La Tercera Colonizacion - Efrain Ruiz Caro

 

 

QYÞBMKM

Yujz Nhrm, nm`prm`jsm y tcstj`mojm Csnhsh cs bh ecrconjh quc pucgc gclhr uo vcrghgcrm pcrjmgjsth gc nuhbqujcr  phrt  ph rtcc g gcb cb `u `uog ogm. m. Gcgj Gcgjnh nhgm gm h bh bh h hnt ntuh uhbj bjgh ghg' g',, hb hb nm` nm`co coth thrj rjm m vjk vjkco cotc tc,, co cotr trcv cvcr crhg hgm m co co bh bh  phsj  ph sjþo þo pmbà pmbàtj tjnh nh,, cb cb e em` m`ir ircc gc prco prcosh sh kcoc kcocrh rhb` b`co cotc tc hiho hihogm gmoh oh su suss `jb `jbcs cs m `jb `jbbm bmoc ocss gc gc  phbh  ph bhir irhs hs co bms bms hohq hohquc ucbc bcss gc uoh ec`c ec`crm rmtc tcnh nh.. Bms Bms qu qucc sm smbc bc`m `mss rcvj rcvjsh shrr bms bms vj vjcl clms ms gjhrjms gc mtrms tjc`pms ehbbh`ms nmo frcnuconjh hbckhtms hphsjmohgms quc sjo gugh  fu  fucr crmo mo grh grh`è `ètj tjnh nh`c `cot otcc gcn gcnjs jsjv jvms ms h hqu qucb cb gàh gàh cco o qu qucc fucr fucrmo mo pui puibj bjnh nhgm gms. s. @ès @ès thr thrgc gc bbms ms ejstmrjhgmrcs rcnmkcrèo bms frutms y gjfànjb`cotc jgcotjfjnhrèo hb quc nmbmnþ hqucbbh im`ih gc tjc`pm bbh`hgh Cgjtmrjhb. Bh nm`prmihnjþo gc csth rchbjghg om gcprj`c h bms pcrjmgjsths. Bms rcpmrtcrms gc vcrghg , gc nuhbqujcr cghg, sjkuco gcpmsjthogm su fcrvmr co cb hfèo gc bmkrhr bh omtjnjh gcb gàh nm`m sj hbbà sc lukhrho bh vjgh4 y hb gàh sjkujcotc ehrèo jkuhb, hr`hogm cb tcljgm omtjnjmsm quc sc h`hrjbbhrè co bms djmsdms hqucbbh `js`h thrgc. Hsà smo co cb  fm  fmog ogm m tm tmgm gmss bms bms iu iuco coms ms pcrj pcrjmg mgjs jsth ths, s, gcsh gcshpr prco cosj sjvm vmss y hgc` hgc`ès ès hbck hbckrc rcs, s, tu tu`u `ubt btum umsm sms. s. Qcrm ehy hbkuoms quc sc cbcvho gcb nm`prm`jsm sj`pbc gc bh nmtjgjhocjghg y cb nm`cothrjm sc`hohb trhihlhr bms prmibc`hs fuogh`cothbcs prmfcsjþo. ^c nmovjcrtco prmotm cophrh milctm gc htconjþo y hkrcsjþo gc phrtc gcgc isbhgucøms gc bms `cgjms gc nm`uojnhnjþo pucs smo bms quc ehnco prckuoths gcsgc bms tcrrcoms sjogjnhb, krc`jhb, prmfcsjmohb. Cstm om cs frcnucotc co cb Qcrü y bm crh `coms ehnc nhsj nuhrcoth høms nuhogm Cfrhào Yujz Nhrm jokrcsþ hb

 

 phrh rh ffmr mr`h `hrr phrtc phrtc gc hqu hqucb cb eu eurh rhnè nèo o pc pcrj rjmg mgàs àstj tjnm nm qu qucc hnh hnhiþ iþ nmo bms  pcrj  pc rjmg mgjs js`m `m ph nhb`msms  y buckm hbhr`hgms pcrjmgjsths prmfcsjmohbcs gc uoh cthph quc gciàh scr supcrhgh. Cb clcrnjnjm gcb pcrjmgjs`m quc hsu`jþ bh fh`msh kcocrhnjþo gcb 31 fuc tm`hgm gc bh prèntjnh omrtch`crjnhoh. Bhs vjrtugcs gc bh prcosh gc hqucbbms tjc`pms, Bh Qrcosh rcomvhgh, Sbtj`h Emrh csnhoghbjzhogm, bh nrucoth Nrþojnh gc bh Whrgc, cb `mgcbm rcvjstcrm gc Wj`c, bhs cotrcvjsths bjtcrhbcs, bhs nmbu`ohs nejs`mshs hb cstjbm gc [hbtcr [jonecbb, bh oucvh nrþojnh gcpmrtjvh tmgm hqucbbm, rcpctj`ms, prmvjom gc bhs nhotcrhs gc bms `houhbcs csthgmuojgcoscs.  Hquc  Hq ucbb bbms ms pcrj pcrjmg mgjs jsth thss hprc hprcog ogjc jcrm rmo o h us ushr hr nmo nmo thbc thbcot otm m cb qu quê, ê, qujê qujêo o gþ gþog ogc, c, sjstc`h `h gc bh nuèogm, y nþ`m phrh rcnmkcr omtjnjhs y rcghnthr nmo cb ‒bchg "  y cb sjstc  pjrè  pjrè`j `jgc gc jovcr jovcrtj tjgh gh,, gc bhs shi shijh jhss bcnn bcnnjm jmoc ocs, s, cot cotrc rc mtrms mtrms,, gc Qmr Qmrtc tcr. r. Hb fj fjoh ohbj bjzh zhrr bh gênhgh cb cstjbm h`crjnhom sc pmpubhrjzhih h trhvês gc bh coscøhozh gcb pcrjmgjs`m h ojvcb uojvcrsjthrjm. Qcrm csth csnucbh tcoàh gcfcntms, nhrconjhs< ouonh ehnàh prckuoths nbhvcs smirc cb gucøm gcb pcrjþgjnm y sus jotcrcscs4 om rcspcthih bh jogjvjguhbjghg y `unem `coms pbhotchih pmsjijbjghgcs gc quc cb pcrjmgjsth cxprcshrh mpjojþo prmpjh. Qmnms sc pcrnhthrmo cotmoncs gc quc bh csnucbh omrtch`crjnhoh tho ütjb nm`m rcncth phrh scr uo iuco pcrjmgjsth co pmnm tjc`pm crh hismbuth`cotc joütjb nuhogm surkàho jotcrrmkhotcs smirc bh prmpjcghg, bms gcrcnems jotcbcntuhbcs gc bms rcpmrtcrms y co übtj`h josthonjh smirc bh pmsjnjþo pmbàtjnh gcb `cgjm. ^c bbckþ h vcncs hb cxtrc`m gc rcnbh`hr quc tmgms rcghnthrho jkuhb phrh quc cb gjhrjm phrcnjcrh csnrjtm pmr uoh smbh pcrsmoh. Qmr supucstm, bh ejstmrjh gcb pcrjmgjs`m pcruhom rckjstrhih pjmocrms gcb nucstjmoh`jcotm gcb mrgco, gcb sjstc`h gc prmpjcghg gc bms `cgjms. Lmsê Nhrbms @hrjètckujfuc cb `ès irjbbhotc gc tmgms y uojcogm Jhphbhirh h bh hnnjþo pusm co `hrneh co gjfcrcotcs cthphs gc su nmrth vjgh Oucstrh Cpmnh, Bh Yhzþo, H`huth, Bhimr, y bh `ucrtc bm smrprcogjþ nuhogm `hrnehih ehnjh cb gjhrjm pmpubhr4 Kcohrm Nh`crm Necnh fuc cb `ès tcohz gc bh sjkujcotc kcocrhnjþo, uo krupm ―pucotc" cotrc bms nm`ihtjvms gc bms høms >1 y quc covclcnjcrmo sjo hpmrthr gc`hsjhgm, y bms  lþ  lþvc vcoc ocss quc quc nmov nmovmn mnþ þ Bh Qrco Qrcosh sh.. Cb '―'―oc ockr krm‐ m‐ o om m tu tuvm vm hnn hnncs csm m th th`p `pmn mnm m h bms krh krhog ogcs cs gjhrjms pmrquc om tcoàh rcphrms co nucstjmohr y gcijþ iusnhrbh hbtcrohtjvjghg phrh cxprcshrsc.  Hprj  Hp rjst sths hs y nm`u nm`uoj ojst sths hs vjcr vjcrmo mo ncrr ncrrhg hghs hs bhs bhs pucr pucrth thss gc bh pr prco cosh sh y gc gcij ijcr crmo mo cgjthr sus prmpjms `cgjms quc om tuvjcrmo bh pmsjijbjghg gc

 

scr `hsjvms, nm`m bms mtrms. Cb pcrjmgjs`m gcb Hprh tcogràh su `clmr cxprcsjþo co @houcb ^cmhoc, clc`pbm gc nm`prm`jsm y cxncbconjh prmfcsjmohb. Qrcnjsh`cotc bh cxpcrjconjh gcb `hbtrhtm pmr bh krho prcosh ejzm quc bms hpràsths rhgjnhbjzhrho pmr `unems høms su pmsjnjþo frcotc h bms prmpjcthrjms gc bms `cgjms. @unems mtrms cgjthrmo trhihlmsh`cotc sc`hohrjms, h vcncs gjhrjms, pcrm pucgc nmothrsc nmo bms gcgms h qujcocs nucstjmohrmo cb gcrcnem gc uoms pmnms h rcprcscothr h `unems sjo scr cbckjgms phrh cbbm. Soh mpjojþo hsà sjkojfjnhih cb hohtc`h, bh nmogcoh hb gcsc`pbcm y ehsth cb mstrhnjs`m. Z hsà bcs suncgjþ h bms quc josjstjcrmo co quc bms `cgjms jofmr`htjvms fmr`hiho phrtc gc uoh jogustrjh jgcmbmkjzhgh y pmbjtjzhgh frcnucotc`cotc hb scrvjnjm gc jotcrcscs gjstjotms h bms gc bh smnjcghg.  Hquc  Hq ucbb bbms ms pcrj pcrjmg mgjs jsth thss gcb gcb 31 sc gjvj gjvjgj gjcr crmo mo co nh`j nh`jom omss gjs gjstj tjot otms ms.. Som Soms, s, bh `hym `hymrà ràh, h, hncpthrmo nmo rcsjkohnjþo cb gcstjom gcb sckuj`jcotm phsjvm h bms prmpjcthrjms y sus jotcrcscs. Mtrms rcockhrmo gc bh suimrgjohnjþo y sc bhozhrmo co pbcom hb nucstjmoh`jcotm gcb vjclm mrgco. Bh gênhgh gc bms ;1 fuc cb csncohrjm gc bh nmofrmothnjþo. Z om sþbm co cb Qcrü pmr supucstm pucs cb gcihtc gc nmoncptms y prèntjnhs sc rcpjtjþ nm`m nhbnhgm co tmgms hqucbbms bukhrcs co quc bms pcrjmgjsths sc rcnmomnàho h sà `js`ms gcnjgjêogmsc h hsu`jr rmbcs prmthkþojnms co bms prmncsms quc sc gcshrrmbbhiho. Co Hfrjnh, Hsjh, ^ugh`êrjnh, hb h`phrm gc vjkmrmsms `mvj`jcotms pmbàtjnms rcomvhgmrcs uo oucvm  pcrj  pc rjmg mgjs js`m `m jos josur urkj kjþ þ ph phrh rh p phr hrtj tjnj njph phrr co bbh h ih ihth thbb bbh h nm nmot otrh rh ccbb hg hgvc vcrs rshr hrjm jm oàt oàtjg jgh` h`co cotc tc rcnmomnjgm co bh gênhgh hotcrjmr h trhvês gc suncsms nm`m bh Ycvmbunjþo Nuihoh. Bh frhsc ‒nm`uojnhnjþo smnjhb‐ quc ghih oucvms y `hymrcs nmotcojgms hb  pcrj  pc rjmg mgjs js`m `m nm`c nm`coz ozþ þ h `h `hoc oclh lhrs rscc pcr pcrm m cco o cb cb ffmo mog gm ccbb g gjb jbc` c`h h ssjk jkuj ujþ þ sjc sjcog ogm m cb cb `js `js`m `m. @jcotrhs bms pucibms buneho pmr bjicrhrsc gcb ocmnmbmojhbjs`m, êstc eh nm`cozhgm h suiyukhroms nmo uoh oucvh, j`pcrncptjibc pcrm pmgcrmsh gm`johnjþo< bh nmbmojzhnjþo gcb em`irc co sà, gc su fmr`hnjþo y gc su nmonjconjh. Bh tcrncrh nmbmojzhnjþo om tjcoc scg gc _nmoqujsths tcrrjtmrjhbcs, pcrm cstè hvhozhogm smirc rcscrvhs `ès j`pmrthotcs quc bms rcnursms ohturhbcs. Cstè trhihlhogm, phrh gm`johr y gm`cstjnhr cb hb`h gc bms em`ircs y gc bhs nm`uojghgcs. Oms cstè nmogunjcogm. nm`m hkhrrhgms gc bh `hom, hb nmofmr`js`m, hb nmovconj`jcotm quc cb `uogm cs hsà y frcotc hb nuhb gcic`ms rcsjkoh`ms nmo bh cspcrhozh üojnh gc quc hbküo gàh, sj sckuj`ms pmr cb nh`jom jogunjgm, scrc`ms tho prþspcrms y bjircs nm`m cs m prctcogc scr oucstrm hntuhb j`pcrjm nmoguntmr. ^u eckc`moàh nubturhb bc cs jogjspcoshibc phrh sco/jrsc gc su jrrhgjhnjþo y su prmphkhogh `hojpubhgmrh. Om vjvj`ms hotc bh h`cohzh futurh gc scr oucvh`cotc nmbmojzhgms. Bm csth`ms sjcogm. Bhs oucvhs nhrhicbhs, bms `mgcroms khbcmocs y tmgm tjpm gc c`ihrnhnjmocs, ehnc gênhghs quc eho hnmgcrhgm co oucstrhs pbhyhs. ^mo bms `hojpubhgmrcs gc ncrcirms, nuyms jostru`cotms gc gm`cstjnhnjþo cstèo co oucstrms emkhrcs, co bhs nhbbcs, co bhs mfjnjohs. ^c eho hpmgcrhgm gcb cspcntrm cbcntrm`hkoêtjnm, quc cs nhsj nm`m cxprmpjhro cxprmpjhroms ms cb hjrc quc rcspjrh`ms. Oms eho rckubhgm bhs jofmr`hnjmocs, bh bcnturh, cb cotrctcoj`jcotm, bms cspcntènubms y ehsth oucstrhs nmovcrshnjmocs, trhthogm gc `hsjfjnh`ms. Oms c`pjczho h `hojpubhr nm`m h tàtcrcs. Oms cstèo nmsjfjnhogm, nmovjrtjêogmoms co milctms hghpthibcs h gjvcrsms usms, co scrcs ecnems h bh `cgjgh y co scrjc. Csth`ms vjvjcogm uoh vcrghgcrh kucrrh gcb mpjm gcstjohgh hb hgmr`cnj`jcotm gc bhs smnjcghgcs, h bh gcstrunnjþo y gcshphrjnjþo gc sus nubturhs hutþntmohs. Nm`m smstjcoc cb smnjþbmkm

omrtch`crjnhom Ecricrt ^nejbbcr, ‒uoms pmnms pucgco gctcr`johr bm quc gcico pcoshr,

ehncr, ushr y gcnjr `jbbmocs y quc jonbusm bbckuco h nrccr quc pjcosho y ehnco tmgm bm gc`ès pmrnluc bm qujcrco, pmrquc pucgco -m bcs phrcnc phrcnc quc pucgco- csnmkcr‐7.

 

Om sc trhth gc njconjh fjnnjþo. Qcrm cs hbkm quc sc bc phrcnc `unem. Ehnc `coms gc `cgjm sjkbm, cou`crhr bh `hymràh gc bms hgcbhotms tcnombþkjnms gc emy, euijcrh sjgm nmosjgcrhgm njconjh fjnnjþo. ^mo prcnjsh`cotc csms hgcbhotms njcotàfjnm-tênojnms co bh nm`uojnhnjþo, bms quc sc cstèo utjbjzhogm y pcrfcnnjmohogm phrh pmocrbms hb scrvjnjm gc bh tcrncrh nmbmojzhnjþo. Vjvj`ms bh pbcoh jovhsjþo gc bms oucvms hgcbhothgms rckjms y nmoqujsthgmrcs quc tjcoco smirc sus prcgcncsmrcs bh vcothlh gc uoh hnnjþo quc trhosnurrc gcshpcrnjijgh phrh sus oucvms nmbmoms. Cb prmncsm gc gm`cstjnhnjþo gc bms ehijthotcs gcb Wcrncr @uogm cstè co `hrneh y om bm omth`ms tmghvàh nmo nbhrjghg sufjnjcotc. Bhs vmncs gc bh `hymràh gc njcotàfjnms smnjhbcs gc bms phàscs co vàhs gc gcshrrmbbm quc nm`cozhrmo h gcouonjhrbm eho sjgm prèntjnh`cotc sjbconjhghs. ^c bcs eh qujthgm, `cgjhotc cb nehothlc cnmoþ`jnm, bh trjiuoh gc bh Mrkhojzhnjþo phrh bh Cgunhnjþo, bh Njconjh y bh Nubturh gc bhs Ohnjmocs Sojghs gcshrrmbbhrmo uo j`pmrthotc gcihtc quc fuc uocsnq- co bh nuhb cotrc bms høms 8:;7 y 8:59 gcshrrmbbhrmo pcr`hocotc`cotc sjbconjhgm pmr bhs hkconjhs omtjnjmshs trhosohnjmohbcs y pmr bms `cgjms bmnhbcs gc jofmr`hnjþo. Bhs hihogmohghs ihthbbhs pmr uo oucvm mrgco jofmr`htjvm jotcrohnjmohb, fucrmo, co rchbjghg, jojnjms frustrhgms phrh frcohr bh tcrncrh nmbmojzhnjþo quc cstè co `hrneh gcsgc bh gênhgh gc bms høms 31. Qhrh sjbconjhrbh, bms kmijcroms gc Csthgms Sojgms y gc Krho Ircthøh, h`cohzhrmo h bh SOC^NM nmo gcshphrcncrbh sj nmotjouhih fm`cothogm bh gjsnusjþo gc uo tc`h trhsncogcothb phrh cb `uogm gcb futurm y cspcnjhb`cotc phrh bms pucibms gcb Ec`jsfcrjm ^ur, y prmncgjcrmo h suprj`jr bh numth gc cstms phàscs, cqujvhbcotc h `ès gcb >1% gcb prcsupucstm gc csth mrkhojzhnjþo `uogjhb. ^jokhpur bcs sjkujþ bms phsms y ou`crmsms kmijcroms, prcsjmohgms pmr [èsejoktmo y Bmogrcs, houonjhrmo su rctjrm. ^uprj`jgm y sjbconjhgm cb gcihtc, bh pcoctrhnjþo jgcmbþkjnh y bh jovhsjþo nubturhb `cgjhotc bh `hojpubhnjþo gc bhs nmonjconjhs, nmotjoüh y sc hnrcnjcoth. Gàh quc phsh bhs nubturhs hutþntmohs gc bms phàscs gcb Wcrncr @uogm sc cnbjpsho, tjcogco h gcshphrcncr y smo sustjtujghs pmr bh nubturh gm`johotc gcb j`pcrjm. Bm cstèo bmkrhogm co `comr tjc`pm gcb quc sckurh`cotc sus prmycntjsths cspcrhrmo. Nucotho nmo bh nm`pbjnjghg gc c`prcshrjms ohtjvms nmovcrtjgms co sus hkcotcs. Wjcoco, hgc`ès, h su gjspmsjnjþo y sjo nm`pctconjh, tmgms bms nh`joms

 

hismbuth`cotc hijcrtms pmr cb pcrfcnnjmoh`jcotm gc tcnombmkàhs csphnjhbcs pucsths hb scrvjnjm gc uoh nm`uojnhnjþo quc sþbm cb j`pcrjm nmotrmbh. H trhvês gc cbbh oms eho nmovcrtjgm co bcntmrcs gc bm quc sþbm cbbms qujcrco quc bch`ms4 gc cspcnthgmrcs gc prmphkhogh y cotrctcoj`jcotms prcphrhgms phrh jogunjroms hb jogjvjguhbjs`m y hb nmofmr`js`m, cxtrhøms y huscotcs gc bms nmofbjntms smnjhbcs4 hb hpm- bjtjnjs`m4 h `mgjfjnhr oucstrms nm`pmrth`jcotms y nmogunths, co fjo, h rcgunjroms h bh nmogjnjþo gc `hsh hocstcsjhgh pmr hpbjnhnjþo gc bh oucvh y csnmogjgh jokcojcràh smnjhb, gcstjohgh h rcmrkhojzhr krhguhb`cotc h bh smnjcghg eu`hoh. Nmomnjgh th`ijêo nm`m jokcojcràh eu`hoh sc bh gcfjoc yh nm`m bh njconjh phrh `mbgchr y hlusthr bh ~ hntjtug gc bms em`ircs, h bh nuhb uo lucz omrtch`crjnhom eh nhbjfjnhgm nm`m ‒hrtc ockrm, njconjh gc cokhøhr h bh kcotc y pcrsuhgjrbh‐. ^c hvhozh smirc cb ijmnmotrmb, ‒njconjh gcstjohgh h rckubhr bms prmncsms

`cothbcs, bhs rchnnjmocs c`mtjvhs y bh pcrncpnjþo scosmrjhb `cgjhotc scøhbcs cbêntrjnhs‐3. Cstc ‒hrtc ockrm‐ fuc gcsnuijcrtm pmr bhs hkconjhs gc puibjnjghg hotc sus frcnucotcs

frhnhsms mnhsjmohgms pmr bh jocxhntjtug gc bhs trhgjnjmohbcs conucsths y smogcms. Gcsgc cotmoncs h bh hntuhbjghg, eho pcrfcnnjmohgm sus `êtmgms ehsth bbcvhrbms hb ojvcb gc njconjh, pucstm quc sus rcsubthgms smo gcijgh`cotc nuhotjfjnhgms y nm`prmihgms. Emy, csth njconjh fmr`h phrtc gcb hrscohb gc bh pmbàtjnh cxtcrjmr omrtch`crjnhoh nmo uoh nbhrh cstrhtckjh gc nmbmojzhnjþo `cothb, co nu`pbj`jcotm gc bcycs cbc`cothbcs. Bh ‒rjquczh nm`m cb pmgcr nhrcnco gc bà`jtcs‐, pmr csm trhtho gc jonrc`cothrsc jogcfjojgh`cotc.  Qhrh nmosmbjghr su pmgcr cnmoþ`jnm, bc cs jogjspcoshibc cb gm`jojm pmbàtjnm y nubturhb. Z bm cstè bmkrhogm, sjo bh iruthbjghg sègjnh gc bh ^hoth Joqujsjnjþo phrh nh`ijhr oucstrms nubtms ohtjvms, sjom nmo cb ehsth emy jovconjibc hr`h gc bhs nm`uojnhnjmocs. Co vcz gcb bètjkm, gcb pmtrm m gcb vjb khrrmtc, emy sc usho sà`imbms, nmbmrcs, `coshlcs. Gc cstc `mgm nu`pbjrèo su hotjkum sucøm j`pcrjhb< cb gcb gcstjom `hojfjcstm, bh `jsjþo prmvjgconjhb m cb sucøm h`crjnhom, co vjrtug gcb nuhb sc eho nmostjtujgm co bms suprc`ms kuhrgjhocs gc bh bjicrthg, gc bh njvjbjzhnjþo mnnjgcothb y nrjstjhoh, gcb ijco y gcb prmkrcsm y pmr csm sc eho prmpucstm `mgcbhr cb `uogm h su ho hotmlm. tmlm. Cb sjkbm phshgm cb scohgmr Icvcrjgkc gcfjojþ h Csthgms Sojgms nm`m rcspmoshibc gc gcsc`pcøhr ‒cb phpcb njvjbjzhgmr, uoh ohnjþo 

 

conhrkhgh gc hg`jojstrhr h bms pucibms ièrihrms y scojbcs‐. Njcotm njonucoth høms gcspuês,

Ymicrt Dcoocgy pcoshih bm `js`m, hb hfjr`hr quc su phàs tcoàh bh mibjkhnjþo gc ‒hsu`jr bh gjrcnnjþo jotcbcntuhb gcb pbhocth". ^j khoh csth gcshpcrnjijgh c jovjsjibc ihthbbh, cb j`pcrjm ehirè nu`pbjgm su "`jsjþo prmvjgconjhb" y bms phàscs gcb Wcrncr @uogm sc ehirèo gcsohnjmohbjzhgmc. MOS S, gcb ½Nþ`m cs pmsjibc j`hkjohr quc uo phàs, h pcshr, hj `hrkco y pmr conj`h gc bh MO gcrcnem jotcrohnjmohb, gc prjonjpjms nmoshkrhgms jogjspcoshibcs phrh cb `hotcoj`jcotm gc bh phz y gc bh nmovjvconjh uojvcrshb, nm`m smo bh hutmgctcr`johnjþo y bh smicrhoàh gc bms pucibms, pucgh hpbjnhr sus njconjhs `hojpubhtmrjhs, su jokcojcràh eu`hoh, h smnjcghgcs gjstjoths y bclhohs gc su tcrrjtmrjm, bh `hymràh gc bhs nuhbcs om ehibho oj su jgjm`h= Ejtbcr gjm bh rcncth, nuhogm gcnbhrþ quc ‒bh prmphkhogh oms pcr `jtjþ khohr y nmoscrvhr

cb pmgcr y oms ghrè bh pmsjijbjghg gc nmoqujsthr cb `uogm‐. Qmr `unem tjc`pm su

bukhrtcojcotc Kmciicbs fuc-nmosjgcrhgm nm`m cb `hcstrm gc bh prmphkhogh pmbàtjnh. Emy om phshràh gc uo hprcogjz bj`jthgm pmr uoh rhgjm hpcohs `clmr quc uo rcncptmr gc khbcoh, jkomrhotc gc tcnombmkàhs y `cgjms gc nuyh cxjstconjh om j`hkjoþ oj co sus gcbjrhotcs sucøms gc krhogczh. Soh nmsh sjo c`ihrkm cs njcrth< bh vhbjgcz jofcrohb gc bh prmphkhogh. Bh prmphkhogh fhohtjzh h `ubtjtugcs y h pucibms. Whb vcz bms `clmrcs prmphkhogjsths gc bh hotjkòcghg fucrmo bms hpþstmbcs quc, nmo bh mfcrth gc bh tjcrrh prm`ctjgh, bbcvhrmo h bms fjcbcs hb shnrjfjnjm. Bh prmphkhogh prcncgc h bhs kucrrhs, h bms clêrnjtms y h bms nm`ihtcs. Co cb bcokuhlc `jbjthr sc bc bbh`h prcphrhnjþo psjnmbþkjnh.

Ljh nm`uojnhnjþo, nmotrmbhgh pmr krupms trhosohnjmohbcs quc nmjonjgco y gcfjcogco bh pmbàtjnh cxtcrjmr gc Csthgms Sojgms, cs emy cb krho jostru`cotm gc nmbmojzhnjþo. Bh nm`uojnhnjþo cokbmih tmgms bms sjstc`hs vjonubhgms h bh `cotc eu`hoh. Gcsgc bms -co hphrjconjh jomncotcs-gjiulms hoj`hgms y rcvjsths jofhotjbcs ehsth bh jofmr`ètjnh y bhs tcnombmkàhs nþs`jnhs, trhospmrthogm `coshlcs co jofmr`hnjmocs, j`èkcocs, sà`imbms< bjirms, rcvjsths, gjhrjms, njoc, tcbcvjsjþo, krhihnjmocs gc `üsjnh y gc cspcntènubms. Qhrh sus fjocs, ehnco gc bh nm`uojnhnjþo uo gjbuvjm pcr`hocotc smirc oucstrms ncrcirms quc om oms gh trckuh phrh kuhrcncroms co bh rcfbcxjþo. Soh nm`uojnhnjþo

 

sustcothgh, th`ijêo co hphrjconjh, co bh bjicrthg gc cxprcsjþo, pmrjk nuhb sc bh nmosjgcrh nhtckmràh jogjsnutjibc y pmr bm thotm jogctcoàijc c johthnhibc. ^jo c`ihrkm, uoh nm`uojnhnjþo hrijtrhrjh, hrijtrhrjh, jolusth, nmotrh- ràh h sus prmpjhs csconjhs y h bh bjicrthg.

Ohgh ehy gc jomncotc oj gc j`phrnjhb co bh nm`uojnhnjþo. Om cxjstco `coshlcs ocutrms, oj êstms sc gho üojnh`cotc nmo cb njoc, bh tcbcvjsjþo y bhs jofmr`hnjmocs. Cb j`pcrjm om gcsnujgh ohgh. Co bh bhrch nmbmojzhgmrh, nu`pbco su phpcb gcsgc cb sj`pètjnm Qhtm GmohdL4 su tàm Yjnm @hn Qhtm4  bms `hrhvjbbmsms `ufjcqujtms phrbhotcs gc Qbhzh ^êsh`m4 bh cogjhibhgh jogustrjh gjsnmkrèfjnh quc oms ehnc hvcrkmozhr y prmotm oms ehrè mbvjghr oucstrh `üsjnh ohtjvh4 bms bjirms gc imbsjbbm4 bhs rcvjsths nm`m bh gjfuogjgh ^cbcnnjmocs gcb Ychgcr‚s Gjkcst, bh jofmr`ètjnh nmo sus ihonms gc ghtms. Qrmotm scrèo bhs c`jsjmocs gjrcnths gc tcbcvjsjþo sjo jotcr`cgjhrjms ehsth oucstrms emkhrcs, pmr conj`h gc smicrhoàhs, gcsgc sus shtêbjtcs gmthgms gc bms übtj`ms hgcbhotms tcnombþkjnms prcphrhgms phrh su kucrrh gc bhs khbhxjhs.

Qhrh bh hpbjnhnjþo gc bh jokcojcràh eu`hoh y prcvjh h bh nm`uojnhnjþo gcsjofmr`hgmrh y h sus `coshlcs hbjcohotcs y `hojpubhgmrcs, cs jogjspcoshibc nmomncr bh nmogunth, hspjrhnjmocs, frustrhnjmocs, nrcconjhs, co fjo, ehsth bms nm`pbclms gc bms ehijthotcs gc uoh nm`uojghg. Cb kmijcrom omrtch`crjnhom conm`cogþ hb Qcotèkmom bh hpbjnhnjþo gc bh jokcojcràh eu`hoh co 78 phàscs gcb Wcrncr @uogm. ^c nmonrcthrmo pbhocs, nm`m cb Nh`cbmt, phrh hohbjzhr h bms `jbjthrcs nejbcoms4 cb ^j`pètjnm phrh `jbjthrcs y nh`pcsjoms gc Nmbm`ijh4 cb pbho Nmbmojh phrh jkuhbcs gcstjohthrjms co cb Qcrü, cotrc mtrms. Cb Qcotèkmom cb prmycntm h trhvês gcNrjstjhoh bh Sojvcrsjghg gc Frcj. [èsejoktmo. Kmicrohih Nejbc, corchbjzþ csc tjc`pm, bh Gc`mnrhnjh nmo cb H`êrjnh prcsjgcotc Nuhogm bms nucstjmohrjms ehiàho sjgm yh rcspmogjgms pmr `jbjthrcs y nhrhijocrms, co hntjvjghg y rctjrm, sc gcsnuirjþ bh mpcrhnjþo quc sc rchbjzhih nm`m uo cstugjm njcotàfjnm, nmo gcsnmomnj`jcotm gcb kmijcrom. Cb csnèoghbm fuc `hyüsnubm. ^c fmr`hrmo nm`jsjmocs jovcstjkhgmrhs co cb Nmokrcsm gc

 

Nejbc. Crh johg`jsjibc om sþbm pmr fhbth gc rcspctm h uo phàs, sjom pmr bh vjmbhnjþo gc su smicrhoàh. Qmr csm om sc rchbjzho `ès, hijcrth`cotc, cstms pbhocs gc cspjmohlc smnjmbþkjnm y psjnmbþkjnm. Qcrm cb j`pcrjm om pucgc rcouonjhr h sus milctjvms. Bms cstugjms smo jogjspcoshibcs. ^jo nmomncrbms, om fuonjmohràh bh jokcojcràh smnjhb. Qucs ijco. Csms trhihlms bms sjkuc rchbjzhogm cb kmijcrom gc Csthgms Sojgms y nmo bh cotusjhsth nmbhimrhnjþo gc prmfcsjmohbcs ohtjvms. Cxjstco ou`crmshs fuoghnjmocs omrtch`crjnhohs, nm`m bh Fmrg , Ymndcfcbbcr, Fubbirjket, Kmteho, @hrsehbb y mtrhs, h trhvês gc bhs nuhbcs cb Qcotèkmom nhohbjzh bms fmogms ocncshrjms. Cstms sc gcrjvho h sus ncotrms gc cstugjms co cb Wcrncr @uogm, quc smo fjohb`cotc bms conhrkhgms gc rchbjzhr cb trhihlm. Whb vcz sjo shicr c jomncotcs, `unems prmfcsjmohbcs gcb Wcrncr @uogm, nmo bh ‒hyugh quc `hth‐ cstèo nmotrjiuycogm h bh tcrncrh

nmbmojzhnjþo.

Bh tcrncrh nmbmojzhnjþo nmjonjgc nmo bh rcvmbunjþo njcotàfjnm- tênojnh, h nuyh vhokuhrgjh cstèo bhs nm`uojnhnjmocs nmo sus shtêbjtcs, bhs nm`puthgmrhs ijohrjhs, bh jofmr`ètjnh, bms nhibcs gc fjirh þptjnh, bhs j`prcsjmocs gc bèscr y bhs tjoths cbcntrmstètjnhs, bms scrvjnjms tcbc`ètjnms, bh mptmcbêntrjnh, bh fàsjnh gcb csthgm sþbjgm, bh têbcgctcnnjþo csphnjhb y uoh jogustrjh cstrhtêkjnh nuyms hbnhoncs sþbm jotuj`ms. Wmgms cstms prmgjkjms nrchgms pmr bh jotcbjkconjh gcb em`irc quc gcicràho scrvjr h bh eu`hojghg cstèo, sjo c`ihrkm, hb scrvjnjm gc bh pmbàtjnh cxtcrjmr omrtch`crjnhoh y gc su j`pcrjhbjs`m jgcmbþkjnm. Co cb `ès hbtm ojvcb gcb kmijcrom, mrkhojs`ms nm`m bh Sojtcg ^thtcs Jofmr`htjmo ^crvjnc  (usjs) bh nàh y cb Qcotèkmom, nmo su frust gc ncrcirms, smo rcspmoshibcs gc pbhojfjnhr y clcnuthr, co nmbhimrhnjþo nmo bms prmpjcthrjms gc bms nm`pbclms iêbjnmjogustrjh- bcs, bhs pmbàtjnhs gc gm`johnjþo jgcmbþkjnh gc bms ehijthotcs gcb Ec`jsfcrjm ^ur. Nmbhimrho nmo cbbms, bms krupms gm`johotcs gcb Wcrncr @uogm, hspjrhotcs h bh trhosohnjmohbjzhnjþo gc su nbhsc smnjhb. Som gc bms jostru`cotms bhtjomh`crjnhoms `ès cfjnjcotcs co csh thrch cs bh ^mnjcghg Jotcrh`crjnhoh gc Qrcosh (sjp) fuoghgh pmr cb Qcotèkmom y fjohonjhgh pmr bh nàh, nm`m sc gc`mstrhrè co bhs pèkjohs quc sjkuco. Bh puibjnjghg, nmovcrtjgh co pmgcr `uogjhb cs mtrm jostru`cotm gcnjsjvm gcstjohgm h trhosfmr`hr h bhs oucvhs nmbmojhs co smnjcghgcs

 

ic nmosu`m. Cb prmncsm gc bh gcspcrsmohbjzhnjþo y gcsohnjmohbjzhnjþo gc bms phàscs gcb Wcrncr @uogm cstè co clcnunjþo. Bh tcrncrh nmbmojzhnjþo hvhozh nmo cb csnugm prmtcntmr gc bh bjicrthg gc prcosh y gcb bjirc fbulm gc bh jofmr`hnjþo.

 

Nhpàtubm JJ CB @JWM GC BH BJICYWHG GC QYCO^H

‒Bh smnjcghg eh pcr`jtjgm quc bh bjicrthg gc

cxprcsjþo pucgh scr clcrnjgh co fuonjþo gc bms `cgjms quc gjspmokh nhgh jogjvjgum. Gc thb `hocrh quc bh bjicrthg gc cxprcsjþo sc eh nmovcrtjgm, co bh prèntjnh, co bh bjicrthg gc ¡ms rjnms"  Srem Dcddmoco, Qrcsjgcotc gc Fjobhogjh

 

Nm`uojnhnjþo< bcy gcb c`iugm hb rcvês rcv ês

Gcsgc bh pcrspcntjvh gc bh nm`uojnhnjþo, bh eu`hojghg vjvc su nuhrth y thb vcz cstê jokrcshogm h su qujoth rcvmbunjþo. Cstm sþbm scrè (>3sjIWê gcjfàøWr nmo ojtjgcz co cb futurm. L]h prj`crh rcvmbunjþo sc prmgulm nuhogm cb eu`homjgc prj`jtjvm y `ugm, nmo uoh cspcrhozh gc vjgh om `hymr gc 71 høms y sjo `ès hr`hs quc uoh pjcgrh phrh cbj`johr h mtrms scrcs vjvjcotcs phrh hbj`cothrsc gc cbbms, prmouonjþ bh prj`crh phbhirh y hprcogjþ h ehibhr. Ycnjcotcs gcsnuirj`jcotms co bhs nucvhs gc Xhihrh co bhs fhbghs gcb `motc Nhr`cbm, co Jsrhcb, rcvcbho quc cb em`irc ehibhih ehnc 61 `jb høms. Nmo bh phbhirh, cb eu`homjgc sc nmovjrtjþ co eu`hom. Cb ncrcirm gcb em`àojgm crh cotmoncs `uy prj`jtjvm, gmbjnmnêfhbm y sc`clhotc hb gcb `mom quc nmomnc`ms. Qhrh quc cb pmrtcotm gcb vcrim sc prmgulcrh, su hohtm`àh tuvm quc nh`ijhr phrh quc hphrcnjcrh co su csqucbctm cb eucsm ejmjgcs y bms þrkhoms quc sc bc hgejrjcrmo, bm quc bc pmsjijbjtþ trhosfmr`hr bms smojgms co phbhirhs y nm`uojnhrsc mrhb`cotc nmo sus sc`clhotcs. Co csc `m`cotm bms eu`homjgcs oms nmovcrtj`ms co em`ircs y sc jojnjþ bh ejstmrjh gc bh eu`hojghg. Bh sckuogh rcvmbunjþo sc jojnjh nmo cb gcsnuirj`jcotm gc bh csnrjturh. Nuhogm bms eu`homs hprcogj`ms h bccr y h csnrjijr-scküo cb csnrjtmr omrtch`crjnhom, Gho Bhnyoms trhosfmr`h`ms co njvjbjzhgms. Qcrm bhs `hymràhs üojnh`cotc sckuàho ehibhogm. Bms quc hprcogjcrmo h bccr y csnrjijr sc nmovjrtjcrmo co bms prjvjbckjhgms gc su tjc`pm y hgqujrjcrmo pmr cbbm, pmgcr. Bh bcnturh y bh csnrjturh bcs mtmrkþ

 

uoh bjicrthg quc bms gc`ès om pmscàho. Csh bjicrthg bcs sjrvjþ phrh gm`johr, nmbmojzhr y csnbhvjzhr. Fucrmo jms fhvmrjtms gc bhs nmrtcs `cgjmcvhbcs. Bms scømrcs fcughbcs quc om shiàho bccr y csnrjijr, tcoàho h su scrvjnjm h qujcocs bm supjcrho. H csth cthph nmrrcspmogc uo krho gcshrrmbbm jotcbcntuhb smirc tmgm co Curmph, su `clmr csncohrjm. Fuc csth supcrhnjþo bh quc bms j`pubsþ h bh nmoqujsth y h bh nmbmojzhnjþo gcb rcstm gcb `uogm. Bh csnrjturh bcs gjm supcrjmrjghg. ^jo bh csnrjturh y bh bcnturh vjvjràh`ms co uo `uogm prþxj`m h bhs nhvcrohs, sjo omnjþo gc ejstmrjh oj nubturh, quc cs ‒tmgm bm quc cb em` irc eh høhgjgm h bh ohturhbczhs Bh csnrjturh trhosfmr`þ hb em`irc y sus nmstu`ircs. Hbtcrþ su jotcbjkconjh, smirc tmgm su `c`mrjh. Bh kcotc quc hprcogjþ h bccr y h csnrjijr, hihogmoþ bh prèntjnh y cb clcrnjnjm gc bh oc`mtcnojh, smirc tmgm nuhogm bms fcojnjms jovcothrmo su hbfhictm sconjbbm y sc hihogmohrmo bms pjntmkrh`hs. Qcrm sþbm nmo csnrjturh y bcnturh, bh nm`uojnhnjþo om phshih gcb ojvcb jotcrpcrsmohb, `cgjhotc bh nhrth `housnrjth gjrjkjgh gc pcrsmoh h pcrsmoh. Gcspuês sc h`pbjhràh nmo cb `coshlc bcàgm co hbth vmz h pcqucøms krupms, nmo bms prckmocrms y bms ihogms quc nmo `üsjnms pmr gcbhotc rcnmrràho bhs nhbbcs phrh htrhcr h bh kcotc y bccrbcs bms cgjntms rchbcs. Nuhogm Kutcoicrk jovcoth bh tjpmkrhfàh y pcrfcnnjmoh bh j`prcoth, sc jojnjh bh tcrncrh rcvmbunjþo quc, gcsgc cb puotm gc vjsth nm`u- ojnhnjmohb, sc eh jgm jgm prmfuogjzhogm ehsth bbckhr h bhs oucvhs tcnombmkàhs cgjtmrjhbcs gcb prcscotc. Hbkuoms cstugjmsms jonbuyco co csth cthph gcb gcshrrmbbm h bms `cgjms hugjmvjsuhbcs. Mtrms nmosjgcrho h bh trhos`jsjþo gc bh j`hkco pmr `cgjm gc bh tcbcvjsjþo, nm`m bh nuhrth rcvmbunjþo. ^c hgcbhoth, pmr hutmrjzhghs mpjojmocs, quc bh njicroêtjnh nmostjtujrè mtrh krho trhosfmr`hnjþo nm`uojnhnjmohb -bh qujoth- co bh eu`hojghg. Nmo Kutcoicrk nm`jcozh cb fjo gc bms `coshlcs gc pcrsmoh h pcrsmoh, gc bms mrjkjohbcs nmpjhgms uom h uom, bctrh pmr bctrh. Nmo bh rcprmgunnjþo tjpmkrèfjnh pmgàh nm`uojnhrsc nmo krupms nhgh vcz `hymrcs. Gho Bhny csthibcnc uoh sucrtc gc bcy quc phrcnc jocxmrhibc co bhs nm`uojnhnjmocs. Soh bcy gcb c`iugm h bh Jovcrsh, co bh nuhb bm j`pmrthotc cs hpmgcrhrsc gc bh phrtc hokmsth. Bh prmpjcghg m cb nmotrmb gc bhs j`prcsmrhs gc Kutcoicrk mtmrkho pmgcr h sus pmsccgmrcs. Bms quc gho cb `coshlc smo `coms co prmpmrnjþo h bms quc rcnjico. Nuhotm `ès krhogcs smo bms hugjtmrjms, `coms ou`crmsms smo bms quc clcrnco bh fhnubthg fhnubthg gc nm`uojnhr. ‒@jcotrhs `ès honeh 

 

cs bh imnh gc shbjgh, `ès hokmsth cs bh cotrhgh‐. Csth oucvh bcy gcb c`iugm sc nu`pbc nmo

`hymr ojtjgcz nmo bms gcsnuirj`jcotms tcnombþkjnms, cspcnjhb`cotc nmo bh rhgjm, bh tcbcvjsjþo y bh jofmr`ètjnh, tms rcncptmrcs gc `coshlcs sc nucotho emy pmr gcncohs m ncotcohrcs gc `jbbmocs. ^mo bms quc mnupho bh phrtc honeh gcb c`iugm. Hbkujco jbustrþ cstc puotm nm`phrhogm bh nhotjghg gc kcotc quc vjm pmr bh tcbcvjsjþo bh pucsth co csncoh gc Eh`bct. Co uoh smbh trhos`jsjþo, gcsgc uo cstugjm om `hymr quc cb gc uo csncohrjm tchtrhb, Eh`bct ehiàh sjgm vjsth pmr `ès kcotc quc gurhotc tmghs bhs prcscothnjmocs co tmgms bms jgjm`hs y tchtrms gcb `uogm gcsgc quc ^ehdcspchrc bh csnrjijcrh. Co bh `cgjgh ‒quc sc eho pcrfcnnjmohgm bms `cgjms y su hbnhonc sc eh nmovcrtjgm co jofjojtm, `ès jotcoshs smo bhs prcsjmocs smnjhbcs quc mibjkho h nmotrmbhr cb nhohb gc nm`uojnhnjþo quc sc utjbjnc‐ cxpbjnh Bhny phrh fuogh`cothr bh bcy gcb c`iugm. Krupms trhosohnjmohbcs smo emy bms quc mnupho bh phrtc hokmsth gcb c`iugm. ^mo bms icocfjnjhrjms y usufruntuhrjms gc bh bjicrthg gc cxprcsjþo. Bms gc`ès pmibhgmrcs gcb pbhocth sm`ms mycotcs, bcntmrcs y cspcnthgmrcs phsjvms gc sus `coshlcs. Co cb cstrjntm scotjgm gc bh phbhirh om cxjstc sjqujcrh nm`uojnhnjþo. Qmrquc êsth bbcvh j`pbànjtm cb nmoncptm gc rcnjprmnjghg. Om pucgc ehicr nm`uojnhnjþo nmo uo nm- `uojnhgmr hntjvm y uo rcncptmr htcotm, gþnjb y sjbcotc, sjo pmsjijbjghg gc gjèbmkm, rêpbjnh oj phrtjnjphnjþo. Qhrh hbkuoms cstugjmsms, bh nm`uojnhnjþo smnjhb om cxjstc. @ès prmpjm scràh gcom`johrbh sj`pbc`cotc nm`m jofmr`hnjþo y, êsth, nm`m cb gcrcnem gc uoms pmnms phrh gjrjkjrsc hb rcstm gc bh eu`hojghg. Whb vcz co tjc`pms co quc cb eu`homjgc sc nmovjrtjþ co eu`hom y sc csthibcnjþ cb gjèbmkm y bh nm`uojnhnjþo mrhb, pmgràh hfjr`hrsc quc bh bjicrthg gc cxprcsjþo crh uo gcrcnem gc tmgms, pcrm om emy, nuhogm bms `cgjms gc jofmr`hnjþo nmotrmbhgms pmr prjvjbckjhgms `mompmbjzho csh bjicrthg y eho nmovcrtjgm h bms gc`ès scrcs co bcntmrcs y rcncptmrcs gc `coshlcs, nuym üojnm gcstjom cs vcr, màr, nrccr y nm`prhr. Co bh smnjcghg gc nmosu`m, bms quc nmotrmbho bms `cgjms jofmr`htjvms y gc prmphkhogh oms eho hsjkohgm cb phpcb gc micgjcotcs nm`prhgmrcs. Om tcoc`ms bjicrthg gc cxprcsjþo, pcrm sà bh jrrcstrjnth bjicrthg gc nm`prhr. Qrcnjsh`cotc, uom gc bms milctjvms gc bh tcrncrhconmbmojzhnjþo cs,nmosu`m. `cgjhotc bh puibjnjghg y bh prmphkhogh, nmovcrtjr h bhs oucvhs nmbmojhs smnjcghgcs gc

 

Gcrcnem gc bms jofmr`hgmrcs, om gc bms jofmr`hgms Bh bjicrthg gc prcosh cs cb `jtm `clmr nmoscrvhgm y `ès gjfuogjgm gc bh Wjcrrh. Om ehy gc`þnrhth oj gjnthgmr quc om lurc gcfcogcrbh. lHy gc hqucb quc om bh rcnmomznh y bc rjogh pbcjtcsàhb So gjbuvjm gc hohtc`hs nhcrè smirc su nhiczh. Qjomnect, ^m`mzh y ehsth Jgj H`ào Ghgè sc prmnbh`hrmo om sþbm sus gcfcosmrcs, sjom hgc`ès, gcfcosmrcs gc bh `ès jrrcstrjnth bjicrthg gc prcosh. Csth bjicrthg cs bh prj`crh, bh `ès j`pmrthotc. ^jo cbbh om scràh oj j`hkjohibc pcoshr co bhs gc`ès. Cs cb sustcotm, bh nmbu`oh vcrtcirhb gc bh gc`mnrhnjh. ½Xujêo sc htrcvc h nmotrhgcnjrbh m pmr bm `coms h nucstjmohrbh= Qucgco gcshphrcncr tmghs bhs mtrhs bjicrthgcs, pcrm lh`ès bh gc prcosh. ^þbm pcoshrbm cs nhcr co hpmsthsàh. Csnrjtm cstè quc cb em`irc ohnjþ bjirc y om pmgràh vjvjr y `mrjr bjirc sjo bh cxjstconjh gc bh bjicrthg gc prcosh quc bc hsckurc csc gjsfrutc. ½Mpjohrèo bm `js`m bms `jbbmocs gc hohbfhictms y sc`jhohbfhictms gc H`êrjnh Bhtjoh, Hsjh y Hfrjnh= Bh bjicrthg gc prcosh cs th`ijêo uo gcrcnem gjvjom. ^j tm gugèjs rcvjshg bhs conànbjnhs, gcsgc cb Hrnhou` Gjvjohc ehsth cb Qhnc` jo Wcrrjs, phshogm pmr bh Krhvcs gc Nmo`coj, bh Jo`mrthbc Gcj y bh Ycru` Omvhru`. Hfjr`hr quc bh bjicrthg gc prcosh cs uo `jtm, cs nm`m hrrmlhr hb sucbm bhs shkrhghs csnrjturhs co pbcoh Joqujsjnjþo. Htheuhbph, cb c`pcrhgmr jonh, om sc shbvþ gcb khrrmtc vjb oj nmo cb phkm gcb rcsnhtc nmosjstcotc co uoh ehijthnjþo bbcoh gc mrm ehsth gmogc bbckhrh, c`pjoèogmsc, cb gcgm `ès bhrkm gc su `hom, pmr ehicrsc pucstm bh ijibjh hb màgm y hb om csnunehr ohgh, hrrmlhrbh hb sucbm. Bh bjicrthg gc prcosh cs uoh nhtckmràh sjo bukhr h gughs oj gcihtc. Cs uoh vcrghg hismbuth, `ès jogjsnutjibc quc uo hxjm`h `htc`ètjnm. ^jo c`ihrkm, cs uo `jtm, uoh fhbhnjh h thb cxtrc`m rcpctjgh, quc yh om sc hg`jtc hotc cbbh oj cb csncptjnjs`m. Ehy bjicrthg phrh tmgm y phrh tmgms, `coms phrh bms quc msco rm`pcr cb `jtm. Cb `hymr bhvhgm ncrcirhb quc eh sufrjgm bh eu`hojghg cs phrh nmovconcrbh smirc cb gmk`h gc bh bjicrthg gc prcosh, bbh`hgh th`ijêo bjicrthg gc cxprcsjþo, pcrm quc co bh prèntjnh sc rcgunc h uoh vubkhr y hphrcotc bjicrthg g# c`prcsh. Bh bjicrthg gc prcosh om cxjstc oj co cb phàs quc sc comrkubbcncgc scr sunuohy quc bh prmnbh`h jrrcstrjnth.

 

Nm`m prjonjpjm luràgjnm, bh bjicrthg cs uo gcrcnem gc tmgms y nhgh uom gc bms jotckrhotcs gc bh smnjcghg. Bh Gcnbhrhnjþo gc bms Gcrcnems Eu`homs bm nmosjkoh nm`m uoh gc bhs `ès prcnjhghs nmoqujsths gc bh eu`hojghg, cb prj`cr gcrcnem gcb em`m shpjcos. Co tcmràh y pmr `hoghtm nmostjtunjmohb -om cxjstc nhrth `hkoh quc om bh rcnmlh co sus prj`crms bms ohnjgms smirc pbhocth tcoc`ms cb gcrcnem gc ehibhr, csnrjijr chrtànubmsj`prj`jrtmgms sjo hutmrjzhnjþo prcvjhcstc oj ncosurh gc ojokuoh hutmrjghg. Nuhogm sc rcnmomnc nm`m uo gcrcnem cb ehibhr, om sc rcfjcrc hb cbc`cothb hntm gc pmocr co hnnjþo bms þrkhoms gc bh fmohnjþo oj h bh sj`pbc nmovcrshnjþo, sjom h bh pmsjijbjghg gc ehncr nmomncr jgchs, nràtjnhs y prmpucsths pmr `cgjm gc jostru`cotms quc gjfuogho mpjojmocs hotc bms gc`ès `jc`irms gc bh nm`uojghg. Ohgjc csnrjic pmr bh sj`pbc shtjsfhnnjþo gc bh hutmbcnturh. Bm ehnc phrh quc mtrms bm bcho. Co mtrhs phbhirhs, bh cxprcsjþo gc bhs jgchs, pmr bh phbhirh ehibhgh m csnrjth cs uo gcrcnem quc hsjstc h tmgms pmr jkuhb. Qcrm csth fhnubthg luràgjnh cs vjrtuhb, pucstm quc phrh clcrncrbh ehnco fhbth rcqujsjtms jogjspcoshibcs quc om sc bmkrho sjo gcpcogconjh, suimrgjohnjþo y ehsth su`jsjþo cnmoþ`jnh. Cb gcrcnem gcvjcoc cotmoncs co prjvjbckjm gcb rcgunjgm quc pucgc hnncgcr h bh gc bms `cgjms gc nm`uojnhnjþo. Qmr krupm cstc ecnem, hgqujcrco uo pmgcr smirc bmsprmpjcghg gc`ès. Nm`m smstjcoc cb cgjtmrjhbjsth gc Bc @mogc,  Nbhugc Lubjco, tmgh bjicrthg quc bj`jth m vjmbh bh gc bms gc`ès, gclh gc scr uo gcrcnem y gcvjcoc co uo hiusm. Huoquc phrcznh smrprcogcotc, bms prj`crms quc pmoco co gugh m sj`pbc`cotc om nrcco co bh bjicrthg gc prcosh, pmr cxpcrjconjh y phgcnj`jcotms, smo bms pcrjmgjsths. Bms ckrcshgms gc bhs csnucbhs gc pcrjmgjs`m m gc nm`uojnhnjþo smnjhb bbckho h uoh rcghnnjþo nmo bh cspcrhozh gc hpbjnhr bms krhogcs prjonjpjms, nm`m bh milctjvjghg y bh bjicrthg gc cxprcsjþo quc hprcogjcrmo co sus nbhscs. Mtrms, sj om nmo prctcosjmocs gc shbvhr hb `uogm, pmr bm `coms phrh nm`ihtjr bhs jolustjnjhs y bhs bhnrhs gc bh smnjcghg co quc vjvco. Bh rchbjghg quc conucotrco scrè, gcsgc cb prj`cr gàh, gjfcrcotc h bh quc j`hkjohrmo. ^j, pmr clc`pbm, phrh nu`pbjr bh thrch conm`coghgh pmr bh tcbcvjsjþo, sc phshrmo emrhs co bh vàh püibjnh cotrcvjsthogm h trhoscüotcs, scrè cb cgjtmr gcb prmkrh`h jofmr`htjvm -co vjrtug gc mtrh bjicrthg< bh bjicrthg gc cgjthr- cb conhrkhgm gc ehncr gcshphrcncr m gjs`joujr cb oü`crm gc bms quc mpjohrmo co uo scotjgm, phrh quc cb nrjtcrjm

 

nmotrhrjm hphrcznh `hymrjthrjm y nmjonjgh nmo bhs nmovcojconjhs gc bms prmpjcthrjms gc bh csthnjþo, übtj`h c johpcbhibc josthonjh. ^j rchbjzhrmo jkuhb thrch phrh bh prcosh csnrjth, cb lcfc gc rcghnnjþo scrè cb conhrkhgm gc bh scbcnnjþo. Qhrh bms nm`cothrjms y mpjojmocs, tms phrè`ctrms smo `unem `ès ràkjgms. Om pucgco rcihshr bms nrjtcrjms y bjonh`jcotms j`pucstms pmr cb gjrcntmrjm hb gjrcntmr. Co jofmr`hnjmocs u mpjojmocs rcbhnjmohghs nmo tc`hs trhsncogcothbcs nm`m smo bms pmbàtjnms, cnmoþ`jnms y smnjhbcs, bh bàoch fjlhgh pmr bms prmpjcthrjmss cs jo`mgjfjnhibc y, phrh uo rcghntmr, johpcbhibc. prmpjcthrjm Bms rcghntmrcs gc mtrhs scnnjmocs, nm`m bhs gcpmrtjvhs, eàpjnhs, bmnhbcs lugjnjhbcs m pmbjnjhbcs, om sjc`prc sjc`prc pucgco kmzhr gc bh bjicrthg gc rcbhthr bm quc vjcrmo. Wmgm gcpcogc gc bh rcbhnjþo quc csths hntjvjghgcs tcokho nmo bms prmpjcthrjms gc bms `cgjms. Bms pcrjmgjsths gcpmrtjvmsgc Wcbcvjshþc  @êxjnm, pmrghruo nhsm, gjfànjb`cotc pmgrèo scr milctjvms c j`phrnjhbcs, tcojcogm co nucoth quc csh pmgcrmsh nhgcoh gc tcbcvjsjþo cs prmpjcthrjh gc gms csthgjms y gc nuhtrm cqujpms gc fütimb. ^mo frcnucotcs bms prmibc`hs gc bms rcghntmrcs pmbjnjhbcs nuhogm cb prmthkmojsth gc hbküo gcbjtm tjcoc vjonubhnjþo fh`jbjhr, cnmoþ`jnh m gc h`jsthg, nmo hbküo hnnjmojsth gc bh c`prcsh. Qmr csm, kcocrhb`cotc, bms quc nm`ctco krhogcs gcbjtms cnmoþ`jnms co hkrhvjm gcb Csthgm, cstèo co bms `cgjms gc nm`uojnhnjþo `ès ncrnh gc bhs pèkjohs smnjhbcs quc gc bhs pmbjnjhbcs.   ' @unems j`hkjoho quc cstms prmncgj`jcotms nmrrcspmogco üojnh`cotc h bms `cgjms gc nm`uojnhnjþo bhtjomh`crjnhoms y gc phàscs co vàhs gc gcshrrmbbm. Om tm`ho co nucoth quc bh `hymràh gc cstms `cgjms om sþbm jrrljè.j sjom quc nhsj tmgms smo nmpjh, co `comr csnhbh, gc bh cstrunturh c`prcshrjhb omrtch`crjnhoh, bh quc nhbnho jkuhb`cotc co cstjbm pcrjmgàstjnm, tjpmkrèfjnm y gc nmotcojgms. Qmr csm nrcco quc co Csthgms Sojgms gc Omrtch`êrjnhh -nuoh y ihbuhrtc gc bh bjicrthg gc cxprcsjþo gcsgc ehnc gmsnjcotms høms- sà Omrtch`êrjn sc rcspcth y `hotjcoc jo`hnubhgm cb prjonjpjm. Cs nmrrjcotc csnunehr, co nuhbqujcr nmovcrshnjþo smirc cb tc`h, quc surlh nm`m gcfjojtjvm cb clc`pbm gc [htcr- khtc.  ^mstjcoco quc sþbm co Csthgms Sojgms cs pmsjibc quc gms pcrjmgjsths -Nhrj Icrostcjo y Imi [mmgwhrg- sc euijcrho cofrcothgm hb prcsjgcotc gc csc phàs, Yjnehrg @. Ojxmo, ehsth mibjkhrbm h rcouonjhr. lCsm cs bjicrthg gc prcosh! Bm quc om shico csms jokcoums cs quc tmgm cb csnèoghbm fuc pmsjibc om pmr bh gcnjsjþo gc bms gms fh`msms shiucsms, sjom gc bh

 

scømrh Dhtecrjoc Krheh`, prmpjcthrjh y cgjtmrh gcb [hsejoktmo Qmst. ^þbm cbbh crh gucøh gc bh bjicrthg gc puibjnhr m om puibjnhr. Co cb [hsejoktmo Qmst   tcoàh bh bbhvc gc bms trucoms h pcshr gc cxjstjr uo gjrcntmr, Icolh`ào K. Irhgbcc quc, nm`m tmgms bms gjrcntmrcs quc om smo prmpjcthrjms, nhsj ouonh tjcoco bh übtj`h phbhirh. ^u gcnjsjþo fhvmrhibc h bh puibjnhnjþo fuc rcsubthgm gc jotcrcscs pmbàtjnms `uy nmonrctms, gcijgm h sus vjonubhnjmocs nmo cb bàgcr gc`þnrhth Kcmrkc @nKmvcro y hb prmncsm cbcntmrhb co cb nuhb bms rcpuibjnhoms pcrsckuàho bh rccbcnnjþo gc Ojxmo y quc bh mituvjcrmo h pcshr quc cb csnèoghbm yh sc ehiàh jojnjhgm. Bh `clmr gc`mstrhnjþo gc quc cb nhsm [htcrkhtc om gcpcogjþ gc bms pcrjmgjsths Icrostcjo y [mmgwhrg -jogcpcogjcotc`cotc gcb cxncbcotc trhihlm prmfcsjmohb quc gcshrrmbbhrmo- sjom gc bh prmpjcthrjh gcb `cgjm co cb quc trhihlhiho, cs quc cb fh`msm prc`jm Qubjtzcr nmrrcspmogjcotc h 8:;> om bcs fuc mtmrkhgm h cbbms, sjom h bh prmpjcthrjh. Bh scømrh Krheh` rcnjijþ bh `cghbbh Qubjtzcr hb ^crvjnjm Qüibjnm @crjtmrjm. Bh scømrh Krheh` cs ejlh gc Cukcojm @cycr, qujco co 8:>> nm`prþ cb [hsejoktmo Qmst. Gcspuês gc hbkuoms høms csc pcrjþgjnm phsþ h prmpjcghg gc Qejbbjps Krheh`, nmo qujco bh scømrjth @cycr nmotrhlm `htrj`mojm. scømr sujnjghrsc. Krheh` fuc^uhgc`ès gc gucøm, cgjtmr, Dhtecrjoc ehsth uo gàh gc omvjc`irc gc J:6> qucCbgcnjgjþ vjugh, hgc`ès gc bh c`prcsh, ecrcgþ cb nhrkm gc cgjtmrh. Hgc`ès gc bh c`prcsh y cb nhrkm, ecrcgþ th`ijêo, nm`m usufruntuhrjh üojnh, bh bjicrthg gc prcosh co csc `cgjm jofmr`htjvm. Gurhotc cb csnèoghbm [htcrkhtc,  bh ecrcgcrh gc bh bjicrthg gc prcosh, rcnjijþ prcsjmocs gc bàgcrcs gcb kmijcrom y gcb Qhrtjgm Ycpuibjnhom phrh sjbconjhr bh nh`phøh. Ecory Djssjokcr bc gjlm< ½Cs quc ustcg om nrcc quc khohrc`ms bh rccbcnnjþo= Cb kcocrhb Hbcxhogcr Ehjk, Lcfc gc bh Nhsh @jbjthr gc bh Nhsh Ibhonh, bc pjgjþ co om`irc gc bh ohnjþo quc gctuvjcrh bhs puibjnhnjmocs. Qcrm csthih gcnjgjgm. Ehiàh hsu`jgm nm`prm`jsm nmo cb gc`þnrhth @nKmvcro8. Bhs prcsjmocs rcpuibjnhohs smirc bh scømrh Krheh` gc`ucstrho quc smo bms prmpjcthrjms bms quc gcnjgco quê y nþ`m sc puibjnh m quê sc sjbconjh. Bh bjicrthg gc prcosh cs phrh cbbms y gc cbbms. Gc`ucstrh th`ijêo bh jotcrvconjþo gcb pmgcr pmbàtjnm phrh nmrthr nh`phøhs. Co csh mpmrtuojghg bms gc`þnrhths pugjcrmo `ès, huoquc pcrgjcrmo bhs cbcnnjmocs.

 

Cb nhsm Jrhokhtc gcijþ scr uo csnèoghbm `hyüsnubm. Cb prcsjgcotc Ychkho csthih gjrcnth`cotc nm`prm`ctjgm co nmotrhihogm gc hr`hs. Qcrm bms jotcrcscs pmbàtjnms fucrmo gjfcrcotcs h bms gc 8:;9. Ychkho tcr`johih su sckuogm `hoghtm sjo pmsjijbjghgcs gc rccbcnnjþo. Qmr csm om sþbm sc `joj`jzþ bm quc gcijþ scr uo iubbjnjm sj`jbhr hb gc [htcrkhtc, sjom quc sc jojnjþ uoh krmscrh tcrkjvcrshnjþo gc bms ecnems. Bms `cgjms tcr`johrmo gcsjofmr`hogm hb pucibm omrtch`crjnhom. ^j co bhs `homs gc bh vjugh-prmpjcthrjh-cgjtmrh gc uo gjhrjm csthih cb mnubth`jcotm gc uo suncsm gcbjonuconjhb co cb `ès hbtm ojvcb, cs gc j`hkjohr cb pmgcr quc pmscc cb njughghom Khooctt, gucøm gc :8 pcrjþgjnms gjhrjms co bms Csthgms Sojgms, uom gc cbbms, cb S^H WMGHZ quc njrnubh sj`ubtèoch`cotc co bms übtj`ms rjonmocs gcb phàs. Xuc tjcoc, hgc`ès, >3 sc`hohrjms, 83 pmtcotcs c`jsmrhs gc rhgjm, 81 nhohbcs gc tcbcvjsjþo nmo rcpctjgmrhs, hkconjhs gc puibjnjghg y gc `crnhgm- tênojh, vhrjhs prmguntmrhs gc prmkrh`hs gc tcbcvjsjþo, fèirjnhs gc phpcb pcrjþgjnm, cb prèntjnm hnhphrh`jcotm gc uo shtêbjtc gc nm`uojnhnjmocs4 scrvjnjms gc prcosh phrh 9:7 puibjnhnjmocs gjhrjhs y quc, ihlm bh rhzþo smnjhb Khooctt, cstè cxtcogjcogm su j`pcrjm gc `cgjms gc nm`uojnhnjþo h mtrms nmotjocotcs. @jstcr Khooctt tjcoc `jb vcncs `ès bjicrthg gc prcosh quc bh vjugh Krheh`. Z tmghvàh cxjstco mtrms `ès pmgcrmsms quc Khooctt. Qmr clc`pbm Yupcrt @urgmne, nmo jotcrcscs co `cgjms gc nm`uojnhnjþo co nuhtrm n uhtrm nmotjocotcs. Cb `mompmbjm cs bh hotàpmgh gc bh bjicrthg. Bhs bcycs gc bh mfcrth y bh gc`hogh co uoh smnjcghg gc `crnhgm, nucstjmohghs pmr bh rchbjghg gcb hntuhb sjstc`h jogustrjhb, sc nmovjcrtco co uoh irm`h gc `hb kustm hotc bh prcsconjh gc `mompmbjms y mbjkmpmbjms. Om ehy bjicrthg gc c`prcsh oj gc prcosh nmo trusts y nhrtcbcs. Co bh fhnubthg m`ojpmtcotc gcb nmotrmb y `hoclm gc bhs nm`uojnhnjmocs pmr cstms pubpms c`prcshrjhbcs nmosjstc bh bjicrthg gc prcosh nmo bh nuhb Csthgms Sojgms sc nmosjgcrh bàgcr cspjrjtuhb gcb `uogm. Nmo rcspcntm hb mbjkmpmbjm gc nmokbm`crhgms `ubtj-`cgjms, cs ocncshrjm ehncr uoh shbvcghg smirc cb gjhrjm [hsejoktmo Qmst  Cstc  Cstc pcrjþgjnm, hsà nm`m cb Ocw Zmrd Wj`cs y uoms pmnms `ès, nmrrcspmogco hb vjclm hoecbm omrtch`crjnhom gc bh bjicrthg gc prcosh, co gcbjicrhgh nmofusjþo nmo bjicrthg gc c`prcsh. H pcshr gc nmostjtujr nhgh uom gc cbbms sþbjghs c`prcshs, nmo utjbjghgcs sc`clhotcs m 

 

`hymrcs quc hbkuohs nm`phøàhs pctrmbcrhs m sjgcrürkjnhs, pucgco prmnbh`hrsc jogcpcogjcotcs, pmrquc om eho sjgm hismrijghs oj jotckrhghs h ojokuoh nhgcoh u mbjkmpmbjm gc bh nm`uojnhnjþo. Cb Ocw Zmrd Wj`cs  cs gc pmr sà uo nmbmsm nmo jotcrcscs bunrhtjvms pcrjfêrjnms, nmo pcrjþgjnms co vhrjhs njughgcs, c`jsmrhs rhgjhbcs y tcbcvjsmrhs, cotrc csths übtj`hs bh Quibjn Irmhgnhstjok ^crvjnc y uoh ncotrhb jofmr`ètjnh m ihonm gc ghtms, cb O. Z.W. Jofmr`htjmo Ihod. H`ims gjhrjms smo tcstjkms gc bh phubhtjoh gcshphrjnjþo gc ncotcohrcs gc puibjnhnjmocs quc yh fucrmo conhgcohghs. Ehsth ehnc pmnm `ès gc gms gênhghs, om ehiàh ojokuoh njughg j`pmrthotc gc Csthgms Sojgms co bh quc om njrnubhrh pmr bm `coms uo pcrjþgjnm jogcpcogjcotc. Co bh hntuhbjghg, smo pmnhs bhs puibjnhnjmocs quc tmghvàh sc rcsjstco h scr gcvmrhghs pmr krupms trhosohnjmohbcs.

Bh bjicrthg gc prcosh cs uoh `crnhonàh cxqujsjth y nhrh, hb hbnhonc gc `uy pmnms imbsjbbms y prmpmrnjmohb hb vhbmr gc bh jovcrsjþo. Cs cb prjvjbckjm gc bms pmtcothgms. H `ès jovcrsjþo, `ès bjicrthg gc prcosh. Om cs jkuhb bh bjicrthg gcb quc fjohonjh uo sc`hohrjm nmo bh gcb quc nmostjtuyc uoh c`prcsh y fuogh uo gjhrjm m uoh nhgcoh gc gjhrjms m gc nhohbcs gc tcbcvjsjþo. Z `coms nmo bh gc uoh trhosohnjmohb quc jotckrh nhgcohs gc gjhrjms, rcvjsths, hkconjhs gc puibjnjghg, csthnjmocs gc rhgjm y gc tcbcvjsjþo y nmostjtuyc uo mbjkmpmbjm. Co cb `mgcbm gc tcbcvjsjþo gc bjirc c`prcsh omrtch`crjnhoh -j`jthgm hb pjc gc bh bctrh pmr >8 phàscs, cotrc cbbms 86 gc H`êrjnh Bhtjoh-bh rhgjm y bh tcbcvjsjþo smo gc prmpjcghg prjvhgh y suisjstco cxnbusjvh`cotc pmr bh puibjnjghg. ^jo hvjsms om sc smstcogràho uo `joutm co cb hjrc. Cxjstco bms `cgjms mfjnjhbcs, nmo fjohonjh`jcotm csththb y bh nmbhimrhnjþo gc fuoghnjmocs, gcgjnhgms kcocrhb`cotc h prmkrh`hs cgunhtjvms, pcrm su `hymr prmkrh`hnjþo cs pucsth hb scrvjnjm gcb kmijcrom. Nhrcnco gc krho sjotmoàh, om sþbm pmr su gcpcogconjh csththb, sjom pmrquc bms mycotcs y cspcnthgmrcs, pmr su ojvcb nubturhb y pmr uoh `hojpubhnjþo prcvjh y kcocrhbjzhgh, prcfjcrco cotrctcoj`jcotms gc vjmbconjh, scxm y shokrc hotcs quc bms ‒hiurrjgms‐ prmkrh`hs nubturhbcs. Bh rckbh gc trcs cs sj`pbc< rhgjm y tcbcvjsjþo vjvco co fuonjþo gc bh puibjnjghg. Csth, h su vcz, gcpcogc gc bhs krhogcs c`prcshs. Cb `hymr pmrncothlc gc puibjnjghg nmrrcspmogc h trhosohnjmohbcs. ^jctc

78

 

gc bhs gjcz `ès krhogcs c`prcshs puibjnjthrjhs gcb `uogm smo omrtch`crjnhohs. Co bhs trcs rcsthotcs pmscco j`pmrthotc phrtjnjphnjþo. Gc bhs gjcz, bhs trcs `hymrcs smo bhs omrtch`crjnhohs [hbtcr Wem`psmo, @c Nhoo Cràndsmoy Zmuok Yuijnh` Jon.,  bhs nuhbcs tjcoco nm`m nbjcotcbh hsckurhgh h bhs `ès pmgcrmshs fjr`hs gc gjnem phàs. Bms houonjhgmrcs qujcrco, hgc`ès, ‒prmkrh`hs nmosco/hgmrcs, sjo nm`pbcljghgcs, quc om mibjkuco h pcoshr,cspucs cotjcogco quc cbbmm pcrturih bh gjspmsjnjþo h nm`prhr. Cb milctjvm gc bms prmkrh`hs vcogcr bms prmguntms p rmguntms scrvjnjms houonjhgms y ohgh gcic jotcrfcrjr co bh trhos`jsjþo gcb `coshlc nmosu`jsth"9. Cb csquc`h cs cbc`cothb, pcrm nmrrcspmogc h uoh rchbjghg jomnubthibc c jogjsnutjibc. ^j bhs c`prcshs trhosohnjmohbcs clcrnco uoh fêrrch gjnthgurh h trhvês gc sus hkconjhs gc puibjnjghg y gc `hrdctjok smirc bh rhgjm y bh tcbcvjsjþo, sus gucøms om pucgco ehibhr nmo prmpjcghg gc bjicrthg gc prcosh. Bm quc sc prmkrh`h co bh tcbcvjsjþo om cs sjc`prc bm quc bms prmpjcthrjms prcfjcrco, sjom bm quc eh cbckjgm cb houonjhgmr. Bh bjicrthg gc prcosh co bms `cgjms hugjmvjsuhbcs, co übtj`h josthonjh, cs cb gcrcnem gcb quc phkh. Wcþrjnh`cotc cs pmsjibc uoh nm`uojnhnjþo quc sc jgcotjfjquc nmo bms jotcrcscs gc bhs `hymràhs pmpubhrcs, quc sc nmovjcrth co vmncrm y cxprcsjþo gc sus prmibc`hs, rcjvjogjnhnjmocs, hspjrhnjmocs y cspcrhozhs m, pmr cb nmotrhrjm quc sc jgcotjfjquc nmo krupms gc pmgcr fjohonjcrm, jogustrjhb, nm`crnjhb m hkrhrjm. Cb prj`cr nhsm sþbm scràh pmsjibc co bh prcosh csnrjth, co uo pcrjþgjnm quc hbnhonc tho hbth njrnubhnjþo quc bc pcr`jth hutmfjohonjhr- sc nmo bh vcoth. Qcrm cs hismbuth`cotc j`pmsjibc quc co uoh smnjcghg gc `crnhgm pucgh smircvjvjr uoh c`jsmrh gc rhgjm m gc tcbcvjsjþo hbtcrohtjvh quc mptc pmr bms jotcrcscs `hymrjthrjms gc bh pmibhnjþo quc co cb Wcrncr @uogm nmrrcspmogc h bh gcfcosh gc bms `ès pmircs. Nmosnjcotcs quc oucstrms pucibms smo gcbjicrhgh`cotc gcsjofmr`hgms y `hojpubhgms h trhvês gc bhs hkconjhs trhosohnjmohbcs gc omtjnjhs, nmo bh nm`pbhnconjh y nm`pbjnjghg gc bms `cgjms bmnhbcs, eh sjgm prcmnuphnjþo gc `unems pcrjmgjsths bhozhrsc h bh hvcoturh gc cgjthr puibjnhnjmocs gc nuhbqujcr pcrjmgjnjghg -huoquc sch ijhouhb- pcrm jogcpcogjcotcs gc bms pmgcrcs gcb gjocrm y gcb Csthgm. Cstms jotcotms gc prcosh hbtcrohtjvh gjfànjb`cotc pucgco suisjstjr. Qcrm hüo co cb nhsm gc prmspcrhr, uo pcrjþgjnm hbtcrohtjvm cqujvhbgrè h uoh irjzoh gc ycrih co bh prhgcrh m h uoh kmth gc hkuh co cb `hr. Nhsj co

 

ojokuoh phrtc eho tcojgm êxjtm. Cb sjbconjmsm imjnmt cnmoþ`jnm bms shnh `uy prmotm gc bh njrnubhnjþo. Jonbusm bh prcosh phrtjghrjh rcsubth `hrkjohb, pmrquc bh nm`pctconjh nmo bms krhogcs jotcrcscs trhosohnjmohbcs quc sc `ucvco gctrès gc bms `cgjms prjvhgms bmnhbcs, ehnc bh ihthbbh `unem `ès gcsprmpmrnjmohgh quc bh iàibjnh gc Ghvjg y Kmbjht. Co H`êrjnh Bhtjoh, pmr clc`pbm, sc eho jotcothgm vhrjms prmycntms gc prcosh gjhrjh hbtcrohtjvh. Co cb Qcrü, `unems pcrjmgjsths quc hotcs om gjfcrconjhiho cb gcic gcb ehicr gc bms bjirms gc nmothijbjghg, hprcogjcrmo h prcphrhr prcsupucstms, fbulms gc nhlh, h fh`jbjhrjzhrsc nmo bhs nhrths gc nrêgjtm -phrh cbbms prcvjm gcpþsjtm gc su cqujvhbcotc co `mocgh nmothotc y smohotc-y co bms jotcr`johibcs trè`jtcs phrh bh j`pmrthnjþo. Hprcogjcrmo, co su`h, h kcrconjhr c`prcshs cgjtmrjhbcs, nmsh ohgh sconjbbh gcotrm gc bh jzqujcrgh bhtjomh`crjnhoh, tho hiuoghotc co pmcths pcrm tho csnhsh co kcrcotcs. Som gc bms `ès rcnjcotcs fuc cb gjhrjm Bh Kmzquc sc puibjnþ cotrc cb 85 gc hkmstm gc 8:56 y cb 89 gc sctjc`irc gc 8:55. Co csms gms høms bmkrþ hbnhozhr cb puotm gc cqujbjirjm quc bc pcr`jtjþ jkuhbhr ckrcsms nmo jokrcsms. Nmotrhrjhogm bhs rcncths gcb ockmnjm cgjtmrjhb, sc gjm cb bulm gc om tcocr scnnjþo oj rcghntmr pmbjnjhb, co uo csfucrzm gc hjrchr c ejkjcojzhr cb pcrjmgjs`m. Co sus gms høms gc vjgh, om nmosjkujþ oj uo ncothvm gc fjohonjhnjþo ihonhrjh. Ouonh, oj pmr cxncpnjþo phrh rcnjijþ hvjsm hbkuom gc hkconjhs puibjnjghg oj fjkurþ lh`ès co bms nmofjr`hr rhtjoks< cobh uorckbh, jofmr`c gc bh rcvjsth smirc cnmom`àh 8/9gc gc Nh`ijm  hphrcnjþ nm`m ‒mtrms‐. Co bh rcbhnjþo gc gjhrjms fjkurhrmo, nmo sus rcspcntjvms om`ircs, ehsth nmo cb 9 pmr njcotm y buckm cb ‒mtrms‐, nmo cb 87 pmr njcotm. Qcrm rcsubth quc cb üojnm ‒mtrms‐ crh cb gjhrjm Bh Vmz,  pmrquc yh om ehiàh ojokuom `ès. Bh gcvhbuhnjþo

süijth y trhu`ètjnh gc bh `mocgh co `ès gc 8 311 pmr njcotm ejzm j`pmsjibc su nmotjoujghg. Co mnem `cscs cb gþbhr phrhlh j`pmrthnjþo gc phpcb sc cbcvþ gc 86 jotjs h 9 511. ^c puibjnþ gcb 85 gc hkmstm gc 8:56 hb 89 gc sctjc`irc gc J:55. So pcrjþgjnm hbtcrohtjvm, cs nm`m uoh pcqucøh vcothoh quc sc hirc phrh bh vjsjþo nmphgh gc bms bcntmrcs pmr bms `cgjms trhosohnjmohbcs. Mfrcnc uoh vcrsjþo gjfcrcotc, pucstm quc sc mnuph `ès gc bms prmncsms quc gc bms hnmotcnj`jcotms. Ym`pc gc hbkuoh `hocrh bh csthoghrjzhnjþo gc bh mpjojþo püibjnh. ^c nmovjcrtc cotmoncs co coc`jkm, gj`joutm pcrm coc`jkm hb fjo, gc bh nmbmojzhnjþo. Ymr csm,

7>

 

sjc`prc sc bc j`pcgjrè ohncr y suisjstjr. Qmr bm `coms, pmr bhs cxpcrjconjhs vjvjghs, sc nmosjgcrh uoh prmczh bh prcosh hbtcrohtjvh, pcrm j`pmsjibc bh hugjmvjsuhb.

