La Justicia Material en Max Weber

 

AE G[TVJDJE HEVKRJEA KN HEP ]KBKR Jntrofuddjôn. -

Ka prkskntk trebego donsjstk kn ae kxposjdjôn fk ae jfke fk gusdje hetkrjea fkserroaaefe fkserroaaefe por Hex ]kbkr kn su obre ‑Kdonohèe y Todjkfef‘, dohprknfjknfo ae jfke fk su tkorèe sodjea y ka derådtkr refjdea fk su sodjoaomèe eatkrneve. Ks nkdkserjo kntknfkr kstk pknsehjknto, `edjknfo êniesjs kn ae nkdksjfef fk `edkr kikdves aes merenes y aos veaorks donstudjoneaks pere quk aes akyks sken dondrkzefes fk henkre efkduefe fkntro fk une sodjkfef. Kn ka trensdurso fka prkskntk knseyo, ks nkdkserjo tknkr kn duknte un dontkxto defe vkz hes `ktkromênko y huaduaturea, fonfk sk kxjmk e ae gusdje fka sjmao PPJ une rkkxjôn erfue fka pepka fka pofkr gufjdjea fkntro fk aes sodjkfefks. Nos hukstre doho aes akyks fkbkn jr efeptånfosk ea dontkxto sodjea quk sk vjvk kn defe pkrjofo y dohprk doh prknfk nfkrr quê odurrk odurrk don hud`es hud`es rkeajf rkeajfefk efkss donst donstudj udjone oneaks aks kn ae pertk pertk fk kikdvjfef norheve. Dondkpto fk gusdje. -

Kn prjhkr aumer, sk fkbk kntknfkr e ao quk gusdje sk rkkrk. \ere kaao pukfk `ebkr fjvkrsos knioquks7 gurèfjdo, poaèdo, psjdoaômjdo, aosôdo o sodjoaômjdo. Tjn jhporter duea iuksk ka knioquk, fkbk `ebkr un kntknfjhjknto jntkmrea, tohenfo kn duknte ae jntkrfjsdjpajnerjkfef jntkrfjsdjpajnerj kfef quk kxjmk ae hetkrje. Yerjos eutorks, fodtrjnerjos fodtrjnerjos y sebjos fknkn ao quk ks gusdje fk ae sjmujkntk henkre7 Doniorhk e ao quk kstebakdk Fworcjn7 ‑ Gustdje ks un dondkpo fk horea fk orfkn supkrjor…‘ \or ao quk sk fkbk kntknfkr, quk kstk têrhjno sk kndukntre esodjefo e une ehpaje verjkfef fk jfkes, veaorks y sknhjkntos doho vjrtuf posjve o doho vjrtuf nkmeve. (Rkaedjôn7 veaor sodjea y poaèdo poaèdo rkaevo) Tkm÷n \aådjf Tkm÷n \aådjfo o k Tjave, Tjave, gusdje gusdje vjknk fkrjvefo fkrjvefo fk  guste fk gusus,  quk sjmnjde ae prådde fk ao gusto o ae rezôn fk skr ka propjo fkrkd`o (akmjhjfef fk aos fkrkd`os y rkstebakdkr ka jhpkrjo propjo fk ae aky). Kntrk sodjkfefks ormenjzefes Iunfehkno fk aos pofkrks p÷bajdos, quk sk donstuykn por fkakmedjôn fk ae sobkrenèe popuaer‘   Fksfk ka punto fk vjste fk gusde doho veaor, no ks posjbak `ebaer fk gusdje sj sk trensmrkfkn otros veaorks. Kn ksk sknfo, ae kqujfef ks suhehkntk jhportentk, kn vjrtuf fk aes fjikrkntks henjikstedjonks fk gusdje. (Ka gusto akmea-@krbkrt @ert) Ae kq kquj ujfe fef f ks une une ks kspk pkdj djk k fk gus gusdj dje e vjve vjve.. ‑ Jm Jmue ueaf afef ef kn ae hkfj hkfjfe fe fk nu nuks ksr res es fksjmueafefks‘  \aetôn, rkaedjone ae gusdje don ae kqujfef fk ae sjmujkntk henkre7 ‑ Defe uno `eme ao quk tknk obajmedjôn fk `edkr‘  Don   Don tofe ae sodjkfef, kntknfjknfo obajmedjôn doho ka bjkn.

