La Uva

 

JH [QH _ KJ QOGM ‚Qotos vogåakrh vogåakrh―― Vrkskgthdm pmr0 Hgykry Vhmjh Ekdogh ^heårkz Hglok Ehronkj Emrh Ghrvèkz

[govkrsodhd dkj Qhjjk  

8

 

Jh uvh ks kj arutm quk sk mntokgk dk jh vod. Yk trhth dk

  JH [QH

ugh nhyh  `ulmsh, rkdmgdkhdh, qukdk amreh irkik amrehgdm rhioems y quk sk kepjkh dk dostogths ehgkrhs.

Ihnk dksthihr quk sk imgmik imem vod h jh pjhgth quk amreh phrtk dk aheojoh Qothikhk. Kj tkreogm uvhjh sk mrologh dkj jhtåg ‚uvh― quk bhik rkakrkgioh h jh vod, phjhnrh quk h su vkz prmikdk dkj jhtåg "votos" quk solgoaoih euibh vodh y trkphdmrh. >

 

IMGTKRTM BOYTÙ^OIM DK JH [QH ( Qotos vogåakrh vogåakrh) ) Jms nmtègoims sotðhg kj mrolkg dk jh uvh kg Kurmph kg jh rkloùg hsoètoih dkj ehr Ihspom, dmgdk sk iujtovhnh dksdk tokepms prkbostùroims, thj y imem jm dkeukstrhg jhs skeojjhs quk sk bhg bhjjhdm kg yhioeokgtms hrqukmjùloims dk jh kdhd dkj nrmgik dk Yuozh, Othjoh y kg tuenhs dkj hgtolum Kloptm. Jhs skeojjhs sk dospkrshrmg bhioh kj mkstk pmr tmdh jh iukgih ekdotkrrègkh. Jms hgtolums lroklms y rmehgms iujtovhnhg jh vod y henhs iovojozhiomgks kg lrhg ekdodh jhdkshrrmjjhrmg votoiujturh. Jms ðjtoems imgtoguhrmg img ksth  prèitoih y kxtkgdokrmg kj iujtovm dk vodks pmr tmdm su tkrrotmrom imjmgohj.

9

 

H phrtor dkj høm 8266 imeokgzh kj iujtovm dk vodks  prmtklodhs img vodrom kg jms phåsks aråms, dk ehgkrh quk huekgtù gmthnjkekgtk jh ihjodhd dk jhs uvhs prmduiodhs. Eès hdkjhgtk imekgzhrmg h imgstruorsk ogvkrghdkrms  prmvostms dk ihjkahiioùg phrh phrh kj iujtovm dk jhs vodks.

Aukrmg jms imjmgms ksphømjks jms quk ogtrmdu`krmg jh vod kgpmr Heïroih Gmrtk, dksdk dmgdk sk kxtkgdoù tmdm kjdkj imgtogkgtk, pkrm kj ogtkgtm arhihsù h imgskiukgioh dk jms hthquks dk phrèsotms y jhs kgakrekdhdks. 4

 

VM^IKGTH@K DK V^MD[IIOÙG E[GDOHJ

;

 

THRMGMEÅH DK JH [QH Jh uvh ks kj gmenrk quk rkionk kj arutm quk irkik amrehgdm rhioems kg jh vod. Ksth  pjhgth prmpoh dk phåsks ièjodms y trmpoihjks, sk ihrhitkrozh pmr skr trkphdmrh,  prmduiokgdm arutms img img amreh dk nhyh. Jh Qotos vogåakrh ks jh progiophj kspkiok kspkiok dk uvh y tokgk hjrkdkdmr ddkk 4666 vhrokdhdks dostogths. Kgtrk kjjhs dksthihg0 • Qotos jhenrusihs0 Tåpoih kg jh rkloùg dk Keojoh-^mehgh kg Othjoh phrh

jh mntkgioùg dkj vogm jhenrusim. • Jh Qotos ^upkstros0 quk bh dhdm mrolkg h euibms pmrthog`krtms. • Qotos nkrjhgdokro0 Dk lrhg oepmrthgioh phrh jh imgstotuioùg dk  pmrthog`krtms rksostkgtk h jh skqukdhd y h jh ijmrmsos. 1

 

IJHYOAOIHIOÙG THR HRMGÙ MGÙEO EOIH IH DK JH [Q [QH H ^kogm0 Vjhgtkh

Gmenrk imeðg0 Qod m phrrh

Dovosoùg0 Ehlgmjompbyth

Kspkiok0 Qotos vogåakrh

Ijhsk0 Ehlgmjompsodh

Lïgkrm0 Qotos

Mrdkg0 Qothjks

Aheojoh0 Qothikhk <

 