Cxjstc uoh vcrghg qucybhbmsnmomnco -y `uy bms prmpjcthrjms gc ^mirc bms `cgjms, bms pcrjmgjsths, bms cstugjmsms pmbàtjnms, pcrm ijcoquc hphrcotho jkomrhr. tmgm bms pmbàtjnms kuhrgho uo sjbconjm scpubnrhb nuhogm sc bcs pbhotch bh prmibc`ètjnh gc bhs nm`uojnhnjmocs. ^c vucbvco njckms y om qujcrco vcr uoh vcrghg jonmo`mvjibc< bms òbbglps gc nm`uojnhnjþo cstèo suimrgjohgms hb gjocrm m hb pmgcr, m h h`ims. Yhgàm y tcbcvjsjþo sc hsfjxjhràho co sckuogms sjo cb mxàkcom gc bh puibjnjghg. ^c cxncptüho gc csth rckbh, bms `cgjms gc jofmr`hnjþo hugjmvjsuhbcs gc hbkuoms phàscs gc Curmph mnnjgcothb, gc Hsjh, Hfrjnh y H`êrjh Bhtjoh quc om eho nmpjhgm bh cstrunturh gc prmpjcghg gc bms `cgjms gc Csthgms Sojgms. ½Xuê phshràh sj bms pcrjþgjnms sc fjohonjhrho nm`m bm ehnco bhs rhgjms y bhs csthnjmocs gc tcbcvjsjþo= Co bh rhgjm y co bh WV, quc sjkuco cb phtrþo omrtch`crjnhom, bms prcsupucstms sc nuirco üojnh y cxnbusjvh`cotc nmo jokrcsms pmr puibjnjghg. Bms huspjnjhgmrcs smo bms quc gcfjoco bm quc tcoc`ms quc vcr y csnunehr. Kcocrhb`cotc bm `ès vubkhr gcb cotrctcoj`jcotm. ^j csc nrjtcrjm sc hpbjnhrh h bms gjhrjms y rcvjsths, cs gcnjr, sj sc bms fjohonjhrh cxnbusjvh`cotc nmo hvjsms, cstms gcicràho scr cotrckhgms krhtujth`cotc h bms bcntmrcs. Gcsgc buckm quc om sc puibjnhràh oj uoh bàoch quc om sch gcb kustm gcb houonjhgmr y `unem `coms bm quc gjrcnth m jogjrcnth`cotc hfcntc h sus jotcrcscs. Cstm, quc nm`m sj`pbc ejpþtcsjs nmostjtuyc uo hisurgm nmo rcspcntm h bh bjicrthg gc cxprcsjþo, trhtèogms trhtèogmscc gc bh tcbcvjsjþo y gc bh rhgjm, phrcnc ohturhb y omr`hb. Co cb nhsm gc bh prcosh csnrjth sjkojfjnhràh su tmthb prmstjtunjþo, pcrm co bh tcbcvjsjþo sc vc nmo ohturhbjghg, nm`m uo prmncgj`jcotm gcncotc, jomilcthibc, sj`pbc`cotc pmrquc csth`ms hnmstu`irhgms h hncpthr y vcr bhs nmshs nm`m smo. Qmr csm pmnms sc eho gcgjnhgm h pcoshr co cstc tc`h y smo tmghvàh `coms bms quc eho pbhotchgm hbtcrohtjvhs gc smbunjþo. Hbkuoms c`prcshrjms gc bh prcosh csnrjth eho vjstm uoh iucoh vcth bunrhtjvh co bh fjohonjhnjþo tmthb gc sus puibjnhnjmocs pmr `cgjm gc bh prmphkhogh. Bm quc phrcnàh sþbm ejpþtcsjs gc trhihlm, sc cstè ehnjcogm rchb. Bm quc sc nmosjgcrhih prmstjtunjþo gc bh prcosh csnrjth

 

cstè rcnjijcogm nhrth gc njughghoàh. Co hbkuoms csthgms gc Omrtch`êrjnh, smirc tmgm co njughgcs pcqucøhs, eho c`pczhgm h njrnubhr gjhrjms krhtujtms, nmomnjgms nmo cb om`irc gc semppcrs.  Nm`cozhrmo puibjnhogm omths gc nubturh kcocrhb, cotrctcoj`jcotm y `jsncbèochs, pcrm yh gcrjvhrmo h bh jofmr`hnjþo y hb nm`cothrjm. Co Frhonjh sc eh nmpjhgm cb `mgcbm y cb pcbjkrm cs quc pucgh kcocrhbjzhrsc. Bh c`prcsh NM@HYCK (Nm`phkojc pmur bcs @hrneês Yckjmohux), pmr `conjmohr h uoh gc bhs nuhtrm nm`phøàhs cxjstcotcs, gjstrjiuyc krhtujth`cotc 889 tàtubms nmo uo tjrhlc supcrjmr h bms 89 `jbbmocs gc clc`pbhrcs. Bms pcrjþgjnms bmnhbcs, co bhs njughgcs gmogc sc rckhbho gjhrjms y rcvjsths eho scotjgm cb j`phntm y sus pmsjijbjghgcs gc nm`pctjr smo oubhs. Bm `ès prmihibc cs quc pmr cb j`pcrjm gcb gjocrm gc bh prm`mnjþo jogustrjhb pjcrgho su bjicrthg gc cxjstjr. Bh tcogconjh, nm`m cs fènjb hgvcrtjr, cs bh gcshphrjnjþo gc pcrjþgjnms bmnhbcs m rckjmohbcs, hbkuoms trhgjnjmohb`cotc jogcpcogjcotcs, pmr bh vmrhnjghg gc c`prcshs quc bhs nm`prho phrh jotckrhrbhs h sus nhgcohs.LBms quc sc rcsjstho, sunu`ijrèo pmr cb gu`pjok gcb pcrjþgjnm krhtujtm, àm quc'rcvêlh.bh hrtjflnjhbàghg gc bh bjiêrthnfgc prcosh, co bh quc sc nu`pbc bh bcy gcb `hr< cb pcz krhogc sc nm`c hb nejnm. Bh prcosh omrtch`crjnhoh, luotm nmo bh rhgjm y bh tcbcvjsjþo, eh sjgm yh gcvmrhgh pmr bms tjiurmocs gc bhs trhosohnjmohbcs gc.c`prcshs mprmpjcthrjhs ojubtj-`cgjms ojubtj-`cgjms. Cb `mgcbmjotckrhghs om gc`mrhrè gc`mrhrè co scr nmpjhgm nmpjhgm co cb Wcrncr @uogm. Bms pmbàtjnms quc hbnhozho h nm`prcogcr csth prmibc`ètjnh, sj`pbc`cotc sc vucbvco nþ`pbjncs nmo su `ugcz, pmrquc bh rhgjm y bh tcbcvjsjþo smo `cgjms tho pmgcrmsms quc ohgjc sc htrcvc h pmocrbms co cvjgconjh pmr tc`mr h uoh nh`phøh co su nmotrh m h su sjbconjh- `jcotm tmthb, quc cqujvhbc co `unems nhsms h bh `ucrtc nàvjnh gcb pmbàtjnm. Hotc cb `comr htjsim gc gcouonjh, sc uoco tmgms bms `cgjms, bms pcrjþgjnms gc bh ^mnjcghg Jotcrh`crjnhoh gc Qrcosh (^JQ),  bhs rhgjms gc bh ^mnjcghg Jotcrh`crjnhoh gc Yhgjm y Wcbcvjsjþo ( HJY)  y bh tmthbjghg gc nhohbcs gc tcbcvjsjþo, phrh rhskhrsc bhs vcstjgurhs co gcfcosh gc bh bjicrthg gc cxprcsjþo. Qmr csth rhzþo, bms prmpjcthrjms gc bms `cgjms gc nm`uojnhnjþo smo uo pmgcr cqujvhbcotc -y co mpmrtuojghgcs supcrjmr- hb gcb phrbh`cotm, frcotc hb nuhb hüo bms bàgcrcs gc bms phrtjgms prmkrcsjsths kuhrgho rcspctumsm sjbconjm. Cstc pmgcr nhsj m`oà`mgm, prèntjnh`cotc jogjsnutjgm, pcrsmojfjnhgm pmr cb gjrcntmr gcb `cgjm fuc nucstjmohgm nmo cb sjkujcotc

73

 

rhzmoh`jcotm >< cb gjrcntmr gc uo `cgjm gc nm`uojnhnjþo tjcoc uo pmgcr supcrjmr pmr bm `coms hb gc uo krupm phrbh`cothrjm. H bms gjputhgms y scohgmrcs bms cbjlc cb pucibm pmr uo pcràmgm gctcr`johgm y co `êrjtm h csc mrjkco pucgco ehibhr h om`irc gc bh njughghoàh. Qcrm, ½qujêo cbjlc hb gjrcntmr gc uo pcrjþgjnm m gc uo nhohb gc tcbcvjsjþo= ½Co vjrtug gc quê rcprcscothtjvjghg sc nmovjcrtc co vmncrm gc bh mpjojþo püibjnh y co bh hutmrjghg johpcbhibc quc gcnjgc quê gcic`ms màr m quê gcic`ms vcr m gc quê hnmotcnj`jcotms jofmr`hroms y gc nuèbcs mtrms om= Cb smnjþbmkm nejbcom Luho ^m`hvàh, `jc`irm gc bh Nm`jsjþo @hn Irjgc7, pbhotcþ bh ocncsjghg gc rchbjzhr gcihtcs ohnjmohbcs smirc bms `cgjms gc nm`uojnhnjþo phrh ehbbhr rcspucsth, cotrc mtrhs `unehs, h bhs sjkujcotcs nucstjmocs< ‒½Qmrquê -bms `cgjms gc nm`uojnhnjþo- smo nm`k smo= ½Xuê jotcrcscs cstèo gctrès gc bhs hntuhbcs cstrunturhs= ½Nühb cs su vcrghgcrh rcprcscothtjvjghg smnjhb= ½Co om`irc gc qujêo sc ehibh= ½Co fuonjþo gc quê jotcrcscs sc cstè gcshrrmbbhogm bh tcnombmkàh= ½Qmr quê hphrcnco m om hphrcnco gctcr`johghs tcnombmkàhs co cb `crnhgm= ^mo tmghs prckuoths hismbuth`cotc rcbcvhotcs hb `uogm jogustrjhbjzhgm y nuyhs rcspucsths smo urkcotcs phrh tmgms, pucs heà rhgjnh cb oünbcm gc pmgcr trhosohnjmohb quc sc jrrhgjh hb rcstm gcb `uogm‐3. Nm`m sc eh vjstm co cb nhsm gcb [hsejoktmo Qmst, cs omthibc bh fmr`h nm`m bms `cgjms gc nm`uojnhnjþo, jonbujgh bh bjicrthg gc prcosh, sc ecrcgho. Bms ejlms gc bms gucøms gc c`prcshs cgjtmrjhbcs om bbckho hb `uogm nmo cb gcscm gc tmgm phgrc, quc sus ejlms vcokho nmo uo pho ihlm cb irhzm. Co cb emkhr gc cstms prjvjbckjhgms bms ejlms prj`mkêojtms, nm`m co bhs `mohrquàhs, ohnco nmo cb om`irh`jcotm gc futurms gjrcntmrcs gc pcrjþgjnm ihlm cb irhzm. Bms Echrst, co Csthgms Sojgms, vho pmr bh nuhrth kcocrhnjþo. ^u nhpjthb hnnjmohrjm cs gc `jb qujojcotms `jbbmocs gc gþbhrcs. Mtrms krupms ecrcgcrms j`pmrthotcs smo< bh fh`jbjh Ocwemusc, prmpjcthrjh gc bh c`prcsh  Hg  Hgvh vhon oncc QuQu- ibjnh ibjnhtj tjmo moss ($ 9 911 `jbbmocs). Fh`jbjh Nmx, gc Nmx Nm`uojnhtjmos ($  ($ 8 :11 `jbbmocs). Fh`jbjh Fbjhs Ihonrmf y Nmx, gucøms gc Gmw Lmocs -cgjtmrcs gc [hbb ^trcct Lmurohb- nmo $8 311 `jbbmocs. Fh`jbjh Neho- gbcrs gc Lj  Lj`c `css-@j @jrr rrmr  mr  ($  ($ 8 911 `jbbmocs). Fh`jbjh Hoocoicrk gc bh c`prcsh Wrjhokbc -cgjtmrcs gc WV Kujgm- nmo $ 8 611 `jbbmocs. Fh`jbjhs Fbjhs Dojket y Yjggcr gc Dojket-Yjggcr  ($  ($ 8 311 `jbbmocs). ^uncsjþo ^nrjpps, gucøms gcb ^nrjpps-Emwhrg  ($  ($ 8 711 `jbbmocs)h.

 

Qhrh nm`prmihr csth rcpctjnjþo co H`êrjnh Bhtjoh cs sufjnjcotc vcr bms nfjrcntmràms gc bms gjhrjms bbh`hgms krhogcs, scoms c jogcpcogjcotcs sjo cxncpnjþo hfjbjhgms h bh ^JQ. Bh gcpcogconjh gc bms `cgjms rcspcntm gc bh jofmr`hnjþo su`jojstrhgh pmr fucotcs mfjnjhbcs, c`prcshs m ―cxpcrtms‚ hprmihgms pmr csths hkconjhs gc pmgcr4  7. Cb buckm hotjhêrcm‚ gjrjkjgm nmotrh bms quc rm`pco bh gjsnjpbjoh4  hotjnm`uojs/o om nm`m rcbjkjþo ohnjmohb‐.  3. Cb hotjnm`uojs/ Bms jovcstjkhgmrcs Nem`sdy y Ecr`èo hfjr`ho nmo rcspcntm h bh gcpcogconjh gc bh jofmr`hnjþo su`jojstrhgh su`jojstrhgh pmr fucotcs mfjnjhbcs y

 

•cxpcrtms" (tcrncr fjbtrm) bh j`pmsjijbjghg gc bms `cgjms gc nm`uojnh njþo phrh uijnhr

fmtþkrhfms m nh`hrþkrhfms y rcghntmrcs co tmgms tms bukhrcs gmogc pucgc mnurrjr hbkm quc sch omtjnjh. Csth nhrconjh joshbvhibc bh sustjtuyco covjhogm pcrsmohb h bms bukhrcs gmogc sc nmoncotrho bhs omtjnjhs. ^j smo pmbàtjnhs, h bh scgc gcb Qmgcr Clcnutjvm, hb Nmokrcsm, h bms `jojstcrjms m h bhs `uojnjphbjghgcs. Qhrh mtrm tjpm gc jofmr`hnjmocs, sc nucoth nmo mfjnjohs gc rcbhnjmocs püibjnhs thotm co bh hntjvjghg püibjnh nm`m prjvhgh. Bhs omtjnjhs mitcojghs gc cshs fucotcs smo hncpthghs pmr cb pcrjþgjnm, bh rhgjm m bh tcbcvjsjþo sjo nhrkm gc jovcothrjm, hb pjc gc bh bctrh y smo ‒gjfuogjghs sjo gjsnusjþo, nmo bm quc cotjcogco prcscrvhr su milctjvjghg‐. Bms `cgjms, gc csc `mgm, sc nmovjcrtco co

jotcr`cgjhrjms gc jofmr`hnjmocs quc kcocrhb`cotc smo `hojpubhgms nmo milctjvms prcnjsms m sj`pbc`cotc phrh `mstrhr iucoh j`hkco. Cb ‒fuckm hotjhêrcm‐ (nuhrtm fjbtrm) sc rcfjcrc h bhs prcsjmocs quc pmr phrtc gc

pcrsmohs m cotjghgcs jotcrcshghs, phrh bh gjvubkhnjþo m om gjfusjþo gc gctcr`johgms hntms u m`jsjmocs, rcnjico bms gjrcntmrcs gc bms `cgjms. Cb cstugjm rcvcbh bh cxjstconjh gc `cnhojs`ms jogjrcntms utjbjzhgms pmr bms pmgcrmsms phrh ehncr scotjr su jofbuconjh. Som gc cbbms cs ‒bh fjohonjhnjþo gc jostjtunjmocs thbcs nm`m H`crjnho Bckhb Fmuoghtjmo,

Nhpjthb Bckhb Fmuoghtjmo, @cgjh Jostjtutc, Ncotcr fmr @cgjh hog Quibjn Hffhjrs, Hnnurhny jo @cgjh y bh fh`msh Frccgm` Emusc, quc hohbjzho y nrjtjnho bh ―pcrfmr`honc‚ gc bms

`cgjms gcsgc pmsjnjmocs nmoscrvhgmrhs. ^u vcrghgcrh fuonjþo nmosjstc co mrqucsthr nh`phøhs gc hthquc nmotrh bms `cgjms quc om sjkuco uoh bàoch pmbàtjnh gc gcrcneh co pmbàtjnh jotcrjmr m cxtcrjmr". Cb Frccgm` Emusc cs uoh vjclh cotjghg gc gcrcneh vjonubhgh h bh NÀH, bh Yhgjm Curmph Bjirc y bh Bjkh Hotjnm`uojsth @uogjhb. Fjohb`cotc, cb qujotm fjbtrm m bh ‒rcbjkjþo ohnjmohb hotjnm`uojsth", cs cstrjnth`cotc jgcmbþkjnm gcstjohgm h quc bms `cgjms ‒nmotrjiuyho h `mvjbjzhr bh mpjojþo püibjnh nmotrh

cb nm`uojs`m, quc cs vjstm nm`m cb pcmr gc bms coc`jkms, cb j`pcrjm gcb `hb, scküo bh gcfjojnjþo gc Ychkho". Qhrh êsth y bhs gc`ès nmonbusjmocs, bms cstugjmsms omrtch`crjnhoms ehocsthgàstjnh rchbjzhgmj`prcsjmohot uo sckuj`jcotm rcnmpjbhgm uoh j`prcsjmohotc. c. gc vhrjms høms, nmo cqujpms gc trhihlm y Bh `hrkjohnjþo gc jo`cosms, `hymrjthrjms `hymrjthrjms scntmrcs gc bh smnjcghg gcb prmncsm gc bh nm`uojnhnjþo, shbvm cb gc rcncptmrcs phsjvms,

 

cs uoh vcrghg quc eh tcojgm quc scr hg`jtjgh pmr bms prmpjms gctcosmrcs gcb sjstc`h. Frcotc h bh cvjgconjh eho pbhotchgm gms tcmràhs< bh prj`crh, quc bh bjicrthg gc prcosh cstè hb hbnhonc gc tmgms y, bh sckuogh, quc emy cxjstc uo oucvm gcrcnem< cb gc cbckjr. Qhrh bh prj`crh, smstjcoco quc nuhbqujcrh pucgc hgqujrjr uo `cgjm gc nm`uojnhnjþo y quc su êxjtm m frhnhsm om gcpc ogc gc bms j ovcrsjmojsths sjom gcb püibjnm quc co übtj`h josthonjh cs cb krho lurhgm. ^jc`prc cxjstc h bh `hom, hgc`ès, bh ejstmrjh gcb em`irc quc sc ehnc smbm. Gcb c`prcshrjm m pcrjmgjsth quc om tjcoc gjocrm pcrm su gcnjsjþo gc bmkrhr su milctjvm cs `ès fucrtc quc sus nhrconjhs. Ehy quc iusnhr nm`m êb smnjms, m rcnurrjr hb ihonm quc pmscc bh bjicrthg gcb nrêgjtm y bm ehnc cfcntjvm sj bms clcnutjvms fjohonjcrms bm hpruciho. Gcsgc buckm quc cstm cs pmsjibc, pcrm nmo uoh nmogjnjþo< quc cb oucvm `cgjm hcrchrsc sc josnrjih gcotrm gcb sthtu qum, quc sc ehkh gcfcosmr gcb sjstc`h. Gc bm nmotrhrjm, om nmosckujrè smnjms, oj nrêgjtm y, sj h pcshr gc tmgm sc bhozh h bh c`prcsh, sunu`ijrè pmr cb imjnmt gc bh puibjnjghg. Cb mtrm krho lurhgm johpcbhibc -quc om bm `conjmoho- y pmr cb quc ehy quc phshr, cstè fmr`hgm pmr bhs hkconjhs gc puibjnjghg. Nm`m gcnàh uo eu`mrjsth< phrh bh bjicrthg gc prcosh tmgms sm`ms jkuhbcs4 pcrm ehy uoms `ès jkuhbcs quc mtrms. Hfjr`ho quc nuhbqujcrh pucgc hgqujrjr uo `cgjm gc nm`uojnhnjþo. ^u êxjtm m frhnhsm gjnco- om gcpcogc gcb gjocrm sjom gc su hnmkjgh püibjnh. Qhrh hbnhozhr tjrhlc m sjotmoàh tcogrè quc sulcthrsc h bh nm`pctconjh ihlm bhs rckbhs j`pucsths h uo nmosu`jgmr nuyms kustms y prcfcrconjhs eho sjgm prcvjh y prmfuogh`cotc gckrhghgms. ^cküo bms cstugjms gc `crnhgm cb püibjnm sc `ucstrh phrtjghrjm gc cspcntènubms m omtjnjhs gc vjmbconjh. Bhs pmbjnjhbcs smo sus prcgjbcnths. Nuhotm `ès shokrc, `clmr. Bh nmovcrsjþo gc bms `ès hvczhgms gcbjonucotcs co eêrmcs gh iucoms gjvjgcogms. Nm`pjtc co j`pmrthonjh cb scxm. Bhs fmtmkrhfàhs `ès josjouhotcs gc `ulcrcs gcsoughs gcico jr sj cs pmsjibc h gmibc pèkjoh y h tmgm nmbmr. Bms cstugjms gc `crnhgm rcnm`jcogho quc phrh bms püibjnms bhtjoms om ehy quc puibjnhr fmtmkrhfàhs gc ruijhs csbhvhs m shlmohs, oj rcprmgunjrbhs gc Qbhyimy,  sjom gcsvcstjr h bhs gc ‒tjpm ohnjmohb‐, hbkm kmrgjths, pmrquc phrh bh j`hkjohnjþo gcb bcntmr csths übtj`hs, pmr vjvjr co cb phàs, smo ‒hbnhozhibcs‐ c jokrcsho hb tcrrcom gc sus sucøms rchbjzhibcs. Co mtrhs phbhirhs, phrh nm`pctjr

ehy quc sulcthrsc h bh `clmr hpbjnhnjþo gc bh fþr`ubh gcb `hkohtc gc bh prcosh omrtch`crjnhohh [jbbjh` omrtch`crjnho

 

Yhogmbpe Echrst< shokrc, scxm, scotj`cothbjs`m y gcpmrtc. ‒^j bh omtjnjh om cs njcrth, quc cstê ijco jovcothgh‐. 

Co tcbcvjsjþo bhs cspcnjhbjghgcs smo sj`jbhrcs. Om ehy houonjhgmrcs phrh prmkrh`hs cgunhtjvms y nubturhbcs. Co Bj`h sc fuogþ, nm`m tcbcvjsjþo hbtcrohtjvh, uoh gc hnnjmohrjhgm gjfuogjgm. @ès gc njco `jb hnnjmojsths rchbjzhrmo su hsh`ibch kcocrhb co uo csthgjm gc fütimb. Cb prm`mtmr bms htrhlm nmo cb mfrcnj`jcotm gc uoh tcbcvjsjþo cgunhtjvh y nubturhb quc pugjcrho vcr sus ejlms. Euim `unem cotusjhs`m y co sus jojnjms bh csthnjþo fuc gjfcrcotc h bms gc`ès nhohbcs. Cb prm`mtmr nu`pbjþ nmo su phbhirh, pcrm h bms gms `cscs cstuvm prèntjnh`cotc co ihonhrrmth. Conhrkþ uoh conucsth cotrc sus smnjms y csthibcnjþ quc bh krho `hymràh gc cbbms -nm-prmpjcthrjms gcb nhohb- prcfcràho sckujr vjcogm bh ihsurh gc bh nm`pctconjh. Gcspuês gc nmofcshr püibjnh`cotc quc ‒om ehy houonjhgmrcs phrh bms prmkrh`hs gc nhbjghg‐, sc tuvm quc hghpthr hb sjstc`h. Wh`pmnm ehy houonjhgmrcs phrh bms

pcrjþgjnms quc milctco cb sjstc`h, pmrquc csm cqujvhbc h ‒ghr hr`hs hb coc`jkm‐.  Co nuhotm h bh bjicrthg gc cbckjr cxjstc uo nbjneê< ‒sj om tc kusth uo nhohb nè`ijhbm pmr

mtrm m sj tc gjskusth uo pcrjþgjnm om bm bchs, nm`prh nuhbqujcrh gc pmr bm `coms bh gmncoh quc sc conucotrh h tu gjspmsjnjþo co cb qujmsnm gc bh csqujoh. Cb pburhbjs`m gc bh gc`mnrhnjh mnnjgcothb y nrjstjhoh tc pcr`jtc csc gcrcnem< bh bjicrthg gc nh`ijhr y gc cbckjr‐. Bh oucvh nmoqujsth, fhnjbjthgh smirc tmgm pmr cb nmotrmb rc`mtm co bh tcbcvjsjþo,

phrcncràh rchb. Gcsgc uo `ucibc nmofmrthibc, pbènjgh`cotc scothgm, nmo uo trhkm co bh `hom m hpmyhgm smirc uoh tjijh rmgjbbh, sc pucgc clcrncr cb gcrcnem gc csnmkcr. Cstc gcrcnem h cbckjr, trhc h bh `c`mrjh bhs phbhirhs gcb nurh Bhrrjvh gcspuês gc nmoshkrhgh bh jogcpcogconjh gcb Qcrü, buckm gc bhs ihthbbhs gc Luoào y Hyhnunem. Co csconjh, bh jogcpcogconjh om ehiàh nh`ijhgm co ohgh bh sjtuhnjþo gc pmirczh gc bms ehijthotcs gc bh oucvh rcpüibjnh. Bhrrjvh gjlm hb rcspcntm< ‒Nuhogm gc Csphøh bhs trhihs, / co Hyhnunem rm`pj`ms, / mtrh nmsh om ejnj`ms / quc nh`ijhr `mnms pmr ihihs‐.  Co cfcntm, sjotmojzhr uo nhohb co vcz gc mtrm co bh tcbcvjsjþo, cs nh`ijhr `mnms pmr ihihs. ^j tmghs bhs csthnjmocs cstèo em`mkcocj- zhghs, nm`phrtco bh `js`h jgcmbmkàh, nu`pbco uo `js`m phpcb, gjfuogco jgêotjnms `coshlcs y cstèo phkhghs pmr bhs `js`hs c`prcshs, ½nühb cs bh gjfcrconjh= Whb vcz quc h gctcr`johgh emrh uom trhos

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`jth scxm, `jcotrhs mtrm gcstjbc shokrc y cb tcrncrm vjmbconjh m tcrrmr. M quc, `jcotrhs uo nhohb prm`mnjmoh Nmnh Nmbh, bms gc`ès bm cstêo ehnjcogm nmo Qcpsj m ^cvco Sp. Om ehy gjfcrconjh gc nmotcojgms cotrc bhs c`jsmrhs prjvhghs, shbvm co bhs cgunhtjvhs y nubturhbcs quc cb Csthgm smstjcoc. Bms prmpjcthrjms pucgco scr gjstjotms pcrm cstèo jgcotjfjnhgms co bh gcfcosh gc bms `js`ms jotcrcscs. Cstèo phkhgms pmr bms `js`ms h`ms. Cb gàh quc hbkuom gc cbbms sc hphrtc gc csh bàoch, tcogrè quc iusnhr uo nhoghgm phrh ncrrhr cb ockmnjm, pmrquc om rcnjijrè oj uo ncothvm gc bhs trhosohnjmohbcs oj gc bms c`prcshrjms ohtjvms h trhvês gc bhs hkconjhs gc puibjnjghg. Bms quc kmzho gcb prjvjbckjm gc bh bjicrthg gc prcosh smo nhgh vcz `coms. Bh phrtc hokmsth gcb c`iugm sc cstrcneh `ès nmofmr`c hvhozho bms oucvms gcsnuirj`jcotms tcnombþkjnms quc ehnco jogjspcoshibc krhogcs jovcrsjmocs y hu`cotms gc nhpjthb co bhs c`prcshs. Co Csthgms Sojgms yh sc prmgulm cb fcoþ`com. Bhs nhgcohs cstèo bjqujghogm y sc eho hprmpjhgm gc bh `hymràh gc bms `cgjms jogcpcogjcotcs. Bh bcy gc bh scbvh sc eh j`pucstm. ^þbm smircvjvco bms `ès hptms cnmoþ`jnh`cotc ehibhogm. Cb c`prcshrjm gc prmvjonjh, quc fuogþ m ecrcgþ uo `cgjm gc nm`uojnhnjþo hugjm vjsuhb gcshphrcncrè pmr nmosuonjþo co bh `cgjgh quc bhs scøhbcs gc bh nhpjthb bbckuco lx?r `jnrmmoghs. Qcrm nuhogm êsths bm ehkho pmr bh vàh shtêbjtc `mrjrèo vjmbcoth`cotc pmr jofhrtm. Cb `js`m gcstjom bcs cstè rcscrvhgm h bms prmpjcthrjms gc bms `cgjms gc jofmr`hnjþo y cotrctcoj`jcotm gc bhs nhpjthbcs y hüo gc bhs nhgcohs ohnjmohbcs co cb `m`cotm quc co nhgh emkhr sc pucgh nhpthr, sjo jotcr`cgjhnjþo hbkuoh, bhs scøhbcs gcb shtêbjtc m nuhogm sc kcocrhbjnc bh tcbcvjsjþo pmr nhibc m nmo scbcntmr gc sjotmoàh. Co bukhr gc sus cspcntènubms nmo csncomkrhfàhs nursjs y ihrhths, vcrèo bms fhstumsms prmkrh`hs gc Oucvh Zmrd, Bms Hokcbcs m ^ho Frhonjsnm4 jkuhb`cotc bhs jofmr`hnjmocs frcsnhs y ehsth sj`ubtèochs gc hbküo hnnjgcotc cspcnthnubhr y trèkjnm. Co vjvm y co gjrcntm, sjo jotcr`cgjhnjþo bmnhb oj gjfcrjgm quc bc ehkh pcrgcr su ojtjgcz y pcrfcnnjþo tênojnh. Co bh `hymràh gc phàscs bhtjomh`crjnhoms sc cstè josthbhogm bh tcbcvjsjþo pmr nhibc, hghpthgh phrh rcncptmrcs gc hbth rcsmbunjþo quc, nmo rcspcntm h bms hntuhbcs, scrèo nm`m bms gc nmbmr nm`phrhgms nmo bms gc ibhonm y ockrm. Xujcocs emy sjrvco h bh nmbmojzhnjþo co nhgh phàs gcb Wcrncr @uogm, nmo bh supcgjthnjþo gc sus `cgjms h bms jotcrcscs trhosohnjmohbcs, trhosohnjmohbcs, scrèo hihogmohgms pmr cb j`pcrjm nm`m cbc

 

`cotms gcsnhrthibcs. Emy `js`m su gcpcogconjh sc hkugjzh< ehibho gc bh jrrcstrjnth bjicrthg, pcrm om smo bjircs oj phrh gcfjojr bhs prmkrh`hnjmocs gc sus c`jsmrhs. Csc gcrcnem pcrtcocnc h bms houonjhgmrcs.

Cxjstco hbkuoms prmkrh`hs gcom`johgms gcom`johgms pcrjmgàstjnms om omtjnjmsms quc bc gho uo hjrc gc bjicrhbjghg h bms nhohbcs gc tcbcvjsjþo. Gho bh scoshnjþo quc sus nmoguntmrcs kmzhrho gc hutmom`àh y pugjcrho jovjthr h qujcocs bcs pbhznh. ^mo phocbcs jotckrhgms pmr pcrjmgjsths quc jotcrrmkho h pcrsmohbjghgcs gc bhs fjohozhs, gc bh jogustrjh, gc bh pmbàtjnh, bh njconjh, y gc mtrhs hntjvjghgcs, smirc tc`hs gc hntuhbjghg m phrh prm`mvcr gcihtcs. Co rchbjghg, cstms prmkrh`hs smo nm`m bh gc`mnrhnjh rcprcscothtjvh< üojnh`cotc hphrjconjh. Ehy ou`crmsms clc`pbms gc cstc kêocrm co nhsj tmgms bms phàscs quc phgcnco `ès quc gc ncosurh, gc hutmncosurh. ^us nmoguntmrcs m prmguntmrcs om pucgco jovjthr h bms quc fjkurho co jh bjsth ockrh m àogcx gc bhs c`prcshs, shbvm hbkuoh cxncpnjþo. ^c nmomnco nhsms gmogc cstms prmkrh`hs eho sjgm süijth`cotc nmrthgms co pbcoh trhos`jsjþo. Co cb Qcrü, cb prmkrh`h Vjsjþo, gjrjkjgm pmr cb pcrjmgjsth Nêshr Ejbgcirhogt, tcrnm co gcfcogcr su jogcpcogconjh, fuc jotcrru`pjgm y sustjtujgm nmo uoh scrjc eu`mràstjnh, co luojm gc 8:57, pmr uoh bbh`hgh gcb `jojstrm gcb Jotcrjmr gcb rêkj`co gc`mnrètjnm. Gms høms hotcs, mtrm prmkrh`h, Wcstj`mojm, nmogunjgm pmr cb `js`m pcrjmgjsth, trhos`jtjþ uo gmnu`cothb smirc bhs `hshnrcs kcomnjghs gc ^hirh y ^ehtjbh. Hb gàh sjkujcotc jotcrvjom jotcrvjom bh c`ihlhgh gc Jsrhcb co Bj`h. Cb gjpbm`ètjnm jsrhcbà Yhfhcb Ihrhnd h`cohzþ h bms prmpjcthrjms gcb nhohb nmo cb rctjrm gc bh puibjnjghg gc bhs c`prcshs gc sus nmoohnjmohbcs. Wrhtèogmsc gc Jsrhcb, bh h`cohzh om sc nmonrcthih h bh puibjnjghg bmnhb, sjom h bh trhosohnjmohb. Nmo uoh sj`pbc bbh`hgh tcbcfþojnh, cb scømr Ihrhnd hnhiþ nmo Wcstj`mojm y gjm uoh gc`mstrhnjþo prèntjnh y milctjvh gc bm quc sjkojfjnh bh bjicrthg gc prcosh co bh tcbcvjsjþo. Gc`mstrhgh bh fjnnjþo gc bh bjicrthg gc prcosh y hotc bh nhrconjh gc hrku`cotms, sus gcfcosmrcs tcr`joho nmo cb `js`m cstrjijbbm quc eho pmpubhrjzhgm smirc bh gc`mnrhnjh< bh gc`mnrhnjh cs j`pcrfcnth, pcrm om sc eh gcsnuijcrtm ohgh `clmr. Nmo bm nuhb sc pmoc fjo h bhs gjsnusjmocs y om sc hg`jtc bh `comr pmsjijbjghg gc trhthr gc gcsnuirjrbhs m jovcothrbhs. Bms `cgjms eho hgqujrjgm thb pmgcr -bc bbh`ho cb nuhrtm pmgcr gcb Csthgm-quc huo bms kmijcroms `ès sþbjgms y fucrtcs

 

tc`co cofrcothrsc y ehsth nmotrhgcnjrbms. ^mo prjvhtjsths y hotjcsth tjsths pmr cxncbconjh. Qcrm csm om bcs j`pjgc -hprmvcnehogm su pmgc hb quc smo su`jsms bh `hymràh gc pmbàtjnms- mitcocr vcothlhs y prjvl. bckjms gcb Csthgm. ^us josu`ms -nm`m phpcb, pcbànubhs, vjgcm nhsscttcsnhsscttcs- y ijcocs gc nhpjthb -jonbuycogm uojghgcs `þvjbcs- smo j`pmrthgms nmo bjicrhnjþo gc j`pucstms co nhsj tmgms bms phàscs gc H`êrjnh Bhtjoh, nm`m uoh gc`mstrhnjþo gc bms kmijcroms gc nmbhimrhr nmo cb `hotcoj`jcotm gc bh bjicrthg gc prcosh. Co vhrjms phàscs, bh gjstrjiunjþo gc puibjnhnjmocs gc bhs c`prcshs cgjtmrjhbcs prjvhghs kmzho gc thrjfhs pmsthbcs rcgunjghs. Qhrh csm cb Csthgm cs iucom, pcrm om phrh rckubhr su fuonjmoh`jcotm oj phrh ghr bcycs cbc`cothbcs nm`m cb gcrcnem h bh rcntjfjnhnjþo. Bh jogcpcogconjh gc bh c`prcsh prjvhgh nmo rcbhnjþo hb Csthgm y bh gcjfjnhnjþo gc bh smnjcghg gc `crnhgm, nmo sus bcycs th`ijêo shkrhghs gc bh mfcrth y bh gc`hogh, eho sjgm prmfuogh y scrjh`cotc nucstjmohghs pmr cb cnmom`jsth omrtch`crjnhom Lmeo Dcoocte Khbirhjte, co su bjirm Bms milctjvms gcb sjstc`h jogustrjhb. Khbirhjte gcsehnc csms gms `jtms gc bh c`prcsh prjvhgh nuhogm hfjr`h< ‒Bh gmntrjoh gcb sjstc`h jogustrjhb hncotüh cofètjnh`cotc su nhrèntcr jotràoscnm y fuonjmohb`cotc jogcpcogjcotc. Cs cb sjstc`hgc bh jogustrjh prjvhgh. ^c supmoc quc uo krho hijs`m bh scphrh gcb Csthgm. ^c hfjr`h, pmr clc`pbm, quc ohgh gcic jotcrfcrjr nmo bh mpcrhnjþo hutþom`h gcb `crnhgm, hb quc csthràh sm`ctjgh bh fjr`h. Bh rchbjghg cs quc sus prcnjms cstèo susthonjhb`cotc nmotrmbhgms pmr cbbh `js`h, y quc bm `js`m mnurrc co krho `cgjgh nmo bhs nhotjghgcs vcogjghs y nm`prhghs h csms prcnjms. Bms j`pcrhtjvms gc bh tcnombmkàh y gc bh utjbjzhnjþo gc bms nhpjthbcs om pcr`jtco h bh c`prcsh su suimrgjohnjþo hb `crnhgm. Bh c`prcsh `mgcroh, bclms gc csthr mrkèojnh`cotc scphrhgh gcb Csthgm, om pucgc cxjstjr `ès quc co àotj`h hsmnjhnjþo nmo êb‐. 

Cb pmgcr ohnc gc bh puibjnjghg Gc`mstrhr bh jocxjstconjh gc bh bjicrthg gc prcosh, om sjkojfjnh scr mpucstm h cbbh. Qmr cb   nmotrhrjm, ehy quc gcfcogcr bh bjicrthg gc  cxprcsjþo,  pc  pcrm rm om  nm`m uo prjvjbckjm, nm`m cb `mompmbjm gc pcqucøms 

 

krupms vjonubhgms h jotcrcscs cnmoþ`jnms, fjohonjcrms c jogustrjhbcs, sjom nm`m uo gcrcnem smnjhb, nm`m uo gcrcnem eu`hom fuogh`cothb, jkuhb quc cb gcrcnem h bh shbug, h bh cgunhnjþo, hb trhihlm "y nm`m uoh ocncsjghg nmbcntjvh gc nhgh smnjcghg, uo jostru`cotm gc cgunhnjþo, uo prc-rcqujsjtm phrh bh phrtjnjphnjþo pmbàtjnh, nm`m cb prjonjphb jostru`cotm h trhvês gcb nuhb sc cxprcsho, sc vjonubho m sc pcoctrho bhs nubturhs. Nm`m uoh vjkh `hcstrh quc gcfjoc cb pcrfjb gc nhgh smnjcghg" u. Qcrm cstc gcrcnem om pmgrè clcrncrsc `jcotrhs om sc gc`mnrhtjnco bhs nm`uojnhnjmocs. Cb jotcrrmkhotc cs< ½nþ`m gc`mnrhtjzhrbhs sj om sc pcr`jtc oj bh pmsjijbjghg gc gjsnutjrbhs= ^j sc kcocrhrho gcihtcs smirc bms prmibc`hs gc bh nm`uojnhnjþo smnjhb y êstms sc gjfuogjcrho h bh mpjojþo püibjnh, sckurh`cotc surkjràho pbhotch`jcotms joêgjtms. Gcsgc buckm quc cstm cs uoh quj`crh. Bms krupms quc nmotrmbho bms `cgjms cstèo jotcrcshgms co quc bms pucibms cstêo nmovconjgms quc bms sjstc`hs gc jofmr`hnjþo smo nm`m smo y quc om ehy pmsjijbjghg gc nh`ijhrbms. S bjicrthg gc prcosh co bh prèntjnh cs bh gjnthgurh gc bms houonjhgmrcs y gc bms prmpjcthrjms gc bms`cgjms gc jofmj`hnjþo. Gc`mnrhtjzhr bms `cgjms gc nm`uojnhnjþo sjkojfjnh fuogh`cothb`cotc gcsbjkhrbms gc su hntjvjghg nm`crnjhb y nh`ijhr cb sjstc`h gc prmpjcghg prjvhgh gc tms `js`ms, pcrm gc ojokuoh `hocrh gcrjvhrbms h bh prmpjcghg csththb, l-h bjicrthg gc prcosh tjcoc gms coc`jkms `mrthbcs< bh prmpjcghg prjvhrè y.àh prmpjcghg csththb gc bms `cgjms. Cstms, phrh scr rcbhfjvj`crjtc bjircs om gcicràho gcpcogcr gcb pmgcr gcb gjocrm oj gcb pmgcr gcbCsthgm. Ehy quc rcnmomncr, sjo c`ihrkm, quc uo kmijcrom `mgcrom gcic pmsccr uo hphrhtm gc nm`uojnhnjþo smnjhb gmogc sc joscrtco jofmr`hnjmocs y gjspmsjtjvms bckhbcs y co cb quc sc nm`pbc`cotc su hnnjþo mrjcothgmrh, cgunhtjvh y cxtrh-csnmbhr. Cb prmibc`h gc bh prmpjcghg sc prcscoth nm`m uoh gjnmtm`àh joshbvhibc -csththb m prjvhgh- nm`m sj om cxjstjcsc ojokuoh mpnjþo `ès. Hphrcotc`cotc om ehy shbjgh. ^uncgc bm `js`m quc hotcs gcb vjhlc gc Nmbþo h bm gcsnmomnjgm< bh tjcrrh crh jogjsnutjibc`cotc pbhoh. Cb tc`h cs, hgc`ès, thiü. Lh`ès sc fm`cothrè uo gcihtc. Cs nm`m cb `jstcrjm gc bh conh`hnjþo m gc bh trjojghg< prmibc`h gc fc y om gc rhzmoh`jcotm bþkjnm. Bms gcihtcs quc sc eho prmgunjgm hb rcspcntm rcnucrgho pmr su nbhogcstjojghg h bhs nhthnu`ihs gc bms prj`crms tjc`pms gcb nrjstjhojs`m, pmrquc eho sjgm sjbconjhgms nmo cs`crm y csnrupubmsjghg. Bhs nhthnu`ihs gcb gcihtc smirc nm`uojnhnjþo sm

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njhb y cb mrgco jotcrohnjmohb gc bh jofmr`hnjþo eho sjgm ohgh `coms quc co bh scgc gc bh SOC^NM co Qhràs, y gc cbbhs om sc eho cotcrhgm sjom sus phrtjnjphotcs. ½Zcb gcrcnem gc bms pucibms h bh jofmr`hnjþo nm`m fjkurh co bh gcnbhrhnjþo gc bms gcrcnems eu`homs= Qhrcnc quc eh sjgm supcgjthgm h bh bjicrthg gc prcosh gc bms c`prcshrjms. Cb rcqujsjtm phrh quc cxjsth uoh hprmxj`hnjþo hb jgchb gc bjicrthg gc cxprcsjþo cs quc bms `cgjms scho jogcpcogjcotcs y cqujgjsthotcs gcb pmgcr gcb gjocrm y gcb pmgcr gcb Csthgm. Oj prcosh, rhgjm y tcbcvjsjþo co `homs prjvhghs, oj co bhs gc bms kmicrohotcs gc turom. ^j bh nm`uojnhnjþo cs uo gcrcnem smnjhb gcb quc om gcico csthr `èrkjoh- "ghs àhs `hymràhs ohnjmohbcs nm`m co bh hntuhbjghg, cs jogjspcoshibc quc su clcrnjnjm om rcspmogh h fjocs gc bunrm4 quc om sch uo ockmnjm oj bh omtjnjh uoh `crnhonàh. Bh nm`uojnhnjþo gcic rchbjzhrsc co fuonjþo gc bhs ocncsjghgcs nmbcntjvhs gc jofmr`hnjþo, cgunhnjþo, nubturh y gcb nmomnj`jcotm gc sus prmpjhs rchbjghgcs y om co fuonjþo gc bh khohonjh gc bms c`prcshrjms. Gcic scr cxhnth`cotc uo scrvjnjm püibjnm y smnjhb. Bm hotcrjmr om sjkojfjnh quc nhgh phàs gcb Wcrncr @uogm sc hàsbc gcb rcstm, sc conbhustrc co su prmpjh rchbjghg y fm`cotc cb nehuvjojs`m y bh xcomfmijh. Vjvj`ms uo tjc`pm co cb quc bhs gjsthonjhs eho gcshphrcnjgm pmr bh `hkjh gc bhs tcnombmkàhs nþs`jnhs, co uo `uogm nhgh vcz `ès jotcrgcpcogjcotc. Z sjo c`ihrkm, oucstrm nmomnj`jcotm gcb `js`m cs vcrtjnhb y om emrjzmothb. Cotrc bms phàscs gcb Ec`jsfcrjm ^ur sm`ms gcsnmomnjgms `utums,pmjquc nm`m vcrc`ms gcspuês, bhs jofmr`hnjmocs jotcrohnjmohbcs cstèo mrjcothghs gcb Omrtc hb ^ur, sjkujcogm bms hotjkums nh`joms nmbmojhbcs. Om qucrc`ms nmomncr ürjnh`cotc bms hnmotcnj`jcotms gc bh `ctrþpmbj y gc bhs nhpjthbcs gc bms phàscs `ès jogustrjhbjzhgms. Xucrc`ms shicr bm quc mnurrc co oucstrm vcnjoghrjm, pcrm `ès quc gc bms hnmotcnj`jcotms, oms jotcrcsh .cotcrhroms gc sus prmncsms y quc cbbms sc cotcrco gc bms oucstrms. Hbnhozhr csth hspjrhnjþo sþbm scrè pmsjibc nuhogm bms `cgjms gc nm`uojnhnjþo scho co vcrghg gc`mnrètjnms. Co bh nmbu`oh ^jo Nmosbkohsquc gurhotc gms høms csnrjij`ms co cb gjhrjm Bh Vmz  sc  sc sukjrjþ co uoh mpmrtuojghg nþ`m gcicràh scr hg`jojstrhgh y gjrjkjgh uoh tcbcvjsjþo jogcpcogjcotc gcb gjocrm y gcb pmgcr. ^c prmpusm bh nrchnjþo gc uo cotc hutþom`m, nm`m uoh hsm< ghnjþo njvjb m pcrsmoh luràgjnh sjo fjocs gc bunrm, co nuym gjrcntmrjm cstuvjcrho rcprcscothghs bhs jostjtunjmocs vjonubhghs h bh cgunhnjþo.

 

bh nubturh, bh njconjh y bhs hrtcs. Gcicràho jotckrhrsc hb `js`m rcprcscothotcs gc bhs uojvcrsjghgcs y bh Jkbcsjh Nhtþbjnh, tcojcogm co nucoth bh fc `hymrjthrjh ncrnhoh hb :1 pmr njcotm gc bh pmibhnjþo pcruhoh, Cmfjb Qrcsupucstm Kcocrhb gc bh Ycpüibjnh gcicràh nmosjkohrsc uoh phrtjgh cspcnjhb h scr cotrckhgh h bh jostjtunjþo co rcfcrconjh, phrh bjicrhrbh gc bh tjrhoàh gc bh puibjnjghg. Bh rcspucsth gc bms `cgjms fuc vjmbcoth. Bh prmpucsth crh -nþ`m om- csthtjsth, tmthbjthrjh, nm`uojsth, gcstjohgh h pmocr bh tcbcvjsjþo pcruhoh hb scrvjnjm gc pmtconjhs cxtrholcrhs y gc hnucrgm nmo cbbhs, h sjbconjhr, csnbhvjzhr y pmocr cotrc rclhs h bh bjicrthg gc prcosh. Gcbjicrhgh`cotc om sc hnbhrþ co cb hrtànubm jojnjhb, quc bh jojnjhtjvh crh bh gcsnrjpnjþo gc bh cstrunturh gc bh rhgjm y tcbcvjsjþo curmpch y lhpmocsh vjkcotc co csc `m`cotm. ^c csthih prmpmojcogm om cb sjstc`h gc bms phàscs smnjhbjsths sjom bh bckjsbhnjþo gc rckà`cocs gc`mnrètjnms, mnnjgcothbcs y nrjstjhoms nm`m bh Ycpüibjnh Fcgcrhb Hbc`hoh, Frhonjh, Jthbjh, bms phàscs csnhogjohvms, m bms quc nmofmr`ho cb Icocbux. Bh krho jotcrrmkhotc cs cotmoncs< ½nþ`m nmonrcthr bh gc`mnrhtjzhnjþo= Co prj`cr bukhr, bbckhr h bh nmovjnnjþo quc om ehy `mgcbms üojnms, cxnbusjvms y uojvcrshbcs gc nm`uojnhnjþo, thb nm`m bm eh csthibcnjgm cofètjnh`cotc cb jofmr`c @hn Irjgc. Qmr clc`pbm, bh prmpjcghg prjvhgh gc bh tcbcvjsjþo, cs uoh `mghbjghg omrtch`crjnhoh, nmpjhgh pmr 86 phàscs bht¡omh`con]homst ..nm`m nm`m sc scøhbþ hotcrjmr`cotc,. Co cb L hpmo~ycø vhrjhs gc`mnrhnjhs mnnjgcothbcs gc Curmph cb sjstc`h cs gjfcrcotc. Om cstè ihlm cb nmotrmb gc bh prmpjcghg prjvhgh oj gcb Csthgm. Co Nejbc, gurhotc cb kmijcrom gc`þnrhthnrjstjhom bh tcbcvjsjþo fuc hsjkohgh h bhs uojvcrsjghgcs y om h bms `crnhgcrcs. Gc `hocrh quc bhs nmshs om smo nm`m smo. Om ehy `mgcbms josustjtujibcs. Øm cs njcrtm y nhrcnc gc fuogh`cothnjþo bh f rhsc hnuøhgh nm`m uo sbmkho pmr bms prmpjcthrjms gc bms `cgjms qujcocs smstjcoco quc bh csconjh gc bh bjicrthg gc prcosh gcsnhosh jogcschibc`cotc co bh (jicrthg gc c`prcsh, quc sjo bjirc c`prcsh om ehy prcosh bjirc m quc jèWjicrthg gc prcosh cs uo gcrcnem gjvjom, quc Gjms `js`m eh ghgm h bh pcrsmoh eu`hoh y quc ohgjc pucgc vubocrhr csms gcrcnems sjo nmrrcr tmgms bms rjcskms gcb shnrjbckjm. Cs fènjb hgvcrtjr quc sc trhth gc hfjr`hnjmocs quc ohgjc sc `mbcsth co gc`mstrhr. ^mo frhscs hnuøhghs h fucrzh gcb `hrtjbbcm joncshotc c jrrhnjmohb gc bh prmphkhogh. Bh

 

cxjstconjh hutþom`h gc bh rhgjm y tcbcvjsjþo gc bms phàscs csnhogà vms -nuyhs gc`mnrhnjhs smo `ès hvhozhghs quc bhs gc nuhbqj= phàs gcb Wcrncr @uogm- cs bh rcfuthnjþo h csths frhscs ecnehs quc o= qujohb`cotc bh rcpjtco pmibhnjmocs gc iucoh pcrm jokcouh y `hojpu bhghfc. Wh`pmnm cs njcrtm quc qujcocs iusnho bh gc`mnrhtjzhnjþo bms `cgjms gc nm`uojnhnjþo, qujcrho sjbconjhr h bms gcfcosmrcs gc |h  njvjbjzhnjþo mnnjgcothb y nrjstjhoh, phrh gcstrujr bms vhbmrcs phtrjþtjnms y nrjstjhoms. Bms prjvjbckjhgms, bms pmgcrmsms y bms `crnhgcrcs utjbjzho bh rcbjkjþo y cb phjrjmtjs`m, y sc hnucrgho gc Gjms sjc`prc quc vco pcbjkrhr sus cnmom`àhs. Bh rcspucsth, hb rcspcntm, bh eh ghgm bh Jkbcsjh Nhtþbjnh quc th`ijêo prmpukoh cb nh`ijm gc bhs cstrunturhsco bms sjstc`hs gc nm`uojnhnjþo j`pcrhotcs. H gjfcrconjh gc bhs c`prcshs cgjtmrjhbcs quc phrh j`prj`jr pcrjþgjnms, sc`hohrjms m bjirms om rcqujcrco ojokuoh hutmrjzhnjþo prcvjh, bms c`prcshrjms gc rhgjm y tcbcvjsjþo sà ocncsjtho bjnconjhs kuicroh`cothbcs. Om cs sufjnjcotc tcocr gjocrm y nm`prhr bms cqujpms y nmotrhthrprmfcsjmohbcsnm`mcocbnhsmgc bms j`prcsms. Bh tcbcvjsjþo om sþbm cs `hqujohrjh, bmnhb y trhihlhgmrcs. Qhrh fuonjmohr cs jogjspcoshibc uo csphnjm, uo nh`jom, uo nhohb co cb cspcntrm cbcntrm`hkoêtjnm quc om cs prmpjcghg prjvhgh, sjom phrtc jotckrhotc gc bh smicrhoàh gc bms Csthgms, uo ijco gc gm`jojm püibjnm quc sc pucgc usufruntuhr `cgjhotc uoh nmoncsjþo tc`pmrhb, pcrm lh`ès hgqujrjr su prmpjcghg. Bms Csthgms, quc nmo bckàtj`m gcrcnem eho cxtcogjgm sus frmotcrhs h sus `hrcs hgyhncotcs y h sus csphnjms hêrcms quc om pucgco scr smircvmbhgms sjo hutmrjzhnjþo prcvjh, tjcoco cxpcgjtm jkuhb gcrcnem phrh cxtcogcr su smicrhoàh smirc bms csphnjms gmogc njrnubho bhs moghs cbcntrþojnhs. Bh `hymràh gc phàscs clcrnco csc gcrcnem hb hutmrjzhr su utjbjzhnjþo phrh c`jsjmocs rhgjhbcs y tcbcvjsjvhs, pcrm cs jogjspcoshibc su cxpbjnjthnjþo cxpbjnjthnjþo co bms tcxtms nmostjtunjmohbcs phrh su rcnmomnj`jcotm uojvcrshb. Co cb @mvj`jcotm gc Qhàscs Om Hbjochgms sc eh pbhotchgm csth nucstjþo nm`m n m`m uoh cxjkconjh. ^j bh nm`uojnhnjþo cs uo gcrcnem smnjhb y bms `cgjms hugjmvjsuhbcs-rhgjm y tcbcvjsjþo- sc gjfuogco h trhvês gc uo csphnjm quc8_ gcb gm`jojm püibjnm gcotrm gc uo Csthgm smicrhom, bh prmpjmm_ prjvhgh gc csc csphnjm cs luràgjnh y þtjnh`cotc jonm`phtjibc- gcrcnems eu`homs y smnjhbcs -nm`m bh bjicrthg gc cxprcsjþo- pucgco scr milctms gc cohlcohnjþo ihlm ojoküo tàtubm oj `coms Q

 

gjocrm. Qmr csm cs johg`jsjibc quc bms jotcrcshgms pbhotcco, phrh `hotcocr cb trc`cogm pmgcr quc gjspmoco, uoh gjnmtm`àh< m csththb m prjvhgh. Om ehy `ès gjnco, hb `js`m tjc`pm quc nmogcoho bh prmpjcghg csththb, nmo bm nuhb qucgho nm`m bms üojnms hptms, pmrquc nuhogm sc ehibh gcb Csthgm bh kcotc bm hsmnjh gc jo`cgjhtm nmo kmijcrom. Csth nmofusjþo kcocrhbjzhgh, cs mtrh nmoscnuconjh gc bhs nh`phøhs tcrkjvcrshgmrhs y `hojpubhgmrhs gc bms gcfcosmrcs gc bh cnmom`àh bjicrhb. Co cb Wcrncr @uogm om sc tjcoco quc ehncr `unems csfucrzms gc j`hkjohnjþo phrh nh`ijhr bh hntuhb cstrunturh gc prmpjcghg gc bh rhgjm y gc bh tcbcvjsjþo. Ohgh tcoc`ms quc jovcothr. Om sc ocncsjth j`jthr h bhs nmrtjohs gc ejcrrm oj h bhs gc ih`iü. ^j`pbc`cotc, hghpthr h oucstrhs rchbjghgcs bhs bckjsbhnjmocs smirc bh `htcrjh gc phàscs gc`mnrètjnms, mnnjgcothbcs y nrjstjhoms nm`m bms csnhogjohvms m, sjo jrtho bclms, bh bckjsbhnjþo gc Nejbc smirc bh tcbcvjsjþo, hgmpthgh gurhotc cb rêkj`co gc`þnrhthnrjstjhom gc Cguhrgm Frcj, y `hotcojgh pmr cb kmijcrom smnjhbjsth prcsjgjgm pmr ^hbvhgmr Hbbcogc. Csms phàscs eho pcrnjijgm nmo `unem `hymr hotjnjphnjþo quc bms oucstrms -shbvm cb msnurhotjs`m gc Qjomnect- bms pcbjkrms gc bh trhosohnjmohbjzhnjþo gc bhs nm`uojnhnjmocs y bh h`cohzh quc êsth sjkojfjnh phrh sus nubturhs, trhgjnjmocs y smicrhoàhs, sckurms quc, nm`m gjlcrh uo prj`cr `jojstrm gc Kuyhoh, ‒uoh ohnjþo nuyms `cgjms gc nm`uojnhnjþo cstèo gm`j ohgms gcsgc cb cxtcrjmr om cs uoh ohnjþo‐. Eho nm`prcogjgm jkuhb`cotc quc bh rhgjm y bh tcbcvjsjþo om gcico scr üojnh`cotc

jostru`cotms gc cotrctcoj`jcotm, sjom, fuogh`cothb`cotc, gc gcshrrmbbm cgunhnjmohb, nubturhb, cnmoþ`jnm y smnjhb gc sus pucibms. ^u `hoc- lm y nmotrmb om pucgco nmofjhrsc h pcrsmohs ohturhbcs m luràgjnhs nuyhs üojnhs vjrtugcs nmosjstco co bh hnu`ubhnjþo gc rjquczh. Hsj`js`m, pmrquc cstèo nmonjcotcs quc cb csphnjm cbcntrþojnm cs gc gm`jojm ohnjmohb om prjvhtjzhibc. Qmr cshs nmosjgcrhnjmocs eho scothgm cb prjonjpjm quc bh rhgjm y bh tcbcvjsjþo smo prmpjcghg gc bh ohnjþo, pcrm su hg`jojstrhnjþo y gjrcnnjþo gcico csthr h nhrkm gc cotjghgcs hutþom`hs quc om gcpcogho gc bh c`prcsh prjvhgh oj gcb Csthgm. Cs pmsjibc quc cb nmotcojgm gcb pèrrhfm hotcrjmr, nmostjtuyh uoh rcvcbhnjþo phrh bh kcotc quc üojnh`cotc sc outrc gc bms `cgjms gc nm`uojnhnjþo prjvhgms, quc sjc`prc cvjtho su gjvubkhnjþo. ^j bh `hymràh gc bms phàscs gcb Wcrncr @uogm sc eho jospjrhgm co cb gc

 

rcnem nmostjtunjmohb frhonês, co cb gcrcnem pcohb jthbjhom, co cb cbcn. tmrhb gc bms phàscs csnhogjohvms, om sc cxpbjnh pmr quê rhzþo om sc pucgc ehncr bm `js`m nmo bckjsbhnjmocs hvhozhghs smirc rhgjm y tcbcvjsjþo.

^j bh bjicrthg gc prcosh cs bh nmbu`oh vcrtcirhb gc bh gc`mnrhnjh, qujcrc gcnjr quc bh gc`mnrhnjh phgcnc, pmr bm `coms, gc cspþogjbm sjs. Cs uoh gc`mnrhnjh lmrmihgh m nmrnmvhgh. Z co cfcntm bm cs. Wmgh bh phrtjnjphnjþo gcb pucibm co bhs gc`mnrhnjhs rcprcscothtjvhs sc nmonrcth h su prcsconjh co bhs èofmrhs nhgh nuhtrm, njonm m scjs homs. Bh pmibhnjþo nu`pbc nmo su gcicr nàvjnm, y om vucbvc h tcocr jokcrconjh ehsth bhs prþxj`hs cbcnnjmocs. Gcbckh su rcprcscothtjvjghg h bhs pcrsmohs quc cbjkjþ, y quc h phrtjr gc csc `m`cotm nhrcnco gc `hoghtm j`pcrhtjvm. Co nmoscnuconjh, om cstèo sm`ctjgms h ojoküo fucrm cxtrh phrbh`cothrjm y pucgco hsu`jr pmsjnjmocs nmotrhrjhs h bhs quc prm`ctjcrmo h sus cbcntmrcs. ^mo rcprcscothotcs quc rcnjico uo necquc co ibhonm gcb quc om rjogco nucothsLQrcnjsh`cotc co cstms prmncsms cbcntmrhbcs bms `cgjms gc nm`uojnhnjþo gc`ucstrho su pmgcràm. Soh csthnjþo gc tcbcvjsjþo pucgc tcocr `ès cfcntjvjghg quc uo phrtjgm pmbàtjnm y co bh `hymràh gc bms nhsms bm tjcoc. Bms pmbàtjnms sc suimrgjoho h csc pmgcr co om`irc gc bh gcfcosh gc bh bjicrthg gc cxprcsjþo. Cs bh cthph co bh nuhb bms `cgjms gc nm`uojnhnjþo, hb hpmyhr jogcfcntjibc`cotc bh pmbàtjnh nmoscrvhgmrh, `ucstrho `ès j`pügjnh`cotc su phrnjhb'´. *.g y ehnco `ès gcsnhrhgms sus `êtmgms gc gcfmr`hnjþo, gcsfjkurhnjþo y cokhøm.. Co sus jofmr`htjvms gcshphrcnco bms nhogjghtms quc prmpmoco nh`ijms cstrunturhbcs m quc om cstèo hbjochgms ihlm bhs ihogcrhs gc bh cnmom`àh bjicrhb. Bms `cgjms sc nmovjcrtco co vceànubms gc uoh `hojpubhnjþo `hsjvh y csnhoghbmsh h fhvmr gc sus nhogjghtms L]h nh`phøh cbcntmrhb sc nmovjcrtc co uoh fcrjh `ubtj`jbbmohrjh, nmo nhogjghtms prm`mvjgms y vcogjgms nm`m hrtànubms gc icbbczh, km`h gc `hsnhr m gctcrkcotcs4 `cgjhotc tênojnhs gc `crnhgcm y h trhvês gc conucsths gcbjicrh`cotc fhbschghs. Bms prmpjcthrjms gc bms `cgjms, hb `mompmbjzhr bh bjicrthg gc prcosh, sc nmovjcrtco co nhgh prmncsm cbcntmrhb co cbc`cotms gcnjsmom« co pmgcrmsms cbcntmrcs y co kuhrgjhocs cfcntjvms gcb `hotcoj`jco m gcà sjstc`h cnmoþ`jnm y smnjhb. ^u phrnjhbjghg y hrijtrhrjcghg smo h

 

omtmrjhs y hotjgc`mnrètjnhs, quc cb scnrcthrjm kcocrhb gc bhs Ohnjmocs TLrjghs. Lhvjcr Qêrcz gc Nucbbhr, gcnbhrþ gcsgc Hfrjnh, cb 91 gc lubjm gc 8:5:, quc "cs csconjhb phrh cb prmncsm gc cbcnnjmocs bjircs y bj`pjhs quc bh rhgjm y bh tcbcvjsjþo scho j`phrnjhbcs‐vGcsgc buckm quc phrh quc scho j`phrnjhbcs sus prmpjcthrjms om gcicràho jotckrhr m csthr bjkhgms h krupms cnmoþ`jnms gm`johotcs,Qhrhfrhschogm h @hm Wsc- tuok, sc pmgràh hfjr`hr quc co bhs gc`mnrhnjhs rcprcscothtjvhs, rcprcscothtjvhs, cb pmgcr ohnc gc bh puibjnjghg y bh puibjnjghg gcb gjocrm. Bhs imbshs `jbbmohrjhs quc rcnjico bms phrtjgms pmbàtjnms om smo hnnjmocs gc `cncohzkm, sjom jovcrsjmocs rcnupcrhibcs m, co tmgm nhsm, uo sckurm phrh `hotcocr jotmnhghs sus hntjvjghgcs bunrhtjvhs. Cstm quc co cthphs cbcntmrhbcs cs uo scnrctm h vmncs, sc nm`prmiþ co cb Qcrü pmr gcnbhrhnjmocs püibjnhs gc vhrjms prmpjcthrjms gc ihonms quc nmotrjiuycrmo nmo nuhotjmshs su`hs. Nuhogm cb prcsjgcotc Hbho Khrnàh covjþ uo prmycntm gc bcy hb Nmokrcsm phrh cxprmpjhr y csthtjzhr cb scntmr ihonhrjm, fjohonjcrm y gc sckurms, sc jojnjþ uoh nh`phøh htrmohgmrh gc bms `cgjms gc nm`uojnhnjþo quc ejnjcrmo nrccr h bh mpjojþo püibjnh quc bh ohnjmohbjzhnjþo gc csc scntmr nmostjtuàh uoh h`cohzh h bh bjicrthg gc prcosh. Qrcnjsh`cotc co ―gcfcosh gc bh bjicrthg gc cxprcsjþo h`cohzhgh‐, cb omvcbjsth @hrjm Vhrkhs Bbmsh conhiczþ bh gcfcosh gc bms ihonms y sc nmovjrtjþ co bàgcr pmbàtjnm. Co uo prmkrh`h gc tcbcvjsjþo, bms prmpjcthrjms gc gms ihonms, uom gc cbbms, cb `ès krhogc y hotjkum gcb phàs, hg`jtjcrmo quc ehiàho phrtjnjphgm co bh ‒imbsh‐ phrh bh nhogjghturh prcsjgconjhb. Fuc uoh

cspcnjc gc nmirhozh püibjnh. Om sc cxpbjnhiho nþ`m cb prcsjgcotc pmgàh scr tho jokrhtm gc mbvjghr cb gjocrm rcnjijgm nm`m nhogjghtm. Bh nh`phøh gc bms `cgjms fuc tho jotcosh quc cb kmijcrom tuvm quc rcpbckhrsc y ojoküo ihonm, fjohonjcrh oj nm`phøàh gc sckurms pugm scr cxprmpjhgm. ^j h csh ¡bj`jthgh jovcrsjþo phrh prmphkhogh sc bc høhgc cb pmgcr gc bms `cgjms gc nm`uojnhnjþo quc hntüho co cb `js`m nh`pm, bh gc`mnrhnjh sc nmovjcrtc co uoh nhrrcrh gmogc nm`pjtco htbcths nmo bjsjhgms. Krh`snj eh sjgm ncrtcrm, hb gcfjojr h bh gc`mnrhnjh nm`m bh gjnthgurh pcrfcnnjmohgh gc bh iurkucsàh. Jogjsnutjibc`cotc, Jogjsnutjibc`cotc, `jcotrhs bms `cgjms gc nm`uojnhnjþo bmnhbcs cstêo supcgjthgms h bh puibjnjghg nm`crnjhb y nmotrmbhgms pmr bms krupms gcy pmgcr-ohnjmohb y trhosohnjmohb-, bh gc`mnrhnjh y su nmbu`oh vcrtcirhb, scrèo uoh rcfjohgh cgubnmrhgh gjnthgurh smirc bhs `hymràhs pmpubhrcs.

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Gc`mnrhtjzhr bms `cgjms gc nm`uojnhnjþo Bh mpjojþo püibjnh gcb Wcrncr @uogm gcsnmomnc om sþbm bh rchjl zhnjþo gc bms gcihtcs smirc bhs cstrunturhs gc bh nm`uojnhnjþo y jh'k jonjhtjvhs co cstc nh`pm. Om sc j`hkjoh sjqujcrh bh cxjstconjh gc milcnjmocs. Qhrh bhs krhogcs `hymràhs, bhs jofmr`hnjmocs quc rcnjico smo nm`m bh bbuvjh< sc `mlho pcrm om sc prcmnupho gc jovcstjkhr pmr quê bbucvc. Hotc bh nhrconjh gc `cgjms hbtcrohtjvms, pmnms smo bms quc pucgco ehncrsc csnunehr. Co @êxjnm, pmr clc`pbm, gurhotc hbküo tjc`pm cb mijspm gc Nucrohvhnh, @moscømr @êogcz Hrncm, hotcs gc jojnjhr bh `jsh mfrcnàh uo jofmr`htjvm h sus fcbjkrcscs. ^c ghih cb trhihlm gc csnunehr csthnjmocs jotcrohnjmohbcs phrh cotcrhrsc gc bms hnmotcnj`jcotms gcsgc mtrh þptjnh c jofmr`hr bm quc csthih suncgjcogm, pmr clc`pbm, gurhotc bh kucrrh co Vjct Oh`. Cb shncrgmtc @êogcz Hrncm jojnjþ gcsgc su rüstjnm y vhnàm tc`pbm, sjo `ès gcnmrhgms quc uo nrunjfjlm-êb `js`m vcstàh tü ojnh ibhonh gc tcbh nmrrjcotc y uoh bhrkh rh`h gc èrimb co bh `hom- su kucrrh phrtjnubhr h bms `cgjms gc nm`uojnhnjþo, prjonjphb`cotc nmotrh bh tcbcvjsjþo. Hnm`phøhiho bh bjturkjh nmoluotms gc `üsjnh tàpjnh y êb cxpbjnhih quc nmo ‒gjcz

høms `ès gc tcbcvjsjþo prjvhgh cb pucibm mbvjghràh csth `üsjnh quc gcic ecrcghroms nm`m omsmtrms bh ec`ms rcnjijgm gc oucstrms `hymrcs". Bh rhgjm y bh tcbcvjsjþo om sc qucghrmo nhbbhgms. Jojnjhrmo gurms hthqucs nmotrh cb mijspm< gcsgc ehncrbm hphrcncr nm`m nejfbhgm ehsth nhbjfjnhrbm gc nm`uojsth y gc csthr shthojzhogm bh ^hoth @jsh. Qcrm @êogcz Hrncm rcspmogàh gcsgc cb pübpjtm ehsth quc bm luijbhrmo. Csc gàh co Nucrohvhnh sc sjbconjþ sjbconjþ uoh vmz hbtcrohtjvh. Bh prcmnuphnjþo smirc bms pcbjkrms gcb `mompmbjm gc bms `cgjms gc nm`uojnhnjþo, gcb usufruntm gc bh bjicrthg gc prcosh, gc bh puibjnjghg y gc bh `hojpubhnjþo jofmr`htjvh co bms `cgjms prjvhgms om fuc, sjo c`ihrkm, uoh prcmnuphnjþo hjsbhgh gc uo shncrgmtc, sjom gc bh prmpjh Jkbcsjh Nhtþbjnh y gc vhrjhs mtrhs jostjtunjmocs rcbjkjmshs nm`m bh Hsmnjhnjþo @uogjhb gc bh Nm`uojnhnjþo Nrjstjhoh ([mrbg Hss  Hssmm- njhtjmo fmr Neràstjho Nm`uojnhtjmo ([HNN).  Bhs rcnm`coghnjmocs gc bh Gcnbhrhnjþo gc C`iü86, nmotcojghs co cb gmnu`cotm Jkbcsjh y Oucvm Mrgco @uogjhb gc bh Nm`uojnhnjþo, smo csnbhrcncgmrhs y cstèo gjrjkjghs, co prj`cr bukhr h bms nhtþbjnms phrh quc tm`co nmonjconjh gc uoh sjtuhnjþo krhvc pcrm quc trhosnurrc kcocrhb`cotc gcshpcrnjijgh. Bch`ms hbkuohs gc cshs rcnm`coghnjmocs<

 

•^cosjijbjzhr h bh smnjcghg njvjb smirc bms milctjvms gc uo oucvm mrgco cnmoþ`jnm, gc

nm`uojnhnjþo c jofmr`hnjþo co bms pbhoms jotcrohnjmohbcs, nmotjocothbcs y bmnhbcs, gcic scr uoh thrch phrh bh nuhb bh Jkbcsjh utjbjzhrè tmgh su jofbuconjh... cs jogjspcoshibc quc bh Jkbcsjh hüoc csfucrzms nmo mtrhs Jkbcsjhs, y nmo bh gc`ès mrkhojzhnjmocs gc bh smnjcghg njvjb y phrtjnjpc co bh fmr`ubhnjþo gc pmbàtjnhs nubturhbcs co nhgh phàs y hntüc nm`m fucrzh gc prcsjþo phrh nmoqujsthr bh gc`mnrhtjzhnjþo gc bh prmgunnjþo, gjstrjiunjþo y nmosu`m gc bms `cgjms nubturhbcs. ‒Cxh`johr prmfuogh`cotc bh nucstjþo gc bhs bbh`hghs pmbàtjnhs ohnjmohbcs gc

nm`uojnhnjþo nmo vjsths h quc bh Jkbcsjh prmpmokh hbtcrohtjvhs phrh bh gc`mnrhtjzhnjþo gc bms sjstc`hs gc nm`uojnhnjþo y gc bhs oucvhs tcnombmkàhs. Cstm sjkojfjnh bunehr pmr uoh gjstrjiunjþo `ès lusth gc bh prmpjcghg gc bms `cgjms, pmr bh rupturh gcb `mompmbjm gcb Csthgm y gc bms krupms cnmoþ`jnms y pmr fhnjbjthr cb hnncsm gc bhs jostjtunjmocs nm`uojthrjhs... Hbcrthr smirc bh ocncsjghg gc quc bms sjstc`hs gc nm`uojnhnjþo sc pmokho hb scrvjnjm gcb gcshrrmbbm jotckrhb, gc`mnrètjnm y hutmsmstcojgm gc nhgh nm`uojghg... Bh Jkbcsjh gcic j`pubshr bh scosjijbjghg gc bh nmonjconjh smnjhb frcotc h csths mpnjmocs, phrh cvjthr quc cbbhs sjkho sjcogm gctcr`johghs pmr bms jotcrcscs gc bhs êbjtcs gm`johotcs y bhs nmrpmrhnjmocs trhsohnjmohb trhsohnjmohbcs. cs. ‒Nmotrjiujr h bh gcfcosh gc bh jgcotjghg nubturhb bhtjomh`crjnhoh frcotc h bh nrcnjcotc

jovhsjþo nubturhb trhosohnjmohb, prmpjnjhogm phrh cbbm quc bms `cgjms sc hirho h cxprcsjmocs nubturhbcs cogþkcohs co cb hrtc, bh `üsjnh, bhs omtjnjhs, cb tchtrm pmpubhr y mtrhs `hojfcsthnjmocs. .. Cstj`ubhr hb Qucibm gc Gjms h quc gcsnuirh bms nmotcojgms hbjcohotcs y `hsjfjnhgmrcs, scnubhr`cotc ¡otrmycnthgms co sus vhbmrcs nubturhbcs, jojnjhogm oucvms prmncsms gc nm`prcosjþo gcb `uogm y gc bhs rcbhnjmocs smnjhbcs‐.  Qmr übtj`m, co cb gmnu`cotm sc rcnm`jcogh h bms pcrjmgjsths -prmfcsjmohbcs gc bh nm`uojnhnjþo- ‒nm`phrtjr bhs cxpcrjconjhs gc nm`uojnhnjþo bjicrhgmrh, nmbhimrhogm h bh fmr`hnjþo gc nm`uojnhgm- rcs pmpubhrcs y rcjovjogjnhr cb gcrcnem h phrtjnjphr co bh cbhimrhnjþo gc pmbàtjnhs cgjtmrjhbcs gc bms `cgjms y co bhnmkcstjþo gc bms `js`ms‐. 

Co bms scntmrcs `ès bünjgms gc bh jotcbcntuhbjghg y co jostjtunjmocs tho rcspcthibcs nm`m bhs jkbcsjhs nrjstjhohs, cxjstc nmoscosm co bh

 

.ocncsjghg gc gc`mnrhtjzhr bh cstrunturh gc bms `cgjms gc nm`uojnh njþo, cspcnjhb`cotc bh tcbcvjsjþo y bh rhgjm. Om cs pucs jojnjhtjvh ihogcrh gc bms "coc`jkms gc bh gc`mnrhnjh" oj gc "hkcotcs quc qujcrco cotrckhr cb phàs h pmtconjhs cxtrholcrhs". Om ehy jkbcsjh hbkuoh quc rcnmomznh nm`m gcrcnem gjvjom bh prmpjcghg prjvhgh gc `cgjms gc jofmr`hnjþo. Hsà nm`m om cxjstco `mgcbms uojvcrshbcs gc nm`uojnhnjþo, om ehy `mgcbms üojnms phrh gc`mnrhtjzhrbms, pcrm sà bh ncrtczh quc nuhbqujcr smbunjþo phsh pmr hbtcrhr bh prmpjcghg gc bms `js`ms y rcstrjokjr grèstjnh`cotc bh puibjnjghg, ehnjcogm j`pmsjibc quc su vjkconjh sch gctcr`johotc co bms `cgjms j`prcsms y oubh co bms hugjmvjsuhbcs. Bhs prmpucsths gc smbunjþo pmr `cgjms hbtcrohtjvms, gclhogm jothnth bh prmpjcghg mbjkmpþbjnh gc bms cxjstcotcs y su gcpcogconjh cx- "nàòsjvh gê bh puibjnjghg y gc bhs trhosohnjmohbcs smo csnhpcs y nmoncsjmocs. Om ehy nmrrcspmogconjh cotrc bms gjhkoþstjnms ecnems pmr bms cspcnjhbjsths, nmo bhs rcncths quc rcnm`jcogho. ^j bm quc gcsnuirjcrmo cs uo nèoncr quc ehnc `ctèsthsjs co cb nucrpm smnjhb, quc nhush ctomnjgjms -om mtrh nmsh cs bh bjqujghnjþo gc nubturhs ohnjmohbcs- quc `mgjfjnh bhs nmogunths eu`hohs, gcspcrsmohbjzh h bms pucibms y gcsohnjmohbjzh h bms phàscs, om sc pucgc hnmosclhr nm`m `cgjnjoh bhs pcqucøhs hspjrjohs gc bh nm`uojnhnjþo hbtcrohtjvh. Cqujvhbc h pmspmocr bh smbunjþo ehsth bh nmosu`hnjþo gc bms sjkbms. Gc mtrm bhgm, bh nm`uojnhnjþo cs uo cbc`cotm gc bh supcrcstrunturh gc bh smnjcghg. Qmr bm thotm, sj sc `hotjcoc jothnth bh cstrunturh, tmgh `mgjfjnhnjþo co bms nm`pmocotcs gc bh supcrcstrunturh scrè trhosjtmrjh. Wh`ijêo sc pmgràho prmpmocr nh`ijms co bh cstrunturh gc bms `cgjms gc nm`uojnhnjþo `cgjhotc prmycntms gc bcy co cb Nmokrcsm. ^hbvm nmogjnjmocs cxncpnjmohbcs, om phshràho gc scr iucohs jotconjmocs pmrquc ojoküo nh`ijm sc pucgc jotcothr cbugjcogm h bh fucrzh gc`mbcgmrh gc bh prmphkhogh nmoscrvhgmrh. Oj sjqujcrh bhs `ès cbc`cothbcs `mgjfjnhnjmocs bckhbcs quc bhs rmnco bjkcrh`cotc. Qhrh mpmocrsc h cbbhs sc eh hnuøhgm mtrm cstcrcmtjpm< ‒bh `clmr bcy smirc LàjLjicrthg gc prcosh cs bh quc om cxjstc". Co vhrjms phàscs gc

H`êrjnh Bhtjoh, phrh ghr uo clc`pbm, sc eh jotcothgm prmejijr bh puibjnjghg gc njkhrrjbbms, bjnmrcs y `cgjnjohs co bms `cgjms gc nm`uojnhnjþo. Bh rhzþo cs mivjh< ojoküo phgrc qujcrc quc h sus ejlms sc bms joguznh hb

 

thihqujs`m oj hb hbnmembjs`m. @coms smo bms quc vco bms pcbjkrms gc bh hutm`cgjnhnjþo. ^jo c`ihrkm, csths gjspmsjnjmocs om sc eho ghgm m sj`pbc`cotc om sc nu`pb nu`pbco. co. Co cb Qcrü, cb Nmokrcsm hprmiþ uo pr prmycntm mycntm gc bcy rcfcrjgm cxnbusjvh`cotc h bh prmejijnjþo gc prm`mvcr cb nmosu`m gc njkhrrjbbms. Oj cb Qmgcr Clcnutjvm, oj cb Bckjsbhtjvm prm`ubkhrmo ouonh bh bcy y nmo bh cotusjhsth nmbhimrhnjþo gc bms `cgjms, bh jojnjhtjvhehsth phsþbhhbgcfcosh mbvjgm. Cbbm cb pmgcr gc bms `cgjms quc j`pjgco, pmr sus nmovcojconjhs, gc bhgc`ucstrh shbug püibjnh. Mtrh bctrh `ucrth smo bhs bckjsbhnjmocs quc rckubho bh puibjnjghg, co uo prctcogjgm jotcotm gc cvjthr cb hiusm hb püibjnm. Qcbànubhs gc uoh emrh gc gurhnjþo, gc`mrho `ès gcb gmibc pmr bh nhotjghg gc hvjsms quc jotcrnhbho co su gjfusjþo. Ehy c`jsmrhs quc bbckho hb cxtrc`m gc jotcrru`pjr cvcotms gcpmrtjvms phrh phshr spmts puibjnjthrjms. Cxjstco gjspmsjtjvms quc omr`ho bh êtjnh gc bh puibjnjghg y ehsth bms quc gctcr`joho cb pmrncothlc gc prmgunnjþo ohnjmohb co bhs prmkrh`hnjmocs. Qcrm co ojokuoh phrtc sc nu`pbco csths rckbh`cothnjmocs. Ohgjc sc htrcvc nmo bms jotmnhibcs. Co cb Qcrü, pmr clc`pbm, bh puibjnjghg cstè -tcþrjnh`cotc- bj`jthgh h uo `èxj`m gc 89 `joutms pmr emrh gc trhos`jsjþo. Qhrcnc quc bms prmkrh`hgmrcs om sc euijcrho tm`hgm oj cb trhihlm gc bccrbms. Mtrms `hoghtms bckhbcs sc rcfjcrco h bh om utjbjzhnjþo gc bms sà`imbms ohnjmohbcs, nm`m cb Ej`om y bh Ihogcrh, gcnbhrhgms nm`m thbcs co bh Nmostjtunjþo. ^jo c`ihrkm, prcnjsh`cotc nmo cb fmogm gc bh ihogcrh y bms hnmrgcs gcb Ej`om Ohnjmohb, bh ^mnjcghg gc Jogustrjhs rchbjzhih prmphkhogh co gcfcosh gc bh bjirc c`prcsh. Misêrvcsc hbkm quc phsh gcshpcrnjijgh`cotc co bh gc`mnrhnjh rcprcscothtjvh. Bhs nh`phøhs gc gcsprcstjkjm nmotrh cb Qmgcr Clcnutjvm smo frcnucotcs, pcrm om thotm nm`m bms quc sc gjrjkco hb Qmgcr Bckjsbhtjvm. Cb Qhrbh`cotm eh gclhgm gc scr fucotc j`pmrthotc gc jofmr`hnjþo pmr bh pêrgjgh gc jotcrês gcb püibjnm, shbvm nuhogm sc prmgunco jonjgcotcs cxtrh phrbh`cothrjms nm`m gcshfàms y pukjbhtms, pmrquc bms `cgjms gc nm`uojnhnjþo kcocrhb`cotc sjbconjho h bms phrbh`cothrjms prmkrcsjsths. Bhs nrþojnhs phrbh`cothrjhs smo uojbhtcrhbcs y phrnjhbjzhghs. Csth suilctjvjghg jofmr`htjvh, sc gcic h quc cà Bckjsbhtjvm cs cb üojnm pmgcr hb quc hnncgco, nm`m `jomràh, bms pmbàtjnms quc gcfjcogco jotcrcscs pmpubhrcs. Cstms gms pmgcrcs gcb Csthgm smo ibhonm fènjb gc nràtjnhs y hthqucs. Bms `cgjms prcfjcrco scr rcspctumsms h`jkms gcb Qmgcr

 

Lugjnjhb. Co nh`ijm cb nuhrtm pmgcr, cs gcnjr cb quc `mompmbjzh bh bjicrthg gc prcosh, cs jotmnhgm. Bms pmbàtjnms sc bbcvho, `mgjfjnhogm bh phbhirh jkbcsjh pmr prcosh, gc bh frhsc gcb Xujlmtc< ¡Nujghgm ^honem, quc tmph`ms nmo bh Jkbcsjh. Cb nuhrtm pmgcr, gcspuês scrè cb tcrncrm, pmrquc nm`m j`phrhibc hpbhohgmrh quc cs, nmo bh jotcrvconjþo gc bhs nmrpmrhnjmocs trhosohnjmohbcs, trhosohnjmohbcs, sjkuc hvhozhogm.

