La Locomotora

 

]KCYM_PCLFL KF@CAKFG LM PFK FK\AKCA FOFL LMG @]P@A IF@]G\FL LM CKHMKCM_CF @CYCG

]KCYM_PCLFL KF@CAKFG LM PFK FK\AKCA FOFL LMG @]P@A

IF@]G\FL LM F_V]C\M@\]_F M CKHMKCM_CF @CYCG MP@]MGF Z_AIMPCAKFG LM CKHMKCM_CF @CYCG GCKMF LM \_FKPZA_\MP

IM__A@F__CGMP \MBF4 GF GA@ABA\A_F  

FG]BKAP4

Lcfz Bakhm, Lmyvcs

60:?8?

 

Bfbfkc Vucspm, Lfrwck

6?63

 

Zak`m \fpcf, Iforczzca

6069?3

 Sfnufyrc Bfbfkc, Xfglcr O.

6003?<

 



6=:0:9

LA@MK\M4

  CKH. KMBMPCA _F]G @FP\_A @@AP@A PMBMP\_M ?:?:

 

]KCYM_PCLFL KF@CAKFG LM PFK FK\AKCA FOFL LMG @]P@A IF@]G\FL LM CKHMKCM_CF @CYCG

@aktmkcla GF GA@ABA\A_F.................. GA@ABA\A_F................................. ............................. ............................. ............................. ............................. .............................. ............................. .................... ......< < GA@ABA\A_FP S \_F@@CÐK................... \_F@@CÐK.................................. ............................. ............................. ............................. ............................................. ............................... < MYAG]@CÐK LM GFP GA@ABA\A_FP……………………………………………………………………………………………..= GA@ABA\A_FP……………………………………………………………………………………………..= GA@ABA\A_F F YFZA_........................... YFZA_.......................................... ............................. ............................. ............................. ........................................ .......................... 9 GA@ABA\A_F MGÃ@\_C@F.................... MGÃ@\_C@F.................................. ............................. .............................. ............................. ............................. ...............................= ................= GA@ABA\A_F LCMPMG....................... LCMPMG...................................... ............................. ............................. ............................. ............................. .................................. ...................9 9 GA@ABA\A_F LCMPMG MGM@\_C@F................... MGM@\_C@F.................................. ............................. ............................. .............................. .................................. ................... 8 GA@ABA\A_F LCMPMG NCL_F]GC@F...................... NCL_F]GC@F..................................... ............................. ............................. ........................................... ............................ 8 \CZAP LM GA@ABA\A_FP................... GA@ABA\A_FP.................................. ............................. ............................. .............................. ............................. ................................. .....................> ..> LMICKC@CAK GA@ABA\A_F F YFZA_.............................. YFZA_............................................. ............................. .......................................... ................................> ....> LMICKC@CAK GA@ABA\A_F LCMPMG........................ LCMPMG....................................... ............................. ............................. ........................................ ......................... 6: LMICKC@CAK GA@ABA\A_F LCMPMG MGM@\_C@F ...................................... .......................................................................... .................................... 66   LMICKC@CAK GA@ABA\A_F LCMPMG NCL_F]GC@F ............................ ........................................... .............................. ............................. .............. 66 LMICKC@CAK GA@ABA\A_F MGÃ@\_C@F..................... MGÃ@\_C@F.................................... ............................. ............................. .....................................6? ......................6? MPI]M_TAP LM GF GA@ABA\A_F.................... GA@ABA\A_F.................................. ............................. .............................. ............................. ................................. .....................60 ..60 ZA\MK@CF................... ZA\MK@CF..... ............................. .............................. ............................. ............................. ............................. ............................. ........................................ .........................60 60 MPI]M_TA LM \_F@@CÐK.................... \_F@@CÐK.................................. ............................. ............................. ............................. ..............................................6< ...............................6< MDM_@C@CA LM FZGC@F@CÐK................... FZGC@F@CÐK................................. ............................. .............................. ............................. ............................. ..............................63 ...............63 I]K@CAKFBCMK\A I]K@CAKFBC MK\A LM ]K \_MK LM FG\F YMGA@CLFL........................ YMGA@CLFL...................................... ....................................... .............................?: ....?: I]K@CAKFBCMK\A I]K@CAKFBC MK\A BA\A_ LM @A__CMK\M FG\M_KF............................... FG\M_KF................................................................ .................................?6 ?6 I]K@CAKFBCMK\A I]K@CAKFBC MK\A BM@ÆKC@A LMG \_MK............................ \_MK.......................................... ............................. .............................. ..........................?6 ...........?6 A\_AP PCP\MBFP LM BAYCBCMK\A FZGC@FLAP F \_MKMP........................ \_MKMP....................................... .................................?? ..................?? ZMPA LMG \_MK......................... \_MK....................................... ............................. ............................. ............................. .............................. ............................. ..............................?0 ................?0 ZMPA MK BAYCBCMK\A............... BAYCBCMK\A.............................. .............................. ............................. ............................. .................................................... .....................................?< ?< _MPCP\MK@CF _MPCP\MK@C F FGBAYCBCMK\A S BF\M_CFG BA\A_.......................... BA\A_......................................... .............................. .............................. ...............?< ?<   _MPCP\MK@CF MK _M@\F NA_CTAK\FG...................... NA_CTAK\FG..................................... ............................. ............................. .......................................?< ........................?<   _MPCP\MK@CF _MPCP\MK@CF LMOCLA F GF _ALFL]_F.............. _ALFL]_F............................. ............................. ............................. ..................................... ..........................?< ....?<  

