ofezfef
]egb
9
6
9
> paætfej
uegb
9
8.9
>.2
3 irmsf
agnrf
(6/>)
68
=
2
>.2
efrfekf = ofebfrgef
uegb uegb
2 2
8.9 8.=
>
9 yj`urt
agtrj
>
4
69
0 paftjs bmsmcdfnams
uegb
68
8.6=
6.=
4 cucdfrgaafs bmsmcdfnams
uegb
68
8.82
8.2
7 pfpfyf
uegb
6
=
=
RJRFA
28.0
GEB->>8>‑N‟ BJCMERM; Ge`. Bmagcm Cfopjs ^jcdf
Bmtfaam bm dmrrfogmetfs utgagzfbfs E¸
Rgpj bm oftmrgfa
Bmscrgpcgóe 6 > 3 2
cucdgaaj omsf nföfbjr nfebmkf rmcgpgmetm pfrf = irutf 9 paftjs
Cjstj bm bmprmcgfcgóe
Cfetgbfb
omtfa paæstgcj paæstgcj paæstgcj
6 = 6 6
ofbmrf
6
paæstgcj
6
Cjstj tjtfa 8.8864= 6.3= 8.8= 8.887==
8.8864= 8.>0 8.8= 8.887==
8.8634
8.8634 8.88972
8.88972 6.23>62
RJRFA
Bmtfaam bm jtrjs cjstjs (Memr`ïf, f`uf, fongmetm, trfespjrtm, mtc) E¸
Bmscrgpcgóe
]egbfb Cfetgbfb
Cjstj uegtfrgj
Cjstj tjtfa
6 f`uf
agtrjs
2
8.88=64 8.8>80
> auz
lwd
6
8.87
8.87
3 trfespjrtm
uegb
>
6.=
3
RJRFA
?
3.6680
( ) ( ) 68 ? ==.>2
? 8.6 8.646 46 ⁂ ?
℅ ℅ ℅ ℅
?
68 8.9= 8.9= ℅ ℅ ℅
? 6=. 6=.34 34 ⁂ ℅ ℅ ℅
GEB->>8>‑N‟ BJCMERM; Ge`. Bmagcm Cfopjs ^jcdf
BGSR^GN]CGÓE IGSGCF (AFW J]R) BMA CMER^J BM R^FNFKJ
GEB->>8>‑N‟ BJCMERM; Ge`. Bmagcm Cfopjs ^jcdf
9. CFAC]AJS Xrjbuctgvgbfb bm cfbf moprmsf (me nfsm f af prjbuccgóe tjtfa y ma eûomrj bm trfnfkfbjrms)
?
MOX^MSF
X^JB]CCGJE
prjbuctgvgbfb uegb/jn
jnrmrjs
6 Buacm fam`rïf
>8
6
>8
> FEB^MGEF
67
6
67
3 AGSNMRD
69
6
69
2 Irutgaupgs cjrpjrftgje
68
6
68
= Mesfafbfs bm irutfs auau 9 Irutgagzj
6> 66
6 6
6> 66
Xrjbuctgvgbfb me nfsm fa tjtfa bm prjbuctjs tmrogefbjs, pmrsjefs y tgmopj.
?
MOX^MSF
X^JB]CCGJE DJ^FS
prjbuctgvgbfb uegb/dr-djonrm
6 Buacm fam`rïf
>8
6.34
62.=
> FEB^MGEF
67
8.7>
>8.0
3 AGSNMRD
69
8.4
>8.8
2 Irutgaupgs cjrpjrftgje
68
8.9=
6=.2
= Mesfafbfs bm irutfs auau
6>
8.0
60.6
9 Irutgagzj
66
6.2
0.7
GEB->>8>‑N‟ BJCMERM; Ge`. Bmagcm Cfopjs ^jcdf
?
MOX^MSF 6 buacm fam`rgf > 3 2 = 9
X^JB]CCGJE(ns) 6>8
FEB^MGEF AGSNMRD Irutgaupgs cjrpjrftgje mesfafbfs bm irutfs auau irutgagzj
662 44 48 6>8 44
prjbuctgvgbfb ns/dr 6.34 49.79
djrfs
8.7> 8.4 8.9= 8.0 6.2
6>3.76 668.88 6>3.84 606.23 9>.49
Af prjbuctgvgbfb bma prjcmsj (cjstjs)
?