Co bh sckurjghg quc ‒om ehy ohgh `ès suivcrsjvm quc nmovcrtjr jo`cgjhth`cotc cb gcscm co. rchbjghg‐ sc rcnmkco hbkuohs cxpcrjconjhs y prmpucsths gcstjohghs h bh gc`mnrhtjzhnjþo gc bms `cgjms gc lnm`uojnhnjþo. Nmo rcspcntm h bh rhgjm y tcbcvjsjþo bm `ès hgcnuhgm scràh hprmxj`hrsc h bhsbckàsbènàmoês gc phàscs quc om sjkuco cb `mgcbm omrtch`crjnhom y quc gc`ucstrho prcmnuphnjþo pmr csthibcncr pmbàtjnhs gc nm`uojnhnjþo quc rcskuhrgho bh smicrhoàh nubturhb gc sus pucibms, nmo hpmrtcs bmnhbcs quc j`pjgho prcsjmocs y hprmvcneh`jcotms kuicroh`cothbcs. Co cb @mvj`jcotm gc Qhàscs Om Hbjochgms sc gcihtjþ cb tc`h prèntjnh`cotc h phrtjr gc su sckuogh Nu`irc y, co Oucvh Gcbej sc nmonrctþ uoh gcnbhrhnjþo smirc bh ocncsjghg gc uo oucvm mrgco jofmr`htjvm jotcrohnjmohb. ^c eh pbhotchgm, jkuhb`cotc, cb hsuotm rcbhnjmohgm h bh smicrhoàh gcb cspcntrm cbcntrm`hkoêtjnm y hb usm gc bhs frcnuconjhs `cgjhs y ihlhs. Co nuhotm h bms `cgjms j`prcsms, sc eho ghgm vhrjhs cxpcrjconjhs nm`m bh gcb gjhrjm phrjsjom Bc @mogc, nmosjgcrhgm uom gc bms `ès j`pmrthotcs gcb `uogm. ^c trhth gc uoh c`prcsh prjvhgh suj kêocrjs. ^us hnnjmojsths prjvhgms, cs gcnjr bms quc eho jovcrtjgm gjocrm co bh c`prcsh, om tjcoco phrtjnjphnjþo co bhs pmbàtjnhs cgjtmrjhbcs oj jofmr`h- tjvhs. Om om`irho hb gjrcntmr, oj h bms gc`ès clcnutjvms pcrjmgàstjnms, oj h bms rcghntmrcs. Cb gj rcntmr cs cbckjgm pmr bh smnjcghg gc pcrjmgjsths quc, nm`m pcrsmoh luràgjnh, cs rcspmoshibc gc bh pmbàtjnh gcb gjhrjm. Csth scphrhnjþo cotrc bms jovcrsjmojsths prjvhgms quc pmoco su gjocrm phrh mitcocr utjbjghgcs y bh smnjcghg gc rcghntmrcs quc `hoclho y nmotrmbho co fmr`h hutþom`h tmgh bh phrtc pcrjmgàstjnh gc bh c`prcsh, ehnc quc Bc @mogc  sch uo pcrjþgjnm gjfcrcotc. Qmr bm `coms nuhogm sc bcc uoh omtjnjh jotcrohnjmohb, êsth tjcoc gms vcrsjmocs. Soh, kcocrhb`cotc gc bh  Hk  Hkco cogh gh Frho Frhonc nc Qr Qrcs cssc sc,,  vjonubhgh h bh pmbàtjnh cxtcrjmr gc Frhonjh, y bh vcrsjþo prmvcojcotc gcb phàs gmogc sc mrjkjoh bh om 

 

tjnjh. Bh bjicrthg gc prcosh om bh usufruntüho bms gucøms gcb gjocrm, sjom bms pcrjmgjsths quc, hb fjo y hb nhim, tjcoco `hymrcs `êrjtms quc bh sj`pbc tcoconjh gc nhpjthbcs. Mtrh cxpcrjconjh fuc bh gcb Cxncbsjmrþc  @êxjnm, c`prcshrjhb`cotc nmostjtujgh nm`m nmmpcrhtjvh. Bh`cothibc`cotc co @êxjnm ehy gms tjpms gc jostjtunjmocs< bhs quc phrcnco scr y bhs quc rchb`cotc smo. Nuhogm cbCxncbsjmr   phsþ bms bà`jtcs jovjsjibcs pcrm cxjstcotcs gc su bjicrthg phrh jofmr`hr -j`pucsth pmr cb kmijcrom nmo cb hr`h pmgcrmsh gcb nmotrmb smirc cb phpcb pcrjþgjnm- uo krupm gc nmmpcrhtjvjst nmmpcrhtjvjsths hs prcsjmohgms pmr cb kmijcrom ihrrjþ bjtcrhb`cotc bjtcrhb`cotc h su nucrpm gc rcghnnjþo. Bh nmmpcrhtjvh gc Cxncbsjmr   gclþ gc scr cotmoncs bm quc phrcnàh y `mstrþ rchb`cotc bm quc crh. Qcrm hüo co cb nhsm ejpmtêtjnm gc uoh hutêotjnh y fbmrcnjcotc nmmpcrhtjvh quc kmijcroc uo `cgjm gc nm`uojnhnjþo, om sc khrhotjzh su rcprcscothtjvjghg smnjhb y, pmr cb hfèo gc bckàtj`h khohonjh gc sus jotckrhotcs, sc jonbjoh ehnjh su sm`ctj`jcotm hotc bhs pmgcrmshs hkconjhs gc puibjnjghg. Cb cnmom`jnjs`m gc bms nmmpcrhtjvjsths y cb hfèo gc sus gjrjkcotcs gc `mstrhr rcsubthgms pmsjtjvms gc su kcstjþo, bms ehnco prcsh jocvjthibc gc bms pmgcrcs gcb gjocrm. ^j pmr bh fmr`hnjþo y pmsjnjþo jgcmbþkjnh y pmbàtjnh gc sus gjrjkcotcs rcsjstco cb hscgjm, bh qujcirh bcs hkuhrgh h bh vucbth gc bh csqujoh. Huo co cb nhsm gc uoh nmmpcrhtjvh jgchb, sjo cb hprc`jm gc bh puibjnjghg, om sc khrhotjzh su csthijbjghg gcijgm h bh kcocrhnjþo cspmotèoch gc nmofbjntms jotcroms gc pmgcr y h bms ou`crmsms y iurmnrh- tjzhgms þrkhoms jotcroms gc nmotrmb quc gjfjnubtho cb trhihlm pcrjmgàstjnm. Cstms prmibc`hs quc smo nhsj ohturhbcs co bhs nmmpcrhtjvhs gc nrêgjtm, gc prmgunnjþo m gc scrvjnjms, smo `unem `ès nm`pbclms co cb `hoclm gc uo pcrjþgjnm -üojnh pmsjijbjghg nmmpcrhtjzhibc- pmr bhs gjspuths h bms nhrkms gc gcnjsjþo< bms nmmpcrhtjvjsths tcr`joho gcfcogjcogm sus pmsjnjmocs sjo phrtjnjphnjþo gc bh smnjcghg. Mtrh nmosjgcrhnjþo smirc qb sjstc`h nmmpcrhtjvm phrh bms `cgjms jofmr`htjvms cs quc ohgh khrhotjzh quc sc nu`pbho bms jgchbcs gcb prmncsm gc bh nm`uojnhnjþo co bukhr gc bms sj`pbc`cotc jofmr`htjvms. Nmo bh nmmpcrhtjvh bh c`prcsh sc gc`mnrhtjzh, pcrm om bh nm`uojnhnjþo. Mtrh prmpucsth, `unehs vcncs sukcrjgh, cs bh cotrckh gc bms `cgjms gc nm`uojnhnjþo h sus trhihlhgmrcs. Qcrm êstms om pucgco nmogunjr bh c`prcsh pmr `cgjm gc sus mrkhojzhnjmocs sjogjnhbcs. Wcogrèo ocncshrjh`cotc quc nmostjtujrsc co pcrsmohs luràgjnhs,

 

nm`m c`prcsh prjvhgh, hsmnjhnjþo njvjb -nmo m sjo fjocs gc bunrm-1  nm`m nmmpcrhtjvh. Soh cxpcrjconjh hb rcspcntm fuc bh gc bms gjhrjms Cxprcsm  y Cxtrh gc Bj`h co `homs gc sus sjogjnhtms gc pcrjmgjsths  J krèfjnms. Wuvm êxjtm nmo hbtms tjrhlcs y nmo bh nrchnjþo gc uoh prm- phkhogh `hrkjohb prmpmrnjmohgh pmr mrkhojzhnjmocs sjogjnhbcs, prmfcsjmohbcs y pmpubhrcs, quc sc vmbvjþ j`pmrthotc. gcbms c`prcsh sjogjnhtms h hnmmpcrhtjvh om prmncsm gê nmovcrsjþo nub`joþ pmrCb fhbth gc tjc`pm. Fjohb`cotc, gjhrjms gc sc gcvmbvjcrmo sus hotjkums prmpjcthrjmss pmr gcnjsjþo pmbàtjnh. prmpjcthrjm  f   Ehy uoh sukcrconjh quc sc pbhotch nm`m sj`pbc tc`h gc gjsnusjþo< bh cotrckh tc`pmrhb gc bms pcrjþgjnms, prcvjh`cotc cxprmpjhgms, h bms phrtjgms pmbàtjnms gc hnucrgm y co prmpmrnjþo h bms rcsubthgms cbcntmrhbcs gc nhgh prmncsm. Cb gc `hymr tjrhlc hb phrtjgm quc rcprcscotc `hymr vmbu`co cbcntmrhb y cb `ès `mgcstm hb quc ehyh hbnhozhgm `coms vmthnjþo, gc `hocrh quc tmgms bms scntmrcs gc bh pmibhnjþo, hüo bms `jomrjthrjms, cstêo rcprcscothgms co bms gjvcrsms `cgjms. Wcojcogm co nucoth quc bms phrtjgms pmbàtjnms cxprcsho gjvcrshs tcogconjhs jgcmbþkjnhs, cb pburhbjs`m quc sc rcnbh`h nm`m nmogjgþo phrh cb fuonjmoh`jcotm gc bh gc`mnrhnjh csthràh hsckurhgm. Wmgms bms sck`cotms gc bh smnjcghg tcogràho vmz. Cstc pbhotch`jcotm pucgc gcsnmoncrthr h `ès gc uo bcntmr nmovconjgm quc bhs nmshs smo nm`m smo y hsà gcico sckujr, pmrquc co cb trhosnursm gc su vjgh om bc eho ghgm mpnjþo phrh pcoshr gc mtrh `hocrh y `coms phrh nucstjmohr. Ehy pcrsmohs quc om eho nh`ijhgm gc pcrjþgjnm gcsgc quc gclhrmo cb hohbfhictjs`m y om rcphrho quc su pcosh`jcotm eh sjgm `mbgchgm prcnjsh`cotc pmr csc `cgjm. ^crè gjfànjb su nh`ijm gc mpjojþo. So nuhrtm gc sjkbm gcspuês gc quc cb Gr. Nerjstjho Ihrohrg rchbjzþ cb prj`crtrho prj`crtrhospbhotc spbhotc nhrgjhnm y su phnjcotc, nmo nmrhzþo hlcom sckuàh h`hogm h bh `js`h `ulcr, tmghvàh cxjstco pmcths quc nmosjgcrho h cstc þrkhom nm`m kcocrhgmr y gcpmsjthrjm gcb h`mr. @unem tjc`pm gcijþ trhosnurrjr phrh quc bh eu`hojghg sc nmovconjcrh quc bh tjcrrh om crh pbhoh oj bh buoh crh uo qucsm. -- Bms ncrcirms eho sjgm gc thb `hocrh thbhgrhgms pmr bh rcpctjnjþo gc bms `coshlcs quc `unems sc `mrjrèo scojbcs, nmovconjgms quc bh üojnh khrhotàh phrh bh bjicrthg gc prcosh cs bh bjirc c`prcsh, cs gcnjr bh prmpjcghg prjvhgh. ^mstcocr bm nmotrhrjm cs tmghvàh ohghr nmotrh uoh tmrrcothgh. Bh prmpjcghg smnjhb gc nuhbqujcr `cgjm gc prmgunnjþo cstè shthojzhgh pmr bms vmncrms gcb bjicrhbjs`m cnmoþ`jnm.

 

Cb Jotcotm `ès scrjm gc gc`mnrhtjzhnjþo gc bhs nm`uojnhnjmocs fuc rchbjzhgm pmr cb kmijcrom `jbjthr quc prcsjgjþ co cb Qcrü cb kcocrhb Vcbhsnm Hbvhrhgm. ^jo c`ihrkm bh bcy gjnthgh co 8:;7 y su jotcrru`pjgh hpbjnhnjþo eho sjgm gc thb `hocrh nhrjnhturjzhgms pmr bh gcsjofmr`hnjþo, quc ehiràh quc rc`mvcr `mothøhs gc `cotjrhs phrh gcsnuirjr su vcrghg. Bhs oucvhs kcocrhnjmocs nmomnco h bms pcrjþgjnms gc csh êpmnh nm`m bh prcosh nhutjvh, bh prcosh phrh`ctrhgh. Cs pmsjibc quc, nm`m co nuhbqujcr rêkj`co jonbusm `momnmrgc, gc`mnrètjnm-bhscprcosh mivjhrho gctcr`johghs jofmr`hnjmocs nmyuoturhbcs, nm`m cb nhsmrcfcrjgm h bh suspcosjþo gc uo prmkrh`h pcrjmgàstjnm co pbcoh trhos`jsjþo pmr uo sj`pbc pcgjgm tcbcfþojnm gcb `jojstrm gcb Jotcrjmr gc uo kmijcrom gc`mnrètjnm. ^jo c`ihrkm, nmo bh rcvjsjþo gc bms gjhrjms cxprmpjhgms cxprmpjhgms gurhotc cb prj`cr høm, sc nm`prucih quc ouonh hotcs oj gcspuês sc gcihtjcrmo pmsjnjmocs jgcmbþkjnhs nmo thoth vcec`conjh y bjicrthg. Nrjstjhoms, `hrxjsths y smnjhbgc`þnrh- ths, gcfcogjcrmo sus nmovjnnjmocs nmo hphsjmoh`jcotm. Cb pbhotch`jcotm smirc bms `cgjms gc nm`uojnhnjþo y bhs `cgjghs quc cb kmijcrom gcb kcocrhb Vcbhsnm tm`þ phrh trhosfmr`hrbm fucrmo pjmocrms y sc hgcbhothrmo co njcrtms hspcntms h bms gcihtcs prm`mvjgms pmr bh SOC^NM. Co cb Qbho Qcrü phrh bms høms 8:;8-8:;3 cb kmijcrom gc Vcbhsnm prcvjm ‒csthibcncr sjstc`hs gc nm`uojnhnjþo y gjèbmkm cotrc bhs

`hymràhs pmpubhrcs y bms ncotrms ohnjmohbcs gc gcnjsjþo, quc pmsjijbjtco h cbbhs phrtjnjphr rchb`cotc co bhs gcnjsjmocs quc hfcntho h bh smnjcghg co su nmoluotm‐. Qhrh cb pbho rcsubthih ‒jocxpbjnhibc quc bms `cgjms gc nm`uojnhnjþo om nu`pbjcrho co bh hntuhbjghg uoh fuonjþo

pmsjtjvh co cb prmncsm gc gcshrrmbbm. Qmr cb nmotrhrjm, `unehs vcncs gcsmrjcotho h bh pmibhnjþo ehnjh vhbmrcs, cstjbms y phtrmocs gc nm`pmrth`jcotm y nmosu`m quc sc gjstjokuco pmr su nhrèntcr j`pmrthgm. Gc cstc `mgm sc gcijbjth bh jgcotjghg ohnjmohb y bh nmovjnnjþo gc quc cb prmncsm gc gcshrrmbbm gcpcogc prj`mrgjhb`cotc gcb csfucrzm y gc bh `mvjbjzhnjþo gc bms rcnursms y pmtconjhbjghgcs prmpjhs. Om cxjstc qujzès `hymr prm`mtmr gc bh nubturh gc bh gm`johnjþo, quc nhrhntcrjzh h oucstrm phàs, y gc su nmoscnucotc jonhphnjthnjþo phrh hsu`jr, gc `hocrh rcspmoshibc y hutþom`h bhs thrchs gc oucstrm prmpjm gcshrrmbbm, quc bms `cgjms gc nm`uojnhnjþo gc `hshs nuhogm su usm cstè prcgm`johotc`cotc nmogjnjmohgm pmr fjocs gc bunrm y om pmr bh fuonjþo gc scrvjr hb phàs y su prmkrcsm. Qmr tmgm bm hotcrjmr sc j`pmoc nbhrh`cotc bh ocncsjghg

 

:6 quc cb Csthgm, bhs jostjtunjmocs cgunhtjvhs y bhs cotjghgcs quc hntüho co bms nh`pms gc bh njconjh y bh nubturh co kcocrhb, hsu`ho cb rmb ncotrhb co bh mrjcothnjþo gc bms `cgjms `hsjvms gc nm`uojnhnjþo‐.  Ojoküo kmijcrom gc H`êrjnh Bhtjoh ehsth cotmoncs -y phrcnc quc ehsth emy- eh jotcothgm csthibcncr scrjh`cotc uoh pmbàtjnh ohnjmohb gc nm`uojnhnjmocs, nm`m bh josthurhgh co cb Qcrü co `hym gc 8:;8. Nmoncptms sc`clhotcs sc cxpmogràho gjcz høms gcspuês co bh rcuojþo nhtþbjnh gc C`iü y co `unems fmrms jotcrohnjmohbcs. Ehsth hkmstm gc 8:;3, cb kmijcrom gc Vcbhsnm Hbvhrhgm nu`pbjþ nmo clcnuthr bms bjonh`jcotms gc su pbho. Cb 96 gc lubjm gc 8:;7 sc prm`ubkþ bh Bcy gc ^mnjhbjzhnjþo gc bh Qrcosh y c`pczþ su hpbjnhnjþo sj`ubtèoch nmo bh jotcrvconjþo gc tmgms bms gjhrjms prjvhgms gc njrnubhnjþo ohnjmohb. Gc hnucrgm h gjneh bcy, cstms pcrjþgjnms scràho cxprmpjhgms y buckm hglugjnhgms h bhs mrkhojzhnjmocs rcprcscothtjvhs gc bh smnjcghg, nm`m nh`pcsjoms, prmfcsjmohbcs, nm`uocrms jogustrjhbcs, jotcbcntuhbcs y h bh nm`uojghg cgunhtjvh, nmostjtujgms co hsmnjhnjmocs njvjbcs. Co mtrhs phbhirhs, csths mrkhojzhnjmocs gcicràho fmr`hr hsmnjhnjmocs njvjbcs quc scràho bhs prmpjcthrjhs gc nhgh uom gc bms gjhrjms cxprmpjhgms. Gc csth `hocrh sc hsckurhih uo pcrjþgjnm h nhgh scntmr mrkhojzhgm gc bh pmibhnjþo. Cb gjhrjm `ès hotjkum y th`ijêo cb `ès pmgcrmsm, Cb Nm`crnjm, csthih gcstjohgm h bhs mrkhojzhnjmocs nh`pcsjohs. Fuc cb üojnm quc sc trhosfjrjþ rchb`cotc y gmogc uo gjrjkcotc gc bh Nmofcgcrhnjþo Ohnjmohb Hkrhrjh mnupþ bh gjrcnnjþo. Bh bcy csthibcnàh cb pbhzm gc uo høm phrh bh nmostjtunjþo gc bhs hsmnjhnjmocs njvjbcs. @jcotrhs thotm, bms gjhrjms jotcrvcojgms scràho hg`jojstrhgms pmr nm`jtês gcsjkohgms pmr cb kmijcrom. Bh bcy tcoàh hbkuoms crrmrcs suishohibcs, nm`m cb ehicr nmosjgcrhgm thotms scntmrcs mrkhojzhgms nm`m gjhrjms cxjstcotcs. Cb bhpsm cotrc bh jotcrvconjþo y bh hglugjnhnjþo gcfjojtjvh crh jocvjthibc, tcojcogm co nucoth bms prmncgj`jcotms luràgjnms phrh nub`johr cb prmncsm cxprmpjhtmrjm y cb tjc`pm jogjspcoshibc phrh quc bms scntmrcs sc mrkhojzhrho. Ehy quc tcocr co nucoth quc cxjstàho trcs mrkhojzhnjmocs gc nh`pcsjoms gc ojvcb ohnjmohb4 bms prmfcsjmohbcs bjicrhbcs -himkhgms, `êgjnms, jokcojcrms, psjnþbmkms y tmgms bms gc`ès nmbckjhgms- gcicràho om`irhr rcprcscothotcs co rcuojmocs quc gc ojokuoh `hocrh pmgàho scr cxpcgjtjvhs. cxpcgjtjvhs. ^c pucgc nrjtjnhr mtrhs fhbbhs prmncshbcs gc bh bcy, pcrm su nmoncpnjþo rcvmbunjmohrjh rcvmbunjmohrjh phrh gc`mnrhtjzhr bh prcosh cs jomilcthibc. ^c

 

bmkrhih uo gmibc milctjvm< cb bunrm y bh prmpjcghg prjvhgh gcshphrcnàho y bms `cgjms om phshiho h bh prmpjcghg csththb. Bm `cgjms gc nm`uojnhnjþo sc nmovcrtàho co prmpjcghg smnjhb. Bms sjo vmz, pmr fjo y gc prmotm, sc gclhràho csnunehr. Co cstc hspcntm bh bcy crh tho iucoh, quc pmr prcsjmocs gcotrm gcb prmpjm kmijcrom, nm`m nmoscnuconjh gc bh nh`phøh nmotjocothb gcshthgh pmr cb kmijcrom omrtch`crjnhom h trhvês gc su clc NJH-^JQ,  sc jonu`pbjþ cb prj`cr pbhzm. Qhrh gcnjrbm nmo frhoquczh, sus prmpjms hutmrcs sc hsusthrmo nmo su nrchnjþo. Cb gcihtc jgcmbþkjnm co cb quc jotcrvjojcrmo bh `hymràh gc bms cgjtmrjhbjsths om tjcoc prcncgcotcs. Hb nu`pbjrsc cb prj`cr høm, co bukhr gc hglugjnhrsc bms gjhrjms h sus gcstjohthrjms bckhbcs, sc prmrrmkþ cb `hoghtm gc bms nm`jtês gc hg`jojstrhnjþo. So `cs gcspuês fuc gcrrmnhgm cb kcocrhb Vcbhsnm, pmr cb kcocrhb @mrhbcs Icr`ügcz quc gctuvm cb prmncsm gc nh`ijms. Co nuhotm h bms `cgjms gc nm`uojnhnjþo, sustjtuyþ h bms `jc`irms gc bms nm`jtês gc hg`jojstrhnjþo y h bms oucvms bms `hoclþ nmo `c`mrèogu`. Bms pcrjþgjnms phshrmo h scr gjkjthgms gcsgc Qhbhnjm. Qhrh hsckurhr su nmotrmb, sc jojnjþ uoh vcrghgcrh rhzzjh nmotrh bms pcrjmgjsths. Gcb gjhrjm Cxprcsm  fucrmo gcspcgjgms ;3 trhihlhgmrcs. Mtrm thotm gcb gjhrjm Bh Nrþojnh.  @mrhbcs Icr`ügcz, nhbjfjnhgm nm`m fcbþo pmr cb ejstmrjhgmr Lmrkc Ihshgrc, hnhiþ nmo bh cxpcrjconjh quc gurþ cxhnth`cotc 8> `cscs. Bms prjonjpjms quc omr`hrmo bh `cgjgh fucrmo gc thb `hocrh prmstjtujgms pmr cb oucvm kmijcrom `jbjthr, quc bh gcvmbunjþo h sus hotjkums prmpjcthrjms, njonm høms gcspuês, gjm bh hphrjconjh gc bjicrhnjþo.Bh prj`crh `cgjgh tm`hgh pmr cb sjkujcotc kmijcrom, cbckjgm gc`mnrètjnh`cotc fuc bh gcvmbunjþo gc bms pcrjþgjnms, rhgjms y tcbcvjsjþo h sus hotjkums prmpjcthrjms. Vcbhsnm jotcrvjom th`ijêo rhgjms y tcbcvjsjþo, prmejijþ bh cxjstconjh gc nhgcohs y cxprmpjþ bhs hnnjmocs gc cstms `cgjms co uo pmrncothlc quc hsckurhrh cb nmotrmb gcb Csthgm, pcrm om jotrmgulm co cb prmncgj`jcotm ojokuoh trhosfmr`hnjþo mrjkjohb nm`m co cb nhsm gc bms pcrjþgjnms.

 

Nhpàtubm JJJ BM^ GSCØM^ GCB C^QCNWYM

‒Sstcgcs tjcoco cb :1% gcb cspcntrm cbcntrm-

`hkoêtjnm y cb 81% gc bh pmibhnjþo. Omsmtrms tcoc`ms cb :1% gc bh pmibhnjþo y cb 81% gcb cspcntrm. Xucrc`ms bm quc oms nmrrcspmogc".  Hbà^  Hb à^eu eu`` `` @jojstrm gc Ycbhnjmocs Cxtcrjmrcs gc ^ugèo

 

Qmr uo Oucvm Mrgco @uogjhb gc bh Jofmr`hnjþo '"y gc jh Nm`uojnhnjþo _8 nucotm gc bh bjicrthg gc prcosh h csnhbh `uogjhb, sc bbh`h bjirc njrnubhnjþo gc bhs jofmr`hnjmocs m bjirc fbulm gc bh jofmr`hnjþo. Qhrh êb om cxjstco frmotcrhs oj smicrhoàhs. Csnrjtm cstè co bh Gcnbhrhnjþo gc bh Bjicrthg gc Jofmr`hnjþo y co bh LXcnbhrhnjþo Sojvcrshb gc bms ' Gcrcnems gcBEm`inc, y nm`m thb rcnmomnjgm y rcspcthgm. Co prjonjpjm, cstè ijco quc hsà sch. Qhrh bhs jgchs y su cxprcsjþo om gcico cxjstjr frmotcrhs. Qcrm gc bh `js`h `hocrh quc sc rcnbh`h bh bjicrthg gc cxprcsjþo nm`m uo gcrcnem smnjhb, cs gcnjr nm`m uo gcrcnem gc tmgms, sc cxjkc jkuhb`cotc quc cb bjirc fbulm gc bh jofmr`hnjþo, sch uo gcrcnem gc bms phàscs, co cb cotcogjgm quc tmgms smo jkuhbcs, pmr `uy pcqucøms quc scho co cxtcosjþo tcrrjtmrjhb y co oü`crm gc ehijthotcs. Co mtrhs phbhirhs -hnuøhghs pmr bms cxpcrtms-lhkrh quc cb bjirc fbulm gc bh jofmr`hnjþo sch rchb, gcic scr cqujbjirhgm, rcnàprmnm y lustm. ^cràh hisurgm mpmocrsc hb nmoncptm fjbmsþfjnm m jgcmbþkjnm gc bjicrthg. Qmr cb nmotrhràm, bms quc milctho bh hntuhb cstrunturh gc bh nm`uojnhnjþo n m`uojnhnjþo jotcrohnjm jotcrohnjmohb, ohb, smo bms hutêotjnms gcfcosmrcs phrh quc csh bjicrthg sch rchb`cotc uo gcrcnem gc bms pucibms y om uo prjvjbckjm gc c`prcshs prjvhghs4 phrh quc sch pburhb, gc`mnrètjnh y cstê bjicrhgh gc bms `mompmbjms4 y phrh quc bhs Jofmr`hnjmocs tcokho hijcrths gc phr co phr bhs pucrths gc tmgms bms nh`joms gcb `uogm, pcrm quc njrnubco gc Jgh y vucbth, gc omrtc h sur, gc sur h omrtc, gc cstc h mcstc y gc mcstc h cstc. Cs nmogjnjþo csconjhb phrh cb bjirc fbulm gc

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bh jofmr`hnjþo cb pburhbjs`m y bh jkuhbghg gc mpmrtuojghgcs gc tmgms bms pucibms phrh scr csnunehgms. Cstms nmoncptms smirc bh bjicrthg gc prcosh y cb bjirc fbulm gc bh jofmr`hnjþo om pucgco csthr supcgjthgms, co bh prèntjnh, h bhs tcmràhs gc bh cnmom`àh bjicrhb. Cb bjirc fbulm om cs oj gcic scr bjirc nm`crnjm. Csth gcbjicrhgh nmofusjþo conjcrrh uo krucsm nmotrhihogm. Ihlm su couonjhgm johthnhibc, cb bjirc fbulm sc eh gcsohturhbjzhgm pmr nm`pbctm, gcijgm h bh nmoncotrhnjþo gcb pmgcr gc jofmr`hr. Hsà nm`m bh bjicrthg gc prcosh cs cb usufruntm cxnbusjvm gc bms quc tjcoco gjocrm y pmgcr, cb bjirc fbulm gc bh jofmr`hnjþo cs cb `mompmbjm gc nuhtrm hkconjhs trhosohnjmohbcs gc omtjnjhs quc sc eho hpmgcrhgm, sjo pmsjijbjghg gc nm`pctconjh, gc `ès gc `cgjh eu`hojghg. Cstms nuhtrm `mompmbjms oms ehnco vcr `momnrm`ètjnm cb `uogm y bh vjgh, nmo cb nmbmr gcb fjbtrm quc oms nmbmnho gjhrjh`cotc, gurhotc bhs 97 emrhs. ^u gm`jojm om tjcoc cb cxnbusjvm prmpþsjtm gc bunrhr. Bm `hotcogràho jkuhb, sj co bms bjirms gc nmothijbjghg gc sus ncotrhbcs bms rcsubthgms hrrmlhrho pêrgjghs. Bh utjbjghg cs kcmpmbàtjnh, cstrhtêkjnh, jogjspcoshibc phrh bh tcrncrh nmbmojzhnjþo. Cb hnhphrh`jcotm gc bms nhøhbcs gc nm`uojnhnjþo tjcoc pmr milctjvm ncrrhroms bhs mpnjmocs gc smbunjþo h oucstrms prmibc`hs phrh j`pmocroms sþbm bh gjnmtm`àh< bjicrthg nhpjthbjsth m csnbhvjtug nm`uojsth. Cb h`crjnho why mf bjfc m bms trhihlms fmrzhgms co bhs ecbhghs cstcphs gc ^jicrjh. Om ehy purkhtmrjm h cbckjr< sþbm cb njcbm m cb jofjcrom. Cb quc om cstê nmo cbbms, cstè nmogcohgm hb hvcrom. Qmr csm, sus jofmr`hnjmocs gcsprcstjkjho h kmijcroms m `mvj`jcotms ohnjmohbjsths y prmkrcsjsths, hb `js`m tjc`pm quc oms `ucstrhr  J rmstrm gcb sjstc`h nhpjthbjsth conuijcrtm y c`icbbcnjgm nmo cb `hqujbbhlc gc bh bjicrthg. Bh gm`johnjþo jofmr`htjvh y nubturhb fuc hohbjzhgh nmo vjsjþo y ncrtczh smrprcogcotcs pmr cb smnjþbmkm omrtch`crjnhom Ecricrt ^nejbbcr8  y rcghnthgh co bms sjkujcotcs têr`joms< ‒Cb pmgcràm gc uo j`pcrjm sjc`prc cstè co prmpmrnjþo h bh gcijbjghg gc bms phàscs nmbmojzhgms. Csth gcijbjghg cs, om sþbm cnmoþ`j-, nh m `jbjthr, sjom th`ijêo y prj`mrgjhb`cotc, uoh gcijbjghg jotcbcntuhb.

‒Co nuhotm bh csnbcrmsjs hfcnth bh `cotc, sc rckjstrh uo csthonh`jcotm m rckrcsm gc bhs

jovcstjkhnjmocs co tmgms bms nh`pms, gmogc cb jotcbcntm gcic `mgcbhr bh fmr`h gc smnjcghg. Cotmoncs bhs cstrunturhs smnjhbcs, cb hphrhtm gc prmgunnjþo y bh vjgh pmbàtjnh cstèo nmogcohghs h c`pmircncrsc, gcnhcr y htrhshrsc nmo rcspcntm h mtrhs smnjcghgcs `ès gjoè`jnhs co cb scotjgm jotcbcntuhb, quc sc icocfjnjho

 

rèpjgh`cotc gc cbbm vcogjcogm phtcotcs, nm`prhogm c`prcshs, fjr`hogm nmotrhtms nm`crnjhbcs, utjbjzhogm tmgms bms `cgjms gc cxpbmthnjþo gc bms `ès gêijbcs. Cb j`pcrjhbjs`m cnmoþ`jnm cs j`pmsjibc sjo uo gm`jojm jotcbcntuhb y njcotàfjnm. ‒Qcrm om tmgm sc pucgc cxpbjnhr nmo cb ecnem gc quc cb j`pcrjhbjs`m cnmoþ`jnm j`pmoc su gm`jojm nm`m nmoscnuconjh gc bh gcsprmpmrnjþo gc fucrzhs. Qhrh csm cs ocncshrjm nckhr h bms pucibms nmbmojzhgms, nmoqujsthrbms nmo su `mgcbm supucsth`cotc supcrjmr pmr bhs nuhbjghgcs quc sc bcs mfrcnc gcb cxtcrjmr. Cotmoncs cb pmgcr cnmoþ`jnm rcsubth scr uoh `hojfcsthnjþo gc bh supcrjmrjghg nubturhb quc bm lustjfjnh. ‒Om cs th`pmnm sufjnjcotc nckhr jotcbcntuhb`cotc h bms pucibms co

nmbmojzhnjþo. Cb gm`jojm gcb j`pcrjm tjcoc quc scr `hotcojgm, phrh bm nuhb utjbjzh tmgms bms `cgjms gc jofmr`hnjþo y puibjnjghg `mgcroms. Csh prmphkhogh bh gjrjkc hrijtrhrjh`cotc, lustjfjnèogmsc nmo bh ocncsjghg gc njrnubhnjþo bjirc, nmo cb fjo gc j`pmocr cb `mgcbm gc nubturh quc nmotjcoc gmk`hs pmbàtjnms, gmntrjohs cnmoþ`jnhs y csquc`hs smihlcs, cbhimrhgms scküo bms jotcrcscs gc bh pmtconjh gm`johotc. ‒Csth prmphkhogh rcprcscoth uoh fucotc gc icocfjnjms, yh quc sc bbcvh h trhvês gc nhoèWês nmovcrtjgms co rcokbmocs gc khohohnjhs quc bc hpmrtho hb j`pcrjm su phrtc gc jokrcsm, trhsbhghgh h bh `ctrþpmbj ..Gc csh `hocrh cb j`pcrjhbjs`m co bh csfcrh nubturhb cxtrhc rcnursms `htcrjhbcs ègjnjmohbcs, pcrm hb `js`m tjc`pm y cstm cs bm `ès pcbjkrmsm, trhth gc imrrhr bhs gjstjonjmocs gc nubturhs phrh bmkrhr uoh uojfmr`jghg joütjb‐. 

Gms hkconjhs omrtch`crjnhohs< Sojtcg Qrcss Jotcrohtjmohb ( SQJ SQJ)  y  Hs  Hssm smnj njht htcg cg Qrcss  ( HQ)4  uoh frhoncsh3 pmr cb pcrjmgjsth frhonês Nehrbcs Ehvhs y Ycutcr co 8538, pmr cb hbc`èo ohnjmohbjzhgm irjtèojnm, Lubjus Ycutcr. Bh hotjkuh Ehvhs cs emy bh Hk  Hkco conj njh h Fr Frho honc nc Qrcs Qrcssc sc..   Lb  Lbcu cutc tcry ry E Ehv hvhs hs fucrmo bms mrkhojs`ms gc rcbhnjmocs püibjnhs gc bh pmbàtjnh nmbmojhb gc sus rcspcntjvms j`pcrjms. j`pcrjms. Nhgh uom kbmrjfjnhih h su phàs. Bh hprmpjhnjþo gc ohnjmocs y ehsth gc nmotjocotcs fuc prcscothgh pmr cbbms om nm`m bm quc rchb`cotc crh< rmim, shqucm, kcomnjgjm, sjom nm`m bh mirh njvjbjzhgmrh gc mnnjgcotc. Qhrh cshs hkcoghs jofmr`htjvhs, nhrhntcrjzhghs pmr cb gcsprcnjm h uo `uogm quc om fucrh cb suym, Csthgms Sojgms crh uoh cx-nmbmojh gm`johgh pmr pjstmbcrms y khokstcrs quc gjsputhiho fmrtuoh, nm`m cb rcfukjm gc hvcoturcrms y hbnmembjzhgms jrbhogcscs co iusnh gc gmrhgms. Frcotc h csc j`pcrjhbjs`m Jofmr`htjvm, bh rchnnjþo omrtch`crjnhoh fuc cxhnth`cotc Jgêotjnh h bh quc emy tjcoco bms kmijcroms prmkrcsjsths gcb Wcrncr @uogm.

 

Co bms høms >1, bms pmbàtjnms y pcrjmgjsths omrtch`crjnhoms milcthiho bh cstrunturh gc bh nm`uojnhnjþo jotcrohnjmohb y prmtcsthiho pmr cb nmotrmb gc bh jofmr`hnjþo `uogjhb. Cb kcrcotc clcnutjvm gc Hs  Hssm smnj njht htcg cg Qrcs Qrcss, s, Dcot Nmmpcr gcouonjþ cb nmotcojgm gc bhs omtjnjhs gc Ehvhs y gc fàcuàcr nm`m kbmrjfjnhgmrhs gc sus rcspcntjvms phàscs, `jcotrhs quc gc Csthgms Sojgms üojnh`cotc sc jofmr`hih nuhogm suncgàho nhtèstrmfcs, hscsjohtms, bjoneh`jcotms gc ockrms u ‒mnurrconjhs krmtcsnhs". Nmmpcr ejzm omthr -bm quc hemrh cs cvjgcotc co  HQ y SQJ-  quc bh hkconjh frhoncsh y bh jokbcsh prcscothiho h sus phàscs ‒bbcvhogm j`pmrthotcs

prmkrcsms h bh eu`hojghg, nuyhs vcothlhs scràho mtmrkhghs hb `uogm, co bh `cgjgh quc bms pucibms sc jgcotjfjnhrho nmo sus pmbàtjnhs". Cb prcsjgcotc gc bh Nm`jsjþo Fcgcrhb gc Nm`uojnhnjmocs gc Csthgms Sojgms, Lh`cs Bhwrconc, prmtcstþ nmo bhs sjkujcotcs phbhirhs quc emy susnrjijràh pbcoh`cotc cb Wcrncr @uogm< ‒Cotrc bhs mibjkhnjmocs hrtjfjnjhbcs  j`pucsths hb bjirc gcshrrmbbm gcb nm`crnjm h trhvês gcb `uogm, ojokuoh cs `ès jrrjthotc oj `coms lustjfjnhibc quc cb nmotrmb pmr uo phàs gc bh cstrunturh gc bhs nm`uojnhnjmocs, hnmrghogm scrvjnjms phrtjnubhrcs y thshs prcfcrconjhbcs h sus prmpjms süigjt ms‐ ms‐ 9. Qhrh bms phàscs suigcshrrmbbhgms sjkuc sjcogm ‒jrrjthotc‐ cb nmotrmb gc bhs nm`uojnhnjmocs pmr phrtc

gc uoh pmtconjh, co cstc nhsm, Csthgms Sojgms. Qhrh 8:75, cb j`pcrjm, tcoàh uo prmycntm ihsthotc cstugjhgm y nm`pbctm. Nmo cb gclhr ehncr, gclhr phshr, gcspbhzhràh rèpjgh`cotc h Frhonjh y Krho Ircthøh y clcrncràh cb gm`jojm `uogjhb gc bhs jofmr`hnjmocs h trhvês gc  HQ y SQJ. Cb j`pcrjm njoc`htmkrèfjnm gc Embbywmmg tcoàh jkuhb`cotc hsckurhgm cb `crnhgm `uogjhb phrh sus prmgunnjmocs gcstjohghs, co su `hymr phrtc, h `mstrhr bms `êrjtms gc bh bjirc c`prcsh. Qrcvjh`cotc, co 8:7;, cb Nmokrcsm gc Csthgms Sojgms gjm uoh bcy gc nrchnjþo gcb Nmosclm gc ^ckurjghg Ohnjmohb y gc bh Hkconjh Ncotrhb gc Jotcbjkconjh, NÀH.  Cb prj`crm cbhimrhràh phrh cb prcsjgcotc bhs pmbàtjnhs gc sckurjghg, y bh NÀH scràh bh clcnutmrh gc csh pmbàtjnh, gcotrm y fucrh gc bh Sojþo. ^u milctjvm prjonjphb crh frcohr co tmgm cb `uogm cb cxphosjmojs`m smvjêtjnm. Bh Nm`jsjþo Fcgcrhb gc Nm`uojnhnjmocs sc jotckrþ hb Nmosclm gc ^ckurjghg. Csth nm`jsjþo gcshphrcncràh buckm, co 8:3>, phrh ghr phsm h bh Hkconjh Jofmr`htjvh gc bms Csthgms Sojgms ES^J^ phrh cb cxtrholcrm, S^ÀH phrh cb jotcrjmr- gcstjohgh h gjrjkjr bhs nh`phøhs gcsjofmr`htjvhs gc bh kucrrè frWh.

 

Nmo cb jojnjm gc bh kucrrh fràh, ojokuoh nucstjþo sc vmbvjþ phrh cb Wcrncr @uogm, ‒`ès jrrjthotc quc cb nmotrmb gc bh cstrunturh gc bhs nm`uojnhnjmocs" pmr phrtc gc trcs

pmtconjhs nhpjthbjsths y prjonjphb`cotc pmr Csthgms Sojgms, (.hs jofmr`hnjmocs kbmrjfjnho hemrh h bh oucvh pmtconjh y sus ‒krhogcs prmkrcsms oms pmgrèo bbckhr hbküo gàh, sj sckuj`ms sus bjoch`jcotms pmbàtjnms‐. Nmo bh hphrjconjh gc uoh nm`uojnhnjþo milctjvh,

pcrm csnrupubmsh`cotc scbcnnjmohgh y h`høhgh, bhs trhosohnjmohbcs  HQ y SQJ gjsc`joho co cb `uogm jofmr`hnjmocs fhbshs c jotcrprcthnjmocs tcogconjmshs. Ncosurho tmgh jofmr`hnjþo quc pucgh icocfjnjhr hb gcshrrmbbm y hb prmkrcsm gc bms phàscs co gcshrrmbbm. Jotcrfjcrco co bh pmbàtjnh jotcroh gc bms Csthgms y nu`pbco thrchs gcscsthijbjzhgmrhs y suivcrsjvhs. Co nh`ijm, gc csms phàscs sþbm rcnmkco y gjvubkho omtjnjhs gckrhghotcs y nhthstrþfjnhs. Cb j`pcrjhbjs`m jofmr`htjvm eh nmovcrtjgm bh `cotjrh co uoh hntjvjghg bunrhtjvkBy gcnjsjvh phrh bh gm`johnjþo. Nmo cshs hr`hs j`pmoco sus csquc`hs pmbàtjnms, nubturhbcs, cnmoþ`jnms cnmoþ`jnms y gcfmr`ho bms gc bms phàscs gcb Ec`jsfcrjm ^ur. SQJ y  HQ rcprcscotho bms jotcrcscs gc bms krhogcs nmosmrnjms houonjhgmrcs y cstèo rcbhnjmohgms nmo cb nm`pbclm iêbjnm jogustrjhb omrtch`crjnhom. Csh cs bh rhzþo pmr bh nuhb sus nh`phøhs gc gcsprcstjkjm sc gjrjkco nmotrh kmijcroms prmkrcsjsths. Bhs gjnthgurhs smo iucohs y rcspcthghs co bh `cgjgh quc prmtckco bhs jovcrsjmocs trhosohnjmohbcs. Co H`êrjnh Bhtjoh, bm quc cs iucom phrh cb Nmuonjb mf tec È`crjnhs cs iucom phrh SQJ y  HQ.  Cstc Nmosclm cs rcprcscothtjvm gc bhs 931 `hymrcs c`prcshs omrtch`crjnhohs nmo jotcrcscs co H`êrjnh Bhtjoh, SQJ y HQ, co bh prèntjnh, smo mfjnjohs gc rcbhnjmocs püibjnhs gcb Nmuonjb mf tec H`crjnhs. Qmr csm, kmijcrom quc tcokh prmibc`hs nmo nuhbqujcrh gc bms 931 hsmnjhgms, nmrrc cb rjcskm gc cofrcothrsc nmo bms gc`ès, pcrm gcsgc bms prj`crms `m`cotms cb nemquc scrè nmo bhs gms hkconjhs omtjnjmshs. ^mosus pcrrms kuhrgjh- jrcs, H su vcz,  HQ y SQJ,  h trhvês gcb Nmuonjb mf tec H`crjnhs, cstèo _ecr`hohgms nmo @nNhoo Crjndsmo, [hbtcr Wem`psmo_nmo bh Zmuok & Yuijnh`, bhs trcs krhogcs hkconjhs h nhrkm gc bh puibjnjghg gc bh `hymràh gc cshs 931 c`prcshs. Cxjstc cotrc bms Jotckrhotcs gc bms krupms gc pmgcr gcb `uogm suigcshrrmbbhgm -nmo iucohs `hocrhs y cgunhnjþo sc cstjbh gcnjr, gc bms phàscs co gcshrrmbbm m co vàhs gc gcshrrmbbm- uoh hspjrhnjþo h jotckrhrsc h uoh trhosohnjmohb gc bh iurkucsàh. Wjcoco uoh jomnubth

 

ibc vmnhnjþo gc bhozhr y sckujr bh nmosjkoh< ‒{iurkucscs gcb `uogm, uojms!". Hntüho nmo

`cothbjghg hotjohnjmohb. ^mo bms hotjImbàvhr y bms hotj^ho @hrtào gcb sjkbm xx. Nmbmnho sus khohonjhs, `hb m ijco ehijghs, co bh ihonh omrtch`crjnhoh, phrh jonrc`cothr bms jokrcsms gc bh pmtconjh `ès krhogc gc bh tjcrrh h cxpcoshs gcb eh`irc gc sus pucibms. Bcs phrcnc omr`hb y bþkjnm quc bms usurcrms gc bh ihonh jotcrohnjmohb hntüco co cqujpm, nm`m nbui, pcrm sc mpmoco h quc bms gcugmrcs ehkho bm `js`m. ^mstjcoco quc, nmo rcfcrconjh h bh gcugh, nhgh phàs cs uoh rchbjghg gjfcrcotc y, co nmoscnuconjh, nhgh uom tjcoc quc cofrcothrsc, smbjthrjm nmo bms hnrccgmrcs nmhbjkhgms. Hgc`ès gc bh Jgcotjfjnhnjþo jgcmbþkjnh nmo bms jotcrcscs gm`j- ohotckB bms krupms gc pmgcr quc co H`êrjnh Bhtjoh nmotrmbho bms `cgjms gc nm`uojnhnjþo, cstèo hsmnjhgms h bh ^JQ y h bh HJY, cotjghgcs conhrkhghs gc uojfmr`hr h sus puibjnhnjmocs y csthnjmocs hugjm vjsuhbcs pmr uoh rhzþo vjthb< ½quê suncgcràh sj cb prmpjcthrjm gc uoh c`jsmrh m gc uo gjhrjm, co hbküo `m`cotm gc hbunjohnjþo, nmotrhthrh bms scrvjnjms gc uoh hkconjh hbtcrohtjvh y gjfuogjcrh, om yh co su scnnjþo prjonjphb sjom co uoh jotcroh m scnuoghrjh, uoh omtjnjh gcb QMMB, gc QYCBH, HBH^CJ m WH^^, nmo uoh vcrsjþo quc nmotrhgjkh h SQJ M HQ=  Cb lcfc gc nhibcs gc csc `cgjm, rcnjijràh gc jo`cgjhtm bh vjsjth gc uo fuonjmohrjm gc usjs m gc hbküo mtrm nmothntm nbhogcstjom, phrh jovcstjkhr y `mstrhr su cxtrhøczh. Cb phsm sjkujcotc scràh hotc cb gjrcntmr gcb `cgjm, phrh uoh omtjfjnhnjþo h`jkhibc y uoh h`cohzh thokconjhb, `uy gjpbm`ètjnh. Bh rcjtcrhnjþo scràh krhvc phrh cb `cgjm. Ihsthràh uoh bbh`hgh tcbcfþojnh gc bh mfjnjoh gc bh usjs h bh @nNhoo Cràndssmo, [hbtcr Wem`psmo, Zmuok & Yuijnh`,  m h nuhbqujcr suisjgjhrjh gc csths c`prcshs trhosohnjmohbcs gc puibjnjghg, phrh rctjrhrbc h csc `cgjm bms hvjsms gc sus nbjcotcs y cb huspjnjm h sus prmkrh`hs. Bh `hymràh gc bms c`prcshrjms ohtjvms, quc kcocrhb`cotc sc gcgjnho h bh jogustrjh gc cosh`ibhlc gc prmguntms trhosohnjmohbcs, sckujràho cj clc`pbm. Bms gàhs gc vjgh gcb `cgjm gc nm`uojnhnjþo csthràho nmothgms. M bh rcntjfjnhnjþo m bh qujcirh, sjo mpnjmocs. Hsà fuonjmoh bh Yicrthg gc prcosh y cb bjirc fbulm m bh bjirc njrnubhnjþo gc bh jofmr`hnjþo.

Bh gcsjofmr`hnjþo gc bhs trhosohnjmohbcs gc bh omtjnjh om cstè nmofjhgh h bh cspmothocjghg c j`prmvjshnjþo gcb nmrrcspmoshb m gcb rcspmoshibc gc bh hkconjh quc hntüh co nhgh phàs, oj rcqujcrc quc co

 

nhgh mnhsjþo bc gjkho gcsgc su ncotrhb bm quc gcic ehncr. Wh`m cs ocncshrjm quc `hotcokho nmothntm nmo bms rcprcscothotcs (tcf 1  931 krhogcs c`prcshs m nmo sus hkcotcs gc puibjnjghg. Qhrh cs= om`irh`jcotms cxjstc cb rcqujsjtm tènjtm gc bh jgcotjfjnhnjþo ¡nlcm^  bþkjnh y cb csthibcnj`jcotm gc bàochs pmbàtjnhs kcocrhbcs `uy nbhrhs quc pucgco, co gctcr`johgms nhsms, scr cspcnàfjnhs y nmonrcths h pcshr gc cbbm, eho surkjgm ou`crmsms prmibc`hs nmo pcrjmgjsths tm`hrmopmr co scrjm cb bc`h gc bh milctjvjghg jofmr`htjvh. ^c rcnucrgho nhsmsgjkoms nm`m quc cb rcbhthgm cb nmrrcspmoshb Qejbbjp Dojketbcy gcb Ocw Zmrd Wj`cs  y uo krupm gc pcrjmgjsths, cotrc cbbms Ghvjg Ehbicrsth`, nuyms covàms gcsgc Vjct Oh` crho `mgjfjnhgms co Oucvh Zmrd, nmo jotcrvconjþo gcb Qcotèkmom. ^us omtjnjhs, gcsfjkurhghs, sc csphrnàho hb `uogm. Bms nmrrcspmoshbcs om rcnmomnàho sus trhihlms, pmrquc sj`pbc`cotc om sc hsc`clhiho h bh rchbjghg y kcocrhb`cotc crho mpucsths h cbbh. Cb nmrrcspmoshb gc  HQ,  @hbnmb` Irmwoc, quc conhiczþ bh prmtcsth, fuc jovjt hgm hgm h tm`hr uo `cs gc vhnhnjmocs ‒phrh scrcohrsc‐. Nuhogm tc`joþ su gcsnhosm fuc nh`ijhgm gc gcstjom>. Mtrm nhsm fh`msm fuc cb gcb pcrjmgjsth J. F. ^tmoc, nmrrcspmoshb gurhotc bh kucrrh co Nmrch. Co bh ncotrhb gc su hkconjh, co Oucvh Zmrd, bc ehiàho tcrkjvcrshgm h thb cxtrc`m sus gcsphnems quc crho jrrcnmomnjibcs. Hotc su j`pmtconjh phrh nmosckujr rcntjfjnhnjmocs m pmr bm `coms hnbhrhnjmocs, csnrjijþ cb bjirm Wec Ejggco Ejstmrymf tec Dmrcho [hr. Qhsþ `unem tjc`pm phrh quc cb cb bjirm pugjcrh vcr bh buz püibjnh. Co bh ‒nuoh‐ gc bh bjicrthg, 95 c`prcshs cgjtmrjhbcs rcnehzhrmo su puibjnhnjþo. Nuhogm fjohb`cotc bm cgjtþ pmr su nucoth, tuvm quc cofrcothr bms prmibc`hs gc bh gjstrjiunjþo. Qmr csm, bh mirh gc ^tmoc cs nhsj uo jonuohibc. Cb prmibc`h gcb bjirc fbulm gc bh jofmr`hnjþo om cs ockhtjvm üojnh`cotc pmr bh tcrkjvcrshnjþo y bh `hojpubhnjþo gc bhs omtjnjhs. Bm ]cs th`ijêo pmr cb gcscqujbjirjm. Cb 51 pmr njcotm gc bhs jofmr`hnjmocs quc njrnubho co cb `uogm prmvjcoco gc bhs nuhtrm trhosohnjmohbcs. Cb 91 pmr njcotm rcsthotc nmrrcspmogc prjonjphb`cotc h hkconjhs `comrcs. Cb `js`m pmrncothlc jolustm sc `hotjcoc co nuhotm hb mrjkco gc bhs jofmr`hnjmocs. Gc nhgh njco omtjnjhs, sþbm vcjotc prmncgco gcb * Ec`jsfcrjm ^ur, gmogc sc nmoncotrh nhsj cb ;1 pmr njcotm gc bh pmibhnjþo gcb `uogm. Bhs mtrhs mnecoth sc mrjkjoho co bms phàscs nhpjthbjsths nmo `coms gc bh tcrncrh phrtc gc bh pmibhnjþo.

 

Fucrh gc bhs nuhtrm trhosohnjmohbcs gc bh jofmr`hnjþo, cxjstco vhrjhs hkconjhs gc omtjnjhs, nm`m bh WH^^ gc bh Sojþo ^mvjêtjnh, bh csphømbh CFClh nmmpcrhtjvh jthbjhoh  HO^H,  ou`crmshs hkconjhs ohnjmohbcs, y sc buneh pmr nmosmbjghr mtrhs hbtcrohtjvhs y gc ojvcb jotcrohnjmohb,, nm`m bh nmmpcrhtjvh gc pcrjmgjsths Jotcr Qrcss ^crvjnc (JQ^), nmo scgc co Ym`h4 jotcrohnjmohb bh nuihoh Qrcosh Bhtjoh  (QYCBH)  y]cb Qmmb gc 'Hkcoghs gc Qhàscs Om Hbjochgms, nrchgh pmr cb @mvj`jcotm gc phàscs Om Hbjochgms, prcnjsh`cotc phrh gcfcogcr, gc hbkuoh `hocrh, bms jotcrcscs gc bms gms tcrnjms gc bh pmibhnjþo `uogjhb frcotc h bh hkrcsjþo y h bh gcsjofmr`hnjþo gc bhs trhosohnjmohbcs.L@jokuoh gc csths hkconjhs, oj bh uojþo gc tmghs cbbhs cstèo co pmsjijbjghg gc nm`pctjr sjqujcrh nmo uoh smbh gc bhs nuhtrm trhosohnjmohbcs pmr cb pmgcràm cnmoþ`jnm quc bhs rcsphbgh, pmr su hbth tcnombmkàh co cb prmncsh`jcotm y co bh trhos`jsjþo gc sus omtjnjhs y pmr bh jgcotjghg gc jotcrcscs nmo bh `hymràh gc bms `cgjms gc nm`uojnhnjþo bmnhbcs quc "nmostjtuyco sus `crnhgms rcncptmrcs cxnbusjvms. Cxjstc uoh rhzþo hgjnjmohb< bhs thrjfhs phrh bh trhos`jsjþo gc bhs omtjnjhs om smo cqujthtjvhs phrh tmghs bhs hkconjhs, co ojoküo `cgjm gc tcbcnm`uojnhnjþo< om bm fuc nmo cb nhibc sui`hrjom nbèsjnm, gc hbh`irc gc nmirc4 om bm cs hemrh quc cstè sjcogm rcc`pbhzhgm pmr fjirh þptjnh4 om bm cs p pmr mr bh vàh shtêbjtc4 y th`pmnm smo gc bjirc gjspmojijbjghg hbkuohs gc bhs oucvhs tcnombmkàhs. Cb pmgcr gcb j`pcrjm y gc sus smnjms cs cs gctcr`johotc. Bhs thrjfhs gc trhos`jsjþo, pmr nuhbqujcr vàh, gcsgc cb Ec`jsfcrjm Omrtc, gmogc cstèo bhs ncotrhbcs gc bhs nuhtrm trhosohnjmohbcs, ehgh cb sur cs ihsthotc rcgunjgh.Co nh`ijm bhs thrjfhs gc sur h omrtc, supcrho co `ès gcb gmibc h bhs gc scotjgm nmotrhrjm. Cstm sc pucgc nm`prmihr nmo cb covàm gc tcbcfhx, nhibcs y bbh`hghs tcbcfþojnhs. Cb gm`jojm gc bhs trhosohnjmohbcs gc bh jofmr`hnjþo co cb `uogm mnnjgcothb y co bh `hymr phrtc gcb Wcrncr @uogm cs gctcr`johgm fuogh`cothb`cotc, hgc`ès gc bms mtrms fhntmrcs, pmr bh nm`pbjnjghg gc bms krupms gc pmgcr prmpjcthrjms gc bms `cgjms bmnhbcs gc nm`u- ojnhgþo, scho êstms rhgjms, pcrjþgjnms m csthnjmocs gc tcbcvjsjþo. ^jo cbbms om scràh tho prcpmogcrhotc cb `mompmbjm. Bh tènjth cxnbusjvjghg cstè, hgc`ès, pcrfcnth y sþbjgh`cotc h`hrrhgh pmr bhs trhosohnjmohbcs gc bh puibjnjghg. Co H`êrjnh Bhtjoh, nmo cxncpnjþo.gc Nuih, `uy pmnhs c`jsmrhs y pcrjþgjnms gjfuogco jofmr`hgmocs gc WH^^, QYCBH, jps þ gc mtrh hkconjh hbtcrohtjvh. Qmr csm, pmnhs vcncs bms bcntmrcs tjcoco bh mtrh vcrsjþo gc bms hnmotcnj`jcotms, bh mtrh nhrh gc bh `mocgh.

 

^cràh j`pmrthotc, pmr clc`pbm, nmomncr smirc bh Qcrcstrmjdh, om sþbm pmr bh vcrsjþo gc bh omrtch`crjnhoh  HQ,  sjom pmr bh gc bms prmpjms prmthkmojsths h trhvês gc WH^^.  Ycnjêo co csc nhsm, pmgràh csthibcncrsc uo ihbhonc y hprmxj`hnjþo h bh vcrghg. Gc bm quc suncgc co Nuih m Ojnhrhkuh, sþbm cxjstc bh vcrsjþo prmphbhgh pmr bms coc`jkms nmofcsms gc csms gms phàscs. ^hbvm hbküo pcrjþgjnm hbtcrohtjvm, ojoküo mtrm gc krho njrnubhnjþo co cb nmotjocotc puibjnh bm quc gjnco QYCBH m bh hkconjh Oucvh Ojnhrhkuh.  Ojnhrhkuh.  Lh`ès co H`êrjnh Bhtjoh sc puibjnþ uoh smbh omtjnjh gc bh hkconjh vjctoh`jth VCOQYC^^.  Sojnh`cotc bms jofmr`cs gcb hkrcsmr, ouonh gcb hkrcgjgm. Ojoküo pcrjþgjnm, rhgjm m tcbcvjsjþo gcb nmotjocotc gjfuogc lh`ès uoh smbh jofmr`hnjþo gjstrjiujgh krhtujth`cotc h bhs rcghnnjmocs pmr cb Qmmb gc  Hkco  Hk conj njhs hs gc bms bms Qhàs Qhàscs cs Om Hbjo Hbjoch chgm gms, s,   oj pmr cbc`cothb smbjghrjghggc scr sus ehijthotcs, jotckrhotcs nm`m tmgms bms bhtjomh`crjnhoms, gcb Wcrncr @uogm .j_s rcspmoshibcs gc bh scnnjþo jotcrohnjmohb gc csms `cgjms, om sc `mbcstho sjqujcrh co hirjr bms smircs gc bh nmrrcspmogconjh. Bms hrrmlho h bh ihsurh thb nm`m bbckho, mrkubbmsms y fcbjncs gc scrvjr, h trhvês gc sus phtrmocs, h bhs trhosohnjmohbcs trhosohnjmo hbcs y, co übtj`h josthonjh, h sus nmbmojzhgmrcs.

Nmrtjoh gc sjbconjm smirc cb OM@JN Nuhogm sc jojnjhrmo bms gcihtcs smirc nm`uojnhnjþo smnjhb co bh SOC^NM,  bms vmncrms gcb sjstc`h omrtch`crjnhom pbhotchrmo nm`m vèbjgh, josustjtujibc c jogjsnutjibc bh hntuhb sjtuhnjþo. Gcfjojcrmo cb bjirc fbulm gc bh jofmr`hnjþo nm`m bh bjicrthg gc prcosh h csnhbh jotcrohnjmohb. Cs gcnjr, bh bjicrthg gc c`prcsh quc cokbmih cotrc sus prmguntms, h bh omtjnjh nm`m uoh `crnhonàh `ès. Gcsgc bms prj`crms `m`cotms gcb krho gcihtc cb bjirc fbulm fuc rcihtjgm pmr bms cstugjmsms quc hspjrhiho y gcfcogàho cb csthibcnj`jcotm gc uo Oucvm Xrgfjfb @uogjhb gc bh Jofmr`hnjþo y gc bh Nm`uojnhnjþo (OM@JN).  Bms vmncrms gc bh pmbàtjnh omrtch`crjnhoh, nhrcotcs gc hrku`cotms, mpthrmo pmr gms nh`joms< cb prj`crm nmosjstjþ co nmovcrtjr cb gcihtc co nbhogcstjom. Bh5 hkconjhs trhosohnjmohbcs gc Jofmr`hnjmocs om vmbvjcrmo h

 

mnuphrsc gcb hsuotm. Bms pcrjþgjnms gc H`êrjnh Bhtjoh -`hymrjth- rjh`cotc hfjbjhgms h bh ^mnjcghg Jotcrh`crjnhoh gc Qrcosh-, co uoh prucih gc scrvjbjs`m h bh pmbàtjnh cxtcrjmr omrtch`crjnhoh, om puibjnhrmo ojokuoh jofmr`hnjþo quc rcnmkjcrh bms hrku`cotms gc bms tcþrjnms gcb OM@JN. Jkuhb`cotc csnmogjcrmo co sus pèkjohs y co bhs Jofmr`hnjmocs gc rhgjm m tcbcvjsjþo cb trhth`jcotm gc cstc tc`h, gjsnutjgm co bhs rcuojmocs gcb @mvj`jcotm gc Qhàscs Om Hbjochgms y co bhs Ohnjmocs Sojghs. ^hbvm bms cxpcrtms, cstugjmsms y phrtjnjphotcs, phrtjnjphotc s, gcb tc`h gcb OM@JN om sc cotcrhrmo oj bms lcfcs gc rcghnnjþo gc bms `cgjms jofmr`htjvms. Cb sckuogm nh`jom nmosjstjþ co uoh nh`phøh krmscrh`cotc nhbu`ojmsh ‒nmotrh bms jotcotms gcb nm`uojs`m phrh csthtjzhr bms locgjms‐ y nmotrh bh SOC^NM nm`m ‒cotjghg

gm`johgh pmr cb nm`uoàsj`m jotcrohnjmohb‐. ^cküo bhs vcrsjmocs, hismbuth`cotc fhbhncs y gcsjofmr`hgmrhs, bh bjicrthg gc cxprcsjþo csthih sjcogm h`cohzhgh gcsgc bh SOC^NM.  C^M fuc bm üojnm quc sc cotcrhrmo bms lcfcs gc rcghnnjþo gc bms `cgjms y bh mpjojþo püibjnh. @m`cotm prcnjsm phrh quc bms kmijcroms gc Csthgms Sojgms y bh Krho Ircthøh ‒phrh shbvhr bh bjicrthg gc prcosh co cb `uogm‐- rctjrhrho su phrtjnjphnjþo cnmoþ`jnh gc bh SOC^NM,  hsncogcotc hb >1% gc su prcsupucstm. ^c rctjrþ th`ijêo ^jokhpur y mtrms h`cohzhrmo sckujr cb clc`pbm. Gcspuês gc gms høms houonjhrmo quc vmbvcràho h bh mrkhojzhnjþo nuhogm sc bcs hsckurþ quc cb scømr H`hgmu @hethr @‚Imw om scràh `ès su

gjrcntmr kcocrhb, pcrm h nmogjnjþo quc bh SOC^NM imrrhrh phrh sjc`prc cb tc`h gcb OM@JN gc su hkcogh. Cb oucvm gjrcntmr kcocrhb, cb fhr`hnêutjnm csphømb Fcgcrjnm @hymr, nu`pbc h bh pcrfcnnjþo y gjsnjpbjohgh`cotc cb rmb hsjkohgm. ^u cbcnnjþo sc bmkrþ `cgjhotc cb nehothlc cnmoþ`jnm hb quc sunu`ijcrmo `unems phàscs gcb Wcrncr @uogm y gcb @mvj`jcotm gc Qhàscs Om Hbjochgms, nm`m cb kmijcrom gcb Gr. Hbho Khrnàh gcb Qcrü, quc co cb @mvj`jcotm Om Hbjochgm vmtþ h fhvmr gcb OM@JN y co bh SOC^NM co nmotrh. Co csc `m`cotm sc hnhiþ bh buneh, h csc ojvcb, pmr bh gcsnmbmojzhnjþo jofmr`htjvh. Qcrm om fucrmo bms kmijcroms nm`uojsths, sjom bms bhtjomh`crjnhoms bms prj`crms co ghr bh vmz gc hbhr`h pmr cb jolustm mrgco co bh jofmr`hnjþo jotcrohnjmohb. Jotcbcntuhbcs csthgmuojgcoscs y bhtjomh`crjnhoms nmosnjcotcs gcb fcoþ`com hb quc nmosjgcrhrmo ocmnmbm- ojhbjsth, fucrmo bms pjmocrms co bh jovcstjkhnjþo gc bhs cstrunturhs gc bh nm`uojnhnjþo smnjhb.

 

Co bh rcuojþo gc nhonjbbcrcs gcb Qhntm Hogjom, rchbjzhgh co Bj`h co 8:;9 sc csthibcnjþ quc ‒bms `hymrcs vmbü`cocs gc jofmr`hnjmocs quc njrnubho co bms phàscs gcb Hnucrgm gc

Nhrthkcoh sc prmncsho fucrh gc bh rckjþo". Cb prcsjgcotc Nhrbms Hogrês Qêrcz gurhotc su prj`cr `hoghtm, gcouonjþ co uoh nmofcrconjh gc pcrjmgjsths rchbjzhgh co ^ho Nrjstþihb, csthgm gc Wènejrh, quc bhs hkconjhs SQJ y HQ ehiàho gjstmrsjmohgm bhs jofmr`hnjmocs smirc bms phàscs hogjoms, trhthogm gc nrchr c joncotjvhr rjvhbjghgcs y gcsnmofjhozhs phrh cvjthr bh nrchnjþo gcb Qhntm ^uirckjmohb Hogjom. ^j`ubtèoch`cotc, bh prcmnuphnjþo pmr cb gm`jojm jofmr`htjvm y nubturhb fmrèocm sc `hojfcstþ co vhrjms phàscs gc Hfrjnh y Hsjh. Co 8:;>, nuhogm cb Om Hbjoch`jcotm tcoàh yh ncrnh gc :1 phàscs `jc`irms, sc tm`þ nmonjconjh pbcoh gc bh sjtuhnjþo. Co su rcuojþo Nu`irc, gc lcfcs gc Csthgm y gc kmijcrom, co Hrkcb, sc pbhotcþ pmr prj`crh vcz bh ocncsjghg gc bunehr pmr uoh cstrunturh `ès gc`mnrètjnh y cqujbjirhgh gc bh jofmr`hnjþo. Bh `hymràh gc bms kmijcroms gcsnmomnàho bh rchbjghg gc bms gc`ès4 sjo c`ihrkm, tmgms cbbms scotàho cb prcgm`jojm jofmr`htjvm y nubturhb gc bhs pmtconjhs nhpjthbjsths quc prctcogàho nmovcrtjr hb Wcrncr @uogm co sj`pbc `crnhgm gc nmosu`m, hbjcohgm pmr uoh nubturh y nmstu`ircs hlcohs pmr nm`pbctm h bh suyh.. Cb gcsnmomnj`jcotm `utum gc bms phàscs `jc`irms gcb OM- HB,  fuc htrjiujgm, pmr nmoscosm, hb ecnem jogughibc quc bh nm`uojnhnjþo hntuhb cs cb bckhgm gcb phshgm nmbmojhb. Gc cstc gcihtc om sc cotcrhrmo bh `hymràh gc bms pucibms gc H`êrjnh Bhtjoh, sconjbbh`cotc pmrquc om sc gcgjnþ oj uoh bàoch co bms bbh`hgms krhogcs pcrjþgjnms, oj uo sckuogm co bh tcbcvjsjþo m bh rhgjm. Fuc nm`m sj bh rcuojþo gc ncrnh gc :1 lcfcs gc Csthgm y gc kmijcrom om sc euijcrh rchbjzhgm m om nmostjtuycrhh omtjnjh. nmostjtuycr Jkuhb gcstjom tuvjcrmo bms gcihtcs gc bh rcuojþo gc bh SOC^NM co Nmsth Yjnh, co lubjm gc 8:;6, bhs ou`crmshs rcuojmocs gc nhonjbbcrcs y bhs nu`ircs gcb @mvj`jcotm Om Hbjochgm. Om `coms gc njco nmokrcsms, sc`johrjms, fmru`s y nmovcrshtmrjms sc eho rchbjzhgm co cb `uogm, phrh gcihtjr cb mrgco jotcrohnjmohb gc bh jofmr`hnjþo gurhotc csms høms. Soms, pmr mrkhojzhnjmocs kuicroh`cothbcs kuicroh`cothbcs y om kuicroh`cothbcs huspjnjhghs m om pmr bh SOC^NM. Bh prmpjh mrkhojzhnjþo gc bhmOS phrh bh njconjh y bh nubturh nmovmnþ om `coms gc gjcz nmofcrconjhs< co Nmsth Yjnh, gms vcncs co 8:;6 y 8:;:, Ohjrmij, Qhràs, Imkmtè, Bjirc- vjbbc, Icbkrhgm y mtrhs nhpjthbcs.

 

Co gjnjc`irc gc 8:;;, nm`m nub`johnjþo gc uo bhrkm gcihtc smirc bh jofmr`hnjþo y su ocncshrjh hbtcrohtjvh ihshgh co uo oucvm mrgco jofmr`htjvm jotcrohnjmohb, bh SOC^NM om`irþ bh Nm`jsjþo @hn Irjgc jotckrhgh pmr 86 `jc`irms gc bms sjkujcotcs phàscs< Csthgms Sojgms, Frhonjh, \hjrc, Jogmocsjh, Wüocz. Lhpþo, Ojkcrjh, Zukmcsbhvh, Sojþo ^mvjêtjnh, Ckjptm, Nejbc, Nhohgè, Jogjh y Nmbm`ijh. Ycprcscotþ h cstc übtj`m phàs, cb csnrjtmr Khirjcb Khrnàh @èrqucz. Co bh Nm`jsjþo @hn Irjgc cstuvjcrmo rcprcscothotcs gc bhs gms nmrrjcotcs co pukoh. Cb jofmr`c gc gjneh nm`jsjþo fuc, co nmoscnuconjh, gc trhoshnnjþo gc h`ihs pmsjnjmocs, phrh bmkrhr cb nmoscosm. ^jo c`ihrkm, gcsgc cb `m`cotm co quc sc nmofmr`þ bh nm`jsjþo bms gjhrjms quc micgcnco bhs nmosjkohs trhos`jtjghs pmr jotcr`cgjm gc bh ^mnjcghg Jotcrh`crjnhoh gc Qrcosh, gcgjnhrmo sus pèkjohs, om phrh gjvubkhr, gjsnutjr m cxpbjnhr bhs nucstjmocs co pukoh, sjom phrh gcsprcstjkjhr y hthnhr h bh Nm`jsjþo @hn Irjgc c j`pcgjr su fuonjmoh`jcotm. Ouonh hotcs, ojokuoh cotjghg om`irhgh pmr Ohnjmocs Sojghs `crcnjþ uoh nh`phøh nmoncrthgh, nm`m bh quc hnmsþ h bh nm`jsjþo conhrkhgh gc cstugjhr bh prmibc`ètjnh gc bh nm`uojnhnjþo. ^jo ojoküo rcspctm pmr bh nhbjghg jotcbcntuhb y `mrhb gc sus jotckrhotcs, bms `mstrhrmo hotc bh mpjojþo püibjnh nm`m h uo krupm pmgcrmsm gc coc`jkms gc bh bjicrthg gc prcosh gjspucstms h bjqujghr cb shnrmshotm y prj`cr gcrcnem gcb em`irc. Gurhotc bh nh`phøh, ouonh sc cxpbjnjtþ cb tc`h co gjsnusjþo. ^j`pbc`cotc fucrmo hthqucs nmo prcsnjogconjh gc susthotjvms y hiuoghonjh gc hglctjvms. Bm `ès suhvc quc sc gjlm fuc quc ‒tms `jc`irms gc bh Nm`jsjþo @hn Irjgc csthiho hb scrvjnjm gc msnurms jotcrcscs gcstjohgms h hnhihr nmo bh `hymr nmoqujsth gc bh eu`hojghg‐.   H pcshr gcb nbj`h hgvcrsm, bms prmpjms rcprcscothotcs gc Csthgms Sojgms y Frhonjh tuvjcrmo quc hg`jtjr bm csconjhb gc bhs milcnjmocs pbhotchghs pmr bms phàscs gcb @mvj`jcotm Om Hbjochgm< bh cxjstconjh gc uo gcscqujbjirjm jofmr`htjvm h fhvmr gc bhs pmtconjhs mnnjgcothbcs, co pcrlujnjm gc tms phàscs co vàhs gc gcshrrmbbm. Bms `jc`irms gc bh nm`jsjþo sc pusjcrmo jkuhb`cotc gc hnucrgm co 59 rcnm`coghnjmocs quc rcvcbho bh cxjstconjh gc uoh jolusth cstrunturh gc bh nm`uojnhnjþo jotcrohnjmohb. Cb jofmr`c gc bh Nm`jsjþo @hn Irjgc fuc prcscothgm co bh xxj Nmofcrconjh Kcocrhb gc bh SOC^NM,  ncbcirhgh co Icbkrhgm, nmo bh phrtjnjphnjþo gc rcprcscothotcs gc 831 phàscs. Bms gcbckhgms gc Csthgms Sojgms, hb hg`jtjr cb gcscqujbjirjm Jofmr`htjvm, iusnhrmo uo

 

phbjhtjvm quc om `mgjfjnh bh sjtuhnjþo< mfrcnjcrmo -co nm`pcoshnjþo- nmbhimrhr nmo hscsmràh tênojnh y hbkuoms cqujpms gc sus smirhotcs pmr mismbcsnconjh, phrh hyughr h bms phàscs quc gcscco `clmrhr sus nm`uojnhnjmocs. Co cb jofmr`c @hn Irjgc sc nmosthth quc bms nh`joms gc bhs jofmr`hnjmocs gcsgc su hnmpbm ehsth sus gcstjoms fjohbcs, smo bms `js`ms quc trhosjthrmo tms j`pcrjms ehnjh sus nmbmojhs. Bhs nm`uojnhnjmocs sc nmovjcrtco gc csth `hocrh co vcrtjnhbcs y uojgjrcnnjmohbcs. Cs gcnjr, ncotrhbjzhghs co cb Omrtc y gjrjkjghs hb ^ur, gmogc cstèo bms ncotcohrcs m `jbcs gc `jbbmocs gc nmosu`jgmrcs gc cshs omtjnjhs. Csth cs bh rhzþo pmr bh nuhb tms ehijthotcs gcb Ec`jsfcrjm ^ur csth`ms hb þrocotc gc 8m quc suncgc co bhs krhogcs urics mnnjgcothbcs, pcrm nm`m bh nm`uojnhnjþo om cs emrjzmothb, gcsnmomnc`ms bh rchbjghg gc bm quc hnmotcnc co oucstrm prmpjm ec`jsfcrjm, shbvm kmbpcs gc Csthgm, tcrrc`mtms u mtrm tjpm gc nhtèstrmfcs. Qmr cstc sjstc`h gc jofmr`hnjmocs, co cb rcstm gcb `uogm om shico, pmr clc`pbm, quc Qcrü, Imbjvjh y Nmbm`ijh smo `ès quc prmguntmrcs y trhfjnhotcs gc nmnhàoh, y quc Hfrjnh cs th`ijêo `ès quc Jgj H`ào Ghgh m Imdhssh. Bhs nuhtrm hkcoghs oms ehnco vcr su `uogm gcshrrmbbhgm, pcrm oms csnmogco tms prmncsms, bh buneh m bhs nmoqujsths gc bms pucibms gcb Wcrncr @uogm pmr shbjr gcb suigcshrrmbbm. Oms eho nmovcrtjgm co nmosu`jgmrcs cxnbusjvms gc sus jofmr`hnjmocs. ^þbm bcc`ms y csnuneh`ms uoh vcrsjþo uojbhtcrhb c jotcrcshgh gc bms hnmotcnj`jcotms y uoh smbh nubturh< bh gcb phàs gm`johotc quc, hgc`ès om cs nubturh, sjom uoh "suinubturh gc purm nmosu`m, nmotrhrjh hb pburhbjs`m y quc trhihlh h bh smgcghg nm`m `hsh‐7. Bms `jc`irms gc bh nm`jsjþo csthibcnjcrmo bh tcogconjh gc bh nm`uojnhnjþo trhosohnjmohb h‒prmycnthruo `mgcbm smnjhb quc jofbuyc co bh fmr`hnjþo gc bh mpjojþo

püibjnh y co bms vhbmrcs pmbàtjnms4 cb fm`cotm gc uo `mgcbm `uogjhb`cotc uojfmr`c gc nm`pmrth`jcotm gc tms nmosu`jgmrcs4 bh rcpcrnusjþo co bh `mvjbjghg smnjhb y co bms prmycntms gc gcshrrmbbm, thotm jogjvjguhbcs nm`m nmbcntjvms4 bh gjfjnubthg co bms csfucrzms quc rchbjzho bms phàscs co gcshrrmbbm phrh nmosmbjghr su Jogcpcogconjh pmbàtjnh y nubturhb y @

khrhotjzhr su smicrhoàh . Co cb Jofmr`c @hn Irjgc sc smstjcoc quc< "Cb pmgcr jofmr`htjvm pcrtcocnc h `cougm h uoh `jomràh prmpjcthrjh prmpjcthrjh gc bms jostru`cotms jostru`cotms gc nm`uojnhnjþo, y cb fbulm gc bms `coshlcs sc mrkhojzh co fmr`h vcrtjnhb. Hb micgcncr h uoh gjrcnnjþo uojbbochb, bms `cgjms gc nm`uojnhnjþo

 

smnjhb trhos`jtco h uo püibjnm quc, co su jo`cosh `hymràh, om conucotrh co cbbms cb rcfbclm gc sus fmr`hs gc vjgh y sus hspjrhnjmocs, bms vhbmrcs y bhs omr`hs quc cb krupm gm`johotc cstj`h `ès hgcnuhgms phrh khrhotjzhr bh supcrvjvconjh. H `cougm, cstc `coshlc sc j`pmoc gcsgc hrrjih h uo püibjnm rcncptmr nuyh phrtjnjphnjþo om sc iusnh, co `mgm hbkuom, y nuyh phsjvjghg sc fm`coth, co nh`ijm. Hemrh ijco, bms `cgjms gc jofmr`hnjþo krupms‐3. pucgco clcrncr th`ijêo cfcntms gc gcsjotckrhnjþo smirc bms jogjvjgums y bms Csthibcnjgh, sjo bukhr h gughs, bh cxjstconjh gc uoh nmoncotrhnjþo gcb pmgcr gc jofmr`hnjþo `uogjhb pmr nuhtrm trhosohnjmohbcs, sc prmiþ hsj`js`m bh fhbth gc cqujghg, rcnjprmnjghg y cqujbjirjm co cb bjirc fbulm gc bh jofmr`hnjþo. Bh gcsprmpmrnjþo cotrc bhs omtjnjhs rcfcrjghs hb Ec`jsfcrjm Omrtc co rcbhnjþo h bhs gcb ^ur, smo hijs`hbcs. Om sc trhth sþbm gc bh sj`pbc scbcnnjþo y rcgunnjþo, sjom gc bh gcfmr`hnjþo, fhbsjfjnhnjþo, tcrkjvcrshnjþo tcrkjvcrshn jþo y `hojpubhnjþo h bh quc smo sm`ctjghs bhs omtjnjhs. Bhs vcrsjmocs smirc bms hnmotcnj`jcotms smo pcr`hocotc`cotc gjstmrsjmohghs co bhs ncotrhbcs gc hnucrgm h sus bàochs cstrhtêkjnhs. Om tjcoco nm`m fjohbjghg bh jotckrhnjþo sjom, pmr cb nmotrhrjm, bh gcsjotckrhnjþo gc bms phàscs co vàhs gc gcshrrmbbm. Cstèo gcstjohghs h uojfmr`jzhroms co bh hncpthnjþo gcb sjstc`h nhpjthbjsth y co nmovcrtjroms co hrquctjpms gcb nmosu`js`m. Bms cxpcrtms quc phrtjnjphrmo co bh nm`jsjþo @hn Irjgc, nhbjfjnhrmo hb bjirc fbulm m bjirc njrnubhnjþogcbh jofmr`hnjþo nm`m *lh gcpcogconjh gc uoms h mtrms, gc bms `ès h lms `coms y bh gm`johnjþo gc uoms pmnms h tmgmslms gc`ès‐. Cojjrhs_hbhdths_hàjt_  Ljicrthg gc bms rjnms om cs sjom cb rcvcrsm gc bh `cghbbh gc lh gcpco- gcønàhgc jms `ès pmircs‐.  Qhrh tcocr uoh jgch hprmxj`hgh gcb pmgcr gc nmovconj`jcotm gc bh jofmr`hnjþo `mompmbjzhgh smirc oucstrhs `cotcs, sc nm`phrh nmo bh fmr`hnjþo quc ec`ms rcnjijgm co cb pcràmgm csnmbhr. Bms pbhocs y prmkrh`hs gc cstugjm trhzhgms pmr bhs hutmrjghgcs rcspmoshibcs rcspmoshib cs gc bh cgunhnjþo co oucstrms rcspcntjvms phàscs y su hpbjnhnjþo pmr oucstrms prmfcsmrcs, `mbgchrmo oucstrms nmomnj`jcotms y oms gjcrmo mrjcothnjþo y nm`prcosjþo gc bh vjgh4 oms jonubnhrmo sjstc`hs gc pcosh`jcotm. Bms `cgjms gc nm`uojnhnjþo tjcoco smirc omsmtrms uo j`phntm `ès cfcntjvm phrh em`mkcocjzhr oucstrhs hntjtugcs y oucstrm pcosh`jcotm, om sþbm pmr cb tjc`pm quc bc gcgjnh`ms h su htconjþo, oj pmr bh fmr`h vmbuothrjh nm`m oms hncrnh`ms h cbbh, nm`m

818

 

uo eèijtm -Eckcb gjlm quc bh ‒bcnturh gcb gjhrjm cs bh pbckhrbh `htutjoh gcb em`irc `mgcrom"-, sjom pmr bh htrhnnjþo `hymr gc bms mtrms `cgjms, nm`m bh rhgjm y bh tcbcvjsjþo co bhs quc sc hbtcroho jofmr`hnjþo y cotrctcoj`jcotm. cotrctcoj`jcotm.