Jhs doakrkgtks vhrokdhdks dk uvh sk pukdkg ijhsoaoihr sklðg kj usm hj quk kstïg dkstoghdhs . 

vhrokdhdks dkstoghdhs hj ‚Ihrdoghj―. imgsuem kg arksim. [vhsuvhs phrhlrhgdks, eksh0 Ksths Dhg dk thehøm y imjmrsmg ugoamreks. [vh

QH^OKDHDKY  DK [QH YKLÐG



[vhs phrh phshs0 Ksths uvhs dknkg tkgkr ugh tkxturh suhvk y huskgioh dk skeojjhs, hugquk kxostkg hjlughs vhrokdhdks img skeojjhs. Yo sk dkstoghg hj imgsuem dorkitm dknkg skr lrhgdks, pkrm so sk vhg h ushr kg rkpmstkråh smg prkakronjks jhs pkqukøhs. [vh ‚Imrogtoh gklrh―.

Y[ [YM



[vhs phrh `ulms ghturhjks0 Ksths vhrokdhdks dknkg ehgtkgkr su shnmr y hrmeh ghturhjks dkspuïs dk jms trhtheokgtms h jms quk sk smektkg phrh su imgskrvhioùg. [vh ‚Imgimrd―.



[vhs phrh kgjhthdms0 Ymg vhrokdhdks sog skeojjhs quk sk ushg `ugtm img mtrhs aruths kg iùitkjks y kgshjhdhs. [vh ‚Yujthgogh―.



[vhs phrh vogm0 Ks kj progiophj usm hj quk sk dkstogh jh vod, pmr jm quk sk imgmikg ogaogodhd dk vhrokdhdks hpths phrh jh mntkgioùg dk vogm. Ksths uvhs sk pukdkg ijhsoaoihr kg togths y njhgihs, sklðg kj imjmr dkj vogm quk dhg. [vh ‚Ibhrdmgghy³.

2

 

H^OKDHD KDHDKY KY DK [Q [QH H QH^O

[vh Ihrdoghj

[vh Imrogtoh gklrh

[vh Imgimrd

[vh Ibhrdmgghy

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[vh Yujthgogh  

H^OKDHDK DHDKY Y DK QH^OK [QHY Kxostk lrhg vhrokdhdks dk uvhs togths kg kj eugdm, pkrm jhs ehs oepmrthgtks smg jhs soluokgtks0 m Ihnkrgkt Yhuvolgmg m

Ekrjmt

m

m

Tkeprhgojjm Lhrghibh

m

Yyrhb

m

Ekgiåh

m

Emghstrkjj

86

 

[vh Ihnkrgkt Yhuvolgmg

[vh Lhrghibh

[vh Ekrjmt

[vh Emghstrkjj

[vh Tkeprhgojjm

[vh Yyrhb

88  

IH^HITK^ÅYTOIHY DK JH [QH 

Yukjmssuntkrrègkhs prmaugdms (ehymr h 8.; e).smg Jhsjhrhåiks smg ^håiks0 lkgkrhjekgtk y sus augiomgks dk hgijhr jh pjhgth hj sukjm, hiueujhioùg dk susthgiohs dk rkskrvh, jh hnsmrioùg dk hluh y eogkrhjks.

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Trmgim0 Dk hspkitm rktmriodm y hlrokthdm rkiunokrtm pmr ugh imrtkzh lruksh y èspkrh. Yu hjturh vhråh kg augioùg dk jh vhrokdhd y dkj sostkeh dk imgduiioùg kjklodm. Nrhzms0 Kgihrlhdms dk imgduior jms gutrokgtks y rkphrtor jh vklkthioùg y arutms kg kj ksphiom. Jms nrhzms pmrthg jms thjjms dkj høm, dkgmeoghdms pèephgms iuhgdm smg bkrnèikms y shreokgtms iuhgdm kstèg jolgoaoihdms.

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0 Kstèg imgstotuodms pmrjhsugh suiksoùg dk gudmsy Yhreokgtm y kgtrkgudms y pmrthg jhs ykehs, bm`hs, jms zhriojjms jms rhioems.

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Vujlhr0 Vhrtk dk shreokgtm img ug gðekrm vhrohnjk dk ykehs quk sk dk`h hj pmdhr jh ikph. 8>

 

YH^EOKGTM M ^HEH DK JH QOD 

Gudms0 Dk ihdh gudm sk hsmehrè ugh bm`h y ugh ajmr, m ugh bm`h y ug zhriojjm. Amrehgdm gukvms nrmtks dmgdk jms thjjms dk jhs bm`hs sk ugkg hj shreokgtm.

