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LDGJPMYLQ 6. @jtjrom romkfr cf plc plcfrm` rm`f` `j cls cls `jvfkf`ls `jc trfksilrof`lr. 4. Fprj Fprjk` k`jr jr añol añol sj alkj alkjat atfk fk cls cls `jvfkf `jv fkf`ls `ls `jc trfksilr trfksilrof`l of`lrr jk sjrmj sjrmj f`mtmvf. 1. Fprj Fprjk` k`jr jr añol añol sj alkj alkjat atfk fk cls cls `jvfkf `jv fkf`ls `ls `jc trfksilr trfksilrof`l of`lrr jk sjrmj sjrmj sudstrfatmvf. JR^LQMAMLK Aufk`l fk`l

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prmofrml `j uk trfksilrof`lr plr oj`ml `j ukf iujktj `a a-f, sj jstfdcjaj uk icugl ofekítmal fctjrkl jk jc k÷acjl `jc trfks fksil ilrrof`lr `lr. Jstj icu icugl fctj ctjrkl alkaftjkf cfs vujctfs `a af`f `jvfkf`l `jc trfks fksilr lrof of` `lr mk`u k`uamjk` jk`l fsï vlct vl ctfg fgjs js `j a-f a-f jk jccls ccls.. Jstu Jstu` `mj jc amraumtl quj sj mcustrf jk cf Imeurf 0>-6.

^lr `jimkmamñk, uk vlctfgj jk a-f afodmf alktmkufojktj su vfclr y su plcfrm`f`, plr cl tf tfk ktl tl,, jc vlctfg ctfgj j fpc fpcmaf maf`l fc

`jvfkf` `jvf kf`l l prmofr prmofrml ml (tjrom (tjromkfc kfcjs js 6 y 4) afodmf alkstfktjojktj cf plcfrm`f` `j cf tjromkfc 6 alk rjspjatl f cf `j cf tjro tjromk mkf fc 4. Cfs Cfs tjro tjromk mkfc fcjs js 6 y 4 kl puj`jk tjkjr gfoæs cf omsof plcfrm`f`. Cf tjromkfc 6 `jdj sjr smjoprj plsmtmvf l kjeftmvf alk rjspjatl f cf tjromkfc 4. ^lrr al ^l alks ksme meum umjk jktj tj,, jc icug icugl l ofek ofekít ítma mal l fctj fctjrk rkl l mk`u mk`uaj aj vl vlct ctfg fgjs js jk tl`l tl`ls s cls cls `joæs oæs `jv `jvfkf`ls, ls, bfamjk` mjk`l l quj fpfrjzaf uk vlctfgj `j a-f jk af`f pfr  `l tjromkfcjs. Cfs tjromkfcjs `j af`f `jvfkf`l tfodmík afodmfk `j plcfrm`f` cf ukf jk rjcfamñk f cf ltrf. Aufk`l sj bfdcf `j cf –plcfrm`f`‟ `j cls `jvf `j vfkf kf`l `ls s `j uk trfk trfksi silr lrof of`l `lr, r, sj trftf, `j m`jktmimafr tl`fs cfs tjromkfcjs quj tmjkjk cf omsof plcfrm`f` (plsmtmvf l kjeftmvf) jk jc omsol mkstfktj. ^lr cl alo÷k sj utmcmzfk ofrafs `j plcfrm`f` pfrf m`jktmimafr jstfs tjromkfcjs. Jstfs ofra of rafs fs puj` puj`jk jk sjr sjr pukt puktls ls kjer kjerls ls,, aruajs, k÷ojrls, cjtrfs l aufcqumjr ltrl smekl sme kl quj quj mk`mq mk`mquj uj auæc auæcjs js tjromk tjromkfcj fcjs s tmjkjk cf omsof plcfrm`f`. ^lr jgjopcl, jk cf Imeurf 0>-6 sj utmcmzfrlk puktls kjerls. Jstls puktls kjerls, l –ofrafs `j plcfrm`f`” sjöfcfk quj jk uk mkstfktj `f`l, aufk`l 6 js plsmtmvl alk rjspjatl f 4, 1 js plsmtmvl alk rjspjatl f 0, 9 js plsmtmvl alk rjspjatl :, 5 js plsmtmvl alk rjspjatl f 2, y 6> js plsmtmvl alk rjspjatl f =. Alkvmjkj bfajr kltfr quj ukf tjromkfc kl puj`j sjr plsmtmvf plr sï slcf, sñcl

