La Música en La Antigua Grecia y Roma

 

Bf H÷sn`f ik bf fktnouf Ori`nf y ]lhf

Bf pfbfmrf «h÷sn`fº cirnvf ci bf pfbfmrf orniof ¹μωπξηΫ (husnjî), qui snoknst`fmf «ribftnvl f bfs husfsº.  ‒Bfs husfs, ik bls ribftls hètn`ls, irfk kuivi y istfmfk ribf`nlkfcfs `lk f`tnvncfcis `lhl bf plisèf, bf anstlrnf, bf trfoicnf, bf `lhicnf l bf cfkzf‘

 

 Bls orniols orniols kl tikèfk tikèfk ib hnshl hnshl `lk`ip `lk`iptl tl ci h÷sn`f qui tikihls f`tufbhikti   Slcls bls plitfs bèrn`ls y crfhæt crfhætn`ls n`ls ci bf îpl`f kl sðbl virsndn`fmfk, snkl qui tfhmnîk `lhplkèfk h÷sn`f y `fktfmfk `lhl uk tlcl. Fb pfri`ir, trfs uk prnhir vèk`ubl `lk ib `fktl hlkðcn`l (slbnstf), fpfri`nð tfhmnîk ltrl `lk bf cfkzf y ib `fktl `lrfb.

 

Ik oikirfb, si plcèf cnstnkounr cls tnpls ci h÷sn`f7 bf plpubfr, ci bf qui kls tixtls afk bbiofcl fboukls `lk kltf`nlkis husn`fbis hicnfkti bitrfs, y kl bf  prldisnlkfb, ci bf qui sfmihls fpikfs kfcf.

BF H×PN@F CI BLP CNLPIP

 

6. Bls orniols ci

bf Fktnoòicfc ftrnmuyik f bf h÷sn`f df`ubtfcis hæon`fs. Ufrf ibbls bf h÷sn`f  puici sir `fpfz ci `urfr ikdirhicfcis, hlcndn`fr bf `lkcu`tf ci bfs pirslkfs.

=.  Fb cnls Airhis si bi ftrnmuyi bf nkvik`nðk ci

bf bnrf, qui sio÷k `uiktf bf biyikcf, `lkstruyð `ufkcl irf huy piquiöl `lk uk `fpfrfzðk ci tlrtuof. Pubiairhfkl quiuk irfrimföl huy ci ikvncnlsl, `fhmnðFplbl, bf bnrf plr vf`fs, plr isl ik tlcfs bfs nhæoikis fpfri`i Fplbl `lk bf bnrf.  

 

0. Ltrf biyikcf orniof `uiktf bf anstlrnf cib cnls Ufk, fb qui si riprisiktf `lk bf `fmizf y ib trlk`l ci alhmri y bfs ixtrihncfcis nkdirnlris ci hf`al `fmrèl (f isti tnpl ci sir hntlbðon`l si biciciklhnkf bf nkvik`nðk ci bf ‒dbfutf pfk‘. ‒sætnrl‘). Uuis mnik, f isti cnls si bi ftrnmuyi @uiktf bf biyikcf qui su mibbf fhfcf Pnrnkoi hurnð y si `lkvnrtnð ik `föf. @lk istf `föf, Ufk anzl ukf dbfutf ci vfrnls tumls. Isti nkstruhiktl f÷k si utnbnzf ik bf f`tufbncfc ik fboukfs rionlkis ci Bftnklfhîrn`f y si `lkl`i `lk ib klhmri ci ci dbfutf ci pfk l snrnkof, cimncl f bf hntlbloèf orniof.

Anstlrnf

 

Îpl`f fr`fn`f. Afstf ib snobl 4tl f.@.

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Urlpnfhikti `lhnikzf ik ib snobl 1vl f.@., cispuîs ci bf bbfhfcf îpl`f ls`urf, pirl  plcihls ixtikcirbf af`nf ftræs afstf bls lrèoikis ci bf `ubturf orniof.  Îpl`f `bæsn`f. Pnobls 9tl y 3tl f.@. Nk`buyi ib bbfhfcl snobl ci Uirn`bis, plr bf nhplrtfk`nf ci isti cnrnoikti ftikniksi. Is bf îpl`f ci bls orfkcis træon`ls (Isqunbl, Pðdl`bis, Iurèpncis), ci bls orfkcis stbðsldls (Pð`rftis, Ubftðk, Frnstðtibis) Frnstðtibis) y cib ci b frti `bæsn`l (p.ig. ib Ufrtikðk ci F Ftikfs). tikfs).

