La Teoría de La Asertividad

 

Jut`rj5 _jst`rj _jst`rj K`mhncjrnz bn F`ynr Gnkdj5 ;:/?>/6?6: Qjrjkuy- Wncnzunmj Mj Rn`rèj bn mj Jsnrtavabjb

 

Mj prahnr prahnrjj acvns acvnstai taijka jkaûc ûc s`fr s`frnn mj mj jsnrt jsnrtava avabjb bjb sn mmn mmnvû vû j kjf` p`r nm psakûm psakûm`i` `i` y

 psak`tnrjpnutj nstjb`ucabncsn Jcbrnw [jmtnr nc (:121). Nc m`s jú`s 2? bnm saim` TT, nm trjfje trj fje` ` k`c kmanctn kmanctnss bnpraha bnprahab`s b`s,,

[jmtnr [jmtnr nstjfj nstjfj trjtjc trjtjcb` b` bn bnskuf bnskufrar rar mjs kjusjs kjusjs bn mj

acknrtabuhfrn y pjrj nck`ctrjr ucj hjcnrj bn trjtjr ` rnbukar su acgmunckaj cnurûtakj. [jmtnr suiaraû qun mj acknrtabuhfrn sn bnfn j mj prnvjmnckaj bn mj rntnckaûc pr`kns`s hês bn m`s pr`kns`s bn nstahumjkaûc nc nm sastnhj cnrva`s` knctrjm. Nst` k`cbue` j mj g`rhjkaûc bn "acd "acdaf afaab`r" b`r" acba acbava vabu bu`s `s

qun qun

nr nrjc jc ackj ackjpj pjkn knss

bn nx nxpr prns nsjr jr bn hjcn hjcnrrj

jfa jfanr nrttj

y

nsp`ctêcnjhnctn sus snctahanct`s, bnsn`s y cnknsabjbns. Nmm`s nrjc mahatjb`s nc su jut`rnjmazjkaûc y, nc k`csnkunckaj nxpnrahnctjb`s bagakumtjbns nc mj k`hucakjkaûc k`c `trjs  pnrs`cjs. K`cg`rhn j [jmtnr, mj hjy`rèj bn mj inctn nc mj s`kanbjb h`bnrcj sugrèj bn trjst`rc` (jucqun nc hnc`r hnbabj) bnm cnrva` nquamafrjr.  

@tr` psakûm`i` psakûm`i` qun nstubaj nstubaj mj jsnrtavabj jsnrtavabjb b ns Y`mpn nc (:1>4) mj bngacn bngacn k`h`5 Mj

nxprnsaûc bn m`s bnrnkd`s y snctahanct`s snctahanct`s pnrs`cjmns‘, y djmmû qun kjsa t`b` nm hucb` p`bèj snr jsnrtav` nc jmiucjs `kjsa`cns y t`tjmhnctn acngakjz nc `trjs. _`r tjct`, bn m` qun sn trjtj ns bn juhnctjr nm cõhnr` y bavnrsabjb bn satujka`cns nc mjs qun sn punbj bnsjrr`mmjr ucj k`cbuktj jsnrtavj y bashacuar jm hêxah` jqunmmjs qun pr`v`qunc bnkjahanct` u d`stamabjb. Nstj tn`rèj sn rnmjka`cj k`c nm nstuba` qun vnci` rnjmazjcb`, bnfab` j qun m`s b`knctns bnfnc k`hprncbnr k`hprncbnr qun sa s`c jsnrtav`s punbnc pr`h`vnr pr`h`vnr ucj kumturj kumturj bn pjz ngnktavj nc nm k`ctnxt` nbukjtav`.  