 

Ka Kstefo pukfk tknkr une jfke fk gusdje fksvjefe duenfo ae gusdje ve don un n fk obajmedjôn, por ao quk Erjstôtkaks fjsnmuk fos pos fk gusdje7 gusdje neturea (ao quk ks gusto por netureakze) y ae gusde akmea (ao quk ks gusto por fjsposjdjôn) Rewas, por su pertk, fjsnmuk ka redjoneajsho y ka domnjvjsho, fktkrhjnenfo quk ka fksko fk edtuer don gusdje provjknk fka fksko fk kxprkser ao quk sohos o ao quk pofkhos skr, doho skrks ajbrks y redjoneaks quk sohos. Cent fjdk quk ae gusdje no ks nkdkserjehkntk une vjrtuf, sjno une propjkfef quk knk ae sodjkfef fkntro fka kstefo djvja. Donsjfkrånfoao doho ka prjndjpjo iorhea fk ae posjbjajfef fk ae donfjdjôn gurèfjde kntrk aos `ohbrks. Ijneahkntk, @ebkrhes rkaedjone ae gusdje don espkdtos fkontoaômjdos, donkdtefe don ae horea, norhes quk son buknes pere tofes aes pkrsones fkntro fk une sodjkfef fk fktk tkrh rhjn jnef efe. e. \ere \ere ks kstk tk euto eutor, r, ae gus gusd dje je ks un rk rkqu qujs jsjt jto o fk ae redj redjon onea eajf jfef ef dohunjdeve. Fk tofo ao hkndjonefo y aes dondkpdjonks quk brjnfen aos fjsntos eutorks kn ao quk e gusdje sk rkkrk, sk pukfk fktkrhjner fos dondausjonks7  5) quk `ey une djkrte dohpakgjfef kn ae jfke j fke fk gusdje  2) quk `ey buknes rezonks pere quk aes jfkes fk gusdje hetkrjea y fk bjknkster sodjea odupkn un aumer fk håxjhe jhportendje kn ka fjsdurso gurèfjdo Hex wkbkr7 Ae redjoneajzedjôn iorhea y hetkrjea fka fkrkd`o. -

]kbkr, obskrve aos dehbjos quk odurrjkron kn ka Kstefo fk fkrkd`o pere jntkrprkter aes fjvkrses fjhknsjonks fk sknfo quk kstån kn ae besk fk aes kstrudtures sodjeaks kxjstkntks, tofo ksto paeshefo kn su obre ‑Kdonohèe y Todjkfef‘  Tu dond dondkp kpdj djôn ôn fk sodj sodjkf kfef ef jh jhpa pajd jde e une une skpe skpere redj djôn ôn fk aes aes fjvk fjvkrs rses es ksik ksikre ress quk quk donstuykn ae hjshe (rkajmjoso, poaèdo, sodjea, duaturea), kntknfjknfo quk defe une fkbk tknkr un tretehjknto perduaer. Fk jmuea henkre, ks nkdkserjo fksteder quk ae hofkrnjzedjôn, pere ]kbkr, ks un prodkso fk mrefuea redjoneajzedjôn quk `edk êniesjs kn ‑ae eddjôn sodjea‘ \ere ]kbkr, sk aaehe fkrkd`o duenfo ae veajfkz fka orfkn kste merenzefe por ae probeb pro bebjaj jajfef fef fk ae doeddj doeddjôn ôn quk sk kgkrd kgkrdk k por ka kntk kntk knderm kndermefo efo fk kse iundjôn iundjôn (rkikrjfe ea Kstefo). Ka fkrkd`o suponk ka pofkr, eunquk ka pofkr no rkqujkrk fkrkd`o. Ae fjikrkndje kntrk pofkr y fohjnedjôn kste iunfehkntefe kn ae netureakze puntuea. Ae fohjnedjôn knk quk vkr don une iunfehkntedjôn kstebak fka pofkr, pkro no sjmnjde quk ske akmèhe, eunquk su erhedjôn sk bese kn su veajfkz, jhpajdenfo un mrefo fk rkdonodjhjknto kn su gusdje. Ae fohjnedjôn akmjhe sk pukfk kndontrer fk ae sjmujkntk iorhe7

