La Riqueza de Las Naciones

 

@i rlquczi nc `is eidlfecs Dini dfjfnlnin nc `i dui` gfzie `fs trioiainfrcs cs uei nc `is `irgis dinceis nc trioiaf quc rci`lzie ftrfs prfnudtfrcs y trioiainfrcs piri quc i` blei`, iquc` trioiainfr pucni gfzir  nc csis dfjfnlnincs quc i` ble y i` diof sfe tijolìe ecdcsirlis piri quc c` rci`ldc su trioiaf i gustf y nc uei jiecri cbldlcetc. Tle jcedlfeir iue `fs ncjés letcrjcnlinfrcs quc iyunie i quc csc prfnudtf f dfjfnlnin ``cguc i `is jiefs nc csc c sc trioiainfr, dfjf `f sfe `fs triespfrtinfrcs y dfjcrdlietcs, judhis pcrsfeis nc nlbcrcetcs rijis f prfbcslfecs, nc dui`qulcr `inf nc` juenf tuvlcrfe quc letcrvcelr ce csi dincei, piri isê bfrjir uei dfecxlôe juenli`, quc bfrji ue  olcecstir, dfjf cxprcsie i``ê, olcecstir uelvcrsi` piri tfni csi pfo`idlôe y trioiainfrcs. Dfsis quc, efrji`jcetc judhis pcrsfeis lgefrie f lgefrijfs ce i`gñe puetf nc eucstri vlni, prfnudtfs tie pcqucùfs dfjf pucnc scr uei prceni nc vcstlr, uelbldi c levf`udri uei dietlnin ef sf`f nc pcrsfei, nc ti`cetfs, nc cxpcrlcedlis, nc csbucrzf, tietis dfsis quc, i`  prcstir`c itcedlôe, pucnc rcsu`tir bisdleietc. Ce cstc puetf, cs letcrcsietc `i dietlnin nc vcdcs y `i rc`cviedli quc `c nie i` quc tfnis cstis dfsis sc `fgrie prédtldijcetc ce uei eidlôe prfspcri, frgielzini y olce gfocreini, dfe uei sfdlcnin dlvl`lzini piri quc tfnf cstf sci pfslo`c nc jiecri cbldlcetc. ^fnfs cstfs cacjp`fs f rcbcrcedlis efjorinis ietcrlfrjcetc prfvlcece nc` `lorf `i rlquczi nc `is eidlfecs, csdrltf pfr Inij Tjlth, puo`ldinf ce c` iùf nc 9772. [iri `i cdfefjêi y sus rijis, rcprcsceti uei nc `is foris jés sforcsi`lcetcs, y c`, Inij Tjlth uef nc `fs jiyfrcs drêtldfs nc `fs jcrdietl`lstis yi quc cstis lncis y pcesijlcetfs prcvi`cdêie ce sus tlcjpfs, qulcecs prfpfeêie quc `is rlquczis nc `is eidlfecs ncocrêie scr jcnlnis pfr `is rcscrvis nc frf quc cstis pfscêie, prlvl`cglienf i ue pcqucùf grupf nc dfjcrdlietcs nc d`isc i`ti. [fr c` dfetrirlf, Tjlth prfpfeêi quc `is rlquczis nc dini eidlôe sc ncocrêie jcnlr pfr `fs  olcecs y `fs scrvldlfs quc cstée i nlspfsldlôe nc` puco`f y dfjf b`uyce cetrc c``fs, piri isê bivfrcdcr i tfni `i pfo`idlôe y ef sf`f i csc grupf pcqucùf nc dfjcrdlietcs prlvl`cglinfs, isê jlsjf, scgñe `fs jcrdietl`lstis, piri quc uei eidlôe bucri prfspcri y `fgriri rlquczis, c` gfolcref ncoêi tcecr i su nlspfsldlôe dini ispcdtf nc `i cdfefjêi y nc` trioiaf piri isê cacrdcr ue dfetrf` dfestietc sforc c``f. Tjlth prfpusf c` slstcji nc `locrtin eituri`, piri `fgrir nc csc jfnf uei rlquczi austi,  piri quc isê dini pcrsfei tuvlcri `i fpfrtuelnin nc pirtldlpir `lorcjcetc ce `is nfs idtlvlnincs prfjftfris nc `i rlquczi, dfjf `f sfe `i iduju`idlôe nc olcecs f diplti` y `i idtlvlnin nc` trioiaf. Csti `locrtin eituri` dfeslstêi oésldijcetc ce `i `locridlôe nc `fs dluniniefs nc csc dfetrf` sfocrief, piri quc isê cacrdcr dfe tfti`y lencpcencedli, cacrdldlfsnc dfjf `locrtin nc cjprcenljlcetf, `i punlcrie `locrtin nc dfjpctcedli `i `locrtin nc dfjcrdlf, cstc `i jfnf i`