So høm hotcs gc bh fmr`hnjþo gc bh Nm`jsjþo @hn Irjgc, SOC^NM,  co su xx Nmofcrconjh Kcocrhb rchbjzhgh co Qhràs, ehiàh hprmihgm pmr nmoscosm uoh gcnbhrhnjþo quc sc nmosjgcrh ejstþrjnh, smirc bh ‒Nmotrjiunjþo gc bms `cgjms gc

nm`uojnhnjþo `hsjvh hb fmrthbcnj`jcotm gc bh phz y cb cotcogj`jcotm cotrc bhs ohnjmocs‐. Co su hrtànubm prj`crm gjnc< ‒Cb fmrthbcnj`jcom gc bh phz y gc bh nm`prcosjþo nm`prcosjþ o jotcrohnjmohb, bh prm`mnjþo gc bms gcrcnems eu`homs, bh buneh nmotrh cb rhnjs`m, cb hphrtecjg y bh jonjthnjþo h bh kucrrh cxjkco uoh njrnubhnjþo bjirc, uoh gjfusjþo `ès h`pbjh y cqujbjirhgh gc bh jofmr`hnjþo". Co mtrm gc sus hrtànubms csthibcnc quc ‒gc hnucrgm hb cspàrjtu gc bh Gcnbhrhnjþo, bc jonu`ic h bh nm`uojghg

jotcrohnjmohb cb gcicr gc nmotrjiujr h nrchr bhs nmogjnjmocs gc uo bjirc fbulm y uoh gjvubkhnjþo `ès h`pbjh y cqujbjirhgh gc bh jofmr`hnjþo, hsà nm`m bhs nmogjnjmocs gc prmtcnnjþo gc bms pcrjmgjsths y mtrms trhihlhgmrcs gc bh nm`uojnhnjþo co cb nu`pbj`jcotm gc su `jsjþo‐.  Csth gcnbhrhnjþo gc SOC^NM y cb Jofmr`c @hn Irjgc, h pcshr gc su hprmihnjþo pmr nmoscosm, rcnmomnàho cxpbànjth`cotc bh cxjstconjh gc uo gcscqujbjirjm jofmr`htjvm, pmr bm nuhb rcnm`coghrmo uoh gjfusjþo `ès h`pbjh y cqujbjirhgh, quc cs prcnjsh`cotc bh hspjrhnjþo gcb `ès gc ncotcohr gc ph,v,,v,cs quc emy jotckrho cb @mvj`jcotm Om Hbjochgm. Crh cvjgcotc, sjo c`ihrkm, quc thb pmsjnjþo nmbjsjmohih nmo bms jotcrcscs cstrhtêkjnms gc bh pmbàtjnh cxtcrjmr gc Csthgms Sojgms. H fhjth gc hrku`cotms, bms kmijcroms gc csc phàs y gc Krho Ircthøh, mpthrmo pmr cb nehothlc cnmoþ`jnm y bc pusjcrmo prcnjm h bh nhiczh gcb gjrcntmr gc bh SOC^NM, H`hgmu @hethr @‚Imw, nmo uoh nh`phøh gc  gcsprcstjkjm pcrsmohb nmo pjoncbhghs rhnjsths.. ^us gcscms eho sjgm nu`pbjgms y nmo cbbms sc eho shbvhgm bms sucbgms gc su frmogmsh y prjvjbckjhgh iurmnrhnjh. Cb OM@LN y ehsth cb tc`h gc bms `cgjms hbtcrohtjvms smo hemrh thiü co SOC^NM. Cb Oucvm Mrgco Jofmr`htjvm Jotcrohnjmohb cs uo hsuotm quc cb j`pcrjm prctcogc ehncr mbvjghr nmo bh fucrzh gc `jbbmocs gc gþbhrcs. Qcrm cb @mvj`jcotm gc Qhàscs Om Hbjochgms om sc rcogjrè, pmrquc gc

 

pmr `cgjm cstè c`honjphrsc gc su tcrncrh nmbmojzhnjþo. Csh cs bh rhzþo pmr bh nuhb bms `cgjms gc nm`uojnhnjþo hb scrvjnjm gcb j`pcrjm conucotrho oucvh`cotc shbughibc y gjkoh gc ehncr fjkurhr co sus csphnjms h bh SOC^NM,  co thotm quc cb OM- HB cs sjbconjhgm, nm`ihtjgm y gcsfjkurhgms sus hnucrgms. H pcshr quc co cb @mvj`jcotm Om Hbjochgm, pmr bh `ubtjpbjnjghg gc pmsjnjmocs pmbàtjnhs gc sus jotckrhotcs, bms hnucrgms sc tm`ho pmr nmoscosm y om pmr vmthnjþo, bh buneh pmr uo oucvm y cqujbjirhgm fbulm gc bh jofmr`hnjþo cs uoh ihogcrh jrrcouonjhibc. Qhrh cb Om Hbjoch`jcotm om sc trhth sþbm gc gcnbhrhnjmocs, sjom gc pbhotch`jcotms nmonrctms quc, gcsgc buckm, smo gcsnmomnjgms pmr `cgjh eu`hojghg co uoh gc`mstrhnjþo prèntjnh quc bh bjicrthg gc prcosh h ojvcb jotcrohnjmohb cs, hj jkuhb quc h ojvcb bmnhb, uo `jtm. Cb OM- HB buneh pmr nmosckujr bh smicrhoàh jofmr`htjvh4 pmr uoh rcgjstrjiunjþo gc bms csphnjms cbcntrm`hkoêtjnms, quc nmosjgcrho nm`m uo rcnursm ohturhb, ohnjmohb y bj`jthgm4 y pmr nmotrmbhr cb usm gc bms shtêbjtcs gc nm`uojnhnjþo. Cs pmsjibc quc sj sc j`pmoc csc nrjtcrjm co bh MOS,  cb prmycntm gc trhos`jtjr gcsgc cb nms`ms gjrcnth`cotc h bms emkhrcs gc tmgm cb `uogm, qucgc fcbjz`cotc truonhgm. ^c pbhotch jkuhb`cotc bh ocncsjghg gc hihogmohr cb nmoncptm nm`crnjhb gc bh omtjnjh y sustjtujrbh pmr cb gc scrvjnjm püibjnm m ijco smnjhb. Nmosjgcrho j`pcrhtjvm hgmpthr hbkuohs rcstrjnnjmocs smirc cb fuonjmoh`jcotm gc bhs nuhtrm trhosohnbmohbcs gc omtjnjhs y iusnhr co nmoluotm, gjspmsjtjvms quc hsckurco cb gcrcnem gc rcntjfjnhnjþo, phrh frcohr gc hbküo `mgm bh j`puojghg gc  HQ,  SQJ,  HFQ y Ycutcr.  Qhrh cb @mvj`jcotm Om Hbjochgm, cb bjirc fbulm gc bh jofmr`hnjþo gcic scr gc`mnrètjnm, `ubtjgjrcnnjmohb `ubtjgjrcnnjmo hb y cxcotm gc `mompmbjms. Nmo cb gcrcnem quc bcs hsjstc, cstms phàscs eho rcjtcrhgm su cxjkconjh quc cb tc`h gc bh nm`uojnhnjþo sch oucvh`cotc jonmrpmrhgm hb pbho gc `cgjhom pbhzm gc bh SOC^NM phrh cb pcràmgm 8::1-8::6, nmofmr`c bm eh sukcrjgm co mntuirc gc 8:5:, cb Nmosclm Clcnutjvm gc csc mrkhojs`m. Bms `cgjms gc jofmr`hnjþo nmotrmbhgms pmr cb j`pcrjm eho rchnnjmohgm co nhgcoh, rchntuhbjzhogm bh h`cohzh y cb nehothlc. ^j sc hnncgc hb pcgjgm gc bh `hymràh gc bms phàscs gcb Csthgms Iuse Sojgms Ircthøh om rctmrohrèo mrkhojs`m. Om fucrþo, sjoEc`jsfcrjm c`ihrkm, cb^ur, prcsjgcotc ojybhKrho prj`crh `jojstrh Weht- necrhbbms quc fmr`ubhrmo cb houonjm, sjom Kjmvhooj Kjmvhoojoj, prcsjgcotc gc bh Fcgcrhnjþo Jotcrohnjmohb gc Cgjtmrcs gc Qcrjþgjnms. ^c

 

su`hrmo h bh prmtcsth bms prcsjgcotcs gc JQJ y gc bh ^JQ.  Bh uojfmr`hgh y gjsnjpbjohgh prcosh bhtjomh`crjnhoh gcpcogjcotc gc bh ^JQ om csnhtj`þ cgjtmrjhbcs co bms quc, omtmrjh`cotc nu`pbjcogm gjrcntjvhs, rcpjtjcrmo bh nmosjkoh< ‒phrh quc bh SOC^NM rcnmirc su gjkojghg‐.  Nmo uoh smrprcogcotc fhnjbjghg phrh fhbthr h bh vcrghg, Kjmvhooj- oj gcnbhrþ quc cb hntuhb gjrcntmr gc SOC^NM, Fcgcrjnm @hymr, ‒gcicràh rcvcrtjr bhs pmbàtjnhs gcb hotcrjmr gjrcntmr kcocrhb, H`hgmu @hethr @'Imw, qujco j`pusm cb nmotrmb jotcrohnjmohb smirc pcrjmgjsths y rcstrjokjþ cb bjirc fbulm gc bh jofmr`hnjþo‐. Om cs pmsjibc supmocr quc cb prcsjgcotc gc bh

Fcgcrhnjþo Jotcrohnjmohb gc Cgjtmrcs gc Qcrjþgjnms jkomrc cb nmotcojgm y bms hbnhoncs gcb gcihtc rchbjzhgm smirc cb OM@JN9. Bh buneh pmr uo oucvm mrgco -gc bh jofmr`hnjþo y bh nm`uojnhnjþo-jovmbun bhs fucrzhs gc bh smnjcghg. Bh Jkbcsjh om pucgc pcr`hocncr hlcoh h csth buneh, pmrquc cbbh hsu`c phrtc gc bh rchbjghg gcb em`irc bhtjomh`crjnhom cxprcshgh co sus cspcrhozhs, sus bmkrms y sus frustrhnjmocs frustrhnjmo cs y gcic nmotrjiujr hb gcshrrmbbm y bh bjicrhnjþo gc bms pucibms.‐  Hotcrjmr`cotc, bms mijspms bhtjomh`crjnhoms rcuojgms co Qucibh, ehiàho scøhbhgm quc ‒bh nmoncotrhnjþo gc bms `cgjms gc nm`uojnh4- njþo co `homs gc krupms gc pmgcr pmbàtjnm, jgcmbþkjnm y cnmoþ`jnm y cb nmotrmb nhsj hismbutm y bh `hojpubhnjþo quc cbbms clcrnco co prmvcnem gc sus prmpjms jotcrcscs, c`pcøèogmsc co `hotcocr cb sthtu qum y cb mrgco vjkcotc gc gcpcogconjh-gm`johnjþo‐. Co Qucibh sc gcouonjþ quê cb ‒`mompmbjm gc bh jofmr`hnjþo, thotm gc phrtc gc bms kmijcroms nm`m gc phrtc gc krupms prjvhgms, pcr`jtc cb usm hrijtrhrjm gc bms `cgjms gc jofmr`hnjþo y gh bukhr h bh `hojpubhnjþo gc `coshlcs gc hnucrgm nmo bms jotcrcscs scntmrjhbcs. Cs phrtjnubhr`cotc krhvc cb `hoclm gc bh jofmr`hnjþo quc smirc oucstrms phàscs m nmo gcstjom h bms `js`ms ehnco c`prcshs trhosohnjmohbcs‐. Hsj`js`m sc scøhbþ quc ‒uom gc bms `hymrcs ghøms quc bh Jkbcsjh htrjiuyc hb sjstc`h vjkcotc, prmvjcoc gc

bh nmbmojzhnjþo nubturhb h trhvês gc bh cxncsjvh prmkrh`hnjþo cxtrholcrh co rhgjm y tcbcvjsjþo. Cstms prmkrh`hs prmgunco uoh trhosnuJturhnjþo om phrtjnjphtjvh c jonbusm gcstruntmrh gc vhbmrcs hutþntmoms‐.  Jkuhb`cotc, bh Hsmnjhnjþo @uogjhb gc bh Nm`uojnhnjþo Nrjstjhoh ([HNN)  eh rchbjzhgm gurhotc bms gjcz übtj`ms høms cstugjms smirc bh `htcrjh, nuyms rcsubthgms fucrmo puibjnhgms co cb gmnu`cotm Bms Qrjonjpjms Nrjstjhoms gc bh Nm`uojnhnjþo, nmjonjgcotc co kcocrhb nmo bh Gcnbhrhnjþo gc bh SOC^NM gc 8:;:, h pcshr gc scr cstc übtj`m gc nhrèntcr scnubhr y smnjhb y cb gc bh hsmnjhnjþo nrjstjhoh gc nhrèntcr tcmbþkjnm. Qhrh cb [HNN.  bh nm`uojnhnjþo gcicràh trhthr gc bjicrhr h bms pucibms y h bhs nubturhs gc bh mprcsjþo4 gcicràh hpmrthr su nmotrjiunjþo h csthibcncr uoh smnjcghg pbcoh`cotc cqujthtjvh, phrtjnjphtjvh y gc`mnrètjnh phrh h`ims scxms y phrh tmghs bhs nubturhs4 sj ijco cb fbulm gc bh jofmr`hnjþo cotrc bhs ohnjmocs y smnjcghgcs om gcic scr mistrujgm co ojoküo `mgm, pmr mtrh phrtc th`pmnm gcic ehncrsc uojbhtcrhb4

 

cs prcnjsm hsckurhr quc sch ijgjrcnnjmohb y ihbhonchgm4 bh nm`uojnhnjþo om gcicràh smfmnhr ojokuoh nubturh sjom quc gcic nmotrjiujr h su S^^hrfþbWm y hb `utum corjqucnj`jcotm gc tmghs bhs nubturhs4 bms pcrjmgjsths gcico kmzhr gc bh bjicrthg co cb clcrnjnjm gc su prmfcsjþo, pcrm pmr mtrh phrtc gcico nubtjvhr su scosjijbjghg ehnjh nhgh nubturh y cvjthr tmgh jofmr`hnjþo ctomnêotrjnh4 cb njughghom gcic tcocr hnncsm h bms sjstc`hs gc nm`uojnhnjþo4 cb pburhbjs`m, thotm co bm rcbhtjvm h bhs fucotcs gc bh jofmr`hnjþo nm`m co bm nmoncrojcotc h bh jofmr`hnjþo gjvubkhgh, gcic scr cb cbc`cotm csconjhb gc nhgh sjstc`h gc nm`uojnhnjþo gc`mnrètjnm‐5.

 

Nhpàtubm JV

BH KYHO JOGS^WYJH GC BH @COWJYH

"Gcspuês gc bh kucrrh, bms prcsjgcotcs gc bms gms  krhogc  krh ogcss phrtj phrtjgms gms h`c h`crjn rjnhom homss ehiàh ehiàho o scot scotjgm jgm bh ocncsjghg gc rchbjzhr mpcrhnjmocs scnrcths gcotrm gc csth zmoh krjs quc sc sjtüh cotrc bh gjpbm`hnjh rckubhr y bh jotcrvconjþo hr`hgh" hr`hgh" .   Ecrhy Djssjokcr

 

Cb @jojstcrjm gc Qrmphkhogh gcb j`pcrjm

Om sc rcqujcrc gc bh pcrspcntjvh gcb tjc`pm phrh jotujr cb hsm`irm nmo cb quc bms ejstmrjhgmrcs gcb futurm cstugjhrèo cb sjkbm xx, cspcnjhb`cotc su sckuogh `jthg. Qmr `unem quc hvhonc bh eu`hojghg, ehirè hg`jrhnjþo pmr cb hgcbhotm njcotàfjnmtênojnm gcshrrmbbhgm co cstms høms. Whb vcz cstc hspcntm sch vjstm nmo bh hg`jrhnjþo quc, nmo rcspcntm h bh nubturh, oms jospjrh cb Ycohnj`jcotm. Qcrm nmo sckurjghg, ehirè th`ijêo hsm`irm pmr bh jostjtunjmohbjzhnjþo gc bh `cotjrh, gcbjicrhgh`cotc pbhojfjnhgh nhtckmràh nm`m êtjnh gcnm`m uoh rcsphbgm cstrhtckjhhüoh gc gm`johnjþo. yBhcbcvhgh `cotjrhh hb scrvjnjm pmbàtjnh, gcb ‒ijco suprc`m‐, prctcogjgh supcrjmrjghg `mrhb y nm`m ruth cbckjgh phrh nu`pbjr uo ‒gcstjom `hojfjcstm‐. Bh `cotjrh gjsc`johgh smirc cb pbhocth, ehsth co sus `ès rcnþogjtms csnmogrjlms, utjbjzhogm y pmojcogm h su scrvjnjm, prcnjsh`cot prcnjsh`cotc, c, bms gcsnuirj`jcotms y bmkrms gc bh rcvmbunjþo njcotàfjnm-tênojnh. Cstè pmr csnrjijrsc tmghvàh bh ejstmrjh uojvcrshb gc bh `cotjrh, phrh bh nuhb `ès quc gc thbcotm sc rcqucrjrè gc nhphnjghg gc trhihlm phrh bh scbcnnjþo gc uo `htcrjhb tho hiuoghotc nm`m bh nhbjzh fêtjgh. H bh `cotjrh co bh nm`uojnhnjþo smnjhb, bms cxpcrtms y bms pmbàtjnms bh eho ihutjzhgm nmo uo om`irc `coms fcm< sc bbh`h gcsjofmr`hnjþo. Z êsth, h gjfcrconjh gc bhs `cotjrhs pjhgmshs m gc bhs `cotjrhs mfjnjmshs, om sc j`prmvjsh. Qmr cb nmotrhrjm, lh gcsjofmr`hnjþo cs bh `cotjrh `cgjthgh, gcbjicrhgh y `jounjmsh`cotc pbhojfjnhgh hotcs gc su gjvubkhnjþo, phrh bh nmoscnusjþo gc milctjvms pmbàtjnms tèntjnms y

883

 

cstrhtêkjnms. Bhs thrchs gc su cbhimrhnjþo y gjfusjþo, om cstèo nmofjhghs h uo `cotjgcrm nuhbqujcrh. Om smo bms kcrcotcs, clcnutjvms y hnnjmojsths gc bhs kjkhotcsnhs c`prcshs gc nm`uojnhnjþo bms üojnms conhrkhgms gcb `hoclm gc bh mpjojþo püibjnh oj cstèo gjvmrnjhgms gcb Csthgm. Qmr cb nmotrhrjm, cotrc cb kmijcrom y bhs trhosohnjmohbcs cxjstc uo `htrj`mojm jogjsmbuibc. Cb kmijcrom gc Omrtch`êrjnh cs cb kmijcrom gc bhs trhosohnjmohbcs. Bm quc cs iucom phrh uom., cs iucom phrh h`ims. Qmr csm, om smo üojnh`cotc mrkhojs`ms csththbcs bms quc jotcrvjcoco co bh nmbmojzhnjþo jofmr`htjvh. Co su nmoncpnjþo tèntjnh y cstrhtêkjnh phrtjnjpho, co prj`cr bukhr, cb nm`pbclm jogustrjhb `jbjthr, bms clcnutjvms gc bhs krhogcs trhosohnjmohbcs, bms scrvjnjms prmphkhogàstjnms gcb j`pcrjm nþ`m bh usjs, cb Gcphrth`cotm gc Csthgm, bh NÀH,,  bh Gjrcnnjþo gc Jotcbjkconjh gc bh ^cnrcthràh gc Gcfcosh. Nmo cbbms nmbhimrho ou`crmshs jostjtunjmocs, fuoghnjmocs, ncotrms gc cstugjm c jovcstjkhnjþo y mtrms, quc nmostjtuyco cb bbh`hgm ‒trust gc ncrcirms". Qhrh bh j`pbc`cothnjþo gcsjofmr`htjvh, hgc`ès gc tmgms bms `cgjms gc nm`uojnhnjþo y cotrctcoj`jcotm nmomnjgms, cxjstc uoh scrjc gc mrkhojzhnjmocs prjvhghs, nmokrckhnjmocs rcbjkjmshs, jkbcsjhs y scnths. Cxjstco mrkhojs`ms kuicroh`cothbcs, nmo phrtjnjphnjþo gc jo`cosms nmosmrnjms prjvhgms, gcstjohgms h cbhimrhr bh gcsjofmr`hnjþo, nm`m hr`h suprc`h y pmgcrmsh gc bh kucrrh psjnmbþkjnh phrh bh nmbmojzhnjþo `cothb. ^mo mrkhojs`ms quc sjo tcocr cb ojvcb gc `jojstcrjms m scnrcthrjhgms gc Csthgm gc bms Csthgms Sojgms, co bh prèntjnh bms supcrho co htrjiunjmocs. Cstms mrkhojs`ms clcnutho bms bjoj`jcotms y bhs gjrcntjvhs pmbàtjnhs gc bh gm`johnjþo. Wjcoco h su nhrkm cb gjscøm y Lh rcghnnjþo gc bhs nh`phøhs gcsjofmr`htjvhs. Nmotrmbho rhgjm, njoc, tcbcvjsjþo, hkconjhs omtjnjmshs, pcrjþgjnms, rcvjsths, co fjo, cb `ès kjkhotcsnm hphrhtm nm`uojnhnjmohb gcb pbhocth. Wjcoco h su scrvjnjm h c`prcshs trhosohnjmohbcs y th`ijêo h pcqucøþscjosmspcnehibcs `cgjms y h prmfcsjmohbcs, cspcnjhb`cotc pcrjmgjsths. ^mo sus gcpcogjcotcs -pmrquc bhs fjohonjho- mrkhojzhnjmocs hphrcotc`cotc bjircs nm`m bh fh`msh ^mnjcghg Jotcrh`crjnhoh gc Qrcosh (^JQ),  nmosjgcrhgh nm`m cb `ès cfjnjcotc jostru`cotm gjkjthgm pmr bh NÀH phrh H`êrjnh Bhtjoh. Gjrjkco bh fukh gc thbcotms gcsgc Curmph y gcb Wcrncr @uogm. Stjbjzho h fhs fuoghnjmocs y sus ncotrms gc jovcstjkhnjmocs smnjhbcs phrh cb cstugjm gc sus `crnhgms pmbàtjnms. Ychbjzho, co su`h, tmgm bm jogjspcoshibc phrh j`pmocr bh tcrncrh nmbmojzhnjþo. n mbmojzhnjþo.

886

 

Bh gjfcrconjh cotrc bh usjs y bh NÀH, rhgjnh co quc bh prj`crh rchbjzh hnnjmocs püibjnhs y bckhbcs co Csthgms Sojgms y co cb cxtcrjmr, huoquc tjcoc uo gmibc rmstrm phrh cfcntuhr hnnjmocs conuijcrths. Bh nàh, co nh`ijm, gcotrm y fucrh gc su phàs cstè cspcnjhbjzhgh co bhimrcs nbhogcstjohs y cs bh clcnutmrh gc bms prmycntms gc bh prj`crh. Qcrm h`ihs cotjghgcs sc gcgjnho prj`mrgjhb`cotc h bh j`pmsjnjþo gc uo `mgcbm nubturhb.

S^J^< prmycntjsth gc fhbhnjhs

Cb kmijcrom gcb prcsjgcotc Nèrtcr rcmrkhojzþ co 8:;; bms scrvjnjms jofmr`htjvms y nubturhbcs y nrcþ uo vcrghgcrm `jojstcrjm gc prmphkhogh gc Csthgms Sojgms, nm`m cb mrkhojs`m supcrjmr phrh gjrjkjr Hkcony bh nmbmojzhnjþo Wcrncr @uogm< Sojtcg ^thtcs Jotcrohtjmohb Nm`- `uojnhtjmo (usjnH mgcbsj`pbc`cotc jnH)bhquc ncotrhbjzþ ou`crmshs cotjghgcs co ihsc h bh hotjkuh .us.(.|y, cs bh rcspmoshibc gcobhs nm`uojnhnjmocs -jofmr`hnjþo y nubturh- gc bhljmòtjnh cxtcrjmr omrtch`crjnhoh. Co 8:59, cà prcsjgcotc Ychkho rcstjtuyþ hb mrkhojs`m su hotjkuh gcom `j ohnjþo< Sojtcg ^thtcs Jofmr`htjmo Hkcony nmo sus vjclhs sjkbhs usjs y bc gjm phrtjnjphnjþo pcr`hocotc co cb Nmosclm gc ^ckurjghg Ohnjmohb. Qhrh fmr`hrsc uoh jgch gc bh prjmrjghg quc bc hsjkoh cb kmijcrom omrtch`crjnhom hb nu`pbj`jcotm gc sus milctjvms gc gm`johnjþo nubturhbBusjs tjcoc uo,prcsupucstm cqujvhbcotc hnuhtrm vcncs, cb gclh uOksnm._c prcsu`c fuoghgh`cotc quc bh NÀH kmzh gc `hymrcs rcnursps, _Huoquc usjs om cs mfjnjhb`cotc uoh scnrcthràh m `jojstcrjm, co bh prèntjnh sà bm cs. ^u cqujvhbcotc `ès hprmxj`hgm cs cb `jojstcrjm gc prmphkhogh ohzj.`jc`irm ^u gjrcntmr thotm m `ès j`pmrthotc quc uo scnrcthrjm gc Csthgm. Clcrnc, nm`m gcbcsNmosclm Qrcsjgconjhb, bh hscsmràh gjrcnth gcb prcsjgcotc gc Csthgms Sojgms co `htcrjh gc jofmr`hnjþo y gc nubturh, ecrrh`jcoths ièsjnhs phrh bh gm`johnjþo. Cs, hb `js`m tjc`pm, `jc`irm gcb Nmosclm Ohnjmohb gc ^ckurjghg4 phrtjnjph nmo jkuhb nhtckmràh co bhs rcuojmocs gcb Qcotèkmom co hsuotms rcbhnjmohgms nmo su cspcnjhbjghg y cs rcprcscothotc mfjnjhb gc Csthgms Sojgms hotc kmijcroms, mrkhojs`ms y nmofcrconjhs jotcr-

88;

 

ohnjmohbcs. Nuhogm gcnjgc hsjstjr h bh uocsnm, hsu`c bh `èxj`h rcprcscothnjþo gc su phàs, pmr conj`h gcb c`ihlhgmr hnrcgjthgm. Qhrtjnjph, hb `ès hbtm ojvcb, co bhs gjsnusjmocs smirc bh pmbàtjnh jotcrohnjmohb gc csc phàs. Ssjs gctcr`joh su pmbàtjnh üojnh`cotc nmo cb Nmosclm Ohnjmohb gc ^ckurjghg, gcb quc fmr`h phrtc cb Qcotèkmom. ^us htrjiunjmocs smo `uy h`pbjhs< cbhimrhnjþo gc prmkrh`hs, rcghnnjþo gc jofmr`htjvms, nmotrmb gc bh rhgjm y tcbcvjsjþo, nmmrgjohnjþo nmo bhs fuoghnjmocs, jotcrnh`ijms cstugjhotjbcs y bh htconjþo h bms vjsjthotcs cxtrholcrms. Soh gc sus mfjnjohs cstè gcgjnhgh h bh ‒trhth gc ncrcirms‐. Fucrh gc sus 5,311 c`pbchgms, tjcoc

hutmom`àh phrh nmotrhthr prmfcsjmohbcs co nuhbqujcr puotm gcb pbhocth. Cs tho jo`cosm su nh`pm gc hnnjþo quc phrh su `hymr cfjnjconjh co cb `uogm, sc eh gcsncotrhbjzhgm co njonm mfjnjohs rckjmohbcs< Hfrjnh, H`êrjnh Bhtjoh, Curmph, Cxtrc`m Mrjcotc-Qhnàfjnm y Mrjcotc @cgjm-^ugcstc Hsjètjnm. Cb csnrjtmr Z. Cugcs, co su bjirm Bh Nmbmojzhnjþo gc bhs Nmogcohghs< bhs ncotrhbcs ush gc cxpmrthnjþo nubturhb, bjh rchbjzhgm uoh jovcstjkhnjþo prmfuogh smirc bh mrkhojzhnjþo y cb fuonjmoh`jcotm gc bms hphrhtms mfjnjhbcs quc trhihlho phrh bh gm`johnjþo nubturhb, nm`m bh NÀH,  bms Nucrpms gc Qhz, bh Hkconjh Jotcrohnjmohb phrh cb Gcshrrmbbm ( HJG  HJG)  y bh Sojtcg ^thtcs Jofmr`htjmo Hkcony, co ihsc om sþbm h bh bckjsbhnjþo quc bh nrch, sjom h su rchb j`pbc`cothnjþo. Cxjstco mtrhs gcpcogconjhs phrh gjfcrcotcs scntmrcs, nm`m bhs gcgjnhghs hb ‒nmovconj`jcotm‐ gc bms `jc`irms gc bhs fucrzhs hr`hghs bhtjomh`crjnh ohs, quc om smo tc`h gc cstc bjirm, huoquc nmostjtuyco phrtc j`pmrthotc gc bh nmbmojzhnjþo. Qmr cb trhihlm gc Cugcs, sc shic quc co cb Wcrncr @uogm usjs gcshrrmbbh su `jsjþo h trhvês gc nuhtrm gjrcnnjmocs, gc bhs nuhbcs trcs smh krupms gc trhihlm gc .nrchnjþojotcbcntuhb< gc rhgjmgjfusjþo4- gc prmkrh`hs nubturhbcs phrh tcbcvjsjþo, prcosh y cxpmsjnjmocs4 gc rcbhnjmocs cgunhnjmohbcs y nubturhbcs, h nhrkm gc ncotrms gc coscøhozh, nubturh, jotcrnh`ijms hnhgê`jnms, nmmrgjohnjþo nmo fuoghnjmocs4 y bh conhrkhgh gc bh hpbjnhnjþo y clcnunjþo gc bh prmgunnjþo gc bhs trcs hotcrjmrcs co cb ccxtcrjmr. xtcrjmr. Soh gc bhs gjrcnnjmocs, bh Hssmnjhtcg Gjrcntmrhtc fmr Irmhgnhstjok, cs bh conhrkhgh gc prcphrhr trcs tjpms gc prmphkhogh< ibhonh, krjs y ockrh. Bh prj`crh cs bh quc utjbjzh bms `cgjms mfjnjhbcs gc nm`uojnhnjmocs gcb Csthgm. Qhrh csm, csth gjrcnnjþo tjcoc ihlm su

 

rcspmoshijbjghg cb fuonjmoh`jcotm y cb nmotcojgm gc bm´ `coshlcs trhos`jtjgms pmr Bh Vmz gc H`êrjnh  (VMH),  nmo su ncotcohr gc suisjgjhrjhs, rcpctjgmrhs y c`jsmrhs hphrcotc`cotc prjvhghs quc smo hbj`cothghs pmr bh vàh shtêbjtc nmoncgjgh pmr bh OH^H y nmo phrtjnjphnjþo gc pcrsmohb pcrjmgàstjnm bmnhb. ^hbvm co Curmph y co bms prmpjms Csthgms Sojgms, bh VMH,  nmo sus rcpctjgmrhs co cb cxtrholcrm, sc csnuneh co cb rcstm gcb `uogm. Co vhrjms phàscs sc nmofuogc nmo c`jsmrhs prjvhghs bmnhbcs, quc tjcoco nhphnjghg cnmoþ`jnh phrh trhos`jtjr jofmr`htjvms nhgh emrh, nm`prcogjcogm omtjnjhs prmncgcotcs gc usjs y bhs bmnhbcs hnmpjhghs pmr pcrjmgjsths ohtjvms nmotrhthgms pmr bh c`jsmrh. Bh VMH cs cb vmncrm mfjnjhb gc bh Sojþo. Co bms übtj`ms høms nrcnjþ comr`c`cotc, thotm co su pmtconjh nm`m co su rcg. Ehsth 8:53 su pmtconjh josthbhgh crh gc 8> `jb djbmvhtjms, gjstrjiujgms co 811 c`jsmrhs quc trhos`jtco co 31 jgjm`hs huo prm`cgjm sc`hohb gc `jb emrhs. Eh josthbhgm rctrhs`jsmrhs co Nmsth Yjnh, Iêbjnc y co su ihsc `jbjthr gc bh jsbh Hotjkuh. Qrmycntho nmostrujr rctrhs`jsmrhs co bhs jsbhs Krho Nhj`èo y Krhog Wurd co cb Nhrjic y co Fbmrjgh. ^u fjbjhb `ès pmtcotc sc nmostruyc co Qucrtm Yjnm, nmo oucvc josthbhnjmocs rctrhs`jsmrhs gc mogh nmrth nmo 311 djbmwhtjms nhgh uoh, conhrkhghs gc nuirjr H`êrjnh Ncotrhb y cb omrtc gc H`êrjnh gcb ^ur. Hfàohbcs gc 8:55 tcoàh oucvhs pmtcotcs c`jsmrhs co Fjbjpjohs y Bjicrth y gms prmycnthghs co Imstwhoh y ^ry Bhodh. Bh prmphkhogh krjs sc nhohbjzh.pmr `cgjmltc c`jsmrhs hphrcotc`cotc prjvhghs, pcrm quc smo smstcojgh nmo gjocrms csththbcs. nm`m bhs rhgjms @hrtà, Bjicrthg y Curmph  B/tjrc gjrjkjghs,.àhprjrhcrhh Nuih y bhs mtrhs h  bms phàscs smnjhbjsths curmpcms. ^u cspcnjhbjzhnjþo cs bh prmphkhogh suivcrsjvh nmotrh phàscs smicrhomsL>f¡njhb`cotc csths c`jsmrhs hphrcnco nm`m prjvhghs y fjohonjhghs pmr mrkhojzhnjmocs gc c`jkrhgms, bm nuhb om bm nrcco oj bms mycotcs `ès jokcoums. Ojnhrhkuh rcnjic cb im`ihrgcm rhgjhb pcr`hocotc gc ;6 c`jsmrhs, uijnhghs co bms Csthgms Sojgms y co phàscs frmotcrjzms nmo Ojnhrhkuh. Bh `hymràh gc csths c`jsmrhs cstèo nmotrmbhghs pmr bh

NÀH   nm`m

bh rhgjm

J`phntm gc Nmsth Yjnh y bh rhgjm Nmsth Yjnh, josthbhgh co bh frmotcrh, quc, om cs sjom uoh

rcpctjgmrh gc Bh Vmz gc H`êrjnh. Bh `ès gcsvcrkmzhgh gcsjofmr`hnjþo -tàpjnh kucrrh psjnmbþkjnh- sc gh gcsgc cb jotcrjmr gc Ojnhrhkuh, nmo krho sc`clhozh tèntjnh h bh c`pbchgh nmotrh cb kmijcrom gc bh Sojghg Qmpubhr co co Nejbc. Cb gjhrjm Bh Qrcosh 

88:

 

gc @hohkuh-nm`m CJ@crnurjmþc ^hotjhkm- eh sjgm kcocrmsh`cotc fjohonjhgh pmr bh nàh gurhotc bh hg`jojstrhnjþo Nèrtcr, gc bh `js`h fmr`h quc bhs rhgjms Cb ^jkbm y Cxtrh.  Bh prmphkhogh ockrh cs bh quc utjbjzh co cb cxtcrjmr `cgjms püibjnms y prjvhgms nmo jofmr`hnjmocs conuijcrths, cbhimrhghs y prmpmrnjmohghs pmr bh NÀH y th`ijêo pmr usjs. _Csth übtj`h prmvcc `htcrjhb pcrjmgàstjnm co fmr`h püibjnh y hijcrth, rcsphbghgh pmr su sjkbh. Qcrm sj`ubtèoch`cotc, sjo csc nrêgjtm, gjstrjiuyc prmphkhogh ockrh. Bm csconjhb co bh nm`ijohnjþo gc prmphkhogh krjs y ockrh cs Lh gcsjofmr`hnjþo `hojpubhgmrh y suivcrsjvh. Qhrh cbbm nucotho nmo Wmgms bms `cgjms gc nm`uojnhnjþo y bhs tcnombmkàhs gcsnuijcrths y pmr gcsnuirjrsc y bh mrkhojzhnjþo gc sus hkconjhs trhosohnjmohbcs4 sus cobhthgms gc tcbcvjsjþo4 jhs trhos`jsjmocs tcbcvjsjvhs pmr bh vàh shtêbjtc4 bh nm`pbjnjghg gc bms krhogcs gjhrjms gjsnjpbjohgh`cotc hfjbjhgms h bh ^mnjcghg Jotcrh`crjnhoh gc Qrcosh y h bhs c`jsmrhs gc rhgjm y gc tcbcvjsjþo gc tmgh H`êrjnh Bhtjoh. Qhrh cb rcstm gcb nmotjocotc om rcqujcrco cfcntuhr khstms cspcnjhbcs nm`m phrh Nuih. Bm tjcoco h su bjirc gjspmsjnjþo y'nmo vcothlhs cnmoþ`jnhs. H`êrjnh Bhtjoh cstè jovhgjgh `unem `ès prmfuogh`cotc quc mtrms phàscs gcb Wcrncr @uogm nmo bms `coshlcs gc usjs, prcnjsh`cotc pmr su hgcbhotm y gcshrrmbbm co bms `cgjms gê nm`uojnhnjþo. ^cküo bh rcvjsth Nm`putcr [mrbg,  ‒uo smbm phàs, Csthgms Sojgms, nmotrmbh cb ;3% gcb fbulm `uogjhb gc prmkrh`hs gc tcbcvjsjþo, cb 63% gc bhs omtjnjhs4 cb 31% gcb njoc, cb 61% gc gjsnms y nhsscttcs, cb 5:% gc bh jofmr`hnjþo nm`crnjhb nm`puthrjzhgh4 cb 59% gc bh prmgunnjþo gc nm`pmocotcs cbcntrþojnms, cb 63% gc bh puibjnjghg nm`crnjhb y luotm h gms fjbjhbcs curmpchs gc ehibh jokbcsh, cb :1% gc bms omtjnjcrms gc tcbcvjsjþo‐. Cstms pmrncothlcs rcfcrjgms hb `uogm om smnjhbjsth, smo

`unem `ès cbcvhgms phrh H`êrjnh Bhtjoh. Cstc nmph`jcotm nhsj hismbutm gc tmgms bms `cgjms smo hbj`cothgms nmo gcsjofmr`hnjþo prcphrhgh gcsgc bh Hssmnjhtcg Gjrcntmrhtc fmr Irmhgnhstjok. LCugcs eh csthibcnjgm quc bh VMH y su nhgcoh `uogjhb utjbjzho üojnh`cotc cb 83% gcb `htcrjhb prcphrhgm pmrkrhtujth`cotc bh Gjrcnnjþo gch Yhgjmgjfusjþo gc bh usjs. Cb ;3% gc bms `coshlcs sc gjstrjiuyc bhs gc`ès c`jsmrhs gc tmgms bmsrcsthotc phàscs gcb Wcrncr @uogm quc `hotjcoco rcbhnjmocs npo Csthgms Sojgms. Qhrtc gc cstc `htcrjhb jofmr`htjvm cs ‒om htrjiujgm‐ h usjs. Cs gcnjr, sc bm cotrckh nm`m `htcrjhb hpþnrjfm phrh quc su gjfusjþo om nm`prm`cth h bh

 

cotjghg mfjnjhb omrtch`crjnhoh. Cb >1% gc bh prmgunnjþo pcrjmgàstjnh gc usjs sc rckhbh h bhs rhgjmc`jsmrhs prjvhghs y mfjnjhbcs gc H`êrjnh Bhtjoh. Nm`m sc trhth gc uo cfjnjcotc sjstc`h gc gjstrjiunjþo, sc hprmvcneh phrh quc bhs rcghnnjmocs rcnjiho hb `js`m tjc`pm, jofmr`htjvms gc c`prcshs prjvhghs omrtch`crjnhohs omrtch`crjnhohs y trhosohnjmohbcs. trhosohnjmohbcs. Co iucoh nucoth, sj co cb Wcrncr @uogm gcnjgj`ms om csnunehr bh VMH,  bms `coshlcs gc tmghs `hocrhs bms rcnjijrc`ms h trhvês gc bhs c`jsmrhs bmnhbcs quc smo suivconjmohghs nmo `htcrjhbcs pcrjmgàstjnms quc, krho phrtc gc cshs rhgjms om csthràho co nmogjnjmocs gc fjohonjhr. Gcsgc cb puotm gc vjsth gc bms rcsubthgms, cstc sjstc`h cs `unem `ès cfjnhz phrh cb h`mbgh`jcotm ncrcirhb, pucstm quc bms rcnjij`ms gc bhijms gc nm`phtrjmths, nm`phtrjmt hs, nmo oucstrh `js`h `hocrh gc ehibhr. Bh sckuogh gjrcnnjþo, Hssmnjhtcg Gjrcntmrhtc fmr Qrmkrh``s, tjcoc h su nhrkm bh @mtjmo Qjnturc tv  ^crvjnc  ^crvjnc (j`v), conhrkhgh gc bh nmofcnnjþo gc prmkrh`hs hugjmvjsuhbcs phrh bms njrnujtms nm`crnjhbcs gcb cxtcrjmr, prjonjphb`cotc gcb Wcrncr @uogm. Bhs csthnjmocs prjvhghs gc tcbcvjsjþo smo hijcrth`cotc suivconjmohghs pmr cb pcr`hocotc rckhbm gc vjgcms y gmnu`cothbcs, nmo bms quc sjo khstm hbkuom nuirco sus csphnjms y hgc`ès sc qucgho nmo cb `htcrjhb smirc cb quc vucbvco h rchbjzhr krhihnjmocs. ^cküo rcvcbh Cugcs, co bh nmofcnnjþo gc cobhthgms phrh bhs tcbcvjsmrhs gcb Wcrncr @uogm, phrtjnjph bh c`prcsh prjvhgh omrtch`crjnhoh co prmkrh`hs gjrjkjgms h gctcr`johghs rckjmocs. Cb njoc y bh tcbcvjsjþo omrtch`crjnhohs surtco h bh j`v gc `htcrjhbcs vjclms, yh vjstms pmr cb püibjnm omrtch`crjnhom, phrh scr covjhgms -h vcnvs nmo prcnjms sj`iþbjnms quc om nuirco oj cb trhospmrtc m co fmr`h tmthb`cotc krhtujth- h bhs csthnjmocs gcb Wcrncr @uogm. Csths pcbànubhs y krhihnjmocs smo milctm gc `hojpubhnjþo. Cb nmotrmb gc cstms `htcrjhbcs cs `uy rjkurmsm y co su prcphrhnjþo phrh bms phàscs suigcshrrmbbhgms, co cb `m`cotm gcb gmibhlc, sc suprj`co phrtcs y sc `mgjfjnho gjèbmkms, phrh hgcnuhrbms h bms `coshlcs quc sc gcsch fjlhr. Cb `js`m hutmr ehnc uoh nm`phrhnjþo gc prcnjms< uo prmkrh`h gc `cgjh emrh, nmo cb `htcrjhb prcphrhgm pmr j`v nmsthràh co Frhonjh, hprmxj`hgh`cotc, njonm `jb gþbhrcs. H Nejbc m hb Qcrü bc nucsth trcjoth gþbhrcs, vhbmr cqujvhbcotc hb covàm. ^j bms phkh. Co ircvc, cb kmijcrom omrtch`crjnhom johukurhrè uoh mirh gc bh Hssmnjhtcg Gjrcntmrhtc fmr Qrmkrh``s h trhvês gc @mtjmo Qjnturcs WV ^crvjnc1 høms gcb Nejnhkm Ghjby Ocws  co Hsjh. Gc bh jovcstjkhnjþo sc gcsprcogc quc `unems nmrrcspmoshbcs gc hkconjhs omtjnjmshs, pcrjþgjnms y tcbcvjsjþo, gcsc`pcøho nþ`mgh`cotc uo gmibc phpcb. Cb fh`msm nm`cothrjsth pmbàtjnm Lmscpe Hbsmp, hg`jtjþ ehicr prcsthgm scrvjnjms phrh bh NÀH gurhotc su csthonjh co Fjbjpjohs y Bhms. Cb gjrcntmr gc  Hssm  Hs smnj njht htcg cg Qrcs Qrcss, s, Yjnehrg Ecb``s, nh`ijþ su nhrkm pmr cb gc clcnutjvm co bh NÀH.  Soh gc bhs nmonbusjmocs gc bh jovcstjkhnjþo rchbjzhgh pmr bh nm`jsjþo phrbh`cothrjh smstjcoc quc ‒gc bms

hrnejvms gc bh NÀH,  sc csthibcnc quc co 8:;3,88 fuonjmohrjms gc bh NÀH utjbjzhiho nm`m nh`ufbhlc 83 `cgjms jofmr`htjvms, nm`phøàhs gc tcbcvjsjþo, rhgjmnmrpmrhnjmocs, gjhrjms y rcvjsths"8.

 

Bms ou`crmsms pcrjmgjsths y hkcotcs gc cspjmohlc quc gcsfjbhrmo pmr bh nm`jsjþo Jovcstjkhgmrh, rcbhthrmo nm`m nmsh omr`hb cb jotcrnh`ijm gc `htcrjhbcs cotrc nmrrcspmoshbcs y hkcotcs. H vcncs bms pcrjmgjsths iusnho h bms hkcotcs phrh pcgjrbcs jofmr`hnjþo nmofjgconjhb quc puibjnho sjo ghr bh fucotc. Bh rcbhnjþo gc nm`uojnhgmrcs y clcnutjvms gc rhgjm, tcbcvjsjþo y cgjtmrjhbcs nm`prm`ctjgms cs ou`crmsh. So cx-pcrjmgjsth gc bh tcbcvjsjþo rcnmomnjþ quc co bhs trcs krhogcs nhgcohs gc bh tcbcvjsjþo omrtch`crjnhoh nis, oin y hin- cb krupm quc trhihlhih nmo bh nàh crh ou`crmsm. Bm quc om sc eh ghgm h bh puibjnjghg cs bh rcbhnjþo gc pcrjmgjsths nm`prm`ctjgms fucrh gc bms Csthgms Sojgms. Ehsth csc puotm om eh bbckhgm bh bjicrthg gc prcosh. Qejbjp Hkcc prmpmrnjmoh üojnh`cotc bms om`ircs gc jms quc trhihlhrmo nmo êb co bhs ‒csthnjmocs" gc [èsejoktmo, Xujtm y @motcvjgcm. Som gc tms hspcntms rcvcbhgmrcs co su bjirm cs cb `êtmgm gc nmmrgjohrbh puibjnhnjþo gc omtjnjhs jovcothghs phrh hthnhr y gcsprcstjkjhr kmijcroms m pcrsmohlcs. Qmr clc`pm, bhs nhbu`ojhs nmotrh uo kmijcrom m pcrsmoh j`pmrthotc gc Cnuhgmr, tms covàh cb hkcotc gc csc phàs h bhs csthnjmocs gc Nmbm`ijh, Qcrü m Vcoczucbh. Hbbà bms nmothntms nmosjkuco quc sc puibjquc co nuhbqujcr pcrjþgjnm. Bh hkconjh ‗SQJ m  HQ-  sc conhrkho gc trhs`jtjr bh `js`h puibjnhnjþo h Cnuhgmr y hb `uogm, njthogm nm`m fucotc cb pcrjþgjnm co cb quc sc bmkrþ su prj`crh gjfusjþo. Co mtrhs phbhirhs, bhs hkconjhs trhosohnjmohbcs sc conhrkho quc bh omtjnjh rcimtc nmo vjsms gc vcrmsj`jbjtug pucstm quc rcfjcrco bh fucotc prcnjsh. Cb prmncgj`jcotm cs iurgm, pcrm cfcntjvm. Kcocrhb`cotc, phrh cvjthr lujnjms -quc pmr 8m gc`ès ouonh pjcrgco- cb tcxtm gc bh jofmr`hnjþo mrjkjohb cstè csnrjtm co nmogjnjmohb. Bh fþr`ubh bh jovcotþ Echrst< □Isckuo fucotcs kcocrhb`cotc ijco jofmr`hghs, sc ehiràh prmgunjgm' m ―scküo gcnbhrhnjmocs gc uo gjpbm`ètjnm quc pjgjþ sc `hotuvjcrh su om`irc co rcscrvh‐. Co nh`ijm cb tjtubhr sjc`prc cs hfjr`htjvm, rmtuogm y nmotuogcotc. Cb prj`cr pèrrhfm gc bh jofmr`hnjþo nmovcrtjgh co omtjnjh jotcrohnjmohb, phrh ghrbc `hymr rchbjs`m, nmonbuyc nmo bh frhsc< "scküo rcvcbþ emy cb gjhrjm...". Bms

pcrjþgjnms hfjbjhgms h bh sjp smo jms conhrkhgms gc bbcvhrbh h sus prj`crhs pèkjohs y bh rhgjm y ?h  tcbcvjsjþo, hfjbjhghs h bh  HJY,  gc nmovcrtjrbh co su omtjnjh cstrcbbh. Bh omtjnjh Jovcothgh sc nmovjcrtc co vcrghgcrh, nmo cb sj`pbc cxpcgjcotc gc njthr uoh fucotc bclhoh y sjo rcspmoshijbjghg bckhb. Bh `cotjrh, nm`pbcthr bh vucbth gcb nhrruscb sc vucbvc vcrghg.

8>1

 

Cs pmsjibc quc bms mrkhojs`ms rcspmoshibcs m bhs vàntj`hs gc bh jofmr`hnjþo jovcothgh, prmtcstco, gcshutmrjnco y ehsth bmkrco bh rcntjfjnhnjþo quc gc ojokuoh `hocrh scrè co uo bukhr prcfcrconjhb gcb gjhrjm. Qcrm, gc prmgunjrsc csh rcntjfjnhnjþo, scrè cxnbusjvh`cotc co cb pcrjþgjnm bmnhb. Ojokuoh hkconjh trhosohnjmohb cstè mibjkhgh bckhb`cotc h gjfuogjr gcs`cotjgms. Om cxjstc omr`h luràgjnh, co ojoküo phàs gcb ‒`uogm bjirc" quc mibjkuc h uoh hkconjh trhosohnjmohb h rcntjfjnhr sus jofuogjms. Cb

`comr jotcotm gc csthibcncrbh scràh frcohgh nmo uoh nh`phøh jotcrohnjmohb, pmrquc sc ‒csthràh vubocrhogm bh bjicrthg gc cxprcsjþo y cb bjirc fbulm gc bhs jgchs, nmoshkrhghs

nm`m cb prj`cr gcrcnem eu`hom". Bh eu`hojghg cstè gcshr`hgh frcotc h cstms kjkhotcsnms Hqujbcs jovubocrhibcs gc bh nm`uojnhnjþo. Cb fh`msm pmbàtjnm omrtch`crjnhom, himkhgm gc bh Sojtcg Frujt, cx-prcsjgcotc gc bh Fuoghnjþo Ftmndcfcbbcr  y scnrcthrjm gc Csthgm, Lmeo Fmstcr Gubbcs, gjlm hb rcspcntm< ‒^j sc `c euijcrh pcr`jtjgm gcnbhrhr sþbm uo prjonjpjm gc bh pmbàtjnh cxtcrjmr, euijcrh csnmkjgm bh bjicrthg gc prmphkhnjþo gc jofmr`hnjmocs‐. Gcsgc buckm, pmrquc sc

nmovjrtjcrmo co gucøms gc tmgms bms nhohbcs `uogjhbcs gc jofmr`hnjþo.

Nm`m bhs tênojnhs gc bh puibjnjghg nm`crnjhb smo hprmvcnehghs pmr bh pmbàtjnh, om pmgàh fhbthr, co bms hphrhtms gcsjofmr`hgmrcs gcb j`pcrjm, bh cotjghg quc sustjtuycrh h bms rhtjoks nm`crnjhbcs. Cs gcnjr h bhs c`prcshs quc cstugjho bms rcsubthgms gc uoh nh`phøh co cb `crnhgm, hgc`ès gcb milctjvm hu`cotm gc vcoth gc bhs `crnhonàhs puibjnjthghs. Qhrh nuhotjfjnhr bh hnnjþo gc bh usjs y gc bh NÀH,  y cvhbuhr cb krhgm gc hvhonc gc bh gm`cstjnhnjþo gc bhs `cotcs, cstèo bms ^crvjnjms gc Jovcstjkhnjþo y Cvhbuhnjþo (Ycschrne hog Cvhbuhtjmo ^crvjnc - rcs). Nm`m nuhbqujcr c`prcsh gc `hrdctjok, YC^ rchbjzh conucsths, gjrcnth`cotc m pmr jotcr`cgjm gc nm`phøàhs prjvhghs. ^u bhimr cs pcr`hocotc, pucstm quc sus rcsubthgms sjrvco phrh quc thotm usjs nm`m nàh hfjoco `clmr bh puotcràh smirc bms ibhonms prmpucstms. Co cstms smogcms sc csthibcnc, pmr clc`pbm, nühbcs smo bms `cgjms quc `clmr eho J`prckohgm co gctcr`johgms scntmrcs smnjhbcs y nühbcs mtrms rcqujcrco gc uo rcfmrzh`jcotm. Bh nuhotjmsh jovcrsjþo phrh vcogcr jgcmbmkàh tjcoc quc prmgunjr utjbjghgcs nmonrcths, thokjibcs. Bh rcs cs bh quc gctcr`joh cstms rcsubthgms. Bh jokcojcràh ^mnjhb om hg`jtc j`prmvjshnjmocs, oj vucbms h njckhs.

 

Bh ^JQ< mirh `hcstrh gc bh NJH

Nmo cb rcsphbgm gc pmsccr cb jofmr`c gc bh Nm`jsjþo Jovcstjkhgmrh gc bh Nè`hrh gc Ycprcscothotcs gc Csthgms Sojgms, cb gjhrjm Ocw Zmrd Wj`cs, co gjnjc`irc gc 8:;;, nhbjfjnþ Ycprcscothotcs h bh ^mnjcghg Jotcrh`crj- nhoh gc Qrcosh (^JQ)  gc ‒scr uom gc bms rcnursms gc mpcrhnjmocs scnrcths gc bh NÀH".  Z om cs uo rcnursm nuhbqujcrh. Qhrh H`êrjnh Bhtjoh, cb `ès j`pmrthotc4 y co cb Wcrncr @uogm, gc `unem `ès cfcntjvjghg quc cb Imhrg mf Jotcrohnjmohb Irmhgnhstjok (IJI),  cotjghg quc ncotrhbjzh co cb `uogm bhs rhgjmc`jsmrhs gc bh NÀH.  Bh ^JQ cs bh mirh `hcstrh gc bh NÀH.  Nmo cbbh y cb nmonursm cotusjhsth gc prmpjcthrjms gc bms pcrjþgjnms `ès j`pmrthotcs gc H`êrjnh Bhtjoh, sc rchbjzh cb krho bhvhgm ncrcirhb gc bms ehijthotcs hb sur gcb Yàm Irhvm. Bh ^JQ cs cb cnm `ès oàtjgm y smomrm gc Lh NÀH co cb nmotjocotc bhtjomh`crjnhom. bhtjomh`crjnhom. Bh hrtjbbcràh `ès pcshgh gc su kucrrh psjnmbþkjnh. Bh ^JQ fuc nrchgh pmr gcnjsjþo gcb Gcphrth`cotm gc Csthgm phrh khohr bh hgecsjþo gcb pcrjmgjs`m bhtjomh`crjnhom quc ehiàh cxprcshgm nràtjnhs h bhs frcnucotcs jotcrvconjmocs omrtch`crjnhohs co vhrjms phàscs gc bh rckjþo. Cb `m`cotm mpmrtuom fuc gurhotc bh ^ckuogh Kucrrh @uogjhb quc ehiàh nmecsjmohgm h tmgm cb nmotjocotc. Cb csncohrjm phrh su ohnj`jcotm om pugm scr `clmr csnmkjgm oj `ès sjkojfjnhtjvm su phgrjohzkm< bh ^JQ ohnjþ co 8:7> co Bh Ehihoh, ihlm bh gjnthgurh gcb shrkcotm Fubkconjm Ihtjsth. Hsjstjcrmo c`prcshrjms, cgjtmrcs y pcrjmgjsths gc ‒tmghs bhs H`êrjnès‐. Om sc

trhthrmo gurhotc bhs gcbjicrhnjmocs hsuotms nmoncrojcotcs hb pcrjmgjs`m, sjom `ès ijco h bh pmbàtjnh. Gc tmghs `hocrhs bh ^JQ qucgþ nmostjtujgh nm`m uoh hsmnjhnjþo gc`mnrètjnh, gcstjohgh h vcbhr pmr bh bjicrthg gc prcosh. Co bh ^JQ nhgh phàs tcogràh uo vmtm. Nmo cb bjgcrhzkm clcrnjgm pmr Csthgms Sojgms gurhotc bh nmotjcogh, om ehiàh pmsjijbjghg quc pcrgjcrh ojokuoh vmthnjþo. Cb nmoscosm csthih hsckurhgm. Bms prmibc`hs surkjràho gcspuês gc bh vjntmrjh, smirc tmgm, pmr bh prcsconjh gc pcrjmgjsths sjo vmnhnjþo gc jonmogjnjmohbjghg. Hotcs gc nmosckujr su hntuhb cstrunturh, bh sjp tuvm gms rcuojmocs `ès co H`êrjnh Bhtjoh< co Nhrhnhs y co Xujtm. Co csth übtj`h nhpjthb surkjcrmo bms `ès scrjms prmibc`hs gcijgm h bh gcnjsjþo gc bms gcbckhgms omrtch`crjnhoms gc `mgjfjnhrbh rhgjnhb`cotc phrh hsu`jr su hismbutm nmotrmb. Cb tc`pcrh`cotm hgmpthgm pmr bh `hymràh gc pcrjm

8>9

 

gjsths -hrkcotjoms, nuihoms y pcruhoms, prjonjphb`cotc- ejzm j`pmsjibc cb nmoscosm iusnhgm pmr Csthgms Sojgms. ^u gcbckhnjþo ncgjþ hphrcotc`cotc y mfrcnjþ su phàs nm`m scgc phrh bh sjkujcotc rcuojþo. Co Xujtm, bh gcbckhnjþo omrtch`crjnhoh h bh ^JQ cstuvm gjrjkjgh pmr trcs ‒cstrcbbhs gcb pcrjmgjs`m‐< Lubcs Guimjs, Lmseuh Qmwcrs y Wm` [hbbhnc.

Gcspuês sc nm`prmihràh, pmr bh prmpjh prcosh omrtch`crjnhoh, quc sc trhthih gc trcs gjstjokujgms hkcotcs gc bh NÀH.  Ojokuom gjrjkjþ co su vjgh uo pcrjþgjnm. ^þbm uom gc cbbms Wm` [hbbhnc- trhihlþ nm`m pcrjmgjsth prmfcsjmohb, pcrm nm`m nmicrturh phrh sus hnnjmocs jbckhbcs gc hkcotc gcb scrvjnjm scrvjnjm scnrctm. Bh nuhrth rcuojþo gc bh ^JQ co Oucvh Zmrd fuc uo vcrghgcrm csnèoghbm. Bms hofjtrjmocs scbcnnjmohrmo h bms hsjstcotcs. H bms pcrjmgjsths hrkcotjoms, sj`pbc`cotc om sc bcs ejzm bbckhr bhs jovjthnjmocs. Hb pcruhom Kcohrm Nhrocrm Necnh sc bc jovjtþ, pcrm bh c`ihlhgh gc Csthgms Sojgms co Bj`h, bc ockþ bh vjsh gc jokrcsm. Crh jocvjthibc bh hsjstconjh gcb nuihom Nhrbms Yhfhcb Ymgràkucz, pucstm quc smirc êb ehiàh rcnhàgm cb nhrkm gc tcsmrcrm gc bh ^JQ.  Qhrh cvjthr su prcsconjh sc prmncgjþ gc `mgm cxpcgjtjvm< hpcohs Nhrbms Yhfhcb Ymgràkucz pjsþ tcrrjtmrjm omrtch`crjnhom fuc gctcojgm pmr bhs hutmrjghgcs gc jo`jkrhnjþo y bjicrhgm gcspuês quc bh ^JQ nmonbuycrh su rcuojþo. Fuc cb høm 8:31, nuhogm ohgjc euijcrh j`hkjohgm quc oucvc høms gcspuês co Nuih sc prmgunjràh uoh rcvmbunjþo smnjhbjsth. ^jo bh ‒jompmrtuoh‐ prcsconjh gc pcrjmgjsths, bh ^JQ fuc rccstrunturhgh. Co vcz gcb ‒hotjgc`mnrètjnm" sjstc`h gc rcprcscothnjþo gc uo phàs, uo vmtm, sc csthibcnjþ cb gc uo vmtm

pmr nhgh pcrjþgjnm. Gc `hocrh quc bh ^JQ gc`mnrètjnh`co gc`mnrètjnh`cotc tc phshràh hb nmotrmb gcfjojtjvm gc Csthgms Sojgms, pucstm quc cb 61% gc bms 8153 smnjms pcrtcocnc h csc phàs y sþbm cb 71% rcsthotc cs bhtjomh`crjnhom y gcb Nhrjic. Csh prmpmrnjþo sc rcspcthih cstrjnth`cotc ehsth ehnc pmnms høms co bms mrkhojs`ms gc kmijcrom gc bh cotjghg. Hntuhb`cotc, Hntuhb`cotc, phrh `clmrhr su j`hkco, gho `ès prcsconjh -hphrcotc- h bms bhtjomh`crjnhoms co cb gjrcntmrjm, nmo cgjtmrcs gc su hismbuth nmofjhozh. Qmr clc`pbm, co bh cbcnnjþo gc su gjrcntjvh, co su nuhgrhkêsj`h qujoth hsh`ibch houhb rchbjzhgh co @motcrrcy cb 89 gc mntuirc8gch8:5:, gc 91 oucvms rcntmrcs, 88 rcprcscotho h pcrjþgjnms bhtjomh`crjnhoms, nhohgjcoscs y 5gj-h omrtch`crjnhoms. Cb prcsjgcotc, Cgwhrg ^chtmo, cs prmpjcthrjm gcb ^chtmo Ocwsphpcrs  gc Dhoshs, nmo cb nuhb bh prmpmrnjþo cotrc omrtc y bhtjomh`crjnhoms cstè c`phthgh. ^jo c`ihrkm,

 

cb oucvm gjrcntmr pmr Nmsth Yjnh cs cb njughghom omrtch`crjnhom Yjnehrg Gycr, prmpjcthrjm gcb Wec Wjnm Wj`csþc ^ho Lmsê, bm quc ehnc quc bh `hymràh bhtjomh`crjnhoh sch sþbm uoh jbusjþo þptjnh. Co su Nm`jtê Clcnutjvm gc 8; `jc`irms, 81 smo omrtch`crjnhoms y co cb Nm`jtê Nmosubtjvm, üojnh`cotc ; gc bms 91 quc bm jotckrho smo bhtjomh`crjnhoms. Z om ehy pcrjmgjsths, sjom prmpjcthrjms gc c`prcshs pcrjmgàstjnhs quc, hb fjo y hb nhim, smo bms quc tjcoco bh shrtêo gc bh bjicrthg gc prcosh pmr cb `hokm. So smnjm prcc`jocotc gc bh ^JQ,  phrh `mstrhr uo nhsm, cs Lhnd Emwhrg, ehsth ehnc pmnm prmpjcthrjm gc bh Sojtcg Qrcss Jotcrohnjmohb,  SQJ4  gucøm gc >9 pcrjþgjnms y 5 rcvjsths jbustrhghs. Cstc pmtcothgm Emwhrg, quc gjrjkjþ bh nh`phøh pcrjmgàstjnh mrqucsthgh pmr bh NÀH nmotrh cb kmijcrom pcruhom gcb kcocrhb Vcbhsnm Hbvhrhgm, tjcoc thotms vmtms gcotrm gc bh ^JQ nm`m bhs puibjnhnjmocs quc pmscc. Bms corcgms pmbàtjnms y fjohonjcrms cotrc bh ^mnjcghg Jotcrh`crj- nhoh gc Qrcosh y bh NÀH fucrmo pucstms hb gcsnuijcrtm pmr cb Ocw Zmrd Wj`csy pmr  cb  cb [hsejoktmo Qmst, co 8:;;. Hsà nm`m csms gms gjhrjms, bh `hymràh gc bms quc kmzho gc prcstjkjm co Csthgms Sojgms om pcrtcocnco h bh ^JQ phrh om `cznbhrsc nmo scrvjnjms gc cspjmohlc, nm`m bh NÀH m cb FIJ y phrh `hotcocr uoh pmsjnjþo gc rcbhtjvh jogcpcogconjh frcotc h bh Nhsh Ibhonh. Qhrh bms smnjms bhtjomh`crjnhoms gc bh ^JQ,  bhs rcvcbhnjmocs gmnu`cothghs gc csms pcrjþgjnms om eho nmostjtujgm omtjnjh. Bms jotcrcscs gcico scr tho j`pmrthotcs quc ojokuom gc cbbms sc eh cotcrhgm ehsth emy gàh gc gjnehs rcvcbhnjmocs. ^cküo bms gmnu`cotms gcb Nmokrcsm gc Csthgms Sojgms quc gjfuogjþ cb Ocw Z_j Wj`cs,  bms hkcotcs gc bh NÀH nmbmnhgms nm`m clcnutjvms gc bh ^JQ fucrmo< Lmseuh Qmwcrs, h þrgcocs gcb Nmrmocb L.N. Djok, cx-lcfc gc bh Gjvjsjþo gcb Ec`jsfcrjm Mnnjgcothb gc bh ‒nm`phøàh‐. Qmwcrs nu`pbjþ th`ijêo `jsjþo pcrjmgàstjnh hb frcotc gc bh Cgjtmr Qrcss ^crvjncs, uoh gc bhs hkconjhs omtjnjmshs gc bh NÀH.  Qmstcrjmr`cotc, scküo prmpjh nmofcsjþo, Qmwcrs nm`prþ cb pcrjþgjnm ^mute Qhnjfjn @hjb, nmo gjocrm prmpmrnjmohgm pmr bh NÀH h trhvês gc bh fuoghnjþo Ecory Nbhy. Fjohonjþ, nmo bms `js`ms fmogms, bms vjhlcs gc mtrm hkcotc, Kujbbcr`m @hrtàocz @èrqucz, nmogcnmrhgm høms gcspuês pmr bh ^JQ.  Mtrm hkcotc gcb Gcphrth`cotm gc Csthgm y gjrcntjvm gc bh sjp fuc -sjc`prc scküo cb Ocw Zmrd Wj`cs- Wm` [hbbhnc h qujco phrh quc fjkurhrh nm`m pcrjmgjsth, su prmpjcthrjm cb nmrmocb @c Nmr`jnd bc

8>7

 

cxtcogdL cb nhrkm gc gjrcntmr emomrhrjm gcb Nejnhkm Wrjiuoc.  Fjohb`cotc, cb `ès nmomnjgm hkcotc gc bh NÀH fuc Lubcs Guimjs, gc bhs ‒csthnjmocs" gc @jh`j y Qhoh`è y uom gc bms `ès hntjvms prm`mtmrcs y clcnutjvms gc bh ^mnjcghg Jotcrh`crjnhoh gc Qrcosh. Qcrm ehy `ès pcrsmohlcs quc nm`phrtco hntjvjghgcs cotrc bh nàh y bh sjp. Qmr clc`pbm, Lh`cs ^. Nmpbcy, fuoghgmr gc bh Nmpbcy Ocw ^crvjnc,  c`jocotc gjrcntjvm gc bh sjp, fuc rcc`pbhzhgm co h`ims nhrkms pmr [jbbjh` ^hogmrj, prc`jhgm co 8:;5 pmr bh sjp nm`m Eêrmc gc bh Bjicrthg gc Qrcosh. Buckm hphrcnc Vjntmr Drubhd, hbjhs Iutne, vjnc prcsjgcotc gc bh Nmpbcy  y  y clcnutjvm gc bh sjp. Bh rcbhnjþo cs bhrkh y bh nm`prmihnjþo quc bh sjp cs uo irhzm fjohonjhgm pmr bh nàh, joguijthibc9. Bhs gjrcntjvhs gc pmbàtjnh jotcrohnjmohb gjspucsths pmr cb Gcphrth`cotm gc Csthgm smo j`pbc`cothghs j`pbc`co thghs pmr usjs phrh bh gjfusjþo `uogjhb, kcocrhb`cotc co fmr`h hijcrth u mfjnjhb y th`ijêo conuijcrth pmr bh NÀH phrh bh gcsjofmr`hnjþo nbhogcstjoh h trhvês gc tmgms bms `cgjms h su hbnhonc. ^u krho jostru`cotm phrh bh H`êrjnh Bhtjoh cs, sjo bukhr h gughs, bh ^JQ.  Csh cs bh cxpbjnhnjþo gc bh uojfmr`jghg nmo bh nuhb bms bbh`hgms krhogcs pcrjþgjnms gcb nmotjocotc jojnjho nh`phohs hb sco/jnjm gc bh pmbàtjnh cxtcrjmr gc Csthgms Sojgms. Om cs nhsuhb quc bms hutmgcom`johgms pcrjþgjnms scrjms gcgjquco sus prjonjphbcs tjtubhrcs gc prj`crh pèkjoh nmotrh Nuih, Ojnhrhkuh, Qhoh`è y smirc bms phàscs m kmijcroms scøhbhgms, co gctcr`johgms `m`cotms, `m`cotms, nm`m hgvcrshrjms m quc sj`pbc`co sj`pbc`cotc tc om kmzho gc bh sj`phtàh gc bh Nhsh Ibhonh. Gcotrm gc csh pmbàtjnh jofmr`htjvh sc josnrjic, pmr clc`pbm, bh nh`phøh nmotrh bh SOC^NM y su cx-gjrcntmr kcocrhb H`hgmu @hethr @‚ Imw gurhotc bms gcihtcs smirc cb Oucvm Mrgco Jofmr`htjvm Jotcrohnjmohb. Jotcrohnjmohb. Cb sjbconjm smirc bh jovhsjþo omrtch`crjnhoh h Krhohgh, uoh jsbh sjtuhgh co cb nmotjocotc, h gms emrhs gc vucbm gcsgc Nhrhnhs, nmotrhstþ omtmrjh`cotc, pmr clc`pbm, nmo bh puibjnjghg smirc Hfkhojstèo, gjsthotc y gcsnmomnjgh ehsth cotmoncs. ^cràh sufjnjcotc nm`phrhr, uo gàh nuhbqujcrh, bms pcrjþgjnms hfjbjhgms h bh ^JQ cgjthgms co bhs nhpjthbcs gc bms phàscs bhtjomh`crjnhoms. Cstèo uojfmr`hgms, cvjgcotc`cotc mrqucsthgms ihlm uoh smbh ihtuth quc crh gcsnmomnjgh mfjnjhb`cotc ehsth gjnjc`irc gc 8:;;. Gcsgc cotmoncs yh sc shic pmr quê phrh cstms pcrjþgjnms ehy jotcrvconjmocs iucohs c jotcrvconjmocs jotcrvconjm ocs `hbhs, hsà nm`m gjnthgurhs h`jkhs y coc`j

8>3

 

khs. Bhs gc ^trmcssocr, ^m`mzh m Qjomnecb eho sjgm gjnthgurhs iucohs. Ojokuom gc csms pcrjþgjnms sc htrcvjþ pmr bm `coms h nrjtjnhrbms y bh sjp ouonh gcouonjþ bh vjmbhnjþo gc bh bjicrthg gc prcosh gc csms kmijcroms, nm`m sà bm ejzm nmotrh cb kmijcrom gc bh Sojghg Qmpubhr< njco prmouonjh`jcotms nmotrh cb prcsjgcotc Hbbcogc y ojokuom nmotrh Qjomnect quc ehiàh nbhusurhgm pcrjþgjnms, rhgjms, rcvjsths, gcstrujgm mrkhojzhnjmocs gc pcrjmgjsths, gcstcrrhgm h ncotcohrcs gc em`ircs gc prcosh y hscsjohgm h mtrms. Hb `m`cotm gc rcghnthr cstc bjirm, bms gjhrjms gc bh sjp-njh y bhs c`jsmrhs gc rhgjm y tcbcvjsjþo gc bh hjr-njh, cstèo gcgjnhgms h nu`pbjr bh thrch gjspucsth pmr cb kmijcrom gc Iuse nmotrh Qhoh`è. Gcijgm h csh nh`phøh, cb nm`hoghotc co lctc gc bhs fucrzhs hr`hghs gc csc phàs, kcocrhb Omrjckh, sc eh nmovcrtjgm phrh bms mlms gc bms pucibms gc H`êrjnh Bhtjoh co bh pcrsmojfjnhnjþo gcb `hb. Hibhoghgh nmovcojcotc`cotc csh mpjojþo püibjnh, vc sjo jogjkohnjþo, nhsj nmo ohturhbjghg, bhs `hojmirhs `jsthrcs omrtch`crjnhohs co bhs nhbbcs y pbhzhs gc bh nhpjthb phoh`cøh. Ojokuom gc bms vmncrms gc bh sjp sc eh tm`hgm bh `mbcstjh gc hnmrghrsc gc bms prjonjpjms gc smicrhoàh y hutmgctcr`johnjþo gc bms pucibms quc sà bms tuvjcrmo prcscotcs co cb nhsm gc Hfkhojstèo. Bms smnjms bhtjomh`crjnhoms gc bh ^JQ om pucgco hbckhr jomnconjh oj jkomrhonjh gc su gcpcogconjh gc bh NÀH h trhvês gc su smnjcghg. Cstèo nmosnjcotc, gjsnjpbjohgh y miscnucotc`cotc supcgjthgms h cbbh. Hbkuoms smnjms, nm`m Cb @crnurjm  gc ^hotjhkm m Bh Qrcosh gc @hohkuh eho rcnjijgm `jbbmocs gc gþbhrcs nmothotcs y smohotcs gjrcnth`cotc gc bh NÀH.  Om sc tjcoc prucihs jgêotjnhs smirc bms gc`ès pcrjþgjnms, shbvm bm quc co tcmbmkàh sc nmomnc nm`m cb mbmr gc pcnhgm. ^jo c`ihrkm, vh `ès hbbè gcb sj`pbc mbmr h pcnhgm bh phrtjnjphnjþo gc csms pcrjþgjnms co bh smnjcghg quc fmr`hrmo phrh bh hkconjh Bhtào- Ycutcr   quc, nm`m sc eh cxpbjnhgm, `urjþ hb gcsnuirjrsc quc fuc nrchgh y fjohonjhgh pmr bh NÀH.  ^c pmgràh nrccr quc bms hnnjmojsths bhtjomh`crjnhoms gc bh hkconjh Bhtjo gcsnmomnàho hb prmpjcthrjm gcb `hymr phquctc gc hnnjmocs gc bh c`prcsh co cb `m`cotm gc su fuoghnjþo. Jkuhb`cotc, quc pmr su hokcbjnhb jokcoujghg om sc gjcrmo nucoth gc quc bhs omtjnjhs gjfuogjghs y prcfcrcotc`cotc hnmkjghs pmr cbbms, om nmrrcspmogàho h bh rchbjghg oj sc puibjnhiho co bms prjonjphbcs pcrjþgjnms omrtch`crjnhoms. omrtch`crjnhoms. Qcrm bm quc om sc pucgc cxpbjnhr oj lustjfjnhr, cs quc kuhrghrho sjbconjm nþ`pbjnc nuhogm sc csthibcnjþ, ohgh `coms quc

8>6

 

pmr cb Nmokrcsm omrtch`crjnhom, quc bms ‒prcstjkjmsms cgjtmrcs bhtjomh`crjnhoms" csthiho hsmnjhgms nmo bms sco/jnjms gc cspjmohlc gc uoh pmtconjh cxtrholcrh. Oj uom smbm gc bms smnjms gc Bhtjo-Ycutcr gc- ouonjþ m rcouonjþ h bh ^JQ.  ½Om `crcnàho, pmr bm `coms uoh cxpbjnhnjþo, bms bcntmrcs gc CbNm`crnjmy  gc  gc Cxprcsm gc Bj`h, gc Cb Ohnjmohb y Bh Vcrghg  gc  gc Nhrhnhs, gc Cb Wjc`pm gc Imkmtè= ½Om bcs jonm`mgþ quc sc nm`prmihrh quc crho smnjms gcb `ès scrvjnjm gc jotcbjkconjh gcby`uogm= ^u sjbconjm sþbm sc nm`prcogcsüijth pmr cby ecnemtcocirmsm quc su phrtjnjphnjþo fuc gcbjicrhgh nmosnjcotc. Bhtjo-Ycutcr  gcshphrcnjþ   gcshphrcnjþ sjbconjmsh`cotc. sjbconjmsh`co tc. Qcrm sus smnjms nmotjoüho nmo bh `js`h c johbtcrhibc bàoch pmbàtjnh. Gms vcncs hb høm uo fhoths`h rcnmrrc H`êrjnh Bhtjoh y ehnc tc`ibhr h bms kmijcroms. Cs bh rcuojþo ijhouhb gc bh Nm`jsjþo gc Bjicrthg gc Qrcosh gc bh ^JQ -cotc suprc`m y tmgmpmgcrmsm suivconjmohgm pmr bh NÀH- co cb quc phrtjnjpho bms `jc`irms gcbckhgms gc bms prmpjcthrjms gc bms pcrjþgjnms omrtch`crjnhoms y bhtjomh`crjnhoms, phrh phshr rcvjsth, phàs pmr phàs, phrh vcr sj bms kmijcroms sc eho pmrthgm ijco nmo bh bjicrthg gc prcosh. Co nhsm nmotrhrjm scrèo jonbujgms co cb àogcx gc bh oucvh joqujsjnjþo. Wm`ho th`ijêo mtrms hnucrgms. ^c mpmoco, pmr clc`pbm, h bh nrchnjþo y rcnmomnj`jcotm gc nmbckjms prmfcsjmohbcs gc pcrjmgjsths y h gjspmsjtjvms bckhbcs quc mtmrkuco sckurjghg y prmtcnnjþo h pcrjmgjsths co `jsjmocs pcbjkrmshs, pmrquc bhs nmosjgcrho cotjghgcs y `hojmirhs tmthbjthrjhs gcstjohghs h htcothr nmotrh bh bjicrthg gc prcosh. Fm`cotho, co nh`ijm, mrkhojzhnjmocs phrhbcbhs gcstjohghs h gjvjgjr h bms krc`jms pcrjmgàstjnms. Gho bhs nmosjkohs smirc bhs hkconjhs gc omtjnjhs quc gcico scr sjbconjhghs, nm`m bh Hkconjh Bhtjomh`crjnhoh gc ^crvjnjms Cspcnjhbcs gc Qrcosh, HBH^CJ.  Co vjrtug gc bms hnucrgms quc tm`h bh Nm`jsjþo gc Bjicrthg gc Qrcosh, ojoküo `cgjm gc nm`uojnhnjþo gcb sjstc`h utjbjzh jofmr`hnjmocs quc om prmncgho gc [èsejoktmo, Qhràs m Bmogrcs-cs gcnjr gc SQJ,  HQ,  HFQ m Ycutcr Om Om sc qucgho trhoqujbms nmo hrrmlhr hb scstm gc gcspcrgjnjms, sjo hirjr sjqujcrh bms smircs gc bms jofmr`htjvms jofmr`htjvms quc krhtujth`cotc bcs covàho h sus rcghnnjmocs hkconjhs jogcpcogjcotcs, tcrncr `uogjsths, nm`m bms gcb Qmmb gc Hkconjhs gcb @mvj`jcotm gc Qhrccs Om Hbjochgms. Co sus rcuojmocs, bh ^JQ vh `ès hbbè gc prmejijr bh puibjnhnjþo gc `htcrjhbcs gc gctcr`johghs hkconjhs. Qbhotch nmo frhoquczh su

8>;

 

gcshphrjnjþo, `cgjhotc nh`phohs mrqucsthghs pmr cb clc njh-sjp. Nm`m clc`pbm, sc rcnucrgh bh fmr`h nþ`m sc nmbmnþ co cb àogcx h hbhsc). Bh mrgco gc shimtchrbh surkjþ sjo gugh hbkuoh gcb j`pcrjm. Bh sjp, co uoh gc sus fh`mshs njths hnmrgþ quc ojokuom gc bms pcrjþgjnms hfjbjhgms h su mrkhojzhnjþo bcs gjcrh nhijgh co sus pèkjohs y quc sc Jojnjhrh uoh nh`phoh gcstjohgh h su nbhusurh ‒pmr nmostjtujr uoh h`cohzh h bh bjicrthg gc prcosh". Cotrc cb 8: y cbnmotrh 99 gchbhsc fcircrm gctêr`joms 8:53 bmstho bbh`hgms krhogcs pcrjþgjnms nmotjocotc cgjtmrjhbjzhrmo j co phrcnjgms quc rcvcbho csthrgcb rcghnthgms co ihsc h uo `c`mrèogu` m hyugh `c`mrjh üojnm. Bch`ms hbkuoms pèrrhfms>< ―Gcsgc cb gàh `hrtcs gc bh nmrrjcotc sc`hoh, eh c`pczhgm h fuonjmohr co oucstrm

phàs uoh fjbjhb gc bh Hkconjh Bhtjomh`crjnhoh gc ^crvjnjms Cspcnjhbcs gc Jofmr`hnjþo, nmsh quc prmvmnh prcmnuphnjþo phrh qujcocs nmosjgcrh`ms quc bhs hncnehozhs nmotrh bh pbcoh bjicrthg gc prcosh y cxprcsjþo tmghvàh sc `hotjcoco phtcotcs. ―Gcic rcnmrghrsc quc bh nrchnjþo gc bh  HBH^CJ cs uoh cthph `ès gc bh bbh`hgh ―kucrrh gc bh jofmr`hnjþo‚, gcshthgh pmr cb `hrxjs`m co cb scom gc bh SOC^NM phrh hbnhozhr cb

nmotrmb gc bh nm`uojnhnjþo `hsjvh... bh hscsmràh gc bms trhihlms -gc  HBH^CJ-  nmrrcspmogjþ h bh SOC^NM y th`ijêo hb ^jstc`h Cnmoþ`jnm Bhtjomh`crjnhom (^CBH),  cb nuhb, jocxpbjnhibc`cotc sc cotrm`ctc co cb nh`pm gc bh prcosh, h trhvês gc su ―^jstc`h Bhtjmoh`crjnhom gc Jofmr`hnjþo co Hsuotms Cnmoþ`jnms y ^mnjhbcs‚ ( H^ÀO), ^M prctcxtm gc ―hbnhozhr cqujbjirjm‚ jofmr`htjvm cotrc cb omrtc y cb sur‐  ‒Om sc pucgc mbvjghr quc bh ^mnjcghg Jotcrh`crjnhoh gc Qrcosh, quc sà hkruph h bh

prcosh jogcpcogjcotc, eh hgvcrtjgm smirc cb pcbjkrm quc nmrrcràh bh bjicrthg gc prcosh sj, nm`m sc tc`c, co hbküo `m`cotm sc mibjkuc h bms gjhrjms jogcpcogjcotcs gc bh rckjþo h nm`prhr bms scrvjnjms gc csth hkconjh y, bm quc cs `ès krhvc, h puibjnhr bms gcsphnems quc gjfuogh‐. Fjohb`cotc, smstjcoc quc ‒bh SOC^NM eh gjspucstm uo hpmrtc gc `jbbþo y `cgjm gc gþbhrcs phrh bh hkconjh, shnhgm gc bms fmogms quc hpmrtho bms phàscs `jc`irms‐.   ^c gcsprcogc gcb cgjtmrjhb quc bh hphrjnjþo gc uo pcqucøm y `joüsnubm nm`pctjgmr gc bhs sc nmovjcrtc krhvc Nhrcnc hncnehozh su pbcoh bjicrthg. kþocrjs quctrhosohnjmohbcs tc`c h bh bjicrthg gc bms co gc`ès. gc hsckurjghg co sus Bjicrthg prmpjms suj prjonjpjms. ^c`clhotc nmoncpnjþo sþbm nhic co bh `cothbjghg gc qujcocs sc

 

sjcotco sus icocfjnjhrjms y usufruntuhrjms cxnbusjvms. Bh vcrghgcrh bjicrthg gcicràh hbnhozhr h bms quc om nrcco co cbbh y hüo ehsth h bms quc prctcogho gcstrujrbh. Bh nmogunth om cs, sjo c`ihrkm, omvcgmsh. Nuhogm cb kmicrohotc gc turom cs uo gjnthgmr quc sjbconjh bhs vmncs gjsnrcphotcs, tjcoc bh nm`pbjnjghg y cb hpmym gc csms `js`ms pcrjþgjnms quc, phrh cb nhsm, eho jovcothgm uo têr`jom< cb bjicrtjohlc. Sojnh`cotc cbbms cstèo nhphnjthgms phrh gcfjojrgþogc tcr`joh bh bjicrthg y gþogc nm`jcozh cb cb bjicrtjohlc. Cb fhbsm tc`mr gc Cb Nm`crnjm y bms gc`ès vmncrms gc bh ^JQ co cb nmotjocotc cs quc ‒sc bcs mibjkuc h nm`prhr bms scrvjnjms gc csh hkconjh‐. M quc ‒csc hbkujco" bcs mibjkuc h

puibjnhr sus jofmr`hnjmocs, bm quc ‒scràh `ès krhvc‐. Qcrm, ½qujêo pmgràh mibjkhrbms h nm`prhr m h puibjnhr= Cb om`irh`jcotm gc nmrrcspmoshbcs gc  HBH^CJ co bhs nhpjthbcs gcb nmotjocotc sc nmovjrtjþ co uoh ‒hncnehozh nmotrh bh pbcoh bjicrthg‐. ½^c tc`c quc uo

nmrrcspmoshb ohtjvm, sjo pmsjijbjghg gc trhospmocr oj bh pmrtcràh gcb pcrjþgjnm, hbnhonc cb nmotrmb gc nhgh uom gc bms gjhrjms gc bh ^JQ=  Qmr supucstm om cxpbjnh gc quê `hocrh uoh `mgcsth hkconjh hbtcrohtjvh gc scrvjnjms cspcnjhbcs gc prcosh pmoc co pcbjkrm bh bjicrthg gc cxprcsjþo co cb nmotjocotc. ^c trhth gc uo cgjtmrjhb gcsjofmr`htjvm gcstjohgm h ncrrhrbc cb hnncsm gcb nmrrcspmoshb h bhs fucotcs gc jofmr`hnjþo, nm`m uo phsm phrh bmkrhr su gcshphrjnjþo. Co nuhotm hb `jbbþo y `cgjm gc gþbhrcs fuc uoh `ucstrh `ès gc! gcsphrphlm nmo cb quc `jcotc bh prcosh bbh`hgh scrjh. Cs phrtc gcb hprcogjzhlc gc bhs bcnnjmocs gc bh ^JQ, conhrkhgh gc gjsc`johr co cb nmotjocotc bhs fhbscghgcs jovcothghs y rcghnthghs pmr bh nàh.  Hgc`ès gc bh rcuojþo houhb gc bh sjp y gc bh ijhouhb gc su Nm`jsjþo gc Bjicrthg gc Qrcosh quc nmokrckh h sus hfjbjhgms co bhs nhpjthbcs bhtjomh`crjnhohs quc sc cbjkco pmr rhzmocs pmbàtjnhs -nmovmnhrmo uoh co Bj`h, nm`m uoh prmvmnhnjþo hb kcocrhb Luho Vcbhsnm Hbvhrhgm. Mtrh co Nejbc, nuhogm kmicrohih cb prcsjgcotc ^hbvhgmr Hbbcogc y eho nmofjr`hgm quc bh gc 8::1 sc rchbjzhrè co @hohkuh- bms smnjms rcnjico gc su ncotrhb gjrcntjvhs prcnjshs `cgjhotc imbctjocs nmofjgconjhbcs cxnbusjvms phrh sus `jc`irms. Bms cstugjmsms gc bms `cgjms gc nm`uojnhnjþo om eho pmgjgm hnncgcr hb nmomnj`jcotm gc csms imbctjocs oj co bh mfjnjoh ncotrhb gc bh sjp co @jh`j. ^u gcsnuirj`jcotm fuc pmsjibc co Bj`h, nuhogm bh cxprmpjhnjþo gc bms pcrjþgjnms co 8:;7.

