LA NATURALEZA DE LOS MATERIALES

UNIVERSIDAD MAYOR DE SAN ANDRÉS FACULTAD DE INGENIERÍA CARRERA DE INGENIERÍA INDUSTRIAL

RESUMEN CAPÍTULO 2

NOMBRE:

Univ.: LEONARDINI CONDE DANIELA

DOCENTE:

Ing. ZENTENO BENÍTEZ FRANZ

MATERIA:

PROCESOS DE MANUFACTURA

FECHA:

03 / 04 / 2017 LA PA ! BOLIVIA

C"#$%&'( 2 LA NATURALEA DE LOS MATERIALES La manufactua !" un #$c!"$ %! tan"f$maci&n' !" !( mat!ia( ($ )u! "! tan"f$ma* + ($ )u! %!t!mina !( ,-it$ %! (a $#!aci&n !" c&m$ ,"t! "! c$m#$ta cuan%$ cum#(! c$n ($" !)u!imi!nt$" %! !"i"t!ncia a fu!a"' t!m#!atua" + $t$" #a/m!t$" f0"ic$" #aticu(a!". E"t! ca#0tu($ !"tu%ia (a !"tuctua at&mica %! (a mat!ia' + ($" !n(ac!" !nt! ($" /t$m$" + (a" m$(,cu(a". Tam1i,n "! ana(ia (a man!a !n )u! ($" /t$m$" + m$(,cu(a" %! ($" mat!ia(!" %! ing!ni!0a "! $ganian #$ "0 "$($" !n %$" f$ma" !"tuctua(!": ci"ta(ina + n$ ci"ta(ina. L$" mat!ia(!" 1/"ic$" %! ing!ni!0a "$n: m!ta(!"' c!/mica" + #$(0m!$"' ($" cua(!" !-i"t!n !n cua()ui! f$ma' aun)u! #$  ($ g!n!a( ca%a mat!ia( ti!n! una t!n%!ncia #aa a%$#ta a(guna f$ma !n #aticu(a. 1) E*%+&,%&+" "%-.,"  '(* '.%(* La uni%a% !"tuctua( fun%am!nta( %! (a mat!ia !" !( /t$m$. Ca%a /t$m$ !"t/ c$m#u!"t$ %! un n2c(!$ c$n caga #$"itiva' $%!a%$ #$ un n2m!$ "ufici!nt! %! !(!ct$n!" c$n caga n!gativa %! m$%$ )u! (a" caga" )u!%an 1a(anc!a%a". E( n2m!$ %! !(!ct$n!" i%!ntifica !( n2m!$ at&mic$ + !( !(!m!nt$ %!( /t$m$.

2) E'",* %+ %(.(*  .(',&'"* 2)1E'",* #+."+(*)! L$" !n(ac!" #imai$" "! caact!ian #$ atacci$n!" fu!t!" %! /t$m$" c$n /t$m$" )u! inv$(ucan !( int!cam1i$ %! !(!ct$n!" %! va(!ncia. a )u! inv$(ucan fu!a" %! atacci&n !nt! ($" /t$m$" %! (a m$(,cu(a. 2)1)1 E'", -,()! L$" /t$m$" %! un !(!m!nt$ !nt!gan "u3"4 !(!ct&n3!"4 !-t!i$3!"4' ($" )u! a "u v! ata!n a ($" /t$m$" %! a(g2n $t$ !(!m!nt$ #aa inc!m!nta a $c5$ "u cu!nta %! !(!ct$n!" !n (a ca#a !-t!i$. 2)1)2 E'", ,(5"'%)! E" a)u!( !n !( )u! ($" /t$m$" c$m#at!n !(!ct$n!" 3a %if!!ncia %! ($" )u! "! tan"fi!!n4 !n "u" ca#a" !-t!na" a fin %! ($ga un c$n6unt$ !"ta1(! %! $c5$. 2)1)3 E'", .%',()! Inv$(uca c$m#ati ($" !(!ct$n!" %! (a ca#a !-t!i$  #$ m!%i$ %! t$%$" ($" /t$m$" #aa f$ma una nu1! %! !(!ct$n!" g!n!a( )u! a1aca a( 1($)u! !nt!$ 2)2E'",* *,&6"+(*)! Mi!nta" )u! ($" !n(ac!" #imai$" inv$(ucan fu!a" %! atacci&n %! /t$m$ c$n /t$m$' ($" !n(ac!" "!cun%ai$" im#(ican fu!a" !nt! m$(,cu(a"' $ int!m$(!cu(a!". 2)2)1 F&+"* 6#('"+*)! S! #!"!ntan !n una m$(,cu(a f$ma%a #$ %$" /t$m$" c$n caga" !(,ctica" igua(!" + $#u!"ta". 2)2)2 L"* 8&+"* 6 L(6()! Inv$(ucan fu!a" %! atacci&n !nt! m$(,cu(a" n$ #$(a!"' %!1i%$ a( /#i%$ m$vimi!nt$ %! ($" !(!ct$n!" !n (a

&1ita a(!%!%$ %! (a m$(,cu(a' cuan%$ $cu! )u! m/" !(!ct$n!" )u!%an !n un (a%$ %! (a m$(,cu(a )u! !n !( $t$' "! f$man %i#$($" t!m#$a(!". 2)2)3 E'", 6 96+-()! Suc!%! !n m$(,cu(a" )u! c$nti!n!n /t$m$" %! 5i%&g!n$ !n(aa%$" !n f$ma c$va(!nt! c$n $t$ /t$m$.

3) E*%+&,%&+" ,+*%"'"* Una !"tuctua ci"ta(ina !" a)u!((a !n (a )u! ($" /t$m$" "! ($ca(ian !n #$"ici$n!" !gu(a!" + !cu!nt!" !n t!" %im!n"i$n!". E( #at&n #u!%! !#!ti"! mi(($n!" %! v!c!" %!nt$ %! un ci"ta( %a%$.

3)1T#(* 6 *%+&,%&+"* ,+*%"'"*)! E"t$" "$n: 74 c21ica c!nta%a !n !( cu!#$ 3BCC4' 84 c21ica c!nta%a !n (a" caa" 3FCC4' + 94 5!-ag$na( %! !m#a)u!tami!nt$ c$m#act$ 3CP4. 3)2I.#+8,,(*  ,+*%"'*)!  La" %i"tinta" im#!f!cci$n!" !n ($" "&(i%$" ci"ta(in$" tam1i,n "! %!n$minan %!f!ct$". Am1$" t,min$"' im#!f!cci&n $ %!f!ct$' "! !fi!!n a (a" %!"viaci$n!" !n !( #at&n !gu(a %! (a !"tuctua %! !% ci"ta(ina. 3)2)1D8,%(* #&%&"'*)!  S$n im#!f!cci$n!" !n (a !"tuctua ci"ta(ina )u! inv$(ucan +a "!a un "$($ /t$m$ $ vai$" %! !(($". Ent! !"t$" "! !ncu!ntan: "; 5",","' !" !( %!f!ct$ m/" "im#(!' )u! inv$(uca (a fa(ta %! un /t$m$ %!nt$ %! (a !"tuctua %! !%