lab-11-contaminacion-con-solidos-de-formacion-aumentado-Copia-renovado-1.docx

FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS EXACTAS Y TECNOLOGÍA CARRERA: INGENIERÍA PETROLERA

CONTAMINACION CONTAMINACION CON SOLIDOS DE FORMACION

“

”

MATERIA

: FLUIDOS DE PERFORACION

SIGLA

: PET-216

GRUPO

: P1

SUBGRUPO

: "A"

DOCENTE

: ING. EGUEZ VERICOCHEA DENIS HUMBERTO

FECHA

: 12/06/2017 SANTA CRUZ - BOLIVIA

Trusted by over 1 million members

Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.

Trusted by over 1 million members

Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.

Trusted by over 1 million members

Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.

Trusted by over 1 million members

Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.

Trusted by over 1 million members

Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.

Trusted by over 1 million members

Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.

INTEGRANTES:



LLANOS CASERES EDUARDO



CARRASCO MARCO FABIOLA



QUEREMA SOLANGE



SALAZAR HINOJOSA MIRELIA



SORIA VARGAS ALVARO ENRIQUE

JEFE DE GRUPO

Trusted by over 1 million members

Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.

Trusted by over 1 million members

Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.

Trusted by over 1 million members

Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.

Trusted by over 1 million members

Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.

Trusted by over 1 million members

Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.

LABORATORIO N°11 CONTAMINACION CON SOLIDOS DE FORMACION 1. - OBJETIVO GENERAL.Elaborar un lodo contaminado con sólidos de formación y posterior determinar las propiedades reológicas del lodo defloculado realizando su ajuste necesario. 2. -INTRODUCCION.En la presente práctica, vamos a determinar cada uno de de los pasos a realizar para la preparación de un lodo bentonitico contaminado con sólidos de formación, realizaremos la defloculación con el dispersante dispersante adecuado, adecuado, así mismo mediremos mediremos sus propiedades propiedades reológicas, pH y densidad y si hubiera diferencia de comparación comparación de datos es necesario ajustar. ajustar. 3. - FUNDAMENTO TEORICO.

FLUÍDO DE PERFORACIÓN

Es una mezcla heterogénea con una fase continua (agua, aceite, etc.), que en nuestro laboratorio fue agua, junto con otra fase discontinua que son los productos químicos como la bentonita, que se le agregan al lodo para que este tenga propiedades y pueda cumplir ciertas funciones para poder realizar la perforación de pozos productores de hidrocarburos. 

DENSIDAD DEL LODO

La densidad o peso del lodo es el peso por unidad de volumen, es la propiedad más crítica de cualquier fluido de perforación ya que que con ella se provee el control primario del pozo. pozo. La densidad del fluido de perforación debe ser ajustada de modo que la presión hidrostática de su columna dentro del pozo sea suficiente para equilibrar la presión de las formaciones expuestas (excepto cuando se perfora en bajo balance) y permita un margen de seguridad de 200 psi. Sin embargo, si el sobre balance es excesivo podría ocurrir atrapamiento diferencial, daño de formación (invasión excesiva de fluido) o fractura hidráulica (provocando pérdidas de fluido). 

VISCOSIDAD

La viscosidad se puede describir como la resistencia interna de un fluido a circular. Es una propiedad importante de los fluidos de perforación. 

VISCOSIDAD PLÁSTICA (VP)

Es el aporte de resistencia al movimiento de partes del fluido, debido a la concentración, tamaño y formas de las partículas de un sólido que se encuentra en él. Un incremento de la concentración de solidos resultara de un incremento en el valor de la viscosidad plástica. El

Trusted by over 1 million members

Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.

Trusted by over 1 million members

Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.

Trusted by over 1 million members

Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.

Trusted by over 1 million members

Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.

Trusted by over 1 million members

Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.