 

 

Îpl`f aibikèstn`f. Cisci stkfbis cib snobl 3tl f.@., `lk

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bf ixpfksnðk orniof af`nf Fsnf y Ædrn`f trfs bfs `lkqunstfs ci Fbigfkcrl Hfokl. Ib risubtfcllr dui bf ixtiksnðk ci bfbf`ubturf orniof f tlcl ib Hicntirrækil lrniktfb. niktfb. Sirhnkf Sirhnkf `lk nk`lrplrf`nðk cistkntnvf f ]lhf ik ib snobl 6rl f.@ .

 

Ori`nf Fukqui is oilorædn`fhikti pfrti ci Iurlpf, su h÷sn`f irf  priclhnkfktihiktii fsnætn`f.  priclhnkfktihikt Ibbls cimèfk f bls ionp`nls, f bls snrnls, fb Fsnf Hiklr, y f Dikn`nf bf nkvik`nðk ci bls nkstruhiktls usfmfk: cnirlk f cls ci qui sus prnk`npfbis tlkfbncfcis klhmris cirnvfcls ci pfèsis fsnætn`ls, Drnonf y Bncnf.

@F]F@SI]ÈPSN@FP CI BF H×PN@F O]NIOF

 

6. Bf h÷sn`f orniof si cndukcèf oikirfbhikti plr trfkshnsnðk lrfb, bls tixtls irfk mfstfkti is`fsls ik fquibbf îpl`f. Bf pfbfmrf y bls oistls (is ci`nr bf plisèf y bf cfkzf) vfk f nr snihpri ukncfs f bf h÷sn`f. =. Plk huy pl`ls bls drfohiktls ci h÷sn`f orniof qui kls afk quicfcl (plcrèfhls afmbfr ci ukls 35), ixtrfècls ci nks`rnp`nlkis ik  pnicrf, ci pfpnrls y ltrls ristls frquilbðon`ls, pirl afy qui tikir ik `uiktf qui `ufbqunir ri`lkstru``nðk is slbl ukf fprlxnhf`nðk f su h÷sn`f.  

 

Bf h÷sn`f orniof is hlkðcn`f, istl kl quniri ci`nr qui

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`fktik f ukf slbf vlz, snkl qui tlcfs bfs vl`is `fktfk f bf viz. Nk`busl bls nkstruhiktls f`lhpföfmfk nhntfkclf fbhlcl `fktfkti, ik l`fsnlkis rifbnzfmfk piquiöls fclrkls ci nhprlvnsf`nðk y f istf tî`kn`f si bi `lkl`i `lk ib klhmri ci aitirldlkèf. Bf dlrhf ci kltf`nðk orniof irf fbdfmîtn`f, bfs fbturfs cib slkncl si riprisiktfk hicnfkti bitrfs cib fbdfmitl orniol.

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Ib rnthl bl ridbigfk hicnfkti bls pnis hîtrn`ls,

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utnbnzfcls ik bf plisèf, qui slk ukls snokls (rfyfs, puktls l sihn`èr`ubls), `lbl`fcls slmri bfs bitrfs, qui nkcn`fk `lhmnkf`nlkis ci vfblris `lrtls y bfrols.

 

Ib ipntfdnl ci Pinjnbls is ib drfohiktl husn`fb `lhpbitl hæs fktnoul qui ixnsti. Pi trftf ci ukf `lbuhkf dukirfrnf qui cftf cib snobl =cl f.@. y qui dui ik`frofcf  plr Pinjnbls, pfrf alkrfr bf huirti ci su hugir Iutirpi. Dui ik`lktrfcf ik Fncnk Fncnk (S (Surquèf) urquèf)

Pnstihf Husn`fb

 

NKSI]TFBLP Bf h÷sn`f orniof irf dukcfhiktfbhikti hlkðcn`f, fuk qui ib

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f`lhpföfhniktl nkstruhiktfb plcèf `rifr tixturfspfrf aitirldlkn`fs. S iknikcl istl ik `uiktf, ib `lk`iptl dukcfhiktfb ib cisfrrlbbl cib snstihf is ib nktirvfbl.

Bls nktirvfbls dukcfhiktfbis dukcfhiktfbis ci bf h÷sn`f orniof irfk bf l`tfvf l cnfpfsðk, bf qunktf l cnfpikti y bf `ufrtf l cnftisfrðk, qui `lrrisplkcèfk f bls nktirvfbls stgls ci bf fstkf`nðk ci ukf `ètfrf: ib tnpl hæs afmntufb ci `ètfrf ik îpl`f `bæsn`f tikèf l`al `uircfs. Ib ltrl Pi ftrnmuyi f Untæolrfs –ltrls bl af`ik f Bfsl– Ib nktirvfbl nhplrtfkti ik ib snstihf husn`fb orniol irf ib tlkl.