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_keh0 Ks ug pugtm dk irkioeokgtm dk ug gukvm nrmtk, quk sk dkshrrmjjh ikrih dk jh bm`h.

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Jhs kgbm`hs sk hjtkrgh3 dospmgkgsussmnrk jms pèephgms Bm`hs0 shreokgtms amreh doekgsomgks smg dkm hprmxoehdhekgtk 84 pmr 8> ie, y pmskk kstopujhs ihduihs.

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Phriojjm0 Jms zhriojjms, kstèg mpukstms h jhs bm`hs y sk kgrmsihg iuhgdm kgiukgtrhg hjlðg smpmrtk.

 

^hioem0 Ks kj img`ugtm dk ajmrks m arutms dk jh vod. Ajmrks y nhyhs0 Jhs ajmrks smg bkreharmdoths, ks dkior,  pmskkg jms dms skxms y sk hlruphg kg rhioems jjhehdms ogajmrksikgioh. Ihdh ugh dk jhs ajmrks pmjogozhdhs sk imgvkrtorè kg nhyh, jh ogajmrksikgioh kg ug rhioem dk uvhs quk skrè vkgdoeohdh hj aoghj dk jh tkepmrhdh. 89

 

A^[TM ([QH) Jhs uvhs irkikg hlruphdhs kg rhioems dk kgtrk 1 y 966 uvhs y smg pkqukøhs y dujiks. Vukdkg prkskgthr ugh vhrokdhd dk imjmrks imem gklrm, emrhdm, hehrojjm, dmrhdm,  pðrpurhs, rmshdm, ehrrùg, hghrhg`hdm m njhgim.

84

 

Vujph0 Kj progiophj imepmgkgtk dk jh  pujph ks kj hluh. Kj sklugdm ks kj hzðihr.  Vokj u bmjjk`m0 Kg jh pokj kgimgtrhems jms imepukstms dk shnmr y imjmr. Jms thgogms quk imgtokgkg jh pokj smg jms rkspmgshnjks dk jh kstruiturh y tkxturh kg jms vogms togtms.  Vkpoths y ^hspùg0 Jh skeojjh ks roih kg thgogms jms iuhjks smg dk lrhg oepmrthgioh phrh jh ihjodhd dkj vogm. Hdkeès dk jh prkskgioh dk thgogms, jhs 

VH^TKY [QH [Q HDK JH

 pkpoths hehrlms.y kj rhspùg imgtokgkg hikotks  Vruogh0 Ks ugh aogh ihph dk ikrh  prkskgtk kg jh iutåiujh dkj bmjjk`m m pokj thenoïg jjhehdh ‚ajmr‚. 8;

 

JH EHD[^HIOÙG Jhs uvhs dk dovkrshs ikphs dkj eosem sotom ehdurhg kg tokepms doakrkgtks. Dk oluhj amreh miurrk img jms rhioems dk ugh eoseh ikph y lrhgms dk ug eosem rhioem. Hdkeès jh uvh ks ug arutm dk imepmrtheokgtm gm ijoehtïroim, pmr jm quk su ehdurhioùg sk  prmduik smjhekgtk kg jh j h pjhgth. Jms yemekgtms ekihgosems jjkvhg quk h jh skh ehdurkz jh pujph, jh  pokj jh skeojjh skeo jjhysmg doakrkgtksquk b hiokgdm bhiokgdm doaåio jdk doaåioj dktkreoghr kj emekgtm ùptoem dk imskibh. Kgtrk hjlugms ihenoms quk miurrkg durhgtk kj prmiksm dk ehdurhioùg sk pukdk ekgiomghr0 8. Huekgtm dk pksm dk jh nhyh. >. Huekgtm dk hzðihrks. 9. Vïrdodh dk hiodkz. 4. Vïrdodh dk rksostkgioh dkj bmjjk`m. ;. Yågtksos dk hrmehs vhrokthjks. 1.

Kvmjuioùg dk jms pmjoakgmjks .

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IMGDOIOMGK IMGDOIOMGKY Y KDHAMIJOEÈT KDHAMIJOEÈTOIHY OIHY Y[KJM0 Kj iujtovm dk jh vod pukdk dkshrrmjjhrsk kxotmshekgtk kg sukjms arhgim-hriojjmsms quk ahvmrkikg kj dkshrrmjjm dk sus rhåiks, h prmaugdodhdks ehymrks h jms 26 ie.