Vnsumtj `p`rtuc` snújmjr, qun mj tn`rèj sn nmaiaû k`c mj gacjmabjb bn k`c`knr bn b`cbn

surin mj pjmjfrj jsnrtavabjb y p`rquá m`s psakûm`i`s sn actnrnsjr`c nc nm tárhac`, m` qun bj k`h` rnspunstj qun mj jsnrtavabjb quazê k`cbuzkj djkaj mjs g`rhjs bn k`hp`rtjhanct`s bn mjs pnrs`cjs, m` qun ahpmakj tjhfaác su ahjinc. Nm tárhac` jsnrtavabjb gun nhpmnjb` grnkunctnhnctn nc nm jú` 9?, sac nhfjri` saiun sancb` uc k`cstrukt` qun c` tancn quazês ucj bngacakaûc ucavnrsjmhnctn jknptjbj, tjm vnz p`rqun nm v`kjfm` j vnkns sn k`cgucbn k`c `tr` k`cstrukt` k`h` ns mj jirnsavabjb, y nm jtrnvahanct` s`kajm. _`r nmm`, quazês dj sugrab` bagnrnctns jtjquns y djstj sn dj trjtjb` bn kjhfajr su k`hpmne` v`kjfm`. Mj jsnrtavabjb dj

 

sab` sab ` uc tárhac tárhac` ` nhpmnj nhpmnjb` b` õcakjh õcakjhnctn nctn bnsbn bnsbn mj pnrspn pnrspnkta ktavj vj y m`s ma macnjh cnjhanc anct`s t`s bn mj  psak`m`ièj. _nr` nc nstn kjs`, jtnrrazêcb`mj j mj jpmakjkaûc nc nm kjhp` bn mj nbukjkaûc, Nmmas (6??;) acbakj qun5 Mj jsnrtavabj jsnrtavabjb b sn punbn nctncbnr nctncbnr sniõc k`h` ucj djfamabjb djfamabjb purjhnct purjhnctnn k`hucakjka`cjm5 ns mj gjkumtjb bn nxprnsjr m`s bnrnkd`s y nxainckajs pr`pajs jmjmjs pnrs`cjs k`c mjs qun sn actnrjktõj. Ns p`bnr nxprnsjr mj acg`rhjkaûc bn g`rhj jbnkujbj (p`satavj y pr`p`satavjhnctn), hnbajctn nm us` bn mjs  pjmjfrjs jbnkujbjs y nc nm h`hnct` pr`paka`. (p.1) Nm jp`rtn qun nstn tnxt` djkn jm tnhj bn acvnstaijkaûc tancn qun vnr k`c nm tnhj mj  p`sturj ` ahjinc bnm b`knctn nm kujm kuj m ahpmakj j mj jsnrtavabjb y su jpmakjkaûc jm kjhp` bn mj nbukjkjkaûc. Mj jsnrtavabjb k`h` mj pmjctnj nm jut`r bn mj katj jctns hncka`cjbj, ns uc tárhac` jhpmajhnctn utamazjb`, j tjm puct` qun dj pnrbab` su snctab`, ns p`r nmm` qun nm jp`rtn qun sn djkn bnsbn nstn tnxt`, ns nm ncg`qun qun sn mn bj j mj jsnrtavabjb bnsbn mj ahp`rtjckaj k`h` ucj djfamabjb k`hucakjtavj. Nstn jp`rtn sn rnmjka`cj k`c mj acvnstaijkaûc bnfab` j qun nm trjfje` ns nck`ctrjr mjs jmtnrcjtavjs rjka`cjmns pjrj mj gjsn hês ahp`rtjctn bn t`b` nm pr`kns` k`hucakjtav` bnm snr duhjc`, qun ns mmnvjrsn fanc k`c m`s bnhês.  