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Bls oîkirls

 

Ib cnftðkn`l, ib `rlhætn`l y ib ikfrhðkn`l, bls tris oîkirls ci bf h÷sn`f orniof, duirlk bf hæxnhf pruimf ci qui bfs cls kltf`nlkis irfk hæs mnik tfmbfturfs qui cisnokf`nlkis is`rntfs ci fbturfs slklrfs. 

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is`fbf `lhpuistf ci Bls orniols bbfhfmfk cnftðkn`l ‐`lhl klsltrls‐ f ukf is`fbf `nk`l tlkls iktirls y cls sihntlkls, l sif qui tikèf cls tlkls iktirls y uk sihntlkl ik `fcf titrf`lrcl. Ib oîkirl (oikus) `rlhætn`l (ik bfs pfbfmrfs ci Frèstncis Vunktnbnfkl ‒`lhl e`rlhf³ `lblr, nktrlcu`ncl iktri bi mbfk`l y ib kiorl‘) irf ib ‒cub`èsnhl‘ oîkirl y ib higlr pfrf ixprisfr bf trnstizf. Yk titrf`lrcl ikfrhðkn`l `lksnstèf ik ukf tir`irf hfylr y cls hn`rl tlkls ci (hæs l hikls) uk `ufrtl ci tlkl `fcf ukl. Plbl ukf piquiöf mfrrf ftrfvisfkcl ib prnhirl ci bls tris sèhmlbls, nkcn`fmf ib oîkirl `rlhætn`l. Istl  pruimf qui bf kltf`nðk orniof orniof snokndn`fmf cnontf`nðk, cnontf`nðk, y kl kltfs

 

Sitrf`lrcl  Bf mfsi cib snstihf husn`fb orniol irf ib titrf`lrcl,   su`isnðk ci `uftrl kltfs `lk cnstfk`nf ci `ufrtf iktri bfs ixtrihfs.   Bfs cls kltfs nktirnlris si plcèfk fstkfr ci cnstnktfs hfkirfs, cfkcl `lhl risubtfcls vfrnls oîkirls cib titrf`lrcl. Cnftðkn`l7 6 tlkl @rlhætn`l7 6 6 = tlkl Ikfrhðkn`l7 = tlkls

 

Bls snstihfs

Irfk uknlkis ci vfrnls titrf`lrcnls cib hnshl oîkirl, qui plcèfk uknrsi ci dlrhf `lkguktf (`lhikzfkcl uk titrf`lrcl `lk bf kltf stkfb cib fktirnlr)l cnsguktf (f cnstfk`nf ci tlkl).

 

Slkls Bl ixpuistl afstf fquè ik `ufktl f titrf`lrcnls, titrf`lrcn ls, snstihfs y ispi`nis ci bf l`tfvf si ristiri slbfhikti f bf cnstrnmu`nðk ci bls nktirvfbls, kl f fbturfs `lk`ritfs ci bls slkncls.

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Ib `lk`iptl orniol ribf`nlkfcl `lk bf fbturf fbtur f rifb is tlkl (σςθμύ), qui ik orniol snoknst`f «tiksnðkº y af`i ridirik`nf f bf hfylr l hiklr tiksnðk ci bfs `uircfs, qui prlvl`fmfk ukf hfylr l hiklr fbturf ci bls slkncls. Ixnstèfk afstf qunk`i tlkls, fdnkfkcl ib snstihf ik `fcf sihntlkl ik ib nktirvfbl ci ukf klvikf.

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F bls tlkls tfhmnîk si bis cciklhnkfmf iklhnkfmf `lk fcgitnvls ci c i ridirik`nf oiloræst`f (clrnl, drnonl...) `lhpbn`fkcl hæs f÷k bf tirhnklbloèf.

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Ib rnthl Ib rnthl si mfsfmf ik bf prlslcnf, bf  prlkuk`nf`nðk ci bls virsls, tiknikcl ik `uiktf bf su`isnðk ci sèbfmfs bfrofs y mrivis. Bls `lk`iptls `iktrfbis irfk frsns y tisnstisns, hlvnhniktl y riplsl, qui lrofknzfk bfs drfsis husn`fbis ik dfsi cnkæhn`fs y istætn`fs fbtirkftnvfhikti.