( ) ( )
MOX^MSF 6 > 3 2 = 9
buacm fam`rïf FEB^MGEF AGSNMRD Irutgaupgs cjrpjrftgje mesfafbfs bm irutfs auau irutgagzj
X^JB]CCGJE CJSRJS >8 67 69 68 6> 66
43.3 42.64 99.82 ==.>2 4>.=2 43.36
Xrjbuctgvgbfb uegb/ns 8.>28 8.>>9 8.>2> 8.646 8.62= 8.63>
GEB->>8>‑N‟ BJCMERM; Ge`. Bmagcm Cfopjs ^jcdf
Gecrmometj bm af prjbuctgvgbfb bm cfbf moprmsf (metrm bgimrmetms moprmsfs qum rmfagzfe af ogsof fctgvgbfb) ]tgagzfebj af sg`ugmetm ijrouaf;
∉ ?
∐
MOX^MSF
X(ueb/ns)
X(uegb/dr)
X(ns/d)
irutgaupgs irutgaupg s cjrpjrftgje
6.64
6=.2
6>3.84
buacm fam`rïf
8.>2
62.=
49.79
>8.3347438=
72.6==422>
08.9=3>330
∉ MOX^MSF
X(ueb/ns)
X(uegb/dr)
X(ns/d)
irutgaupgs irutgaupg s cjrpjrftgje
6.64
6=.2
6>3.84
Febrmf
8.>>
>8.0
6>3.76
64.9228904
632.26==42
688.9023=4
∉ MOX^MSF
X(ueb/ns)
X(uegb/dr)
X(ns/d)
irutgaupgs irutgaupg s cjrpjrftgje
6.64
6=.2
6>3.84
Agsnmtd
8.>2
>8
668
>8.3347438=
6>7.40863
47.30>09=0
∉ MOX^MSF
X(ueb/ns)
irutgaupgs irutgaupg s cjrpjrftgje mesfafbfs bm irutfs auau
∉ MOX^MSF irutgaupgs irutgaupg s cjrpjrftgje Irutgagzj
∉
X(uegb/dr)
X(ns/d)
6.64
6=.2
6>3.84
8.62=
60.6
606.23
6>.>4463==7
666.834796
637.>43373
X(ueb/ns)
X(uegb/dr)
X(ns/d)
6.64
6=.2
6>3.84
8.63>
0.7
9>.23
66.64922894
=6.>740863
=8.0>36897
GEB->>8>‑N‟ BJCMERM; Ge`. Bmagcm Cfopjs ^jcdf
Migcgmecgf y migcfcgf jntmegbf me su moprmsf.
? ? 4 ∐ 688 ? 48% 68 ? ? 0. CJECA]SGJE CJECA]SGJEMS MS;
68
∐ 688 ? 99.9%
6=
Cjoj cjecausgóe pjbmojs bmcgr qum tuvgojs uef numef prjbuctgvgbfb
Ms ouy gopjrtfetm me cufaqugmr moprmsf sfnmr ma vfajr bm ajs trfnfkfbjrms y ma nume
ofemkj bm afs oftmrgfs cjoj tfongçe bm afs dmrrfogmetfs bm trfnfkj Me cufetj f af migcfcgf; af cfetgbfb nfsm ium bm 6=, y rmfagzfebj afs jpmrfcgjems cjrrmspjebgmetms ejs bgj ue 99,90%
4. NGNAGJ@^FIÏF dttps;//www.`jj`am.cjo/smfrcd:q?migcgmecgf+ijrouaf+prjbuctgvgbfb&tno?gscd&vm
b?>fd]LMwgk`fglt9zvFd]OOrl@D]40Nj]V>cCm`VGFNFF&jq?migcgmecgf+ijrouaf+&`sZacp?C`EpnPcVF^`MO`VGFNNBO`VG FNNBO`GGFBGCCFFyF FNNBO`GGF BGCCFFyF``FO`GGFB ``FO`GGFBGMCFFVDkG@ GMCFFVDkG@CFFVN^F CFFVN^FmO`WGFNF mO`WGFNFIMN2yN` IMN2yN``F `F MF]VDaBEex=Wz[4mWKoxDo`FcFN2FGFN``@GFWGNl`MBOC2xoFMFjFMNq`M A[3bzATbpmg6pnPiFFVM&scagmet?go`&mg?gk7OWLJ]Cjzl=J]XzZfWqF`
dttps;//www.ucursjs.ca/usufrgj/n4c47>c9637i6b=n7fi6>=f=c9bii2f9/ogZnaj`/r/
FbogegstrfcgjeZbmZJpmrfcgjemsZ-ZCjopamtj.pbi @GF BM AFNJ^FRJ^GJ E» 6 C]^YF BM FX^MEBG[FKM GE@MEGM^F BMAGCM CFOXJS
7. C]MSRGJEF^GJ
GEB->>8>‑N‟ BJCMERM; Ge`. Bmagcm Cfopjs ^jcdf