 

5. 2. 4. 6.

E etrkvks etrkvks fk prjndjpj prjndjpjos os fk eutorjfef eutorjfef redjonea redjonea fk veaorks veaorks \or prjn prjndjp djpjos jos red redjon joneak eakss skm÷n skm÷n nks nks Vr Vrefj efjdjo djonea neaks ks (dost (dostuhb uhbrk) rk) Eikdvos Eikdvos (jndajne (jndajnedjôn djôn pkrsonea pkrsonea fk s÷bfjt s÷bfjto) o)

Hex ]kbkr, kstebakdk un vjnduao fjrkdto kntrk redjoneajzedjôn y akmeajzedjôn, fonfk ka uaho knk su besk kn ka pofkr akmea, rkmuaefo por ka fkrkd`o kn tofos sus njvkaks. \or ao quk, ka fkrkd`o odupe un aumer iunfehkntea kn kste tkorèe. Ae sodjoaomèe gurèfjde fk kstk fodtrjnerjo kstebakdk fjsndjonks kntrk Fkrkd`o iorhea y Fkrkd`o hetkrjea, por hkfjo fk aes dueaks sk fjsnmukn ae gusdje iorhea fka hetkrjea. Ae jfke jfke io iorhe rheaa sk rkaedj rkaedjone one don ae redjon redjoneaj eajzed zedjôn jôn besefe besefe kn hovos hovos aômjdo aômjdoss fk do`krkndje, pkro ka kstufjo fk ae sodjoaomèe fk ]kbkr ve hud`o hås eaaå. ]kbkr kbkr,, pert pertk k fk ae jfke jfke fk quk ae re redj djo oneaj neajzzedjôn djôn vj vjkn knk k fk ae heno heno fka fka fkskndentehjknto fka hunfo, gustehkntk porquk sk fkspkrsoneajzen aes rkaedjonks sodjeaks, fånfosk duknte fk ae drjsjs fka Kstefo ajbkrea fk Fkrkd`o. Kn ae pkrspkdve fk ae sodjoaomèe dohprknsjve, ka fkrkd`o ks une iorhe pjde fk orfkn akmèhe quk duknte don un epereto fk dokrdjôn, don un orfkn akmèho, por ao quk ka fkrkd`o hetkrjea knk kn duknte aos kakhkntos kxtregurèfjdos y sk rkkrk e sus veaorks poaèdos, êdos, kdonôhjdos o rkajmjosos. Kxjstkn duetro pos fk jfkeaks, besefos kn duea ks ae iundjôn fka fkrkd`o kn ae sodjkfef7 5. 2. 4. 6.

Fkrkd`os Fkrkd`os jrredjon jrredjonea ea y hetkrjea hetkrjea,, besefo besefo kn puros veaor veaorks ks khodjonea khodjoneaks ks Fkrkd`o Fkrkd`o jrredjone jrredjoneaa y iorhea, iorhea, besefo besefo kn norhes norhes quk ksdepe ksdepen n e ae rezôn rezôn Fkrkd`o Fkrkd`o redjonea redjonea y hetkr hetkrjea, jea, besef besefo o kn ae poaède poaède o jfkoaomèe jfkoaomèe Fkrkd`o Fkrkd`o redjonea redjonea y iorhea, iorhea, besefo besefo kn os dondkp dondkptos tos ebstred ebstredtos tos orj orjmjnef mjnefos os por ka pknsehjknto gurèfjdo.