Jh ehtkroh mrlègoih ks ug imepmgkgtk oepmrthgtk3 sk bhg ksthnjkiodm rhglms quk 8,;->,;% ogdoihgdm quk msiojhg ks ugkgtrk sukjm suaoiokgtkekgtk dmthdm, >,;-9,;% nokg dmthdm y : 8,;% ug tkrrkgm pmnrk. 8<

 

TKEVK^HT[^H0 Jhs tkepkrhturhs ùptoehs phrh kj iujtovm dk jh vod pukdkg vhrohr dkpkgdokgdm dk jh kthph dk dkshrrmjjm, msiojhgdm kgtrk jms 4¶ I.

82

 

OEVM^THGTK0 Kstk iujtovm ks euy skgsonjk h tkepkrhturhs kxtrkehs. ïsthsjhsmg euy hjths (96-94 °I)Yo img prkskgioh dk vokgtm skim y ihjokgtk sk prmduik jh qukeh dk bm`hs y rhioems. Vmr kj imgtrhrom, tkepkrhturhs pmr dknh`m jms pudokgdm ’> °I prmduikg lrhvks dk dhøms dkstruor ugh imskibh kgtkrh.

8?

 

pB0

Jh pjhgth pukdk dkshrrmjjhr nukg sostkeh rhdoiujhr h ug pB dk ;.1 h 66.

V^KIOVOTHIOMGKY0 Jh kthph kg jh iuhj sk rkquokrk dk ug ehymr ihudhj ks dksdk jh ajmrhioùg bhsth jh ehdurhioùg dk jms arutms, so kj hpmrtk dk hluh dk jjuvoh gm ks suaoiokgtk dknk imepjkekgthrsk img roklm. Yk dknk tkgkr kg iukgth quk jh prkskgioh dk jjuvoh durhgtk jh vkgdoeoh m imskibh ks pkr`udoiohj.

>>

 

>9

 

EHGK@M DKJ I[JTOQM Vhrh jh prmduiioùg dk ihdh vhrokdhd kj ehgk`m hlrmgùeoim y jh tkigmjmlåh kepjkhdh smg ahitmrks dktkreoghgtks kg jms imstms dk prmduiioùg, rkgdoeokgtm mntkgodm, oglrksms y rkgthnojodhd.

¡Oepmrthgtk! Yo jh prmduiioùg dk uvh kstè dkstoghdh hj imgsuem arksim sk rkquokrk dk ug ehymr govkj dk tkigmjmlåh3 pmr mtrh phrtk, so kj mn`ktovm ks jh prmduiioùg dk vogm dknkg tmehrsk kg iukgth dostogtms ahitmrks.

 

V^KV V^KVH^HIOÙG H^HIOÙG DKJ TK^^KGM Jh prkphrhioùg dkj tkrrkgm vh h dkpkgdkr dkj topm dk roklm. Yo sk utojozh kj sostkeh dk roklm  pmr lrhvkdhd, phrh kjoeoghr ehjkzhs y imgskrvhr buekdhd kg kjroklm, tkrrkgm sk rkhjozh kj surihdm hgtks dk ihdh phrh iujeoghr img kj rhstrkm. Vhrh kj sostkeh pmr lmtkm smjm sk rkhjozh kj rhstrkm phrh kjoeoghr ehjkzh dk amreh ekiègoih.

>;

 

Hjlugms trhnh`ms ihrhitkråstoihs hdkiuhdhs prkvoms phrh quk jmlrhr pukdk ugh rkhjozhrsk nukgh phrh pjhgthioùg mntkgkr smg0 ug sukjm bmemlïgkm, img •Iogikj0 Vkreotk rkemvkr tmdhs jhs rhåiks quk sk kgiukgtrhg kg kj tkrrkgm y rmepkr jhs ihphs kgdurkiodhs. •^hstrh dk dosims0 Yk utojozh phrh rkhjozhr bukims kg jh ihph supkraoiohj dk jh tokrrh y imgtrmjhr jhs ehjkzhs. •Dkstkrrmghdmr0 Yu usm tokgk imem prmpùsotm dksekguzhr tkrrmgks y lruems img jh

aoghjodhd dk kephrk`hr jh supkraoiok.

•Yunsmjhdmr0 Vhrh rmepkr ihphs durhs y ek`mrhr kj drkgh`k ogtkrgm kg kj sukjm h

 prmaugdodhdks  prmaugdodhd ks ehymrks dk 96 ie.

>1

 

IOGIKJ

^HYT^H DK DOYIMY

DKYTK^^MGHDM^ 

Y[NYMJHDM^ 

 

DKGYODHD DK VJHGTHIOÙG H ehymr dkgsodhd kxostk ehymr pmsonojodhd dk prmduior vogms dk ihjodhd dknodm h quk sk rkphrtk ek`mr kj volmr kgtrk jhs pjhgths, pkrm kxolkg ehymr dospmgonojodhd dk hluh oepjoihgdm roklm.

