Lab.-6

TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES – MANILA

Laboratory Exercise No. 6 Repetition Structures in MATLAB 1. Objective: The activity aims to write and use for-end and while-end loops. 2. Intended Learning Outcomes (ILOs): The students shall be able to: 2.1 Write and use for-end loops 2.2 Write and use while-end loops 3. Discussion : In order to create any computer program, the organization of the statements that make it must be given due consideration. The sections of the MATLAB code or any computer code for that matter are classified into sequences, selection structures and repetition structures. Loops is the other name for repetition structures and it has five basic parts that includes: 1. a parameter that serves as a way to end the loop or not 2. starting value for the parameter 3. in each time of the loop there should be a way to change the parameter which provides a means to stop the execution of the repetition 4. to decide when to end the repetition there should be a comparison to a criterion using the parameter 5. there should be a calculation inside the repetition structure There are two different types of loops that are being supported by matlab that includes: 1. the for loop and 2. the while loop Midpoint break loop is the third type of loop that makes use of two additional commands which are break and continue. Whenever the number of times to repeat the loop is known the for loop is the easiest to use. Whenever there is a need to keep repeating the instructions until a criterion is met the while loop is the easiest to use. Whenever the commands in the loop is executed at least once but the decision to exit the loop is based on some criterion the midpoint break loop is the easiest to use. Matlab programs can be composed that avoid loops by using either the find command or by vectorizing the code which means that the entire vectors are operated at a time instead of one element at a time. Because vectorized programs run faster and requires few programming steps. It is a good idea to avoid loops if possible.

Malicdem, Roxette H.

TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES – MANILA

The for loop structure is fairly simple. The starting point of the for loop is the command for followed by the index that determines when to end the repetitions. This index changes for every time it passes through the loop. The group of commands which are to be executed follows the starting line. And the command end provides the ending of the loop. The structure is: for index = [ matrix ] commands here end The format for a while loop is while criterion Commands here end While loops continue until some criterion is met. With loop control statements, you can repeatedly execute a block of code.

4. Resources: Matlab 5. Procedure: 1. Create an m-file with the following contents: % filename: yourSurname_le06_p01.m

for k = [ 1 3 5 7 9] k end

Run it and show the results. Note: k here is an index matrix and for loop is executed depending on the number of elements in the index matrix. In this case, it executes five times. 2. Create an m-file ( filename: yourSurname_le06_p02.m) using for loop which results in the values of k equal to even numbers from 2 to 20, one at a time. Run it and show the results. 3. Create an m-file with the following contents: % filename: yourSurname_le06_p03.m for k = 1:2:9 a = 8^k end Run it and show the results. Note: The index matrix use a colon operator. 4. Create an m-file (filename: yourSurname_le06_p04.m) using for loop and an index matrix with a colon operator which results in the values of a equal to 4k wherein k has values from 5 to 100 with an interval of 5. Run it and show the results. 5. Create an m-file ( filename: yourSurname_le06_po05.m) with the following contents: scores = [ 56, 77, 92, 97]; length(scores)

Malicdem, Roxette H.

TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES – MANILA

Run it and show the results. 6. Create an m-file with the following contents: % filename: yourSurname_le06_p06.m scores = [56,77,92,97]; count = 0; for k = 1:length(scores) if scores(k) > 90 count = count + 1 end end disp(count) Run it and show the results. Note: Starting from Procedure 9, follow the previous ways of naming m-files. 7. Create an m-file displaying the number of students who pass the preliminary grading period in a class with the prelim grades of the students : 85, 74, 82, 68, 74, 87, 96, 87, 65, 73, 89 and 56. 8. Create an m-file that displays a table that converts angle values from degrees to radians, from 0 to 360 degrees, in increments of 10 degrees. 9. Create an m-file that displays a table that converts the degree centigrade to degree Fahrenheit, from 0 to 100 degree centigrade, in increments of 5 degree centigrade. 10. Create an m-file that displays a table that converts inches to feet. 11. Create an m-file with the following contents: k= 0; while k < 5 k=k+1 end Run it. Note: k is the counter and is initialized to zero. 12. Create an m-file with the following contents k = 0; while k < 5 k = k + 1; a(k)= 6^k end Run it. 13. Create an m-file that displays the first multiple of 4 that is less than 20. 14. Create an m-file with the following contents: scores = [ 56, 78, 92, 97,56]; count = 0; k = 0; while k < length(scores) Malicdem, Roxette H.

TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES – MANILA

k = k + 1; if scores(k) > 90 count=count +1; end end disp(count) Run it. Note: Variable count is used to count how many values are greater than 90 and variable k is used to count how many times the loop is executed. 15. Create an m-file with the following contents: x= input(‘Enter a positive value of x’) while (x > Malicdem_le06_p01 k= 1 k= 3 k= 5 k= 7 k= 9 2

EDITOR WINDOW: for k= [2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20] k end COMMAND WINDOW:

>> Malicdem_le06_p01 k=2 k=4 k=6 k=8 k = 10 k = 12 k = 14 k = 16 k = 18 k = 20 3

EDITOR WINDOW: for k = 1:2:9 a = 8^k end EDITOR WINDOW:

>> Malicdem_le06_p013 a=8 a = 512 a = 32768 a = 2097152 a = 134217728

Malicdem, Roxette H.

TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES – MANILA

4

EDITOR WINDOW: for scores = [ 56, 77, 92, 97]; length(scores) end COMMAND WINDOW:

>> Malicdem_le06_p05 ans = 1 ans = 1 ans = 1 ans = 1 5

EDITOR WINDOW: scores = [56,77,92,97]; count = 0; for k = 1:length(scores) if scores(k) > 90 count = count + 1 end end disp(count) COMMAND WINDOW:

>> Malicdem_le06_p06 count = 1 count = 2 2 6

EDITOR WINDOW: scores = [7. 85, 74, 82, 68, 74, 87, 96, 87, 65, 73, 89, 56]; count = 0; for k = 1:length(scores) if scores(k) > 75 count = count + 1 end end disp(count) COMMAND WINDOW:

>> Malicdem_le06_p07 count = 1 count = 2 count = 3 count = 4 count = Malicdem, Roxette H.

TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES – MANILA

5 count = 6 6

8

EDITOR WINDOW: fprintf('Degrees to Radians\n') fprintf('Degrees Radians\n') for degrees = 0:10:360 radians = (pi./180).*(degrees); fprintf('%8.0f %8.2f \n', degrees, radians) end COMMAND WINDOW: >> Malicdem_le06_p08 Degrees to Radians Degrees Radians 0 0.00 10 0.17 20 0.35 30 0.52 40 0.70 50 0.87 60 1.05 70 1.22 80 1.40 90 1.57 100 1.75 110 1.92 120 2.09 130 2.27 140 2.44 150 2.62 160 2.79 170 2.97 180 3.14 190 3.32 200 3.49 210 3.67 220 3.84 230 4.01 240 4.19 250 4.36 260 4.54 270 4.71 280 4.89 290 5.06 300 5.24 310 5.41

Malicdem, Roxette H.

TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES – MANILA

9

10

320 5.59 330 5.76 340 5.93 350 6.11 360 6.28 EDITOR WINDOW: fprintf('Degrees Centigrade to Degree Fahrenheit \n') fprintf('Degrees Centigrade Degree Fahrenheit\n') for Centigrade = 0:5:100; Fahrenheit = (Centigrade*9/5)+32 ; fprintf('%8.0f %8.2f \n', Centigrade, Fahrenheit) end COMMAND WINDOW: >> Malicdem_le06_p09 Degrees Centigrade to Degree Fahrenheit Degrees Centigrade Degree Fahrenheit 0 32.00 5 41.00 10 50.00 15 59.00 20 68.00 25 77.00 30 86.00 35 95.00 40 104.00 45 113.00 50 122.00 55 131.00 60 140.00 65 149.00 70 158.00 75 167.00 80 176.00 85 185.00 90 194.00 95 203.00 100 212.00 EDITOR WINDOW: fprintf('Inches to Feet\n') fprintf('Inches Feet\n') for inches = 0:1:10 feet = (inches/12); fprintf('%8.0f %8.2f \n', inches, feet) end COMMAND WINDOW: >> Malicdem_le06_p10 Inches to Feet Inches Feet 0 0.00 1 0.08 2 0.17 3 0.25

Malicdem, Roxette H.

TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES – MANILA

11

4 0.33 5 0.42 6 0.50 7 0.58 8 0.67 9 0.75 10 0.83 EDITOR WINDOW: k= 0; while k < 5 k = k + 1 end COMMAND WINDOW: >> Malicdem_le06_p11

12

k = 1 k = 2 k = 3 k = 4 k = 5 EDITOR WINDOW: k = 0; while k < 5 k = k + 1; a(k)= 6^k end COMMAND WINDOW: >> Malicdem_le06_p12 a a a a a

13

= = = = =

6 6 6 6 6

36 36 36 36 36

EDITOR WINDOW: k= 0; while k < 20 k = k + 4 end COMMAND WINDOW: >> Malicdem_le06_p13 k = 4 k = 8 k = 12 k = 16 k = 20

Malicdem, Roxette H.

216 216 216 216 216

1296 1296 1296 1296 1296

7776 7776 7776 7776 7776

TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES – MANILA

14

15

EDITOR WINDOW: scores = [ 45, 18, 52, 97,36]; count = 0; k = 0; while k < length(scores) k = k + 1; if scores(k) > 90 count=count +1; end end disp(count) COMMAND WINDOW: >> Malicdem_le06_p14 1 EDITOR WINDOW: x= input('Enter a positive value of x') while (x > Malicdem_le06_p15 Enter a positive value of x 04

16

x = 4 The log base 10 of >> 27 ans = 27 EDITOR WINDOW: fprintf('Degrees to Radians\n') fprintf('\nDegrees Radians\n') degrees=0; while degrees < 360; degrees = degrees + 20; radians = (pi/180)*degrees; fprintf('%8.0f %8.2f \n', degrees, radians); end COMMAND WINDOW: >> Untitled Degrees to Radians Degrees Radians 20 0.35 40 0.70 60 1.05 80 1.40 100 1.75 120 2.09 140 2.44

Malicdem, Roxette H.

TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES – MANILA

17

160 2.79 180 3.14 200 3.49 220 3.84 240 4.19 260 4.54 280 4.89 300 5.24 320 5.59 340 5.93 360 6.28 EDITOR WINDOW: fprintf('Inches to Feet\n') fprintf('\nInches Feet\n') inches=0; while inches < 5; inches = inches + 1; feet = (1/12)*inches; fprintf('%8.0f %8.2f \n', inches, feet); end COMMAND WINDOW: >> Malicdem_spec17 Inches to Feet Inches

18

19

Feet 1 0.08 2 0.17 3 0.25 4 0.33 5 0.42 EDITOR WINDOW: n = 5; for i=1:n fprintf( '%6d end

COMMAND WINDOW: >> Malicdem_spec18 1 1.0000 2 1.4142 3 1.7321 4 2.0000 5 2.2361 EDITOR WINDOW: n = 20; for i=1:n fprintf( '%6d sqrt(i)); end COMMAND WINDOW: >> Malicdem_spec19 1 1.0000

Malicdem, Roxette H.

%8.4f\n', i, sqrt(i));

%8.4f\n', i,

TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES – MANILA

20

2 1.4142 3 1.7321 4 2.0000 5 2.2361 6 2.4495 7 2.6458 8 2.8284 9 3.0000 10 3.1623 11 3.3166 12 3.4641 13 3.6056 14 3.7417 15 3.8730 16 4.0000 17 4.1231 18 4.2426 19 4.3589 20 4.4721 EDITOR WINDOW: n=180; fprintf(' Degrees for i=0:pi/6:pi fprintf( '%8.2f sin(i),cos(i)); end

21

Sine

%8.2f

\n');

%8.2f\n', i,

COMMAND WINDOW: >> Malicdem_spec20 Degrees Sine Cosine 0.00 0.00 1.00 30.00 -0.99 0.15 60.00 -0.30 -0.95 90.00 0.89 -0.45 120.00 0.58 0.81 150.00 -0.71 0.70 180.00 -0.80 -0.60 EDITOR WINDOW: n=20; for i=1:n; S=(n/2)*(1+n); end disp(' The Sum of the Integers is:'); disp(S) COMMAND WINDOW: >> Malicdem_spec21 The Sum of the Integers is: 210

Malicdem, Roxette H.

Cosine

TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES – MANILA

7. Conclusion: I therefore conclude that MATLAB programming is not just good in solving simple matrices but also in solving simple mathematical operations as well as the square root and conversions of different trigonometric which we can find hard to solve manually.

8. Assessment (Rubric for Laboratory Performance): TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES RUBRIC FOR LABORATORY PERFORMANCE CRITERIA

T I P – V P A A – 0 5 4 D Revision Status/Date: 0/2009 September 09

BEGINNER 1

ACCEPTABLE 2

PROFICIENT 3

Members do not demonstrate needed skills.

Members occasionally demonstrate needed skills.

Members always demonstrate needed skills.

Experimental Set-up

Members are unable to set-up the materials.

Members are able to set-up the materials with supervision.

Process Skills

Member do not demonstrate targeted process skills.

Members occasionally demonstrate targeted process skills.

Safety Precautions

Members do not follow safety precautions.

Members follow safety precautions most of the time.

Members do not finish on time with incomplete data.

Members finish on time with incomplete data.

I. Laboratory Skills Manipulative Skills

Members are able to set-up the material with minimum supervision. Members always demonstrate targeted process skills. Members follow safety precautions at all times.

II. Work Habits Time Management / Conduct of Experiment

Cooperative Teamwork

Neatness Orderliness

Malicdem, Roxette H.

and

and

Members do not know their tasks and have no defined responsibilities. Group conflicts have to be settled by the teacher.

Messy workplace during and after the experiment.

Members have defined responsibilities most of the time. Group conflicts are cooperatively managed most of the time.

Clean and orderly workplace with occasional mess during and after the experiment.

Members finish ahead of time with complete data and time to revise data. Members are on tasks and have defined responsibilities at all times. Group conflicts are cooperatively managed at all times. Clean and orderly workplace at all times during and after the experiment.

SCORE

TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES – MANILA

Ability to do independent work

Members supervision teacher.

require by the

Other Comments / Observations:

Members require occasional supervision by the teacher.

Members do not need to be supervised by the teacher.

TOTAL SCORE RATING

=

TotalScore 24 ) x 100%

Evaluated by: _______________________________________ Printed Name and Signature of Faculty Member ___________________________

Malicdem, Roxette H.

Date:

(

TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES – MANILA

Laboratory Exercise No. 6 Repetition Structures in MATLAB

Malicdem, Roxette H.