 

puj`j sjrcl alk rjspjatl f ltrf tjromkfc. Jk alksjaujkamf, jk aufcqumjr  olojktl `f`l, cfs tjromkfcjs 6, 1, 9, 5 y 6> slk tl`fs plsmtmvfs alk rjspjatl f cfs tjromkfcjs 4, 0, :, 2 y =.

oj`mamñk! 6. 6.6Alkjatj jc oj`m`lr `j L-4>Y a-` f cf sfcm`f vfrmfdcj jk a-` `j cf

Auf ufk k`l cfs cfs dftj dftjrï rïfs fs (l ajc` ajc`fs fs)) sj alkjat alkj atfk fk jk sjrm sjrmj j pfrf pfrf ldtj ldtjkj kjrr uk ofyl of ylrr vl vlct ctfg fgj j `j sfcm sfcm`f `f,, cf tjro tjromk mkfc fc plsmtmvf `j ukf `j cfs dftjrïfs sj `jdj alkjatfr alk cf tjromkfc kjeftmvf `j cf smeumjktj. Aufk`l sj alkjatfk jk jstf ilro ilrof, f, cls cls vlct vlctfg fgjs js mk`m mk`mvm vm`u `ufc fcjs js sj suofk. @j meufc ofkjrf, sm cls `jvfkf`ls `jc trfksilrof`lr sj alkjatfk jk sjrmj pfrf quj sus vlctfgjs mk`mvm`ufcjs sj suojk l sjfk f`mtmvls,

iujktj `j fcmojktfamñk, tjromkfcjs 5 y K. 6.4Alkjatj 6.4 Alkjatj cf iujktj `a fcmojktfamñk y fg÷stjcf cjktfojktj f uk vlctfgj `j 6>Y a-`. 6.1Qmk tlafr cf pjrmccf `j alktrlc `jc vlctfgj, `jsalkjatj cf iujktj `j jkjreïf y `jsalkjatj jc oj`m`lr. 6.0Alkjatj jc amraumtl mcustrf`l jk cf Imeurf 0>.4, utmcmzfk`l cls Oñ`ucls JOQ `j trfksilrof`lr,

cf tjromkfc alk cf –ofraf `j plcfrm`f`” `j uk `jvfkf`l sj `jdj alkjatfr f cf tjromkfc –kl ofraf`f‟ `jc ltrl `jvfkf`l.

iujktj iuj ktj `jquj fcm fcmojk ojktf tfam amñk ñk `j `j4>>Y a-`. a-`. Ldsjrvj jc oj`m`lr a-` sj alkjatf f cfs tjromkfcjs 1 y 0.

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Oñ`ucl `j iujktj `j fcmojktfamñk (L-64>Y a-f, L-64>Y a-`) JOQ 2246 Oñ`ucl `j oj`mamñk `j a-f (4>/4:>/4:>Y) JOQ 2049 Oñ`ucl `j oj`mamñk `a a-` (4>/4>>Y) JOQ 2064 Oñ`ucl `j trfksilrof`lr Afdcj cjs s `a alkjxm xmñ ñk

JOQ 2106 JOQ 2=06

^TLAJ@MOMJKPLQ  F`vjrtjkamf7 ¡Jk jstj Jxpjrmojktl  F`vjrtjkamf7 Jxpjrmojktl `j Cfdlrft Cfd lrftlrml lrml sj ofkjgfk ofkjgfk fctls fctls vlctfgjs vlctfgjs!! ¡Kl bfef kmkeukf alkjxmñk aufk`l cf iujktj jstí alkjatf`f! Cf iujktj `jdj `jsalkjatfrsj `jspuís `j bfajr af`f

6.:Ldsjrvj cf `jicjxmñk `j cf feugf `jc vlctïojtrl `j a-` jk jc oloj ol ojkt ktl l jk quj sj amjr amjrrf rf jc mktjrruptlr `j cf iujktj `j fcmo fcmojk jktf tfam amñk ñk.. Qm cf feug feugf f `jc `jc vlctïojtrl sj `jsvïf olojktækjfojktj f cf `jrjabf, cfs cfs tjro tjromk mkf fcjs cjs 6 y 1 tmjk tmjkjk jk cf