>2  

Jms prmduitmrks pukdkg trhnh`hr img nh`hs dkgsodhdks dkemdkrhdms rkgdoeokgtms pjhgthioùgdk phrh 1.666 mntkgkr cl/bh ahvmrkiokgdm jh ihjodhd dk jhs uvhs y dkj vogm.

Yo jh sokenrh ks rkhjozhdh img ugh hjth dkgsodhd pukdkg mntkgkrsk rkgdoeokgtms ikrihgms h jms 86.666 cl/bh.

>?  

EÈROEH KRVMYOIOÙG H JH J[P YMJH^  Jhs aojhs dknkg mrokgthrsk kg dorkiioùg Gmrtk’Yur phrh quk jh ojueoghioùg sk rkhjoik  pmr henms jhdms dk jh ksphjdkrh, pkreotokgdm hså quk jh proekrh ihrh qukdk ojueoghdh  pmr jh ehøhgh, y jh sklugdh ihrh qukdk ojueoghdh pmr jh thrdk.

 

EKIHGOPHIOÙG Jh mrokgthioùg dk jhs aojhs dknk skr hdkiuhdh h jh amreh dkj tkrrkgm phrh pkreotor kj phsm dk jh ehquoghroh kvothgdm zmghs dk rokslm dk hiiodkgtk y dhøms h jhs pjhgths. Kj hgibm dk jms ihjjk`mgks dknk pkreotor kj lorm kg jh ihnkikrh y jhs bojkrhs kg skgtodm imgtrhrom h jh pkgdokgtk phrh eogoeozhr jh krmsoùg dkj sukjm.

98  

YOYTKEHY DK IMGD[IIOÙG Jh kjkiioùg dkj sostkeh dk imgduiioùg ks dk lrhg rkjkvhgioh, dkpkgdokgdm dkj dkstogm aoghj dkj arutm, nokg skh phrh imgsuem arksim, prmduiioùg dk vogm y mtrms dkrovhdms. Yo kj mn`ktovm dkj iujtovm ks jh prmduiioùg dk vogm, jh imgduiioùg y jh pmdh dknkg ksthr dorolodhs h ehgtkgkr ug kquojonrom kgtrk jh vklkthioùg, jh prmduiioùg dk jh ikph y jh ihjodhd dk jh vkgdoeoh. Yk dknk nusihr ahvmrkikr ug dkshrrmjjm vklkthtovm y prmduitovm hdhpthdm h jhs imgdoiomgks kdhamijoeètoihs dkj julhr julhr..

9>  

Jh kjkiioùg dkj sostkeh dk imgduiioùg tokgk lrhg ogajukgioh smnrk jh pjhgth y kj vogm mntkgodm3 phrh bhikr jh skjkiioùg eès imgvkgokgtk dknk tmehrsk kg iukgth jms soluokgtks hspkitms0

8. >. 9. 4.

^kjhi ^kjhioùg oùg hd hdkiuhd kiuhdhh kgtrk jh prm prmduiio duiioùg ùg y jjhs hs bm bm`hs `hs am amtmsogt tmsogtïtoihekg ïtoihekgtk tk hitov hitovhs. hs. [s [smm kkaoio aoiokgt kgtkk ddkk jjhh rrhdo hdohioù hioùgg ssmjh mjhrr. Nu Nukgh kgh hork horkhio hioùg ùg k oojue jueogh oghioù ioùgg dk jms rhi rhioem oems. s. Ahv Ahvmrk mrkikr ikr kj e ehgk hgk`m `m hhdki dkiuhd uhdmm dk dkjj iu iujtov jtovm. m.

;. A Iuep Iuepjoeokgt joeokgtm mldk jhnmrks mrks iujtur iujturhjks hjks th thgtm gtm ehguh ehguhjks jks im imem em ek ekiègoih iègoihs. s. 1. hi hioj ojot othr hr kj rrok okl m. jhs jhn

99  

YOYTKEHY DK IMGD[IIOÙG EÈY [TOJOPHDMY

Vhrrùg ksphømj

Dmnjk iruikth

Iruikth ihjoamrgohgh soepjk  

V^MVHLHIOÙG Jh progiophj amreh dk prmphlhioùg ks jh hskxuhj, dhdh jk gkiksodhd dk imgskrvhr jhs ihrhitkråstoihs lkgïtoihs dk jh pjhgth ehdrk.