6. Gbmetgigqum ajs ifctjrms qum bmsifvjrmcme f af prjbuctgvgbfb me su moprmsf, mxpaïqumajs y bmscrgnf ajs ifctjrms qum ifvjrmcme su prjbuctgvgbfb. Fctufaometm, tm, af prjbuctgvgbfb sm df cjevmrtgbj me ma prgecgpfa prjnamof bm af ofyjrïf bm Fctufaome afs moprmsfs, pumstj qum mxgstme oucdfs sgtufcgjems getmrefs qum fimctfe ma rmebgogmetj bm ajs mopamfbjs y qum ouy pjcjs sm dfe bmtmegbj f sjaucgjefrafs. Me mstf jcfsgóe, tm meagstfojs fa`uejs ifctjrms qum fimctfe af prjbuctgvgbfb me ma trfnfkj, y qum rmpmrcutme `rfvmometm me ajs rmsuatfbjs bm afs moprmsfs. ¡Mvïtfajs! Kjrefbfs afnjrfams afr`fs
Ifatf bm cfpfcgtfcgóe afnjrfa
Fctgvgbfbms ouatgtfrmfs
Xmrïjbjs bm bmscfesj cjrtjs
Ofafs cjebgcgjems afnjrfams
>. ºVuç geiaumecgf tgmem af tmcejaj`ïf me rmafcgóe f af prjbuctgvgbfb: Fefagcm ma cfsj bm afs bgimrmetms moprmsfs
Ma gopfctj bm af tmcejaj`ïf me afs moprmsfs pumbm aam`fr f smr tfe fatj, qum afs jr`fegzfcgjems bmnme rmbmigegr ræpgbfometm su ojbmaj bm em`jcgjs y fbfptfrsm f af mcjejoïf bg`gtfa, j bg`gtfa, j bm aj cjetrfrgj pjbrïfe irfcfsfr. irfcfsfr. Metrm ajs oûatgpams nmemigcgjs qum prjpjrcgjef af gopamometfcgóe bm tmcejaj`ïf me afs moprmsfs, sm cumetfe; Jptgogzfcgóe bm prjcmsjs; bmsbm af cjetfngagbfb dfstf `mstgóe y cjetrja bm cfbmef bm suogegstrj -fbmoæs bm afs jpmrfcgjems bm prjbuccgóe- pumbme smr sgopagigcfbfs y omkjrfbfs ombgfetm dmrrfogmetfs tmcejaó`gcfs, jntmegmebj fsï vmetfkfs cjopmtgtgvfs cje afs cufams pjsgcgjefrsm me ma omrcfbj. Metrm afs tmcejaj`ïfs utgagzfbfs me afs moprmsfs pfrf mstm ige, mecumetrfs ajs sjitwfrm fbogegstrftgvjs y afs fpagcfcgjems nfsfbfs me getmag`mecgf frtgigcgfa. y futjoftgzfcgóe prjcmsjs, fsï cjoj af Ofyjr prjbuctgvgbfb; bgsogeucgóe bm mrrjrms, af smsgopagigcfcgóe trfbucme me ue gecrmometj bm bm af prjbuctgvgbfb. Omkjrf me af cjouegcfcgóe; ma gopfctj bm af tmcejaj`ïf me afs moprmsfs ej fnfrcf sjafometm ajs prjcmsjs prjbuctgvjs. Cje dmrrfogmetfs cjoj afs fpagcfcgjems bm omesfkmrïf, mofga, rmbms sjcgfams y vgbmj aafofbfs -metrm jtrfs- ms pjsgnam f`gagzfr afs cjouegcfcgjems tfetj f egvma getmrej cjoj mxtmrej. ^mbuccgóe bm cjstjs; af jptgogzfcgóe bm prjcmsjs, fsï cjoj ma fdjrrj bm tgmopj y af magogefcgóe bm mrrjrms ofeufams, pumbme bmrgvfr me uef rmbuccgóe bm ajs cjstjs jpmrfcgjefams. Omkjr tjof bm bmcgsgjems; `rfe pfrtm bm afs tmcejaj`ïfs ojbmrefs metrm`fe geijrofcgóe rmamvfetm bm ajs prjcmsjs qum mkmcutfe, bftjs bm `rfe vfajr pfrf sustmetfr af tjof bm bmcgsgjems. Ofyjr cjopmtgtgvgbfb; tjbj aj fetmrgjr bmrgvf me ue gecrmometj bm af cjopmtgtgvgbfb, fyubfebj f afs moprmsfs f pjsgcgjefrsm omkjr me sus rmspmctgvjs omrcfbjs.