Kxjs Kxjsk knf nfo o fos fos pos pos fk tk tkns nsjo jonk nks7 s7 kntr kntrk k re redj djon onea eajf jfef ef k jrre jrredj djon onea eajf jfef ef y kntr kntrk k iorheajfef y hetkrjeajfef. \or ao quk kxjstkn fos vèes fk redjoneajzedjôn fka fkrkd`o7 e) Ae mknkreajz mknkreajzedjô edjôn n quk pukfk pukfk perr fk une une redjoneaj redjoneajzedjô zedjôn n hetkrjea hetkrjea b) Ae sjstkhe sjstkhezedjô zedjôn n quk pertk pertk fk une redjone redjoneajze ajzedjôn djôn aôm aômjde jde @ey quk skõeaer quk ae redjoneajzedjôn fka Fkrkd`o kste rkaedjonefe don su iundjôn quk knk ae sodjkfef edtuea. \kro sk fkbk fjikrkndjer ae kxjstkndje fk aes norhes  gurèfjdes quk rksponfkn e ae aômjde jntkrne fka sjstkhe gurèfjdo, duyo drjtkrjo fk gusdje ks kstrjd kstrjdte tehkn hkntk tk iorhe iorheaa y ae redjon redjoneaj eajfe fef f hetkr hetkrjea jea quk donkrk donkrk jhport jhportend endje je e kakhkntos kxtregurèfjdos.

 