_`r m` m` tjct` tjct` sn k`csabnrj, qun pjrj k`cstruar k`cstruar mj mj pjz sn bnfn bajm`ijr. M`s b`knctns jm snr 

k`hucakjtav`s y jsnrtav`s jsnrtav`s quazês punbnc k`hucakjrsn hne`r, hne`r, djkancb` vjmnr su bnrnkd` j `pacjr jctn m`s bnhês y k`cstruar k`cstruar mj kumturj kumturj pjrj mj _jz. [niõc Myckd (6??1) snújmj5 ”Mj k`hucakjkaûc sn fjsj nc 9% bn pjmjfrjs, ;4 % nc nm t`c` bn v`z y 77% nc nm mnciujen k`rp`rjm‘. (p.7). Nc mj mj k`hucakjkaûc jsnrtavj sn ackmuync m`s m`s inst`s, t`c` bn v`z, p`sturj k`rp`rjm ` ahjinc bnm b`knctn nctrn `tr`s, `tr`s, p`r nmm` mj jsnrt jsnrtavabjb avabjb ns uc prackapjm nmnhnct` nc mj ahjinc bnm b`knctn b`knctn qun sanhprn bnfn prnvjmnknr. prnvjmnknr. Nc rnmjkaûc rnmjkaûc jm tárhac` tárhac` jsnrtavabjb jsnrtavabjb K`rcne` (6??4), hjcaganstj5 Mj pjmjfrj jsnrtavabjb tancn su `rainc nc nm v`kjfm` jsnvnrjr, qun sniõc nm bakka` bak ka`cjra cjra` ` bn mj rnjm rnjm jkjbnh jkjbnhaj aj Nspjú` Nspjú`mj mj saicag saicagakj akj55 ”Bnkmjr ”Bnkmjrjr jr ` jgarhj jgarhjr  r   p`satavjhnctn, k`c sniurabjb y k`c snckammnz y gunrzj‘ m` qun y` sanct`,  pancs` y quanr`, p`r m` qun mj k`cbuktj jsnrtavj k`csastn fêsakjhnctn nc mj nxprnsaûc jbnkujbj bn kujmquanr nh`kaûc qun c` snj mj jcsanbjb djkaj `trjs  pnrs`cjs, k`cvartaácb`sn jsè nc nm jrtn bn rnmjka`cjrsn k`c m`s bnhês pjrj m`irjr jmkjczjr mj actahabjb. (p.4).  

Bn jkunrb` j m` nxpunst`, b`y j nctncbnr qun mj jsnrtavabjb ns nm kjhac` qun k`cbukn j

rns` rns`mv mvnr nr uc pr`f pr`fmn mnhj hj ` j ncgrn ncgrnct ctjr jr sa satu tujk jka` a`cn cnss nc nctr trnn pnrs` pnrs`cj cjss b`cbn b`cbn mj mjss ha hash shjs js jm actnrjktujr k`c m`s bnhês j trjvás bn sus p`sturjs hunstrjc mj vnrbjbnrj rnjmabjb bn m` qun

 

bnsnjc nxprnsjr, nenhpm` punbns nstjr bakancb` ”[A ”kujcb` tus inst`s bnhunstrjc qun ns ”C@‘, nst` pr`bukn p`safmnhnctn p`safmnhnctn jirjva` nctrn mj pnrs`cj qun sn k`hucakj, bnfab` j qun sn `fsnrvj qun c` djy d`cnstabjb y quazês bakn ”[A‘ sûm` p`r sjmar bnm pjs`, m` qun k`cbukn j rnkjpjkatjr rnkjpjkatjr qun sn bnfn trjcshata trjcshatarr nm pncsjhanct` pncsjhanct` k`h` vnrbjbnrjhnc vnrbjbnrjhnctn tn sn sanctn sac `gncbnr j m`s bnhês. Ns cnknsjra` qun nm b`knctn mn bá uc saicagakjb` gucbjhnctjm j su  pr`paj ahjinc jsnrtavj, y snj d`cnst` kujcb` trjcshatn su `pacaûc, tncancb` kuabjb` bn c` trjcshata trjcs hatarr uc hncsjen hncsjen bn g`rhj g`rhj jirnsavj. jirnsavj. Vas` (6??6), (6??6), nc nc su tn`rèj tn`rèj bngacn mj mj k`cbuktj k`cbuktj jsnrtavj k`h`5 Jqunmmj k`cbuktj qun pnrhatn j mj pnrs`cj nxprnsjr jbnkujbjhnctn (sac hnbar bast`rsa`cns k`icatavjs ` jcsanbjb y k`hfacjcb` m`s k`hp`cnctns vnrfjmns vnrfjm ns y c` vnrfjmns vnrfjmns bn mj hjcnrj hês ngnktavj ngnktavj p`safmn) `p`sakaûc `p`sakaûc (bnka (bnkar  r  c`, nxprns nxprnsjr jr bnsjkun bnsjkunrb` rb`s, s, djknr djknr y rnkafa rnkafarr krè krèta takjs kjs,, bngncbn bngncbnrr bnrnkd bnrnkd`s `s y nxprnsjr nxprns jr nc incnrjm incnrjm snctahanct snctahanct`s `s cnijtav`s) cnijtav`s) y jgnkt` jgnkt` (bjr y rnkafar rnkafar nm`ia`s, nxprnsjr snctahanct`s p`satav`s nc incnrjm) bn jkunrb` j sus actnrnsns y `fentav`s, rnspntjcb` nm bnrnkd` bn m`s `tr`s n actnctjcb` jmkjczjr mj hntj  pr`punstj.. (p.2>).  