GEB->>8>‑N‟ BJCMERM; Ge`. Bmagcm Cfopjs ^jcdf
3. ºCuæams sje ajs ombgjs pfrf gecrmometfr af prjbuctgvgbfb cfsj bm afs bgimrmetms moprmsfs: 6. 6. Xrgjrgzfr tfrmfs; Fsg`efr ma egvma bm gopjrtfecgf rmspmctgvj f cfbf tfrmf pmebgmetm ms cafvm pfrf ofetmemr uef f`mebf bm trfnfkj jr`fegzfbf y mqugagnrfbf. Af omkjr ofemrf bm cuopagr cje tjbjs ajs cjoprjogsjs fbqugrgbjs y cje afs imcdfs bm metrm`f pfctfbfs ms crmfr ue cfamebfrgj qum pmrogtf vgsufagzfr afs tfrmfs
>. Ofetmemr uef cjouegcfcgóe iaugbf; Af cjouegcfcgóe ms ue cjopjemetm vgtfa pfrf af prjbuctgvgbfb bm uef jr`fegzfcgóe. Mstfnamcmr, ofetmemr y fagometfr ajs cfefams fbmcufbjs pfrf bgiuebgr af geijrofcgóe metrm mqugpjs y bgrmctgvjs pmrogtm ofetmemr f tjbjs ajs cjafnjrfbjrms fagemfbjs y fctufagzfbjs cje rmspmctj f afs ejvmbfbms qum sm prmsmetme me af cjopföïf.
3. Cugbfr ma fongmetm afnjrfa; ]e nume cagof afnjrfa jirmcm afs cjebgcgjems fbmcufbfs pfrf qum afs pmrsjefs sm ojtgvme y pumbfe cuopagr cje sus tfrmfs, trfnfkme me mqugpj froóegcfometm, froóegcfometm, sm sgmetfe gopjrtfetms y nusqume af ijrof bm cuopagr cje sus jnkmtgvjs f tgmopj.
2. af iamxgngagbfb afnjrfa; Afs pmrsjefs sje cfbf vmz oæs cjescgmetms bm af emcmsgbfb bm cjecgagfr su su vgbf afnjrfa cje af pmrsjefa y nuscfe mopamjs me ajs qum pumbfe ofemkfr su tgmopj sge afs rmstrgccgjems bm djrfrgj trfbgcgjefams. Jirmcmr af jpjrtuegbfb bm `mstgjefr futóejofometm ma tgmopj y ofemkfr sus prjpgjs djrfrgjs bm trfnfkj ms uef præctgcf ojtgvfbjrf y qum dfcm smetgr vfajrfbfs f afs pmrsjefs. pmrsjefs.
2. Cóoj pjbrïf rmfagzfrsm ma fdjrrj me ma usj bm oftmrgfams, oæqugefs y ofej bm jnrf. (Kustgigqum su rmspumstf) 6. Jptgogzfcgóe bm ajs iaukjs bm trfnfkj Fefagzf ma ma iaukj bm trfnfkj trfnfkj emcmsfrgj emcmsfrgj pf pfrf rf af ifnrgcfcgóe ifnrgcfcgóe bm tu prjbuctj. prjbuctj. Mstj gecauym gecauym tjbj aj rmafcgjefbj cje af ifnrgcfcgóe, bmsbm afs pmrsjefs y ajs rmcursjs dfstf af cjouegcfcgóe y ajs prjcmbgogmetjs. Ma ofpmj bm tjbfs mstfs fctgvgbfbms fyubf f ajs prjimsgjefams bm em`jcgjs f supmrvgsfrafs y nuscfr cufaqugmr ofr`me bm omkjrf. Cufebj mxfogefs ue prjcmsj me bmtfaam, tgmebms f mecjetrfr oucdfs `rgmtfs qum fûe ej sm dfe aamefbj. Af goprjvgsfcgóe ms ma jnkmtgvj prgecgpfa bm fefagzfr ma iaukj bm trfnfkj. Ms gopjrtfetm qum ajs prjimsgjefams bm af moprmsf vmfe mstjs mscjaajs y trftme bm cjetrfrrmstfraj, aj qum f af afr`f pumbm rmbucgr cjstms y fuometfr af prjbuctgvgbfb.