 

sfocrief f i` gfolcref sc `i itrlouêie sf`f trcs fo`lgidlfecs, dfjf `f sfe, c` cstir i`  pcenlcetc nc `i prftcddlôe nc su pfo`idlôe y sfdlcnin, nc levislôe f igrcslfecs pfr pirtc nc ftris eidlfecs, tijolìe c` prftcgcr i su pfo`idlôe nc i`tcrdinfs f prfo`cjis quc pucnie surglr cetrc `fs jlcjorfs nc `i jlsji hidlcenf vi`cr `i austldli, y pfr u`tljf jietcecr dlcrtis foris puo`ldis quc sfe nc ocecbldlf piri tfni `i dfjuelnin. Tforc `is pcrsfeis quc ncdlnce pirtldlpir nc` cacrdldlf nc `i iduju`idlôe nc olcecs y nc diplti`, pfncjfs eftir quc hiy nfs tlpfs, pfr ue `inf, tcecjfs i` hfjorc quc cs dipiz nc iduju`ir grie dietlnin nc olcecs, pucnc vlvlr nc` sustcetf nc csc diplti` pfr judhf tlcjpf, dfjf pucnce scr iùfs f jcscs, pcrf eituri`jcetc slcjprc cspcri cxtricr ue pfdf nc ocecbldlf nc csc diplti`, cetfedcs levlcrtc grie pirtc nc csc diplti`, pcrf ncaienf ue  pfdf piri sitlsbidcr sus ecdcslnincs oésldis c lejcnlitis, histi quc ``cgi `fs legrcsfs nc` diplti` levcrtlnf, i csfs legrcsfs ninfs pfr c` diplti`, sc `c dfefdc dfjf suodiplti`. ^ijolìe tcecjfs iquc``fs quc levlcrtce su diplti` ce drcir trioiaf, ousdie cjp`cir csc diplti` piri quc gcecrc c` jcafr rcenljlcetf pfslo`c y prfnudlr jiyfr dietlnin nc legrcsfs, pfr cenc, tritiri nc nir su csbucrzf pfr nlstrloulr cqultitlvijcetc c` trioiaf cetrc sus forcrfs, y tijolìe nir`cs tfni `i nftidlôe nf tidlôe pfslo`c dfe oucefs jitcrli`cs piri q quc uc isê `i  prfnuddlôe sci cbldlcetc. Ce `f ietcrlfr efjorinf, Tjlth nlscetêi, yi quc piri c` csf quc cspcrioie `is pcrsfeis ef cs ue ble dfjf ti`, piri ì`, c` vcrnincrf ble y nfenc sc ncoêi dfedcetrir `i prfnuddlôe cri ce c` dfesujf, nc cstc jfnf c` prfnudtfr ncoêi dfedcetrirsc jis ce sitlsbidcr  prljfrnli`jcetc `is ecdcslnincs nc` dfesujlnfr, y piri quc cstf bucri pfslo`c, tceêi quc cstir prcscetc `i `locrtin eituri`, y dini uef rci`lziri sus idtlvlnincs nc jiecri `lorc y cbldlcetc. [isircjfs i hio`ir ue pfdf nc Inij Tjlth y nc` dfjf ``cgf i `is dfed`uslfecs p`isjinis ce cstc `lorf, Inij Tjlth eidlôe ce c` iùf nc 97?4 ce `i dlunin nc Mlrmdi`ny, ce c` piês nc Csdfdli, su pinrc bi``cdlô jcscs ietcs nc su eidljlcetf, pfr `f quc su jinrc cstuvf i dirgf nc su cnudidlôe, histi c` iùf 9747 quc dfe ditfrdc iùfs, legrcsf i `i uelvcrslnin nc G`isgfw, uei uelvcrslnin ncstidini pfr su ncscjpcùf y cescùiezi, cstunlienf i``ê bl`fsfbêi jfri`, ncsnc i``ê bucrfe juy prcscetcs ce c e c` y ce sus foris dfjf `f sfe `i `locrtin, `i sc rizôe y `iledu`dinfs `locrtin ncvi`frcs cxprcslôe. Histi quc trcs iùfs ncspuìs, ce c` iùf 97>;, gief uei ocdi piri cstunlir ce Fxbfrn, cspcdêbldijcetc ce c` oi``lf` df``cgc, eftienf i``ê uei grie nlbcrcedli ce dfjpiridlôe i su ietcrlfr uelvcrslnin G`isgfw, nfenc dini jicstrf cri rcdfjpcesinf dfebfrjc su csbucrzf i` jfjcetf nc `i cescùiezi, ce Fxbfrn `i cescùiezi cri nc ftrf jfnf, tcenlcenf i scr lenlbcrcetc, nfenc ef prljioi `i cnudidlôe nc `fs cstunlietcs, yi quc sf`f sc `cs cxlgêi idunlr nfs hfris i frir, y sf`ijcetc idunêie nfs vcdcs i `i scjiei i cstunlir. Tc pucnc eftir quc ncsnc csi ìpfdi, histi ce `is uelvcrslnincs y df`cglfs sc vlcec foscrvienf csc tlpf nc dfrrupdlôe f jfefpf`lf, ce cstc disf csfs jìtfnfs nc cescùiezi sf`f bivfrcdêie y nioie dfjfnlnin i `fs prfbcsfrcs, y ncaienf nc `i `inf su csbucrzf pfr triesjltlr sus dfefdljlcetfs y cescùir dfrrcdtijcetc i `fs cstunlietcs, dfsi quc iue sc  pucnc eftir ce i`guefs df`cglfs pño`ldfs nc eucstri eidlôe, jis ihfri dfe `i sltuidlôe nc