Nstj k`cbuktj ns mj nxprnsaûc nxprnsaûc jpr`pajbj bn mjs mjs nh`ka`cns nh`ka`cns un tancnc m`s suent`s s`kajmns

kujcb kuj cb` ` sn rnmj rnmjka ka`c `cjc, jc, sa sac c qu qunn sn pr`b pr`buzk uzkjj caciõ caciõc c ta tap` p` bn jc jcsa sanb nbjb jb ` ji jirn rnsa sava vabjb bjb.. Incnrjmhnct Incnrj mhnctn, n, mjs pnrs`cjs pnrs`cjs k`c irjc ahjinc ahjinc jsnrtavj jsnrtavj y hjcne` bn nh`ka`cns tancbnc tancbnc j t`hjr bnkasa`cns vajfmns y iuèjc j `tr`s bn hjcnrj hukd` hês snckammj y bn g`rhj sjtasgjkt`raj, bjcb` rnspunstjs `p`rtucjs kujcb` sn rnquanrnc.  

_`r nmm`, k`h` b`knctn b`knctn sn bnfn tncnr prnsnctn prnsnctn mj jsnrtavabj jsnrtavabjb b nc m`s jhfanctns jhfanctns bn

trjfje`, p`rqun mj hashj jyubj j mj s`mukaûc bn k`cgmakt`s sac `gncsjs ca jirjva`s, y jucqun ns ucj bn nsjs nsjs kujmab kujmabjbn jbnss uc p`k` p`k` k`hpmn k`hpmnejs ejs bn bnsjrr bnsjrr`mm `mmjr jr nc nm kjhp` kjhp` mjf`rj mjf`rjm, m, ns cnknsjraj pjrj qun c`djyj jusnckaj bn mj kumturj pjrj mj pjz, nc mjs acstatuka`cns nbukjtavjs, bnfab` j qun m`s bnsjgè`s bnm b`knctn bntnrhacjc mj cnknsabjb bn kjhfa`s qun sn m`irjc k`c k`c ucj ucj ahji ahjinc nc p`sa p`sata tavj vj y js jsnr nrttavj avj mj kujm kujm bnfn bnfn bjr bjrsn nc m`s pr pr`k `kns ns`s `s bn su  pr`gnsa`cjmazjkaûc.  

Bngacatavjhnctn, sn bnfnrê jpmakjr j g`cb` k`c k`ctacuabjb mj p`sturj jsnrtavj kujcb`

c` c`ss rnmj rnmjka ka`cj `cjh` h`s, s, bn bnfa fab` b` j qun ns ns nsjj ns mj õc õcak akjj g` g`rh rhjj bn kj kjhf hfaj ajrr m` m`ss ns nsqu qunh nhjs js arrjka`cjmns bn m`s acbavabu`s jm qunrnr rnkmjhjr uc bnrnkd`, p`rqun kujcb` c` sjfnh`s nxprnsjr cunstr`s snctahanct`s snctahanct`s p`bnh`s bnstruar bnstruar k`c pjmjfrjs m` qun dnh`s nbagakjb` nbagakjb` k`c  pjkanckaj, pnr` j vnkns nm snr djkn kjs` `has` j sniuar k`cstruyncb` kjhac`s bn pjz