_MPCP\MK@CF _MPCP\MK@CF F GFP @FDFP LM H_FPFP........................... H_FPFP.......................................... .............................. ..................................... ............................. .......?= ?=   _MPCP\MK@CF _MPCP\MK@CF ZA_ ZM_LCLF ZM_LCLF LM MKM_HCF............. MKM_HCF............................ .............................. ............................. ..................................... .........................?= ..?=   _MPCP\MK@CF _MPCP\MK@CF FM_ALCKFBC@F............................ FM_ALCKFBC@F........................................... .............................. ............................. ............................. ...........................?= ............?=

 

]KCYM_PCLFL KF@CAKFG LM PFK FK\AKCA FOFL LMG @]P@A IF@]G\FL LM CKHMKCM_CF @CYCG

  _MPCP\MK@CF LMOCLA F GFP GFP @]_YFP.......................... @]_YFP......................................... .............................. .............................................. ............................... ?9   _MPCP\MK@CF LMOCLA F GFP _FBZFP................ _FBZFP............................... .............................. ............................. ............................. ...........................?8 ............?8 MPI]M_TAP.................... MPI]M_TAP..... .............................. ............................. ............................. ............................. ............................. .............................. ..................................... ...................... ?8 GAKHC\]L YC_\]FG.......................... YC_\]FG......................................... .............................. ............................. ............................. ............................. ................................?> ..................?> \MA_ÂF LMG LMP@F__CGFBCMK\A.............. LMP@F__CGFBCMK\A............................. ............................. ............................. .............................. ............................. ...........................0: .............0: HMKM_FGCLFLMP................ HMKM_FGCLFLMP. .............................. ............................. ............................. .............................. ............................. ............................. .................................0: ..................0: IA_B]GFP LM KFLFG S GFIIC\M............................... GFIIC\M.............................................. ............................. ............................. .................................... .....................06 06 _MIM_MK@CFP................ _MIM_MK@CFP.. ............................. .............................. ............................. ............................. .............................. ............................. .....................................60:. Gfs trms gâkmfs utcgczfofk ga`abatarfs `akstruclfs par Hmarhm Ptmpnmksak. 6 Gfs ga`abatarfs mgã`trc`fs mxcstmk lmslm ickfgms lmg schga ^C^, pmra mg fgta `astm lm gf ckstfgf`cðk y gf duvmktul lm gf tm`kagahâf gfs rmgmhfrak f usas `ak`rmtas

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]KCYM_PCLFL KF@CAKFG LM PFK FK\AKCA FOFL LMG @]P@A IF@]G\FL LM CKHMKCM_CF @CYCG

`aba, par mdmbpga, gas hrfklms pumrtas lm baktföf lm Puczf Puczf laklm,  laklm, fuk f pmsfr lmg saorm`astm, lfofk bmdarms rmsugtflas qum gfs ga`abatarfs lm vfpar.