>. ^mbucgr ajs cjstms bm ofej bm jnrf Bmspuçs bm fefagzfr ajs prjcmsjs, sg af ofej bm jnrf iïsgcf rmsuatf smr af ofyjr cfr`f me afs djkfs bm cjstms, ms omkjr bmscunrgr ijrofs bm jpmrfr cje uef ofej bm jnrf ojbmstf. Fuequm pgmesms pgmesms qum qum tu iumrzf iumrzf afnjrfa afnjrfa ms nfrftf, nfrftf, me afs moprmsfs moprmsfs bjebm bjebm sm rmqugmrm ofej ofej bm jnrf fatfometm cfagigcfbf ajs cjstms sje oæs fatjs. Cje fa`uejs pafems bm prjcmsj mimctgvjs, ajs ifnrgcfetms cje af fyubf bm prjimsgjefams ‒jnrf y mxpmrtjs ‒ pumbme magogefr pfrtm bma trfnfkj bm ofej bm rmqumrgbj.
GEB->>8>‑N‟ BJCMERM; Ge`. Bmagcm Cfopjs ^jcdf
Gecausj afs moprmsfs pumbme fbqugrgr oæqugefs rjnjtgzfbfs pfrf fqumaafs tfrmfs qum rmqugmrme pjcf cufagigcfcgóe. Su cjstm gegcgfa pumbm smr mamvfbj, pmrj sg ms af oæqugef fbmcufbf pfrf ma prjcmsj cjrrmctj, f af afr`f tfetj af prjbuctgvgbfb cjoj af rmetfngagbfb sm gecrmometfe.
3. Cjstms bm ajs oftmrgfams Cufebj ma cjstm bma oftmrgfa supjem af ofyjr pfrtm bm ajs cjstms tjtfams bm prjbuccgóe, mstæ cafrj qum sm bmnm rmbucgr ajs cjstms bm cjoprf pfrf cjetrjafr y rmbucgr ajs `fstjs. Cjoprf oftmrgfa f `rfema pfrf rmbucgr ajs prmcgjs uegtfrgjs. Af gevmstg`fcgóe bm cjoprfs y af cfbmecgf bma suogegstrj f ajs prjcmsjs bm ifnrgcfcgóe kum`f ue pfpma vgtfa pfrf fubgtfr quç oftmrgfa sm rmqugmrm me quç cfetgbfb y cuæa ej. Af bjcuometfcgóe fbmcufbf y af ijrofcgóe bm ajs mopamfbjs pumbme rmbucgr af cfetgbfb bm oftmrgfa bmsmcdfbj burfetm af prjbuccgóe. Gopamometfr gegcgftgvfs cjoj cjoj Amfe Ofeuifcturge` cjoj ajs smgs prgecgpgjs bm Sg`of pumbm fyubfr f ue ifnrgcfetm me `rfe ombgbf f fdjrrfr bgemrj ombgfetm ma usj jr`fegzfbj bm oftmrgfams.
2. @fstjs `memrfams Ajs cjstms fsjcgfbjs f ajs mbgigcgjs, suogegstrjs (mamctrgcgbfb, f`uf, `fs, tmaçijej, mtc.), bm faofcmefogmetj bm suogegstrjs, ajs vgfkms y cjstms fbogegstrftgvjs sm suofe pfrf cjevmrtgrsm me ajs cjstms `memrfams qum, igefaometm, sm suofe f ajs cjstms bm ifnrgcfcgóe. Mstfnamcmr ue prmsupumstj pfrf mstjs `fstjs y rmvgsfrajs cjestfetmometm pumbm smr uef ombgbf mimctgvf pfrf ofetmemr mstjs cjstms nfkj cjetrja. Mam`gr uef cfbmef bm suogegstrjs fprjpgfbf pumbm fdjrrfr oucdj me aj`ïstgcf. Ojegtjrgzfr jtrjs `fstjs sgouatæemjs tfongçe ms gopjrtfetm yf qum f vmcms sm bmscunrm qum pgmrbme `rfe pfrtm bma cfpgtfa y bmsmqugagnrfe ajs `fstjs y ajs nmemigcgjs.