8>:

 

Mrkhojzhnjmocs, scnths y mtrms nmbmojzhgmrcs 

Hgc`ès gc bms `cgjms gc nm`uojnhnjþo y cotrctcoj`jcotm quc nm`prcogco gcsgc cb Yhtþo @jndcyh bhs trhosohnjmohbcs gc omtjnjhs vàh shtêbjtc, cxjstco mtrms mrkhojs`ms quc nu`pbco h pbcojtug bhs nmosjkohs gcb ‒trust gc ncrcirms‐ gc [èsejoktmo. Cb `ès

j`pmrthotc, nmo fjbjhbcs quc hgmptho gjstjotms om`ircs co uo ncotcohr gc phàscs, cs bh Bjkh Hotjnm`uojsth Jotcrohnjmohb. Buckm cstèo cb Nmosclm H`crjnhom gc ^ckurjghg, bh Ecrjthkc Fmuoghtjmo, cb Jostjtutm gc Cstugjm gc Nmotbjntms, cb Ncotrm gc Jovcstjkhnjmocs Cstrhtêkjnhs y gc Ycbhnjmocs Cxtcrjmrcs, bh Frmotcrh Cbcvhgh, bh Fuoghnjþo Ohnjmohb phrh bh Gc`mnrhnjh y sckurh`cotc hbkuoms mtrms `ès quc pmr sus nhrhntcràstjnhs gc jotcbjkconjh y trhihlm conuijcrtm om smo nmomnjgms. Qcrm, pmr sus mirhs bms nmomncrêjs. ^cküo ou`crmsms hrtànubms gc Bc @mogc Gjpbm`htjn,  rcspctumsm gcb gcrcnem gc rcntjfjnhnjþo -quc sjo c`ihrkm, om eh sjgm ouonh jovmnhgm pmr ojokuoh gc sus puibjnhnjmocs puibjnhnjmo cs rcbhnjmohghs nmo cstc tc`h- cxjstco hbkuohs nmrpmrhnjmocs trhosohnjmohbcs quc fmr`ho sus prmpjms scrvjnjms scnrctms. ^mo phrtjghrjms gc rckà`cocs nm`m bms gc Nejbc y Hfrjnh gcb ^ur4 vco nmo sj`phtàh-huoquc om ehy prucihs gc quc bm fjohonjco- h bms nmomnjgms csnuhgrmocs gc bh `ucrtc4 prckmoho ‒bh nmhbjnjþo gc bh phz `cgjhotc bh fucrzh‐4 y om eho tcojgm rcphrms co utjbjzhr h nrj`johbcs ohzjs nm`m h Dbhus Ihrij. Mtrh mrkhojzhnjþo, gcom`johgh [cstcro [cstcro Kmhbs (@cths Mnnjgcothbcs) fuc fuoghgh pmr Bhrry @c Gmohbg, cx prcsjgcotc gc bh rhnjsth ^mnjcghg Lmeo Ijrne. Hb scrvjnjm gc bhs nh`phøhs gc gcsjofmr`hnjþo cstèo vhrjhs nmokrckhnjmocs, jkbcsjhs y scnths. Om cs jomncotc bh hphrjnjþo gc uoh scrjc gc csths rcbjkjmocs co cb Wcrncr @uogm, nmo nhphnjghg cnmoþ`jnh phrh bcvhothr comr`cs tc`pbms nm`m bms `mr`mocsm Jkbcsjh gc bms ^hotms gc bms Sbtj`ms Gàhs4 bms ihtjibhonms4 bhs jkbcsjhs fuogh`co- thfjsths omrtch`crjnhohs, nuyms `hymrcs prcgjnhgmrcs smo bms rcvcrcogms Lcrry [cbb y Qht Ymicrsmo, nmo rh`jfjnhnjmocs co H`êrjnh Bhtjoh, Hsjh y Hfrjnh. Bc @mogc Gjpbm`htjn  jonbuyc co csth rcbhnjþo, $8 Mpus Gcb, "csh `hfjh gjvjoh nm`m fucrh nhbjfjnhgm pmr bms lcsuàths y quc rcnbuth h lcfcs gc bhs fucrzhs hr`hghs y pmbjnjhbcs y h clcnutjvms gc krhogcs c`prcshs co sctcoth phàscs y nucoth nmo ;11 `jb

8 H

 

`jc`irms". Cb Xpus Gcj puibjnh 611 gjhrjms, gjspmoc gc 31 csthnjmocs gc rhgm y tcbcvjsjþo y gmnc hkconjhs hkconjhs Jofmr`htjvhs. tj `ès krhogc mrkhojzhnjþo rcbjkjmsh cstè nmotrmbhgh pmr cb j`pcrjm gc @mmo. Lcho Frhonmjs co su bjirm Cb J`pcrjm @mmo, bh nmosjgcrh cotrc uoh gc bhs 31 `ès krhogcs gcb `uogm, rcprcscothgh co 811 phàscs nmo `jbbmocs gc gcshb`hgms gc Gjms gjspucstms h hnhihr nmo ^hthoès y sus phrtjghrjms. Gcsgc buckm quc ^hthoès y sus phrtjghrjms smo tmgms bms quc `jbjtho co bms phrtjgms prmkrcsjsths gcb `uogm. Cb j`pcrjm gcb nmrchom @mmo fjohonjh, cotrc mtrhs jostjtunjmocs, h bh Nhush Jotcrohnjmohb h nuyhs rcuojmocs hsjstco vhrjms cxgjnthgmrcs gcb Wcrncr @uogm, nm`m cb kcocrhb Frhonjsnm @mrhbcs Icr`ügcz gcb Qcrü. Cxjstc mtrh jostjtunjþo sc`clhotc co sus milctjvms hotjsmnjhbjsths y gc gcfcosh gc bh bjirc c`prcsh y gcb ‒`uogm bjirc‐, nm`m cb Jostjtutm ^nejbbcr, fjohonjhgm pmr cb nmomnjgm

csthfhgmr omrtch`crjnhom Byogmo Bh Ymunec, nmo prmncsms hijcrtms co vhrjms csthgms gc bh Sojþo. Gjsc`johgms co cb Wcrncr @uogm, cstèo jkuhb`cotc bms bbh`hgms smbghgms gc bh fmrtuoh m `crncohrjms nuym bc`h `ès nmomnjgm cs ‒prcfjcrm `hthr nm`uojsths‐, hsà nm`m

pcqucøms krupms ocmohzjs, rhnjsths c jotckrhotcs gc bms csnuhgrmocs gc bh `ucrtc. Ehy `ès cetjghgcs bmnhbcs quc nmbhimrho nmo bh tcrncrh nmbmojzhnjþo< smo bhs mrkhojzhnjmocs sjogjnhbcs fjohonjhghs pmr bh  HFB-NJM y, mtrhs prmfcsjmohbcs, cspcnjhb`cotc gc pcrjmgjsths, gcstjohghs h rm`pcr bhs mrkhojzhnjmocs sjogjnhbcs y gcmotmbþkjnhs. Co bh gênhgh gc bms høms scscoth sc nrcþ bh Fcgcrhnjþo Jotcrh- `crjnhoh gc Mrkhojzhnjmocs gc Qcrjmgjsths Qrmfcsjmohbcs (FJMQQ),  quc nmo krho gcspbjckuc gc rcnursms cnmoþ`jnms ncotrhbjzþ h mrkhojzhnjmocs ohnjmohbcs. Bh FJMQQ csthih vjonubhgh nmo bh H`crjnho Ocws Qhpcr Kujbg, jotckrhotc y prjonjphb fjohonjhgmrh, h su vcz, gc bh Fcgcrhnjþo Jotcrohnjmohb gc Qcrjmgjsths (FJQ)  nmo scgc co Iruscbhs. Gcspuês sc csthibcncràh, pmr uoh nm`jsjþo jovcstjkhgmrh gcb ^cohgm gc Csthgms Sojgms, puibjnhgm nmo h`pbjtug co cb Ocw Zmrd Wj`cs, quc thotm bh FJMQQ nm`m cb H`crjnho Ocwsphpcr Kujbg cstuvjcrmo àotckrh`cotc fjohonjhgms pmr bh NÀH.  Bh Fcgcrhnjþo gc Qcrjmgjsths gcb Qcrü, quc co csc `m`cotm cstuvm prcsjgjgh pmr cb pcrjmgjsth Ymgmbfm Cspjohr, fuc bh prj`crh co gcouonjhr y rcouonjhr h bh FJMQ.  Hotcs gc tm`hr csh gcnjsjþo, Cspjohr ehiàh hkmthgm kcstjmocs phrh quc bc cxpbjnhrho gc gþogc fbuàho bms gþbhrcs phrh phshlcs, jovjthnjmocs y

 

cvcotms. Bh rcvcbhnjþo ecneh pmr cb Ocw Zmrd Wj`cs, co su cgjnjþo gcb 91 gc fcircrm gc 8:6;, bc gjm bh rhzþo y bh rcspucsth< fbuàho gc bh NÀH.  Høms gcspuês, co `hym gc 8:58, nmo cb nbhrm milctjvm gc qucirhr h bh Fcgcrhnjþo Bhtjomh`crjnhoh gc Qcrjmgjsths (FCBHQ)  sc nrcþ bh hntuhb`cotc prþspcrh Fcgcrhnjþo Jicrmh`crjnhoh gc Hsmnjhnjmocs gc Qcrjmgjsths (FJHQ)  nmo cb prctcxtm gc ‒gcfcogcr bh purczh gcb jgjm`h nhstcbbhom". ^u fuoghgmr cs cb pcrjmgjsth Lmsê @hràh Hosþo, cxgjrcntmr gc bh hkconjh jotcrohnjmohb CFC y nmomnjgm hntjvjsth gc bh mrkhojzhnjþo hotjnm`uojsth Wrjbhtcrhb. Hosþo csnrjijþ uo omthibc hrtànubm tjtubhgm Bh Xujoth Qbu`h,  puibjnhgm co bh `hymràh gc pcrjþgjnms gc bh ^JQ.  Hosþo nrjtjnhih h bh NÀH gc csthr jofjbtrhgh pmr bh ‒qujoth pbu`h‐ y gc om ehicrbh, pmr csm, pmgjgm gcrrmthr. ^cküo

Hosþo, cb mrgco smnjhb y cnmoþ`jnm gc mnnjgcotc cstè `johgm pmr hkcotcs suivcrsjvms jofjbtrhgms co tmgms bms `cgjms gc nm`uojnhnjþo, co bh nètcgrh, cb bjirm, ‒cW hrtc y co bms nàrnubms jotcbcntuhbcs, hsà nm`m pmr cb nbcrm nhtþbjnm, _hbj`cothgms tmgms pmr cb ‒mrm gc @msnü‐. Qhrh Hosþo pcrtcocnco h bh ‒qujoth pbu `h8* tmgms bms pcrjmgjsths_ rcbjkjmsms,

jotcbcntuhbcs, gjrjkcotcs sjogjnhbcs y prmfcsjmohbcs quc nmbhimrco nmo bh suivcrsjþo kcocrhb gc bh nubturh4 bms quc hpbhugco cb prmkrcsjs`m gc bh Jkbcsjh4 bms quc csnrjico h fhvmr gcb gjvmrnjm4 bms quc om nrcco co bhs vàrkcocs y co sus `jbhkrms4 bms quc om tm`ho `uy scrjh`cotc hb Qhph4 bms quc nmogcoho bhs tmrturhs `jbjthrcs4 bms quc rchbjzho nh`phøhs cnmbþkjnhs. Wh`ijêo bms mircrms nmo sus ‒prmvmnhgmrcs pbjckms gc rcnbh`ms‐4 bms nràtjnms gc bhs ncotrhbcs ounbchrcs, ctn. Qhrh ‒vcbhr pmrquc sc nmoscrvc bh uojghg gcb jgjm`h nhstcbbhom, hsà nm`m bh purczh gcb `js`m‐, cb scømr Hosþo gcstjoþ -hphrcotc`cotc gc su rcgunjgm sucbgm gc

gjrcntmr gc CFC-,  gjocrm sufjnjcotc phrh kjrhr phshlcs gc jgh y vucbth h @hgrjg, nmo hbmlh`jcotm co emtcbcs gc prj`crh, phrh uo ncotcohr gc pcrjmgjsths gcb Wcrncr @uogm jonbuycogm h bms quc om ehibho nhstcbbhom. Emy, bh FJHQ cs uoh mrkhojzhnjþo nmo jokcotcs rcnursms cnmoþ`jnms, nmo fuonjmohrjms rcothgms y bmnhbcs co gjvcrshs nhpjthbcs, quc rchbjzh frcnucotcs sc`johrjms y rcuojmocs, nmo phshlcs y khstms gc csthgàh phkhgms phrh tmgms sus jovjthgms. Bh FJHQ,  gcsgc buckm, nucoth nmo cb hpmym gc bh ^JQ. 

 

Nhpàtubm V

GC^JOFMY@HNJÞO

‒Bh kucrrh psjnmbþkjnh tjcoc quc hpmrthr h bh

gcfcosh gcb `uogm bjirc `hymrcs rcsubthgms, gcsgc cb puotm gc vjsth gcb nmstm y gc su cfcntjvjghg, quc uoh kucrrh nmovconjmohb‐. Wecmgmrm Vhbconc, Gjrcntmr gc Mpcrhnjmocs Cspcnjhbcs gc bhs Fucrzhs Hr`hghs gc Csthgms Sojgms  Sojgms  ‒Hb rcnjijr jofmr`hnjþo `cgjhotc bhs nm`uoj -

nhnjmocs kbmihbcs josthotèochs, bh mpjojþo püibjnh `uogjhb sc cstè nmovjrtjcogm hncbcrhgh`cotc co  pmgcrm  pmg crmsh sh fuc fucrzh rzh pmb pmbàt àtjnh jnh nhp nhphz hz gc hpbjnh hpbjnhrr jofbuconjh gcnjsjvh smirc bh pmbàtjnh y bh nmogunth gc bms kmijcroms". Nehrbcs [jnd, gjrcntmr gc S^J^

 

^jkbm UU, sjkbm_gc bh`cotjrh LCo bh gênhgh gc bms njonucoth, nuhogm jr hb njoc crh nhsj uo rjtm, hotcs gc bh pcbànubh prjonjphb sc prmycnthiho bms jofmr`htjvms fjb`hgms smirc bh ^ckuogh Kucrrh @uogjhb. Crho bms omtjnjhrjms omrtch`crjnhoms gc bh rdm Qjnturcs  m @mvjctmoc,  nmo su `hrneh nhrhntcràstjnh y bh vmz nmovjoncotc gcb ohrrhgmr quc `unems hgmbcsncotcs trhthiho gc j`jthr. ^us eêrmcs crho bms smbghgms h`crjnhoms quc `hsnhiho Nejnbcts, fu`hiho Necstcr,  tcoàho puotcràh jofhbjibc y om bc tc`àho h bhs ihbhs oj h bh `ucrtc. Cb coc`jkm crh iruthb, tmrpc, hscsjom y nmihrgc. Cb omtjnjhrjm `mstrhih bhs ihthbbhs trjuofhgmrhs y, nuhogm bms lhpmocscs trcphgms nm`m `moms co bms èrimbcs sc qucghiho gucøms gc bh jsbh, bms eêrmcs gcrrmthgms lurhiho vmbvcr. Bhs buncs gcb jotcr`cgjm smrprcogàho h bms cspcnthgmrcs hpbhugjcogm cotusjhsths bhs prmczhs gc bhs trmphs hbjhghs. Høms `ès thrgc, gcspuês gc bh vjntmrjh fjohb, sc jojnjhih bh kucrrh fràh. Bms `hbms gclhrmo gc scr bms ojpp-ohzj-fhsnjsths phrh ncgcr su bukhr h bms nm`uojsths. Cb ncbubmjgc y bhs omtjnjhs gc pcrjþgjnms y rhgjms bms `mstrhiho pcmrcs< hrrhonhiho h bms ojøms jotcrru`pjcogm su bhnthonjh- gcb bhgm gc sus `hgrcs phrh quc gc cbbms sc ejnjcrh nhrkm cb phrtjgm. Jkuhb quc h bms pèrvubms, gc bms emkhrcs nh`pcsjoms sc bbcvhiho bms hoj`hbcs gm`êstjnms. Co bhs njughgcs hrrmlhiho h bms ehijthotcs gc sus vjvjcoghs y bms quc sc rcsjstàho crho trhsbhghgms h bms trhihlms fmrzhgms gc ^jicrjh. Bms hgmbcsncotcs om shiàho `uy ijco gþogc uijnhr co cb `hph h csh rckjþo fràh, pcrm tcoàho bh ncrtjgu`irc quc sc trhthih gc uo jofjcrom kbhnjhb smirc bh tjcrrh.

873

 

Hotcs gc nmotc`pbhr bhs ihrihrjghgcs gc bh kucrrh gc Nmrch -bms ièrihrms crho bþkjnh`cotc bms ‒hkrcsmrcs nmrchoms‐- bm quc `ès j`phntþ y prmvmnþ scotj`jcotms gc mgjm y gc tcrrmr fucrmo bms fh`msms @hu @hu. Bbckhrmo h nmovconcr quc csms em`ircs ockrms crho tcrrjibcs hscsjoms quc `hthiho h bms ibhonms phrh shnjhr su scg em`jnjgh. Bms @hu @hu fucrmo pjothgms nm`m shbvhlcs quc `hthiho hb em`irc ibhonm pmr rcscotj`jcotm rhnjhb. Vjmbhiho, hscsjohiho y, nm`m nhoàihbcs quc crho, sc bms nm`àho buckm, scküo puibjnþ nmo bulm gc gcthbbcs co sus ‒nmogcoshgms‐ bh rcvjsth ^cbcnnjmocs gcb Ych- gcr‚s Gjkcst. Co cb nmbckjm, phrh gcojkrhr h uo hgvcrshrjm, sc bm hpmghih @hu @hu. Co su csnhbh gc vhbmrcs bms pusjcrmo hb `js`m ojvcb quc h bms coc`jkms gcb clc gcb qujoqucojm hotcrjmr. Qmrquc om sþbm crh cb njoc. Bhs `js`hs nmshs bhs csnunehiho y bcàho co bms jofmr`htjvms gc bh rhgjm y co bms pcrjþgjnms bmnhbcs quc sc outràho gc bhs omtjnjhs `mompmbjzhghs pmr Sojtcg Qrcss y  Hssm  Hs smnj njht htcg cg Qrcs Qrcss. s.  Bhs rcvjsths phrh ojøms y lþvcocs, bhs ejstmrjcths, bms ihrhtms bjirms gc imbsjbbm, bh pmpubhr ^cbcnnjmocs  y gcncohs gc puibjnhnjmocs `ès, sc conhrkhiho gc hbj`cothr bms scotj`jcotms hotj @hu @hu. Høms gcspuês, `mvjgms pmr bh nurjmsjghg gc csc coc`jkm gc bh eu`hojghg gc prmotm gcshphrcnjgm, rcnurrjcrmo hb gjnnjmohrjm. ½Co quê bukhr jofcrohb gcb pbhocth ehijthrmo y quê phsþ nmo bms @hu @hu= Jonrcàibc< ehsth cb gjnnjmohrjm nmjonjgàh smspcnemsh`cotc nmo bhs vcrsjmocs gc bms gc`ès `cgjms jofmr`htjvms. Cb gjnnjmohrjm conjnbmpêgjnm Xujbbct, cgjnjþo gc 8:;>, gcfjoc h bms @hu @hu gc bh sjkujcotc `hocrh< ‒^cnth

tcrrmrjsth hotjibhonh surkjgh cotrc bhs trjius gc ockrms djduyms quc ehijthiho bhs fêrtjbcs `cscths gc Dcoyh. Nuhogm bms jokbcscs sc csthibcnjcrmo co bh rckjþo gcnjgjcrmo quc ojoküo hfrjnhom m ejogü pmgràh trhihlhr co cbbhs, y hsjkohrmo h bms jogàkcohs zmohs, gcbj`jthghs. Cb `mvj`jcotm @hu @hu tuvm nm`m milctm cxpubshr h bms ibhonms y rcnupcrhr tms tcrrjtmrjms pcrgjgms4 bm conhiczþ Lm`m Dcrj- yhtth, hfrjnhom cgunhgm co Jokbhtcrrh, gc tcogconjh nm`uojsth. Bms djduyms @hu @hu hthnhiho pmr smrprcsh, y sus vàntj`hs sc nmothrmo pmr ncotcohrcs cotrc 8:31 y 8:36. H phrtjr gc 8:3> sc jotcosjfjnþ bh rchnnjþo irjtèojnh, y bms @hu @hu iusnhrmo rcfukjm co bhs zmohs imsnmshs. Gcsgc 8:3; sc bcvhothrmo hbkuohs `cgjghs rcprcsjvhs gc c`crkconjh, pcrm bh phnjfjnhnjþo gcb phàs om sc eh nu`pbjgm tmghvàh.‐

Gc ehicrsc jojnjhgm rcnjêo co cstc tjc`pm bh buneh pmr bh c`honjphnjþo gc H`êrjnh Bhtjoh, ½nþ`m euijcrho jofmr`hgm hb `uogm bhs

 

hkcoghs, cb njoc, bms gjnnjmohrjms y tmgms bms Jostru`cotms prmphkhogàstjnms, smirc Wüphn H`hru, ^ho @hrtào, Imbàvhr m ^unrc= ½Xujêocs euijcrho sjgm bms eêrmcs gc bhs ihthbbhs gc Nehnhiunm, @hjpü, Luoào m Hyhnunem= ½Bms omibcs csphømbcs quc om pmgàho ‒phnjfjnhr" h bms ‒jogjms shbvhlcs hotjibhonms"=  Ehy@hu uohfucrmo kcocrhnjþo nmovconjgh gc csh `cotjrh ygurhotc ehsth emy jkomrh quc bms @hu phtrjmths quc, nm`m bms krmtcsnh bhtjomh`crjnhoms bh gm`johnjþo csphømbh, bunehrmo pmr su jogcpcogconjh ohnjmohb. Cb tcrrjtmrjm gc bms @hu @hu fuc usurphgm pmr bh Krho Ircthøh gcspuês gc phrncbhr y gjstrjiujrsc Hfrjnh nmo Hbc`hojh, Frhonjh y Iêbkjnh cb sjkbm phshgm. ^j bh buneh pmr bh jogcpcogconjh ohnjmohb gc bh hntuhb Ycpüibjnh gc Dcoyh fuc co vcrghg nrucoth, cs pmrquc bh nmbmojhbjsth Jokbhtcrrh josthurþ hbbà cb Hphrtecjg, y nmosu`þ uom gc sus hnmstu`irhgms kcomnjgjms gc bh êpmnh. Bh omibczh jokbcsh prhntjnþ tjrm hb ibhonm smirc cstms ohtjvms, nm`m rcnmkjþ Kjhnmpcttj co su scrjc fàb`jnh Qcrrm @uogm.  Bh `js`h tênojnh gcsjofmr`htjvh eh j`prckohgm h `cgjh eu`hojghg uo rcnehzm nhsj jostjotjvm nmotrh bms `mvj`jcotms gc bjicrhnjþo ohnjmohb. H pucibms nm`m bms bhtjomh`crjnhoms sufrjcrmo nmbmojzhnjþo ehsthjogunjgm cb sjkbmh phshgm h sus bjicrthgmrcs nm`mquc h Imbàvhr y h ^ho @hrtào, bms eho rcnehzhry yemorho h nmovcrtjrsc co coc`jkms krhtujtms gc mtrms pucibms quc eho c`prcogjgm cb nh`jom quc rcbhtjvh`cotcc ehnc pmnm cbbms `js`ms rcnmrrjcrmo. rcbhtjvh`cot Eho ecnem rcnmomncr nm`m h eêrmcs gc bh ihthbbh gc Gjco Ijco Fu hb nmbmojhbjsth kcocrhb frhonês gcrrmthgm Gc Nhstrjcs y h su cofcr`crh smircvjvjcotc, cb ‒Hokcb gc Gjco

Ijco Fu", y nm`m ihogjgms h tms phtrjmths vjctoh`jths quc fjohb`cotc cxpubshrmo gc su sucbm hb usurphgmr nmbmojhb. @ès jotcosh, jotconjmohb y gcsnhrhgh fuc bh `cotjrh gjhrjh quc gmsjfjnhrmo hb `uogm gurhotc bh kucrrh gc csc ecrmjnm pucibm nmotrh tms Csthgms Sojgms. Hüo emy, nhsj 83 høms gcspuês gc su eu`jbbhotc gcrrmth, cb njoc, bh tcbcvjsjþo yjms nm`jns omrtch`crjnhoms, nmotjoüho nhbu`ojhogm y gcojkrhogm hb pucibm vjctoh`jth. euijcrhotrhosohnjmohbcs sjgm rchbcs bhs njfrhs gc ihlhsgms vjctoh`jths quc puibjnhiho co cb `uogm bhs ^jhkconjhs gc omtjnjhs, høms hotcs gc fjohbjzhgh bh nmotjcogh, Vjct Oh` gcijþ ehicr qucghgm sjo ehijthotcs nmo hptjtug phrh `hoclhr uo fusjb. Gcspuês gc quc' tms @hu @hu gcshphrcnjcrmo gc bhs prj`crhs pèkjohs nm`m sj sc euijcrho cvhpmrhgm gc bh tjcrrh, surkjcrmo oucvms

87;

 

`hbms< bms nmrchoms quc, h su vcz scràho sustjtujgms pmr mtrms pcmrcs< bms "vjctnmoks*. ^uncsjvh`cotc coscohràho h mgjhr h rusms, nejoms, h bms ihriugms nuihoms, h bjijms, phbcstjoms, jrhoàcs, hokmbhoms, `m- zh`ijnhoms, nh`imyhoms, bhmsjhoms, ojnhrhkòcoscs, krhohgjoms, ctn. Qhrcnc quc bms `hbms smo jotcr`johibcs. Irmtho pmr gmqujcr. Nhgh vcz hphrcnco `ès phàscs pcrvcrsms smirc cb pbhocth. Bms üojnms iucoms, bms quc sc prcmnupho gc shbvhr h tmgms bms gc`ès, tms quc sc eho nmovcrtjgm -sjo pcgjrbc pcr`jsm h ohgjc- co sus èokcbcs shbvhgmrcs, co ‒bms lþvcocs gc bh pcbànubh" smo sjc`prc, jovhrjhibc `cotc, bms omrtch`crjnhoms, ‒bms kuhrgjhocs gc bh bjicrthg‐. Cb hr`h nbhvc phrh cstc cokhøm uojvcrshb

cs bh `cotjrh gjfuogjgh co tmghs gjrcnnjmocs y hemrh gcsgc cb nms`ms. Bms hgmbcsncotcs gc bh gênhgh gcb scscoth, bcàho bhs ejstmrjcths co imkh y fmr`hiho krupms jovconjibcs quc sc bbh`hiho hsà `js`ms bms ehbnmocs ockrms, jospjrhgms co uoh scrjc pmpubhr gcb `js`m om`irc, gcgjnhgh h bj`pjhr cb `uogm gc nm`uojsths nmo pjstmbhs `ès rèpjghs quc bhs gcb mcstc omrtch`crjnhom. Gcspuês `mstrhràho hr`hs oucvhs nmo rhyms cxtcr`johgmrcs. Gc csh `hocrh, co cb mgjm h rusms, nejoms m nuihoms, fucrmo j`prckohogm bh nmonjconjh gc bms ojøms nmo uoh gmsjs nrcnjcotc gc vjmbconjh. Bh `ucrtc om cs `hbh nuhogm `ucrco bms coc`jkms. Gc `hocrh quc -huoquc sþbm sch co fjnnjþo- pucgco cotrctcocrsc `hthogm. Gcsgc cb sjkbm phshgm, co H`êrjnh Bhtjoh, hotcs, gurhotc y gcspuês gc nhgh jotcrvconjþo y mnuphnjþo `jbjthr omrtch`crjnhoh, bh `cotjrh lustjfjnhtmrjh eh sjgm gjstrjiujgh y nmosu`jgh nmo cxnbusjvjghg pmr bms gc`ès pucibms gcb nmotjocotc. Bh `cotjrh sc nmovjrtjþ co uo ockmnjm rcothibc nmo bh jovconjþo gcb pcrjmgjs`m h`hrjbbm. ^u nrchgmr, [jbbjh` Yhogmbpe Echrst, covjþ co uoh mpmrtuojghg hb fmtþkrhfm Frcgcrjn Yc`joktmo h Nuih nmo bh `jsjþo gc tm`hr fmtmkrhfàhs phrh êb Jovcothr bh kucrrh8. Bh gcsjofmr`hnjþo cs hotjkuh. Co pmbàtjnh cs trhgjnjmohb cokhøhr hb coc`jkm, hb nm`pctjgmr y ehsth hb h`jkm, phrh cb nu`pbj`jcotm gc fjocs prcvjstms. Ehncr nmomncr hb nmotrjonhotc nmotrjonho tc quc sc vh hthnhr pmr uo fbhonm nuhogm co rchbjghg cb hthquc scrè pmr cb mtrm, co bhs kucrrhs nmovconjmohbcs, sc nmomnc nmo cb om`irc gc `hojmirhs gjvcrsjmojs- ths, quc smo, co cb fmogm, `hojmirhs gc gcsjofmr`hnjþo. Cb joncogjm gc bh nhonjbbcràh co Icrbào, cb prmncsm lugjnjhb y bhs omtjnjhs quc sc prmpmrnjmohrmo h bms prmpjms hbc`hocs y hb `uogm, smo clc`pbms tàpjnms

ÊÒ

 

gc gcsjofmr`hnjþo. ^u milctjvm crh (bckhbjzhr y bjqujghr h bms nm`uojsths. Bh gcsjofmr`hnjþo gc bh Yhgjm Icrbào fuc cb pho gc nhgh gàh, gcsgc bms `m`cotms gc cxphosjþo vjntmrjmsh gcb ohzjs`m ehsth su gcrrmth fjohb. Co cb josthotc co quc Ejtbcr sc sujnjgþ, tmghvàh bh trjuofhbjsth c`jsmrh ohzj houonjhih cb hrrjim gc j`hkjohrjhs trmphs shbvhgmrhs. Emy vjvj`ms bh cthph gc bh gcsjofmr`hnjþo h bh h`crjnhoh, `unem `ès smfjstjnhgh, njcotàfjnh y nmo hugjtmrjms jbj`jthgms. ^u sustcotm, sjo c`ihrkm, sjkuc sjcogm cb fhbsch`jcotm m bh jovconjþo gc hnmotcnj`jcotms. Bh gcsjofmr`hnjþo cs csconjhb`cotc `cotjrmsh y, nm`m thb, jo`mrhb y htcothtmrjh nmotrh bh gjkojghg eu`hoh. Bms `êtmgms gc gcsjofmr`hnjþo, utjbjzhgms omr`hb`cotc pmr bhs hkconjhs trhosohnjmohbcs gc omtjnjhs y pmr bh prcosh gjhrjh, fucrmo sjstc`htjzhgms pmr cb ‒csnrjtmr urukuhym @hrjm

Icocgcttj y prcscothgms nm`m pmoconjh, nmo cb tàtubm gc @hojmirhs y `cnhojs`ms gc gcsjofmr`hnjþo co cb Nmokrcsm gc Jotcbcntuhbcs gc Bh Ehihoh co 8:56. Qmr su nhrèntcr sjotêtjnm y pcghkþkjnm sc rcprmgunc bh phrtc nmrrcspmogjcotc gc su pmoconjh< ‒Cxjstc

uoh h`pbjh scrjc gc vhrjhotcs gcsjofmr`htjvhs, h shicr< h. Jofmr`hrbm nmotrhrjm gc bm hnhcnjgm. Cstc `htjz cs tho iurgm quc 'emy nhsj om sc ush,

i.

n.

g. c.

hb `coms co bms pcrjþgjnms gc bhs krhogcs njughgcs, pucs sc nmrrc cb rjcskm gc qucghr co rjgànubm sj mtrm þrkhom gc prcosh -om ocncshrjh`cotc `ès emocstm, sjom `ès sutjb m `ès eèijb- pmoc co cvjgconjh gcb püibjnm bh jocxhntjtug. Jofmr`hr sþbm uoh phrtc gc bm suncgjgm.  Gcsgc cb pu otm gc vjsth gc bh vmbuothg gcsjofmr`hgmrh, tjcoc bh vcothlh gc quc bm gcsnrjtm eh mnurrjgm cfcntjvh`cotc y cb bcntmr om tjcoc pmr quê shicr quc bh pmrnjþo m`jtjgh pmgràh ghr h bh omtjnjh uo sjkojfjnhgm cxhnth`cotc mpucstm hb quc sc gcsprcogc gc bh phrtc puibjnhgh. ^uprj`jr uoh phrtc j`pmrthotc gc uoh njth,  gc `mgm quc bm trhosnrjtm sukjcrh hbkm susthonjhb`cotc gjstjotm h bm quc eh cxprcshgm cb pcrsmohlc gc `hrrhs. Cbbm tjcoc, gcsgc cb puotm gc vjsth gc bh gcsjofmr`hnjþo, bh vcothlh gc quc, sj hphrcnc uo nmotrhgjntmr, cb crrmr pucgc scr cxpbjnhgm nm`m uoh sj`pbc crrhth.  Hjsb  Hj sbhr hr uoh uoh njt njth h gc gc ssu u nnmo motc tcxxtm tm.. Bh njth pucgc scr tcxtuhb, y sjo êfeihrkm hgqujrjr, co su hjsbh`jcotm, uo sjkojfjnhgm tmthb`cotc gjstjotm. Gjstmrsjmohr uo ecnem hnhcnjgm,  `hotcojcogm uoh phrtc gc vcrghg. Gc csc `mgm pucgc phrcncr vcrmsà`jb bh jocxhntjtug quc prmpmoc cb rcstm gc bh omtjnjh.

 

f. àtubm jocxhntm m tcogconjmsm phrh uoh omtjnjh vcrhz`cotc gcsnrjth. Cxjstc uo iuco

oü`crm gc bcntmrcs quc rcnmrrco bhs pèkjohs gc uo gjhrjm bcycogm tho sþbm bms tjtubhrcs. Cb hutmr gc bh `hojmirh nucoth nmo csc eèijtm phrh vcogcrbc hb bcntmr bh gcfmr`hnjþo gc uoh omtjnjh. k. Ssm tcogconjmsm y gcsnhbjfjnhgmr gcb hglctjvm m bhs nm`jbbhs.  ^j h üoh omtjnjh hismbuth`cotc vcrhz pcrm quc nmotrhgjnc bh vcrsjþo mfjnjhb gc bhs trhosohnjmohbcs, sc bc hkrckh sj`pbc`cotc bh phbhirh supucstm (cb supucstm rcspmoshibc gcb jonjgcotc, bh supucsth vàntj`h, ctn.) bh omtjnjh pucgc nh`ijhr gc scotjgm y gc phsm gcsnhbjfjnhr h qujcocs bh eho jotrmgunjgm co cb `ughibc `crnhgm gc bh jofmr`hnjþo. Qmr mtrh phrtc, bhs nm`jbbhs mpmrtuoh`cotc hkrckhghs co uo tjtubhr, pucgco sc`irhr bh nmofusjþo m gctcrjmrhr uoh hntjtug. So clc`pbm< nuhogm cb pucrtm ojnhrhkòcosc gc Nmrjo- tm fuc im`ihrgchgm pmr bms nmotrhs, uo pcrjþgjnm `hgrjbcøm jofmr`þ quc bh gcbckhnjþo ojnhrhkòcosc co Ohnjmocs Sojghs gcouonjhràh bh hkrcsjþo. Bh omtjnjh csthih fjcb`cotc gcsnrjth pcrm bh phbhirh hkrcsjþo fjkurhih cotrc nm`jbbhs. Cshs sj`pbcs nm`jbbhs bc trhs`jtàho hb bcntmr uoh scrjc gc nm`cothrjms suibj`j ohbcs, quc pmgàho rcsu`jrsc hsà< ―Cstms ojnhs sjc`prc gcouonjhogm hkrcsjmocs m jovcotèogmbhs‚.  e. ^j`ubhnjþo gc cstjbm milctjvm. Nm`m cs omtmrjm, cxjstc uo cstjbm 'pcrjmgàstjnm milctjvm, c`pbchgm -y pmr bm nm`üo cxjkjgm h bms pcrjmgjsths gc bh prcosh bbh`hgh scrjh- om sþbm nm`m uo sàotm`h gc nmecrconjh jofmr`htjvh sjom th`ijêo nm`m uoh khrhotàh gc vcrhnjghg. Quc'* ijco, cb cstjbm milctjvm th`ijêo pucgc scr sj`ubhgm h fjo gc ghr uoh hphrjconjh gc gcnmrm h bh `ès cokhømsh gc bhs jofmr`hnjmocs. J. Gcscqujbjirhr bms ghtms nmo gctcr`johgh jotconjþo pmbàtjnh. Cs frcnucotc quc nuhogm bms gjhrjms om tjcoco `ès rc`cgjm quc trhosnrjijr uoh omtjnjh quc pucgc gcsprcstjkjhr, gjkh`ms, h bms Csthgms Sojgms, trhjkho h nmbhnjþo mtrh omtjnjh, quc pucgc om vcojr h nucotm, pcrm qucgcic gcsprcstjkjh hb mtrm ihogm. Gjkh`ms< Csthgms Sojgms jovhgc Krhohgh cb pcrjmgjsth iusnhr bh `hocrh gc nuhogm `conjmohr hsj`js`m bh prcsconjh smvjêtjnh co Hfkhojstèo. @crncg h cstc cxpcgjcotc, quc h prj`crh vjsth pucgc phrcncr jokcoum, bh prmphkhogh omrtch`crjnhoh eh nmosckujgm quc Hfkhojstèo sjkh sjcogm emy uoh omtjnjh gc prj`cr rhokm, co

831

 

thotm quc Krhohgh, tmghvàh mnuphgh pmr bhs trmphs omrtch`crjnhohs, eh sjgm mbvjghgh. Z cstm phrh om `conjmohr h Kuhotèoh`m, mnuphgh pmr bms Csthgms Sojgms gcsgc ehnc `ès gc 51 høms, mprmijm hb quc ohgjc, shbvm bms nuihoms, ehnco rcfcrconjh, l. Imrrhr -m pmr bm `coms c`phøhr- bh ejstmrjh.  Cs gcnjr, qujthr gc bh ejstmrjh hqucbbms ecnems quc pucgco prcscothr uràh j`hkco nrucb gc tms Csthgms Sojgms. H vcncs bh `hojpubhnjþo oi mnurrc gjrcnth`cotc co bh prcosh, sjom co bhs rcpcrnusjmocs quc êsth kcocrh. Cb 6 gc hkmstm gc 8:53 sc nu`pbjcrmo 71 høms gcb hthquc htþ`jnm h Ejrmsej`h. Co thb mnhsjþo cb hntuhb hbnhbgc gc csh njughg prmouonjþ uo gjsnursm `uy c`mtjvm co cb quc rcnmrgþ bh trhkcgjh gc tms smircvjvjcotcs y himkþ pmr bh phz4 co nh`ijm, om `conjmoþ oj uoh smbh vcz h bms Csthgms Sojgms, oj sjqujcrh h àru`ho, hutmr jotcbcntuhb gcb kcomnjgjm. ½^crè quc Ejrmsej`h sc pusm johgvcrtjgh`cotc gcihlm gc uoh im`ih gc hutmr hoþoj`m= Co csc nmotcxtm om rcsubth smrprcogcotc uo ecnem quc bj`jth nmo cb hisurgm< sc`hohs hotcs gc csc hojvcrshrjm, sc bbcvþ h nhim uoh conucsth cotrc tms csnmbhrcs lhpmocscs. Bh prckuoth crh< ―½Xujêo hrrmlþ bh im`ih htþ`jnh smirc Ejrmsej`h=‚. Bh krho `hymràh gc bms ojøms rcspmogjþ< ―Bms rusms‚, d. Cgjtmrjhbjzhr nmo bms tàtubms.  H

vcncs cb tcxtm gc bh omtjnjh cs gc ' cstjbm milctjvm pcrm cb tàtubm pucgc irjoghr uo lujnjm pmbàtjnm smirc bh `js`h. H `cgjhgms gc 8:53 sc bbcvhrmo h nhim co Curmph vhrjhs rcuojmocs gcpmrtjvhs nmo cb smtm fjo gc csthibcncr oucvhs `hrnhs `uogjhbcs. Cb pcrjþgjnm sujzm Bc Lmurohb  gc   gc Kjocirh, quc vcoàh houonjhogm nmo krhogcs tjtubhrcs tms om`ircs gc qujcocs jiho mitcojcogm oucvms rcnmrgs, nuhogm cb rcnmrg`ho fuc uo smvjêtjnm sj`pbc`cotc tjtubþ< ―So em`irc shbtþ 9.71‚". 

Ehy uoh gcsjofnr`hnjþo cxpbmthgh pmr cb pcrjmgjs`m h`hrjbbm, sjo `ès milctjvms quc bh vcoth gcb pcrjþgjnm m bh `hymr sjotmoàh gc bh c`jsmrh< ‒pjcosco uo iuco tjtubhr

quc ym fhirjnm bh omtjnjh@uc cb bc`h gc Echrst. Nmo clc`pbms pmgràho bbcohrsc ijibjmtcnhs. Qcrm cstc tjpm gc gcsjofmr`hnjþo, hb fjo y hb nhim, pucgc nmosjgcrhrsc icojkoh, jomnuh c jomfcosjvh nm`phrhgh nmo hqucbbh quc nu`pbc milctjvms tèntjnms y cstrhtêkjnms co pmbàtjnh y kcmpmbàtjnh. Cb hr`h prjonjphb gc bh kucrrh fràh h phrtjr gc bh gênhgh gc bms høms 31 sc sustcoth co bh gcs

838

 

jofmr`hnjþo. Cb scohgmr @c Nhrtey y cb tcrrmr psjnmbþkjnm quc nrcþ co su prmpjm phàs y co cb cxtcrjmr sc outrjþ gc bh tcrkjvcrshnjþo y gc bh `cotjrh. Cs gcnjr gc bh gcsjofmr`hnjþo. Bh prmphkhogh fmr`h phrtc gc bh jofmr`hnjþo. Co rchbjghg om ehy prmphkhogh -h fhvmr m co nmotrh- sjo jofmr`hnjþo. Cb scskm quc sc gh h uoh omtjnjh bbcvh j`pbànjth bh prmphkhogh, fhvmrhibc m hgvcrsh. Bh jofmr`hnjþo milctjvh -gc bh quc cb pcrjmgjs`m omrtch`crjnhom sc nmosjgcrhih su `clmr nubtmr- om eh cxjstjgm ouonh y om bh ehirè lh`ès `jcotrhs scho scrcs eu`homs bms quc vcho uo hnmotcnj`jcotm y buckm tm trhosnrjiho phrh nmomnj`jcotm püibjnm. Qucgc ehicr emocstjghg pcrm gjfànjb`cotc sc bmkrhrè uoh cspcnjc gc milêtbvàghg quà`jnh`cotc purh. Bh milctjvjghg hb njco pmr njcotm cs nm`m cshs cxpcrjconjhs quc rcqujcrco rchbjzhrsc co bhimrhtmrjm y hb vhnàm. Cb pcrjmgjsth quc bm bmkrc gcicrè csthr gcsprclujnjhgm, gcsnmoncptuhbjzhgm y gcspcrsmohY9hgþ. Om scr pmbàtjnh`cotc gc jzqujcrgh, ncotrm m gcrcneh, oj gc bms `htjncs jotcr`cgjms. Oj rcbjkjmsm ol hotjrcbjkjmsm y scr jonhphz gc sj`phtjzhr nmo ojokuoh nhush oj nmo hbküo prmthkmojsth. So em`irc ocutrm pmr sus nuhtrm nmsthgms. Bh pcbànubh lhpmocsh Yhsem`mo `mstrþ nuhtrm vcrsjmocs gjfcrcotcs smirc uo `js`m nrj`co, jonbuycogm bh gcnbhrhnjþo pmr `cgjm gcb cspjrjtjs`m, gc bh prmpjh vàntj`h. Hb] pcrjmgjsth m co kcocrhb hb nm`uojnhgmr smnjhb om ehy quc cxjkjrbc, co nmoscnuconjh, quc sch milctjvm sjom quc sch fuogh`cothb`cotc emocstm. Bh prmphkhogh pmbàtjnh ihshgh emy co bhs tênojnhs gc bh puibjnjghg nm`crnjhb eh gcvcojgm gcsemocsth. Bh gcsjofmr`hnjþo cs bh prèntjnh gc bh `cotjrh gcbjicrhgh. Cb ehijthotc gc bh Wjcrrh sc cotcrh gc bms hnmotcnj`jcotms pmr cb pcrjþgjnm, bh rhgjm m bh tcbcvjsjþo. ^j tmgms cstms `cgjms nmjonjgco cxhnth`cotc co tms `coshlcs, bms hsu`c h pbcojtug, nm`m vcrghg hismbuth, sjo prcmnuphrsc `hymr`cotc co rcfbcxjmocs. Bh fhbth gc jofmr`hnjþo hbtcrohtjvh, nmovjcrtc h bh suyh co nhtcnjs`m.

Bhs omtjnjhs prcphrhghs smirc ecnems om rchbjzhgms y gjvubkhgms hb `uogm nm`m hnmotcnj`jcotms rchbcs, ouonh eho sjgm jomfcosjvhs. Co 8:67, bhs hkconjhs trhosohnjmohbcs SQJ y  HQ gjstrjiuycrmo h tmghs bhs rcghnnjmocs gc bh Wjcrrh bh omtjnjhgm uo hthquc gc bh `hrjohgm Vjct Oh` gcb Omrtc h uo gcstruntmr omrtch`crjnhom omrtch`crjnhom co cb Kmbfm gc Wmodào. Bh ‒rchnnjþo‐ omrtch`crjnhoh fuc su jo`cgjhth jonursjþo `jbjthr y cb 

839

 

¡ojgm gc bh kucrrh om gcnbhrhgh h Vjct Oh`. ^jo c`ihrkm, cb jonjgcotc gcb Kmbfm gc Wmodfo lh`ès sc prmgulm shbvm co bh j`hkjohnjþo gc bms cxpcrtms gcb Qcotèkmom y gcb kmijcrom gc Csthgms Sojgms, quc ehiàho gcnjgjgm jovhgjr h uo phàs tho gjsthotc gmogc cb `høhoh gc H`êrjnh gcb Omrtc cs cb emy gcb ^ugcstc Hsjètjnm. Om fuc joêgjtm cb prmncgj`jcotm phrh bms hkrcsmrcs. Cb sjkbm phshgm, phrh gcnbhrhr bh kucrrh h Csphøh co tcrrjtmrjm nuihom, sc utjbjzþ nm`m prctcxtm cb jonjgcotc gcb @hjoc.  ^þbm quc csh vcz bh omtjnjh om fuc tmthb`cotc jovcothgh. Bms prmpjms `hrjoms omrtch`crjnhoms ejnjcrmo cxpbmthr cb ihrnm y phrh ghrbc vcrmsj`jbjtug gc uo htcothgm gclhrmo gcotrm phrtc gc bh trjpubhnjþo jotckrhgh pmr ockrms. Bh gcsjofmr`hnjþo cs hr`h csconjhb gc bh kucrrh psjnmbþkjnh, kcocrhb`cotc c`pbchgh phrh hibhoghr h bh mpjojþo püibjnh j otcrohnjm- 'ohbqüc lustjfjquc m pmr bm `coms sc cxpbjquc bh rhzþo gc bh jotcrvconjþo `jlltkBr `jlltkBr.. Cs th`ijêo hotjkum cb nmomnj`jcotm quc bh prmphkhogh prcncgc h bms'clêrnjtms. Hsà suncgc sjc`prc co H`êrjnh Bhtjoh. Sojtcg Qrcss y  Hs  Hssm smnj njht htcg cg Qrcss, nmo bh nm`pbjnjghg gc `cgjms gc jofmr`hnjþo bmnhbcs co cb nmotjocotc, nmovconjcrmo h bms bhtjomh`crjnhoms gc bh prcsconjh gc sui`hrjoms smvjêtjnms co Ycpüibjnh Gm`jojnhoh y gcb gcsc`ihrnm gc trmphs rushs -thoqucs jonbujgms- co bhs nhbbcs nmbmojhbcs gc ^hotm Gm`jokm co hirjb gc8:63.Nm`m ‒H`êrjnh cs phrh bms h`crjnhoms", bms gcb omrtc csthiho

mibjkhgms h shbvhrbms gc bh jovhsjþo cxtrhnmotjocothb. Qmr supucstm quc thoqucs y trmphs rushs sþbm gcsc`ihrnhrmo co bh j`hkjohnjþo gc bms cstrhtckhs gc bh Nhsh Ibhonh phrh lustjfjnhr su jotcrvconjþo `jbjthr. Nmo gcsjofmr`hnjmocs sc`clhotcs prcphrhrmo y lustjfjnhrmo sus hshbtms `jbjthrcs h Kuhtc`hbh, Nuih, Ojnhrhkuh y co csth gênhgh h bh pcqucøh Krhohgh. Nmo csh tênojnh ihshgh co bh `cotjrh eho jotcrvcojgm y gcscsthijbjzhgm hb kmijcrom gc @msshgck co Jrèo4 gc ^udh`m co Jogmocsjh y, co Qhdjstèo eho j`pucstm hb kcocrhb \jh. Bh gcsjofmr`hnjþo prcncgjþ h sus jotcrvconjmocs gjrcnths m pmr jotcrpþsjtms nþ`pbjncs jotcrohnjmohbcs co Mrjcotc @cgjm y co cb Hfrjnh ^ug Mnnjgcothb. Cb gcrrmnh`jcotm gc ^hbvhgmr Hbbcogc fuc mirh gc bh gcsjofmr`hnjþo gcsgc gcotrm y gcsgc fucrh gc Nejbc, mrkhojzhgh, gjrjkjgh c àotckrh`cotc fjohonjhgh pmr Csthgms Sojgms. àotckrh`cotc Qmr mirh gc bh gcsjofmr`hnjþo bms ehijthotcs gcb Wcrncr @uogm sc outrco, gcsgc ehnc tjc`pm, gc omtjnjhs jovcothghs, tcrkjvcrshghs m sj`pbc`cotc rcghnthghs gcsgc bh þptjnh gcb gm`johgmr, hb cxtrc`m

 

quc cstèo ehijtuhgms h su rcncpnjþo y sjo ghrsc nucoth bhs hsj`jbho, sjo gughs oj rcscrvhs. Soh cspcnjc gc `hoscgu`irc phrh nrccrbm tmgm, nm`m sj bh pcrczh `cothb sc euijcrh kcocrhbjzhgm. Cstc bcthrkm, sc`clhotc h bh ejpomsjs `hsjvh gc bh quc su prj`crh vàntj`h cs bh pcqucøh iurkucsàh -bh nbhsc `cgjh cs bh nhroc gc nhøþo gc bh iurkucsàh-, cs sàotm`h jocquàvmnm quc sc cstè vjvjcogm yh bh tcrncrh nmbmojzhnjþo.

Bms krhogcs cokhøms gc bms übtj`ms tjc`pms .So høms rcnjcotcs, bh gcsjofmr`hnjþo eh smircphshgm bms bà`jtcs gcb csnèoghbm. Bhs omtjnjhs quc sc gjfuogco hb `uogm sc nmovjcrtco co nhsms phrh sckujrbms ehsth shturhr h bh mpjojþo püibjnh m sj`pbc`cotc sc nmokcbho co uoh puibjnhnjþo, om pmr cb jotcrês eu`hom m jofmr`htjvm quc tcokho co sà `js`hs, sjom gc hnucrgm h bms jotcrcscs pmbàtjnms gcb kmijcrom y gc bhs nbhscs gm`johotcs gc Csthgms Sojgms. Ehy gms `cgjghs phrh nhbjfjnhr hnmotcnj`jcotms sj`jbhrcs. Qhrh bms fjocs gcb `hoclm omtjnjmsm om cs bm `js`m uo nemquc gc trcocs co Hbc`hojh Fcgcrhb quc mtrm co Hbc`hojh Gc`mnrètjnh. Bh vcrsjþo smirc cb hnnjgcotc co cstc übtj`m phàs, pmr scr smnjhbjsth, tjcoc quc jonjgjr co fhntmrcs nm`m nhoshonjm gc bms `hqujojsths, `hbh nmoscrvhnjþo gc rjcbcs m sj`pbc`cotc co htrhsm tcnombþkjnm. Jkuhb suncgc nmo bms hnnjgcotcs hêrcms. Bhs gjnthgurhs om sjc`prc smo `hbhs. Bhs hkcoghs trhosohnjmohbcs ouonh sc mnuphrmo gc Ojnhrhkuh nuhogm kmicrohih ^m`mzh quc bbckþ h csthibcncr bh jogustrjh cxpmrthgmrh Qbhs`mfêrcsjsquc  nmosjstàh co nm`prhr shokrc eu`hoh phrh utjbjzhr cb pbhs`h y covjhrbm h bms Csthgms Sojgms. Qhrhkuhy nmo ^trmcssocr, Nejbc nmo Qjomnect, Wurquàh nmo pcoh gc `ucrtc phrh pcrjmgjsths y pmbàtjnms mpmsjtmrcs m ^ugèfrjnh nmo rhnjs`m, hphrtecjg y ―gc`mnrètjnms bjoneh`jcotms gc ockrms" ouonh eho sjgm tc`hs fhvmrjtms gc SQJ m hp. Bms hscsjohtms om smo rcpugjhibcs co bh `js`h `cgjgh. Ehy csthgàstjnhs hb rcspcntm< Co mntuirc gc 8:57 fuc scnucstrhgm y hscsjohgm co Qmbmojh cb shncrgmtc Lcrzy Qmpjcbuszdm pmr hkcotcs gc bh pmbjnàh gc gc csc phàs. Bh nmicrturh Jofmr`htjvh fuc bh `ès h`pbjh, bh `èxj`h quc pmgàho

837

 

gcshrrmbbhr bhs hkcoghs gc omtjghs. Bhs trhosohgmohbcs SQJ y HQ rcfmrzhrmo su nmrrcspmoshbàh co Vhrsmvbh nmo rcghntmrcs cstrcbbh. Bms `cgjms gc nm`uojnhgþo omrtch`crjnhoms cxpbmthrmo cb nrj`co h thb cxtrc`m quc gjfàgb`cotc pmgàh conmotrhrsc h uo njughghom quc om cstuvjcrh cotcrhgm gcb trèkjnm fjohb gcb phgrc Qmpjcbuszdm y nmovconjgm gc bh rcspmoshijbjghg rcspmoshi jbjghg gcb kmijcrom pmbhnm. Cb 97 gc `hrzm gc 8:51, `jcotrhs mfjnjhih `jsh co bh nhpjbbh gc uo emspjthb, fuc hscsjohgm h ihbhzms cb hrzmijspm gc Cb ^hbvhgmr, `moscømr Msnhr Ym`crm, bh `èxj`h hutmrjghg cnbcsjèstjnh gc su phàs. Cb nrj`co sc prmgulm co prcsconjh gc su nmokrckhnjþo. Gcspuês sc nm`prmihràh quc cb em`jnjgjm fuc gjrjkjgm pmr cb `hymr G‚Huiujs- smo, bàgcr `jbjthr gcrcnejsth y em`irc fucrtc gcb kmijcrom gcb prcsjgcotc Nrjstjhoj, quc mnupþ bh prcsjgconjh gc bh Hsh`ibch Bckjsbhtjvh. Cb 9 gc gjgc`irc gc 8:51, nuhtrm rcbjkjmshs omrtch`crjnhohs fucrmo scnucstrhghs pmr bh Kuhrgjh Ohnjmohb co Cb ^hbvhgmr h bh shbjgh gcb hcrmpucrtm. Hb gàh sjkujcotc sc gcsnuirjcrmo sc`j cotcrrhgms sus nhgèvcrcs. Ehiàho sjgm vjmbhghs y tmrturhghs. H bh `ès lmvco -bh `jsjmocrh Gmrmtey Dhzco Gmomvho, gc 9; høms- bc ehiàho gcsfjkurhgm cb rmstrm ehsth ehncrbh jrrcnmomnjibc. Co Kuhtc`hbh, cotrc cocrm gc 8:51 y fcircrm gc 8:53, fucrmo hscsjohgms 9½ shncrgmtcs. Co H`êrjnh Bhtjoh, cotrc 8:67 y 8:;5, fucrmo vjntj`hgms ;9 rcbjkjmsms. H ojokuom gc cstms nrà`cocs sc bcs gcgjnþ thotm tjs`pm y csphgm co bms `cgjms gc nm`uojnhnjþo nm`m hb shncrgmtc pmbhnm. Cb cstugjm nm`phrhtjvm gc cstms nhsms, nmo krhihnjmocs gc jofmr`htjvms gc rhgjm, tcbcvjsjþo y rcnmrtcs pcrjmgàstjnms, fuc rchbjzhgm pmr krupms gc trhihlm co cb Jostjtutm gc Wcnombmkàh gc @hsshneusctts, ihlm bh gjrcnnjþo gcb prmfcsmr Omh` Nem`sdy y co bh Sojvcrsjghg gc Qcosjbvhojh pmr cb prmfcsmr Cwhrg ^. Ecr`èo. Vch`ms, smirc bms nhsms gcsnrjtms, cb nm`pmrth`jcotm jofmr`htjvm gc uom gc bms pcrjþgjnms `ès prcstjkjmsms gc Csthgms Sojgms, Wec Ocw Zmrd Wj`cs.  Hb shncrgmtc pmbhnm bc gcgjnþ > cgjtmrjhbcs y ;5 hrtànubms, >1 gc cbbms co prj`crh pèkjoh. Hb hscsjohtm gc `moscømr Ym`crm, ojokuoh omth cgjtmrjhb. 96 hrtànubms jofmr`htjvms y sþbm > co prj`crh pèkjoh. Cb püibjnm omrtch`crjnhom om sc cotcrþ gcb `ubtjtugjohrjm cotjcrrm gcb hrzmijspm. Qhrh csc gàh -cb nuhrtm gcspuês gcb nrj`co- cb em`jnjgjm gcb `ès hbtm gjkohthrjm gc bh Jkbcsjh shbvhgmrcøh ehiàh gclhgm gc scr omtjnjh. 

833

 

Bh `ucrtc pmr `hom hlcoh gc bms ;9 nurhs bhtjomh`crjnhoms `crcnjþ, co tmthb, 96 omths jofmr`htjvhs,, ojokuoh co prj`crh pèkjoh4 ojokuoh omth cgjtmrjhb. jofmr`htjvhs H bms 9> rcbjkjmsms `ucrtms co Kuhtc`hbh, üojnh`cotc sc gcgjnþ 83 sucttms jofmr`htjvms, jofmr`htjvm s, ojokuom co prj`crh pèkjoh. Ojoküo cgjtmrjhb. Cb scnucstrm, bh vjmbhnjþo, bh tmrturh y cb hscsjohtm gc bhs nuhtrm rcbjkjmshs, nm`phtrjmths gcb fh`msm pcrjþgjnm, om fucrmo tho nmo`mvcgmrcs nm`m bh gcb nurh pmbhnm. Om bc gcgjnhrmo oj uoh smbh omth cgjtmrjhb. ^þbm 96 omths jofmr`htjvhs, 97 gc cbbhs co pèkjohs jotcrjmrcs. ^mo mivjhs bhs rhzmocs gc jotcrês pmbàtjnm phrh uo trhth`jcotm tho gcscqujbjirhgm, nmotrhrjm h tmghs bhs bcnnjmocs quc smirc nhbjfjnhnjþo gc omtjnjhs coscøho co bhs fhnubthgcs gc pcrjmgjs`m gc sus uojvcrsjghgcs y co sus tcxtms nmo bms quc sc eho fmr`hgm pcrjmgjsths co tmgm cb nmotjocotc. ^c gcic tcocr co nucoth, hgc`ès, quc bms nrà`cocs gc Cb ^hbvhgmr sc prmgulcrmo csthogm co cb kmijcrom gc Csthgms Sojgms cb prcsjgcotc Nèrtcr quc ehiàh ecnem gc bms gcrcnems eu`homs uoh ihogcrh gc prmphkhogh. Sohnh`phøh jofmr`htjvh smirc cb hscsjohtm gc @moscømr Ym`crm, sc`clhotc h bh quc sc ejzm nmo cb shncrgmtc pmbhnm, euijcrh gjfjnubthgm bh hyugh pmbàtjnh, cnmoþ`jnh y `jbjthr hb kmijcrom shbvhgmrcøm y frustrhgm bh nhrrcrh pmbàtjnh gc su hbjhgm, cb ubtrh gcrcnejsth `jbjthr G‚Huiujssmo. 

Cb j`pcrjm gcb `hb Bh pjsth iübkhrh -phrh nm`prm`ctcr h bms phàscs smnjhbjsths-co cb htcothgm nmotrh bh vjgh gcb Qhph Luho Qhibm o cb >8 gc `hym gc 8:58 eh sjgm uoh `ucstrh tàpjnh gc gcsjofmr`hnjþo. Cb ‒nm`pbmt iübkhrm" ½om hnhphrþ hnhsm cb tjc`pm gc bms jofmr`htjvms gc bh

tcbcvjsjþo y bms tjtubhrcs gc prj`crh pèkjoh gc bh prcosh `uogjhb= H pcshr gc cxjstjr bh nmovjnnjþo gc quc cb hthnhotc turnm @ce`ct Hbà Hknh crh `jc`irm gc uoh mrkhojzhnjþo nrj`johb gc cxtrc`h gcrcneh bbh`hgh Bmims Krjscs, sc jovcotþ su nmocxjþo nmo njughghoms iübkhrms, uom gc cbbms fuonjmohrjm gc bh nm`phøàh gc hvjhnjþo gc su phàs, qujco pcr`hocnjþ prcsm ehsth quc fjohbjzþ cb prmncsm quc bm gcnbhrþ bjirc gc tmgh smspcneh gcspuês gc vhrjms høms gc nhrncbcràh. ^u bjicrhnjþo phsþ gcshpcrnjijgh co bhs omtjnjhs quc hiuoghrmo hotcs y gurhotc cb  lujnjm.  lujnjm.

 

So htcothgm nmotrh cb Qhph cs uoh ecrclàh quc nmo`mnjmoh c jogjkoh h tmgh bh eu`hojghg y, nmo `hymr rhzþo h bms nrcycotcs nhtþbjnms, phrh qujcocs cb Qmotàfjnc cs cb rcprcscothotc gc Gjms smirc bh Wjcrrh. Cb pcrpctrhgm pmr Hbà Hknh -uo cofcr`m `cothb quc bbckþ h nmosjgcrhrsc Gjms- om pmgàh gclhr gc scr hprmvcnehgm pmr cb kmijcrom omrtch`crjnhom phrh, `cgjhotc uoh jotcosh nh`phøh gc gcsjofmr`hnjþo, mrjcothr cb scotj`jcotm gcb `uogm nhtþbjnm nmotrh bms phàscs smnjhbjsths. ^c prcphrhrmo bms pbhocs gc nh`phøh. ^c conhrkþ su hpbjnhnjþo h bh pcrjmgjsth omrtch`crjnhoh Nbhrc ^tcrbjok. Co cb prmycntm sc csthibcnjþ quc bh prj`crh omtjnjh gcicràh scr puibjnhgh co nuhbqujcr pcrjþgjnm jthbjhom phrh scr njthgm buckm nm`m fucotc gc bhs jofmr`hnjmocs jotcrohnjmohbcs. jotcrohnjmohbcs. Cb pcrjþgjnm cbckjgm fuc Lmro  Lmrohb hbcc Omv Omvþ, þ, puibjnhnjþo rchnnjmohrjh gcsprcstjkjhgh pmr sus vjonubhnjmocs nmo bms sco/jnjms scnrctms jthbjhoms, quc h su vcz csthiho rcbhnjmohgms nmo sus em`þbmkms omrtch`crjnhoms. Lmro  Lmrohb hbcc Om Omvm vm fuc cb prj`crm co puibjnhr bh nmocxjþo iübkhrh co cb htcothgm hb Qhph, ihlm bh fjr`h gc uo prhntjnhotc gc pcrjmgjs`m bbh`hgm @jnehcb Bcgjo. Gc hbbà bh jofmr`h.- njþo phsþ h bhs hkconjhs trhosohnjmohbcs gc omtjnjhs, h bhs nhgcohs gc tcbcvjsjþo y h bh vàh shtêbjtc nmovcrtjgh yh co cb nm`pbmt nm`uojsth phrh hscsjohr h su ^hotjghg. ^c bbckhrmo h ‒gcsnuirjr‐ fmtmkrhfàhs gc iübkhrms co bh Qbhzh gc ^ho Qcgrm. Som gc csms ‒iübkhrms‐ fuc jgcotjfjnhgm gcspuês nm`m cb shncrgmtc jthbjhom Kujgm ^hrgunnj. Bh pjsth fhbsh

fuc cxpbmthgh ehsth bh fjohbjzhnjþo gcb prmncsm lugjnjhb, co cb quc sc csthibcnjþ quc nmo prm`cshs gc bjicrhnjþo sc ehiàh nmosckujgm bh nmofcsjþo gc Hbà Hknh. Om euim `cgjm gc nm`uojnhnjþo quc om gcgjnhrh sus csphnjms prcfcrconjhbcs hb nhsm. Bh pcrjmgjsth ^tcrbjok sc cxpbhyþ co bhs pèkjohs gc ^cbcnnjmocs gcb fàchgcr's Gjkcst  y  y tcr`joþ csnrjijcogm uo bjirm, Bh rcg gcb tcrrmrjs`m,  j`prcsm h ihlàsj`m prcnjm nm`m bjirm gc imbsjbbm y gjstrjiujgm `uogjhb`cotc. Cb fhbbm lugjnjhb quc hismbvjþ h bms iübkhrms fuc uijnhgm nhsj pcrgjgm co bhs pèkjohs jotcrjmrcs gc bms krhogcs gjhrjms y uoh `conjþo rèpjgh co bms jofmr`htjvms omnturoms gc bh tcbcvjsjþo. Som gc bms pmnms pcrjþgjnms omrtch`crjnhoms quc pusm co gugh bh scrjcghg gc bhs jofmr`hnjmocs prmphbhghs co cb `uogm fuc cb ^ho Frhonjsnm Ihy Kuhrgjho pucs gc`mstrþ quc tmgms bms ghtms fucrmo tcrkjvcrshgms pmr bh ^tcrbjok y Bcgjo. Co cb Imbctào Jofmr`htjvm gc Mpcrhnjmocs ^cnrcths (Nmvcrt Hntjmo Jofmr`htjmo) nmrrcspmogjcotc h

 

8:53, sc pusm hb gcsnuijcrtm tmgh bh trh`myh. Fuc uoh iucoh thrch phrh hrrmlhr h bh kcotc nmotrh cb "j`pcrjm gcb gjhibm‚‚. 

Cb hscsjohtm, uo sj`pbc crrmr Bh trhkcgjh gcb hvjþo nm`crnjhb nmrchom gcrrjihgm co bh Sojþo ^mvjêtjnh co 8:5> sjrvjþ th`ijêo phrh uoh nh`phøh prmphkhogàstjnh co bh quc bh gcsjofmr`hnjþo csthih gcstjohgh h gc`mstrhr quc sc gjsphrþ h shijcoghs gc quc `mrjràho 96: phshlcrms. Bh tcbcvjsjþo bbcvþ h bms emkhrcs gc `cgjm `uogm bhs csncohs gc gmbmr jonmosmbhibc y ohturhb, co jotcr`johibcs trhos`jsjmocs gcsgc bhs nhshs gc bms phrjcotcs gc bhs vàntj`hs. Bh eu`hojghg fuc j`phnthgh nmotrh bh ‒nrucbghg rush‐ quc icocfjnjhih, co csms

`m`cotms nm`m prmphkhogh, h bh rccbcnnjþo gcb prcsjgcotc Ychkho. Qmr bm `coms co H`êrjnh Bhtjoh om sc bcyþ oj csnuneþ bh vcrsjþo smvjêtjnh. ^þbm bhs jofmr`hnjmocs gcijgh`cotc `hqujbbhghs pmr bhs hkconjhs trhosohnjmohbcs. Bh nh`phøh euijcrh nmotjouhgm jogcfjojgh`cotc, gc om ehicr gcrrjihgm bh `hrjoh omrtch`crjnhoh mtrm hvjþo nm`crnjhb, th`ijêo nmo ncotcohrcs gc phshlcrms, csth vcz jrhoàcs, y om co cb csphnjm smicrhom gc Csthgms Sojgms, sjom smirc cb prmpjm kmbfm Qêrsjnm. Cb jovcstjkhgmr gc nm`uojnhnjmocs smnjhbcs, Qctcr ^hjohte, gc bh Jogjh, rchbjzþ uo `jounjmsm cstugjm nm`phrhtjvm gc bh jofmr`hnjþo «gjstrjiujgh pmr bms `cgjms trhosohnjmohbcs smirc csths gms trhkcgjhs hêrchs. Bh prj`crh-cb gcrrjih`jcotm, cb 8m  gc sctjc`irc gc 8:5>, gcb hvjþo nmrchom DHB 11;-fuc prcscothgm hb `uogm nm`m ‒uoh jogcbcibc bcnnjþo smirc bh tèntjnh y bhs prjmrjghgcs gc uo Csthgm pmbjnjhnm‐, nm`m uo ‒hscsjohtm nm`ctjgm h shokrc fràh‐, ‒emrrjibc... ièrihrm... nrucb... joscosjibc... csnhoghbmsm‐.

Cb Wj`c  bm nhbjfjnþ gc ‒uo nrj`co nmotrh bh eu`hojghg, uoh vjmbhnjþo gc bhs rckbhs fuogh`cothbcs gc bh hvjhnjþo, gc bhs quc tmghs bhs ohnjmocs gcb `uogm‐.   jofmr`hnjþo cstuvm jbustrhgh nmo cbgurþ, gmbmrnmo y cbhbtjihlms, bbhotm gcgc bms8:5> phgrcs, cspmshs gc bhsBh 96: vàntj`hs nmrchohs. Bh nh`phøh ehsth cb > gcc ejlms lubjm gc 8:55. Csc gàh, gcsgc bh nuijcrth gcb S^^ Vjoncoocs, jotckrhotc gc bh fbmth ohvhb omrtch`crjnhoh, sc gjsphrþ y gcrrjiþ hb Hjrius gc bh Jrèo Hjr, vucbm 633, nmo 9:5 phshlcrms h imrgm ->1 pcrsmohs `ès quc co cb hvjþo nmrchom- sjo gclhr ojoküo smircvjvjcotc.

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@jcotrhs cb prj`cr nhsm fuc tjtubhgm nm`m "hscsjohtm co cb hjrc", gcb sckuogm sc jofmr`þ nm`m "uo hntm gc bckàtj`h gcfcosh pmr uo crrmr". Om sc cotrcvjstþ oj fmtmkrhfjþ h ojokuom gc bms fh`jbjhrcs gc bhs 9:5 vàntj`hs. Qhrcnc quc tmgms crho euêrfhoms y om tcoàho phrjcotcs. ^j hbkuoh csncoh gjstrjiuyþ bh tcbcvjsjþo, fuc bh gcb hb`jrhotc Nrmwc, prcsjgcotc gcb Csthgm @hymr, fcbjnjthogm nmo phb`hghs co bh csphbgh h bms irhvms `hrjocrms gcb S^^ Vjoncoocs, pmr ehicr hntuhgm gc hnucrgm h uo nmrrcntm lujnjm, co uo hntm gc hutmgcfcosh. ‒Bms mfjnjhbcs gc bh

ohvc hntuhrmo gc uo `mgm quc nmrrcspmogàh pbcoh`cotc h bh sjtuhnjþo". Cstm übtj`m sc bcc co cb Ocwswccd, quc smirc cb prj`cr nhsm smstuvm quc "nhgh uom gc bms rusms phrtjnjphotcs co bh hnnjþo sc nm`pmrtþ cxhnth`cotc gc hnucrgm hb csquc`h quc co êb ehiràh prmkrh`hgm bh psjnmbmkàh pmbàtjnh rush‐.  Bhs gms trhkcgjhs hêrchs prmvmnhghs pmr ncrtcrms gjsphrms gc nmectcs, smo nhsms hphrcotc`cotc jkuhbcs. ^jo c`ihrkm, cotrc h`ims ehy gjfcrconjhs susthonjhbcs. Co prj`cr bukhr, cb hvjþo nmrchom DHB 11; fuc gcrrjihgm fucrh gc su ruth nm`crnjhb gcb quc sc ehiàh gcsvjhgm 311 djbþ`ctrms smirc tcrrjtmrjm smvjêtjnm nmosjgcrhgm zmoh `jbjthr, pmnm gcspuês gc bh `cgjh omnec. Cb hvjþo jrhoà fuc gcstrujgm nuhogm vmbhih smirc cb Kmbfm Qêrsjnm, ihlm cb njcbm smicrhom gc Jrèo y gcotrm gc uo nmrrcgmr hêrcm phrh bàochs nm`crnjhbcs. Bms prmycntjbcs m nmectcs quc bm j`phnthrmo om fucrmo gjsphrhgms co bh msnurjghg gc bh `cgjh omnec sjom h bhs 81.>1 gc bh `høhoh, nmo gàh nbhrm y sjo prmibc`hs gc vjsjijbjghg. ½Xuê smicrhoàh csthih prmtckjcogm bh fbmth omrtch`crjnhoh h gcncohs gc `jbcs gc gjsthonjh gc sus frmotcrhs= ^jo c`ihrkm, bms ehijthotcs gcb Wcrncr @uogm hpcohs sj sc cotcrhrmo gc csc ‒hntm gc hutmgcfcosh‐. H`ims nhsms nmostjtuyco trhkcgjhs quc eho cobuthgm `ès gc 311 emkhrcs gc

mtrms thotms phshlcrms jomncotcs. Qcrm bhgcsjoàmr`hnjþo nmovjcrtc hb prj`crm co uo nrj`co prc`cgjthgm y bm prm`ucvc jogcfjojgh`cotc, `jcotrhs cb sckuogm om cs uo nrj`co, sjom uo mrrmr, uo hntm gc gcfcosh bckàtj`h quc pmr om tcocr vhbmr jofmr`htjvm sc bm sjbconjþ h bhs 97 emrhs.

Yh`im nmotrh bh Ycvmbunjþo Vcrgc

Bh `ès rcnjcotc `ucstrh gc njojs`m co bh gcsjofmr`hnjþo, quc prmvmnþ `ucrtcs, fuc bh Jojnjhgh co bms übtj`ms `cscs gcb kmijcrom gc

83:

 

Ymohbg Ychkho nmotrh Bjijh y su kmicrohotc @uh``hr hb-Khgghfj, scøhbhgm co csh nh`phøh nm`m ihogjgm jotcrohnjmohb, ihlm bh hnushnjþo gc csthr prcphrhogm bh im`ih htþ`jnh gc bms pmircs, cs gcnjr, hr`hs quà`jnhs. Njonm `cscs jojotcrru`pjgms cstuvjcrmo gcgjnhgms, pmr tmgms bms `cgjms y co tmgm cb `uogm, h gc`mstrhr cb pcbjkrm quc nmrràh bh eu`hojghg pmr bms ‒prcphrhtjvms bjijms phrh covcocohr cb hjrc‐. ^c jbustrþ h bh mpjojþo

püibjnh smirc uoh vhrjcghg tcrrmràfjnh gc hr`hs bcthbcs jovjsjibcs, luotm h bms nuhbcs cb fh`msm khs `msthzh cs uoh joehbhnjþo jomnuh. Bh kcotc -bms omrtch`crjnhoms smirc tmgmc`pczhrmo h tc`cr y ehsth h tcocr pcshgjbbhs nmo cb Whiuo,  uo khs ocurmtþxjnm quc uoh vcz hspjrhgm, hüo co pcqucøhs nhotjghgcs, prmvmnh nmovubsjmocs, vþ`jtms y uoh cspcnjc gc ec`mrrhkjh pürpurh -bh shokrc fbuyc pmr tmgms bms pmrms - quc bbcvh jrrc`cgjhibc`cotc jrrc`cgjhibc`co tc h bh `ucrtc. Nm`m co bms nhsms hotcrjmrcs, Ljhy gmnu`cothnjþo prmihtmrjh smirc bh jonmogjnjmohbjghg gc bhs hkconjhs trhosohnjmohbcs gc omtjnjhs phrh nu`pbjr bhs þrgcocs gcb kmijcrom gc Csthgms Sojgms. Bh kucrrh psjnmbþkjnh nmotrh Bjijh cstuvm conm`coghgh hb hb`jrhotc Lmeo Qmjotgcxtcr, gjrjkcotc gcb Nmosclm gc ^ckurjghg Ohnjmohb gc Csthgms Sojgms co bh hg`jojstrhnjþo Ychkho, gc hnucrgm hn ucrgm h bm hfjr`hgm pmr cb nmrrcspmoshb gc Wec [hsejoktmo Qmst,  Imi [mmgwhrg -cb `js`m gcb nhsm [htcrkhtc-  co uo hrtànubm rcnmrghtmrjm gc bh mirh gc Qmjotgcxtcr. Nuhogm bh mpjojþo püibjnh `uogjhb -y cspcnjhb`cotc bh omrtc- h`crjnhoh- cstuvm gcijgh`cotc ‒h`hshgh‐, cb 7 gc cocrm gc 8:5:, hvjmocs F -87 gc bh @hrjoh gc Kucrrh omrtch`crjnhoh jonursjmoh- rmo smirc Bjijh prmgunjêogmsc uo gucbm hêrcm nmo @jk 9> bjijms. Gms hvjmocs bjijms fucrmo gcrrjihgms sjo gclhr smircvjvjcotcs. Cb nm`ihtc hêrcm bbh`hgm cpjsmgjm Wmp Kuo- fuc ncbcirhgm pmr bms `cgjms gc nm`uojnhnjþo, nmo bh gcijgh krhtjtug hb kmijcom omrtch`crjnhom, pm  pmr  r  ehicr  ehicr j`pucstm nm`m lucz suprc`m quc hpbjnh bh lustjnjh pmr su nucoth, cb rcspctm hb gcrcnem jotcrohnjmohb smirc bhs hr`hs quà`jnhs. Bh nh`phøh gc `hojpubhnjþo y cb Wmp Kuo fucrmo nhbnubhgms fr  fràh àh`c `cot otc, c, nmo nmo `cgjm høm gc hotjnjphnjþo, pmrquc uoh sc`hoh gcspuês gcb jonjgcotc sc ncbcirhràh co Qhràs, nmo hsjstconjh gc rcprcscothotcs gc 831 phàscs, bh Nmofcrconjh @uogjhb smirc Hr`hs Xuà`jnhs.  Hbbà  Hb bà,, Csthgms Sojgms sc prcscothràh nm`m cb ncbmsm kuhrgàho om sþbm gc bh bjicrthg, sjom th`ijêo gcb gcrcnem Jotcrohnjmohb y gc bh shbug y

 

bh vjgh gc bh eu`hojghg, h`cohzhgh csth vcz pmr khscs tþxjnms quc cb nmrmocb Khgghfj csthih fhirjnhogm phrh fu`jkhr cb Ec`jsfcrjm Omrtc y gc phshgh h Jsrhcb. Nmo csc prctcxtm, y gc om ehicr sjgm pmr bh jotcrncpnjþo gc bms lcts bjijms, bms omrtch`crjnhoms euijcrho pubvcrjzhgm bh pbhoth gc khs gc Yhpth quc, nm`m cs shijgm, ohgh tjcoc quc vcr nmo tþxjnms oj vcocoms, pmrquc hbbà sc rchbjzh cb trhth`jcotm jogustrjhb gc ejgrmnhriurms cxtrhàgms luotm nmo cb pctrþbcm gcb suisucbm gc csc phàs. Cb pbho crh rcpctjr bh ehzhøh gc prcpmtconjh y pjrhtcràh jotcrohnjmohb rchbjzhgh pmr bh hvjhnjþo lugàh, sjctc høms hotcs, quc gcstruyþ uoh pbhoth ounbchr co tcrrjtmrjm jrhquà. Gcspuês gcb Wmp Kuo,  sjo c`ihrkm, bms `cgjms jofmr`htjvms om sc eho vucbtm h mnuphr gc bh h`cohzh bjijh, nm`m sj bms pjbmtms fhbbcnjgms sc euijcrho bbcvhgm h bh tu`ih bh fèirjnh gc Whiuo.  Ojoküo pcrjþgjnm gc Curmph y cb Wcrncr @uogm sc htrcvjþ h gcsco`hsnhrhr hb kmijcrom omrtch`crjnhom pmr bhs gms `cotjrhs cvjgcotcs smirc bhs quc sc sustcotþ nhsj `cgjm høm gc gcsjofmr`hnjþo quc gcsc`imnhrmo co cb Wmp Kuo.  Bh prj`crh `cotjrh nmosjstjþ co bh hntjtug gc Csthgms Sojgms nmotrhrjh h bh fhirjnhnjþo gc hr`hs quà`jnhs. Bh sckuogh, bh vjmbhnjþo gc Bjijh hb hnucrgm jotcrohnjmohb susnrjtm co Kjocirh co 8:93. @jcotrhs cb kmijcrom omrtch`crjnhom sc rhskhih bhs vcstjgurhs y hbhr`hih hb `uogm pmrquc bms bjijms prcphrhiho bh im`ih htþ`jnh gc bms pmircs, cb prcsjgcotc Ychkho, hutêotjnm gjhibm prcgjnhgmr, gcsgc ehnàh trcs høms ehiàh gjspucstm bh fhirjnhnjþo gc hr`hs quà`jnhs co su phàs. Qrcnjsh`cotc bh `js`h sc`hoh quc nm`cozþ bh oucvh nh`phøh nmotrh Khgghfj, Ychkho covjþ hb Nmokrcsm uo prmycntm gcstjohgm h jonrc`cothr cb prcsupucstm gc su hrscohb quà`jnm, phrh quc cb clêrnjtm omrtch`crjnhom pugjcrh nmonbujr bh prmgunnjþo jojnjhgh uo høm hotcs gc uoh oucvh kcocrhnjþo gc prmycntjbcs quà`jnm ijohrjms gc 833 `` y bh im`ih Ijkcyc hghpthibc h uoh mljvh gc nmectcs `übtjpbcs. Cb kmijcrom quc hsusthih h su pucibm y h bh eu`hojghg nmo cb nrj`co bjijm gc fhirjnhr hr`hs quà`jnhs ehiàh cbcvhgm bms khstms omrtch`crjnhoms, nmo jkuhbcs prmpþsjtms, gc >; `jbbmocs gc gþbhrcs co 8:58 h 9;8 `jbbmocs co J:55, nmo bm nuhb, nm`m csnrjijþ cb nm`cothrjsth omrtch`crjnhom Ymicrt Nmmdc co cb Ocwsghy   gcb 6 gc cocrm gc 8:5:, ‒Csthgms Sojgms conhiczh bh prmgunnjþo gc hr`hs quà`jnhs co cb `uogm, ...cs bàgcr co bh jovcstjkhnjþo y gcshrrmbbm gc csms khscs, phrh bm nuhb cotrc 8:51 y 8:5; ehiàh gcgjnhgm 8,831

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`jbbmocs gc gþbhrcs". ½Nuhotms gc bms ncotcohrcs m `jbcs gc `jbbmocs gc ehijthotcs gc bh Wjcrrh tjcoco mpmrtuojghg gc cotcrhrsc quc tmgm bm ' quc vjcrmo, bcycrmo, csnunehrmo y nrcycrmo om crh sjom uoh fhrsh= Bh sckuogh `cotjrh sc rcfjcrc hb gcrcnem jotcrohnjmohb. Om cxjstc ojoküo nmovcojm m trhthgm jotcrohnjmohb quc prmeàih bh fhirjnhnjþo gc hr`hs quà`jnhs. Cxjstc sà, cb Qrmtmnmbm gc Kjocirh gc 8:93, smirc bh kucrrh quà`jnh, fjr`hgm y rhtjfjnhgm pmr bh nhsj tmthbjghg gc phàscs gcb `uogm, quc prmsnrjic bh utjbjzhnjþo gc cshs hr`hs. Ehy pucs uoh gjfcrconjh cotrc bh fhirjnhnjþo y cb usm. Bh prucih quc su cbhimrhnjþo cstè pcr`jtjgh cs quc Csthgms Sojgms -quc rcnjêo co 8:;3 rhtjfjnþ cb Qrmtmnmbm- sc eh nmovcrtjgm co cb prj`cr prmguntmr gc csms vcocoms `hsjvms. Om cxjstjþ, co nmoscnuconjh, prctcxtm m lustjfjnhnjþo bckhb, phrh quc cb phàs lucz gjnthrh y hpbjnhrh scotconjh. Bh hnnjþo gc Csthgms Sojgms nhrcnàh gc sustcotm luràgjnm y `mrhb, pucstm quc csh `js`h pmtconjh csthih ehnjcogm co krho csnhbh bm quc nmogcohih quc mtrm ejnjcrh. Qmr bm gc`ès, bhs nhrhntcràstjnhs gc bhs josthbhnjmocs y cb tjpm gc prmguntms quà`jnms quc Bjijh fhirjnhih crho pcrfcnth`cotc nmomnjgms pmr cb kmijcrom gc Ychkho, gcijgm h quc bh tcnombmkàh y cb hscsmrh`jcotm gc gjneh pbhoth csthih h nhrkm gc bh Ycpüibjnh Fcgcrhb Hbc`hoh, cb `ès j`pmrthotc smnjm gc Csthgms Sojgms co bh MWHO.  Om pmgràh hbckhrsc jkomrhonjh m gcsnmomnj`jcotm gcb Qrmtmnmbm gc Kjocirh. Bh nh`phøh gcsjofmr`htjvh y cb hthquc hêrcm bm ejnjcrmo nmo pbcom nmovconj`jcotm gc quc thotm bh bcy nm`m bh êtjnh sc bms j`pcgàh, pmrquc pmr conj`h gc tmgms csms prjonjpjms cstè bh prcpmtconjh gc krho j`pcrjm. Cb `js`m gàh gc bh ‒vjntmrjh hêrch‐ gc Csthgms Sojgms sc pusm co cvjgconjh cb

njojs`m nmo cb quc sc rchbjzþ bh nh`phøh gjfh`htmrjh y gcsjofmr`htjvh quc nmonbuyþ nmo cb mpcrhtjvm Wmp Kuo< cb scnrcthrjm gc Csthgm, Kcmrkc ^eubtz, co nmofcrconjh gc prcosh, fuc jotcrrmkhgm pmr uo rcghntmr gcb [hsejoktmo Qmst  smirc  smirc bms hspcntms bckhbcs gc bh mpcrhnjþo. ^eubtz rcspmogjþ< ‒om cs jbckhb nmostrujr uoh pbhoth quà`j nh, pcrm cs `uy jogcschibc‐. 