PUNTO CEDENTE (PC)

Es la parte de la resistencia al flujo causadas por las fuerzas de atracción entre partículas, esta fuerza atractiva son causadas por las cargas eléctricas sobre la superficie de las partículas dispersas en la fase fluida fluida del lodo. El valor del Punto Cedente (PC) es dado lb/100 pie 2 

PH (POTENCIAL DE HIDRÓGENO)

El pH es una medida de acidez de  acidez o alcalinidad de una disolución. una disolución. El  El pH indica la concentración de + iones hidronio iones hidronio [H3O]  presentes en determinadas disoluciones. En disolución acuosa, la escala de pH varía, típicamente, de 0 a 14. Son  ácidas las disoluciones con pH menores que 7 (el valor del exponente de la concentración es mayor, porque hay más iones en la disolución) y  y  alcalinas las de pH superiores a 7. Si el disolvente es agua, el pH = 7 indica neutralidad de la disolución. El pH indica si el lodo es ácido o básico. La mayoría de los fluidos base acuosa son alcalinos y trabajan con un rango de pH entre 7.5a 11.5. Cuando el pH varía de 7.5 a 9.5, el fluido es de bajo pH y cuando varía de 9.5 a 11.5, es de alto pH. 

SOLIDOS DE FORMACION La arcilla sódica compuesta por tetraedros de silicios y octaedros de aluminio, tiene una parte basal donde se aloja el catión sodio con su respectivas ”n” moléculas de agua de hidratación, durante el proceso el catión calcio se encuentra en el sistema acuoso con sus ”m” moléculas de hidratación,( “n” mayor que “m”) empieza a entrar a la parte basal de la arcilla aun sódica , encontrándose en determinado momento el sodio y el calcio con sus agua de hidratación en la parte basal de la arcilla;(el sistema se viscosifica por que tiene menor cantidad de agua libre). De acuerdo a la regla de Hffmeister,empieza el desplazamiento del ion sodio por el ion calcio, saliendo el ion calcio con su agua de hidratación de la parte basal aumentando el agua libre del sistema y bajando la viscosidad del sistema convertido arcilla cálcica.

CONTAMINACION CON SOLIDOS

El lodo se encuentra floculado   

Aumenta la viscosidad Aumenta los geles Aumenta el filtrado

Identifico el contaminante

Trusted by over 1 million members

Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.

Trusted by over 1 million members

Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.

Trusted by over 1 million members

Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.

Trusted by over 1 million members

Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.

Trusted by over 1 million members

Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.

Solución global

4.- MATERIALES 4.1.- INSTRUMENTO UTILIZADOS Los instrumentos que se utilizaron para la realización de la l a práctica son: o

Balanza de lodo

o

Agitador y vaso metálico

o

Reómetro o viscosímetro Rotacional

o

Pipeta de 10ml.

o

Capsula

BALANZA DE LODO



La balanza de lodo es una herramienta de laboratorio diseñada para medir la densidad.La balanza de lodos se compone principalmente de: -

Una copa receptora del fluido muestra, que tiene una tapa con un orificio central para evacuar el lodo remante.

-

Un Regla Calibrada Esta a escala graduada, nos da los datos en (gr/cc) y en (lb/gal)

-

Un Visor de burbuja de Aire Le da la horizontalidad, cuando la burbuja esta al centro, la balanza esta horizontal y esa es la densidad.

-

Cursor móvil desplazable para balancear la balanza y medir la densidad.

-

Un receptáculo de perdigones o balines para calibración de la balanza.

-

Un soporte o pedestal para equilibrio de balanza.

La balanza para lodos está diseñada de tal forma que la copa de lodo de la regla graduada esta balanceado por un contrapeso fijo al otro extremo de la regla, con un cursor de peso deslizable, que se mueve a lo largo de la regla graduada. Para asegurar un preciso balance, se ha montado un visor de burbuja de aire que cuando está en el medio sobre la regla de lectura, l ectura, se puede leer la densidad. PROCEDIMIENTO -

Tomar una muestra de lodo

Trusted by over 1 million members

Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.