Kgtrk jms eïtmdms eès kepjkhdms sk kgiukgtrhg jhs ksthihs, himdms k og`krtms.

94

9;  

OG@K^TMY

KYTHIHY

HIMDMY

91  

^OKLM _ D^KGH@K Jhs vhrohnjks h tmehr kg iukgth durhgtk kj roklm smg0 •Kj vmjuekg dk hluh. •Arkiukgioh. •Ihphiodhd dk rktkgioùg dkj sukjm. •Imgdoiomgks ijoeètoihs. •Ksthdm vklkthtovm dk jhs pjhgths y

•Jhs vhrokdhdks iujtovhdhs.

9<

 

Yo kxostk ug kxiksm dk buekdhd kg kj emekgtm dk jh ajmrhioùg, pukdk kxpkroekgthrsk ugh dkaoiokgiohdkkgjms jh amrehioùg y ehgtkgoeokgtm arutms y kg jh kthph dk irkioeokgtm sk lkgkrh ug rktrhsm kg jh ehdurhioùg dk jhs uvhs. Yostkeh dk roklm pmr supkraoiok

Dk oluhj amreh, kj roklm kxiksovm juklm dk jh pkreotkdkmntkgkr lrhgdks, imgehdurkz pmih ihgtodhd hzðihr yuvhs ehymr lrhdm dk hiodkz. Hdkeès, jh vod ks rksostkgtk h jh skquåh pmr

 pmskkr rhåiks prmaugdhs. Yostkeh dk roklm pmr lmtkm  

AK^TOJOPHIOÙG HNMGM _ AK^TOJOPHIOÙ G Jh ihgtodhd dk gutrokgtks rkqukrodms pmr jh vod dkpkgdk dk jh vhrokdhd, sukjm, phtrùg, ijoeh y rkgdoeokgtm.

9?  

Jms prmduitmrks pukdkg hpjoihr jh akrtojozhioùg mrlègoih m quåeoih. Vhrh kj proekr ihsm sk himstuenrh h hpjoihr kstoïrimj  nmvogm, jh ihgtodhd dk ehtkroh mrlègoih tmgkjhdhs msiojh hguhjks.kgtrk 9 y 8; Jh akrtojozhioùg quåeoih vh h dkpkgdkr dk jh vhrokdhd y  prmpùsotm dkj iujtovm, pmr k`kepjm, phrh jh uvh dk imgsuem arksim, kj trhtheokgtm

G-V-C

eès

imeðg ks kj tropjk 8. Jms kkjkek jkekgtm gtmss dk tr trhgs hgspm pmrtk rtk ddknk knkgg pkr pkreoto eotorr ug ughh joep joepokzh okzh hhdki dkiuhd uhdh. h. 9. Jms rrkiopokg kiopokgtks tks gm dknkg supk supkrhr rhr jm jmss 16 ie dk hjturh hjturh,, hjtur hjturhs hs ssupkrom upkromrks rks pprmv rmvmihg mihg ug hpjhstheokgtm kxiksovm. 4. [toj [tojozhr ozhr iih`hs h`hs ddkk pjè pjèstoi stoimm img uugh gh ih ihphi phiodh odhdd hpr hprmxo mxoehd ehdhh dk ug ugms ms >6 cl. ;. Dk Dknk nkgg ehgt ehgtkg kgkr krsk sk im imgd gdoio oiomg mgks ks dk bbol olokg okgk. k. 1. Jh ims imskibh kibh dknk ksthr prmtk prmtklodh lodh dk jh jjuvoh, pmjv pmjvmm y jms ppmsonjk msonjkss im imgtheog gtheoghgtks. hgtks. .-Ahitmrks vhrohnjks • Tkepkrhturh • Ojueoghioùg • Buekdhd • Kdhd dkj voøkdm

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9.-Ahitmrks hiiodkgthjks • Vjhlhs • Kgakrekdhdks • Vhtmjmlåh dkj voøkdm y ihjodhd dk

jms vogms • Hiiodkgtks ektkmrmjùloims

4.-Ahitmrks emdoaoihnjks • • • • •

Vmdhs y mtrhs mpkrhiomgks kg vkrdk Hnmghdms y kgeokgdhs ^oklm Jhnmrks dk iujtovm

Mtrms trhnh`ms dk iujtovm  

DHØMY AOYOMJMLOIMY Jms dhøms aosomjùloims mnskrvhdms kg jh uvh hphrkikg lkgkrhjekgtk kg kj tokepm dk hjehikgheokgtm y/m trhgspmrtk, kstms sk ehgoaoksthg kg jh hphrokgioh, shnmr, tkxturh y imepmrtheokgtms hgmrehjks quk pukdhg himrthr su vodh ðtoj. Mtrm topm dkdkhjtkrhiomgks skrHdkeès, mrologhdhs pmr ug ehgk`m oghdkiuhdm dk jhs imgdoiomgks ehdurkz dkpukdkg imskibh. jh tkepkrhturh ks ugm dk jms ahitmrks eès oepmrthgtks quk hakithg jh ihjodhd dk jh uvh.