MYAG]@CÐK LM GFP GA@ABA\A_FP

GA@ABA\A_F F YFZA_ Gf prcbmrf ga`abatarf lm vfpar ium `akstruclf par mg orctækc`a _c`nfrl \rmvctnc`e mk 6>:0. Mg ?< lm imormra lm 6>:< \rmvctnc`e gahrð flfptfr gf bæquckf lm vfpar, qum sm utcgczfof lmslm prck`cpcas lmg schga ^YCCC pfrf oabomfr fhuf, pfrf qum tcrfrf ukf bæquckf ga`abavcogm qum ncza `cr`ugfr f ukf vmga`clfl lm > eb/n frrfstrfkla `ck`a vfhakms, `frhflas `ak 6: takmgflfs lm f`mra y 8:

naborms, saorm ukf vâf lm 6= eb lm gf iuklc`cðk lm Zmk-y-Lfrrmk, mk Hfgms lmg sur.

=

 

]KCYM_PCLFL KF@CAKFG LM PFK FK\AKCA FOFL LMG @]P@A IF@]G\FL LM CKHMKCM_CF @CYCG

GA@ABA\A_F MGÃ@\_C@F 

]kf ga`abatarf mgã`trc`f tcpa "`fbmgga" lm HM. Mstm mdmbpgfr mstæ mqucpfla `ak tragmys pfrf trfofdfr mk imrra`frrcgms cktmrurofkas.

Mg prcbmr imrra`frrcg mgã`trc`a `aka`cla ium `akstrucla par uk ms`a`ãs, _aomrt Lfvclsak lm Fomrlmmk, mk 6>83 y mrf cbpugsfla par `mglfs hfgvækc`fs ('oftmrâfs'). Lfvclsak `akstruyð, bæs tfrlm, ukf hrfk ga`abatarf ggfbflf Hfgvfkc gf `ufg ium mxncoclf mk gf Mxncoc`cðk lm gf _ayfg P`attcsn Pa`cmty ai Frts lm 6>>0.

GA@ABA\A_F LCMPMG Mk 636?, mk Hrfk Ormtföf, sm fpgc`f uk batar Lfcbgmr lm 9

 

]KCYM_PCLFL KF@CAKFG LM PFK FK\AKCA FOFL LMG @]P@A IF@]G\FL LM CKHMKCM_CF @CYCG

hfsagckf f ukf pmqumöf ga`abatarf, pmra smræ mg batar ckvmktfla par _ulagi Lcãsmg mg qum lfræ gas bæs orcggfktms rmsugtflas mk su fpgc`f`cðk f gf trf``cðk imrravcfrcf.

Lcãsmg ggmhð fg batar qum ggmvf su kaborm trfs uk gfrha pmrâala lm mstulca lm gf bæquckf lm vfpar, fprm`cfkla qum hrfk pfrtm lm su mkmrhâf ka sm trfksiarbfof mk trfofda ôtcg5 ium mktak`ms `ufkla `ak`cocð uk batar qum qumbfof mg `aboustcogm mk mg cktmrcar lmg `cgcklra, ckigfbæklaga par bmlca lmg `fgar pralu`cla par gf `abprmscðk lmg fcrm. Mg prcbmr batar `akstrucla par Lcãsmg `ak rmsugtflas pasctcvas ium mk 636?.

Ga`abatarf lcãsmg- mgã`trc`f Mk gf lã`flf lm 63?:, gf trfksbcscðk lcãsmgmgã`trc`f tuva par prcbmrf vmz uk usa gcbctfla mk `akbutflarms (a hufrlfhudfs), gfs ga`abatarfs utcgczflfs pfrf bavmr gas trmkms mk gas pftcas lmg imrra`frrcg fgrmlmlar y baktfdm y lmsbaktfdm lm mggas. ]kf lm gfs prcbmrfs `abpföâfs qum airm`mk "Acgga`abatarfs mgã`trc`fs" ium gf Fbmrc`fk Ga`abatcvm @abpfky (FG@A).