 

Bf kltf`nðk Bf kltf`nðk husn`fb fpfri`nð fprlxnhfcfhikti ik ib snobl NNN f.@. Bls orniols usfrlk clsbbfhfcf snstihfskltf`nðk cndiriktis ci kltf`nðk. Ykfhæs hæs fktnouf, oikirfbhikti nkstruhiktfb y ukf tfrcèf bbfhfcf vl`fb.

 

Silrèfs  

Bfs tilrèfs orniofs slmri bf h÷sn`f qui afk tikncl ukf hfylr nk﬍uik`nf slmri bf h÷sn`f iurlpif plstirnlr slk cls7  

 Bf tilrèf «kuhîrn`fº l «hftihætn`fº, ribf`nlkfcf `lk `lk`iptl ci «frhlkèf cici bfsorfk isdirfsº,  y bfibtilrèf «îtn`fº, l cib itals, nhplrtfk`nf slmri tlcl ik bls fspi`tls cncæ`tn`ls ci bf h÷sn`f.

 

Frhlkèf ci bfs Isdirfs Sniki su lrnoik ik bf is`uibf pntfoðrn`f. l

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Ik istf, si `lksncirfmf qui tlcl ib `lshls istæ `lhpuistl ci prlplr`nlkis kuhîrn`fs. Ib cis`umrnhniktl ci qui bls nktirvfbls husn`fbis `lrrisplkcik f prlplr`nlkis kuhîrn`fs snhpbis, ftrnmuncl afmntufbhikti f Untæolrfs, anzl qui bf h÷sn`f duirf `lksncirfcf plr bls siounclris ci isti `lhl uk ri﬍igl ci bf istru`turf cib `lshls. Bf nhfoik `lshlbðon`f ci bf fktnoòicfc pbfktifmf uk uknvirsl `lk bf Snirrf ik su `iktrl, rlcifcf ci su`isnvfs isdirfs `lk`îktrn`fs `lk` îktrn`fs ik bfs qui si nksirtfmfk bls "pbfkitfsº, bls fstrls `lkl`ncls iktlk`is7 bf Bukf, ib Plb, Tikus, Tikus, Hir`urnl, Hfrti, G÷pntir y Pfturkl. Ykf l`tfvf isdirf `lktikèf bfs istribbfs. i stribbfs. Slcfs Slcfs istfs isdirfs onrfmfk fbriciclr ci bf Snirrf f vibl`ncfci vibl`ncfciss cndiriktis. Bls pntfoðrn`ls sfmèfk qui ib slkncl prl`ici cib hlvnhniktl, plr bl qui piksfmfk qui ib hlvnhniktl `fcfisdirfs isdirf cimèf prlcu`nr uk slknclcihusn`fb cnstnktl: ib `lkguktl ci bls slkncls ci bfscil`al `lkstourfmf bf frhlkèf bfs isdirfs.

 

Silrèf cib itals Sfhmnîk tniki su lrnoik ik bfs tilrèfs pntfoðrn`fs7 

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Fb noufb qui ib `lshls, ib sir auhfkl tfhmnîk istæ `lhpuistl ci  prlplr`nlkis hftihætn`fs, hftihætn`fs, qui rioubfk bf ribf`nðk iktri iktri `uirpl y fbhf y iktri `fcf pfrti ci istf. Ulr tfktl, bf h÷sn`f puici ri﬍igfr bf istru`turf  psèqun`f ci uk sir auhfkl, y fsè fsè si ribf`nlkf `lk bls bls cndiriktis istfcls ci æknhl. Yk pfsl fcibfkti ik istf `lk`ip`nðk pbfktifmf qui bf h÷sn`f plcèf hlcibfr ib `lhplrtfhniktl ci ukf pirslkf sn si utnbnzfmf `lks`niktihikti ik su prl`isl ci dlrhf`nðk: cndiriktis h÷sn`fs plcèfk `lkstourfr cndiriktis pirslkfbncfcis.

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Ik bf f`tufbncfc afy vnsnlkis ci bf h÷sn`f `ir`fkfs f bf tilrèf cib itals, `lhl puici sir bf husn`ltirfpnf.

 

Nkstruhiktls Iktri bls nkstruhiktls ci `uircf, ib hæs cistf`fcl dui snk cucf bf bnrf (κὺφζ), `uyf istru`turf irf huy pfri`ncf f bf ci bfs frpfs ionp`nfs y dikn`nfs. Bfs hæs fktnoufs ik`lktrfcfs cftfk ci îpl`f hn`îkn`f (64556695 f. @.) y `lkstfk ` lkstfk ci l`al `uircfs.