Trusted by over 1 million members

Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.

Trusted by over 1 million members

Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.

Trusted by over 1 million members

Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.

Trusted by over 1 million members

Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.

-

Con el cursor móvil desplazarlo hasta que la burbuja de aire del nivel quede en el centro

-

Leer la densidad en la escala deseada AGITADOR



Es un instrumento eléctrico utilizado para mezclar los componentes químicos para la preparación de fluidos de perforación, simulando a la vez el efecto produce la agitación generada por la herramienta de perforación sobre el lodo en el pozo. Las partes generales que constituyen un agitador de laboratorio, son: -

Vaso metálico.- Donde se coloca la muestra de fluido hacer agitado.

-

Soporte del vaso.- Donde se pone el vaso para ser agitado durante algún tiempo.

-

Botón de encendido.- Que se activa automáticamente cuando se coloca el vaso sobre el soporte.

-

Paletas agitadoras.- Que giran por la acción de un motor eléctrico para agitar el fluido del vaso, simulando la rotación de la herramienta de perforación del pozo. REÓMETRO



3 4

2 5

1

6

Trusted by over 1 million members

Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.

Trusted by over 1 million members

Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.

Trusted by over 1 million members

Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.

Trusted by over 1 million members

Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.

Trusted by over 1 million members

Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.

Trusted by over 1 million members

Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.

Es un instrumento de laboratorio que se utiliza para medir la forma en que fluyen un líquido. Se emplea para fluidos que no pueden definirse con un único valor de viscosidad y por tanto requieren más parámetros que los que puede proporcionar un viscosímetro. Este mide la reología del fluido. Se compone de las siguientes partes: 1) Cilindro giratorio.-Es giratorio.- Es el que mantiene en movimiento el lodo gracias al mecanismo de unión con la manivela de revoluciones. 2) Resorte de restitución.-Es restitución.- Es el que aporta con una fuerza opositora al movimiento vertical hacia arriba cuando se ha asentado el cilindro giratorio en el lodo. 3) Dial de lectura directa.-Es directa.- Es un dispositivo ubicado en la parte superior del reómetro, el que me permite leer los datos que me determina el reómetro acerca de las propiedades de viscosidad del lodo. 4) Palanca posicionadora de velocidades.- Es una parte del reómetro que me permite regular o posesionar el tipo de velocidad a la lectura que quiero determinar: como ser L600, L300 y gel. 5) Manivela de revolución.-Es revolución.- Es el mecanismo con el cual agito el lodo para determinar las lecturas en el dial de lectura. 6) Sistema de engranajes.-Es engranajes.- Es un instrumento mecánico utilizado para transmitir potencia de un componente a otro dentro de una máquina, en este caso el reómetro. 

PIPETA GRADUADA DE 5 ml.

Es un instrumento volumétrico de laboratorio que permite medir la alícuota de líquido con bastante precisión. Suelen ser de vidrio.

Trusted by over 1 million members

Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.

Trusted by over 1 million members

Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.

Trusted by over 1 million members

Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.

Trusted by over 1 million members

Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.

Trusted by over 1 million members

Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.

BALANZA Una Balanza granataria es un tipo de  balanza muy sensible, esto quiere decir que pesa cantidades muy pequeñas y también es utilizada para determinar o pesar la masa la  masa de objetos y gases. Es muy utilizada en laboratorios como instrumento de medición auxiliar, ya que aunque su precisión es menor que la de una balanza analítica,  analítica,  tiene una mayor capacidad que ésta y permite realizar las mediciones con más rapidez y sencillez, así como por su mayor funcionamiento. 

PAPEL PH O TORNASOL

Usamos un peachímetro de la cual consta de 14 colores, mirando la similitud del papel tornasol al reaccionar con el agua identificamos el valor del pH con unos de los valores representados en cada color.

4.2.- REACTIVOS UTILIZADOS

Trusted by over 1 million members

Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.

Trusted by over 1 million members

Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.

Trusted by over 1 million members

Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.