Ga`abatarf lcãsmg-nclræugc`f Gfs Erfuss Bfiimc BG

 

]KCYM_PCLFL KF@CAKFG LM PFK FK\AKCA FOFL LMG @]P@A IF@]G\FL LM CKHMKCM_CF @CYCG

pumlmk smr lm las a `uftra tcmbpas, scmkla buy utcgczflas gas lm las tcmbpas. Gf trfsbcscðk lm gf patmk`cf sm rmfgczf `ak trfksbcscðk trfksbcscðk bm`ækc`f  bm`ækc`f `akvmk`cakfg mk lrmsckfs,, imrraousms imrraousms,, futabatarms futabatarms y  y pmqumöfs ga`abatarfs lm bfkcaorf, lrmsckfs bæquckfs fuxcgcfrms. Mk ga`abatarfs lm bfyar patmk`cf, gf trfksbcscðk bm`ækc`f ka ms flm`uflf y sm sustctuym par gf trfsbcscðk nclræugc`f a mgã`trc`f. Mxcstmk ga`abatarfs lcãsmg lm trfksbcscðk mgã`trc`f a nclræugc`f frrfstrfkla trmkms lm vcfdmras `fpf`ms lm supmrfr gas ?=: eb/n. ]kf ga`abatarf lcãsmg-mgã`trc`f sm `aksclmrf mg bmlca lm trf``cðk pfrf imrra`frrcgms bæs cklc`fla `ufkla gfs pmklcmktms y  y trmkms trmkms lm  lm `aklc`cakms sak flvmrsfs4 tmbpmrfturfs ofda `mra, iumrtms pmklcmktms hrfk takmgfdm.

Ga`abatarfs lcãsmg-mgã`trc`fs  (tfbocãk ggfbflf nâorclf mgã`trc`f) `akscstm oæsc`fbmktm mk las lcãsmg qum  qum `abpakmktms4 uk batar lcãsmg mgã`trc`a,, y bumvm uk hmkmrflar mgã`trc`a vfrcas batarms mgã`trc`as (`aka`clas mgã`trc`as (`aka`clas trf``cðk)) qum `aba batarms lm trf``cðk `abukc`fk f gfs rumlfs (pfrms) gf iumrzf trf`tarf y qum bumvmk gf ga`abatarf. Hmkmrfgbmktm, nfy uk batar lm trf``cðk par `flf mdm, scmkla hmkmrfgbmktm < a 9 mk ukf ga`abatarf tâpc`f. Gas batarms lm trf``cðk sm fgcbmktfk `ak `arrcmktm mgã`trc`f pra`mlmktm lmg hmkmrflar prck`cpfg y gumha, par bmlca lm pcöakms, bumvmk gas mdms mk laklm mstæk f`apgflfs gfs rumlfs. Zar atra gfla, mg trmk pumlm ggmvfr oftmrâfs (qum sm pumlmk rm`frhfr mk pfrflfs prmlmtmrbckflfs) a supmr`aklmksflarms (qum supmr`aklmksflarms  (qum sm pumlmk rm`frhfr mk `umstcðk lm pa`as bckutas mk `flf pfrflf). 3

 

]KCYM_PCLFL KF@CAKFG LM PFK FK\AKCA FOFL LMG @]P@A IF@]G\FL LM CKHMKCM_CF @CYCG

Ga`abatarfs lcãsmg-nclræugc`fs Gfs ga`abatarfs lcãsmg-nclræugc`fs utcgczfk uk scstmbf lm turockfs nclræugc`fs f`apgflfs nclræugc`fs  f`apgflfs mktrm sâ. Mg bm`fkcsba pmrbctm nf`mr ggmhfr gf patmk`cf lm iarbf hrflufg lmslm mg batar  hcrfkla pmrbfkmktmbmktm nf`cf gfs rumlfs qum pfrtmk lm pfrfla. Mg prck`cpfg ck`akvmkcmktm lm mstm scstmbf ms gf ck`fpf`clfl lm bavmr `frhfs buy hrfklms, par ga qum sm usf prck`cpfgbmktm mk futabatarms ]k `a`nm batar lcãsmg, tfbocãk `aka`cla `aba futabatar , pmrtmkm`cmktm fg imrra`frrcg  imrra`frrcg `raftf. `raftf.