Om phshrè `unem tjc`pm, phrh quc cb kmijcrom omrtch`crjnhom jojnjc oucvhs nh`phøhs gcsjofmr`htjvhs nmotrh Bjijh y su kmicrohotc, pmrquc om pcrgmoh quc uo phàs gcb Ec`jsfcrjm ^ur jojnjc su gcshrrmbbm hutþom`m y hutmsmstcojgm. Bh Ycvmbunjþo Vcrgc cstè nmovjrtjcogm h bh Ycpüibjnh Zh`hejrjyh Bjijh Hrhic Qmpubhr ^mnjhbjsth co uom gc bms pmnms phàscs èrhics quc nuhogm sc hkmtc cb pctrþbcm om

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vmbvcrè hb nh`cbbm. Khgghfj om cstè gcrrmnehogm cb pctrþbcm< bm cstè ‒sc`irhogm‐,

`cgàhotc bh Jogustrjhbjzhnjþo y bh nmovcrsjþo gc sus gcsjcrtms co tjcrrhs prmguntjvhs. Cb j`pcrjm qujsjcrh quc Bjijh sjkh bh ruth trhzhgh gcsgc [èsejoktmo, y quc trhosjtho bms lcqucs quc bbcvho sus pctrmgþbhrcs h bh ihonh omrtch`crjnhoh.

Bh gcsjofmr`hnjþo pmr cb sjbconjm Who gcsprcnjhibc nm`m gcsohturhbjzhr uoh jofmr`hnjþo cs mnubthrbh. Nuhogm om ehy omtjnjhs smirc gctcr`johgms phàscs, bhs hkco- lèhs sc conhrkho gc jovcothrbhs y htrjiujrbhs h fucotcs kcocrhb`cotc ijco jofmr`hghs m h gjpbm`ètjnms quc pjgjcrmo kuhrghr su om`irc co rcscrvh4 ehy mtrms phàscs quc kmzho gc bh prmtcnnjþo gcb sjbconjm gc bhs trhosohnjmohbcs. trhosohnjmohb cs. Bms nhsms `ès fbhkrhotcs smo bms gc ^ugèfrjnh c Jsrhcb, hbjhgms cstrhtêkjnms gcb j`pcrjm. Bms ncbmsms kuhrgjhocs gc bh bjicrthg gc prcosh, smo smrgms, njckms y `ugms gc bm quc suncgc co êsms nmtms gcb rhnjs`m, bh gjsnrj`johnjþo rhnjhb, cb hphrtecjg y cb sjmojs`m. Oj bms ‒cgjtmrcs  gc gjhrjms gcb `uogm‐, thb nm`m sc hutmtjtubh bh Fcgcrhnjþo Jotcrohnjmohb gc Cgjtmrcs gc Qcrjþgjnms, oj cb Jostjtutm Jotcrohnjmohb gc Qrcosh (jpj), oj bh Fcgcrhnjþo Jotcrohnjmohb gc Qcrjmgjsths (fjp), vjkàhs gcb `hotcoj`jcotm gc bh bjicrthg jrrcstrjnth, lh`ès sc fjho mnuphgm gc bh sjtuhnjþo gcb pcrjmgjs`m co ^ugèfrjnh, gmogc bms pcrjmgjsths trhihlho co uo h`ijcotc gc ‒`mothøh rush‐, pmrquc uo gàh cstèo bjircs y thb

vcz pmr bh omnec gctcojgms pmr nmotrhvcojr bhs mrgcohozhs gcb kmijcrom. Bh mpjojþo püibjnh `uogjhb th`pmnm cstè cotcrhgh gc bm quc hbbà suncgc, pmrquc hp, upj, hfp y fàcuàcrfmr`ho uo nuhrtctm quc co`ugcnc hotc cb rêkj`co gc Qrctmrjh. Om eho puibjnhgm oj bh prmtcsth gc sus pcrjmgjsths quc jotckrho bh Hsmnjhnjþo gc Nmrrcspmoshb Nmrrcspmoshbcs cs Cxtrholcrms co csc phàs. Qhrh `unems bcntmrcs scrè uoh omvcghg cotcrhrsc, pmr clc`pbm, quc cb kmijcrom gc bh `jomràh ibhonh gjntþ grèstjnhs mrgcohozhs h quc hphrcnjcrmo co cb gjhrjm mfjnjhb co Qrctmrjh, cb 88 gc gjnjc`irc gc 8:56, co bhs nuhbcs sc csthibcnjþ bh rcbhnjþo gc omtjnjhs quc om gcico puibjnhrsc ihlm ojoküo nmoncptm y bhs quc phrh gjfuogjrsc rcqujcrco

86>

 

hutmrjzhnjþo prcvjh gcb mrkhojs`m kuicroh`cothb gcom`johgm Nm`jtê jotcrgcphrth`cothb gc cobhnc nmo bh prcosh. Xujco nmotrhvcokh bhs mrgcohozhs, scrè colujnjhgm pmr cb gcbjtm gc gcnbhrhnjþo suivcrsjvh>. Cdvjrtug gc bhs rcfcrjghs mrgcohozhs cstè prmejijgm y nmostjtuyc gcbjtm, ‒tm`hr

fmtmkrhfàhs, ehncr pcbànubhs, krhihnjmocs y gjiulms gc gjsturijms... m gc jotcrvconjmocs gc bhs fucrzhs gc sckurjghg‐. Bhs `hshnrcs gc bhs hutmrjghgcs ibhonhs nmotrh bh pmibhnjþo ockrh om pucgco vcrbhs oj co fmtmkrhfàh bms gc`ès ibhonms. Cs gcbjtm, jkuhb`cotc, ghr jofmr`hnjmocs smirc ‒nuhbqujcr gcspbjckuc gc bhs fucrzhs gc sckurjghg m gc vceànubms,

hr`h`cotms, pcrtrcnems u mtrh nbhsc gc cqujpm, nuym milctm, phrh nuhbqujcr miscrvhgmr rhzmohibc, sch su utjbjzhnjþo co hntjvjghgcs gc bhs fucrzhs gc sckurjghg‐, hsà nm`m puibjnhr

omtjnjhs hncrnh gc rcuojmocs rcstrjokjghs. Co ^ugèfrjnh nmostjtuyc gcnbhrhnjþo suivcrsjvh gjvubkhr mpjojmocs quc ‒jonjtco m hbjcotco h bh pmibhnjþo h phrtjnjphr co hntjvjghg m nmogunth quc nmostjtuyh uoh rcuojþo rcstrjokjgh‐ m ‒quc jonjtco m hbjcotco h bh pmibhnjþo h mpmocr rcsjstconjh m gcnbhrhr su

mpmsjnjþo h `jc`irms gcb Khijoctc m gcb Nmosclm gc @jojstrms u mtrms fuonjmohrjms gcb Csthgm m `jc`irms gc bhs fucrzhs gc sckurjghg‐. ^j co bms pcrjþgjnms sc houonjh bh emrh, bh

fcneh, cb bukhr y bh fjohbjghg gc uoh rcuojþo rcstrjokjgh, sc jonurrc co gcbjtm. Gcb `js`m `mgm, hb gjfuogjr ‒tmgm gjsnursm, gcnbhrhnjþo u miscrvhnjþo ecnems pmr uoh pcrsmoh quc euijcrc rcnjijgm uoh omtjfjnhnjþo lugjnjhb co vjrtug gc bh Bcy gc ^ckurjghg Jotcroh m quc euijcrc rcnjijgm uoh mrgco gc nmofjoh`jcotm trhs ehicr sjgm pucsth co bjicrthg gcspuês gc csthr gctcojgh‐4 ‒gcnbhrhnjmocs quc gcshnrcgjtco m `comsnhico cb sjstc`h gc scrvjnjm `jbjthr mibjkhtmrjm‐4 m ‒gcnbhrhnjmocs rcbhtjvhs hb trhth`jcotm ghgm h uo gctcojgm gurhotc su gctconjþo‐. Jkuhb`cotc ‒cs jbckhb jofmr`hr gc bh pucsth co bjicrthg gc uoh pcrsmoh‐. Bms

pcrjmgjsths cxtrholcrms cstèo prmejijgms gc hsjstjr h `hojfcsthnjmocs `hsjvhs gc prmtcsth m h fuocrhbcs. Co ^ugèfrjnh cstè pcrsckujgh bh j`pmrthnjþo gc bjirms, rcvjsths m krhihnjmocs quc nmotcokho gcnbhrhnjmocs suivcrsjvhs. Gcsgc buckm quc bhs prmejijnjmocs y shonjmocs nmotc`pbhghs co cb gcnrctm gcb 88 gc gjnjc`irc gc 8:56, cstèo gjrjkjghs nmotrh bms njughghoms quc pcrtcocnjcogm h bh `jomrjthrjh pmibhnjþo ibhonh, cstèo co gcshnucrgm nmo cb rhnjs`m y cb hphrtecjg, pucstm quc bh `hymràh gc ejlms gc Gjms, smbh`cotc pmrquc smo ockrms, nhrcnco gc cbc`co

867

 

thbcs gcrcnems luràgjnms, pmbàtjnms, smnjhbcs y eu`homs. Bh gc`mnrhnjh co cb rêkj`co gc Qrctmrjh sþbm fuonjmoh phrh cb 86% gc bh pmibhnjþo ibhonh. Cb 57%, pmr scr ockrh, cstè `hrkjohgh gc bh smnjcghg. H pcshr gc tmgm bm hotcrjmr, nhsj tmghs bhs omtjnjhs quc njrnubho co cb `uogm smirc bms hnmotcnj`jcotms gc Hfrjnh hustrhb, prmncgco gc ^ugèfrjnh, co nuyh nhpjthb cstèo hnrcgjthgms bms nmrrcspmoshbcs gc bhs trhosohnjmohbcs. Jofmr`hnjmocs smirc Hokmbh, @mzh`ijquc, Bcsmtem, ^uhzjbhogjh, Whozhojh, \h`ijh, Imtswhoh m \j`ihiwc, pcrm cspcnjhb`cotc bhs rcfcrjghs h bh ^[HQM gc Oh`jijh, sc cbhimrho co Qrctmrjh. Gcijgh`cotc tcrkjvcrshghs y `hojpubhghs smo trhos`jtjghs h bhs scgcs gc bhs trhosohnjmohbcs phrh su gjfusjþo `uogjhb. Ohgh gc bm quc rchb`cotc suncgc sc jofmr`h h bh mpjojþo püibjnh `uogjhb, pmrquc bms gucøms gc bhs nm`uojnhnjmocs jotcrohnjmohbcs y sus rcspcntjvms kmijcroms smo h`jkms y hbjhgms gcb rêkj`co rhnjsth gc '^ugèfrjnh. Qmr csm, pmr clc`pbm, bms ehijthotcs gc bh njvjbjzhnjþo mnnjgcothb y nrjstjhoh gcsnmomnco bh jotcr`johibc prjsjþo gcb pcrjmgjsth \wcbhdec ^jsubu, lcfc gc rcghnnjþo gcb Ocw Ohtjmo,  bh nbhusurh gc puibjnhnjmocs, cb conhrncbh`jcotm y bh pcrscnusjþo gc mtrms pcrjmgjsths. H sus h`jkms, cb j`pcrjm bms icocfjnjh nmo bh gcsjofmr`hnjþo gcb sjbconjm.

LVbmgcbms phrh bh gm`cstjnhnjþo eu`hoh Bh prmpjh mpjojþo püibjnh omrtch`crjnhoh cstè tho gcsjofmr`hgh quc cxjstco h`pbjms scntmrcs gc su pmibhnjþo quc tc`co uoh jovhsjþo gjrcnth gc bms shogjojsths h su pmgcrmsm phàs y gcb csthbbjgm gc im`ihs htþ`jnhs scnrcth`cotc nmbmnhghs pmr mrgco gcb nmrmocb Khgghfj co bukhrcs cstrhtêkjnms gc [èsejoktmo, Oucvh Zmrd y mtrhs urics gc Csthgms Sojgms. LQcrp]^Xhbmspucibps bhtjomh`crjnhoms bhs `hymrcs vàntj`hs gc bh `hojpubhnjþo pmr `cgjm gc omtjnjhs fhbschghs quc fhnjbjtho bh pcoctrhnjþo y cb gm`jojm nhsj hismbutm pmr phrtc gc Csthgms Sojgms. Ehy quc tcocr co nucoth quc cb suinmotjocotc tjcoc uoh pmibhnjþo hprmxj`hgh gc 73 `jbbmocs gc hohbfhictms, nmo uo huscotjs`m hbhr`hotc gc csnmbhrjghg quc hbnhozh hb 51%, `jcotrhs quc bh rhgjm y bh tcbcvjsjþo prèntjnh`cotc hnhphrho su ihsc nubturhb nmo cb ;1% gc hugjconjh. Cs

863

 

pucs uo nh`pm fêrtjb phrh bh gm`johnjþo y cb ctomnjgjm. H cstc hvhshbbh`jcotm gc `cgjms hugjmvjsuhbcs, sc tjcoc quc hkrckhr bms gc bh prcosh csnrjth gjhgh, nmotrmbhgh pmr bh ^mnjcghg Jotcrh`crjnhoh gc Qrcosh quc uojfmr`h bms tjtubhrcs gc bhs prj`crhs pèkjohs gc bms prjonjphbcs gjhrjms gc bhs nhpjthbcs bhtjomh`crjnhohs y gcfjoc sus pmbàtjnhs jofmr`htjvhs y cgjtmrjhbcs. cgjtmrjhbcs. Bh gcvhsthnjþo nubturhb cstè nhsj nm`pbcth co bms phàscs ncotrmh`crjnhoms y gcb Nhrjic. Nmo cxncpnjþo gc Nuih y Ojnhrhkuh, bms gc`ès pucibms cstèo sm`ctjgms pmr nm`pbctm h bh gcsjofmr`hnjþo nmbmojzhgmrh, pmr uo nmph`jcotm tmthb gc bms `cgjms gc nm`uojnhnjþo bmnhbcs. So hbtm fuonjmohrjm gcb @jojstcrjm gc Cgunhnjþo gc Ihrihgms, co nhrth gjrjkjgh hb gjhrjm gc @jh`j Cb Oucvm Ecrhbg, pmoàh gc `hojfjcstm su prcmnuphnjþo pmr bms ‒scrjms prmibc`hs quc sc gcrjvho gc bhs trhos`jsjmocs gc bh tcbcvjsjþo gc

Csthgms Sojgms h bms phàscs bhtjomh`crjnhoms y nhrjicøms, nmovcrtjghs co pmgcrmsh fucrzh nubturhb quc cstè gclhogm eucbbhs co tmghs bhs csfcrhs gc bh vjgh... Cs uo prmncsm `uy scrjm bh pêrgjgh gc bh nubturh ohnjmohb". Cs j`prcsjmohotc rcvjshr uo gàh nuhbqujcrh, pcrjþgjnms nm`m Cb Nm`crnjm gc Bj`h y gc Xujtm, Bh Qrcosh gc Iucoms Hjrcs, gc Qhoh`è y gc @hohkuh, Cb @crnurjm gc Nejbc, y tmgms bms gc`ès gjhrjms hfjbjhgms h bh ^JQ.  Qhrcnco gjrjkjgms pmr uoh smbh ihtuth quc mrqucsth bhs jofmr`hnjmocs y bhs nh`phøhs `hojpubhtmrjhs co tmgm cb nmotjocotc. Bh fmr`h nm`m sc eh gcsjofmr`hgm h H`êrjnh Bhtjoh y h bh mpjojþo püibjnh `uogjhb smirc Ycpüibjnh Gm`jojnhoh co 8:634 smirc Nuih, gcsgc 8:3: ehsth bh fcneh4 nmotrh Nejbc, hotcs gc bh cbcnnjþo gc Hbbcogc, gurhotc Q" kmijcrom y ehsth su nhàgh4 nmotrh Ojnhrhkuh gcsgc cb hsncosm gcb Frcotc ^hogjojsth gc Bjicrhnjþo4 nmotrh Qcrü gurhotc cb kmijcrom gcb kcocrhb Vcbhsnm Hbvhrhgm y th`ijêo nuhogm cb kmijcrom gc Hbho Khrnàh pbhotcþ bh frustrhgh ohnjmohbjzhnjþo gc bh ihonh4 nmotrh bh Imbjvjh gc Luho Lmsê Wmrrcs m nmotrh Krhohgh kmicrohgh pmr cb phrtjgm gc bh Oucvh Lmyh, supcrhràh fènjb`cotc cb oü`crm gc pèkjohs gc cstc bjirm. ^mirc nhgh uoh gc cshs cxpcrjconjhs sc eho rchbjzhgm cstugjms y puibjnhgm bjirms. Cbchzhr Gàhz Yhokcb, prmfcsmr uojvcrsjthrjm gc Vcoczucbh, co su bjirm Qucibms suijofmr`hgms  rcnmkc bhs omtjnjhs su`jojstrhghs pmr hp y SQ SQJJ  y puibjnhghs pmr bms prjonjphbcs gjhrjms bhtjomh`crjnhoms gcsgc bh vàspcrh gc bh jovhsjþo omrtch`crjnhoh h Ycpüibjnh Gm`jojnhoh. Oj uoh smbh nmrrcspmogàh h bh rchbjghg. Bh `hymràh gc cbbhs fucrmo jo

866

 

vcothghs y csnrjths co [èsejoktmo y gcsphnehghs hb `uogm nm`m sj prmncgjcrho gc ^hotm Gm`jokm. Nmo bh kucrrh psjnmbþkjnh om sc csthih cokhøhogm üojnh`cotc h bh mpjojþo püibjnh jotcrohnjmohb sjom ht prmpjm pucibm omrtch`crjnhom phrh lustjfjnhr bh nrj`johb jotcrvconjþo. Gcsnuijcrtm cb cokhøm, ojokuoh hkconjh trhosohnjmohb bm ejzm nmomncr hb `uogm. Fuc bh prcosh jogcpcogjcotc omrtch`crjnhoh bh quc nmogcoþ cb prmncgj`jcotm. Cb cgjtmrjhb gcb [hsejoktmo QmstþcR 99 gc luojm gc 8:63 cs jbustrhtjvm hb rcspcntm. Gjnc< ‒Soh gc`mnrhnjh qucgh `hb scrvjgh nuhogm sus hkcotcs m fuonjmohrjms sc nm`prm`ctco gcbjicrhgh`cotc co hntms gc puibjnjghg phrh nmofuogjr h sus nm`phtrjmths, hsà nm`m hb rcstm gcb `uogm. Bh `hkojtug gcb frhugc eh sjgm gcspjhghgh`cotc gmnu`cothgm co cb prmkrh`h ―Mpco Cog‚, gc Ghvjg ^ussdjok, pmruo krupm gc pcrjmgjsths nmosnjcotcs y rcspcthgms quc csthiho prcscotcs co ^hotm Gm`jokm co `m`cotms nrunjhbcs hotcs y gcspuês gc bh jotcrvconjþo gc bms Csthgms Sojgms‐. H nmofcsjþo gc phrtc, rcbcvm gc prucihs. ^mirc bh gcsjofmr`hnjþo phrh j`pcgjr cb trjuofm gc ^hbvhgmr Hbbcogc y gcspuês phrh gcscsthijbjzhrbm y prcphrhr bhs nmogjnjmocs 'phrh cb nuhrtcbhzm gc Qjomnect cxjstc hiuoghotc bjtcrhturh, pcrfcnth`cotc gmnu`cothgh, quc prucih ehsth bms nmstms jotcroms gc bh mpcrhnjþo co bms quc sc jonbuyco bms `jbbmocs gc gþbhrcs quc bms Cgwhrgs, prmpjcthrjms gcb gjhrjm Cb @crnurjm  gc ^hotjhkm gc Nejbc, rcnjijcrmo gc bh NÀH.  Bh gcsjofmr`hnjþo fuc, pmr csm, jotcroh y cxtcroh. L]hs cbcnnjmocs kcocrhbcs gc 8:67 co Nejbc fucrmo cb `m`cotm hprmpjhgm phrh nmovcrtjr h csc phàs co cb prj`cr nmocljbbm gc jogjhs gc bhs oucvhs tênojnhs gc `hojpubhnjþo. ^c trhthih gc j`pcgjr cb trjuofm gc Hbbcogc -cs gcnjr ‒shbvhr h Nejbc phrh cb `uogm bjirc‐- sjo tcocr quc jonurrjr gcspuês co uoh kucrrh nmovconjmohb quc cs `unem `ès nmstmsh quc bh kucrrh psjnmbþkjnh. Bh mpcrhnjþo, nuym jostru`cotm fuogh`cothb scràh bh gcsjotmr- `hnjþo sc bbh`þ, pmr csm, Qrmycntm Qcrjmgàstjnm  m ‒nþ`m shbvhr h uo phàs gcb nm`uojs`m sjo utjbjzhr ohphb`‐. ^mirc cstc pbho quc sc Nu`pbjþ cxjtmsh`cotc co 8:67 y cb hpbjnhgm h phrtjr gc 8:;1 quc nub`joþ nmo cb kmbpc shokrjcotm gcb kcocrhb Qjomnect cb 88 gc sctjc`irc gc 8:;>, cb Nmokrcsm gc Csthgms Sojgms rchbjzþ jovcstjkhnjmocs y h trhvês gc bh prcosh jogcpcogjcotc omrtch`crjnhoh -gc bh quc tmghvàh qucgh- sc gjfuogjcrmo jonbusm gcthbbcs. ^c eho csnrjtm `unems cstugjms pmr smnjþbmkms y pcrjmgjsths omthibcs nm`m Ecricrt

86;

 

^nejOcr, Hr`hog @httcbhrt, Jvc Ehrgy, Krckmrjm ^cbscr y mtrms, smirc êb Qrmycntm Qcrjmgàstjnm.  Cs j`pmrthotc csthibcncrbh `ctmgmbmkàh sckujgh co Nejbc, pmrquc co csconjh, nmo hbkuohs hghpthnjmocs bmnhbcs, cs bh `js`h c`pbchgh co H`êrjnh Bhtjoh< co Ojnhrhkuh, co Krhohgh y co Qhoh`è. Co Hsjh eho sufrjgm su cxpcrj`cothnjþo Nh`imyh y Bhms4 y bh `hymràh gc phàscs gcb Hfrjnh, cspcnjhb`cotc \hjrc, Nmokm, @mzh`ijquc y Hokmbh. Cb gc 8:;> hpbjnhgm h Nejbc, fuc sj`jbhr hb fh`msm ‒lhnhrthzm‐ quc co uoh smbh omnec hnhiþ `cgjhotc cb

hscsjohtm nmo gcncohs gc `jbcs gc pmbàtjnms, sjogjnhbjsths y cstugjhotcs co Jogmocsjh, nm`m nub`johnjþo gc bh kucrrh gcsjofmr`htjvh. Qhrh bh sjkujcotc gcsnrjpnjþo smirc bh mpcrhnjþo psjnmbþkjnh co Nejbc, rcnurrj`ms h uoh sàotcsjs gcb cstugjm rchbjzhgm pmr Jvc Ehrgy Ehrgy7. Cb hoèbjsjs gc `crnhgm -prmfuogm y `mtjvhnjmohb- csthibcnjþ quc cb prj`cr milctjvm h scr hthnhgm crh bh `ulcr nejbcoh pcrtcocnjcotc h bh pcqucøh iurkucsàh. Wmgms bms `cgjms gc nm`uojnhnjþo hpuothràho smirc bh `ulcr gc nbhsc `cgjh, nm`m smirc uo ibhonm, phrh j`pbhothrbc gms jgchs fucrzh co su `cotc< bh prj`crh, rcbhnjmohr nmo cb nm`uojs`m sus tc`mrcs, prcmnuphnjmocs prcmnuphnjmocs y frustrhnjmocs y, sckuogm, jgcotjfjnhr hb nhogjghtm Hbbcogc nm`m hb jostru`cotm gcb nm`uojs`m jotcrohnjmohb. jostru`cotm jotcrohnjmohb. " Gms hkconjhs gc puibjnjghg omrtch`crjnhohs -@nNhoo Crjndsmo, nmo su fjbjhb nejbcoh @hrpbho, y [hbtcr Wem`psmo-fucrmo bhs conhrkhghs gc ghr bms tmqucs ohnjmohbcs gc hrtc y thbcotm h bh nh`phøh y gjstrjiujrbh h bms `cgjms gc nm`uojnhnjþo, h trhvês gc uoh tcrncrh hkconjh nrchgh nmo csc prmpþsjtm. gc luojm gc 8:;1, 8:;1, cb gjhrjm Cb @crnurjm gc ^hotjhkm, puibjnþ uo `mothlc fmtmkrèfjnm h nuhrtm gc pèkjoh. Co bh jbustrhnjþo hphrcnc oàtjgh`cotc Bh Nhsh gc bh @mocgh -cb phbhnjm prcsjgconjhb gc Nejbc-nmo uo thoquc smvjêtjnm pjothgm nmo bhs sjkbhs gc bh SY^^ y bh emz y cb `hrtjbbm. Hb pjc gc bh fmtm sc bcàh< "Cb kmijcrom prm-nm`uojsth hirjrè bhs pucrths gc Nejbc h cstms thoqucs-. Ehy `ès clc`pbms< mtrh fmtmkrhfàh, gc uo hemrnhgm, nmo bh sjkujcotc bcycogh< ‒lCstm cs nm`uojs`m!" Cb tàtubm gcb krhihgm< ―½Sg. qujcrc shbvhr h Nejbc gcb nm`uojs`m=‐ 

Nm`m clc`pbm gc `hojpubhnjþo pmr rhgjm, Ehrgy rcprmgunc cb sjkujcotc spmt puibjnjthrjm< thibctcm gc uoh h`ctrhbbhgmrh, nm`m fmogm. -‒lBms nm`uojsths eho hscsjohgm h `j ejlm!" -krjth uoh `ulcr. Mtrh vmz `hsnubjoh houonjh, krhvc< -‒Csm pucgc suncgcr sj Nejbc 

 

phsh h scr nm`uojsth". Vmz fc`cojoh< -"Cstm eh sjgm uo bbh`h`jcotm gc Hngþo Fc`cojoh". ^j`ubtèoch`cotc `jbbhrcs gc emkhrcs gc nbhsc `cgjh rcnjico uo nucstjmohrjm nmo rþtubm y scbbm fhbsjfjnhgm gc Sojghg Qmpubhr. ^c bcs cxjkc h bms phgrcs gc fh`jbjh quc gcsnrjiho co fmr`h gcthbbhgh, bms hrtcfhntms cbcntrmgm`êstjnms quc pmscco4 cb oü`crm gc ehijthnjmocs àircs co sus nhshs m gcphrth`cotms. Wjcoco quc rcspmogcr hgc`ès sj csthràho m om gjspucstms h nm`phrtjr su vjvjcogh y sus coscrcs nmo bms pmircs gcb phàs co nhsm gcb trjuofm gc Hbbcogc. Cb gmnu`cotm, fcnehgm co ^hotjhkm, omtjfjnh quc cb rcfcrjgm nucstjmohrjm scrè rcnmkjgm pmr "uo rcprcscothotc mfjnjhb gc bh rcfmr`h urihoh gcb kmijcrom gc Sojghg Qmpubhr‐.  Soh jovcstjkhnjþo gcb phrbh`cotm nejbcom smirc cb mrjkco gc csh puibjnjghg csthibcnjþ quc bh conhrkhgh gc su gjstrjiunjþo crh uoh hkconjh oucvh,  Ho  Hogh ghbj bjco co,,  fmr`hgh pmr uo `jc`irm gcb gjrcntmrjm gc Cb @crnurjm. Bms gc`ès smnjms crho c`prcshrjms gc bhs nm`phøàhs gc nmirc, cb krupm @crnurjm y uo hkcotc gc bh NÀH quc nmo cb scugþoj`m gc Nehrbjc ehiàh hpmrthgm 611 `jb gþbhrcs h bh smnjcghg. ^cküo bhs jovcstjkhnjmocs puibjnhghs co Bc @mogc Gjpbm`htjn, cb gjhrjm nejbcom Cb @crnurjm rcnjijþ hbrcgcgmr gcb njonucoth pmr njcotm gc bms khstms rchbjzhgms pmr bh NÀH co Nejbc. Csm cxpbjnh quc gc sus trhgjnjmohbcs cgjnjmocs gc 71 pèkjohs gjhrjhs, shbthrho h 891, prcvjh rcomvhnjþo gc sus hotjkums cqujpms gc tjpmkrhfàh gc pbm`m h bh nm`pmsjnjþo cbcntrþojnh y hb mffsct.  Bms `cgjms jofmr`htjvms co Nejbc gcshrrmbbhrmo, gurhotc bms trcs høms gcf kmijcrom gcb prcsjgcotc Hbbcogc, uoh nh`phøh sjstc`ètjnh gc fhbsjfjnhnjþo gc omtjnjhs. Gcspuês gcb hsncosm gc Hbbcogc hb kmijcrom, bh `ulcr gc nbhsc `cgjh fuc hihogmohgh nm`m ibhonm prjonjphb gc j`phntm4 bhs Fucrzhs Hr`hghs y bms Nhrhijocrms, fucrmo cb oucvm ibhonm cbckjgm. Gjhrjh`cotc hphrcnàho tjtubhrcs smirc pbhocs gcb ‒nm`uojs`m phrh gcsnhiczhr hb clêrnjtm nejbcom". Gcsgc

buckm quc bhs fucotcs gc cshs omtjnjhs vcoàho gc hbkuoh puibjnhnjþo gcsnmomnjgh gcb cxtcrjmr. Bms tjtubhrcs om nmrrcspmogàho nmo bhs jofmr`hnjmocs, co bh nmofjhozh gc quc bh `hymràh gc bcntmrcs sþbm rcvjsh tàtubms. ^c bbckþ h puibjnhr cb gcsnuirj`jcotm gc uo pbho  \c  \cth th gcstjohgm h gcstrujr h bhs fucrzhs hr`hghs nejbcohs nmo hr`h`cotm nuihom y nejom. ^j`jbhrcs hb pbho \c  \cth th sc eho "gcsnuijcrtm‐ vhrjms co H`êrjnh Bhtjoh, nm`m cb Gmnu`cotm gc Yhonhkuh m cb Gmnu`cotm gc bh 

 

c`ihlhgh gcS`h, nmo uoh rcbhnjþo gc bms mpmsjtmrcs hb kmijcrom gc Qrhgm nm`m

icocfjnjhrjms gc cstjpcogjms nuihoms. Cstc übtj`m cstuvm frhkuhgm pmr bh csthnjþo gc bh nàh, co nm`pbjnjghg nmo cx-hkco- tcs gc Ihtjsth y bh phrtjnjphnjþo jotcbcntuhb gc Cugmnjm Yhvjocs, uo fh`msm scrvjgmr gc bh nàh. ^c utjbjzþ phrh ehncrbm püibjnm hb cotmoncs `jojstrm gc Kucrrh gcb Qcrü, kcocrhb Nuhgrh Yhvjocs. Co cb fhbsjfjnhgm pbho \cth fjkurhiho co bhs bjsths gc bms quc scràho clcnuthgms, lcfcs y mfjnjhbcs gc bh fucrzh hr`hgh nejbcoh nmo sus rcspcntjvms fh`jbjhrcs. ^j`ubtèoch`cotc, bh nh`phoh pmr bhs "rcstrjnnjmocs h bh bjicrthg gc prcosh co Nejbc" crho mrqucsthghs pmr bh ^mnjcghg Jotcrh`crjnhoh gc Qrcosh y mnuphiho bhs prj`crhs pèkjohs gc tmgms sus pcrjþgjnms hfjbjhgms. Cb trhth`jcotm jofmr`htjvm co Ojnhrhkuh, co Krhohgh ehsth bh vàspcrh gc bh jotcrvconjþo `jbjthr omrtch`crjnhoh y buckm co Qhoh`è smo sj`jbhrcs hb Qrmycntm Qcrjmgàstjnm, cxpcrj`cothgm co Nejbc. ^c eh csthibcnjgm y puibjnhgm co cb Ocw Zmrd Wj`cs  quc cb gjhrjm Bh Qrcosh gc @hohkuh rcnjijþ cb `js`m trhtm ghgjvmsm quc Cb @crnurjm gc ^hotjhkm, gc phrtc gc bh nàh, gcsgc bms tjc`pms gcb prcsjgcotc Nèrtcr. ^mirc bh jotcrvconjþo omrtch`crjnhoh, bch`ms gms pèrrhfms gcb cgjtmrjhbgcb Ocw Zmrd  ;;`cs   ;;`cs puibjnhgm bh`cothibc`cotc gcspuês gc bh nhàgh gc Hbbcogc< "Bhs hnnjmocs conuijcrths pmr phrtc gc bh NÀH nhushrmo thoth vcrkòcozh h cstc phàs, quc sþbm scrjhs h`cohzhs h bh sckurjghg ohnjmohb gc bms Csthgms Sojgms pmgràho lustjfjnhrbhs. Cb kmijcrom gc ^hbvhgmr Hbbcogc om h`cohzhih co ohgh h oucstrm phàs, cxncptm h bh prmpjcghg gc c`prcshs omrtch`crjnhohs nuyh cxprmpjhnjþo csthih hpmyhgh pmr tmgms bms phrtjgms pmbàtjnms. ...Cb hntuhb rêkj`co `jbjthr nejbcom cs uom gc bms `ès rcpubsjvms kmijcroms gcb `uogm. Cb hrku`cotm quc omsmtrms cstèih`ms prmtckjcogm h bh prcosh y h bms phrtjgms gc mpmsjnjþo co Nejbc, om mfrcnc pcrsuhsjþo pmr scr fhbsm. Bms Csthgms Sojgms sc nmovjrtjcrmo co jostru`cotms gc uo shokrjcotm kmbpc gc Csthgm y gc bh nrucb rcprcsjþo quc smircvjom".

Om ehy ohgh quc hsustc `ès hb j`pcrjm quc cb clc`pbm- Nuih m Ojnhrhkuh lh`ès pmogrèo co pcbjkrm bh jotckrjghg oj bh sckurjghg gc

8;1

 

Csthgms Sojgms, cotrc mtrhs rhzmocs, pmrquc om smo sujnjghs gc prmvmnhr h bh pmtconjh `jbjthr `ès pmgcrmsh gc bh Wjcrrh. Bm quc bcs qujth cb sucøm h bms kmicrohotcs omrtch`crjnhoms cs cb clc`pbm quc csths rcvmbunjmocs jrrhgjho hb Wcrncr @uogm, cspcnjhb`cotc h H`êrjnh Bhtjoh, y bh sj`phtàh pmpubhr quc kmzho. Qhrh trhosfmr`hr bh sj`phtàh co tc`mr y buckm co hoj`hgvcrsjþo, Csthgms Sojgms eh jovcrtjgm `jbcs gc `jbbmocs gc gþbhrcs co prmphkhogh hotjnuihoh prj`crm, y vcjotc høms gcspuês nmotrh Ojnhrhkuh. Cb kmijcrom gcb j`pcrjm shic quc bhs rcvmbunjmocs om sc cxpmrtho, pcrm sà cb clc`pbm. Qhrh j`pcgjrbm, ijco pugjcrmo csthibcncr uo oucvm mrgco cnmoþ`jnm jotcrohnjmohb quc om csqujb`c h bms pucibms suigcshrrmbbhgms. Qcrm csm bcs hfcnthràh sus sjc`prc nrcnjcotcs khohonjhs. Co vcz gc cbbm, eho cbckjgm bh `cotjrh nm`m su hr`h pmgcrmsh y prcgjbcnth. Bh Fcgcrhnjþo Bhtjomh`crjnhoh gc Qcrjmgjsths (FCBHQ) eh cgjthgm uo vmbu`co3 nmo bh jovcstjkhnjþo rchbjzhgh pmr pcrjmgjsths gc bh `hymràh gc phàscs gcb nmotjocotc smirc bhs fhbscghgcs prmphbhghs nmotrh cb kmijcrom gc Ojnhrhkuh. Nhgh pcrjmgjsth ejzm cb cstugjm co su phàs gc rcsjgconjh gc bms `cgjms gc nm`uojnhnjþo csnrjtms y hugjmvjsuhbcs bmnhbcs< co cb Qcrü, Luho Khrkurcvjne4 co Nmbm`ijh, Hrturm Kucrrcrm4 co Vcoczucbh, Cbchzhr Gàhz Yhokcb, cotrc mtrms. Sojnh`cotc sc tm`þ nm`m `ucstrh bm gjfuogjgm co uoh sc`hoh. Cb ihbhonc cs csphotmsm pmr bh nhphnjghg gcb krho phàs gcb omrtc phrh `cotjr y pmr su fhbth gc rcspctm y gcsprcnjm h bh jotcbjkconjh gc bh eu`hojghg, jonbuycogm h bh gc sus prmpjms njughghoms. Ycnmrgc`ms üojnh`cotc uo hsm`irmsm nhsm gc gcsjofmr`hnjþo smirc Ojnhrhkuh, gcijgh`cotc csnbhrcnjgh pmr bh rchbjghg< cb kcocrhb Ehjk, co su nmogjnjþo gc scnrcthrjm gc Csthgm gc bms Csthgms Sojgms prcscotþ co nmofcrconjh gc prcosh nmovmnhgh co su gcsphnem, fmtmkrhfàhs gc supucsths `hshnrcs nm`ctjghs pmr bms shogjojsths nmotrh bms ehijthotcs gc bh trjiu gc bms @jsqujtms. ^cküo cb kcocrhb Ehjk, bms shogjojsths hscsjohiho `jsqujtms y bms quc`hiho pmr gcncohs. Bhs fmtmkrhfàhs prcscothghs crho bh prucih gcb kcomnjgjm. Qcrm csh `cotjrh tho gcsnhrhgh tuvm pjcrohs `uy nmrths. Bhs `js`hs fmtmkrhfàhs cxjstàho, gcsgc gjcz høms hotcs, co bhs mfjnjohs gc bh Nruz Ymlh Jotcrohnjmohb. Cfcntjvh`cotc, co bhs fmtms hphrcnco nhgèvcrcs gc jogàkcohs co pbcoh nrc`hnjþo. Qcrm bh jonjocrhnjþo sc prmgulm jo`cgjhth`cotc gcspuês gcb tcrrc`mtm quc hsmbþ Ojnhrhkuh co tjc`pms gc ^m`mzh. Qmr rhzmocs gc shojghg, covjhgms gc bh Nruz

8;8

 

Ymlh tuvjcrmo quc quc`hr h bhs vàntj`hs gcb sjs`m phrh cvjthr cpjgc`jhs. Bm jovcrmsà`jb cs quc cb kcocrhb Ehjk sà shiàh gc bm quc sc trhthih y cokhøþ h sus nm`phtrjmths y hb `uogm. Qcrm bh nm`prmihnjþo gcb frhugc quc gcijþ omr`hb`cotc nmostjtujr uo csnèoghbm, fuc sjbconjhgm pmr tmgms bms `cgjms gc nm`uojnhnjþo scrvjbcs h bh pmbàtjnh omrtch`crjnhoh. Co bh `hojpubhnjþo jofmr`htjvh sc hprmvcneh y sc trhfjnh nmo bhs nrcconjhs rcbjkjmshs gc bh kcotc.cxpcrjconjhs Bms cstugjms bh Qmr gcsjofmr`hnjþo coNejbc, gc Ojnhrhkuh y Krhohgh,co rcnmkco hbkuohs gc smirc cstc tjpm. clc`pbm, bh hphrjnjþo vàrkcocs `jbhkrmshs phàscs h`cohzhgms pmr cb nm`uojs`m. Bh Vjrkco ^hoth, nuyh cfjkjc co ycsm nm`cozþ h trhospjrhr co Ojnhrhkuh, scküo omtjnjhs prmphbhghs pmr Bh Qrcosh  y bh `hymràh gc c`jsmrhs gc rhgjm, ‒om vcàh nmo sj`phtàh hb Frcotc ^hogjojsth". Ihlm su fjr`h, cb pcrjmgjsth gc Bh Qrcosh, Eu`icrtm Icbbm, gcsnrjijþ bhs hphrjnjmocs gc bh Vjrkco ^hoth co vhrjms emkhrcs gc Ojnhrhkuh, gc bh `js`h `hocrh quc ehiàh hphrcnjgm co Nuih, Qmbmojh y mtrms phàscs smnjhbjsths. Cs gcnjr, cb `jbhkrm phrcnàh uoh omtjfjnhnjþo nmotrh cb kmijcrom. ^u `ès rcnjcotc prcscothnjþo smircohturhb sc ehiàh prmgunjgm co Krhohgh, gc gmogc sc rctjrþ shtjsfcneh gcspuês gc bh jotcrvconjþo omrtch`crjnhoh. ^c ghih h cotcogcr quc bh Vjrkco @hràh ehnàh su hphrjnjþo gjvjoh phrh jogunjr h bh kcotc h quc nh`ijhrh gc kmijcrom. Bh übtj`h Vjrkco gc bh nuhb sc tcokh omtjnjh rchphrcnjþ co Nejbc, gurhotc cb kmijcrom gc Qjomnect nmo `coshlcs rhgjnhb y frhonh`cotc hotjnm`uojsths. H su pcrckrjohnjþo sc gjrjkjþ cb cx `jojstrm gc Kucrrh gcb Qcrü, gcb kmijcrom gc Hbho Khrnàh, kcocrhb Lmrkc Fbmrcs, co uo shnrjfjnhgm vjhlc h bm`m gc `uàh.

Nmo jkuhb tênojnh gjfh`htmrjh quc bh hpbjnhgh h bms @hu @hu fuc prcscothgm co su tjc`pm cb kcocrhb Hukustm Nêshr ^hogjom. Ehsth bh puibjnhnjþo gcb bjirm ^hogjom, kcocrhb gc bms em`ircs bjircs gc Krckmrjm ^cbscr, uoh kcocrhnjþo bm nrcyþ sj`pbc`cotc uo ihogmbcrm. Cb `js`m `êtmgm frhugubcotm sc c`pbch nmotrh cb pucibm phbcstjom y nmotrh su kmijcrom, prcsjgjgm pmr Zhsscr Hrhfht, vjclm nm`ihtjcotc y nmoguntmr gc bh MBQ. 

8;9

 

Krhohgh eh sjgm bh übtj`h vàntj`h gc bh jotcrvconjþo gc bhs fucrzhs hr`hghs gc Csthgms Sojgms. Ehsth bh vàspcrh, bms `cgjms gc nm`uojnhnjþo nrchrmo co cb nmotjocotc y co cb `uogm, cb h`ijcotc psjnmbþkjnm quc lustjfjnhrh bh jovhsjþo. Soh sc`hoh gcspuês, bh phbhirh Krhohgh eh sjgm imrrhgh, nm`m fucotc gc jofmr`hnjþo, pmr bhs hkconjhs trhosohnjmohbcs. Om sc ehibh `ès gc bh Oucvh Lmyh, nm`m sj th`ijêo euijcrh gcshphrcnjgm gcb `hph. Qucrtm Yjnm cs, sjo c`ihrkm, cb phàs gmogc bh tcrncrh nmbmojzhnjþo cstè `ès hvhozhgh. Sojnh`cotc fhbth quc bms imrjonhoms, nm`m bms fjbjpjoms gc emy, mbvjgco cb nhstcbbhom phrh quc tmgm cstê nmosu`hgm. Co csc `m`cotm, bh bhtjomh`crjnhoh Qucrtm Yjnm sc nmovcrtjrè co uo csthgm `ès gc bh Sojþo, co su qujonuhkêsj`h prj`crh cstrcbbh. Co pmgcr gc bms Csthgms Sojgms, Qucrtm Yjnm-nmo bh tèntjnh gc bh fruth `hgurh quc frhnhsþ frhnhsþ phrnjhb`cotc co Nuih, pucstm quc rctjcoc tmghvàh Kuhotèoh`m- phsþ gcb prj`cr nmbmojhbjs`m csphømb hb omrtch`crjnhom. Buckm, sjo jogcpcogconjh sc nmovcrtjràh co uoh fhntmràh ihlm bh gcom`johnjþo gc Csthgm Bjirc Hsmnjhgm m, nm`m csnrjijþ Ojnmbès Kujbbêo co uo pmc`h, ‒smnjm hsmnjhgm co smnjcghg‐. Co csth cthph, tmgms bms `cgjms gc jofmr`hnjþo, tmghs bhs tcnombmkàhs gc

bh nm`uojnhnjþo eho sjgm j`pbhothghs, sjo hbtcrohtjvh, smirc bh hotjkuh Imrjoquco. Hbbà, nm`m co uo pmbàkmom gc tjrm, sc hpbjnho tmghs bhs tênojnhs y bhs njconjhs gc bh `hojpubhnjþo y gcb cokhøm. Bms pmrtmrrjqucøms smo bms nmocljbbms gc jogjhs, bms prj`crms ‒em`ircs gc Qhvbmv‐ h bms quc -sjo quc bm pcrnjiho sjqujcrh- sc bcs hnmogjnjmoh j`pubsms y sc prhntjnh nmo cbbms bh trhosfusjþo gc nmovjnnjmocs. Bms puibjnjsths, hscsmrhgms pmr psjnþbmkms trhihlho h sus honehs, nmo j`puojghg pbcoh, sus tênojnhs gc htjimrrh`jcotm gc nrèocms. Bhs jofmr`hnjmocs nmo bhs quc sc outrco tjcoco nm`m vcothoh üojnh y cstrcneh bh quc bc prmpmrnjmoh su oucvh `ctrþpmbj. Nhgh vcz smo `coms bms quc rcnucrgho y sjkuco bhs coscøhozhs gc csc phtrjmth bbh`hgm Qcgrm Hbijzu Nh`pms. ^us trhgjnjmocs nubturhbcs sc imrrho j`pcrncptjibc`cotc ihlm uo j`pbhnhibc y nhsj jovjsjibc ctomnjgjm. Nhgh vcz ehy `ès imrjonhoms quc sjo njhrsc nucoth, pjcosho y hntüho nm`m sj fucrho omrtch`crjnhoms. Cb prcsjgcotc Iuse, co gcnbhrhnjmocs fmr`ubhghs cb 83 gc lubjm gc 8:5:, houonjþ su sj`phtàh phrh nmovcrtjr h bh jsbh quc ‒nrcc co Nrjstm y ehibh co csphømb‐ co cb csthgm oü`crm 38 gcb oucvm j`pcrjm. Qucrtm Yjnm vjvc emy,

th`ijêo, su tcrncrh nmbmojzhnjþo.

 

Qhoh`è, phàs mnuphgm

Bh nh`phøh gc gcsjofmr`hnjþo smirc Qhoh`è sc jojnjþ co krho csnhbh co luojm gc8:56 nuhogm [èsejoktmo gcnjgjþ hnhihr nmo cb kcocrhb @houcb Hotmojm Omrjckh, nm`hoghotc co lcfc gc bhs Fucrzhs Hr`hghs gc Qhoh`è. ^cjs `cscs hotcs cb hb`jrhotc omrtch`crjnhom Lmeo Qmjotgcxtcr, phb`cþ cb em`irm hb phoh`cøm phrh omtjfjnhrbc quc sc ‒htuvjcrh h bhs nmoscnuconjhs‐. Qmjotgcxtcr, gjrcntmr gcb Nmosclm gc ^ckurjghg gc Csthgms Sojgms, ehiàh

prmpucstm h Omrjckh cb 8; gc gjnjc`irc gc 8:53, quc rm`pjcrh y hihogmohrh cb krupm gc Nmothgmrh y quc hncpthrh quc Qhoh`è sjrvjcrh nm`m ihsc gc bms ‒nmotrhs" phrh bh hnnjþo gc

êstms nmotrh cb kmijcrom shogjojsth gc Ojnhrhkuh. Bh rcspucsth gc Omrjckh fuc uo om rmtuogm. Csth vcrsjþo eh sjgm nmofjr`hgh pmr bms prmpjms omrtch`crjnhoms. Nmo pmstcrjmrjghg h csc jonjgcotc sc eho hpbjnhgm uoh scrjc gc hkrcsjmocs cnmoþ`jnhs, nm`m cb rctjrm gc bh numth hzunhrcrh gc Qhoh`è co Csthgms Sojgms4 bh rctconjþo gc bms fmogms nmrrcspmogjcotcs h csc phàs pmr jokrcsms gcb Nhohb4 cb nmokcbh`jcotm gc gcpþsjtms phoh`cøms co bh ihonh omrtch`crjnhoh4 cb imjnmt gc bh ihonh phrh gclhr sjo `mocgh y phrhbjzhr su cnmom`àh4 cb rctjrm `hsjvm gc gcpþsjtms ehsth pmr 81 `jb `jbbmocs gc gþbhrcs gc bms ihonms phoh`cøms4 cb nmrtc gc prêsth`ms hnmrghgms pmr cb Ihonm @uogjhb y mtrms mrkhojs`ms gc nrêgjtm jotcrohnjmohb4 bh prmejijnjþo h bhs c`prcshs omrtch`crjnhohs gc phkhr j`pucstms hb kmijcrom phoh`cøm ihlm bh nmosjkoh gc gcstrmzhr su cnmom`àh4 bh prmejijnjþo gc jokrcsm h Csthgms Sojgms gc bh bàoch Hjr Qhoh`h y bh nmofjsnhnjþo gc sus ehicrcs jonbuycogm uo Imcjok ;9; csthnjmohgm co @jh`j, hgc`ès gc bh nhoncbhnjþo süijth gc bh bjnconjh quc pmr `ès gc vcjotc høms bc pcr`jtàh nu`pbjr jtjocrhrjms nm`crnjhbcs4 y uoh bhrkh scrjc gc `cgjghs `ès. Bm `ès omthibc gc csth kucrrh cnmoþ`jnh y psjnmbþkjnh eh sjgm bh fmr`h sj`ubtèoch y em`mkcocjzhgh nm`m rcspmogjcrmo h bh vmz gc mrgco, bms gjhrjms bhtjomh`crjnhoms hfjbjhgms h bh sjp, bhs rhgjmc`jsmrhs gc bh hjr y bms jofmr`htjvms gc bh tcbcvjsjþo. Bh nh`phøh sc jojnjþ nmo bh hnushnjþo gc uoh supucsth phrtjnjphnjþo gcb kcocrhb Omrjckh co cb nmotrhihogm gc ohrnþtjnms, quc buckm sc ehràh cxtcosjvh hb gc hr`hs y mtrms gcbjtms.

8;7

 

Bh gcsjofmr`hnjþo fuc tho krmtcsnh quc prmvmnþ nràtjnhs co bms prmpjms Csthgms Sojgms. Om ehnàh oj uo høm quc bh hkconjh gc buneh nmotrh cb ohrnmtrèfjnm gc Csthgms Sojgms, Grmk Cofmrnc`cot Hg`jojs- trhtjmo (GCH)  covjþ uoh nhrth hb kcocrhb Omrjckh gcsgc [èsejokt mo, mo, fjr`hgh pmr su hg`jojstrhgmr Lmeo N. Bhwo, gc ‒fcbjnjthnjþo y rcnmomnj`jcotm‐ pmr ‒bh vjkmrmsh hnnjþo gc bh pmbjnàh phoh`cøh co bh buneh nmotrh cb trèfjnm gc grmkhs". 

Bh nmbhimrhnjþo gc Omrjckh nmo bh GCH om crh oucvh. Wcoàh pmr bm `coms gjcz høms gc vjkconjh. Cb ; gc hkmstm gc 8:;;, cb hg`jojstrhgmr gc bh GCH co Ihbimh, \moh gcb Nhohb, hkcotc cspcnjhb ^ecbgmo C. Ycyecr, sc gjrjkjþ pmr csnrjtm h Omrjckh phrh ‒cxprcshrbc cb

rcnmomnj`jcotm y bh krhtjtug gc bh GCH h su nm`hogm, cspcnjhb`cotc hb pcrsmohb gcb K-9 scrvjnjm gc jotcbjkconjh phoh`cøm- pmr bh ehijbjghg cxncpnjmohb co bh mitconjþo gc j`pmrthotc jofmr`hnjþo‐ quc pmsjijbjtþ bh gctconjþo gc ohrnmtrhfjnhotcs vjonubhgms h

krupms nmbm`ijhoms. Ycyecr `conjmoh y cbmkjh bh bhimr gc uoh scrjc gc pmbjnàhs h þrgcocs gc Omrjckh y nmonbuyc bh cxtcosh nhrth houonjèogmbc bh nmotjoujghg gc su nmmpcrhnjþo. Nm`m sj fucrh pmnm bh GCH nmogcnmrþ h Omrjckh nmo bh Qbhnh gc Emomr smirc cb nmotrmb gc bh Grmkè Jotcrohnjmohb. H pcshr gc bh iucoh mpjojþo gc bh GCH smirc Omrjckh, bh h`cohzh gc Qmjotgcxtcr nm`cozþ h nmonrcthrsc. Bh Nhsh Ibhonh y su `hqujohrjh gcsjofmr`htjvh jgchrmo vhrjms nh`joms. ^j bh `hojgh nhbjfjnhnjþo gc nm`uojsth om nhbzhih nmo Omrjckh, `ès sconjbbm scràh pjothrbm gc gcbjonucotc nm`üo, `hfjmsm, hscsjom y ohrnmtrhfjnhotc. Cb prcsjgcotc Ychkho utjbjzþ h uo sulctm scotconjhgm h >3 høms gc prjsjþo pmr trèfjnm gc grmkhs, phrh quc nm`prm`ctjcrh h Omrjckh. Cb gcbjonucotc Yh`þo @jbbêo Ymgràkucz quc hnusþ h Omrjckh hotc cb Lurhgm gc @jh`j, ehiàh sjgm gctcojgm co Fbmrjgh, co `hym gc 8:5>, krhnjhs h bh jofmr`hnjþo prmpmrnjmohgh pmr Omrjckh h bh GC GCH H.  Qrcnjsh`cotc pmr csh nhpturh cb Gcphrth`cotm gc Lustjnjh gc Csthgms Sojgms bc covjþ uoh omth gc fcbjnjthnjþo y hkrhgcnj`jcotm fjr`hgh pmr cb hkcotc cspcnjhb Lh`cs B. Irh`ibc. Nehrbcs Yhokcb, prcsjgcotc gcb Nm`jtê Cspcnjhb phrh bh buneh nmotrh bms Ohrnþtjnms gc Csthgms Sojgms, gcnbhrþ hb Nmokrcsm quc bhs hnushnjmocs püibjnhs nmotrh Omrjckh ‒gc`mstrhiho uoh cstrhtckjh gcfjnjcotc gjrjkjgh nmotrh bms phàscs quc sc ojckho h hpmyhr bh pmbàtjnh gc Csthgms Sojgms co Ncotrmh`êrjnh". Cb nmrrcspmoshb gc Jotcr Qrcss ^crvjnc  co [èsejoktmo smstuvm quc bh nh`phøh gcspbckhgh

8;3

 

nmotrh Omrjckh tcoàh nm`m milctjvm gcijbjthr hb Krupm gc Nmothgmrh co sus csfucrzms pmr conmotrhr smbunjmocs phnàfjnhs hb nmofbjntm ncotrmh`crjnhom. Cb pcrjþgjnm Nerjstjho ^njconc @mojtmr  josjouþ   josjouþ quc bh nh`phoh crh gjrjkjgh gcsgc bh Nhsh Ibhonh nmo bh phrtjnjphnjþo gcb Gcphrth`cotm gc Csthgm, cb Qcotèkmom y bh NÀH.  Bms bhtjomh`crjnhoms om ec`ms csnunehgm oj uoh smbh omtjnjh quc om cstuvjcrh gjrjkjgh h shthojzhr h Omrjckh. H bms nhrkms gc nmotrhihogm gc grmkhs y gc hr`hs, sc bc høhgjràho buckm bms gc vjmbhnjþo gc gcrcnems eu`homs4 gc hscsjohtm gcb cx-kucrrjbbcrm ^phghffmrh4 gc rcspmoshijbjghg co cb nm`pbmt nmotrh cb kcocrhb Wmrrjlms4 gc pmscsjþo gc nucoths njfrhghs co bh ihonh sujzh4 y gc cspjmohlc co fhvmr gc Fjgcb Nhstrm. Om ehy prcncgcotcs co bh ejstmrjh gc bh fmr`h nþ`m uo kmijcrom, pmr `cgjm gc bh prmphkhogh ockrh uojvcrshb`cotc prmphbhgh, prctcogc nh`ijhr hb nm`hoghotc co lcfc gcb clêrnjtm gc mtrm phàs. Bch`ms uo imtþo gc `ucstrh. Co vhrjms pcrjþgjnms hfjbjhgms h bh ^JQ sc puibjnþ uoh omth fcnehgh cb 9 gc sctjc`irc gc 8:5; co [èsejoktmo y fjr`hgh pmr Kcmrkjc Hooc Kcycr ihlm cb tàtubm gc Cb `m`cotm gc Qhoh`è.  Wrhosnrjij`ms uo pèrrhfm gc Cb Sojvcrshb   gc Nhrhnhs< ‒Cb hsqucrmsm kcocrhb Omrjckh sc cotrcvjstþ nmo cb prcsj gcotc `hrxjsth Mrtckh phrh h`cohzhr co cb pbhom pmbàtjnm h Csthgms Sojgms. Omrjckh eh csthibcnjgm uo tcrrmr cstjbm ^m`mzh, pmr bm quc [èsejoktmo om pucgc nmofjhr cb nhohb h sc`clhotc coc`jkm gc bh gc`mnrhnjh‐.  ^c eh hnushgm th`ijêo h Omrjckh gc hkcotc gc bh NÀH.  Om sc eh cspcnjfjnhgm sjo c`ihrkm, ehsth nuèogm tuvm bh nmofjhozh gc bms mrkhojs`ms gc jotcbjkconjh omrtch`crjnhoms. Co tmgm nhsm, bh vcrsjþo gc bh Nhsh Ibhonh nmotrh Omrjckh om cs pmr sus `hbghgcs m sus gcbjtms, sjom pmrquc lcfhturh y rcprcscoth h uoh fucrzh hr`hgh quc sc trhosfmr`þ co êpmnh gc Wmrrjlms co uo ihbuhrtc hotjnmbmojhbjsth. Csthgms Sojgms jotcrvjom j`puoc`cotc co Qhoh`è co ou`crmshs mpmrtuojghgcs sjo rjcskm hbkuom, sjo quc sus `hrjocs sufrjcrho oj uo rhskuøm, pmrquc bm quc hbbà ehiàh om crh uo clêrnjtm sjom uoh fucrzh gc pmbjnàh phrh gjrjkjr cb trèosjtm y nujghr cb mrgco püibjnm. Csc clêrnjtm, hgc`ès, sc eh nmovcrtjgm co cb clc gc bh pmbàtjnh phoh`cøh4 cs cb vcrghgcrm pmgcr gctrès gcb trmom. Co rchbjghg sjc`prc bm fuc, pcrm gcsgc cb hrrjim gc Wmrrjlms sc trhosfmr`þ gc miscnucotc nmbhimrhgmr gc bhs trmphs gc mnuphnjþo co coc`jkm lurhgm. Qmr csm bm quc iusnho

 

co rchbjghg cs gcsnhiczhr h bhs fucrzhs gc gcfcosh, bj`pjhr sus nuhgrms ohnjmohbjsths y sj fucrh pmsjibc, gcs`mvjbjzhrbhs. Om cs bh nhiczh gc Omrjckh bm quc bcs jotcrcsh, oj su ncrtjfjnhgm gc nmogunth, oj su nmogjnjþo jogughibc gc gjnthgmr. Bh Nhsh Ibhonh eh prmtckjgm h pcmrcs. Ycnmrgc`ms bm zh< "Cs uo ejlm gc p..., pcrm cs oucstrm‐. Omrjckh pucgc scr quc Cjscemwcr ^m`mnm`m ^m`mzh...,gjlm pcrmgcom cs gc cbbms. Csh cs bh gjfcrconjh. Cb 81 gc `hrzm gc 8:55, bh Nè`hrh gc Ycprcscothotcs gc Csthgms Sojgms hprmiþ uoh `mnjþo co bh quc gcnjgàho bh gcstjtunjþo gc Omrjckh gc bh lcfhturh gc bhs fucrzhs hr`hghs gc Qhoh`è. Bms gjputhgms gc bh `ctrþpmbj bckjsbho smirc bh vjgh jotcroh gc mtrm phàs, co bh nmovjnnjþo quc sc trhth gc uoh gc sus nmbmojhs. Bh `mnjþo fuc hprmihgh pmr >6; vmtms h fhvmr y 9 co nmotrh. H csc ojvcb eh bbckhgm bh tcrncrh nmbmojzhnjþo. Wrcs `cscs gcspuês gc csh Bcy gc Jogjhs, co `hrzm gc 8:55, cb prcsjgcotc Ychkho hutmrjzþ cb gcshrrmbbm gc mpcrhnjmocs conuijcrths nmo fjocs gcscsthijbjzhgmrcs co cb jst`m. Nhsj sj`ubtèoch`cotc jojnjþ sus trhos`jsjmocs uoh pmgcrmsh rhgjm nbhogcstjoh uijnhgh co bh zmoh omrtch`crjnhoh gcb Nhohb, phrh jotcrfcrjr co cb prmncsm cbcntmrhb

quc csthih co `hrneh. Cb [hsejoktmo Qmst   nm`cotþ bh sjtuhnjþo gc csh cthph nmo cb cgjtmrjhb sjkujcotc< Wms csfucrzms gc Csthgms Sojgms pmr gcrrmnhr hb kcocrhb @houcb H. Omrjckh co Qhoh`è, h trhvês gc prcsjmocs pmbàtjnhs y cnmoþ`jnhs, om cstèo ghogm rcsubthgms. Qrj`crm, oms cqujvmnh`ms co nuhotm h bh cfjnhnjh gc bhs shonjmocs cnmoþ`jnhs. Omrjckh eh sjgm nhphz gc smpmrthr shonjmocs. Xujzès uo pcràmgm gc kucrrh cnmoþ`jnh pmgràh nmogunjr hb nmbhpsm gc Omrjckh, pcrm ohgjc shic nuèotm tjc`pm tm`hràh cbbm. ^ckuogm, oms cqujvmnh`ms co nuhotm hb hpmym gc Omrjckh gcotrm gc bhs Fucrzhs gc Gcfcosh gc Qhoh`è. Cb eh prmihgm quc cs rcsjstcotc hb gcsnmotcotm gc bhs trmphs y cstè hbcrth nmotrh kmbpcs mrqucsthgms prmvcojcotcs gc gcotrm m gc fucrh‐.  Qmr bh nhotjghg gc josubtms, hnushnjmocs y bugjirjm bhozhgms nmo vcotjbhgmr hb `uogm, cb kcocrhb Omrjckh eh sjgm tmthb`cotc shthojzhgm. Nuhbcsqujcrh fucsco su fhz y su nm`pmrth`jcotm rchbcs, om sc Qucgc hg`jtjr hb kmijcrom omrtch`crjnhom su hutmprmnbh`hgm gcrcnem gc nmovcrtjrsc co fjsnhb y lucz, smirc tmgm gcspuês gc ehicr prmtckjgm y rcnmomnjgm hb ohrnm prcsjgcotc imbjvjhom Khrnàh @czh y nmogcnmrhgm h gêspmths gcsfhbnhgmrcs nm`m Ihtjsth, Wruljbbm, ^m-

8;;

 

`mzh, ^trmcssocr, Qêrcz Lj`êocz y sus gc`ès nmokêocrcs bhtjomh`crjnhoms. Csthgms Sojgms, nþ`pbjnc jotcrohnjmohb gcb rêkj`co rhnjsth y gc hphrtecjg gc Qrctmrjh4 hutmr y hntmr prjonjphb gc bh j`pbhothnjþo gc gjnthgurhs gcprcghgmrhs y kcomnjghs quc eho hsmbhgm -y hsmbho tmghvàh- phàscs gc Hfrjnh, Hsjh, Curmph y H`êrjnh Bhtjoh, nhrcnc gc vhbmr y gc `mrhb phrh crjkjrsc co èrijtrm, f jsnhb suprc`m m `mrhbjzhgmr gc kmijcrom hbkuom. Qhrh nuirjr cb prmncsm cbcntmrhb gc 8:5: co Qhoh`è, sc `motþ gcsgc [èsejoktmo uo mpcrhtjvm gc gcsjofmr`hnjþo cspcnthnubhr y csnhoghbmsm. Bhs omtjnjhs csthiho prcfhirjnhghs phrh gc`mstrhr h bh mpjojþo püibjnh `uogjhb quc cb trjuofm gcb kmijcrom scràh uoh fhrsh gc bh gjnthgurh, pcrm cb gc bh mpmsjnjþo, uoh j`pmsjnjþo gc`mnrètjnh. ^jo cb rcqujsjtm gc bh vjsh gc jokrcsm bbckhrmo h Qhoh`è, pmr bh \moh gcb Nhohb, ncotcohrcs gc pcrjmgjsths omrtch`crjnhoms quc sc hprmpjhrmo prèntjnh`cotc gc bh omtjnjh y om jofmr`hrmo gc bm quc suncgàh, sjom gc bm quc nmovcoàh quc sc gjfuogjcrh h bh pmbàtjnh omrtch`crjnhoh. Om j`pmrthih sj tmgm crh njcrtm m j`hkjohrjm, oj qujêo khohrh bhs cbcnnjmocs. Bms prmncgj`jcotms jofmr`htjvms utjbjzhgms co Qhoh`è sc hpbjnho th`ijêo co Ojnhrhkuh< sj khoh bh nhogjghth vjugh gc Neh`mrrm scrè cb trjuofm gc bh gc`mnrhnjh. Qcrm sj cs gcrrmthgh scrè pmr `hojmirhs gcb Frcotc ^hogjojsth.

Cb gjrcntmr gc bh

NÀH, 

[jbbjh` [cistcr, co cb nmb`m gcb njojs`m smbjnjtþ hb

Qrcsjgcotc Iuse y hb Nmokrcsm ‒`homs bjircs phrh hpmyhr kmbpcs gc Csthgm‐ y bjnconjh

phrh `hthr h bms gjnthgmrcs gc nuhbqujcr zmoh gcb `uogm gmogc Csthgms Sojgms

tuvjcrh ‒uo jotcrês bckàtj`m‐. Bh rchnnjþo gc [cistcr sc gcijþ h quc fuc nrjtjnhgm y

rcspmoshijbjzhgm pmr su jocfjnhnjh phrh hnhihr nmo cb nm`hoghotc co lcfc gc bh Fucrzh Hr`hgh gc Qhoh`è. Cb gjhrjm Wec [hsejoktmo Qmst  gcb   gcb buocs 86 gc mntuirc gc 8:5:, jofmr`þ quc ‒scküo bms hscsmrcs gcb prcsjgcotc cb gjrcntmr gc bh nàh pmgràh scr sustjtujgm pmr mtrh pcrsmoh `ès cfjnjcotc, gcijgm h su frhnhsm co Qhoh`è‐. [cistcr sc gcfcogjþ hj gàh sjkujcotc co bhs nmbu`ohs gcb Ocw Zmrd Wj`cs  gcnbhrhogm quc ‒uoh hotjkuh mrgco clcnutjvh prcsjgconjhb quc rcnehzh bh j`pbjnhnjþo gc Csthgms Sojgms co hscsjohtms eh sjgm jotcrprcthgh nm`m uoh prmejijnjþo gc quc cstc phàs hpmyc kmbpcs gc Csthgm quc pucgho gcsc`*

8;5

 

imnhr co bh `ucrtc gc uo kmicrohotc‐. [cistcr høhgjþ quc ‒hemrh ehiàh gctcnthgm uoh

`hymr vmbuothg pmr phrtc gcb kmijcrom y cb Nmokrcsm gc rcjotcrprcthr gjneh mrgco, gc `mgm quc, huo nmo bh prmejijnjþo gc phrtjnjphr co pbhocs gc hscsjohtm, bh NÀH pmgàh mitcocr `hymr bjicrthg phrh jotcrvcojr co uo kmbpc nm`m cb jotcothgm co Qhoh`è cb > gc mntuirc co nmotrh gcb kcocrhb Omrjckh". phbhirhs,Kcrhbg bh prmejijnjþo gc jotcrvcojr co hscsjohtms scbcntjvms gjspucsth pmr Co cb mtrhs prcsjgcotc Fmrg co 8:;6, nm`m nmoscnuconjh gc bh nm`prmihnjþo pmr cb Nmokrcsm gc bms pbhocs gc bh NÀH phrh hscsjohr h Fjgcb Nhstrm, hthih bhs `homs gc bh NÀH phrh bjqujghr pmbàtjnh y fàsjnh`cotc h Omrjckh. Qmr csth rhzþo, cotrc cb 87 y cb 8; gc mntuirc gc 8:5: cb kmijcrom gc Csthgms Sojgms tm`þ trcs `cgjghs tàpjnh`cotc j`pcrjhbcs, co cb nmovconj`jcotm gc quc bh tcrncrh nmbmojzhnjþo cstè nmosu`hgh y, co nmoscnuconjh, khohgh bh ihthbbh pmr bh gm`johnjþo y cb nmotrmb gc bh `cotc eu`hoh. Bh prj`crh gcnjsjþo gcb oucvm j`pcrjm fuc gjnthr gjspmsjtjvms bckhbcs gc nu`pbj`jcotm mibjkhtmrjm fucrh gc sus frmotcrhs. Bh oucvhs Bcycs gc Jogjhs sc gjntho emy co [èsejoktmo phrh su hpbjnhnjþo y nu`pbj`jcotm co bhs nmbmojhs. Gc csh `hocrh, pmr gcnjsjþo uojbhtcrhb, gcshphrcnc gc uo pbu`hzm cb prjonjpjm gc bh smicrhoàh gc bms Csthgms. Bh prj`crh gjspmsjnjþo gjnthgh pmr bh ^cnrcthràh gc Lustjnjh, fhnubth h bh Qmbjnàh Fcgcrhb gc Csthgms Sojgms (FI FIJJ) y h sus sco/jnjms scnrctms, h gctcocr sjo tm`hr co nucoth su ohnjmohbjghg, h bms rcqujsjtmrjh- gms pmr bms trjiuohbcs omrtch`crjnhoms co nuhbqujcr phàs gcb `uogm gmogc bms ehbbco y sjo hutmrjzhnjþo gc sus rcspcntjvms kmijcroms. Om sc rcqujcrc jovmnhr nmovcojms gc cxtrhgjnnjþo, oj pcgjr pcr`jsm h ohgjc. ^c trhth gc bh bckhbjzhnjþo gcb scnucstrm h ojvcb `uogjhb. Bh sckuogh fhnubthg gcb kmijcrom gc Csthgms Sojgms -co bh quc sc jovmbunrh gjrcnth`cotc cb nhsm gc Qhoh`è- cs bh gc jotcrvcojr y hpmyhr kmbpcs gc Csthgm vjmbcotms phrh gcrrmnhr y cvcotuhb`cotc hscsjohr h gjnthgmrcs gc mtrms phàscs co gcfcosh gc su sckurjghg y gc sus jotcrcscs bckàtj`ms. Csth ‒bjnconjh phrh `hthr" jospjrhgh co cb hkcotc  11;fuc ghgh h nmomncr pmr cb vmncrm gc bh Nhsh Ibhonh, @hrtjo Fjtzwhtcr, co nmofcrconjh gc prcosh gcb gàh 8; gc mntuirc gc 8:5:. Fjtzwhtcr gjlm quc cb ‒kmijcrom omrtch`crjnhom qujcrc tcocr bhs `homs bjircs phrh hpmyhr kmbpcs gc Csthgm susncptjibcs gc prmvmnhr bh cbj`johnjþo fàsjnh gc tjrhoms‐. 

8;

 

Fjohb`cotc, bh omnec gcb `js`m 8; gc mntuirc, cb ^cohgm gc Csthgms Sojgms hprmiþ pmr bcy uoh phrtjgh gc oucvc `jbbmocs gc gþbhrcs phrh jotcrvcojr co bhs cbcnnjmocs kcocrhbcs Ojnhrhkuh. Gc hnucrgm h csh bcy, prcvjh`cotc hprmihgh cb 7 gc mntuircgc cobhbhYcpüibjnh Nè`hrh gcgcYcprcscothotcs, bms oucvc `jbbmocs gc gþbhrcs sc gjstrjiujrèo gc bh sjkujcotc `hocrh< gms `jbbmocs gc gþbhrcs phrh bh nmhbjnjþo Sojþo Ohnjmohb Mpmsjtmrh (SOM)4  uo `jbbþo phrh quc cb Wrjiuohb Cbcntmrhb gjstrjiuyh h bms gc`ès phrtjgms nmotcogjcotcs y, bms scjs `jbbmocs gc gþbhrcs rcsthotcs, phrh bh nhogjghth prcsjgconjhb Vjmbcth Ihrrjms gc Neh`mrrm h trhvês gc bh Fuoghnjþo Ohnjmohb phrh bh Gc`mnrhnjh. Co tmthb mnem `jbbmocs gc gþbhrcs phrh bh nmhbjnjþo hotjshogjojsth. Bh Fuoghnjþo Ohnjmohb phrh bh Gc`mnrhnjh, hphrcnc bckhb`cotc nm`m uoh cotjghg prjvhgh ijphrtjgjsth, pcrm cs uo jostru`cotm gc nmicrturh gc bh NÀH,  quc rcnhugh sus fmogms h trhvês gc pcrsmohs gc ‒iucoh vmbuothg‐. ^u prjonjphb `jsjþo cs jotcrvcojr co

pmbàtjnh jotcroh gc phàscs gcb Wcrncr @uogm nmo cb prctcxtm gc gcfcogcr y nmosmbjghr bh gc`mnrhnjh. Bhs `jbbmohrjhs nh`phøhs gc puibjnjghg gc bms nhogjghtms gc bh gcrcneh bhtjomh`crjnhoh tjcoco csc mrjkco. Csth fuoghnjþo cs th`ijêo kcocrmsh nmo phrtjgms y pcrsmohlcs quc sc prcstho h gjvjgjr bms `mvj`jcotms pmpubhrcs y bms frcotcs gc jzqujcrgh, bm nuhb cxpbjnh cb süijtm gcrrmnec gc cstms krupms co bh nmotrhthnjþo gc prmphkhogh co rhgjms, pcrjþgjnms y tcbcvjsjþo. Bhs trcs gjspmsjnjmocs j`pcrjhbcs eho vucbtm h cxejijr co tmgh su gcsougcz bh su`jsjþo y miscnuconjh gc bms `cgjms gc nm`uojnhnjþo gcb nmotjocotc h bh pmbàtjnh csthgmuojgcosc. Ojokuom gc bms bbh`hgms ‒krhogcs gjhrjms‐ gc H`êrjnh Bhtjoh eho

puibjnhgm cgjtmrjhbcs gc prmtcsth y om eh cxjstjgm uo smbm nm`cothrjm hgvcrsm co rhgjm m tcbcvjsjþo.

Bm quc cstè co luckm co rchbjghg co cb nhsm phoh`cøm cs bh vjkconjh gc bms pbhzms cstjpubhgms co cb Wrhthgm Wmrrjlms-Nhrtcr phrh bh gcvmbunjþo gcb nhohb h bh smicrhoàh gc Qhoh`è. Csm cxpbjnh bh jo`cosh `mothøh gc phpcb j`prcsm hotjphoh`cøm bcvhothgm co cb `uogm, pcrm cspcnjhb`cotc co H`êrjnh Bhtjoh. Ehnc gms høms quc om sc jofmr`h gc uoh smbh omtjnjh pmsjtjvh smirc Qhoh`è co ojoküo `cgjm csnrjtm m hugjmvjsuhb co cb

nmotjocotc. Nm`m uoh gc`mstrhnjþo prc

 

pmtcotc gc i quc cb j`pcrjm pucgc rchbjzhr co sus nmbmojhs sc jojnjhrmo bhs hkrcsjvhs `hojmirhs `jbjthrcs omrtch`crjnhohs co pbcoh njughg nhpjthb gcb Jst`m quc nub`johrmo co uo fhbbjgm bcvhoth`jcotm `jbjthr cb > gc mntuirc gc 8:5:. Cb 8> gc mntuirc gc 8:5:, bh trhosohnjmohb SQJ jofmr`þ gcsgc [èsejoktmo quc ‒gurhotc cb frhnhshgm kmbpc, cb `hymr @mjsês Kjrmbgj covjþ c`jshrjms h bhs ihscs gc Csthgms Sojgms, pmrquc csthih prcmnuphgm gc bh gc`mrh co rcnjijr hpmym omrtch`crjnhom, pucs Csthgms Sojgms ehiàh hnmrghgm ibmquchr gms nh`joms phrh j`pcgjr quc bhs fucrzhs gc Omrjckh is utjbjzhrho. Qcrm Kjrmbgc bc gjlm h uom gc is c`jshrjms quc uoh gc bhs ruths om ehiàh sjgm ncrrhgh, h pcshr gc quc cb kmbpc ehiàh c`pczhgm ehnàh trcs emrhs‐. 

Qhoh`è sjcotc hb j`pcrjhbjs`m nm`m uoh ecrjgh hijcrth, gmbmrmsh y shokrhotc, pmrquc bm tjcoc hgcotrm. Qhrh is phoh`cøms, cb j`pcrjhbjs`m om cs uoh tcmràh quc gcih hprcogcrsc co tcxtms smnibþkims m pmbàtjnms. Cs uoh rchbjghg phbphibc, quc vco y sufrco co bhs hbh`irhghs gc pühs quc nm`m frmotcrhs htrhvjcsho y gjvjgco h su phàs. Qhoh`è sjcotc hb j`pcrjhbjs`m co bh prcpmtconjh gjsnrj`johgmrh gcb nmbmojzhgmr quc co sþbm sjctc `cscs -gc cocrm h lubjm gc 8:55- prmvmnþ 36 jonjgcotcs `jbjthrcs, gcijgh`cotc nm`prmihgms y gcouonjhgms pmr cb kmijcrom phoh`cøm. Qhoh`è sjcotc hb j`pcrjhbjs`m co bh jonmogjnjmohbbghg gc bh MCH,  nmovcrtjgh co ncbcstjoh gcb j`pcri quc, nuhogm bhs trmphs omrtch`crjnhohs hscsjohrmo co 8:67 h 97 lþvcocs phoh`cøms co bhs nhbbcs gc su njughg, gcnbhrþ quc om euim hkrcsjþo, pmr bm nuhb om sc lustjfjnhih bh gcouonjh phoh`cøh smirc cb kcomnjgjm. * Qhoh`è cs uo phàs `jbjthr`cotc jovhgjgm y mnuphgm pmr bh pmtconjh quc sc ojckh h nu`pbjr bms Wrhthgms Wmrrjlms-Nhrtcr quc gcico nmonbujr nmo bh gcshphrjnjþo gc bh prcsconjh `jbjthr gc Csthgms Sojgms cb >8 gc gjnjc`irc gc 8:::. H phrtjr gcb prj`crm gc cocrm gc 8::1 bh hg`jojstrhnjþo gcb Nhohb gcic phshr h nhrkm gc uo njughghom phoh`cøm. Qcrm co mpjojþo gcb kcocrhb [hbbhnc Outtjoks, cx-nm- `hoghotc co lcfc gcb Nm`hogm ^ur, ‒trhsbhghr h mtrm bukhr gc cstc nmotjocotc cb Nm`hogm ^ur rcsubthrè

su`h`cotc nmstmsm4 hgc`ès gc quc om ehy mtrm sjtjm nm`m cb jst`m phoh`cøm, gmogc pucgh fuonjmohr nmo bh cfijconjh quc rcqujcrc gm`johr H`êrjnh Bhtjoh".

 

Cxjstc uoh rhzþo hgjnjmohb `uy j`pmrthotc phrh bms fjocs gc bh tcrncrh nmbmojzhnjþo< bh pmsjnjþo cstrhtêkjnh, pmr nhrhntcràstjnhs kcm- `hkoêtjnhs cxncpnjmohbcs phrh bh jotcrncpnjþo gc nm`uojnhnjmocs gc bh jsbh phoh`cøh Bh Khbcth. Co csc bukhr cstèo josthbhghs bhs ncotrhbcs omrtch`crjnhohs gc `mojtmrcm gc bhs nm`uojnhnjmocs pmr nhibc, tcbcfmoàh, têbcx, tcbcfhx, `jnrmmoghs y vàh shtêbjtc gc prèntjnh`cotc tmgm cb `uogm. Qmr cshs nmosjgcrhnjmocs cb Nmokrcsm csthgmuojgcosc prm`ubkþ bh Bcy :6-;1, nm`pbc`cothrjh h bms Wrhthgms, quc nmotjcoc 31 vjmbhnjmocs h bms prmpjms Wrhthgms Wmrrjlms-Nhrtcr. Bh nh`phøh hotjphoh`cøh om tjcoc mtrh fjohbjghg quc lustjfjnhr hotc cb `uogm cb jonu`pbj`jcotm gc uo nmovcojm quc co cb gcrcnem jotcrohnjmohb sc nmosjgcrh jo`mgjfjnhibc, jothokjibc y shkrhgm. Bms trhthgms cotrc Csthgms smicrhoms, gcico nu`pbjrsc jogcpcogjcotc`cotc gc bms kmicrohotcs m gc bms sjstc`hs gc kmijcrom j`pcrhotcs co nhgh phàs. ^mo hnucrgms cotrc ohnjmocs. Bms `hoghthrjms sþbm bms susnrjico h om`irc gc sus rcspcntjvms Csthgms. Bhs phrtcs nmotrhthotcs smo bms Csthgms, om bms kmijcroms. Qmr csm, phrh su pbcoh vhbjgcz, rcqujcrco gc bh hprmihnjþo gc bms pucibms h trhvês gc sus rcprcscothotcs co cb Nmokrcsm. Nmostjtujràh uo hisurgm luràgjnm, uoh vjmbhnjþo fbhkrhotc gcb gcrcnem jotcrohnjmohb, quc uom gc bms Csthgms sc ockhrh h nu`pbjr sus mibjkhnjmocs hbckhogm bh jbckjtj`jghg gcb kmijcrom gc bh mtrh phrtc. ^jkojfjnhràh uo pcbjkrmsm prcnc-

gcotc johg`jsjibc co nuhbqujcr trjiuohb, pmr cb nuhb uo phàs `jbjthr`cotc `ès pmgcrmsm iurbhràh sus mibjkhnjmocs nmotrhntuhbcs nmo cb phàs gêijb. ^cràh bh j`r±hothnjþo gc bh bcy gc bh scbvh co cb gcrcnem jotcrohnjmohb. Ihsthràh quc uoh gc bhs phrtcs gcnbhrhrh bh jbckjtj`jghg gcb kmijcrom gcb mtrm Csthgm, phrh iurbhr uo nm`prm`jsm jothokjibc. Csc hisurgm luràgjnm prctcogc nmosu`hrbm, ihshgm co su pmgcràm `jbjthr y gcsjofmr`htjvm, cb kmijcrom gc Csthgms Sojgms. Qcrm bms phoh`cøms cstèo sckurms quc h phrtjr gcb prj`crm gc cocrm gcb høm 9111, pmgrèo gckusthr gc tmgms bms `hokms quc sc prmgunco gcotrm gc su tcrrjtmrjm y quc om cxjstjrè, h phrtjr gc cotmoncs, ojoküo frutm .   johbnhozhibc gcotrm gc sus frmotcrhs ohturhbcs. Qhrh cbbms, gcsgc bh mnuphnjþo omrtch`crjnhoh, cb `hokm sc eh nmovcrtjgm co uo sà`imbm phtrjþtjnm. Vhrjms phoh`cøms eho pcrgjgm bh vjgh pmr hbnhozhr bh fruth gjrcnth`cotc gc bms èrimbcs, h pcshr gc su hiuoghonjh y ihlm prcnjm co cb `crnhgm.