Trusted by over 1 million members

Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.

Trusted by over 1 million members

Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.

Dispersante

Soda Caustica

Lignosulfonato crómico

5.- PROCEDIMIENTO DE PREPARACION DEL LODO.-

Pesar cierta cantidad “X” de bentonita a la balanza de lodos para sacar la medida

adecuada en la preparación de lodos. -

Agitar el agua, previamente mientras esta en movimiento se le va agregando de manera lenta y suave los gramos de bentonita hasta obtener el lodo deseado.

Trusted by over 1 million members

Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.

Trusted by over 1 million members

Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.

Trusted by over 1 million members

Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.

Trusted by over 1 million members

Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.

Trusted by over 1 million members

Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.

1gr.



En Laboratorio es igual a 1lb.

350cc.  En Laboratorio es igual a 1bbl.

 En campo  En campo

20gr. ------------ 350cc. X

------------- 400cc.

X = 22, 86 gr. g r. De Bentonita.

Tenemos que pesar en la balanza 22,86 gr. De Bentonita. Colocamos agua en el vaso del agitador, mientras el agua está siendo agitada, agregamos lentamente esta bentonita.

Seguidamente agregamos 0,5 ml de Extendedor de bentonita Y 0,3 ml de soda caustica.

Trusted by over 1 million members

Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.

Trusted by over 1 million members

Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.

Trusted by over 1 million members

Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.

Trusted by over 1 million members

Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.

Trusted by over 1 million members

Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.

Entonces procedimos al cálculo de la densidad del lodo y obtuvimos:

 = ./ ./ Luego de haber obtenido una mezcla homogénea agitada por 10 minutos, calculamos el pH de lodo, para lo cual usamos un papel tornasol. En la práctica se obtuvo un dato del valor del pH de 10 El lodo siempre tiene que estar agitándose, para determinar el pH, introducimos un papel tornasol a la mezcla, y el color que tome este, se lo compara con los colores tabulados y determinamos nuestro valor de pH.

Trusted by over 1 million members

Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.

Trusted by over 1 million members

Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.

Trusted by over 1 million members

Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.

Trusted by over 1 million members

Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.

Trusted by over 1 million members

Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.

Trusted by over 1 million members

Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.

Hecho esto del Lodo con

procedemos a calcular la reología el reómetro.

Trusted by over 1 million members

Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.

Trusted by over 1 million members

Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.

Trusted by over 1 million members

Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.

Trusted by over 1 million members

Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.

Trusted by over 1 million members

Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.

A 350cc de lodo anterior, agregar. Densificar el lodo a densidad de 1,30 gr/cc con baritina y medir propiedades



-

calculo de baritina a una densidad de lodo a 1,30 gr/cc

 ∗  =  ∗    ∗   =     ∗ (  ) =  ∗    ∗   ∗    ∗  =  ∗    ∗   ∗ (  ) = (  )  =  ∗ −−   =∗,−, ,−, 

Trusted by over 1 million members

Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.

Trusted by over 1 million members

Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.

Trusted by over 1 million members

Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.

Trusted by over 1 million members

Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.

Trusted by over 1 million members

Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.

Nuevamente procedimos al cálculo de la densidad densidad del lodo y obtuvimos: obtuvimos:

 = . / /  Luego de haber obtenido una mezcla con baritina, calculamos el pH de lodo, para lo cual usamos un papel

Trusted by over 1 million members

Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.

Trusted by over 1 million members

Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.

Trusted by over 1 million members

Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.

Trusted by over 1 million members

Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.

Trusted by over 1 million members

Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.

Después de haber calculado las propiedades del lodo, y haber medido 150 gr de solidos de formacion procedemos a agregar el solidos de formacion en pequeñas cantidades hasta escuchar un cambio de sonido en el agitador debido al incremento de la viscosidad por agregar solidos de formación.

Trusted by over 1 million members

Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.

Trusted by over 1 million members

Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.

Trusted by over 1 million members

Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.

Trusted by over 1 million members

Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.