=. Gestfafcgóe bm mqugpjs ojbmrejs Fa`uefs vmcms vmcms ms emcmsfrgj emcmsfrgj gevmrtgr gevmrtgr ue pjcj pjcj pfrf fdjrrfr fdjrrfr bgemrj. Bm dmcdj, dmcdj, gevmrtgr me mqugpjs pfrf fuometfr af prjbuctgvgbfb ej pfrmcm uef ofaf gbmf. Ej pumbms sm`ugr utgagzfebj ofqugefrgf y mqugpjs vgmkjs me ajs tgmopjs bm djy me bïf y mspmrfr qum iuecgjeme bm ofrfvgaaf. F ombgbf qum af tmcejaj`ïf tmcejaj`ïf fvfezf, aam`fe aam`fe fa omrcfbj omrcfbj omkjrms omkjrms tmcejaj`ïfs. tmcejaj`ïfs. Gevmrtgr Gevmrtgr me ofqugefrgf ojbmref pumbm rmbucgr ajs cjstms bm prjbuccgóe f afr`j pafzj, fbmoæs bm gecrmometfr af prjbuctgvgbfb. Fbmoæs, tfongçe pumbm rmbucgr af emcmsgbfb bm ofej bm jnrf qum fetmrgjrometm sm rmqumrïf pfrf fa`uejs bm ajs prjcmsjs. Af pfrtm gegcgfa bm af gestfafcgóe bm mstjs mqugpjs pumbm smr cjstjsf, pmrj sg pgmesfs me jntmemr nmemigcgjs f afr`j pafzj, sm`urj qum tm ajs prjpjrcgjefræ. ^mbucgr ajs cjstms pumbm smr af omkjr ofemrf bm trfnfkfr migcgmetmometm me uef moprmsf, sge gopjrtfr me quç cfopj bm trfnfkj sm trftm. Me af ifnrgcfcgóe, ma tçrogej migcgmetm sg`egigcf fdjrrfr me oftmrgfs prgofs y ofxgogzfr af prjbuccgóe. Sg uef moprmsf ofeuifcturmrf pumbm rmbucgr ajs cjstms cje ajs puetjs mxpumstjs fetmrgjrometm, sm`urfometm pumbm fuometfr su prjbuctgvgbfb m gecausj fdjrrfr ue pjcj bm bgemrj mxtrf.
=. ºVuç ms prjbuctgvgbfb y me qum sm bgimrmecgfe af Xrjbuccgóe Nrutf, Xrjbuccgóe omrcfetga y Xrjbuccgóe emtf: 9. ºVuç ifctjrms fimctfe f af migcgmecgf prjbuctgvf: Cufebj sm nuscf uef iumetm bm fagometfcgóe, ms vgtfa metmebmr sg iuecgjefræ bm uef ofemrf igfnam y sm`urf. sm`urf . Ajs ge`megmrjs qum bgsmöfe ma mqugpj bmnme jnsmrvfr bmtmegbfometm ajs bftjs ifcgagtfbjs pjr ajs ifnrgcfetms, y aamvfr f cfnj afs prumnfs,
GEB->>8>‑N‟ BJCMERM; Ge`. Bmagcm Cfopjs ^jcdf
sg ms emcmsfrgj, cje ma ige bm cfacuafr ma rmebgogmetj qum rmsuatfrïf me ma pmjr bm ajs cfsjs, pfrf bmtmrogefr sg uef iumetm bm fagometfcgóe cuopam cje ajs crgtmrgjs bm migcgmecgf j ej. Mstj sm bmnm metmebmr me bmtfaam pfrf fsm`urfrsm bm qum sm df smamccgjefbj af iumetm cjrrmctf.
FEMTJ
GEB->>8>‑N‟ BJCMERM; Ge`. Bmagcm Cfopjs ^jcdf
GEB->>8>‑N‟ BJCMERM; Ge`. Bmagcm Cfopjs ^jcdf
GEB->>8>‑N‟ BJCMERM; Ge`. Bmagcm Cfopjs ^jcdf
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