GA@ABA\A_FP MGÃ@\_C@FP

Gfs ga`abatarfs mgã`trc`fs sak fqumggfs qum utcgczfk `aba iumktm lm mkmrhâf gf mkmrhâf

6:

 

]KCYM_PCLFL KF@CAKFG LM PFK FK\AKCA FOFL LMG @]P@A IF@]G\FL LM CKHMKCM_CF @CYCG

mgã`trc`f pravmkcmktm mgã`trc`f  pravmkcmktm lm ukf iumktm mxtmrkf, pfrf fpgc`frgf lcrm`tfbmktm f batarms lm trf``cðk mgã`trc`as. Gfs ga`abatarfs mgã`trc`fs rmqucmrmk gf ckstfgf`cðk lm `fogms mgã`trc`as lm fgcbmktf`cðk f ga gfrha lm tala mg rm`arrcla, qum sm sctôfk f ukf fgturf par mk`cbf lm gas trmkms f ick lm mvctfr f``clmktms. Mstf ckstfgf`cðk sm `aka`m `aba `ftmkfrcf `ftmkfrcf,, lmocla f gf iarbf qum flaptf mg `fogm lmg qum `umghf mg `fogm mgm`trcic`fla, qum lmom pmrbfkm`mr pfrfgmga f gfs vâfs. Gfs ga`abatarfs tabfk gf mgm`trc`clfl par uk tragm, qum gf bfyarâf lm gfs vm`ms tcmkm iarbf lm pfktðhrfia pfktðhrfia y  y `aba tfg sm `aka`m. Mk atras `fsas, pumlmk tabfr gf `arrcmktm lm gf prapcf vâf (sm rmqucmrm qum nfyf fg bmkas uk `frrcg mgm`trcic`fla), sck km`msclfl lm `ftmkfrcf kc lm pfktðhrfia. ]kf vmz lmsfrraggflf ukf gâkmf imrravcfrcf pfrf gf `cr`ugf`cðk lm vmnâ`ugas mgã`trc`as, nf`m qum gf mgm``cðk lm mstm tcpa lm trf``cðk smf mg bæs m`akðbc`a, mg bmkas `aktfbckfktm y mg bæs ræpcla. Mk gas föas 63>: sm 63>: sm cktmhrfrak `aba prapugsarms lm vmnâ`ugas mgã`trc`as imrravcfrcas gas batarms fsâk`rakas fsâk`rakas,, y fpfrm`cmrak gas scstmbfs mgm`trðkc`as lm rmhugf`cðk lm patmk`cf qum lcmrak mg mspfglfrfza lmickctcva f gf mgm``cðk lm mstm tcpa lm trf``cðk par gfs `abpföâfs imrravcfrcfs. Gfs lcic`ugtflms lm fpgc`fr gf trf``cðk mgã`trc`f mk zakfs `ak `gcbftagahâf mxtrmbf nf`m qum gfs `abpföâfs y haocmrkas sm ck`gckmk par gf trf``cðk lcãsmg. Gf kcmvm cktmksf y su icgtrf`cðk par vmktcgflarms f gfs `æbfrfs lm fgtf tmkscðk archckfk lmrcvf`cakms lm `cr`uctas mgã`trc`as qum lmsfpfrm`mk fg sm`frsm flm`uflfbmktm mg `cr`ucta, pmra qum lmdfk cksmrvcogms mstfs ga`abatarfs bcmktrfs lurm mg tmbparfg. Gfs ofdfs tmbpmrfturfs nf`mk qum mg ncga lm `aktf`ta lm gf `ftmkfrcf qumlm cksmrvcogm lurfktm bckutas a bmsms, yf qum mstm tcpa lm ga`abatarfs rmqucmrm f`tufgbmktm ukf `akmxcðk `akstfktm sck pãrlclfs lm tmkscðk.

@AKICH]_F@CAKMP MPZM@CFGMP 66

 