 

Bf `ètfrf (ηξαὶφζ)Sikèf cls vfrnfktis, ukf piquiöf, pfrf usl dfhnbnfr, ci sniti `uircfs y `lk `fgf ik dlrhf ci airrfcurf, bf `ètfrf ci `ukf, y ltrf hfylr, ci usl prldisnlkfb, ci iktri sniti y cl`i `uircfs y ci `fgf ri`tf ik bf mfsi y `ðk`fvf ik bf pfrti plstirnlr  Iktri bls nkstruhiktls ci vniktl ib  prnk`npfb irf ib fubðs (ζὕκ὾ύ), qui si rihlktf fb s. 1vl f. @. y `uyf nkvik`nðk ftrnmuèfk f bf cnlsf Ftikif. Sikèf `uftrl fougirls ik su tuml, qui plcèf sir ci hfcirf l `föf, y  prlcu`èf uk slknclfb cib cub`i  pikitrfkti, pfri`ncl f`tufby

lmli.  

Ltrl nkstruhiktl ci vniktl irf bf snrnkof (πῤφξΰλ), fpfri`ncf tfrcèfhikti, af`nf ib s. NT f. @., qui plcèf sir ci uk slbl tuml, pfri`ncf f kuistrf dbfutf ci pn`l l cub`i, l hæs dri`uiktihikti ci cni`nsîns `föfs, cnspuistfs bfs hæs bfrofs ik ib `iktrl y bfs hæs `lrtfs ik bls `lstfcls l vn`ivirsf, ik ukf cnsplsn`nðk snhnbfr f bfs dbfutfs ci Ufk fkcnkfs l zfhplöfs.

 

Ik ib Pnobl 0rl f. @. fpfri`nð uk nkstruhiktl dukcfhiktfb ik ib cisfrrlbbl plstirnlr ci bf h÷sn`f iurlpif, bf ancræubnci (Ὑγφζωκξύ), nkviktfcf plr @tisnmnl ci Fbigfkcrèf.  Pi trftfmf ci uk ðrofkl ancræubn`l qui duk`nlkfmf prisnlkfkcl uk ti`bfcl rucnhiktfrnl ci `lmri qui hicnfkti ukls pnstlkis y `lhprislris nksudbfmf fnri plr ukls tumls, `uyf prisnðk irf rioubfcf plr `nirtf `fktncfc ci fouf qui afmèf ik su nktirnlr. 

 

@rðtfbls7 

Uiquiöls  pbftnbbls qui si iktri`al`fmfk. Ik  prnk`npnl irfk cls pnizfs `ðk`fvfs ci hfcirf y hæs tfrci ci hitfb.

 

@frf`tirèstn`fs cib `fktl oriolrnfkl. l

 Istæ cistnkfcl f bf bnturonf, is ci`nr, snrvi pfrf rizfr. rizfr.

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Pi `fktfk ik bftèk.

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Pu tixturf is hlkðcn`f snhpbi, is ci`nr, tlcls bls hlkgis `fktfk bf hnshf bèkif hibðcn`f y kl si f`lhpföfk plr nkstruhiktls. Ib rnthl is bnmri, citirhnkfcl plr bf f`iktuf`nðk cib tixtl. Ytnbnzf hlcls ik buofr ci tlkls, is ci`nr, bfs is`fbfs slk l`al y bfs `lkstruyik ci dlrhf kfturfb f pfrtnr ci bfs kltfs ci bf is`fbf

Is`u`af ib Jyrni Ibinslk. Bf bitrf cn`i7"Piölr, tik pnicfc, @rnstl tik  pnicfc, Piölr tik pnicfc

l

 

Β÷sn`f y Icu`f`nðk 

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Bf h÷sn`f cisihpiöfmf uk pfpib priplkcirfkti ik ib snstihf icu`ftnvl orniol. F tlcls bls `nucfcfkls si bis dlrhfmf pfrf qui `lkl`nirfk bls `lk`iptls husn`fbis mæsn`ls y ukf `nirtf `fpf`ncfc ci usfr bf vlz y tl`fr nkstruhiktls. Ib lmgitnvl irf `ubtnvfr ib fbhf pfrf qui istuvnirf iqunbnmrfcf y tihpbfcf `lk rispi`tl fb cisfrrlbbl dèsn`l, kl sðbl pfrf bf prlpnf dlrhf`nðk cib nkcnvncul snkl tfhmnîk pfrf qui îsti si snktnirf nktiorfcl ik bfs `ibimrf`nlkis y f`tls `lbi`tnvls ci bf `lhukncfc.

 

Hu`afs orf`nfs plr su ftik`nðk.