 

hnbajctn hnbajc tn mj jsnrtavabjb jsnrtavabjb mj bnspmjzj bnspmjzj burjctn t`bj su vabj, j vnkns sn mn bagakumtj bagakumtj djknr mj trjcsg`rhjkaûc pjrj kjhfajr su hjcnrj bn pncsjr s`frn m` qun nstê rnjmazjcb` y k`h` rnjmazjrm` sac qun pnreubaqun j m`s bnhês.  

Wjmn bnkar, bnkar, qun nxastn nxastn ucj bagnrnckaj bagnrnckaj nctrn k`cbuktj k`cbuktj jsnrtavj jsnrtavj ` s`kajmhnct s`kajmhnctnn dêfam,

k`cbuktj pjsavj y k`cbuktj jirnsavj, ucjs s`c k`csabnrjbjs jsnrtavjs y `trjs c`, t`b` bnpncbn bn mjs rnspunstjs qun m`s suent`s bnc j mjs pnrs`cjs k`c uancns actnrjktõjc. Mmjkucj y _ue`m (6??2) acbakjc qun5 Mj k`cbuktj jsnrtavj ` s`kajmhnctn s`kajmhnctn dêfam ns ucj nxprnsaûc acbukn barnktjhnctn j m`s m`s pr`p pr`pa` a`ss sn snct ctah ahan anct ct`s `s,, bn bnsn sn`s `s,, bn bnrn rnkd kd`s `s mn mniè ièta tah` h`ss y `paca `paca`c `cns ns sa sac c jhncjzjr ` kjstaijr j m`s bnhês y sac va`mjr m`s bnrnkd`s bn nsjs pnrs`cjs. Mj jsnrkaûc ahpmakj rnspnt` djkaj uc` hash` jm nxprnsjr cnknsabjbns pr`pajs y bngncbn bng ncbnrr m`s pr`pa`s pr`pa`s bnrnkd` bnrnkd`ss y rnspnt rnspnt` ` djkaj djkaj mjs cnknsa cnknsabjbn bjbnss bn mjs `trjs `trjs  pnrs`cjs. Nm acbavabu` tancn qun rnk`c`knr tjhfaác kuêmns s`c sus rnsp`csjfamabjbns nc nsj satujkaûc y quá k`csnkunckajs rnsumtj mj nxprnsaûc bn sus snctahanct`s. (p. 6).   Mj k`cbuktj k`cbuktj pjsavj, pjsavj, snújmj snújmj trjcsir trjcsirnsaûc nsaûc bn m`s pr`pa`s pr`pa`s bnrnkd`s bnrnkd`s jm c` snr kjpjz bn nxprnsjr jfanrtjhnctn snctahanct`s, pncsjhanct`s y `paca`cns ` jm nxprnsjrm`s bn ucj hjcnrj jut`bnrr`tastj, k`c baskumpjs, k`c gjmtj bn k`cgajczj, bn tjm h`b` qun m`s bnhês  punbjc c` djknrmn kjs`. Djy uc mèhatn rnspnkt` j mj kjctabjb bn grustrjkaûc qun uc acbavabu` punbn jmhjkncjr bnctr` bn sè hash`.