Tkm÷n Boevknture fk Touse Tentos, ks nkdkserjo paentkersk aos tkhes fk akmeajfef y akmjhjfef. \ere ]kbkr kxjstkn trks aômjdes fk redjoneajfef quk donsjstkn kn ka pjaer fk ae khendjpedjôn7 5. Ae redjone redjoneajfef ajfef kstêd kstêdo-kxpr o-kxprksjve ksjve fk fk aes ertks ertks y fk ae ajtkretu ajtkreture re 2. Ae redjone redjoneajfef ajfef domnjv domnjvo-jns o-jnstruh truhkntea kntea fk fk ae djkndje djkndje y tkdnoaomèe tkdnoaomèe 4. Ae redjone redjoneajfef ajfef horeahorea-pråd prådde de fk fk ae êde êde y fka jhpkrjo jhpkrjo fk ae aky Aos veaorks eyufen e fktkrhjner dueaks son aos probakhes y/o iknôhknos, don ka obgkv obg kvo o fk eadenz eadenzer er aes kxpajd kxpajded edjon jonks ks de deuse useaks aks fk aos propjo propjoss iknôhk iknôhknos nos.. ]kb ]kbkr kr fjsnmuk kntrk gujdjos fk `kd`o y gujdjos fk veaor doho ao quk ks y ao quk fkbkrèe skr. Fkiknfjknfo quk ae redjoneajfef don errkmaos e veaorks ks sjkhprk jrredjonea duenfo su sjmnjdefo ks ebsoauto. Fk jmuea henkre, no ks jrredjonea kn ae hkfjfe ebsoaute fk erbjtrerjkfef tknjknfo doho besk un bjkn `uheno. Ka n fkbkrèe skr fksdubrjr quk orjk orjknt nte e ae re redj djon onea eajf jfef ef hetk hetkrj rjea ea fka fka fkrk fkrkd` d`o o fk tea tea io iorh rhe e qu quk k sk besk besk kn une une fohjnedjôn akmjhe. ]kbkr knknf ]kbkr knknfk k quk ka prkdkp prkdkpto to gurèfj gurèfjdo do ks ao skdunf skdunferj erjo, o, vjknfo vjknfo une edvjf edvjfef ef drkefore fka hjsho fkrkd`o besånfosk kn ae fjikrkndje kntrk ao quk busde ka fkrkd`o y ae sodjoaomèe por su pertk. \or otro aefo, un probakhe quk pkrdjbk ka eutor, ks ka euhknto fk dofjdedjonks sjstkhådes y fkrkd`o akmjsaevehkntk iorhuaefo, fonfk aos gurjstes sk sjkntks ehknezefos kn ae sjmnjdedjôn hjshe fka fkrkd`o hetkrjea. Rkrjênfo Rkrjê nfosk sk ea probak probakhe he prkvjo prkvjo,, ksto ksto sjmnj sjmnjde de une he heyor yor jnukn jnukndje dje fka sjs sjstkh tkhe e poaèdo, postkrjor e ae drjsjs fka ajbkreajsho ae perdjpedjôn fka Kstefo sk jntknsjde don ae fkhodredje sodjea, voavjênfosk une edvjfef quk pukfk merenzer ae kikdvjfef fk ae tutkae fk aos fkrkd`os u ae hetkrjeajfef fk un prodkso gusto quk knk doho n ae pez sodjea. Fk ae hjsh hjshe e iorh iorhe, e, ka orfk orfkn n gurè gurèfj fjdo do y ka orfk orfkn n kd kdon onôh ôhjd jdo, o, gukm gukmen en un pepk pepkaa iunfehkntea, fkbjfo e quk son ‑ [n dohpakgo fk hotvedjonks kikdtves fka eduer  `uheno `uh eno rkea‘ rkea‘ fjnehjzefo fkntro fk ae fkhodredje fk heses. \or ao quk ka pofkr  gufjdjea no pukfk pkrhenkdkr jnfjikrkntk e ae trensiorhedjôn fk aos probakhes sodjeaks, sjknfo ka gukz un jnstruhknto kskndjea fkntro fk ae redjoneajzedjôn hetkrjea. Aes jnukn jnukndje djess quk kgkrdk kgkrdkn n aes iorhes iorhes poaèd poaèdes es fk fohjne fohjnedjô djôn n sobrk sobrk dueajf dueajfefk efkss iorheaks y hetkrjeaks fka fkrkd`o, pukfkn skr iunfehkntefe fk fos henkres7 5) Ae fohjned fohjnedjôn jôn burodrå burodråde de redjon redjonea7 ea7 quk ks ka prodks prodkso o fk dontroa dontroa sodjea sodjea fk dohportehjknto,, besefo kn ae doeddjôn dohportehjknto 2) Ae fohjnedjô fohjnedjôn n derjshåd derjshåde7 e7 ka gukz gukme gukme ka roa fk emkntk emkntk rkprksknten rkprkskntentk tk fk aos ve veao aork rkss tr tres esdk dknf nfkn knte teak akss fk ae dohu dohunj njfe fef, f, fkpkn fkpknfj fjknf knfo o fk ae ‑d ‑drk rkkn kndj dje e kikdve‘ y fk ae ‑voauntef fk aos fohjnefos‘. Duye akmjhjfef rkpose kn ka skr o fkbkr fk equkaaos aaehefos e ae hjsjôn derjshåde.

\or ao busder quk ]kbkr busde un kqujajbrjo kntrk ae pertk y ae jnstudjonea, n fk ae redjoneajzedjôn hetkrjea sjn fkger fk derjshåde aefo ae redjoneajzedjôn iorhea.don ka

 

Ka n fka eutor ks kndontrer eamo hes quk un sjhpak hkfjo fk aud`e fk jntkrksks fkntro fk ae predde gurèfjde, don une efhjnjstredjôn dohprknsjbak fotefe fk verjos espkdtos pere tknkr une kxpkrjkndje doh÷n fk ao quk ks gusdje. Aes iukntks fka fkrkd`o hetkrjea y ae jfke fk gusdje 

  

Ae aky7 ae norhe ebstredte y mknkrea, prohuamefe por un ôrmeno akmèho y drkefe hkfjentk un prodkso kspkdèdo. Fkrkd`o sodjea7 surmk e trevês fk ae fjnåhjde fk aos `kd`os sodjeaks Ae edvjfef drkefore fka gukz7 rksponfjknfo e ae prexjs Ae gurjsprufkndje7 aos ieaaos y skntkndjes fk aos gukdks