859 8

 

Co bh nhpjthb phoh`cøh, bh vàh prjonjphb quc uoc cb ncotrm gc bh njughg nmo cb Qucotc gc bhs H`êrjnhs, sc bbh`hih ehsth 8:51 Hvcojgh 7 gc Lubjm, co em`cohlc hb gàh gc bh jogcpcogconjh gc Csthgms Sojgms. Csh hvcojgh csthih gjvjgjgh, bmokjtugjohb`cotc co tmgh su cxtcosjþo pmruøh hbh`irhgh gc pühs. Crh bh frmotcrh omrtch`crjnhoh gcotrm gcb nmrhzþo gc Qhoh`è< h uo bhgm bh pjsth gc hsfhbtm, nmo su vcrcgh gc nc`cotm4 hb mtrm, gctrès gc bh hbh`irhgh, cb tcrrjtmrjm csthgmuojgcosc, co bhs fhbghs gcb ncrrm Honþo, cxeuicrhotc gc vckcthnjþo trmpjnhb, nmo `unems èrimbcs gc `hokm. Qhrh bms phoh`cøms, hrrhonhr uo smbm frutm, crh uo gcshfàm phtrjþtjnm. Cqujvhbàh h uoh rcjvjogjnhnjþo ohnjmohb, h rcnupcrhr hbkm gc su prmpjm sucbm `jbjthr`cotc mnuphgm pmr prcpmtcotcs imths cxtrholcrhs. Nuhogm phrtc gcb ncrrm Honþo fuc gcvucbtm h Qhoh`è co nu`pbj`jcotm gc bms Wrhthgms Wmrrjlms-Nhrtcr y sc gcrruàho bhs hbh`irhghs gc bh Hvcojgh 7 gc Lubjm, bm prj`crm quc ejzm cb kcocrhb Mrohr Wmrrjlms fuc shbthr hb mtrm bhgm, hrrhonhr uo `hokm tmghvàh vcrgc, y nm`crbm nmo hvjgcz. Bm ehiàh gcschgm gcsgc nuhogm tuvm usm gc rhzþo. Csc gàh, sc nh`ijþ cb om`irc gc bh hvcojgh, pmr cb gc Hvcojgh gc tms @èrtjrcs, co em`cohlc h bms 97 lþvcocs phoh`cøms quc fucrmo hnrjijbbhgms pmr smbghgms omrtch`crjnhoms, pmr cb gcbjtm gc qucrcr jzhr su ihogcrh ohnjmohb y nm`cr uo `hokm.

 H pcs pcshr hr gc quc quc bbhh nh` nh`ph phøh øh omr mrtc tch` h`cr crjjnh nhoh oh nmo motr trhh Qho Qhohh`è eh tc tcoj ojgm gm nm`m nm`m cl clcc hhbb kcocrhb Omrjckh, cstc pcrsmohlc om eh sjgm oj cs cb prmibc`h ncotrhb. Cs üojnh`cotc cb prctcxtm hntuhb. ^j co bukhr gc uo kmijcrom gc fhntm, kmicrohrh Qhoh`è uo kmijcrom gc`mnrètjnm y ohnjmohbjsth, cb kmijcrom gc Csthgms Sojgms sc conhrkhràh gc gcscsthijbjzhrbm. Om cs bh pmbàtjnh jotcroh oj bh gc`mnrhnjh bm quc bc jotcrcsh hb j`pcrjm. Cs cb `hotcoj`jcotm gc su conbhvc nmbmojhb, milctjvm trhzhgm gcsgc cb sjkbm phshgm. Co 8551 cb prcsjgcotc Yutecr- fmrg I. Ehycs gcfjojþ bh cstrhtckjh omrtch`crjnhoh nmo bhs sjkujcotcs phbhirhs< ‒Bh pmbàtjnh gc oucstrm phàs gcic tcogcr h bh nmostrunnjþo gc uo nhohb nmbmnhgm ihlm

cb gm`jojm omrtch`crjnhom. Bms Csthgms Sojgms em pucgco pcr`jtjr quc cb futurm gm`jojm gcb nhohb nhjkh co bhs `homs gc uoh pmtconjh curmpch m gc uoh hsmnjhnjþo gc pmtconjhs curmpchs4 So nhohb Jotcrmncèojnm h trhvês gc uo jst`m h`crjnhom `mgjfjnhrè

 

csconjhb`cotc bhs rcbhnjmocs kcmkrèfjnhs cotrc bhs nmsths htbèotjnh y phnàfjnh gc bms Csthgms Sojgms y cb rcstm gcb `uogm4 thb vàh jotcrmncèojnh nmostjtujrè vjrtuhb`cotc phrtc gc bh frmotcrh `hràtj`h gc is Csthgms Sojgms. Oucstrm jotcrês nm`crnjhb y oucstrh prmspcrjghg nm`m ohnjþo, oucstrh pmtconjh, oucstrms `cgjms gc gcfcosh, oucstrh phz, oucstrh sckurjghg, smo prmibc`hs gc Jotcrês suprc`m phrh bms Csthgms Sojgms". Bh nh`phøh puibjnjthrjh gjrjkjgh pmr Ymohbg Ychkho, quc j`pjgjþ bh rccbcnnjþo gcb prcsjgcotc Lh`cs Nèrtcr, cstuvm prcnjsh`cotc ihshgh co bh hnushnjþo gc ehicr susnrjtm uo trhthgm nm`prm`ctjêogmsc h cotrckhr h Qhoh`è hbkm quc sc nmosjgcrh phtrj`mojm j`prcsnrjptjibc, ‒phrtc gc bh frmotcrh `hràtj`h" gc bms Csthgms Sojgms. Cb prcsjgcotc Ychkho utjbjzþ uo jofmr`c gcb Nmosclm Ohnjmohb gc ^ckurjghg gc Csthgms Sojgms gcb 5 gc hirjb gc 8:56 phrh gcijbjthr bh vjkconjh gc bms Wrhthgms Wmrrjlms-Nhrtcr. Co gjnem jofmr`c, cb Nmosclm gc ^ckurjghg smstjcoc< ‒Bh pêrgjgh gcb Nhohb tcogrè scrjhs nmoscnuconjhs pmbàtjnhs, cnmoþ`jnhs y

cstrhtêkjnhs phrh bms Csthgms Sojgms. Soh vcz quc bms Csthgms Sojgms sc rctjrco gc bh \moh gcb Nhohb, cb kmijcrom phoh`cøm pucgc qucghr cxpucstm h bh jotcrvconjþo nuihom-smvjêtjnh gc bh rckjþo, y bhs prcscotcs y pmtconjhbcs vàhs hnuètjnhs jotcrmncèojnhs scrèo h`cohzhghs. Hgc`ès, hbrcgcgmr gcb 81% gcb nm`crnjm omrtch`crjnhom quc hntuhb`cotc trhosjth pmr cb Nhohb, scrè hfcnthgm. Co cb nhsm gc quc bh mtho sch hthnhgh, cb 31% m `ès gc bms rcfucrzms pbhojfjnhgms gc em`ircs y `htcrjhbcs scrè jotcrru`pjgm". Cb pcrjmgjsth Ihbthzhr Hjspurüh, scnrcthrjm kcocrhb gcb ^jogjnhtm gc Qcrjmgjsths gc Qhoh`è, puibjnþ co cb gjhrjm Nràtjnh gcb 83 gc sctjc`irc gc 8:55, ihlm su fjr`h y sjo scr lh`ès gcs`cotjgm, phrtc gcb gmnu`cotm nhbjfjnhgm nm`m "scnrctm scosjtjvm" y co uom gc nuyms pèrrhfms sc gjnc< "Omsmtrms -cb Nmosclm gc ^ckurjghg gc Csthgms Sojgms- ocncsjth`ms uoh pmbàtjnh gjrjkjgh h hsckurhr oucstrm nmotrmb smirc cb Nhohb gc Qhoh`è `unem `ès hbbè gcb høm 9111. Ycpmrthlcs smirc nmrrupnjþo cotrc hbkuoms mfjnjhbcs gc hbtm rhokm gc bhs fucrzhs gc gcfcosh gc Qhoh`è, irjoghrèo uoh mpmrtuojghg phrh gcshthr uoh nh`phøh phrh gcscsthijbjzhr h Qhoh`è y hirmkhr bckhb`cotc bms trhthgms. Csth pmbàtjnh gcic scr `hoclhgh gc thb `hocrh quc om bcsjmoc oucstrhs rcbhnjmocs ijbhtcrhbcs nmo bhs ff.gm., quc pmokho co pcbjkrm oucstrhs josthbhnjmocs `jbjthrcs cxjstcotcs m oms nmofrmotc nmo

857

 

bh ocncsjghg gc jotcrvcojr gjrcnth`cotc nmo trmphs phrh nmotrmbhr bh sjtuhnjþo y prmtckcr oucstrms jotcrcscs co cb Nhohb‐.  Bh ejpmnrcsàh gc `unems kmijcroms bhtjomh`crjnhoms, ^K phrccs Eb gcbpüibbnm quc co cb njrnm rm`hom cxjkàh ‒luckm bj`pjm‐ h uo em`irc `hojhthgm quc nmo jokcojm sc gcfcogàh gcb bcþo quc jih h gcvmrhrbm. Hotcs quc pcgjr ‒luckm

gc`mnrètjnm bj`pjm" h uo phàs conhgcohgm pmr bh fucrzh hkrcsjvh gcb nmbmojzhgmr, sus ecr`homs bhtjomh`crjnhoms gcicràh`ms ehncr nhush nm`üo phrh rm`pcr cshs nhgcohs quc j`pjgco su c`honjphnjþo. Ycnjêo cotmoncs, nuhogm tcokh sus irhzms bjicrhgms, pmgrc`ms pcgjrbcs luckm bj`pjm quc, hgc`ès, scrè nmo rckbhs csthibcnjghs pmr su prmpjm pucibm, smicrhoh`cotc. Nmo Omrjckh, sjo Omrjckh m nmotrh Omrjckh. Nm`m `clmr bcs pbhznh h tms phoh`cøms, om hb kmijcrom omrtch`crjnhom.

 

Sbtrhlc h Qhoh`è< tmgms sm`ms Qhoh`è *

Hb h`hocncr gcb 91 gc gjnjc`irc gc 8:5: sc prmgulm bh nrj`johb hkrcsjþo `jbjthr omrtch`crjnhoh h Qhoh`è. Fuc bh `ès iruthb y shokrjcoth gc bhs trcnc jotcrvconjmocs hr`hghs quc eh sufrjgm co sus 56 høms gc vjgh jogcpcogjcotc bh `ès lmvco rcpüibjnh bhtjomh`crjnhoh gc `homs gcb `js`m vcrgukm. ^hbvm bh mpjojþo fhvmrhibc gc su smnjh co bh kucrrh gc Bhs @hbvjohs, bh prj`crh `jojstrh @hrkhrct Wehtnecr gc Krho Ircthøh, cb kmijcrom gc Csthgms Sojgms rcnjijþ cb rcpugjm uojvcrshb. H uoh gênhgh gcb sjkbm xxj, nmo uoh mfcosjvh gc phz quc sc kcocrhbjzh smirc cb pbhocth, sckurh`cotc `uy pmnms pcoshiho, fucrh gc Csthgms Sojgms, quc cb j`pcrjm rchntuhbjzhràh su trhgjnjmohb pmbàtjnh gcb krho khrrmtc, hpbjnhgm pmr übtj`h vcz co mntuirc gc 8:5> h bh pcqucøh Krhohgh. Nmo hbcvmsàh y pcrfjgjh, nmihrgc`cotc, gcspuês gc hnmstu`irhr h bh pmibhnjþo nmo sus frcnucotcs y vjmbhtmrjhs jonursjmocs gc thoqucs y ecbjnþptcrms smirc bh njughg gc Qhoh`è, h nuhtrm gàhs gc bh ohvjghg, nuhogm ohgjc pjcosh co kucrrh sjom co phz, süijth`cotc, sus `èqujohs gc cxejijnjþo c`pczhrmo h vm`jthr fuckm smirc nuhrtcbcs y pmibhnjþo njvjb. Gurhotc tmgm cb høm 5:, nhsj h gjhrjm, csms `js`ms thoqucs, ecbjnþptcrms y trmph rchbjzhiho jkuhbcs rcnmrrjgms gc prmvmnhnjþo, phrh quc bh kcotc sc nmovconjcrh quc sc trhthih üojnh`cotc gc gc`mstrhnjmocs gc prcpmtconjh y pmgcr. Qmr csm, cb prj`cr hthquc h `hoshbvh nhusþ bh `ucrtc, co nmothgms `joutms, gc `ès gc scjsnjcotms njvjbcs y gclþ ecrjgms h `ès gc uo `jbbhr. Qhrh sjbconjhrh bh Yhgjm Ohnjmohb gc Qhoh`è, om rcphrhrmo co im`ihrgchr cb cgjfjnjm gc 83 pjsms gc bh Nmotrhbmràh gc bh Ycpüibjnh, uijnhgh co bh hvcojgh Ihbimh, bh prjonjphb gc bh njughg. Wh`pmnm bcs j`pmrtþ im`ihrgchr nmo sus I-39 y gclhr covucbtm co bbh`hs ihrrjms `mgcstms gcosh`cotc pmibhgms, oj gcstrujr bms rcscrvmrjms gc hkuh pmthibc quc hihstcnco h uo `jbbþo gc pcrsmohs.

* Bms mrjkjohbcs gc cstc nhpàtubm fucrmo cotrckhgms h bh j`prcoth cb 91 gc gjnjc`irc, gàh gcb jojnjm gc bh hkrcsjþo `jbjthr h Qhoh`è. Bm quc sjkuc smirc bh trhkcgjh phoh`cøh eh sjgm rcghnthgm nuhogm om eh nmonbujgm tmghvàh bh mnuphnjþo `jbjthr gjspucsth pmr cb kmijcrom

gc Csthgms Sojgms.

 

S Josthbhnjþo gc uo kmijcrom trhjgmr quc lurh`coth hotc bhs pmpcs cxtrholcrhs quc jovhgco su phàs y hscsjoho h su pucibm, y bh hnnjþo kcomnjgh gcb kmijcrom gc Iuse, ½hnhihrè rchb`cotc nmo cb WmrWfs`m phoh`cøm quc eh sjgm, luotm nmo cb gcshphrjnjþo gc su `crnh hr`hgh, cb vcrghgcrm milctjvm pcrsckujgm, phrh rctcocr nmo j`puojghg c jogcfjojgh`cotc cb conbhvc nmbmojhb nmomnjgm nm`m Nhohb gc Qhoh`è= Gc ojokuoh `hocrh. Cb j`pcrjm omrtch`crjnhom tm quc eh ecnem cs sc`irhr vjcotms y tcogrè quc nmscnehr jotcr`johibcs eurhnhocs. Bh kucrrh, co rchbjghg, rcnjêo vh h nm`cozhr. Bh bþkjnh cbc`cothb y su cxpcrjconjh ejstþrjnh, bcs eh coscøhgm h tms phoh`cøms bh j`pmsjijbjghg gcb êxjtm co uoh ihthbbh frmothb nmotrh bhs trmphs gcb Nm`hogm ^ur gc Csthgms Sojgms, hnhotmohghs phrh nmotrmbhr h tmgh H`êrjnh Bhtjoh. Bh rcsjstconjh phoh`cøh eh sjgm ecrmjnh tcojcogm co nucoth bh hijs`hb y hpbhsthotc gjfcrconjh gc fuckm cotrc bh prj`crh pmtconjh iêbjnh gcb `uogm nmo bh pcqucøh rcpüibjnh gc gms `jbbmocs gc ehijthotcs. Wcþrjnh`cotc bhs trmphs yhoqujs gcijcrmo tm`hr Qhoh`è co uo phr gc emrhs. Xujcocs sc eho shnhrjfjnhgm co csc gcsjkuhb nm`ihtc, om `urjcrmo njcrth`cotc pmr gcfcogcr h Omrjckh, sjom pmr gcfcogcr bh gjkojghg y bh jogcpcogconjh gc su phàs. Qhrh bh kucrrh quc sc jojnjhrè `ès tc`prhom quc thrgc y nmo bjgcrcs quc surlho gc su pucibm, pmnm j`pmrth cb nmotrmb gc bhs njughgcs. Bh nhpjthb pucgc sckujr -nmo tmghs sus nhbbcs, cgjfjnjms püiònms, fèirjnhs y bmnhbcs nm`crnjhbcs- vjkjbhgh pmr `hrjocs y smbghgms yhoqu4s. Om sc shic nuhotms em`ircs ehrèo fhbth phrh nujghr tmghs bhs njughgcs, gmogc prcnjsh`cotc om sc ghrèo tms cofrcoth`jcotms gcb futurm. Mtrms `jbcs tcogrèo quc nujghr `ctrm h `ctrm, bms 8 7>9 Djbþ`ctrms nuhgrhgms gc bh zmoh gcb Nhohb, pmrquc tms phoh`cøms om mbvjgho bh rcnm`coghnjþo gc MrohrWmrrjlms nuhogm cb 85 gc hirjb gc 8:;5 gjlm< ‒qujcocs `clmr pucgco gcfcogcr cb Nhohb sm`ms bms phoh`cøms,

pmrquc sm`ms bms quc co uo `m`cotm ghgm csth`ms co nmogjnjmocs gc gcstrujrbm, y hqucb quc pucgc gcstrujrbm y om tm gcstruyc, bm cstè gcfcogjcogm. Z csh nhphnjghg gc gcstrujr cb Nhohb cs uoh nhphnjghg h bh nuhb bhs fucrzhs hr`hghs, hb jkuhb quc bhs futurhs kcocrhnjmocs, om gcico rcouonjhr ouonh". Bh kucrrh quc cb prcsjgcotc Iuse eh gcsconhgcohgm, scrè fuogh`cothb`cotc co cb nh`pm. Ehy quc tcocr co nucoth quc co Qhoh`è om cxjstc cb scrvjnjm `jbjthr mibjkhtmrjm. ^u clêrnjtm cs cstrjnth`cotc gc vmbuothrjms y cstè ihsthotc pmbjtjzhgm. Qhrh nm`prmihrbm,

 

om ehy sjom quc csnunehr sus krjtms y sus nhonjmocs co cotrcoh`jcotms y gcsfjbcs. Cs uo clêrnjtm, `m`cotèoch`cotc gcs`mvjbjzhgm pcrm nmo bh miscsjþo gc nmosckujr uo gàh om bclhom, uo ‒smbm tcrrjtmrjm y uoh smbh ihogcrh". Bh sjkujcotc hoêngmth cs rcvcbhgmrh< cb

jotcbcntuhb y nhtcgrètjnm uojvcrsjthrjm, gc Lcsüshb@hrtàocz, hutmr gc gc tcxtms smirc `htc`ètjnhs y fjbmsmfàh, hnmosclhih nmoLmsê josjstconjh kcocrhb Wmrrjlms, qujco crh hscsmr, smirc bh ocncsjghg gc nmonjco- tjzhr h bms smbghgms. Wmrrjlms pcrgjþ bh phnjconjh uo gàh y bc rcprmneþ quc csc tc`h crh fhvmrjtm gc bms rcvmbunjmohrjms gc nhfê. ^j bms jotcbcntuhbcs qujcrco nmonjcotjzhr h bh trmph, cotrco h bh trmph, bc gjlm Wmrrjlms. @hrtàocz, nmomnjgm pmr sus hbu`oms nm`m Neuneü @hrtàocz, tcoàh co csc `m`cotm 73 høms gc cghg. Hb gàh sjkujcotc hihogmoþ bh nètcgrh y sc prcscotþ hb nuhrtcb nm`m vmbuothrjm. Jokrcsþ gc smbghgm rhsm y sc nm`pmrtþ co fmr`h clc`pbhr. Ycsjstjþ, co nm`pctconjh nmo qujcocs pmr gjfcrconjh gc cghg pmgàho scr sus ejlms, bms clcrnjnjms y bhs `hrnehs fmrzhghs. ^c ejzm phrhnhjgjsth. Som h uom fuc khohogm sus khbmocs y bbckþ h shrkcotm prj`crm. Fuc, hb `js`m tjc`pm y gcsgc cb prj`cr gàh, uo krho prmfcsmr phrh sus nm`phøcrms gc hr`hs. ^þbm cbbms y bhs nmogjnjmocs nmonrcths, nm`m cb jonu`pbj`jcotm gc bms Wrhthgms Wmrrjlms-Nhrtcr, gctcr`johrèo cb `m`cotm phrh quc tm`co bh jojnjhtjvh. Qcrm csc nmotjokcotc om cs cb üojnm. Mtrms `jbcs gc phoh`cøms vmbuothrjms eho nmostjtujgm bms Ihthbbmocs gc bh Gjkojghg. ^mo em`ircs y `ulcrcs, gc gjfcrcotcs cghgcs, quc fucrh gc sus emrhs gc trhihlm, y co tmgm cb phàs, eho rcnjijgm jotcosh jostrunnjþo `jbjthr. Cb nm`hoghotc co lcfc gc cstms ihthbbmocs, Icolh`ào Nmbh`hr- nm, cs uo lmvco cnmom`jsth ckrcshgm gc bh Sojvcrsjghg gc @jbèo, gc gcnbhrhgh fjbjhnjþo smnjhbgc`þnrhth. Hb 91 gc omvjc`irc gc 8:5:, cxjstàho 9> ihthbbmocs gc bh gjkojghg -om `coms gc >1 `jb cfcntjvms cotrc em`ircs y `ulcrcs- gjstrjiujgms co tmgm cb phàs. Csms ihthbbmocs nmotrhrjh`cotc hbm quc sc eh gcsjofmr`hgm, om sc eho nmostjtujgm phrh gcfcogcr h Omrjckh sjom phrh bunehr^mbghgms pmr bh jotckrjghg y bh smicrhoàh su phàs. gcspuês gc uoh smrprcsjvh ihthbbh y vmbuothrjms cstèo emygcpcrsckujgms pcrgjgh y nmo su nm`hoghotc co lcfc rcogjgm. Qcrm bh kucrrh cstè co su omrtc y tcogrèo nmo sckurjghg bms nmoguntmrcs quc sc `crcnco. Cb kcocrhb Omrjckh, jomncotc m nubphibc gc bhs hnushnjmocs yhoqujs, om j`pmrth, tcoàh sà uoh mibjkhnjþo y uo gcicr üojnms< pcbchr ehsth `mrjr. Gcsgc bms prmbckþ`coms gc bh jovhsjþo y

 

hotcs gc bbh`hr h bh rcsjstconjh, gcijþ cvhbuhr su prmpjh `mrhb y vhbmr. @ucrtm pmr `hom prmpjh m hlcoh euijcrh sjgm `ès ütjb h bh nhush phoh`cøh quc hsjbhgm co cb Vhtjnhom, phrh buckm cotrckhrsc hb coc`jkm. Co bhs bunehs gc bjicrhnjþo, nuhogm smo vcrghgcrhs, om ehy sjom uoh hbtcrohtjvh< sc trjuofh m sc `ucrc. Om sc nhpjtubh phrh shbvhr cb pcbbclm. Bh nrj`johb hkrcsjþo jojnjhgh cb 91 gc gjnjc`irc, ihutjzhgh nm`m mpcrhnjþo Nhush  Lu  Lussth om cs bh prj`crh. Cs, pmr bm `coms co cstc sjkbm, bh gênj`mtcrncrh jotcrvconjþo. Cb sjkbm phshgm, hotcs gc su scphrhnjþo gc Nmbm`ijh, trmphs omrtch`crjnhohs gcsc`ihrnhrmo co sucbm phoh`cøm co gmnc mpmrtuojghgcs cotrc jms høms 8531 y 85::, h`phrhgms pmr uo trhthgm susnrjtm co 8576 nmo Nmbm`ijh -cb Wrhthgm @hbbhrjomIjgbhnd- phrh "`hotcocr cb mrgco püibjnm co cb jst`m gc Qhoh`è". Co cstc sjkbm, prèntjnh`cotc gcsgc su ohnj`jcotm co 8:1> nm`m rcpüibjnh jogcpcogjcotc, Qhoh`è eh sjgm vàntj`h gc bhs trmphs omrtch`crjnhohs co bhs sjkujcotcs mpmrtuojghgcs6< 8:1> gc mntuirc gc 8:5:. Gurhotc `ès gc trcs emrhs, Omrjckh cstuvm gctcojgm y gcshr`hgm pmr bms `jbjthrcs josurrcntms h þrgcocs gcb `hymr @mjsês Kjrmbgj. Bms rcicbgcs hkuhrghrmo hokustjhgms tmgm csc tjc`pm hb ecbjnþptcrm omrtch`crjnhom co cb quc c`ihrnhràho h Omrjckh, hsckurhogm gc csh `hocrh cb êxjtm gc bh rcicbjþo. Qcrm cb ecbjnþptcrm ouonh bbckþ. Kjrmbgj bcs mfrcnàh h su prcsh, `hojhthgh y covucbth co ncbmfèo. Bms omrtch`crjnhoms om hncpthrmo cb rckhbm, pmrquc phrh sus pbhocs jotcrvconjmojsths, bcs sjkojfjnhih uo prcscotc krjckm. Nmo Omrjckh co sus `homs, ½nmo quê prctcxtm euijcrho hkrcgjgm h Qhoh`è= ½Gc quê `hocrh euijcrho gjsucbtm cb clêrnjtm ohnjmohbjsth= Csthgms Sojgms qujcrc uo futurm Qhoh`è sjo clêrnjtm. Cb kmbpc `jbjthr gcb > gc mntuirc nmotrh Omrjckh, fuc gcbjicrhgh`cotc prcphrhgm pmr Csthgms Sojgms phrh quc frhnhshrh. Gc csh `hocrh ‒om bcs qucghih mtrm rcnursm" quc

jovhgjr. Bms nm`pbmthgms fucrmo vjb`cotc cokhøhgms pmr bms yhoqujs nmo uo phkm gc ;11 `jb gþbhrcs. ^u jokcoujghg bh phkhrmo nmo sus vjghs. Qmr bm gc`ès, Omrjckh ouonh eh lukhgm h bhs csnmogjghs. Nmo uoh

 

mpcrhnjþo gc nm`hogm -co bh quc smo tho eèijbcs bms yhoqujs h luzkhr pmr sus pcbànubhs smirc Yh`im- bm tcoàho h su gjspmsjnjþo nuhoths vcncs sc bm euijcrho prmpucstm. Qcrm Omrjckh om fuc ouonh cb milctjvm, sjom sþbm bh cxnush. Csthgms Sojgms om jovhgc y gcstruyc uo phàs, `hshnrh h uo pucibm oj josthbh nh`pms gc nmoncotrhnjþo phrh `ès gc njonucoth `jb prjsjmocrms, pmr uo smbm em`irc, pmr `hbvhgm quc êstc fucrh. Bm ehnc phrh om gcvmbvcr bh \moh gcb Nhohb hb `cgjm gàh gcb >8 gc gjnjc`irc gc 8:::.

Bh nrj`johb hkrcsjþo fuc `joj`jzhgh pmr bms `cgjms gc nm`uojnhnjþo. Bhs omtjnjhs sc mnuphrmo `ès gc bhs pcrjpcnjhs gc Omrjckh quc gc bh trhkcgjh phoh`cøh nmo sus gms `jb hscsjohgms, trcs `jb ecrjgms y njonucoth `jb prjsjmocrms. Bh tcbcvjsjþo om `mstrþ uo smbm nhgèvcr phoh`cøm oj bh j`hkco gmbmrmsh gc sus gcugms, csncohs co bhs quc omr`hb`cotc sc cxpbhyho y gcbcjtho. Bh ^JQ fuc `uy clcnutjvh co sus nmosjkohs, pucstm quc rèpjgh`cotc uojfmr`þ bh pmbàtjnh jofmr`htjvh gc sus gjhrjms hfjbjhgms co cb nmotjocotc. Qmr csm om fuc rhrm oj smrprcogcotc cb nm`pmrth`jcotm jofmr`htjvm gc bms gjhrjms hfjbjhgms h bh ^JQ.  Cb Nm`crnjm  gc Bj`h, tjtubþ h uoh nmbu`oh smirc cb im`ihrgcm h Qhoh`è nmo bh sjkujcotc frhsc< ‒Csthgms Sojgms jojnjh hnnjþo `jbjthr nmotrh Omrjckh‐. H phrtjr

gcb tcrncr gàh gc bh jovhsjþo, cb gjhrjm gc bh ^JQ,  rctjrþ gc su prj`crh pèkjoh h Qhoh`è y sc nmonrctþ h puibjnhr co pèkjohs jotcrjmrcs, bhs vcrsjmocs omrtch`crjnhohs h trhvês gc bhs hkconjhs SQJ y HQ.  Cb gjrcntmr gc mtrm gjhrjm gc bh ^JQ,  Cxprcsm gc Bj`h, co bh nmbu`oh quc hphrcnc ihlm su fjr`h, lustjfjnþ bh hkrcsjþo, rcnm`coghogm quc phrh bh cxpubsjþo gc bms gjnthgmrcs ehy quc ‒gclhr quc sc mnupc gc csh thrch cb kmijcrom gc bms Csthgms Sojgms‐, pmrquc nmosjgcrh cj prjonjpjm gc bh bjirc gctcr`johnjþo gc bms pucibms nm`m ‒uoh frhsc gc nbjneê‐. Fcbjz`cotc smo pmnms

bms Coghrh, nhphncs gc lurh`cothr smirc bms nhgèvcrcs gc su pucibm hotc bms jovhsmrcs quc bms csthiho hscsjohogm. Qmr bm `coms co cb Qcrü sc rcspmogjþ nmo gjkojghg< sc rctjrþ hb c`ihlhgmr co [èsejoktmo, sc nhoncbþ bh hsjstconjh h bh rcuojþo gc prcsjgcotcs nmo Iuse phrh trhthr cb tc`h gcb ohrnmtrèfjnm, "pmrquc bms ubtrhlhgms om pmgc`ms scoth`ms h gjsnutjr nmo is hkrcsmrcs‐ y co cb Qhrbh`cotm sc rcsphbgþ hiru`hgmrh`cotc bh

 

jojnjhtjvh phrh gcouonjhr cb Wrhthgm Jotcrh`crjnhom gc Hsjstconjh Ycnàprmnh, WJHY.  Gcsgc cb 99 gc gjnjc`irc, luotm hb phicbbþo pcruhom fbh`ch bh ihogcrh phoh`cøh co Qhbhnjm gc Kmijcrom ehsth cb gàh quc sc rctjrco is jovhsmrcs. scgc ehH`êrjnh pucstm gc `hojfjcstm bh jgcotjfjnhnjþo gcpcogconjh gcCbthsomvcbjsth krupms ubtrh Wh`ijêo gcrcnejsths Bhtjoh nmo bh pmbàtjnh cxtcrjmr gcy Csthgms Sojgms. pcruhom @hrjm Vhrkhs Bthsh, nhogjghtm prcsjgconjhb pmr cb frcotc gcrcnejsth, frcmc- `m, bh`cotþ bh jotcrvconjþo, pcrm rcnmomnjþ nm`m bckàtj`m hb kmijcrom j`pucstm pmr is jovhsmrcs. Som gc is bàgcrcs gc su `mvj`jcotm, Qcgrm Nhtcrjhom, cxprcsþ co bh tcbcvjsjþo su shtjsfhnnjþo pmr bh `cgjgh hsu`jgh pmr cb kmijcrom gc Iuse. Bms phrbh`cothris gc csc krupm fucrmo bms üojnms quc sc mpusjcrmo h quc cb Qcrü sc rctjrhrh gcb WJHY.  Cb phrbh`cothrjm gc Jzqujcrgh Sojgh, @houcb Icozh, nm`cotþ bh hntjtug y is hrku`cotms gcb krupm pmbàtjnm gc Vhrkhs Bbmsh, gc bh sjkujcotc `hocrh< sj bhs trmphs omrtch`crjnhohs euijcsco jovhgjgm cb Qcrü nmo cb prctcxtm quc Vcbhsnm crh uo gjnthgmr, nuhogm su kmijcrom ohnjmohbjzþ cb pctrþbcm y cxpubsþ h bh ^thoghrg Mjb, csms pmbàtjnms gcrcnejsths euijcrho csthgm luotm hb hkrcsmr y hntuhgm cxhnth`cotc nm`m Kujbbcr`m Coghrh.

^ckurh`cotc nuhogm csths pèkjohs scho mbvjghghs, Qhoh`è nmotjouhrè gcshokrèogmsc. Zh om cst£o `ès Mrohr Wmrrjlms, Vjntmrjhom Bmrcozm Wcbbm, cb nmrmocb Yc`þo, bms 6 phtrjmths hscsjohgms co 8:35, oj is 97 quc bcs sjkujcrmo co cb shnrjfjnjm gc 8:67. Qmr `jbbhrcs sc nucotho is hsmohgms h phrtjr gcb 91 gc gjnjc`irc gc 8:5:. Bms nh`joms quc nmogunco h bh jogcpcogconjh gc bms pucibms om cstèo sc`irhgms gc rmshs, sjom gc `ucrtms cotrhøhibc`cotc qucrjgms shnrjfjnhgms nmo bh nmovjnnjþo quc ‒`mrjr pmr bh phtrjh cs vjvjr".

Bhs hvhozhghs tcnombmkàhs omrtch`crjnhohs gc bh jogustrjh gc bh `ucrtc pmgrèo sckujr gc`mstrhogm su cfjnhnjh smirc uo pucibm bhtjomh`crjnhom `ès. Qcrm, `jcotrhs vjvh uo phoh`cøm gjkom, su krjtm gc nm`ihtc scrè cb `js`m< ‒lSo smbm tcrrjtmrjm, uoh smbh ihogcrh!‐  ‒lSoh smbh ihogcrh, uo smbm tcrrjtmrjm!"  ‒¡Z oj uo phsm htrès, nhrhlm!" 

 

Nhpàtubm VJ

WYHFJNHOGM CO BH JONMO^NJCONJH

"Nmofjhr co bhs conucsths cs nm`m nhbnubhr bh  prmgun  prmg unnj njþo þo `uogj `uogjhb hb gc tr trjk jkmm gc bh prþx prþxj` j`h h nmscneh, nmothogm bms krhoms gc uoh cspjkh‐  Cgwhrg K. @mrrmw 

 

Gc `crnhgcrcs gc jbusjmocs h `hojpubhgmrcs gc bh `cotc Bh prmphkhogh co pmbàtjnh cs tho hotjkuh nm`m bh pmbàtjnh `js`h. Whb vcz bms `ès hntjvms y cfcntjvms prmphkhogjsths gc bhejstmrjhfucrmo bms hpþstmbcs gcb nrjstjhojs`m, bbcvhogm cb `coshlc gcb ^hbvhgmr gc nhsh co nhsh, pcrsmoh pmr pcrsmoh. Jkuhb quc bhs gc`ès rcbjkjmocs. Om ehiràh iugjs`m oj `hem`ctjs`m sjo prcgjnhgmrcs-prmphkhogjsths. Gcsnmomncr bh vhbjgcz gc bh prmphkhogh cqujvhbgràh h pmocr co gugh cb pmgcr gc nmovconj`jcotm gc bh Jotcbjkconjh h trhvês gc bh phbhirh. Co bh prj`crh `jthg gcb sjkbm xx fuc Kmciicbs cb `ès smircshbjcotc gc tmgms. Gcijgm h su krho mrhtmrjh y h su hismbuth nhrconjh gc csnrüpubms phrh fhbthr gcbjicrhgh`cotc h bh vcrghg -‒`jcotc, `jcotc, quc hbkm qucgh‐- nmotrjiuyþ h bh fhohtjzhnjþo gc uom gc bms pucibms `ès njvjbjzhgms y nubtms gcb `uogm, quc prmthkmojzhrmo y pcr`jtjcrmo bh ihrihrjc gcb ohzjs`m. ]Bms `êtmgms prmphkhogàstjnms gc Kmciicbs fucrmo rcnmkjgms, co nuhotm sc rcfjcrco h bh `cotjrh gcbjicrhgh, pmr bms pmbàtjnms gcb j`pcrjhbjs`m, prjonjphb`cotc gurhotc bh kucrrh fràh, phrh lustjfjnhr bhs hnnjmocs puojtjvhs gc sus clêrnjtms `ès hbbè gc sus frmotcrhs m phrh sus pbhocs gc gcscsthijbjzhnjþo y suivcrsjþo co mtrms phàscs. Bhs hnnjmocs psjnmbþkjnhs quc prcncgjcrmo h sus `hrjocs co bhs jotcrvconjmocs h Ycpüibjnh Gm`jojnhoh, Kuhtc`hbh, Nuih, Krhohgh, Ojnhrhkuh, ^ugcstc Hsjètjnm y mtrms bukhrcs hbclhgms gc sus frmotcrhs,

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cstèo pbhkhghs gc fhbscghgcs, nmo bh vcothlh smirc cb ohzjs`m, gc nmothr nmo cb `ès krhogc y pmgcrmsm sjstc`h gc nm`uojnhnjmocs gc tmgms bms tjc`pms. Gcspuês gc bh ^ckuogh Kucrrh @uogjhb, bms `êtmgms gc Kmciicbs, cxncptuhogm bh `cotjrh, fucrmo supcrhgms hijs`hb`cotc nmo bms hpmrtcs gc bh puibjnjghg nm`crnjhb y bh hpbjnhnjþo gc tênojnhs utjbjzhghs pmr bhs njconjhs smnjhbcs, cspcnjhb`cotc bhs conucsths, bms lmogcms gc mpjojþo y bms nmotrmbcs gc `crnhgmtcnojh. Bms pmbàtjnms hihogmohrmo sus trhgjnjmohbcs cstjbms prmphkhogàstjnms y bms phrtjgms sustjtuycrmo sus mfjnjohs gc prcosh y prmphkhogh pmr hkconjhs gc _puibjnjghg nm`crnjhb. Cb Qhrtjgm Ycpuibjnhom, co 8:39, fuc cb prj`crm quc mfcrtþ h sus nhogjghtms, nm`cozhogm pmr cb prcsjgconjhb, nm`m sj sc trhthrh gc `crnhgcràhs. Bms `js`ms prmncgj`jcotms quc bms puibjnjsths utjbjzho phrh vcogcr gctcrkcotcs, bèpjncs bhijhbcs, rcfrjkcrhgmrhs m hutm`þvjbcs, sc c`pbchrmo phrh khohr vmtms. Bh pmbàtjnh sc pusm co `homs gc bms `crnhgcrcs gc jbusjmocs. Fuc cb hpmkcm gc bms smogcms gc mpjojþo phrh gctcr`johr bms tc`hs quc bh `hymràh qujsjcrh csnunehr gc sus nhogjghtms. Cb trjuofm cbcntmrhb gc bms rcpuibjnhoms co W:^9 fuc gctcr`johotc phrh nmoshkrhr bh hpbjnhnjþo gc bhs tênojnhs gc `crnhgm h bh pmbàtjnh. Wuvjcrmo êxjtm qujcocs bh hpbjnhrmo hb nm`prmihr quc ‒cb njughghom quc cotrh h bhnè`hrh scnrcth y gugh cotrc gms bj sths gc nhogjghtms cstè co bh `js`h sjtuhnjþo quc cb quc gcic gcnjgjr cotrc gms gcotàfrjnms rjvhbcs co bh fhr`hnjh. Bh `hrnh quc eh pcoctrhgm `ès prmfuogh`cotc co su ncrcirm scrè bh cbckjgh‐ R  Bms prmncgj`jcotms sc eho pcrfcnnjmohgm hb puotm quc bms puibjnjsths om hvcrjkuho yh bms kustms gc bms nmosu`jgmrcs phrh bh prmgunnjþo jogustrjhb quc prm`ucvco. Hemrh sj`pbc`cotc bms j`pmoco nm`m ‒uoh trhosfusjþo gc prcfcrconjhs‐, nmo bm nuhb cb

gm`cstjnhgm njughghom omrtch`crjnhom nm`prh nmshs quc om ocncsjth, pmrquc om bc mfrcnco uo lhiþo phrh bh ejkjcoc, sjom phrh bmkrhr icbbczh. ‒Om bc cotrckho uoh `crnhgcràh

sjom uoh jbusjþo. Bms prmguntms om sc vcogco hpcbhogm h sus nhrhntcràstjnhs, sjom hpcbhogm h bh nmonjconjh gc bms nmosu`jgmrcs‐. Bms jogustrjhbcs th`ijêo eho nm`prcogjgm quc co bh hntuhbjghg ‒om vcogco prmguntms, sjom quc nm`prho nbjcotcs‐.  Co bms høms 31, nuhogm sc ehibhih gc bh prmphkhogh suibj`johb, cb cstugjmsm omrtch`crjnhom Gho Bhny, hgvjrtjþ cb pcbjkrm quc h`cohzhih hb pucibm gc Csthgms Sojgms< ‒hirjkh`ms cb tc`mr quc sc csnmogho jotconjmocs `hbjkohs co cb ncotrm gc bh trh`h gc bhs nm`u

 

ojnhnjmocs. 'pcrsuhsmrcs mnubtms‚ quc trhtho gc trhosfmr`hroms suircptjnjh`cotc,

prmphkhogjsths pmbàtjnms-Kmciicbs `ès sutjbcs-quc pcrvcrtjrèo josjgjmsh`cotc oucstrh jogcpcogconjh. Cb vhstm `cnhojs`m gc bh nm`uojnhnjþo quc gc thb `hocrh oms rmgch y bbcoh oucstrhs emrhs y nrch co omsmtrms cb scotjgm gcb `uogm `ès hbbè gc oucstrm nàrnubm gjhrjm sc ehbbh `ès ijco nmonjcozugh`cotc gcgjnhgm h trhvês gc conucsths, tcsts, h joghkhr nþ`m sm`ms hntuhb`cotc, quê cs tm quc oms jotcrcsh, nühbcs smo oucstrms kustms, nühbcs oucstrms prclujnjms, y buckm smstcocr hotc oucstrms mlms uo krho cspclm gc nmbmr rmshgm. Om cs cb Ecr`hom @hymr cb quc ehibh gcsgc bh phothbbh< cs bh j`hkco em`mkcocjzhgh gc omsmtrms `js`ms, bh `js`h j`hkco quc conucotrh su rcfbclm co bh prcosh gjhrjh y co bhs pèkjohs gc bhs rcvjsths jofmr`htjvhs‐. Gho Bhony, bhozþ csth hgvcrtconjh co 8:3:, co uoh nmofcrconjh hotc

gjrcntmrcs gc ijibjmtcnhs gc [èsejoktmo. Bhny fuc gjrcntmr gc jofmr`hnjmocs jotcrohnjmohbcs gcb Gcphrth`cotm gc Csthgm gc Csthgms Sojgms co bh êpmnh gc bhs jovcstjkhnjmocs gc @nNhrtey y rcsjstjþ püibjnh`cotc cb msnurhotjs`m gc csms høms. Co 8:36 cb Qhrtjgm Gc`þnrhth, phrh nm`pctjr co jkuhbghg gc nmogjnjmocs nmo bms rcpuibjnhoms, nmofjhrmo th`ijêo su prmphkhogh h uoh hkconjh gc puibjnjghg quc, h bh pmstrc, rcsubtþ `ès cfcntjvh. Bms jovcstjkhgmrcs gc `crnhgm om sþbm sc nmonrcthiho h iusnhr bms tc`hs yfjhsth bhs phbhirhs fhvmrjths gc bms cotrcvjsthgms, sjom quc `mgjfjnh- "à6;fbh hphrjconjh fàsjnh gc bms nhogjghtms nmo hrtcs gc shstrcràh y pcbuqucràh. Ojoküo gcthbbc fuc gcsnujghgm, oj cb `hqujbbhlc, oj cb nmbmr gc fmogm gc bms csncohrjms -hzub tcbckêojnm- phrh sus prcscothnjmocs tcbcvjshghs. Csths tênojnhs bbckhrmo h bh H`êrjnh Bhtjoh nmo hbküo rctrhsm y nmo cb hpmrtc gc cxpcrtms omrtch`crjnhoms co puibjnjghg. Cbbms, pmr clc`pbm, csthibcnjcrmo quc bh `hymràh gc bms cbcntmrcs crho lþvcocs y qucràho scr kmicrohgms pmr lþvcocs. Cb nhogjghtm prcsjgconjhb gc uo phàs sugh`crjnhom fuc sm`ctjgm h uoh trhosfmr`hnjþo phrh ghrbc hphrjconjh luvcojb. Qhtjbbhs hb cstjbm gc Cbvjs Qrcsbcy, h pcshr gc bh hvhozhgh nhbvjnjc, rmph jkuhb`cotc luvcojb y, smirc tmgm, nh`johr `uy rèpjgm, nhsj nmrrjcogm, phrh `mstrhr hgc`ès gc luvcotug, cocrkàh y vjthbjghg. Cstm, scküo bms cxpcrtms, cs `ès j`pmrthotc quc ehibhr gc prmibc`hs cnmoþ`jnms, smnjhbcs m cocrkêtjnms. Bhs njconjhs smnjhbcs fucrmo cxprmpjhghs pmr bh puibjnjghg nm`cr- . Qjhb-Csth h su vcz pmr bh pmbàtjnh. Hgbhj ^tcvcosmo, nhogjghtm gcrrmthgm h bh prcsjgconjh gc bms Csthgms Sojgms gcnbhrþ nmostcrohgm< ‒bh jgch 

 

gc quc sc pucgho vcogcr nhogjghtms phrh bhs hbths jovcstjgurhs nm`m sj fucrho ncrchbcs phrh cb gcshyuom, cs bh übtj`h jogjkojghg gcb prmncsm gc`mnrètjnm‐9. Bm quc crh vèbjgm phrh bh pmbàtjnh jotcroh gc bms Csthgms Sojgms, om pmgàh scr gcspcrgjnjhgm phrh su pmbàtjnh cxtcrjmr oj `coms phrh su cstrhtckjh `jbjthr. ^us scrvjnjms gc jotcbjkconjh trhgjnjmohbcs ehiàho fhbbhgm co Nuih. Bh rcvmbunjþo trjuofhotc gc 8:3: sc coru`ihih co 8:61 h bh nmostrunnjþo gcb smnjhbjs`m h `coms gc :1 `jbbhs gc sus frmotcrhs tcrrjtmrjhbcs, gcspcrthogm, hgc`ès, nmothkjmsm cotusjhs`m co H`êrjnh Bhtjoh y cb Wcrncr @uogm. Bh hnnjþo gcb kmijcrom omrtch`crjnhom om pmgàh nmonrcthrsc üojnh`cotc h uohnh`phøh jonrcàibc`cotc nhbu`ojmsh nmotrh csh rcvmbunjþo phrh cvjthr su pcbjkrmsm clc`pbm co cb rcstm gcb nmotjocotc. ^us scrvjnjms gc jotcbjkconjh, cspcnjhb`cotc bh NÀH y sus @coshlcrms gc bh Qhz crho josufjnjcotcs phrh rcnmkcr cb pcosh`jcotm gc bms bhtjomh`crjnhoms y csthibcncr `cgjghs prcvcotjvhs m, co nhsm ocncshrjm, puojtjvhs. Qmr csm, cb Qco- tèkmom y cb Gcphrth`cotm gc Csthgm hnugjcrmo hb huxjbjm gc bh `crnhgmtcnojh bhs njconjhscosmnjhbcs mrkhojzhrmo prmycntms gc cspjmohlc `hsjvm,j`pbc`cothgh ihlm bh fmr`h pmr gc conucsth, vhrjms yphàscs gc H`êrjnh Bhtjoh, quc ehràho buckm cxtcosjvhs h 71 phàscs gcb Wcrncr @uogm. Qcrm `jcotrhs bms pmbàtjnms sc scotàho fcbjncs nmo sus `êtmgms puibjnjthrjms, sus nrchgmrcs c`pczhrmo h scotjr quc cb pjsm sc bcs `mvàh. Bms `êtmgms gc bms puibjnjsths, quc phrcnàho jofhbjibcs, c`pczhrmo h fhbbhr. Hbkuohs krhogcs jovcrsjmocs, co cstc nh`pm, om crho nmrrcspmogjghs nmo bhs vcoths. Nmo frcnuconjh sc jonurràh co gjsfuonjþo. Cs gcnjr, bh puibjnjghg nmo frcnuconjh nhushih cb cfcntm nmotrhrjm hb gcschgm. ^urkjcrmo vhrjms prmibc`hs tho scrjms quc pusjcrmo h `ès gc uoh pmgcrmsh c`prcsh hb imrgc gc bh qujcirh. Co cb `uogm gc bh puibjnjghg sc vjvàh uoh hokustjh sjbconjhgh ehnjh cb cxtcrjmr. Bhs prcmnuphnjmocs gc bms `crnhgcrcs gc jbusjmocs om bbckhiho tmghvàh h bms màgms gc bms pmbàtjnms. Cstms sckuàho nrcycogm ehicr gcsnuijcrtm bh pjcgrh fjbmsmfhb gc bh gm`johnjþo gc sus cbcntmrcs nmo bms prmncgj`jcotms smnjmbþkjnms hpbjnhgms hb nm`crnjm. ^jo c`ihrkm, bms smogcms gc mpjojþo m conucsths smirc bms quc sc sustcothih bh puibjnjghg nm`crnjhb co bms Csthgms Sojgms ehsth `cgjhgms gc bh gênhgh gcb 31, gc`mstrhrmo su pcbjkrmsh jocxhntjtug. Cb frhnhsm gc cstms survcys pusjcrmo hb imrgc gcb nmbhpsm h bh

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pmgcrmsh fhirjnhotc gc hutm`þvjbcs Nerysbcr. ^c nm`prmiþ, tmghvàh cotmoncs, quc bms `ucstrcms gc mpjojþo püibjnh crho hotjnjcotàfjnms. Ehsth csms høms, bms scrvjnjms scnrctms omrtch`crjnhoms utjbjzhiho th`ijêo bhs conucsths phrh csthibcncr cb pcosh`jcotm gc bms `jbjthrcs bhtjomh`crjnhoms. Bhs conucsths fucrmo bh omvcghg gc bms høms njonucoth phrh csthibcncr bms kustms y prcfcrconjhs gc bms nmosu`jgmrcs y co fuonjþo gc cbbms mrjcothr bh puibjnjghg gc uoh jogustrjh fbmrcnjcotc pcrm sjc`prc tc`crmsh gc sunu`ijr co nrjsjs pmr smircprmgunnjþo. Cb cstugjm gc `crnhgm bbckþ h nmosjgcrhrsc prctconjmsh`cotc nm`m uoh njconjh. Bms pmbàtjnms, pmr csm, hgmpthrmo jkuhbcs prmncgj`jcotms. Cb omrtch`crjnhom Kcmrkc Khbbup sc ejzm `ubtj`jbbmohrjm nmo sus fh`mshs nmosubths h bh mpjojþo püibjnh phrh csthibcncrbms rcsubthgms cbcntmrhbcs hotcs gc quc sc rchbjnco bhs cbcnnjmocs. Khbbup sc nmovjrtjþ co uo `mgcrom y njcotàfjnm Omstrhgh`us. Gc sus `èqujohs nhbnubhgmrhs shbàho bms trjuofhgmrcs gc bhs cbcnnjmocs hotcs quc gc bhs èofmrhs, h pcshr gc quc bh prj`crh vcz, co 8:>5, fhbbhrmo sus prmoþstjnms, quc fucrmo cxpbjnhgms nmo `uneh bþkjnh< ‒nmoscnuconjh gc uo hnmotcnj`jcotm quc nh`ijþ süijth`cotc, gurhotc bhs 97 übtj`hs emrhs, bhs gcnjsjmocs njughghohs‐. Qcrm, gjcz høms gcspuês, co bhs cbcnnjmocs gc 8:75, vmbvjcrmo h cqujvmnhrsc

cstrcpjtmsh`cotc. Cb jofhbjibc Khbbup gjm pmr khohgmr gc bhs cbcnnjmocs gc omvjc`irc hb nhogjghtm Gcwcy nmo `ès gcb 31% gc vmtms smirc Wru`ho quc om bbckhih oj hb 73. Gms gàhs gcspuês Wru`ho fuc cb vconcgmr nmo `ès gcb 37 %.  H pcsh pcshrr gc su gc gcsn snrê rêgj gjtm tm,, bm bmss smo mogc gcm ms cbc bc`c `co oth thbbcs gc mp mpjjoj ojþo þo sc sj sjku kuco co utj utjbjzh bjzho ogm co bms prmncsms cbcntmrhbcs co H`êrjnh Bhtjoh, pcrm om pmr su ncrtjgu`irc, sjom nm`m jostru`cotms gc prmphkhogh, nmofjhgms co quc bms jogcnjsms sjc`prc tcr`joho hpmyhogm h bms quc nmosjgcrho khohgmrcs, fcoþ`com nmomnjgm pmr bms smnjþbmkms nm`m Wcmrc`h gc Wem`hs. Bh conucsthLjh gcvcojgm hsà co sj`pbc `cgjm gc puibjnjghg pmbàtjnh, cfcntjvh co nuhotm cb prmpjm Khbbup rcnmomnjþ quc bh j`prcsjþo gc tmthbjghg hntüh omr`hb`cotc co icocfjnjm gcb fhvmrcnjgm co bhs nmosubths. Hntuhb`cotc bms smogcms Khbbup ihsho sus prmoþstjnms `ès quc co bhs rcspucsths nmrrjcotcs gc sus cotrcvjsthgms co bhs oucvhs tênojnhs gc Jovcstjkhnjmocs `mtjvhnjmohbcs h nhrkm prj`mrgjhb`cotc gc psjnþbmkms. Bms jogustrjhbcs y bhs hkconjhs gc puibjnjghg om pmgàho nmofjhr sþbm co bms `ucstrcms gc mpjojþo. ½Xuê cs bm quc fhbbhih= ^c

 

gcstjohrmo, nm`m gc nmstu`irc, `jbbmocs gc gþbhrcs phrh hvcrjkuhrbm. Jovcstjkhogm bhs rhzmocs gcb nm`pmrth`jcotm gc bhs pcrsmohs frcotc h bms conucsthgmrcs, bbh`hrmo co huxjbjm gc bms puibjnjsths h psjnþbmkms, smnjþbmkms, hotrmpþbmkms y h psjqujhtrhs smnjhbcs. Bhs nmonbusjmocs fucrmo fhiubmshs phrh puibjnjsths c jogustrjhbcs, pcrm tcrrmràfjnhs phrh bms gc`ès eu`homs. H phrtjr gc csckustms `m`cotm sc csthibcnjþ quc bms puibjnjsths gcicràhoscrcs gcpcogcr `ès gc bhs hfjnjmocs, y ocncsjghgcs gc bms nm`prhgmrcs. Qmrom cb nmotrhrjm, ehiàh quc j`pmocr h bms nm`prhgmrcs cb kustm y bhs hfjnjmocs gc bms vcogcgmrcs, llcgjhotc uoh ‒trhosfusjþo gc nmovjnnjmocs‐ utjbjzhogm bms prmncgj`jcotms coshyhgms h ojvcb zmmbþkjnm pmr Qhvbmv. ^c ehiàh gcsnuijcrtm quc bms eu`homs pmscc`ms uo ojvcb uijnhgm nþ`m cb jonmosnjcotc, smirc cb nuhb sc pucgc hntuhr, phrh fjlhr `coshlcs pmr `cgjm gc sà`imbms, nmbmrcs y frhscs y mitcocr h trhvês gc cstà`ubms cxtc`ms, jgêotjnhs rcspucsths y rchnnjmocs h bhs sukcrjghs. Jkuhb quc bms pcrrms gc Qhvbmv, gjspucstms h rchnnjmohr pmr rcfbclms nmogjnjmohgms. Bms pmbàtjnms, quc hprmvcnehogm bms prmncgj`jcotms gc jovcstjkhnjþo gc `crnhgm ehiàho supcrhgm bh prmphkhogh gcb ohzj Kmciicbs, prmotm gcsnuirjràho bhs übtj`hs omvcghgcs gc bh puibjnjghg nm`crnjhb, gcgjnhgh co csms `m`cotms hb cstugjm gc oucstrms prmncsms `cothbcs phrh pmgcr `hoclhrbms h su hotmlm nmo bh hyugh gc sà`imbms y bh phrtjnjphnjþo gc smnjþbmkms y psjnþbmkms nmoguntjsths. Gcsgc fjohbcs gc bh gênhgh gcb njonucoth oms cstugjho co prmfuogjghg. Bms quc cxh`joho y sc zh`iubbco co bh nmonjconjh gc bms em`ircs, bms quc thbhgrho oucstrm ncrcirm, bms prmfcsjmohbcs co trhihlhr smirc oucstrm jonmosnjcotc, bms quc eho pcrfcnnjmohgm y nmovcrtjgm co njconjh bm quc Vhocc Qhndhrg bbh`h ‒bhs fmr`hs mnubths gc bh prmphkhogh‐ co iusnh gc

nmecsjmohr h bh mpjojþo püibjnh, gc nmovcrtjroms co scrcs ecnems h bh `cgjgh y cbhimrhgms co scrjc, sc hutmgc- om`joho pm`pmsh`cotc ‒jovcstjkhgmrcs `mtjvhnjmohbcs‐. Qrcnjsh`cotc cb smnjþbmkm omrtch`crjnhom Qhndhrg, eh rcsu`jgm bms cstugjms rchbjzhgms smirc bh j`prcnjsjþo y fhbjijbjghg gc bhs conucsths gc mpjojþo püibjnh-milcthghs nmo hotcrjmrjghg pmr puibjnjsths curmpcms, gcijgm h bh josjkojfjnhotc y hotjnjcotàfjnh prmpmrnjþo gc bhs `ucstrhs- co su bjirm Bhs fmr`hs mnubths gc bh prmphkhogh.  Zh co 8:31, cb frhonês Lcho @hrjc Gm`cohne, co su cstugjm smirc bh prmphkhogh pmbàtjnh, smstcoàh quc ‒cb smogcm gc mpjojþo mitjcoc bh `cgjh gc bm quc cs yh uoh `cgjh. Gc hbbà sus bj`jthnjmocs y sus

 

pmsjijbjghgcs gc crrmr. Bh mpjojþo octh sc mitjcoc hb ojvcb gcb krupm hj quc pcrtcocnc cb sulctm, pcrm nm`m csms krupms smo pmr bm kcocrhb '`übtjpbcs -fh`jbjh, sjogjnhtm, phrtjgm, shbþocb jogjvjgum pucgc c`jtjr mpjojmocs gjfcrcotcs co nhgh uom gc csms gjvcrsms ojvcbcs, h vcncs, nmotrhgjntmrjms. Qmr csm, csth `cgjh om sc hbnhozh y bh mpjojþo jogjvjguhb msnjbh cotrc bhs gjvcrshs hntjtugcs quc sc bc sukjcrco">. Qhrh quc bms smogcms tuvjcrho vhbjgcz, tcogràh quc iusnhrsc bh mpjojþo gc jogjvjgums quc smo prmtmtjpms gc su scntmr smnjhb, gcscnehogm h bms htàpjnms. Qcrm, nm`m Gm`cohne ehnàh omthr, cxjstco jogjvjgums tàpjnms co uo `cgjm quc hb `js`m tjc`pm smo htàpjnms co mtrm. Qmoàh nm`m clc`pbm, cb nhsm gc uo lmvco iurkuês nmovcrtjgm hb nm`uojs`m. Co cb phrtjgm, nm`m cstugjhotc, crh tàpjnm, pcrm htàpjnm co cb scom fh`jbjhr. M cb gc uo nehuvjojsth, tàpjnm cotrc bms vctcrhoms gc bh kucrrh, pcrm htàpjnm co bh fèirjnh gmogc trhihlhih m co su sjogjnhtm. ^j co cb prj`cr nhsm, cb conucsthgmr bm jotcrrmkhrh co su gm`jnjbjm, nm`ctcràh uo krhvc crrmr hb prmycnthr csh mpjojþo nm`m bh rcprcscothtjvh gc su ihrrjm. Co cb sckuogm nhsm pmgràh kcocrhbjzhr hb sjogjnhtm nm`m nehuvjojsth. Bms conhrkhgms gc bhs cotrcvjsths, smirc tmgm co bhs conucsths cbcntmrhbcs, om tjcoco tjc`pm sjom phrh tmnhr cb tj`irc gc uoh nhsh y prckuothr hb prj`crm quc shbc h hirjrbc bh pucrth. Bms puibjnjsths gcsnhrthrmo pmr csm bh vhbjgcz gc bms smogcms gc mpjojþo püibjnh. ^j sus rcsubthgms smo gjsnutjibcs co uo pcqucøm krupm quc sc tm`h gc `ucstrh, `unem `ès jrrchb cs quc sc bms jotcrpmbc nm`m cxprcsjþo gc tmgh uoh njughg y pcmr gc tmgm uoh ohnjþo. Qcrm fucrmo bms psjnþbmkms y bms psjqujhtrhs smnjhbcs bms quc hb nm`prmihr bh jocfjnhnjh gc bhs conucsths gcsnuirjcrmo bh pmsjijbjghg gc `mbgchr cb nm`pmrth`jcotm gc bms jogjvjgums y gc bhs smnjcghgcs. Gcsgc cotmoncs, hotcs gc bhozhr uoh nh`phøh gc puibjnjghg phrh vcogcr gctcr`johgm prmguntm yh om ehiàh quc prckuothrbc h bh kcotc quê cs bm quc qucràh m quê cs bm quc bc kusthih. Hemrh ehiàh quc psjnmhohbjzhrbh, cstugjhrbh co prmfuogjghg, hvcrjkuhr sus nm`pbclms, hohbjzhr sus frustrhnjmocs, co su`h, bhozhr smoghs h su hb`h h fjo gc nmomncr su prmfuogjghg, phrh csthibcncr bms `mtjvms quc bm jogunco h bh cbcnnjþo y hntuhr co nmoscnuconjh. ^cküo gcsnrjic Vhocc Qhndhrg, bms cxpcrtmsco njconjhs `êgjnhs y smnjhbcs, quc pmr conhrkm gc bhs hkconjhs gc puibjnjghg cstugjhrmo bhs rhzmocs pmr bhs nuhbcs fhbbho bhs jovcstjkhnjmocs gc

91;  

`crnhgm `cgjhotc bms smogcms gc mpjojþo, conucsths m survcys bbckhrmo h bhs sjkujcotcs nmonbusjmocs< "Co prj`cr bukhr om eh gc supmocrsc quc bh kcotc shic bm quc qujcrc". Nm`m clc`pbm phrh csth hfjr`hnjþo njth cb nhsm gc uøh jogustrjh gc shbsh gc tm`htc quc sc pusm hb imrgc gc bh qujcirh pmr hpbjnhr hb pjc gc bh bctrh bms rcsubthgms gc uoh conucsth rchbjzhgh cotrc nm`prhgmrhs gc csc prmguntm. Bh `hymràh gc cotrcvjsthghs ehiàh sukcrjgm uo oucvm tjpm gc covhsc y hprmihgm cb prmpucstm. Nuhogm cb prmguntm bbckþ h bms `mstrhgmrcs co bh omvcgmsh imtcbbh, ihlhrmo bhs vcoths. Oucvh`cotc cotrcvjsthghs, pmr `hymràh hiru`hgmrh, rcnehzhrmo cb covhsc y `hojfcsthrmo su prcfcrconjh pmr cb hotcrjmr. Mtrm clc`pbm nmofjr`htmrjm gc csth nmonbusjþo fuc cb rcsubthgm -h`pbjh`cotc h fhvmrgc uoh ncrvczh scnh jocxjstcotc, nmo cb hkrhvhotc quc bh nmosubth fuc ecneh cotrc icicgmrcs gc ncrvczh. Soh pcrjmgjsth pcruhoh, phrh uo prmkrh`h gc tcbcvjsjþo, rchbjzþ uoh conucsth phrh quc bhs pcrsmohs jotcrrmkhghs, jonbuycogm jotcbcntuhbcs, gjcrho su mpjojþo smirc cb übtj`m icst-scbbcr< uoh omvcbh tjtubhgh Bh qujoth csphgh. Nhsj tmgms gcnbhrhrmo ehicrbh bcàgm. Soms bh conmotrhrmo hphsjmohotc y om csnhtj`hrmo cbmkjms h bh mirh y h su hutmr. ^jo c`ihrkm bh omvcbh om sc ehiàh csnrjtm ouonh y cb tàtubm crh prmguntm gc bh j`hkjohnjþo gc bh pcrjmgjsth. Cstc übtj`m nhsm nmjonjgc pbcoh`cotc nmo bh sckuogh nmonbusjþo rcsu`jgh pmr Qhndhrg< ‒Om nhic supmocr quc bh kcotc gjkh bh vcrghg smirc sus prcfcrconjhs y hvcrsjmocs

huo co cb nhsm gc nmomncrbhs. Co nh`ijm cs prmihibc quc sc mitcokho rcspucsths quc prmtclho è bms jofmr`hotcs co su rcsucbtm c`pcøm pmr hphrcncr hotc cb `uogm nm`m scrcs vcrghgcrh`cotc scoshtms, jotcbjkcotcs y rhnjmohbcs". Cstc nhsm 'bcs frcnucotc co gcnbhrhnjmocs hb püibjnm m h pcrjmgjsths. Qmr clc`pbm, bhs nhogjghths h bms rcjohgms gc icbbczh, jogcfcntjibc`cotc `hojfjcstho sus prcfcrconjhs pmr bh `üsjnh y bh bjtcrhturh nbèsjnhs, huoquc sus vcrghgcrhs hfjnjmocs om phsco gc bms rjt`ms ihjbhibcs gc `mgh y su bcnturh hpcohs hbnhonc h bms fmbbctjocs gc Nmrào Wcbbhgm. Mtrm clc`pbm, nm`prmihgm pmr bms jovcstjkhgmrcs phrh csth nmonbusjþo cs quc bh kcotc ‒hg`jtc bccr sþbm rcvjsths quc kmzho gc krho prcstjkjm". ^j sc tm`hrho co scrjm cstms

rcsubthgms, sc bbckhràh h bh nmonbusjþo quc bms pcrjþgjnms scoshnjmohbjsths y gc csnèoghbm sc bcco hpcohs, `jcotrhs bhs puibjnhnjmocs nubturhbcs gcicràho hbnhozhr hbtàsj`ms tjrhlcs.

 

Qhndhrg rcfjcrc uo cxpcrj`cotm rchbjzhgm co Csthgms Sojgms pmr cb Jostjtutm gc Jovcstjkhnjþo gcb Nmbmr phrh pmocr co gugh bh sjoncrjghg nmo bh quc bh kcotc rcspmogc. Gcsnrjic quc, hotcs gc uoh nmofcrconjh prcphrhrmo gms shbhs gc cspcrh< uoh nmo `mgcroms, `ubbjgms y nmofmrthibcs `ucibcs sucnms y, bh mtrh, nmo sjbbmocs gc cstjbm, jonþ`mgms pcrm trhgjnjmohbcs. Bms prj`crms hsjstcotcs mnuphrmo gc jo`cgjhtm bh prj`crh shbh y üojnh`cotc nuhogm yh om ehiàh sjtjm, sc scothrmo co bms hotjkums, jonþ`mgms y rcnhrkhgms hsjcotms. Jotcrrmkhgms gcspuês gc bh nmofcrconjh smirc nühb gc bhs shbhs bcs ehiàh phrcnjgm `clmr, cb 57% rcspmogjþ quc bh nbèsjnh. Mtrm cxpcrj`cotm prcphrhgm pmr cb `js`m jostjtutm fuc rchb`cotc eu`mràstjnm< sc jotcrrmkþ h scjsnjcoths pcrsmohs smirc sj hnugjràho Wuoh nhsh gc c`pcøm co iusnh gc uo prêsth`m gc gjocrm, gclhogm uo milctm co khrhotàh. Wmgms bms jofmr`hotcs rcspmogjcrmo ockhtjvh y hjrhgh`cotc. Qcrm cb jostjtutm ehiàh prcphrhgm bh conucsth cstrjnth`cotc cotrc nbjcotcs gc nhshs gc prêsth`m. Mtrh nmonbusjþo gc`mstrhtjvh gc bh bj`jthgh cfjnhnjh gc bhs co nucsths sc ihsh co quc ‒cs pcbjkrmsm supmocr quc bh kcotc sc nm`pmrth gc `hocrh rhnjmohb‐. Som gc bms nhsms cstugjhgms pmr cb rcfcrjgm jostjtutm y rcnmkjgms pmr Qhndhrg, phrh smstcocr csth tcsjs, fuc bh nmosubth ecneh cotrc h`hs gc nhsh smirc bhs imoghgcs gc trcs `hrnhs gc gctcrkcotc. Bh `hymràh gc bhs `ulcrcs nmosubthghs rcnehzhrmo cb gctcrkcotc gcb covhsc h`hrjbbm pmrquc, sj ijco shnhih co fmr`h cxncbcotc bh sunjcghg, co nh`ijm quc`hih bhs `homs. Qhrh cbbhs, cb gcb covhsc hzub om hfcnthih bh pjcb pcrm om bhvhih ijco. Fuc nhsj uoèoj`c cb fhbbm hb `clmr gctcrkcotc< crh cb gc bh nhlh ijnmbmr -h`hrjbbm y hzub- pmrquc om hfcnthih bhs `homs y bj`pjhih nmo pcrfcnnjþo. Bm quc om shiàho bhs phrtjnjphotcs gc bh prucih cs quc sc trhthih gc uo `js`m prmguntm covhshgm co trcs nhlhs gjfcrcotcs. Cb `js`m Qhndhrg, rcfjcrc mtrh conucsth nuyhs nmonbusjmocs ejnjcrmo pcrgcr `jbbmocs gc gþbhrcs h bh Nerysbcr Nmrpmrhtjmo. Bm `ès sjkojfjnhtjvm gc csh nmosubth fuc su gurhnjþo y bm gcthbbhgm, bm cxheus- tjvm y, phrh su tjc`pm, bm njcotàfjnm gcb nucstjmohrjm. Bh Nerysbcr qucràh shicr, gcsgc buckm phrh hu`cothr sus vcoths, quê nhrhntcràstjnhs gcicràh tcocr cb hutm prcfcrjgm pmr bms omrtch`crjnhoms. Cb rcsubthgm fuc nmosjgcrhgm, pmr `unem tjc`pm, nm`m cb ‒crrmr `ès nhrm co bh ejstmrjh gc bms ockmnjms gc Csthgms Sojgms‐. Gc hnucrgm nmo csc cstugjm

gc `crnhgm, bms omrtch`crjnhoms csthiho nhoshgms gc bms

 

hutm`þvjbcs krhogcs y honems, hgmrohgms nmo cxncsm gc nrm`ms, gjfànjbcs gc csthnjmohr co nhbbcs nhgh vcz `ès nmokcstjmohghs, y uoh scrjc gc hrku`cotms `ès. Qhrh shtjsfhncr csc gcscm `hymrjthrjm, bh Nerysbcr gjscrtþ uo hutm`þvjb `cgjhom y sconjbbm nmo bh sckurjghg gc rcvmbunjmohr cb `crnhgm. Ehy quc j`hkjohrsc bh jovcrsjþo y cb tjc`pm quc rcqujrjþ phrh nh`ijhr sus josthbhnjmocs y hghpthrbhs hb oucvm `mgcbm. Bms rcsubthgms fucrmo nhthstrþfjnms. Ouonh bh kjkhotcsnh c`prcsh vcogjþ tho pmnms hutm`þvjbcs nm`m co 8:3>, høm co cb quc sc hpbjnþ bh `ucstrh. Qhrh cvjthr bh qujcirh tuvm quc vmbvcr h bhs nhrhntcràstjnhs gc bhrkm y honem gc sus hotjkums gjscøms.

Wrcjoth høms gcspuês, bms smogcms sjkuco gcsmrjcothogm h qujcocs conhrkho cstms cstugjms `ès quc sj nmofjhrho üojnh`cotc co su jotujnjþo. Co 8:51 cb Ocwsprjot Jofmr`htjmo Nm`jttcc -uoh sucrtc gc nbui gc cgjtmrcs- qujsm ghr rcspucsth h uo jotcrrmkhotc< sj `ès kcotc bcàh pcrjþgjnms m vcàh tcbcvjsjþo. Qhrh csthr sckurms conm`coghrmo bh jovcstjkhnjþo h trcs hnrcgjthghs c`prcshs gc `hrdctjok< Ympcr, Ico Ihkgjdjho y Ymijosmo. Bms cstugjms gc Ympcr rcsubthrmo gjfcrcotcs y mpucstms h bms rchbjzhgms pmr Ico Ihkgjdjho. Bms mitcojgms pmr bh fjr`h Ymijosmo, om sc phrcnàho h ojokuom gc bms mtrms gms. Om cs pmsjibc shnhr nmonbusjmocs gcfjojtjvhs gc bhs conucsths smirc bhs prcfcrconjhs gc bms nmosu`jgmrcs. Nmo `hymr rhzþo sj sc trhth gc hvcrjkuhr nmovjnnjmocs pmbàtjnhs, jgcmbþkjnhs m fhvmrjtjs`m smirc nhogjghturhs h nhrkms cbcntjvms. Co hbkuoms phàscs gcb Wcrncr @uogm àh sjoncrjghg frcotc h uo fmr`ubhrjm gc prckuoths pmbàtjnhs pucgc scr uo rjcskm pcbjkrmsm. Qmr clc`pbm, co Nejbc kmicrohgm pmr cb kcocrhb Qjomnect cs j`prmihibc quc uo `hrxjsth nmofjcsc sus nmovjnnjmocs hotc uo gcsnmomnjgm, pmrquc sjc`prc tcogrè bh gugh gc sj rchb`cotc sc trhth gc uo pcsqujsjgmr gc conucsths m gc uo `jc`irm gc sckurjghg gcb Csthgm. Bh gc`mstrhnjþo sc gjm prcnjsh`cotc co Nejbc co cb rcfcrcogu` nmovmnhgm co 8:55. Wmghs bhs conucsths, sjo cxncpnjþo y ehsth bh vàspcrh gc bh nmosubth, ghiho pmr khohgmr hb ‒sj‐ quc pcr`jtjràh bh pcr`hoconjh gc Qjomnect co cb kmijcrom. Qcrm

cb ‒OM"  sc j`pusm co prmpmrnjþo nmotuogcotc._Gcspuês sc supm quc bh nmofjhozh y cb mptj`js`m gc Qjomnect om sc sustcothiho üojnh`cotc co bms smogcms gc bhs hkconjhs prjvhghs, sjom co bh gc sus prmpjms scrvjnjms gc jotêbjkconjh.

 

J suncgc nmo bms rhtjoks quc `jgco jh sjotmoàh gc prmkrh`hs [*   y tcjcvjs¡þo y bms tjrhlcs gc rcvjsths y pcrjþgjnms. Soh jovcs- gc rh;p  ½¡c| nmokrcsm omrtch`crjnhom smirc bms rhtjoks smrprcogjþ fj  huc pmr bh fhbth gc jgmocjghg y emocstjghg co bms prmncgj`jcotms, _ {rcgunjgàsj`m è`ijtm co quc sc rchbjzhiho bhs nmosubths. Bhs c`- Q±rch^ gcgjnhghs h cstms cstugjms

bbckho h tcocr pmgcr cxncsjvm pàirc bms `cgjms gc nm`uojnhnjþo, pucstm quc sus nmonbusjmocs cs- !¡gàstjnhs sjrvco gc phuth phrh bh gjstrjiunjþo gc prmphkhogh gc bhs Nconàhs gc puibjnjghg. Co H`êrjnh Bhtjoh sc eho prmgunjgm vcrghgcrms csnèoghbms pmr bh `hojpubhnjþo gc njfrhs phrh icocfjnjhr h gctcr`johgms `cgjms gc nm`uojnhnjþo. Co rchbjghg, nhsj co ojoküo phàs cstèo rckubhghs pmr bcy csths c`prcshs oj bhs uojvcrsjghgcs prcphrho h sus cxpcrtms. Ohnco

cspmotèoch`cotc nm`m bms eucvms ocutrms. ^jo c`ihrkm, sus clcnutjvms sc prm`ucvco nm`m jofhbjibcs y phrhncr- tjfjnhrquc sus `êtmgms smo njcotàfjnms, `ucstrho nm`m tcstj`mojm tênojnm h bhs nm`puthgmrhs ‒quc ouonh sc cqujvmnho‐. Z rchb`cotc -shbvm quc tcokho vjrus- om sc

cqujvmnho. Hgc`ès gc ncrtcrhs, bhs nm`puthgmrhs smo vcbmncs y emocsths. Om sc pucgc hfjr`hr co nh`ijm quc scho ncrtcrms, jofhbjibcs y emocstms bms scrcs eu`homs quc bhs prmkrh`ho y quc nhrkho bms ghtms. Co cb Qcrü cxjstc uoh c`prcsh gc conucsths gcom`johgh Qcruhoh gc Mpjojþo Qüibjnh, nuyhs sjkbhs smo pmp. Co bms `cgjms pcrjmgàstjnms sc irm`ch, y ehsth sc eh puibjnhgm nmo csh jotconjþo, quc bh sjkbh pmp sc jotcrprcth nm`m "Qhkhs M Qjcrgcs‐.  Ehy ou`crmshs cxpcrjconjhs hb rcspcntm. Cb gjrcntmr gc uo pcrjþgjnm gc rcnjcotc fuoghnjþo, rcnjijþ bh vjsjth gcb rcprcscothotc gc uoh c`prcsh gc rhtjoks mfcrthogm bh vcoth gc sus sco/jnjms. Nmovconjgm quc bh prmphkhogh nm`crnjhb om sc ghràh h csc `cgjm pmr su bàoch pmpubhr pmr `uy sjkojfjnhtjvm quc fucrh su tjrhlc, om hncptþ bh prmpmsjnjþo. Bcs prckuotþ, co nh`ijm, nühbcs crho bms `êtmgms phrh csthibcncr cb oü`crm gc clc`pbhrcs gc nhgh puibjnhnjþo. Ycspmogjcrmo quc sus cxpcrtms nmosubthiho pmo vcogcgmrcs y nm`prhgmrcs. gjrcntmr bcs hnmosclþ uo sjstc`h `ès sckurm< quc nmosubthrho ±mo bms gjstrjiujgmrcs zmohbcs. Cbbms cotrckhiho bhs puibjnhnjmocs co su scntmr y, hb gàh sjkujcotc, rcnjiàho bhs gcvmbunjmocs gc bms clc`pbh- ®s om vcogjgms. Z mtrh sukcrcotc jovjthnjþo< quc bm vjsjthrho h bh emrh 6 s  scc jojnjhih bh j`prcsjþo y sc qucghrho ehsth cb fjohb, nmotc`pbho- nmotþ`ctrm gc bh rmthtjvh.

 

Bms cxpcrtms om hncpthrmo ojokuoh gc bhs prmpucsths, nmovconjgms gc sus `êtmgms gc `ucstrcm. Nm`m nmoscnuconjh gc csth ockhtjvh, bms rcsubthgms gcb rhtjok nmrrcspmogjcotc hb `cs sjkujcotc euijcrho sjgm nhthstrþfjnms phrh cb pcrjþgjnm gc ehicr vjvjgm gc bh puibjnjghg nm`crnjhb y om gc bms nm`uojnhgms gc mrkhojzhnjmocs krc`jhbcs y sjogjnhbcs, y gcb tjrhlc< om sþbm bm ihlhrmo gcb bukhr co quc bm ehiàho uijnhgm hotcs gc bh vjsjth, sjom quc bm ejnjcrmo gcshphrcncr. Qrèntjnh`cotc phrh bh c`prcsh conucsthgmrh cb pcrjþgjnm om cxjstàh. Co bh `hymr phrtc gc bms phàscs gcb Wcrncr @uogm fuonjmoho c`prcshs trhosohnjmohbcs gcgjnhghs hb cstugjm gc sjotmoàh y njrnubhnjþo, nm`m uo nm`pbc`cotm h bhs gc puibjnjghg. Cotrc h`ihs fmr`ho bms irhzms gc uoh tcohzh quc hprjsjmoh h bms `cgjms bmnhbcs gc nm`uojnhnjþo. ^j hbküo gjhrjm m csthnjþo gc rhgjm m tcbcvjsjþo, hgmpthrh uoh pmbàtjnh jofmr`htjvh rchb`cotc h`pbjh, pburhbjsth y quc gc hbküo `mgm milcthrh bh cnmom`àh gc `crnhgm, bh c`prcsh gc rhtjok scrè bh conhrkhgh gc csthibcncr quc csc `cgjm om tjcoc hncpthnjþo co cb püibjnm. Hb om fjkurhrco bms bukhrcs hncpthibcs phrh bh puibjnjghg, êsth bc scrè ockhgh smirc ihscs rchbcs y milctjvhs. Csh cs bh rhzþo pmr bh nuhb om pucgc smircvjvjr bh prcosh hbtcrohtjvh y nmo `hymr rhzþo bh rhgjm m bh tcbcvjsjþo hbtcrohtjvh. Qmr csm, bms `mvj`jcotms prmkrcsjsths cstèo `hrkjohgms gc bh bjicrthg gc prcosh.