Trusted by over 1 million members

Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.

6.- DETERNIMACION QUIMICA

Filtro prensa: Se lo determina para saber el volumen de líquido que pasa a través de un filtro en tiempo determinado cuando está sometido a una cierta c ierta presión de trabajo y necesitamos determinarlo para observar las características de la película. Está compuesto por: -

-

Copa receptora de lodo Tapa de salida de lodo con orificio Empaquetaduras Una malla de 60 mesh Papel filtro Wattman 50 Una tapa de entrada de presión Válvula de alivio Manómetro de 0 a 200 psi Una probeta graduada receptora del filtrado Un soporte para cierre hermético

Trusted by over 1 million members

Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.

Trusted by over 1 million members

Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.

Trusted by over 1 million members

Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.

Trusted by over 1 million members

Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.

Trusted by over 1 million members

Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.

Trusted by over 1 million members

Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.

DESARROLLO DE LA PRÁCTICA Determinar el filtro prensa -

-

Lectura API: se le coloca una muestra en la celda a lo cual se le aplica una presión 100 psi y se contabiliza el filtrado que fluye durante 30 min. Lectura HPHT (APAT): en este caso la celda soporta una presión de 500 psi y se introduce dentro de una camisa calefactora de temperatura controlada.

Trusted by over 1 million members

Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.

Trusted by over 1 million members

Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.

Trusted by over 1 million members

Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.

Trusted by over 1 million members

Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.

Trusted by over 1 million members

Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.

Trusted by over 1 million members

Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.

Trusted by over 1 million members

Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.

Trusted by over 1 million members

Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.

Trusted by over 1 million members

Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.

Trusted by over 1 million members

Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.

Reactivos:        

Fenolftaleína Ácido sulfúrico Naranja de metilo Cromato de potasio Nitrato de plata Solución BUFFER Calmagite Solución VERSANATO

Trusted by over 1 million members

Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.

Trusted by over 1 million members

Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.

Trusted by over 1 million members

Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.

Trusted by over 1 million members

Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.

Trusted by over 1 million members

Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.

 0,05   =       -

Se tomó 1ml de filtrado API (PH=9) con una pipeta y se la coloca en una capsula

.

Trusted by over 1 million members

Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.

Trusted by over 1 million members

Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.

Trusted by over 1 million members

Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.

Trusted by over 1 million members

Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.

Trusted by over 1 million members

Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.

 =0,5  = 0,5 1  OBSERVACIONES: Se pudo observar que debido a un PH = 9 se tituló la mezcla con ácido sulfúrico (PH del filtrado debe ser mayor a 8.3) por lo tanto la mezcla cambio de color y dio como resultado de Pf= 0,5 ml de ácido sulfúrico gastado por ml de filtrado.

DETERMINACION DEL MF: El Mf es la alcalinidad del filtrado al naranja de metilo, este nos da una idea de la cantidad de ion carbonatos y bicarbonatos existentes, se determina de la sgte

Trusted by over 1 million members

Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.

Trusted by over 1 million members

Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.

Trusted by over 1 million members

Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.

Trusted by over 1 million members

Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.

Trusted by over 1 million members

Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.

Trusted by over 1 million members

Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.

Trusted by over 1 million members

Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.

Trusted by over 1 million members

Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.

Trusted by over 1 million members

Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.

Trusted by over 1 million members

Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.

Trusted by over 1 million members

Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.

Trusted by over 1 million members

Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.

Trusted by over 1 million members

Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.

Trusted by over 1 million members

Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.

Trusted by over 1 million members

Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.

Trusted by over 1 million members

Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.

Trusted by over 1 million members

Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.

Trusted by over 1 million members

Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.

Trusted by over 1 million members

Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.

Trusted by over 1 million members

Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.

Trusted by over 1 million members

Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.

3.- QUE ES FLOCULACION Y AGREGACION? R.- Floculación.-  Floculación.-   Es el débil agrupamiento de partículas de forma desordenada para formar estructura en gel. El agrupamiento puede ser plano-vertice, arista-plano pero nunca planoplano.