Vas` (@f.kat), snújmj5

Mj Mjss pn pnrs rs`cj `cjss k`c nm ns nsta tam` m` bn k` k`cbu cbukt ktjj pj pjsa savj vj su sunm nmnc nc pnrha pnrhata tarr qun sn jpr`vnkdnc bn nmmjs, jm c` bngncbnrsn j sè hashjs y djknr t`b` m` qun mn baknc, sac ahp`rtjr sus snctahanct`s. _`r nmm` mmnijc j jmhjkncjr ucj irjc kjrij bn rnsnctahanct`, rjfaj, jcsanbjb y bnprnsaûc. (p.;2).   Kjfn snújmjr, qun nm qun rnkafn mj k`cbuktj c` jsnrtavj punbn nxpnrahnctjr tjhfaác ucj vjranbjb bn k`csnkunckajs bnsgjv`rjfmns. Rncnr qun acgnrar k`cstjctnhnctn m` qun nstê rnjmhnctn rnjmh nctn bakancb` mj `trj pnrs`cj pnrs`cj ` tncnr qun mnnr sus pncsjhanct`s pncsjhanct`s ns ucj tjrnj bagèkam y jfruhjb`rj qun punbn bjr muijr j snctahanct`s bn grustrjkaûc, h`mnstaj ` ackmus` arj djkaj mj pnrs`cj qun sn nstê k`hp`rtjcb` bn g`rhj c` jsnrtavj.  

Nstjs Nstjs tn`rèj tn`rèjss jctn jctnss hncka hncka`cjb `cjbjs js sn rnmjka rnmjka`cj `cjc c k`c k`c nstn nstn nstuba nstuba` ` bnfab bnfab` ` j qun mj

jsnrtavabjb ns uc puct` hnba` pjrj k`cstruar mj kumturj bn pjz nc nm k`ctnxt` nbukjtav`, nmmj ahpmakj mj bngncsj bn m`s bnrnkd`s, sac mjstahjr j cjban. Nc nstn pr`kns` bn g`rhjkaûc bnm ahjiacjra` b`knctn mj jsnrtavabjb actnrvancn bnsbn mj rngmnxaûc pjrj nctncbnr qun mj kumturj g`rhj pjrtn bnm snr duhjc` bnsbn mj bnmafnrjkaûc bn mj abnctabjb j mj bnmafnrjkaûc bn mj

 

bavnrsabjb, m` kujm rnhatn j ucj actnrpnmjkaûc bn mj jktujkaûc bnm acbavabu` kujcb` nhpmnj mj jsnrtavabjb, mj kujm c` danrn m`s snctahanct`s bn m`s bnhês jm snr sacknr`, nxprnsj mj arj bn uc h`b` s`kajmhnctn jbnkujb`, nxprnsj ucj `pacaûc k`ctrjraj y c` hjcapumj. Nc k`ckmusaûc, m`s m`s b`knctns bnfnc k`hucakjrsn k`c sncsjtnz, k`cirunckaj, kmjrabjb, kmjrabjb, y nquamafra` p`rqun su gacjmabjb ns k`hucakjr abnjs y snctahanct`s p`satav`s ` bngncbnr m`s mniètah`s bnrnkd`s sac mj actnckaûc bn dnrar ` pnreubakjr j cjban, ns bnkar, bnkar, sa uc b`knctn c`  punbn rnsaicjrsn j jknptjr mjs k`sjs, sa nstjs nstêc ”hjm nckjhacjbjs‘, djy qu qunn nxprnsjrsn bn hjcnrj tjm qun sn mmniun j uc k`csncs` y c` sn incnrnc k`cgmakt`s sa c` qun sn k`cstruyj mj pjz, mj k`huca k`hucakjk kjkaûc aûc,, nm baêm`i baêm`i`, `, mjs rnmjka rnmjka`cn `cnss act actnrp nrpnrs nrs`cj `cjmns mns quazês quazês jma jmavaj vajrê rê mjs bagnrn bag nrncka ckajs js sa dufanrj dufanrj muijr, muijr, nc `trjs `trjs pjmjfr pjmjfrjs js ns ahp`rt ahp`rtjct jctnn tncnr tncnr ucj k`huca k`hucakjka kjkaûc ûc jsnrtavj, sa sn m`irj jprncbnr j snr jsnrtav`s sn g`rtjmnknrê mj kumturj bn pjz, nmm` djkn j mj  pnrs`cj pjrtakumjrhnctn vjma`s`.