 

V^MVOKDHDKY G[T^OIOMGHJKY Jhs uvhs smg roihs kg hgtomxodhgtks, su ågdoik ljuiïeoim gm ks hjtm, sogm ekdom (4;)3 smg roihs kg dk aonrh kg bodrhtms dk ihrnmgm (866 y 9;6 Jh pokj pukdk skr vkrdmsh, hehrojjkgth, rm`ozh m purpðrkh, dkpkgdokgdm dk jhs vhrokdhdks. Yu pujph ks njhgih m pðrpurh, `ulmsh y tokgk ug shnmr dujik3 imgtokgk vhrohs skeojjhs m  pkpoths.

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^KX[OYOT ^KX[OYOTMY MY EOI^MNOMJÙLOIMY

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^KX[OYOTMY MY AOYOIMX[ÅEOIMY ^KX[OYOT

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MT^MY ^KX[OYOTMY AÅYOIMY •Kg jhs ikphs njhgihs, jms lrhdms Nrox dknkg ajuituhr kgtrk >4 y >;, eokgtrhs quk jh

hiodkz dknk ksthr kgtrk 9,9 y 9,< y jhs ikphs togths, kg thgtm, dknkg tkgkr kgtrk >9 y >4 lrhdms Nrox y kgtrk 4,6 y 4,; dk hiodkz. hio dkz.

•Jhs nhyhs gm dknkrèg prkskgthr ogdoioms dk dksbodrhthioùg. •Nhyhs jonrks dk buekdhd kxtkrgh hgmrehj, aosurh y dhøms ekiègoims, prmduiodms kg jhs

kthphs dk imskibh y pmstimskibh (rkimjkiioùg, joepokzh, kephquk, kti.) •Dknkg ksthr shghs, jonrks dk pmdrkduenrk m dktkromrm ihushdh pmr kgakrekdhdks y dhøms ekiègoims imem pkramrhiomgks. • Kj pkdðgiujm dknk ksthr prkskgtk kg kj rhioem y tkgkr ugh jmglotud eèxoeh dk > ie. •Jms rhioems dknkg ksthr kxkgtms dk mjmrks, shnmrks kxtrhøms y ehtkroh ehtk roh kxtrhøh vosonjk.

Jms rksodums dk pjhluoiodhs gm dknkg kxikdkr jms jåeotks eèxoems. ;1  

NKGKAOIOMY DKJ IMGY[EM DK [QH 8. Ks u ug gp pmt mtkg kgtk tk hhgt gtom omxo xodh dhgt gtk0 k0 Jh pokj dk jhs uvhs gklrhs imgtokgk rksvkrhtrmj, susthgioh quk njmqukh jms rhdoihjks jonrks. >. Vms Vmskk kk p prm rmpokd pokdhdk hdkss hhgt gtooga oogajhe jhehtm htmroh rohs0 s0 Jh uvh imgtronuyk kg jh ek`mrh dk kgakrekdhdks ogajhehtmrohs. 9. Ks d doourïtoim im00 Jhs uvhs hyudhg kg  prmiksms dk dksogtmxoihioùg dkj bålhdm y thenoïg kg jh kjoeoghioùg dkj èiodm

ðroim pmr phrtk dkj roøùg.  

4. Vrkv Vrkvok okgk gk kgak kgakre rekd kdhd hdks ks ihrdomvhsiujhrks0 Ehgtokgk y ek`mrh jhs hrtkrohs, doseoguykgdm kj rokslm dk trmenmsos y su kjkvhdm imgtkgodm dk  pmthsom hyudh h rkduior jh prksoùg hrtkrohj. ;. Hyudh yudh h iuo iuodh dhrr jh vo vost sth0 h0 Jhs hgtmiohgoghs dk jh uvh smg kxikjkgtks  phrh prkvkgor kgakrekdhdks imem jhs ihthrhths, y hyudhg h ehgtkgkr jh ihjodhd dk jh vosth durhgtk eès tokepm. 1. Ogbonk Ogbonk m njmqu njmqukh kh kj irki irkioeo oeokgt kgtmm tuemr tuemrhj, hj,  pmr jm thgtm, sk imgsodkrh imgsodkrh hgtoihgikrålkgh. hgtoihgikrålkgh.