]KCYM_PCLFL KF@CAKFG LM PFK FK\AKCA FOFL LMG @]P@A IF@]G\FL LM CKHMKCM_CF @CYCG

@fockf lm `aklu``cðk, Fbomrms `aklu``cðk,  Fbomrms((Oãghc`f Oãghc`f). ). Lurfktm bu`nas föas, gfs ga`abatarfs mstfofk sctuflfs mk gf `fomzf lmg `akvay y lmoâfk `fbocfr lm pasc`cðk `ufkla sm ckvmrtâf mg smktcla lm gf bfr`nf. Mk tcmbpas bæs rm`cmktms, bu`nas trmkms lcspakmk mk uk mxtrmba lm ukf ga`abatarf y mk mg atra lm uk `a`nm lm pfsfdmras `ak ukf `fockf `fockf,, ga qum pmrbctm fg trmk `cr`ugfr mk `ufgqucmrf lm gas las smktclas sck km`msclfl lm balcic`fr gf pasc`cðk lm gf ga`abatarf. Mk mg prcbmr `fsa mg trmk ms frrfstrfla par gf ga`abatarf, y mk mg atra ms mbpudfla, qum mk dmrhf tã`kc`f, sm `aka`m `aba ‗ pusn-pugg ‒. ‒. \fbocãk mxcstm gf vfrcfktm `aka`clf `aba futabatar , laklm ka mxcstm ukf ga`abatarf `aba tfg, scka qum tala mg trmk ms f gf vmz `a`nm lm pfsfdmras y ga`abatarf, a sm cktmr`fgfk rmbagqums sck trf``cðk prapcf mktrm `a`nms futabatarms.

MPI]M_TAP LM GF GA@ABA\A_F @ak`mptas oæsc`as. Iumrzf. Pm lmickm `aba gf f``cðk `fpfz lm pakmr uk `umrpa mk bavcbcmkta, a lm balcic`fr msm bavcbcmkta. Zfrf tcrfr lm uk trmk, gf ga`abatarf lmom lmsfrraggfr ukf `cmrtf iumrzf. Msf iumrzf, saorm pgfka narczaktfg sm mvfgôf mk ecgðhrfbas. Mg msiumrza lm trf``cðk ms gf iumrzf qum gf ga`abatarf lmsfrraggf pfrf tcrfr lmg trmk. \rfofda. ]k iumrzf pralu`m trfofda `ufkla lmspgfzf mg `umrpa lmg qum tcrf a mbpudf. Pc mg lmspgfzfbcmkta tcmkm guhfr schucmkla gf lcrm``cðk lm gf iumrzf, sm 6?

 

]KCYM_PCLFL KF@CAKFG LM PFK FK\AKCA FOFL LMG @]P@A IF@]G\FL LM CKHMKCM_CF @CYCG

bclm mg trfofda bugtcpgc`fkla gf iumrzf mk ehs par mg `fbcka rm`arrcla, mk bmtras. Gf ukclfl lm bmlclf ms mg ‗ecgahræbmtra‒.

ZA\MK@CF Pm ggfbf patmk`cf gf rmgf`cðk mktrm mg trfofda y su lurf`cðk, rmgf`cðk bmlclf par mg trfofda mim`tufla mk uk smhukla, `ufkla mstm trfofda ms ukciarbm. Pc ukf ga`abatarf mdmr`m uk msiumrza lm trf``cðk lm =.::: eh, f 8? eb/n, ms lm`cr ?: bmtras par smhukla (8?.:::/09:: 2 ?:), lmsfrraggfræ =.::: * ?: 2 6::.::: ecgahræbmtras (ehb) par smhukla. Zfrf mvctfr mg bfkmda lm `fktclflms mx`mscvfbmktm hrfklms, sm cktralu`m ukf ukclfl lm bmlclf4 mg @fofgga lm Yfpar (@v), formvcflfbmktm `fofgga, ggfbfkla fsâ f gf patmk`cf lm 8= ehb par smhukla. Mk kumstra `fsa, gf patmk`cf smræ mqucvfgmktm f Z 2 6::.:::/8= 2 6.000,00 @v. Pm mbpgmf tfbocãk atrf ukclfl lm patmk`cf, bæs usflf mk mgm`trc`clfl, mg ecgawftca, qum mqucvfgm f 6:? ehb/smh, fpraxcbflfbmktm. Zfrf aotmkmr gf patmk`cf mk ew, sm bugtcpgc`f pam :,809 gas `fofggas lm vfpar qum sm aotmkhfk5 ckvmrsfbmktm, pumlm bugtcpgc`frsm par 6,0=3, msta ms, (6 / :,809) gf `fktclfl qum vmkhf mxprmsflf mk ew, pfrf aotmkmr gas @v. Gf rmscstmk`cf qum lmom vmk`mr ukf ga`abatarf pfrf pakmrsm mk bfr`nf, nf lm smr ckimrcar fg msiumrza lm trf``cðk bæxcba qum pumlm fg`fkzfr. Zmra, fg bcsba tcmbpa, nf lm smr `fpfz lm lmsfrraggfr msm msiumrza lm trf``cðk sck pftckfr saorm gas rfâgms, ms lm`cr, nf lm tmkmrsm mk `umktf su flnmrmk`cf. Gf rmscstmk`cf ms, par tfkta, gf iumrzf qum gf bæquckf nf lm lmsfrraggfr pfrf pakmr mg trmk mk bavcbcmkta. Gf flnmrmk`cf ms mg if`tar qum gcbctf mg lmsfrragga `abpgmta lmg msiumrza lm trf``cðk.