Bhs conucsths pmbàtjnhs bbckhrmo nmo `uneh thrghozh h H`êrjnh Bhtjoh. Co cb Qcrü, pmr clc`pbm, jojnjhrmo sus hntjvjghgcs rcnjêo co 8:51. Co rchbjghg, bh `hymràh gc bhs c`prcshs conucsthgmrhs cxjstàho gcsgc tjc`pm htrès nmo fjocs cstrjnth`cotc nm`crnjhbcs. Co bhs cbcnnjmocs gc csc høm gcnjgjcrmo jonursjmohr co bhs hrcohs `mvcgjzhs gc bh pmbàtjnh, pmrquc sc bcs hiràh uoh oucvh fucotc gc jokrcsms. Nm`m bh omrtch`crjnhoh Khbbup, cb gciut fuc nhthstrþfjnm< om hncrthrmo uoh. Gc hnucrgm nmo sus prmoþstjnms, co 8:51 cb prcsjgcotc pcruhom gcijþ scr cb hprjsth Hr`hogm Vjbbhoucvh nmo h`pbàsj`h vcothlh smirc cb pmpubjsth Fcrohogm Icbhüogc. Qcrm bms rcsubthgms fucrmo cxhnth`cotc h bh jovcrsh. Bms `èrkcocs gc crrmr supcrhrmo cb 83 y 91%. Bh ejstmrjh fuc h nmotrhpcbm gc bhs conucsths. Nmo csms rcsubthgms gcijcrmo vmbvcr -sjbconjmsms y hvcrkmozhgms- h sus joghkhnjmocs gc nmosu`m, bcntmràh y sjotmoàh. Qcrm bh hnmkjgh quc tuvjcrmo gurhotc bh nh`phøh cbcntmrhb co bhs c`prcshs

 

gc rhgjm, tcbcvjsjþo y co bms pcrjþgjnms bcs rcpmrtþ ohgh gcsprcnjhibcs khohonjhs. ^us prmoþstjnms om fucrmo jofhbjibcs, pcrm sus utjbjghgcs sà. Gc `hocrh quc phrh bhs cbcnnjmocs `uojnjphbcs gc 8:5>, rckrcshrmo hb ockmnjm nm`m sj ohgh euijcrh suncgjgm. Gcsnuirjcrmo, hgc`ès, quc gjfuogjcogm sus njfrhs co bms `cgjms, hgqujràho uo pmgcr gc `hojpubhnjþo cxtrhmrgjohrjm quc bcs pcr`jtàh ]^uim.rgj.ohr h pmbàtjnms y phrtjgms nmo bh pmsjijbjghg gc cogmshrbcs cb "vmtm pcrgjgm" y, pmr høhgjgurh, ehncr `êrjtms nmo bms krhogcs houonjhgmrcs. Csth übtj`h hfjr`hnjþo cs gc`mstrhibc -nmo tms cstugjms rchbjzhgms pmr cb pmbjtþbmkm pcruhom Fcrohogm Wucsth7- hb nm`prmihr quc, sjo cxncpnjþo, bhs c`prcshs conucsthgmrhs gjs`jouyco bhs pmsjijbjghgcs gc bms scntmrcs pmpubhrcs y gc bh jzqujcrgh, hb suircprcscothr h bms scntmrcs gc cxtrc`h pmirczh. Wucsth gc`ucstrh quc cø tmghs bhs conucsths, bh nhogjghturh gc bh gcrcneh ‒cstè smircrrcprcscothgh‐, `jcotrhs quc bh

nhogjghturh gc Jzqujcrgh Sojgh ½cnjic cxhnth`cotc cb trhtm nmotrhrjm< co tmgms bms nhsms bms pmrncothlcs quc sc bc mtmrkho smo sjc`prc `comrcs h bms rcsubthgms fjohbcs. 'W>s c`prcshs bhtjomh`crjnhohs gc `hrdctjok pmbàtjnm, høhgco h bh scrjc gc rhzmocs pmr bhs nuhbcs fhbbho bhs conucsths, uoh gc j`pmrthonjh gcnjsjvh. ^us `êtmgms y nucstjmohrjms cstèo trhgunjgms bjtcrhb`cotc gc bhs conucsthgmrhs gc Csthgms Sojgms, prj`crh pmtconjh cnmoþ`jnh gcb `uogm, gmogc bms cstrhtms smnjhbcs cstèo gjfcrconjhgms y om tjcoco bh ectcrmkcocjghg gc bms phàscs suigcshrrmbbhgms. Co nuhbqujcr njughg gc Csthgms Sojgms sc pucgc uijnhr y gjfcrconjhr nmo fhnjbjghg h bms gjstjotms scntmrcs pmr sus jokrcsms cnmoþ`jnms. Co Bj`h, gmogc bh pmibhnjþo eh hu`cothgm 3 vcncs co >1 høms, nmo uoh `hrkjohbjghg om `cosurhgh y nrcnjcotc, hpbjnhr `cnèojnh`cotc bms prmncgj`jcotms omrtch`crjnhoms nhrcnc gc scrjcghg y rhyh co cb hisurgm. Bh sckuogh cxpcrjconjh gc bhs conucsths pmbàtjnhs gc 8:5> co Bj`h, fuc pcmr quc bh hotcrjmr. So `cs hotcs gc bhs cbcnnjmocs, nhgh uoh gc bhs c`prcshs conucsthgmrhs gjm rcsubthgms gjfcrcotcs y tmghs fhbbhrmo. H nuhrcoth gàhs gc bhs cbcnnjmocs, cb nhogjghtm fhvmrjtm h bh hbnhbgàh gc Bj`h crh Hbfrcgm Ihrocnech gcb Qhrtjgm Hprjsth, nmo cb 96 y >1% gc bh vmthnjþo, scküo bhs c`prcshs Qcruhoh gc Mpjojþo Qüibjnh (pmp) y Ghtu`, rcspcntjvh`cotc. Gc hnucrgm h pmp, cb sckuogm bukhr nmrrcspmogàh h Yjnhrgm H`jcb gcb Qhrtjgm Qmpubhr Nrjstjhom y cb tcrncrm, hb nhogjghtm gc Jzqujcrgh Sojgh, Hbfmosm Ihrrhotcs. Qhrh

 

Ghtu`, cj sckuogm tukhr crh phrh cb rcprcscothotc gc bh jzqujcrgh4 phrh Jotcr-Khbbup cb trjuofhgmr gciàh scr cb pmpubhrnrjstjhom H`jcb nmo cb 96%, sckujgm gcb cotmoncs jzqujcrghuojgjsth Ihrrhotcs y, co cb tcrncr pucstm qucghràh Ihrocnech gcb HQYH.  Om sc rcqucràh gc smogcms gc mpjojþo, phrh jotujr quc cb vconcgmr rchb scràh cb nhogjghtm gc Jzqujcrgh Sojgh. Qcrm bhs hkconjhs QMQ,  Ghtu` y bh Nm`phøàh Qcruhoh gc Jovcstjkhnjþo gc @crnhgms (NQJ)  rcnjêo gjcrmo h csh nhogjghturh cb prj`cr bukhr, fhbthogm gms gàhs phrh bh rchbjzhnjþo gc bms nm`jnjms. Frhnhshrmo bh`cothibc`cotc co bms pmrncothlcs cstj`hgms. Gcspuês gc rcjtcrhr quc sus smogcms tcoàho nm`m `èxj`m cb 3% gc crrmr, Ghtu` fhbbþ co 8>.38 y NQJ co 87 puotms pmrncotuhbcs. Jkuhb`cotc fucrmo omthibcs bms ycrrms co bms pucstms sjkujcotcs. Co cb prmncsm cbcntmrhb gc 8:5> sc pusm co cvjgconjh bh nhrconjh êtjnh gc Jotcr-Khbbup, nmotrhthgh nmo cxnbusjvjghg pmr cb gjhrjm Cb Nm`crnjm.  Csh c`prcsh gjm nm`m fhvmrjtm co bhs conucsths ehsth cb übtj`m gàh, hb pmpubhrnrjstjhom Yjnhrgm H`jcb -nhogjghtm huspjnjhgm pmr csc gjhrjm-, quc rcsubtþ tcrncrm. Nmo rcspcntm hb prj`crm sc hbclþ gc bh rchbjghg co `ès gcb 89%. Whb vcz nmofjhogm nm`m @hrtào Fjcrrm, co quc ‒shicr mbvjghr bm `hbm th`ijêo cs

tcocr `c`mrjh", bhs c`prcshs `hojpubhgmrh-co- nucsthgmrhs rchphrcnjcrmo co bms prmncsms cbcntmrhbcs gc 8:53, gc8:56 y gc 8:5:. Co bhs gcb høm 53 bh nh`phøh cspcnthnubhr gcb hprjsth Hbho Khrnàh om gclhih gughs smirc su trjuofm. Bh gjsnusjþo kcocrhbjzhgh nmosjstàh co shicr sj khohràh co bh prj`crh vucbth m rcqucrjràh gc uoh sckuogh cbcnnjþo. Bhs hkconjhs conucsthgmrhs fhbbhrmo omthibc`c_c co bms pmrncothlcs hbnhozhgms. Bh `hymràh gc cbbhs sc qucghrmo nmrths co bhs jotconjmocs gcb vmtm, nmo cb cvjgcotc prmpþsjtm gc `clmrhr hb nhogjghtm hpmyhgm pmr bms krhogcs houonjhgmrcs. Bms crrmrcs gc tmghs bhs hkconjhs co bms sjkujcotcs pucstms y bms pmrncothlcs htrjiujgms, fucrmo rchb`cotc gcncpnjmohotcs. Csth tcogconjh gc fhvmrcncr bhs nhogjghturhs hpmyhghs pmr bms c`prcshrjms, sc ejzm cvjgcotc co pmpubhrjghg bhs cbcnnjmocshiru`hgmrh `uojnjphbcs gc 8:5:. Gcsgc cb `cs gc hkmstm crh omtmrjh bh gcbomvjc`irc nhogjghtmgcgcb @mvj`jcotm Mirhs, Yjnhrgm Icb`mot, prmpjcthrjm gc gms rhgjmc`jsmrhs y gc uo nhohb gc tcbcvjsjþo, hgc`ès gc scr uo hoj`hgmr `uy qucrjgm pmr sus `hrhteþojnhs prcscothnjmocs houhbcs co bh tcbcvjsjþo co uo prmkrh`h gcstjohgm h rcnhughr fmogms co icocfjnjm gc bh nbàojnh ^ho Luho gc Gjms phrh oj-

 

oms jovèbjgms gc scntmrcs pmpubhrcs. Zh cb 91 gc hkmstm -nhsj trcs `cscs hotcs gc bhs cbcnnjmocs-, uoh conucsth ‒fbhse" gc bh c`prcsh @crnhgcm y Mpjojþo ^. H  H.  puibjnhgh co cb gjhrjm Bh Ycpüibjnh, bm nmosjgcrhih co cb prj`cr bukhr. ^jo c`ihrkm, bhs gc`ès conucsthgmrhs `mstrhiho bh prcfcrconjh pmr cb nhogjghtm gc bh gcrcneh uojfjnhgh trhs bhs sjkbhs gcb Frcotc Gc`mnrètjnm (FYCGC@M) y rcprcscothgm pmr Luho Joneèustckuj. Co cb trhosnursm gc bh nh`phøh, sc `mstrþ sjc`prc hb nhogjghtm Joneèustckuj, sj om pmr gcbhotc, sjkujcogm `uy gc ncrnh h Yjnhrgm Icb`mot, ghogm bh j`prcsjþo gc quc bms rcsubthgms cbcntmrhbcs scràho `uy phrclms, pmr bm `coms cotrc cstms gms nhogjghtms. Wrcs sc`hohs hotcs gc bh cbcnnjþo, cb gjhrjm Cb Nm`crnjm puibjnhih bms rcsubthgms gc bhs nmosubths fhvmrhibcs h su nhogjghtm, Luho Joneèustckuj, y phrcnàh quc rcpctjràh bh `hojpubhnjþo gc 8:5>. Qmr fjo, nuhogm om sc pmgàh rc`hr `ès nmotrh bh nmrrjcotc, cb sèihgm 95 gc mntuirc -bhs cbcnnjmocs sc rchbjzhràho 87 gàhs gcspuês- Cb Nm`crnjm puibjnþ tms smogcms gc Ghtu` nmbmnhogm co prj`cr bukhr h Icb`mot nmo >6%, sckujgm pmr cb nhogjghtm gcrcnejsth nmo >8%, pcrm nmo uoh omth gc rcghnnjþo gc hotmbmkàh. Gcihlm gcb nuhgrm gc bms rcsubthgms gc bh conucsth, Cb Nm`crnjm nmbmnþ bh sjkujcotc cxpbjnhnjþo< ‒Huoquc cb nhogjghtm gc Mirhs, Yjnhrgm Icb`mot, nucoth nmo 3.3

puotms `ès quc cb nhogjghtm gc FYCGC@M,  Luho Jonehüstckuj, quc bm sjkuc co bhs prcfcrconjhs, Ghtu` homth quc gc hnucrgm hb `hrkco gc crrmr om ehy ncrtczh gc uo khohgmr gcfjojgm. Gcijgm hb th`høm gc bh `ucstrh cxjstc uo c`phtc csthgàstjnm cotrc Mirhs y FYCGC@M‐.  Cb fh`msm ‒c`phtc csthgàstjnm" fuc rmtm pmr bh rchbjghg nmo `ès gcb 73% gc bh vmthnjþo h fhvmr

gcb nhogjghtm gc Mirhs. ]H pcshr gc tmgms cstms frhnhsms rmtuogms, bms `cgjms gc nm`uojnhnjþo josjstco co utjbjzhr bhs conucsths y prcscothrbhs nm`m mrènubms njicroêtjnms jofhbjibcs nmo bh fjohbjghg gc nmovcrtjrbhs co nmofjhibcs phrh bms cbcntmrcs. Bhs conucsths sc eho nmovcrtjgm co hr`hs fuogh`cothbcs phrh bh `hojpubhnjþo gc bms njughghoms. ^mo cvjgcotcs bms cfcntms gjsuhsjvms co bh nmogunth gcb cbcntmr. Qmr csm, h gcspcnem gc bhs milcnjmocs pbhotchghs pmr cstugjmsms, ojoküo `cgjm gc nm`uojnhnjþo sc eh htrcvjgm h prm`mvcr uo gcihtc smirc cb tc`h. ^cràh sufjnjcotc nm`phrhr bms rcsubthgms sj`ubtèocms quc nmo pcghotcràh cxejico bms gjrjkcotcs gc c`prcshs gc smogcms gc mpjojþo, phrh gc`mstrhrbcs quc sus prmncgj`jcotms smo uo c`iustc.

 

Vch`ms uoh `ucstrh `ès< Cb Nm`crnjm gcb `hrtcs 9; gc luojm gc 8:5:, puibjnþ cb rcsubthgm gc bhs nmosubths ecnehs pmr Hpmym ^. H  H. h bh prckuoth< ‒½Qmr qujêo vmthràh sj `høhoh fucsco bhs cbcnnjmocs prcsjgconjhbcs=‐, cb 77% rcspmogjþ quc bm ehràh pmr Vhrkhs Bbmsh -nhogjghtm gcb FYCGC@M-  y cb 8:% pmr Ihrrhotcs Bjokèo -co csc `m`cotm prmihibc nhogjghtm gc juQcrm, gms gàhs hotcs, cb gm`jokm 93 gc luojm gc J:5:, cb gjhrjm Bh Ycpüibjnh, ihshgm co bh ‒conucsth fbhse" gc @crnhgcm y Mpjojþo, tjtubþ bh jofmr`hnjþo nmo krhogcs nhrhntcrcs< ‒^c

vjcoc cb Ihrrhothzm‐ y htrjiuyþ hb nhogjghtm Ihrrhotcs, om cb 8:%, sjom cb >5%.  Cs uo `jstcrjm nmomncr cb krhgm gc nrcgjijbjghg quc bms c`prcshrjms houonjhgmrcs bc mtmrkho h sus jofmr`cs gc `hrdctjok4 om sc shic sj bhs gjfcrconjhs gc bms smogcms nm`crnjhbcs smo tho hijs`hbcs nm`m gc bhs conucsths pmbàtjnhs. Whb vcz phrh bms nm`crnjhotcs c jogustrjhbcs om sch krhvc uo `hrkco gc crrmr gcb 3%. Qcrm phrh bh pmbàtjnh sà. Fcrohogm Wucsth bm cxpbjnh nmo cb sjkujcotc clc`pbm< ‒co uoh conucsth nmo uo `hrkco gc

crrmr gc 3%, om cs pmsjibc smstcocr quc H mitjcoc cb >1% gc bms vmtms, sckujgm pmr I quc tjcoc 93% y, co tcrncr bukhr, sc conucotrh N nmo uo 99%. Gcijgm hb `hrkco gc crrmr gcb 3% phrh hrrjih y phrh hihlm, bh rchbjghg pucgc scr nm`pbcth`cotc gjfcrcotc c jonbusm nmotrhrjh< pucgc ghr nm`m rcsubthgm quc N mitcokh 9;%, I qucgc sckuogm, nmo 96%, y cb supucstm puotcrm H sc qucgc hb fjohb nmo 93%. Cs gcnjr om cs pmsjibc jofcrjr cofètjnh`cotc, nmo uoh `ucstrh gctcr`johgh, uo rcsubthgm puotuhb‐. Soh cxpcrjconjh hb rcspcntm cs cb ‒c`phtc csthgàstjnm‐ gcb gjhrjm Cb Nm`crnjm. 

Nm`m njonm `cscs gcspuês gc bhs cbcnnjmocs `uojnjphbcs gc 8:5: sc rchbjzho bhs kcocrhbcs, bhs hkconjhs gc `hrdctjok om cspcrhrmo cb tjc`pm prugcotc phrh cb mbvjgm gc sus fjhsnms. Wrcs sc`hohs gcspuês gcb fh`msm ‒c`phtc csthgàstjnm‐, nmo krho gcsprcnjm pmr bh

jotcbjkconjh gc sus bcntmrcs, cb gjhrjm Cb Nm`crnjm, nmo bh `js`h hkconjh Ghtu` vmbvjcrmo h bh nhrkh gc bh `hojpubhnjþo csthgàstjnh. Oucvh`cotc, h bh prckuoth smirc ‒sj bhs cbcnnjmocs

fucrho `høhoh, pmr nuèb phrtjgm vmthràh Sg.‐ bc htrjiuycrmo cb 38.5% gc bhs prcfcrconjhs hb frcotc gcrcnejsth quc hnhih gc pcrgcr cb prjonjphb `uojnjpjm gcb phàs, gmogc sc nmoncotrh bh `jthg gcb cbcntmrhgm. Co nh`ijm, h Jzqujcrgh Sojgh bc htrjiuycrmo cb 88.7%, rcihlèogmbc 89 puotms pmrncotuhbcs-`ès gcb gmibc-gcb pmrncothlc hbnhozhgm cxhnth`cotc 85 gàhs hotcs.

 

Hb jkuhb quc Khbbup quc johukurþ cb sjstc`h nmo uo fjhsnm, pcrm conmotrþ bh gjsnubph nmrrcspmogjcotc, bhs c`prcshs gc `hrdctjok pmbàtjnm ehnco prmczhs gc j`hkjohnjþo phrh cxpbjnhr h sus nbjcotcs nm`crnjhbcs smirc sus frhnhsms pmbàtjnms. Vch`ms uoh `ucstrh< bh Nm`phøàh Qcruhoh gc Jovcstjkhnjþo gc @crnhgms ^. H  H. (NQJ) hb gàh sjkujcotc gc bhs cbcnnjmocs gc 8:56, gjrjkjþ uoh nhrth njrnubhr fjr`hgh pmr su gjrcntmr-kcrcotc, @houcb ^hhvcgrh, nmo cb tàtubm gc ‒Cbcnnjmocs `uojnjphbcs gc 8:56 (Bj`h). So nhsm cspcnjhb gc `hrdctjok pmbàtjnm‐.

Ycnmrgc`ms quc NQJ co bh conucsth rchbjzhgh 6 gàhs hotcs gc bhs cbcnnjmocs, gjm nm`m khohgmr h Bujs Icgmyh gcb Qhrtjgm Qmpubhr Nrjstjhom, nmo >8.3% -quc bbckþ tcrncrm-4 nm`m sckuogm h Lmrkc gcb Nhstjbbm, gcb Qhrtjgm Hprjsth, nmo 95.5% -quc fuc cb khohgmr- y h Hbfmosm Ihrrhotcs -co csc `m`cotm nhogjghtm gc Jzqujcrgh Sojgh- nm`m tcrncrm nmo 93.9%, pcrm quc bbckþ sckuogm. Co bh nm`uojnhnjþo njrnubhr NQJ smstuvm quc bms hnjcrtms y bms crrmrcs quc gjstmrsjmohrmo bhs `ucstrhs sc gcsconhgcohrmo cofmr`h suncsjvh y nmonbuycotc co bhs übtj`hs 75 emrhs. Nm`m hnjcrtms, cxpbjnþ cb ‒ihbnmohzm‐ gcb prcsjgcotc Hbho Khrnàh h fhvmr gc Gcb Nhstjbbm y nm`m crrmr, bh ‒rcspucsth fucrh gc tmom hb `coshlc prcsjgconjhb pmr phrtc gcb Gr. Bujs Icgmyh‐. Co nuhotm h Ihrrhotcs, ‒pcosh`ms quc co njcrth `cgjgh, huoquc om co fmr`h sjkojfjnhtjvh, sc rcfbclþ cb ‒vmtm csnmogjgm‚ co bms vmthotcs jogcnjsms‐.  Co bhs nmonbusjmocs gcb jofmr`c gc NQJ h sus ‒nbjcotcs y h`jkms‐ sc rcvcbh hbkm quc

gcsnmomnco bms sufrjgms nrcycotcs gc bhs conucsths. Wrhosnrjij`ms tcxtuhb`cotc bh nmonbusjþo I< ‒Co ojoküo `m`cotm bms rcsubthgms gc'bhs gjfcrcotcs conucsths eho nmostjtujgm uo

prmoþstjnm gc bms pmsjibcs rcsubthgms gcb gàh Gm`jokm4 sþbm eho rcfbclhgm bhs prcfcrconjhs gc bms vmthotcs co cb `m`cotm gc bh conucsth".

Bms ‒em`ircs gc Qhvb&y‐ 

Bh gênhgh gcb scscoth sc jojnjh nmo bms oucvms gcsnuirj`jcotms psjnmsmnjmbþkjnms gc bh puibjnjghg. ^c . eh pcrfcnnjmohgm gcsgc cotmoncs, `ès quc cb hrtc, bh njconjh gc bh `hojpubhnjþo gc bhs nmonjco-

 

.pjhs. Bms `crnhgcrcs gc#usjmocs, om sþbm ehibho gc `crnhgmtcnojh. ^u vmnhiubhrjm eh sjgm h`pbjhgm y corjqucnjgm nmo bms om`ircs gc Frcug y gc Qhvbmv4 ehibho gc psjnmbmkàh nmoguntjsth, gc bh sc`jþtjnh y bms sà`imbms, gc bms cstugjms co prmfuogjghg, gc bms tcst `mtjvh- njmohbcs. Cb tcst gc Ymrsnehne,m gc hpcrncpnjþo tc`ètjnh, bcs cs fh`jbjhr y bms eho hghpthgm h sus fjocs. Jkuhb quc cb tcst pjntþrjnm gc frustrhnjþo gc Ymscozwcjk m cb gc ^zmogj. ^c sjcotco tênojnms co pcrsuhnjþo y cstèo sckurms quc ‒om nmotrmbho `crnhgms,

sjom nmonjconjhs". Qsjnmhohbjsths gc prcstjkjm sc cspcnjhbjzho co bh oucvh njconjh< gms gc cbbms, Crocst Gjtnecr y Bmujs Necsqujo, csnrjijcrmo uo vcrghgcrm trhthgm tjtubhgm Bh tcmràh gc bhs `mtjvhnjmocs.  Gjtnecr hgc`ès, nm`m bh c`joconjh `èxj`h phrh bhs hkconjhs gc puibjnjghg, cgjtþ uoh oucvh ijibjh< Bms `mtjvms gcb nmosu`jgmr.  Gjtnecr y Necsqujo rcsu`jcrmo su njconjh nmo bhs sjkujcotcs phbhirhs< ‒Bh jovcstjkhnjþo `mtjvhnjmohb cs bh quc trhth gc joghkhr bms `mtjvms quc jogunco h cbckjr. Stjbjzh tênojnhs gcstjohghs h bbckhr h bm jonmosnjcotc m suinmos- njcotc, pmrquc pmr bm kcocrhb bhs prcfcrconjhs sc gctcr`joho pmr fhntmrcs gc bms quc cb jogjvjgum om tjcoc nmonjconjh‐3. ^c eh prmgunjgm, sjo bukhr h gughs, uoh vcrghgcrh rcvmbunjþo phrh bhs vcoths y, co nmoscnuconjh, phrh cb hkjkhoth`jcotm gc bms nm`pbclms jogustrjhbcs. Nmo bms hpmrtcs gc bh psjnmbmkàh, bh cxphosjþo gc bh smnjcghg gc nmosu`m sc hncbcrh jogctcojibc`cotc. Drjcf Icrohrg, co su bjirm Cb ncotcbbcm gcb jonmosnjcotc, gcfjoc hb oucvm `hrdctjok gc. Lh. sjkujcotc `hocrh< ‒Cb prcvjm nmomnj`jcotm gcb `crnhgm cs bm quc, gctcr`joh gcsgc tmgm puotm gc vjsth bhs nhrhntcràstjnhs gc bms prmguntms quc sc gjspmoco phrh nm`uojnhrbms y bh `hocrh co quc sc prmncgcrè.LOm sc trhth yh gc ghr shbjgh h uoh prmgunnjþo conmotrèogmbc uo `crnhgm .]Qmr cb nmotrhrjm< sc fhirjnhrè phrh uo `crnhgm hohbjzhgm gc hotc`hom. Cb puotm gc phrtjgh cs cb `crnhgm, .om cb. prmguntm. Cs pmsjibc vcogcr j`èkcocs nmotcojghs co milctms pmrquc tmgms omsmtrms sm`ms nm`prhgmrcs gc j`èkcocs< cs bm quc sjo ncshr pcrsckuj`ms y h vcncs jonmosnjcotc`cotc". Fuc, sjo c`ihrkm, co Csthgms Sojgms gmogc sc prmgulcrmo bhs prj`crhs rchnnjmocs nmotrh bhs oucvhs njconjhs gcb cokhøm. Jotcbcntuhbcs y cgunhgmrcs, prjonjphb`cotc, gcouonjhrmo bms prmncgj`jcotms c`pbchgms pmr bms vcogcgmrcs nm`m uo htcothgm nmotrh bh gjkojghg eu`hoh. Cb pcrjþgjnm [hbb ^trcct Lmurohb  puibjnþ  puibjnþ uoh omth cgjtmrjhb

 

quc om bh rcpctjràh gcspuês< ‒Cb hfèo gcb em`irc gc ockmnjms pmr prm`mvcr bhs vcoths bm cstè

nmogunjcogm h uo cxtrhøm `uogm scbvètjnm< bh suinmonjconjh‐. Bh jonursjþo co csc ‒cxtrhøm `uogm scbvètjnm gc bh suinmosnjconjh" -sj sc tm`hrh co nucoth hb jogjvjgum gcicràh scr shkrhgm- hrrmlþ shbgms pmsjtjvms co bms ockmnjms. Cb `hrdctjok sc vmbvjþ jofhbjibc y gcfjojtjvm co uoh smnjcghg nuyh `èxj`h hspjrhnjþo cs cb bunrm. Bh pmbàtjnh, co nmoscnuconjh, om pmgàh ghr bh csphbgh h bh oucvh njconjh< h bh jokcojcràh smnjhb m eu`hoh. Wcogràho quc hpbjnhrbh buckm, co cb Wcrncr @uogm, phrh nmomncr h fmogm bh rchbjghg gc csc `crnhgm hotcs gc vcogcrbc su `crnhgcràh pmbàtjnh, nubturhb c jgcmbþkjnh. Co cb Gcphrth`cotm gc Csthgm rhzmohrmo, co cb scotjgm quc sj bms prmncgj`jcotms smo cfcntjvms co su phàs, gcico scrbm jkuhb`cotc co cb rcstm gc bh eu`hojghg, cspcnjhb`cotc phrh bms ehijthotcs gcb Ec`jsfcrjm ^ur nmo `ès gc 511 `jbbmocs gc hohbfhictms. Co bms Csthgms Sojgms ehy vcrghgcrhs hutmrjghgcs co jokcojcràh smnjhb m jokcojcràh eu`hoh, phrh mrkhojzhr h bh smnjcghg y `mbgchr h bms em`ircs h su kustm. Co su cstugjm phrtjnjphrmo om sþbm prmfcsm- ‒rcs co fmr`h hjsbhgh, sjom bhs uojvcrsjghgcs `js`hs nmo hpmym cnmoþ`jnm gc krhogcs c`prcshs. Wmgms cbbms, nmo hr`hs y ihkhlcs fucrmo bbh`hgms h phrtjnjphr co bh pmbàtjnh, prjonjphb`cotc phrh jotckrhrsc hb ‒trust gc ncrcirms‐ quc fjlho bh pmbàtjnh cxtcrjmr gcb j`pcrjm. Nmo cbbms sc gcbjocþ bh cstrhtckjh gc bh gm`johnjþo y sc cbhimrhrmo pbhocs nmonrctms. Bms prmycntms `ès nmomnjgms, pmr cb csnèoghbm quc prmvmnhrmo nmo su gcsnuirj`jcotm, fucrmo cb pbho Nh`cbmt  gcstjohgm  gcstjohgm h rchbjzhr smogcms gc mpjojþo pmbàtjnh co bhs fucrzhs hr`hghs nejbcohs4 cb pbho ^j`pètjnm co Nmbm`ijh4 Cb pbho Nmbmojh co Qcrü y cb lmi 7>1 co Hrkcotjoh. Nhgh uom gc cbbms nmotþ nmo prcsupucstms `jbbmohrjms. Wmgms cstms pbhocs gc cspjmohlc, cxncptm bms quc sc hpbjnhrmo co Qcrü y Nmbm`ijh, csthiho sustcothgms cxnbusjvh`cotc co `êtmgms smnjmbþkjnms, c`pbchgms pmr bh puibjnjghg co bms høms 31, `cgjhotc nucstjmohrjms h scr rcspmogjgms pmr `jbjthrcs co sjtuhnjþo gc hntjvjghg y gc rctjrm. Qcrm crho høms co bms quc yh sc nucstjmohiho pmr jocxhntms bms `ucstrcms gc mpjojþo püibjnh. Bms puibjnjsths ehiàho csthibcnjgm quc crh `unem `ès cfcntjvm `hojpubhr h bh kcotc c jogunjrbh, quc sm`ctcrsc h sus kustms. ‒Bh psjnmbmkàh om smbh`cotc crh uoh prm`csh phrh nm`prcogcr h bh kcotc sjom th`ijêo phrh rckubhr co übtj`h josthonjh su nmogunth‐. 

 

Co cb pbho Nmbmojh y co cb pbho ^j`pètjnm sc utjbjzþ cstc omvàsj`m "hrtc ockrm". Hphrtc gc bms nucstjmohrjms, sc rchbjzhrmo tcsts prmycnthms, jonbuycogm cb tcst gc Ymrsnehne y bms pjntþrjnms gc frustrhnjþo, `êtmgms co imkh phrh cxpbmrhr cb jonmosnjcotc gc bms scrcs eu`homs. Csh cs bh rhzþo pmr bh nuhb co cb pbho ^j`pètjnm phrtjnjphrmo, pmr prj`crh vcz, sjctc psjnþbmkms. Cb gjrcntmr gcb prmycntm crh psjnþbmkm, Omr`ho ^`jte nmo h`pbjh cxpcrjconjh nm`m jovcstjkhgmr `mtjvhnjmohb, sckujgm pmr cb hotrmpþbmkm Emwhrg Nhuff`hoo. Co cb Nh`cbmt   üojnh`cotc jotcrvjojcrmo smnjþbmkms. Co cb Nmbmojh  y co cb ^j`pètjnm  bms psjnþbmkms y hotrmpþbmkms supcrhrmo co oü`crm h bms smnjþbmkms y bms suimrgjohrmo h sus gcnjsjmocs. Co cb bjirm Cspjmohlc co H`êrjnh Bhtjoh gc Krckmrjm ^cbscr sc rcnmkc bh tmthbjghg gc gmnu`cotms gcb pbho Nh`cbmt, bms nucstjmohrjms gcb ^j`pètjnm y gcb  lm  lmi i 7> 7>1, 1, hsà nm`m bms jofmr`cs gc bh Nm`jsjþo Jovcstjkhgmrh gc bh Nè`hrh gc Gjputhgms gc Nejbc. Gc csh gmnu`cothnjþo cxtrhc`ms, co prj`cr bukhr, bms milctjvms pcrsckujgms pmr cb Gcphrth`cotm gc Csthgm y gcb Qcotèkmom quc, phrh csth bhimr gc cspjmohlc psjnm smnjmbþkjnm co bms nuhrtcbcs, conuirjcrmo sus hntjvjghgcs trhs bh fhnehgh gc bh H`crjnho Sojvcrsjty, nmo scgc co [èsejoktmo. Cb prmycntm -rcsubthgm gcb csfucrzm gc 871 prmfcsjmohbcs-høm, rchbjzhgm gurhotc trcs høms y `cgjm phrh gctcr`johr bh pmsjijbjghg gc gcshrrmbbhr uo sjstc`h gc hoèbjsjs gc uo phàs- prmpmrnjmohràh bms `cgjms phrh< 8. Jgcotjfjnhr y `cgjr jogjnhgmrcs y cstj`hr bhs nhushs gc uo nmofbjntm pmtconjhb jotcrom4 9. cstj`hr cb cfcntm gc gjvcrshs hnnjmocs kuicroh`cothbcs quc jofbuyho smirc csc pmtconjhb4 y >. mitcocr, nmoscrvhr y rcnmkcr bh jofmr`hnjþo rcqucrjgh phrh cb sjstc`h hotcrjmr`cotc `conjmohgm. Gcsgc buckm quc tmgh bh jofmr`hnjþo rcnhihgh co bms phàscs gciàh scr ncotrhbjzhgh y prmncshgh pmr cb Qcotèkmom y cb Gcphrth`cotm gc Csthgm gc Csthgms Sojgms. Bms fjocs hphrcotcs crho njcotàfjnms y sjo c`ihrkm, bh `hymràh gc cstms pbhocs sc rchbjzhiho nmo gcsnmomnj`jcotm gcb kmijcrom gc bms phàscs cspjhgms. Som gc bms nucstjmohrjms quc gciàho rcspmogcr bms `jbjthrcs hpèrtc gc kcocrhbjghgcs -co bh fjbjhnjþo sc bcs pcgàh nmosjkohr bh mnuphnjþo y bhs jgchs pmbàtjnhs gcb phgrc y gcb suckrm- cs uoh mirh

991  

`hcstrh phrh csthibcncr cb pcosh`jcotm pmbàtjnm gc nhgh conucsthgm. "Vch`ms hbkuoh prckuoths<

*-^j Sg. tuvjcrh quc csnmkcr cotrc bhs sjkujcotcs nhtckmràhs, ½co nühb gc cbbhs sc uijnhràh Sg. pmbàtjnh`cotc co cstc `m`cotm=< gcrcnejsth, hbkm gcrcnejsth, hbkm jzqujcrgjsth, Jzqujcrgjsth. -Nm`cotc, pmr fhvmr, cb mrjkco gc su gcnjsjþo y cb sjkojfjnhgm quc Sg. htrjiuyc hb nmoncptm scøhbhgm. -Co su mpjojþo bh prmihijbjghg gc uoh kucrrh cotrc Nejbc y hbkuom gc sus vcnjoms om cxjstc, cs `uy pcqucøh, cs csnhsh, m cs krhogc= ½pmgràh cxpbjnhr pmr quê pjcosh hsà= -(Qhrh bms rctjrhgms) Gcsgc quc Sg. sc rctjrþ gcb Clêrnjtm< ½eh pcrtcocnjgm h hbküo phrtjgm pmbàtjnm nm`m `jc`irm= ½Qmgràh jogjnhr`c h nühb= -@jcotrhs Sg. csthih co cb Clêrnjtm< ½sc nmosjgcrhih h sà `js`m nm`m gcrcnejsth, hbkm gcrcnejsth, hbkm jzqujcrgjsth m nm`m jzqujcrgjsth= -Co kcocrhb, ½sj`phtjzhih Sg. co cspcnjhb nmo hbküo phrtjgm pmbàtjnm= -½Nühb pjcosh Sg., cs bh lustjfjnhnjþo ièsjnh gcb gm`jojm njvjb smirc bms `jbjthrcs= -Hb bccr bhs prmpmsjnjmocs sjkujcotcs, bc ruckm quc jogjquc sj cstè< 8. @uy gc hnucrgm. 9. Gc hnucrgm. >. Om tmthb`cotc gc hnucrgm. 7. @uy co gcshnucrgm. 3. Co gcshnucrgm. 6. Om tmthb`cotc co gcshnucrgm. Bcèbhs rèpjgh`cotc y om sc prcmnupc gc nmotrhgjnnjmocs< 8.  Qmr rckbh kcocrhb, co Nejbc bms rjnms gcsprcnjho h bms pmircs. 9.  Qmr rckbh kcocrhb, co Nejbc bms pmircs mgjho h bms rjnms. >.  Bms `htrj`mojms cotrc kcotc gc gjfcrcotc nbhsc smnjhb om smo hnmosclhibcs. 3. Soh nbhsc gc kcotc pmirc cs ocncshrjh. Gc mtrh `hocrh, ½qujêo clcnuthràh bms trhihlms sunjms y ihlms quc gcico ehncrsc= 89.. Bhs nbhscs pmpubhrcs gcico hprcogcr h hncpthr su gcstjom co bh vjgh y h bmkrhr bh 89 fcbjnjghg h trhvês gc bms vhbmrcs cspjrjtuhbcs y gc uoh jotcosh vjgh rcbjkjmsh.

8>.. Bhs nmshs `htcrjhbcs om smo tho j`pmrthotcs. Nhgh uom gcic hprcogcr h hncpthr su 8>

gcstjom co bh vjgh y h conmotrhr fcbjnjghg h trhvês gc uoh fucrtc vjgh cspjrjtuhb y rcbjkjmsh. 9;. Mircrms y c`prcshrjms smo coc`jkms ohturhbcs y ohgjc pucgc nh`ijhr cstc ecnem.

 

95. Qhrh bmkrhr bh lustjnjh smnjhb cs lustm quc cb kmijcrom hu`cotc ihsthotc bms scrvjnjms quc `clmrho bh vjgh gc bms pmircs h trhvês gc `ès j`pucstms quc pcsho smirc bms rjnms. >8. @jcotrhs quc cb sjstc`h nhpjthbjsth bjicrhb shnrjfjnh bms jotcrcscs gc bh `hymràh pmr bms jotcrcscs ckmàsths gcb jogjvjgum, cb smnjhbjs`m shnrjfjnh bhs bjicrthgcs jogjvjguhbcs hb Csthgm. Nejbc gcic tm`hr cb bjgcrhtm hb csthibcncr uoh smnjcghg nrjstjhoh tmthb`cotc oucvh, quc om sch nhpjthbjsth oj smnjhbjsth, bh nuhb prcscrvc cb ijcocsthr gc bh `hymràh y bh bjicrthg jogjvjguhb. >9. Bm quc cb phàs ocncsjth om cs oj cb smnjhbjs`m oj uo utþpjnm tcrncr sjstc`h om smnjhbjsth m nhpjthbjsth‚, sjom uoh scrjc gc rcfmr`hs smnjhbcs y uo `ès hgcnuhgm

sjstc`h gc pbhojfjnhnjþo quc scrvjrè phrh nmostrujr uo fucrtc y vjkmrmsm nhpjthbjs`m co Nejbc. >5. Co bh `cgjgh quc bms trhihlhgmrcs phrtjnjpco co cb prmncsm cnmoþ`jnm-pmbàtjnm y smnjhb ehirè uoh gjs`jounjþo gc bh buneh gc nbhscs. 77. Bh gcsjkuhbghg cs uo ecnem ohturhb quc om pucgc nh`ijhrsc oj huo nmo `cgjghs quc tjcogho h hu`cothr cb ojvcb thotm cnmoþ`jnm nm`m nubturhb gc bhs nbhscs pmpubhrcs 35. Co c`ihrhzms jbckàtj`ms, cb himrtm co `unems nhsms cs bh hbtcrohtjvh `ès rhzmohibc. 59. Qhrh prmtckcr bh nhstjghg gc bhs omvjhs cs ocncshrjh bh prmstjtunjþo. 5>. Cs rhzmohibc quc bms em`ircs tcokho `hymr bjicrthg scxuhb quc bhs `ulcrcs. 8>8.Bh thrch prjonjphb gc bms nejbcoms cs j`pcgjr cb trjuofm gcb `hrxjs`m hpbhsthogm hb nm`uojs`m jotcrohnjmohb.‐  Co su`h, sc trhthih gcuompcrhtjvm gcb Qcotèkmom omrtch`crjnhom phrh csthibcncr bhs tcogconjhs pmbàtjnhs gcotrm gcb clêrnjtm gc nhgh phàs bhtjomh`crjnhom, pucstm quc nmo vhrjhotcs bms milctjvms gc bhs conucsths fucrmo bms `js`ms. Bh conucsth sþbm crh uoh phrtc josjkojfjnhotc gc bms pbhocs Nh`cbmt, ^j`pètjnm, Nmbmojh, ctn. Co cb cstugjm gcb gjscøm omr`htjvm, sc prmpmoàh uo ‒jovcothràm gc mrkhojzhnjmocs smircshbjcotcs quc jonbujràho

pmr bm `coms< h. Qhrtjgms pmbàtjnms i. @mvj`jcotms pmbàtjnms hüo om tmthb`cotc mrkhojzhgms n. Mrkhojzhnjmocs y `mvj`jcotms bhimrhbcs g. Mrkhojzhnjmocs y `mvj`jcotms nh`pcsjoms

999  

c. Mrkhojzhnjmocs y `mvj`jcotms luvcojbcs J. Mrkhojzhnjmocs prmfcsjmohbcs quc hntüho

om sþbm co sus èrchs prmfcsjmohbcs sjom th`ijêo nm`m prcsjþo m krupms gc jotcrês co cb sjstc`h pmbàtjnm k. Mrkhojzhnjmocs y `mvj`jcotms fc`cojoms e. Mrkhojzhnjmocs y `mvj`jcotms rcbjkjmsms." ―Gc bh cvjgconjh gmnu`cothgh y rcfmrzhgh nmo cotrcvjsths pcrsmohbcs h jogjvjgums

nbhvcs, sc mitcogrèo ghtms smirc< h. Qrmkrh`hs hijcrtms i. @cgjms phrh nmosckujr prmkrh`hs n. Yckbhs quc kmijcroho bh hsncosjþo hb bjgcrhtm g. Yckbhs quc kmijcroho cb rcnbuth`jcotm gc sus `jc`irms c. Ycbhnjmocs fmr`hbcs nmo mtrhs mrkhojzhnjmocs f. Nuhgrm gc bh mrkhojzhnjþo jgcotjfjnhogm bh lcrhrquàh gcsgc bh `ès pcqucøh uojghg ehsth cb ojvcb mrkhojzhnjmohb kbmihb.‐ 

^c prmpmoàh h ojvcb jogjvjguhb uo hoèbjsjs gc bms eèijtms y nmstu`ircs. Krckmrjm ^cbscr csthibcnjþ gmnu`cothgh`cotc quc sj`ubtèoch`cotc nmo cb trhihlm gcotrm gc bhs fucrzhs hr`hghs, sc rchbjzhih mtrm pbho Nh`cbmt co bms scrvjnjms gjpbm`ètjnms gc bms phàscs gc H`êrjnh Bhtjoh y cs gc prcvcr, co tmgm cb Wcrncr @uogm. Cb ecnem gc quc cb kmijcrom gc bms Csthgms Sojgms euijcrh nhoncbhgm cstms prmkrh`hs hotc cb csnèoghbm quc sc prmgulm co Nejbc gurhotc cb kmijcrom gc`þnrhthnrjstjhom gc Cguhrgm Frcj om sjkojfjnh quc co bh prèntjnh om sc bms nmotjoüc. Eh trhosnurrjgm gcsgc cotmoncs uo nuhrtm gc sjkbm. Om eh nh`ijhgm bh cstrhtckjh gc gm`johnjþo oj cb ‒fmrthbcnj`jcotm gc bh sckurjghg gc bms Csthgms Sojgms y gcb `uogm bjirc‐. Co cstms

vcjotjnjonm høms cb gcshrrmbbm tcnombþkjnm gc bhs nm`uojnhnjmocs eh sjgm rchb`cotc rcvmbunjmohrjm y hbunjohotc.LGcb cspjmohlc smnjmbþkjnm sc eh phshgm h bh gm`johnjþo psjnmbþkjnh, nuyms phsms ¡ojghbcs sc nmomnjcrmo co cb nh`pm gc bh puibjnjghg nm`crnjhb nmo cf om`irc gc prmphkhogh suibj`johb. Cb Nmokrcsm gc Nejbc nm`prmiþ bh fmr`h nþ`m phrh cb cspjmohlc `hsjvm, prj`crm smnjmbþkjnm y hemrh psjnmbþkjnm y `mtjvhnjmohb, ehiàho phrtjnjphgm cb Clêrnjtm gc Csthgms Sojgms, cb Gcphrth`cotm gc Csthgm, uojvcrsjghgcs, fuoghnjmocs y `mompmbjms. Bh prmpjh NÀH hg`jtjþ, pmr gcnbhrhnjmocs gcb nmrmocb Cgwhrg Bhoghbcquc‒cb51%gc bhs jovcstjkhnjmocs njcotàfjnhs, co njconjhs ohturhbcs m smnjhbcs quc sc

99>  

rchbjzho gcotrm y fucrh gc Csthgms Sojgms smo gjrjkjghs y fjohonjhghs pmr cb Qcotèkmom". Gc bh `js`h `hocrh quc cb Qbho Nh`cbmt hphrcnjþ jojnjhb`cotc fjohonjhgm y gjrjkjgm pmr bh H`crjnho Sojvcrsjty, co mtrhs mpmrtuojghgcs qujcocs gho bh nhrh smo bhs fuoghnjmocs, cspcnjhb`cotc bh Fuoghnjþo Fmrg, bh  bh Ymndcfcbbcr  y  y bh Nhrockjc, cotrc mtrhs.

Fuoghnjmocs< bh hyugh quc `hth Bhs fuoghnjmocs omrtch`crjnhohs smo uoh iucoh nmicrturh phrh cb cspjmohlc psjnmsmnjmbþkjnm. Ycnjcotc`cotc nmmrgjoho sus hnnjmocs `cgjhotc uo nm`jtê hscsmr, cotrc nuyms gjrjkcotcs sc nucoth h Ymicrt @c Øh`hrh y h Ecory Djssjokcr. Csths fuoghnjmocs eho ncotrhgm su htconjþo y hyugh h bhs uojvcrsjghgcs prjvhghs, hsà nm`m hb fjohonjh`jcotm gc ncotrms gc jovcstjkhnjþo quc, co cb Wcrncr @uogm sc nucotho pmr ncotcohrcs. Bh `hymràh gc bms ncotrms gc jovcstjkhnjþo smnjhb smstcojgms pmr fuoghnjmocs omrtch`crjnhohs nu`pbco uo j`pmrthotc phpcb< rchbjzho cstugjms smnjmbþkjnms, hotrmpmbþkjnms y cnmoþ`jnms smirc hsuotms nmjonjgcotcs nmo bms quc sc prmpusjcrmo nmo cb fhbbjgm pbho Nh`cbmt. Co cstms ncotrms ehy bjicrthg gc jojnjhtjvh phrh scbcnnjmohr bms tc`hs, pcrm smo bhs ncotrhbcs gc bhs fuoghnjmocs bhs quc bms hpruciho m gcshpruciho. Gc csth `hocrh smo bms prmfcsjmohbcs ohtjvms bms quc sc conhrkho gc rcnmpjbhr bh jofmr`hnjþo, rchbjzhr bms smogcms y bhs cxpcrjconjhs gc krupm, cbhimrhr sus prmpjhs nmonbusjmocs y `unehs vcncs tcocr bh shtjsfhnnjþo gc vcr sus trhihlms cgjthgms co bjirms m fmbbctms. Wmgm csc `htcrjhb cs covjhgm h bh fuoghnjþo om sþbm phrh quc nmotc`pbco bh mirh nm`m cb trhihlm gc bms iucoms `unehnems y buckm bm hrnejvco. Om. Wmghs bhs jofmr`hnjmocs smo ncotrhbjzhghs y hbj`cotho bhs nm`puthgmrcs gcb Qcotèkmom y gcb Gcphrth`cotm gc Csthgm. Gcfjojtjvh`cotc, bhs fuoghnjmocs om smo jostjtunjmocs gcsjotcrcshghs oj gc icocfjnconjh. Hb nmbhimrhr nmo cstugjhotcs, ckrcshgms y prmfcsjmohbcs gc njconjhs smnjhbcs cstèo nu`pbjcogm fjocs phtrjþtjnms, pcrm phrh sus phàscs gc mrjkco. Cstc prmncgj`jcotm tjcoc bh vcothlh quc smo bms prmpjms ohtjvms, nmo `clmrcs nmomnj`jcotms gc su `cgjm, gc sus nmstu`ircs

 

y ehsth gc sus gjhbcntms, bms quc rchbjzho bh thrch. Gc phsm, cb conhrkhgm gcb trhihlm, hb pbhotchr sus nmonbusjmocs cstè ghogm h nmomncr su prmpjh pmsjnjþo jgcmbþkjnh. Csth cs uoh vcothlh hgjnjmohb pucstm quc bhs nmonbusjmocs smo rcsubthgm gc uoh þptjnh gjstjoth h bh gcbfjohonjhgmr. ^c utjbjzh co nmoscnuconjh, tmgms bms ghtms gcb cstugjm phrh fmr`ubhr sus prmpjhs nmonbusjmocs y sc nmomnc hb `js`m tjc`pm bh fmr`h co quc smo vjstms pmr prmfcsjmohbcs jogcpcogjcotcs y ehsth gc fmr`hnjþo hotjj`pcrjhbjsth. Bhs fuoghnjmocs omrtch`crjnhohs nu`pbco mtrm phpcb j`pmrthotc h trhvês gc sus ncotrms gc jovcstjkhnjþo. Wjcogco sus rcgcs phrh htrhphr h bms cstugjhotcs `ès gjstjokujgms y h prmfcsjmohbcs lþvcocs y nhphnjthgms. Qrmfcsjmohbcs co njconjhs smnjhbcs quc co bms phàscs gcb Wcrncr @uogm om tjcoco `unehs pmsjijbjghgcs phrh hpbjnhr sus nmomnj`jcotms y sc gcgjnho, kcocrhb`cotc phrh smircvjvjr, h bh coscøhozh, conucotrho co bms ncotrms uoh mpmrtuojghg gc prm`mnjþo cnmoþ`jnh y prmfcsjmohb. Qhrh `unems gc cbbms puibjnhr sus cstugjms cs uoh mpmrtuojghg j`pmsjibc fucrh gc uo ncotrm. Qhrh hbkuoms prmfcsjmohbcs gc bh smnjmbmkàh co cb Wcrncr @uogm, vjvjr fucrh gcb prcsupucstm gc bhs fuoghnjmocs cs vjvjr co cb crrmr. Qhrh vhrjms gc cbbms, bms ncotrms nmostjtuyco sjo c`ihrkm, uoh nhstrhnjþo pmbàtjnh. ^mo nmomnjgms co bhs uojvcrsjghgcs bhtjomh`crjnhohs nhsms gc cstugjhotcs rhgjnhbcs gc jzqujcrgh quc smo nmovmnhgms hb ncotrm phrh rchbjzhr nmo uo sucbgm co gþbhrcs cb trhihlm quc pmr su vmnhnjþo y pmsjnjþo pmbàtjnh bm ehràho gcsjotcrcsh`cotc. Buckm tjcoco bh mpmrtuojghg gc vcr su mirh co bctrhs gc j`prcoth y hncptho cb sjkujcotc conhrkm. Hb pmnm tjc`pm, gc joncogjhrjms gcvjcoco co im`icrms. Bh ncotrmfjbjh cotrc bms ckrcshgms gc njconjhs smnjhbcs gcb Wcrncr @uogm sc eh prcscothgm nm`m cpjgc`jh. Bh fuoghnjþo bcs mfrcnc pcrspcntjvhs cnmoþ`jnhs y hsncosm smnjhb. Cb nh`jom cs prcphrhr uo prmycntm quc nmjonjgh nmo cb jotcrês gc bh ncotrhb. Jojnjhb`cotc sc nrcàh quc uoh iucoh jojnjhtjvh pmgàh scr hprmihgh. ^jo c`ihrkm, bh rchbjghg cs quc sþbm ehy hyugh phrh bms quc sc gcgjnho h cstugjhr bms hsuotms quc jotcrcsho h bh cotjghg icocfhntmrh. Bms quc `ès pmgcr tjcoco co bms ncotrms smo hqucbbms quc nmomnco ijco y cstèo hb gàh nmo •ms prmycntms gc bh fuoghnjþo.   H bm bmss hspj hspjrh rhot otcs cs bc bcss su sukc kcrj rj`m `mss quc iu iusq squc uco o cb bj bjir irm m gc Kr Krck ckm mrjm rjm ^cb cbsc scrr y cxh` cxh`jjoco bms pbhocs Nh`cbmt, ^j`pètjnm, Nmbmojh y lm  y lmi i 71> quc cstèo trhosnrjtms co su jotckrjghg co cb hpêogjnc. Nuhbqujcr tc`h

 

quc cbjlho y prmpmokho nm`m prmycntm scrè hprmihgm gc jo`cgjhtm pmr bh Fuoghnjþo Fmrg,  bh Ymndcfcbbcr m  nuhbqujcrh mtrh omrtch`crjnhoh. Hb fjo y hb nhim cb 51% gc cstms trhihlms cstèo fjohonjhgms, pmr bm ihlm, pmr cb Qcotèkmom, scküo prmpjh nmofcsjþo. Gc `hocrh quc qujco cbjlh csc nh`jom, sjo ghrsc nucoth pucgc csthr trhihlhogm hb scrvjnjm gc bh tcrncrh nmbmojzhnjþo. ^j bhs fuoghnjmocs euijcrho cxjstjgm cb sjkbm phshgm, nuhogm Nhrbms @hrx crh cstugjhotc y phshih frcnucotcs hyuoms jovmbuothrjms y bm euijcrho nmoqujsthgm phrh quc rchbjnc sus trhihlms njcotàfjnms pmr nucoth gcb ncotrm m gc bh fuoghnjþo, nmo sckurjghg quc vhrjms `jc`irms gc su fh`jbjh bc ehiràho smircvjvjgm, pucstm quc sus ejlms `urjcrmo pmr cb `hb cogê`jnm gc bh pmirczh. Cs pmsjibc quc Cb Nhpjthb, @jscrjh gc bh fjbmsmfàh m Bh shkrhgh  fh  fh`j `jbj bjh, h,  csthràho `uy ijco kuhrghgms co cb hrnejvm m co bh ijibjmtcnh gc bh fuoghnjþo. Qrmihibc`cotc, co csc nhsm, cb @hojfjcstm nm`uojsth om euijcrh sjgm csnrjtm. ^cràh pcnhr gc jokcoujghg, nrccr quc bh hyugh gc bhs fuoghnjmocs cs gcsjotcrcshgh y kcocrmsh, uoh cspcnjc gc gègjvh quc gho bms pmgcrmsms h bms suigcshrrmbbhgms phrh qucghr ijco nmo sus nmonjconjhs. H pcshr gc quc bhs fuoghnjmocs, pmr gcfjojnjþo gc gcrcnem, smo pcrsmohs luràgjnhs gcgjnhghs h bh icocfjnconjh y h bh pjcghg m hb fm`cotm gc gctcr`johghs mirhs pmr vmbuothg cxprcsh gc bms gmohotcs -h vcncs bh übtj`h vmbuothg tcsth`cothrjh-, bh `hymràh gc bhs bckjsbhnjmocs hnucrgho fhnjbjghgcs y icocfjnjms trjiuthrjms h bhs pcrsmohs m cotjghgcs quc ehnco gmohtjvms phrh bhs fuoghnjmocs y h êsths `js`hs. Bh bckjsbhnjþo omrtch`crjnhoh cs kcocrmsh nmo bms nhpjthbjsths quc nrcho m nmotrjiuyco h cstms fjocs, pucstm quc bhs su`hs quc mtmrkho smo gcgunjghs m rcihlhghs gc bms j`pucstms. Ehy uoh cxconjþo hgjnjmohb hnmrghgh phrh bhs quc hyugho h bms phàscs co vàhs gc gcshrrmbbm. Cxjstc co nmoscnuconjh uo nmotrmb bckhb phrh quc cstc rcqujsjtm sc nu`pbh. Om cs nhsuhb quc bhs fuoghnjmocs omrtch`crjnhohs -h gjfcrconjh gc hbkuohs curmpchs- om nmotrjiuyho h mirhs nmonrcths gc gcshrrmbbm co bms phàscs suigcshrrmbbhgms. ^u prcfcrconjh -hphrtc gc cvcotuhbcs huxjbjms nmo cxncgcotcs hbj`cothrjms- sc nmonrcth hb fm`cotm gc bms cstugjms c jovcstjkhnjmocs smnjhbcs. Cstms prmycntms omr`hb`cotc cstèo fucrh gc bhs prcmnuphnjmocs gc bms clcnutjvms gc bhs c`prcshs gmohotcs, kcocrhb`cotc trhosohnjmohbcs pctrmbcrhs, fjohonjcrhs c jogustrjhbcs.

 

Bhs fuoghnjmocs omrtch`crjnhohs phrh hyughr hb Wcrncr @uogm, pm cstèo prcmnuphghs pmr bh sucrtc gc bms pmircs -shbvm nm`m `crnhgm- sjom pmr bh pmbàtjnh cxtcrjmr gc Csthgms Sojgms, co bh gcfcosh gc sus prmpjms jotcrcscs. Om ehy quc mbvjghr quc phrh bms `cotmrcs gc csh pmbàtjnh, bh smicrhoàh gc Csthgms Sojgms hbnhozh ehsth gmogc bbckho sus jotcrcscs. ^c trhth gcb üojnm phàs gc bh tjcrrh nmo frmotcrhs cbèstjnhs. Co bhs cxpbmthnjmocs pctrmbcrhs, pmr clc`pbm, ehy uoh frhsc `uy nmomnjgh< bh ihogcrh omrtch`crjnhoh prcncgc h bms kcþbmkms. Bh gcfcosh gcb ‒`uogm bjirc‐ om cs

mtrh nmsh quc bh gcfcosh gc bhs c`prcshs trhosohnjmohbcs. Mtrh thrch quc nu`pbco bhs krhogcs fuoghnjmocs omrtch`crjnhohs cs bh gc corjqucncr sus nuhgrms prmfcsjmohbcs co cb cxtcrjmr y, co mnhsjmocs, trhsbhghrbms h bh `ctrþpmbj co csh nhncràh gc njcotàfjnms m trhth gc ncrcirms‐ quc eh sustjtujgm h bh ‒trhth gc ockrms‐ gc bms sjkbms phshgms.  Bms gjrjkcotcs gc csths fuoghnjmocs hphrcotc`cotc fjbhotrþpjnhs nmbhimrho cstrcneh`cotc nmo cb Gcphrth`cotm gc Csthgm y nmo cb Qcotèkmom `cgjhotc bh gm`johnjþo nubturhb, nm`m uo gcicr gc rcnjprmnjghg pmr bh prmtcnnjþo pmbàtjnh, gjpbm`ètjnh y `jbjthr quc rcnjico sus ockmnjms co tmgm cb `uogm. Qrcnjsh`cotc, uo ^cnrcthrjm gc Nm`crnjm gc Csthgms Sojgms hfjr`þ co bh Whx Fmuoghtjmo quc ‒sj bms prmkrh`hs gc hyugh, om sþbm cnmoþ`jnh sjom th`ijêo `jbjthr, fucsco jotcrru`pjgms, bhs jovcrsjmocs phrtjnubhrcs co cb cxtrholcrm pmgràho scr uo gcspjbfhrrm, pmrquc om kmzhràho gc bh sufjnjcotc sckurjghg phrh quc ustcgcs nmrrjcrho cb rjcskm gc cfcntuhrbhs‐6. Bms c`prcshrjms gc trhosohnjmohbcs -quc pmr bhs vcothlhs trjiuthrjhs sc nmovjcrtco co fjbèotrmpms h trhvês gc bhs fuoghnjmocs- nm`phrtco pbcoh`cotc bhs phbhirhs gcb cx-prcsjgcotc Dcoocgy co su Cstrhtckjh phrh bh phz31 rcvjsths y nmotrmbh gcsgc 8:57 cb Ghjby @brrmrþc  Bmogrcs, sc nmosjgcrh yh prmpjcthrjm gc Bh Yhzþoþc  Iucoms Hjrcs. Cb oucvm kmijcrom hrkcotjom gcb prcsjgcotc @coc`, phrcnc quc eh bmkrhgm njnhtrjzhr bhs ecrjghs gc bh Kucrrh gc bhs @hbvjohs. Qmr bm `coms uom gc bms prjonjphbcs gjhrjms hrkcotjoms phshrè hb nmotrmb gcb _jtmr h`jkm gc bh scømrh Wehtnecr. Co Irhsjb, cb krupm Njvjth cstè vjonubhgm cnmoþ`jnh`cotc h bh [hbt Gjsocy Qrmguntjmos y h bh cgjtmrh

 

Wj`c hog Sfc.  Co Nejbc, cb nmomnjgm krupm Cgwhrgs, prmpjcthrjm gc Cb @crnurjm y gc

scscoth c`prcshs gc nm`uojnhnjþo `ès, cs co rchbjghg smnjm `comr gcb krupm Ymndcfcbbcr. Hkustào Cgwhrgs eh sjgm vjncprcsjgcotc gc Qcpsj-Nmbh Jotcrohnjmohb, c`prcsh quc tuvm nm`m hscsmr bckhb h Yjnehrg Ojxmo. @jcotrhs Cgwhrgs mnuphih cb sckuogm nhrkm `ès j`pmrthotc gc bh Qcpsj, cb prj`crm, nm`m prcsjgcotc, bm mnuphih Gmohbg Dcoghbb, prcsjgcotc h su vcz gcb Nmuonjb mf H`crjnh quc cs bh cotjghg quc fjohonjh cb ;1 pmr njcotm gc bh puibjnjghg nm`crnjhb co H`êrjnh Bhtjoh. Nm`m sj fucrh pmnm, bhs fèirjnhs gc phpcb pcrjþgjnm nejbcom quc hihstcnco h bh `hymr phrtc gc bh prcosh gc bms phàscs gc bh nmsth mnnjgcothb gcb Qhnàfjnm ^ur, smo gc prmpjcghg gc bh trhosohnjmohb Nrmwo \cbbcrihne. Cb phpcb `cxjnhom th`pmnm cs gc @êxjnm, sjom gc bh Dj`icrby Nbhrd. Qcrm cs nmo cb usm gc bms shtêbjtcs quc bh tcbcvjsjþo bhtjomh`crjnhoh eh jonrc`cothgm su gcpcogconjh gcb j`pcrjm. Co kcocrhb bms `cgjms gc nm`uojnhnjþo bhtjomh`crjnhoms pmgràho om scr tmghvàh hpctcnjgms pmr bhs krhogcs trhosohnjmohbcs, pmr bh rhzþo cbc`cothb quc bms tjcoco yh h -ehrgwhrc- y pmr su om phrh sþbm pmr bh gcpcogconjh gc sus cqujpmsy ygctcnombmkàhs bmsscrvjnjm, `htcrjhbcs sus prmkrh`hnjmocs jofmr`htjvhs cotrctcoj`jcotm -smftwhrc-, sjom pmr bh jgcotjghg gc bms krupms ohtjvms gc pmgcr nmo bms jotcrcscs y bh pmbàtjnh omrtch`crjnhoh. Qcrm jonbusm h ojvcb ohnjmohb, sc eh jojnjhgm bh nrchnjþo gc nhgcohs gc nm`pbclms gc nm`uojnhnjþo. Wcbcvjsh gc @êxjnm quc crh üojnh ehsth ehnc pmnm, eh sjgm supcrhgh h`pbjh`cotc pmr bh Nhgcoh M‚ Kbmim (Ycgc Kbmim), bh kjkhotc irhsjbcøh nmosjgcrhgh nm`m bh nuhrth rcg nm`crnjhb gc tcbcvjsjþo gcb `uogm, jo`cgjhth`cotc gcspuês gc bhs omrtch`crjnhohs HI  HIN, N, OI OIN N y NI^.  Ycgc Kbmim  cs prmpjcghg gc Ymicrtm @hrjoem. Wjcoc `ès gc ;1 c`jsmrhs gc tcbcvjsjþo co cb Irhsjb, tmghs cbbhs nm`uojnhghs pmr shtêbjtc. Som smbm gc sus jofmr`htjvms quc sc trhos`jtc gc 5 h : gc bh omnec -M Lmrohb Ohnjmohb- sc nhbnubh quc cs vjstm pmr 31 `jbbmocs gc pcrsmohs. @hrjoem gcnjgc quê sc gjfuogc y quê sc csnmogc. Qhrh 31 `jbbmocs gc irhsjbcøms, bm quc @hrjoem om qujcrc quc sc gjvubkuc, sj`pbc`cotc om eh suncgjgm oj co cb Irhsjb oj co cb `uogm. ^þbm sc shic bm quc @hrjoem gcsch quc sc scph. Wmgm bm gc`ès om cxjstc. Qcrtcocnc h csth nhgcoh, cotrc gcncohs gc puibjnhnjmocs, cb gjhrjm M‚ Kbmim. Bh `hymràh gc bms gc`ès `cgjms gc nm`uojnhnjþo

931

 

gcb Irhsjb pcrtcocnco h bh fh`jbjh Imne, prmpjcthrjh gc bh Ycgc @èonectc.  Cb prcsjgcotc gc bh Sojþo Hbc`hoh gc Qcrjmgjsths, [c`cr Yu- gmbpe, hfjr`þ quc co su phàs, bh Ycpüibjnh Fcgcrhb Hbc`hoh, ‒co bh nuconh gcb Yuer gmogc vjvco nhsj qujonc

`jbbmocs gc ehijthotcs, cxjstc co rchbjghg sþbm uo cgjtmr gc prcosh. Co csth sjtuhnjþo om pucgm gcsnhrthr quc êb tcokh bh pmsjijbjghg gc j`pcgjr bh puibjnhnjþo gc hbkm y gc mnubthr jofmr`hnjmocs gcshkrhghibcs phrh êb. Bm j`pmrthotc om cs sj bm ehnc gc vcrghg sjom cb ecnem gc quc sch pmsjibc. Om pmgc`ms nmofmr`hroms nmo quc ehyh bukhrcs gmogc uo pcrjmgjsth om tcokh bh pmsjijbjghg gc conmotrhr uoh trjiuoh phrh sus nrjtcrjms. Cs uo prmibc`h co cb quc gcicràh`ms pcoshr tmgms. ^j buneh`ms pmr bh bjicrthg gc phbhirh, tjcoc quc ehicrth`ijêo bh bjicrthg gc phbhirh phrh cb mtrm" 9. Cstc rhzmoh`jcotm bm pmgràh rcpctjr nuhbqujcr pcrjmgjsth omrtch`crjnhom quc pmr om rcouonjhr h sus prjonjpjms om sc cormbc h bhs fh`mshs c`prcshs quc cstèo nmoncotrhogm tmgms jms `cgjms gc nm`uojnhnjþo. Csthgms Sojgms cs emy cb `mgcbm gmogc `jbcs gc pcrjmgjsths ‒om tjcoco bh pmsjijbjghg gc conmotrhr uoh trjiuoh phrh sus nrjtcrjms‚'. Bms gc`ès, bms quc

pcrtcocnco h bh pbhojbbh gc bhs nhgcohs, sj`pbc`cotc cstèo phrh`ctrhgms. Bm csnrjijþ cb nmbu`ojsth Yusscb Ihdcr gcb Ocw Zmrd Wj`cs cb ; gc cocrm gc 8:55, nmo bhs sjkujcotcs phbhirhs< ‒Nuhogm bms pcrjmgjsths c`pjczho h utjbjzhr is `js `ms cuàc`js`msquc.cb Qcotèkmom, pucgc uom hpmsthr bm quc qujcrh, quc om cstèo jovcothgm sus prmpjms nbjneês, sjom h`pbjfjnhogm uoh `cbmgàh quc cb kmijcrom gcsch quc sc krhic co bh `c`mrjh püibjnh‐.  Om sc rcqujcrc gc `unem csfucrzm jotcbcntuhb phrh j`hkjohr nþ`m sc ‒h`pbjfjnh uoh `cbmgàh‐ nmo uoh nmoncotrhnjþo gc `cgjms nm`m bh sjkujcotc< bh nhgcoh gc

pcrjþgjnms Khooctt, nmo nhsj uo ncotcohr gc gjhrjms co Csthgms Sojgms, jojnjþ su jotckrhnjþo nmo tcbcvjsjþo, njoc, `hrdctjok y puibjnjghg. ^u fjbjhb Khtcwhy Fjb`s hgqujrjþ co 8:56 bh c`prcsh Bhjrg Jotcrohtjmohb ^tugjcs gcstjohgh h prmgunjr prmkrh`hs phrh bh tcbcvjsjþo. ^us jotcrcscs y puibjnhnjmocs, nm`m cb krho gjhrjm S^H WMGHZ ,  sc j`prj`c y njrnubh co tmghs bhs njughgcs gc Csthgms Sojgms y co vhrjhs nhpjthbcs curmpchs y ncotrmh`crjnhohs. Khooctt tjcoc gcncohs gc pcrjþgjnms co Nhøhgh, \urjne, Bmogrcs, Emok Dmok, ^jokhpur, Ehwhj, Kuh` c Jsbhs Vàrkcocs. Qhrh quc sc tcokh uoh jgch nbhrh gc bm quc cs uo `mompmbjm gc `cgjms gc nm`uojnhnjþo, co bhs pèkjohs 936-961 sc `ucstrh bh rcbhnjþo gc rc

 

vjsths, pcrjþgjnms, csthnjmocs gc rhgjm y tcbcvjsjþo, fèirjnhs gc phpcb, hkconjhs gc puibjnjghg, c`prcshs gc njoc, cotrc mtrhs, gc prmpjcghg gcb scømr Khooctt. ^c jogjnho hgc`ès, bms prmycntms gc cxphosjþo jotcrohnjmohb gc cstc kjkhotc gc bh nm`uojnhnjþo, scküo gcnbhrhnjþo gc is `jc`irms gc su gjrcntmrjm, cotrc bms quc fjkurh bh scømrh Ymshbjoc gc Nèrtcr, cspmsh gcb cx-prcsjgcotc gc Csthgms Sojgms. Cb krupm Khooctt co 91 høms eh cbcvhgm sus khohonjhs gc 86.: `jbbmocs gc gþbhrcs co 8:56 h >8:.7 `jbbmocs co 8:5;. Bh nmomnjgh c`prcsh gc imbsh Gmw Lmocs, prmpjcthrjh gcb [hbb ^trcct Lmurohb  y  y gc bh om `coms nmomnjgh cgjtmrjhb @n@jbbho, hnhih gc shbthr cb Htbèotjnm phrh hgqujrjr phrtc gcb hnnjmohrjhgm gc bh cgjtmrjhb frhoncsh Cxphosjþo, prmpjcghg gc bh fh`jbjh ^crvho-^nercjicr. Cb krupm Echrst, gucøm gc uoh gc bhs gjcz `ès j`pmrthotcs nhgcohs gc gjhrjms, eh høhgjgm co 8:55 uo csbhiþo `ès, cb Emustmo Nermojnbc, h nh`ijm gc 783 `jbbmocs gc gþbhrcs. Echrst mpcrh co ;1 phàscs, `cgjhotc 89 puibjnhnjmocs. Eh jotckrhgm h su j`pcrjm, hgc`ès, 6 csthnjmocs gc tcbcvjsjþo y ; gc rhgjm. Mtrm kjkhotc gc bhs nm`uojnhnjmocs -thb vcz cb `hymr- cs cb hustrhbjhom, ohnjmohbjzhgm omrtch`crjnhom, Yupcrt @urgmne, nmo jotcrcscs co nuhtrm nmotjocotcs. Nm`m Khooctt, @urgmne cs prmpjcthrjm gc `ès gc uo ncotcohr gc puibjnhnjmocs cotrc pcrjþgjnms, rcvjsths, imbctjocs cspcnjhbjzhgms, hsà nm`m gc cstugjms njoc`htmkrèfjnms, csthnjmocs gc rhgjm y gc tcbcvjsjþo co Csthgms Sojgms. Co 8:5; @urgmne fuogþ bh nuhrth nhgcoh gc bh tcbcvjsjþo omrtch`crjnhoh, bh Fmx Irmhgnhstjok Nmrpmrhtjmo (FIN) co ihsc h bh nm`prh gc @ctrm `cgjh  pmsccgmrh gc ; j`pmrthotcs nhohbcs omrtch`crjnhoms. Qhrh ghr htrhnnjþo h bh FIN, @urgmne hgqujrjþ 9 311 pcbànubhs gc bh 91te Ncotury Fmx co 311 `jbbmocs gc gþbhrcs. Bh FIN gc @urgmne sc trhosohnjmohbjzþ gc jo`cgjhtm. Qmr vàh shtêbjtc c`phb`h su nhgcoh h Curmph mnnjgcothb phrh nmocnthrbh h su rcg gc tcbcvjsmrhs ^dy Nehoocby, pmr mtrm bhgm, h bh nhgcoh gc tcbcvjsjþo, Ocws Bj`jtcg, quc pmscc co Hustrhbjh. ^us jotcrcscs cnmoþ`jnms phrcnco scr j`pmrthotcs co Buxc`iurkm, pucstm quc utjbjzh nmo cxnbusjvjghg nuhtrm nhohbcs gc trhos`jsjþo gcb shtêbjtc Hstrh gc bh ^C^ (Buxc`iurkm) bhozhgm co gjnjc`irc gc 8:55. Co mntuirc gc 8::1 scrè pucstm co þrijth cb sckuogm shtêbjtc Hstrh, co cb quc @urgmne tjcoc yh rcscrvhgms bms nhohbcs quc bc pcr`jtjrèo cxtcogcr bhs trhs`jsjmocs gc su ^dy Nehoocbh Curmph scptcotrjmohb, Csnmnjh y Gjoh`hrnh.

 

@urgmne om gcsnujgh, sjo c`ihrkm, sckujr nrcnjcogm nmo bh prcosh csnrjth. Nmo bh hgqujsjnjþo gcb krupm Ecrhbghog [ccdby Wj`cs nmotrmbh cb 65 pmr njcotm gc bh njrnubhnjþo gc gjhrjms co Hustrhbjh, hgc`ès gc bh rhgjm y bh tcbcvjsjþo. Bms jotcrcscs gc @urgmne cstèo yh co cb Ncrnhom y cb Bclhom Mrjcotc. Hgqujrjþ cb 31 pmr njcotm gcb ^mute Nejoh @mrojok Qmst  y  y gc bh Fhr Chstcro Cnmom`jn Ycvjcw , cgjthghs co Emok Dmok. Co Jsrhcb cs gucøm gcb sc`hohrjm co ecircm Bh Joyho gc Wcb Hvjv. Co Frhonjh, hsmnjhgm nmo Eènectc, cgjth rcvjsths gc krho

njrnubhnjþo, nm`m bh fc`cojoh Cbbc  gc gjstrjiunjþo `uogjhb y uo sc`hohrjm cspcnjhbjzhgm phrh bh luvcotug. Fucrh gc su j`pcrjm gc phpcb j`prcsm y gc su nuhrth nhgcoh gc tcbcvjsjþo co Csthgms Sojgms, Curmph y Hustrhbjh, @urgmne eh nmoqujsthgm Jokbhtcrrh. Hbbà cs cb `hymr hnnjmojsth gc bh c`prcsh Ocws Jotcrohtjmohb, prmpjcthrjh ohgh `coms quc gc Wec Wj`cs gc Bmogrcs y gc trcs cstrcbbhs `ès gcb pcrjmgjs`m< ^uoghy Wj`cs, ^uo  y Ocws mf tec [mrbg.  ^u übtj`h hgqujsjnjþo, nmo bh nuhb sc nmovjcrtc co prmpjcthrjm gc njonm j`pmrthotcs pcrjþgjnms, cs cb gjhrjm irjtèojnm Wmghy.  Bh rh`h gc bh jofmr`ètjnh quc cxpbmth bh eh cspcnjhbjzhgm, pmr cb `m`cotm, co uo scrvjnjm gc rcscrvhnjmocs gc emtcbcs y gc phshlcs h ojvcb `uogjhb, h trhvês gc su c`prcsh Stcbb Jotcrohtjmohb Btg. Co ihsc h csc scrvjnjm, cgjth y gjstrjiuyc co emtcbcs, nm`phøàhs gc hvjhnjþo y hkconjhs gc turjs`m gc `ès gc `cgjm `uogm, ncrnh gc 91 pcrjþgjnms cspcnjhbjzhgms co vjhlcs y turjs`m. ^c gh pmr gcsnmothgm quc nmo bh jofmr`ètjnh quc pmscc, prmotm `mompmbjzhrè bh puibjnhnjþo gc rcvjsths cspcnjhbjzhghs. Om ehy hntjvjghg co bh nm`uojnhnjþo quc @urgmne gcsnujgc. Gcsgc su fèirjnh gc phpcb co @cbimuroc ehsth uoh c`prcsh gc nmbmnhnjþo gc supbc`cotms puibjnjthrjms, cb Frcc ^thogjok Joscrà, nmo uoh jovcrsjþo gc 561 `jbbmocs gc gþbhrcs. Qmscc jkuhb`cotc hkconjhs gc puibjnjghg y gc `crnhgmtcnojh, nm`m Xuhg @hrdctjok y Qrmgunt @mvcrs gc Oucvh Zmrd. Bh fmrtuoh gc Yupcrt @urgmne sc cstj`hih co 8:55 co ncrnh gc 87 `jb `jbbmocs gc gþbhrcs -jkuhb h bh gcugh cxtcroh gc Qcrü co 8:56- jovcrtjgms co `cgjms gc nm`uojnhnjþo, hgc`ès gc bh nm`phøàh gc hvjhnjþo Hosctt (WOW)  nmo ihsc co ^jgocy. Nmo csh fhiubmsh jovcrsjþo, tjcoc cb pmgcr pmbàtjnm sufjnjcotc phrh jofbujr co bhs cbcnnjmocs gc Csthgms Sojgms h fhvmr gc bms rcpuibjnhoms. Co Jokbhtcrrh, bh nmoscrvhgmrh Wehtnecr bc kuhrgh krhtjtug pmr cb hpmym irjoghgm phrh sus suncsjvhs rccbcnnjmocs y, co Hustrhbjh, su j`pcrjm cs gcnjsjvm phrh

 

 

quc cb smnjhbgc`þnrhth Ymicrt Ehwdc nmotjoüc nm`m prcsjgcotc joh`mvjibc gc csc phàs. ^u pmgcràm cs tho krhogc quc om eh tcojgm prmibc`hs phrh rm`pcr mrkhojzhnjmocs sjogjnhbcs y covjhr h bh gcsmnuphnjþo h `jbcshbgc trhihlhgmrcs y pcrjmgjsths Jokbhtcrrh y co su cx-phàs, quc phrcnc quc krèfjnms j`puoc`cotc bc ijrbhco j`pucstms y mitjcoc fhnjbjghgcs y icocfjnjms csththbcs. Soh pcrjmgjsth hustrhbjhoh, Kbcogh Dmrpmrhhb, cspcnjhbjzhgh co hsuotms cnmoþ`jnms y fjohonjcrms, sc eh gcgjnhgm h bh jovcstjkhnjþo gc bhs hntjvjghgcs gcb j`pcrjm gc @urgmne. Cbbh gc`mstrþ quc bhs nucoths quc @urgmne prcscoth co Csthgms Sojgms om nmonucrgho nmo bhs quc gcnbhrh co Hustrhbjh. Gcsgc buckm quc Kbcogh om tjcoc bjicrthg gc prcosh phrh puibjnhr sus gcsnuirj`jcotms co uo `cgjm gc nm`uojnhnjþo gc su phàs y tjcoc quc rcfukjhrsc co cb fmbbctm. Hb `mrjr su phgrc, ^jr Dcjte @urgmne, Yupcrt @urgmne ecrcgþ uo gjhrjm co Hgcbhjgc, Hustrhbjh co 8:39. Gcsgc csc `m`cotm su nrcnj`jcotm cnmoþ`jnm fuc nmosthotc, pcrm rcnjêo h phrtjr gc bh gênhgh gc bms 51 sc ehnc vcrtjkjomsm, thb nm`m sc `ucstrh co bh cxphosjþo gc sus Fcneh  S^$$  S^ `jbbmocs  hntjvms>< Soh prmkrcsjþo rcbh`phkuchotc 8:57  9 111  gc hntjvms tjcoc uom gc gms mràkcocs< m prêsth`ms kcocrmsh`cotc mtmrkh8:53  > 311  gms pmr bh ihonh jotcrohnjmohb, `ès hbbè 8:56  5 311  gc khrhotàhs, m quc @urgmne cstè rc8:5;  89 611  prcscothogm co rchbjghg jotcrcscs gc 8:55  8> :11  krhogcs nmosmrnjms. Co mtrhs phbhirhs, @urgmne scràh uo tcsthfcrrm trhosohnjmohb. Bh rcvjsth Cb Qcrjmgjsth Gc`þnrhth, gc bh Mrkhojzhnjþo Jotcrohnjmohb gc Qcrjmgjsths, MJQ,  co su cgjnjþo gc `hym gc 8:5: gjm nucoth gc bh rchbjzhnjþo gc uoh nmofcrconjh jotcrohnjmohb gc pcrjmgjsths co Hustrhbjh. Bh nmofcrconjh, nmovmnhgh h jojnjhtjvh gc bh Hsmnjhnjþo gc Qcrjmgjsths Hustrhbjhoms, hfjbjhgh h bh hotjnm`uojsth Fcgcrhnjþo Jotcrohnjmohb gc Qcrjmgjsths, FJQ,  sc tjtubþ Ocws Sobj`jtcg  co   co nbhrh hbusjþo h bh prjonjphb c`prcsh gc @urgmne Ocws Bj`jtcg. Bms pcrjmgjsths `mstrhrmo su hbhr`h -y h bh vcz j`pmtconjh- frcotc ‒h bh nmosthotc y khbmphotc nmoncotrhnjþo gc bh prcosh, bh puibjnjghg y

bh nm`uojnhnjþo cbcntrþojnh y h uo rèpjgm nrcnj`jcotm gc bhs trhosohnjm

 

ohbcs `ubtj-`cgjh-. Bh nmofcrconjh fmr`ubþ uo ‒bbh`h`jcotm h bhs mrkhojzhnjmocs prmfcsjmohbcs, h bhs Ohnjmocs Sojghs, h tms phrtjgms pmbàtjnms y h bms njughghoms phrh prmtckcr uoms `cgjms gc nm`uojnhnjþo bjircs, Jogcpcogjcotcs, quc rcfbclco bh gjvcrsjghg gc mpjojmocs, nmogjnjþo prcvjh gc bhs smnjcghgcs gc`mnrètjnhs, gc bh nrcnjcotc h`cohzh gc bhs emy hoþoj`hs c`prcshs trhosohnjmohbcs `ubtj`cgjh". Qcrm, ½quê pucgco ehncr tms pcrjmgjsths co uoh ‒bjirc‐ smnjcghg bjirc gc `crnhgm= @mompmbjms trhosohgmohbcs nm`m bms gc @urgmne, Khooctt, Echrst, @hxwcbb, Icrtcbsk`ho, @hbnm` Fmrics -cstc übtj`m phrh ncbcirhr su nu`pbchøms y hkhzhlhr h bh hntrjz Cbjzhicte Whybmr khstþ, cb 83 gc hkmstm gc 8:5:, trcs `jbbmocs gc gþbhrcs co uoh fjcsth co @hrrucnms- smo tms quc gcfjcogco phrh sà cb bjirc fbulm gc bh jofmr`hnjþo m bjicrthg gc prcosh trhosohnjmohb. Bms prmphkhogjsths gc bh bjicrthg gc prcosh quc `ucstrho sjc`prc nm`m clc`pbm gc pcrfcnnjþo gc`mnrètjnh y pburhb h Csthgms Sojgms, trhtho gc j`prcsjmohr ghogm h nmomncr cb krhocspcnthnubhrcs< oü`crm gc `cgjms gc cxjstàho nm`uojnhnjþo quc njrnubh csc gjhrjms, phàs. Bhs88njfrhs smo rchb`cotc co 8:56 co Csthgms Sojgms,co 8 311 111 rcvjsths, : 111 csthnjmocs gc rhgjm, 8 311 nhohbcs gc tcbcvjsjþo, 9 711 cgjtmrjhbcs gc bjirms y ; cstugjms njoc`htmkrèfjnms, bm quc ehnc uo tmthb gc 93 111 `cgjms gc nm`uojnhnjþo `hsjvh. Co bh rcbhnjþo, smirc tmgm co cb ruirm rcvjsths y rhgjms, sc nmothijbjzh h pcqucøhs csthnjmocs y puibjnhnjmocs quc om trhsnjcogco bh bmnhbjghg co bhs quc cstèo uijnhghs y quc sjo c`ihrkm gcpcogco phrh suisjstjr gc mrkhojzhnjmocs `hymrcs. Bm quc om hohbjzho bms quc tho hbths csthgàstjnhs `ucstrho cs quc bh `hymràh gc csms 93 111 `cgjms cstèo jonmrpmrhgms h nhgcohs gc pcrjþgjnms, rhgjms m tcbcvjsjþo y rcnjcotc`cotc smo hismrijgms pmr `mompmbjms `ubtj`cgjms. Cb oü`crm hntuhb y rchb gc `mompmbjms quc nmotrmbho csms `cgjms om smircphsh gc 97 sjstc`hs m rcgcs gc c`prcshs. Om sc pucgc hfjr`hr scrjh`cotc bh cxjstconjh gc 93 111 `cgjms jogcpcogjcotcs. Co rchbjghg smo sckujgmrhs m rcpctjgmrhs gc 97 krhogcs mbjkmpmbjms gc bh nm`uojnhnjþo7.

 

 

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Csthnjmocs gc rhgjm  Csthgm  Nhbjfmro jh  Fbmrjgh  Jbbjomjs  @jssmurj  Wcxhs  [hsejo  

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Csthnjmocs gc tcbcvjsjþo 

Csthnjþo 

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(prmkrh`hnjmocs)  4 . cgjtmrjhbcs