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KJ QOGM

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 BOYTM^OH DKJ QOGM kxostkg ogdoioms dk quk jh kjhnmrhioùg dk nknodhs h phrtor dk jhs uvhs yh sk rkhjozhnhg kg tmrgm h jms høms 1.666 y ;.666 h.I.,. Jms hrqukùjmlms bhg kgimgtrhdm ogdoioms quk ao`hg kj mrolkg dk jh proekrh imskibh dk vogm kg Yðekr, kg jhs aïrtojks tokrrhs rklhdhs pmr kj Tolros y kj Ïuarhtks. Dksdk Yðekr jjklù h Kloptm, dmgdk rovhjozhråh img jh ikrvkzh quk sk kjhnmrhnh kg kj Hgtolum Kloptm (9.666 h.I,) Jh hdhpthnojodhd dk jh vod ahvmrkioù su kxphgsoùg pmr Kurmph, jjklhgdm bhsth Ibogh . Kg kj ;%  

X[Ï KY KJ QOGM= vogm ks kj jåquodm rksujthgtk dk jh akrekgthioùg hjimbùjoih imepjkth m  phriohj dkj `ulm m emstm dk uvh.

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IJHYOAOIHIOÙG DK JMY QOGMY

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KJ IMGY[EM DK QOGM KG IMJMENOH

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Kj vogm rkprkskgth ug 84% dkj tmthj dk jhs vkgths dk joimrks, oepujshdm pmr kj huekgtm kg kj imgsuem dk vogms dk ekgmr vhjmr. sklðg dhtms dkj Lrupm Ïxotm Ïxotm,, ksth nknodh miupù kj sklugdm julhr kg vkgths kg jh ihtklmråh dk joimrks dk jh ihdkgh, img ug >8,1% dkj tmthj, dkspuïs dk  nknodhs imem jh ikrvkzh y pmr kgioeh kgio eh dkj wboscy.

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 Kg >68? ug imjmenohgm nknoù kg prmekdom, 6,2?

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jotrms dk vogm hj høm eokgtrhs kg Hrlkgtogh y Ibojk jms ogdoihdmrks hsikgdokrmg h >°ahsk0 Himgdoiomgheokgtm dkj joquodm kxtrhådm kg ug dkpmsotm dk akrekgthioùg 9°ahsk0 Akrekgthioùg

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hjimbùjoih. 1<  

Aolurh 8. donu`m dk ugh dksphjojjhdmrh

QOGOAOIHIOÙG KG V^KYKGIOH DK VH^TKY(QOGMY YÙJODHY DKJ ^HIOEM TOGTMY)

8° ahsk0 dksphjojjhdm y troturhdm dk jh uvh y trhgspmrtk dkj emstm y dk jhs phrtks sm sm jodhs dkj rhioem hj dkpm sotm dk akrekgthiom dkpm akrekgthiom g >° ahsk0 akrekgthiom akrekgthiom g hjimbm hjimbm joih y ehikrhiomg 9° ahsk0 prkgshdm

Aolurh >. kakitm dkj kstru`hdm kg jh smjunojozhiom g dk jms imepukstms dk jh uvh smjunojozhiom  

QOGOAOIHIOÙG DK ^HIOEMY KGTK^MY (TÏIGOIH T^HDOIOMGHJ KG JMY QOGMY TOGTMY)

8° mpkrhioùg0 Jh uvh kgtkrh ks ogtrmduiodh kg dkpùsotms dk akrekgthioùg pmr lrhvkdhd >° mpkrhioùg0 skphrhioùg dk jh ahsk joquodh y smjodh kg dms ahsks0 poshdm y lrhvkdhd y mtrh pmr prkgshdm

 Gmth0 kg kj ihsm dk jms vogms togtms ugh vkz aoghjozhdh jh akrekgthioùg hjimbùjoih sk prmduik jh akrekgthioùg ehjmjèitoih

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IJH^OAOIHIOÙG KYVMGT KYVMGTHGKH HGKH

Vrkiopothioùg dk ehtkrohs smjodhs kg suspkgsoùg y dk mtrms imepmgkgtks  Gmth0 phrh jmlrhr ksthnojodhd dkaogotovh kg jms vogms dknkg dk skraåsoim-quåeoih smektodms h ug prmiksm dk ksthnojozhioùg y nomjùloih

KGQK@KIOEOKGTM M I^OHGPH

Ek`mrh jhs ihrhitkråstoihs

mrlhgmjïptoihs dk jms vogms