 

omsof ofraf omsof ofraf `j plcfr plcfrm` m`f`. f`. (Cf (Cf tj tjro romk mkfc fc 6 sj alkj alkjat atf f fc cf`l cf`l plsmtmvl `j cf iujktj `j fcmojktfamñk jk a-`. y cf tjromkfc 1 fc plcl plsmtmvl `jc vlctïojtrl.) 6.9¼Auæcjs tjromkfcjs slk plsmtmvfs jk cls `jvfkf`ls 6 f 4 y 1 f 0<  \\\\\\\\\\\\\  \\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\  \\  6.5@jsalkjatj jc vlctïojtrl `j a-` `jc `jvfkf`l 1 f 0, y alkíatjcl fc `jvfkf`l f`l : f 9. Tjpmtf mtf cf lpjrfamñk (j). 6.2¼Auæcjs tjromkfcjs slk plsmtmvfs jk cls `jvfkf`ls 6 f 4 y : f 9<  \\\\\\\\\\\\\  \\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\  \\  6.=Yu =Yujcvf jc vlctfgj f ajrl y `jsalkjatj fcmojktfamñk.

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4. Jk jstj ^rlaj`momjktl sj alkjatfræk jk sjrmj `ls `jvfkf`ls `j uk trfksilrof`lr8 fc ldsjrvfr cls jijatls quj jstl prl`uaj, sj fprj rja amfr fræ æ cf mop moplr lrtf tfk kamf `j cf plcfrm`f`. 4.6Alkjatj jc amraumtl mcustrf`l jk cf Imeurf 0>-1, utmcmzfk`l jc Ol`ucl JOQ `j oj`mamñk `j af. Ldsjrvj quj cf tjromkfc 6 sj alkjatf alk cf :.

4.4 A Al lkjatj cf iujktj `j fcmojktfamñk y fg÷stjcf jxfatfojktj f 6>0Y a-f (cf omtf` `jc vlctfgj klomkfc `jc `jvfkf`l 1 f 0). 4.1Om`f y fkltj cls vlctfgjs jk cfs tjromkfcjs smeumjktjs7 J6 f 4?\\\\\\\\\\\Yaf J: f 9? \\\\\\\\\\\Yaf J4 f 9?\\\\\\\\\\\\ Yaf

4.0Tj 0Tj` `uzaf zaf jc vlctf ctfgj f ajrl y `jsalkjatj cf iujktj `a fcmojktfamñk. 4.:Vu :Vumt mtj j cf alkjxmñk mñk jkt jktrj cfs cfs tjro tjromk mkfc fcjs js 6 y :. Alkj Alkjat atj j cfs cfs tjromkfcjs 6 y 9, y cujel alkjatj jc vlctïojtrl f cfs tjromkfcjs 4 y :, alol sj mk`maf jk cf Imeurf 0>0.

 

4.6> 4.6> ¼Auæ ¼Auæcj cjs s tjro tjromk mkfc fcjs js tmjk tmjkjk jk cf omsof plcfrm`f`-:. Ldsjrvj quj jc `jvfkf`l 1 f 0 jstæ alkjatf` f ukf iujk iujktj tj `j fcmoj fcmojkt ktfam famñk ñk `j 6>0Y a-f. ¡Kl alkjatj jc amraumtl tl`fvïf!

4.9 Al Alkjatj cf iujktj (cj fcmojktfamñk y fg÷stjcf jxfatfojktj f 6>0Y af. 4.5Om`f y fkltj cls vlctfgjs jk cfs smeumjktjs tjromkfcjs7 J6 f 4?\\\\\\\\\\\Yaf J: f 9? \\\\\\\\\\\Yaf J4 f 9?\\\\\\\\\\\\ Yaf

4. 4.2Tj 2Tj` `uzaf ac vlctfgj tfgj f ajr jrl l y `jsalkjatj cf iujktj `j fcmojktfamñk. 4.=Jxp6ï 4.=Jxp 6ïquj quj plr plr quí quí jc vl6tj vl6tj alk alk `ls `jvfkf`ls jk sjrmj js fprl fp rlxm xmof of`f `foj ojkt ktj j ajrl ajrl jk uk afsl, y afsm 64>Y j-f jk jc ltrl.  \\\\\\\\\\\\\  \\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\  \   \\\\\\\\\\\\\  \\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\  \   \\\\\\\\\\\\\  \\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\  \   \\\\\\\\\\\\\  \\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\  \   \\\\\\\\\\\\\  \\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\  \   \\\\\\\\\\\\\  \\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\  \   \\\\\\\\\\\\\  \\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\  \\\\\ 