 

 piencjli quc cstijfs vlvlcenf, dfefzdf ue disf ce c` quc, pfr `i vlrtui`lnin sf`f sc `cs cxlgc cetrir i d`iscs ce `êeci nfs vcdcs i `i scjiei sf`ijcetc pfr nfs hfris i` nêi, nc rcstf sc `cs cetrcgie ue tlpf nc guêis piri quc `fs cstunlietcs rci`ldce sle supcrvlslôe f dfetrf` nc ue jicstrf, ce judhfs disfs cs cetcenlo`c yi quc ce df`cglfs cstiti`cs f pño`ldfs, judhfs aôvcecs sfe nc csdisfs rcdursfs y ef pucnce sujlelstrirsc `i tcdef`fgêi y ncjés jitcrli`cs piri ueis d`iscs ce `êeci fptljis, pcrf cs ncocr nc` cstinf sujlelstrir csis dfjfnlnincs piri isê ue ouce ncsirrf``f ce `i cnudidlôe nc` piês. Dfetleuienf dfe Inij Tjlth, i` eftir csti bi`ti nc cjpcùf nc pirtc nc su uelvcrslnin y sus prfbcsfrcs, ncdlnc pisir `i jiyfr pirtc nc su tlcjpf i``é, ce `i olo`lftcdi, lestruyìenfsc y iprcenlcenf pfr sê jlsjf, uei vcz dfed`ulnfs sus scls iùfs nc cstunlfs ce Fxbfrn y dfescgulr su têtu`f, rcgrcsi i su dlunin d lunin eiti` piri dfetleuir dfe sus cstunlfs  prfplfs ncsnc disi. I pirtlr nc csf, sus csbucrzfs nlcrfe brutfs, rcdfefdlìenf`c dfjf d fjf prfbcsfr prledlpi`jcetc ce `i ditcnri nc `ôgldi y ncspuìs ce `i ditcnri nc bl`fsfbêi jfri` ce su ietlgui uelvcrslnin, G`isgfw, ce csfs tlcjpfs G`isgfw cri uei dlunin ce drcdljlcetf, gridlis i `i prfspcrlnin nc `is ljpfrtidlfecs nc tioidf vlelcetcs nc `is df`felis ce Ijìrldi, nc hcdhf, uef nc sus jcafrcs ijlgfs, cri uef nc `fs jis griencs dfjcrdlietcs y jigeitcs tioidi`crfs nc `i rcglôe, pcrf iue isê, Tjlth cri uef nc `fs jiyfrcs drêtldfs nc iqu iquc``fs c``fs dfjcrdlietcs, qulcecs dfjf `f prcscedlf ce Fxbfrn, sc ocecbldlioie pfr bivfrcs jfefpô`ldfs pfr pirtc nc` gfolcref, `fs letcrcscs nc iquc``is pcrsfeis crie ectijcetc pcrsfei`cs y sle letcrìs nc  ocecbldlir i` pño`ldf, cstfs ocecbldlfs jfefpô`ldfs efrji`jcetc rcsu`tie pcraunldienf i `fs letcrcscs nc` piês ce sê. Disui`jcetc, `i prljcri fori quc ``cvf i` rcdfefdljlcetf y `i biji i Inij Tjlth buc c` `lorf tltu`inf ‐tcfrêi nc `fs scetljlcetfs jfri`cs‚ quc jfri`cs‚  quc sê, buc sforc ìtldi y ef ce cdfefjêi dfjf sc cspcrirêi. Buc puo`ldinf ce c` iùf nc 973; iùfs, buc dfetritinf piri `i tutfrêi nc` tcrdcr nuquc nc -------- dfe c` quc pisirêi 4 iùfs rcdfrrlcenf Curfpi auetf i ì`, dfe c``f `fgrf ue grie ocecbldlf ef sf`f cdfeôjldf, slef nc cxpcrlcedlis dfefdlcenf i ljpfrtietcs

 

cdfefjlstis nc Curfpi, i` tcrjleir c` vliac y ``cgir i `i dlunin nc ncstlef, buc duienf eftf quc su jfnf nc vlni hioêi dijolinf y ncdlnlô csdrlolr ue `lorf, `i rlquczi nc `is eidlfecs.