MPI]M_TA LM \_F@@CÐK Gf iumrzf lm trf``cðk pralu`clf par mg vfpar ka pumlm pfsfr uk lmtmrbckfla gâbctm5 par atrf pfrtm, gfs `aklc`cakms lm flnmrmk`cf cbpakmk uk gâbctm vfrcfogm f mstf iumrzf. Ms prm`csa mvctfr talf `akiuscðk mktrm mstas las gâbctms fg msiumrza 60

 

]KCYM_PCLFL KF@CAKFG LM PFK FK\AKCA FOFL LMG @]P@A IF@]G\FL LM CKHMKCM_CF @CYCG

lmg trf``cðk4 sc mg msiumrza qum pumlm pralu`cr mg vfpar saormpfsf mg qum gf flnmrmk`cf pmrbctm utcgczfr mk `cmrtas babmktas, sm pumlm rmlu`cr mstm msiumrza5 sm pumlm tfbocãk bmdarfr gf flnmrmk`cf `ak fyulf lm frmkf, ga qum gf bmdarfrâf mspaktækmfbmktm `cmrtas lâfs y mk `cmrtfs mstf`cakms. Zmra sc mg msiumrza batar lmg vfpar ms lmbfscfla lãocg, par hrfklm qum smf gf flnmrmk`cf, ka nforæ rmbmlca5 ka sm palræ saormpfsfr mstm ôgtcba, mg lm gf flnmrmk`cf. @ufkla sm `akstruymk bæquckfs patmktms rmlu`cmkla ga bæs pascogm mg pmsa lm sus pcmzfs, sm ggmhf f bmkula f qum gf flnmrmk`cf ms pmqumöf `ak rmspm`ta f gf patmk`cf qum lmsfrraggf5 mstf ms gf `fusf lmg par quã sm nf föflcla pmsa f prapðscta f gfs bæquckfs, sck atra batcva. Mk gfs gckmfs ggfkfs, laklm gfs ga`abatarfs lm bmr`fk`âfs rmbag`fk trmkms qum pmsfk 6.::: takmgflfs y bæs, gf flc`cðk lm fghukfs takmgflfs f gf bæquckf ms fpmkfs cbpartfktm, sc sm gf `abpfrf `ak mg pmsa tatfg. Zmra mk gfs gckmfs lm baktföf, `ak rfbpfs lm ?: a : ð 6:: takmgflfs, sm rmlu`m gf `frhf ôtcg lmg trmk, y msa ka ms cklcimrmktm. @akvcmkm mktak`ms vagvmr flnmrmktm, tfkta `aba smf pascogm, tala mg pmsa km`msfrca pfrf mg batar, mspm`cfgbmktm suprcbcmkla gas tãklmrms smpfrflas. (Zar msa, `fsc talfs gfs ga`abatarfs lm baktföf sak ga`abatarfstmklmr). Mg msiumrza lm trf``cðk, qum fpfrm`m cklc`fla mk gfs tfogfs `ak gfs `frf`tmrâstc`fs lm `flf ga`abatarf, sm `fg`ugf `aba schum. Pc mg vfpar, tabfla f gf prmscðk bæs fgtf qum sapartf gf `fglmrf, mbpudf mg pcstðk par talf su `frrmrf, sck kckhukf pfusf, y mstfkla gf atrf `frf lmg bcsba `abukc`flf `akstfktmbmktm `ak mg ms`fpm, sm aotmklrâf mg bfyar trfofda pascogm par hagpm lm pcstðk. Mstm trfofda ms chufg f gf iumrzf qum mbpudf mg pcstðk bugtcpgc`flf par su `frrmrf4 `ak uk pcstðk lm =: `b lm lcæbmtra, su supmric`cm smræ P 2 0,6