1.4¼Auæc 1.4 ¼Auæc js jc vl6tfgj mk`uam`l mk`uam`l jk jc `jvfkf`l 6 f 4< \\\\\\ Yaf 1.1Qm jc `jvfkf`l 6 f 4 sj alkjatf jk sjrmj alk jc `jvfkf`l 1 f 0, ¼auæcjs slk cls trjs vlctfgjs `j sfcm`f sfc m`f quj quj sj puj`j puj`jk k ldtj ldtjkjr kjr< <  \\\\\Yaf,\\\\\  \\\\\Ya f,\\\\\\ \ Yaf y  \\\\\\Yaf.  \\\\\\Y af. 1.0Alkjatj jc amraumtl mcustrf`l jk cf Imeurf 0>-: y alkjatj cls `jvfkf`ls jk sjrmj, ukmjk`l cfs tjromkfcjs 6 y 1. 1.: A Al lkjatj cf iujktj `j fcm fcmojk ojktf tfamñ amñk k y fg÷stj fg÷stjcf cf f 6>0Y 6>0Y af. Om`f y fkltj jc vlctfgj jktrj cfs tjromkfcjs 4 y 0. J4 f 0?\\\\\\\\Yaf

 

1. 1.9Tj 9Tj` `uzaf jc vlctf ctfgj f ajrl y `jsalkjatj cf iujktj `j fcmojktfamñk. 1. 1.5Vu 5Vumt mtj j cf alkjxm jxmñk jktrj cfs cfs tjromkfcjs 6 y 1 y alkjatj cfs tjromkfcjs 6 y 0. 1.2 Al Alkjatj cf iujktj `j fcmojktfamñk fcmojktf amñk y fg÷stjcf f 6>0Y A`. Om`f y fkltj jc vlctfgj jktrj cfs tjromkfcjs 4 f 1 y 6 f 4. J4 f 1?\\\\\\\\Yaf J6 f 4?\\\\\\\\Yfa

6. Qupl Quplke kef f quj quj tmjk tmjkj j ukf ukf iujk iujktj tj `j fcmojktfamñk `j 64>Y a-f y quj tl`ls cls `jvfkf`ls `jc oñ`ucl `j trfks trf ksilr ilrof` of`lr lr `jsfrr `jsfrrlcc lccfk fk su vlctf vlctfgj gj klom kl omkf kfc8 c8 f alkt alktmk mkuf ufam amñk ñk,, sj `jgf `jgfrl rlk k jspfamls pfrf quj ustj` mk`mquj añol alkjatfrïf cls `jvfkf`ls pfrf ldtjkjr  cls smeumjktjs vlctfgjs. f) 40> vlcts cts7

1. 1.=Tj =Tj` `uzaf jc vlctf ctfgj f ajrl y `jsalkjatj cf iujktj `j fcmojktfamñk. 1. 1.6> 6> ¼Alm ¼Almka kam` m`jk jk cls cls rjsu rjsuct ctf` f`ls ls `j (j) y (b) alk cl prjvmstl jk (a)<  \\\\\\\\\\\\\  \\\\\\ \\\\\\\\ \ Fopcïj su rjspujstf.  \\\\\\\\\\\\\  \\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\  \\   \\\\\\\\\\\\\  \\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\  \\   \\\\\\\\\\\\\  \\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\  \\   \\\\\\\\\\\\\  \\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\  \\   \\\\\\\\\\\\\  \\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\  \\   \\\\\\\\\\\\\  \\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\  \\   \\\\\\  1. 1.66 66 ¼Auæ ¼Auæcj cjs s tjro tjromk mkfc fcjs js tmjk tmjkjk jk cf omsof plcfrm`f`<  \\\\\\\\\\\\\  \\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\  \\\\\\   \\\\\\\\\\\\\  \\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\  \\\\\\   \\\\\\\\\\\\\  \\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\  \\\\\\   \\\\\\\\\\\\   \\\\\\ \\\\\\  ^TZJDF

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d) 62> vlcts cts7

 

a) 22 vl vlcts7

`) =4 vlcts lcts77