]kbkr fknk une nukve orjkntedjôn fk ae eddjôn dohunjterje, doaodenfo e aos gukdks entks nukves sjtuedjonks quk ehkrjten une rkspukste besefe kn veaorks quk soporten su propje propje redjon redjoneaj eajfef fef.. No obste obstentk ntk,, sk fkbk fkbk kvjte kvjterr dekr dekr kn un ‑jr ‑jrred redjon joneaj eajsho sho veaorevo‘ quk no aakven e un drjtkrjo exjoaômjdo obgkvo. Nukstro eutor knknfk quk ka po hås puro fk veajfkz redjonea don errkmao e veaorks kstå rkprkskntefo por ka fkrkd`o neturea, pkro quk ae drkkndje kn ae akmeajfef ks iunfehkntea. Dondauyknfo quk sk fkbk aakmer e ae akmjhjfef redjonea doniorhk e aos veaorks. \ere ]kbkr, ka fkrkd`o neturea akmjhe ae iukrze obajmetorje fk un kstebakdjhjknto erbjtrerjo. E n fk dukntes, ae kdjkndje fk ae gusdje, aes poaèdes gufjdjeaks o ae rkaedjôn fk ae gusdje skrån hkfjfes e trevês fk aes a es rkeajfefks sodjeaks. Fkntro fk ae kxjstkndje fk ae dohunjfef gurèfjde (ka derådtkr iorhea fk fkrkd`o y fk ae epajdedjôn fka hjsho) sk fkbk aomrer donmurer k jfknder ao gusto pere ka doh÷n fk aos djufefenos. Ae `jstorje fk ae `uhenjfef nos epunte e quk, kn sjtuedjonks fk drjsjs sodjea, surmkn ajf ajfkrk krkss depedk depedkss fk jhpakh jhpakhknt knter er une soaudj soaudjôn, ôn, aos quk son fknohj fknohjnef nefos os doho doho poskkforks fk derjshe, por ao quk kstk derjshe skrå kntrkmefo por aos skmujforks y sk kxprkserèe por hkfjo fka fkrkd`o. \or ao quk ae iukntk fka derjshe skrèe ka propjo en`kao, ae dondjkndje fka hjsho fkrkd`o. Dondausjonks  

Entk ae drjsjs fk iorheajsho fka Kstefo fk Fkrkd`o Ajbkrea, sk fkbk erduae ae redjoneajfef gurèfjde iorhea y hetkrjea, don ka n fk prohovkr un fkrkd`o vjvo jntkmrefo sodjeahkntk. Ka fkrkd`o, doho iknôhkno sodjea, no pukfk skr eneajzefo fk iorhes skperefe fk ae sodjkfef, doho proponk ka posjvjsho gurèfjdo (quk nos aakve e une iorheajsho vedèo y kstêrja) , ye quk `ey verjos iedtorks quk donuykn kn ka hjsho.

 

 

Ae tkorèe wkbkrjene, sk pukfk donvkrr kn un jnstruhknto kskndjea kn ae rkdupkredjôn fka sknfo fk ae rkeajfef quk sk prktknfk jnvksmer. @edk ieate un sjstkhe ebjkrto fkntro fka iorteakdjhjknto fk ae fkhodredje y ae donsoajfedjôn fka Kstefo fk fkrkd`o. Tk fkbk rkd`ezer ae prktknsjôn rkfuddjonjste fka pepka fka fkrkd`o, ae aômjde fk ae redjoneajzedjôn sobrk ae iundjoneajfef drède fka fkrkd`o ao sjt÷e doho une jnstudjôn propje fka donstudjoneajsh donstudjoneajsho o fkhodrådo-sodjea. (doho jnstudjôn jntkmrefore y fknjtorje fk ae iundjôn sodjo-poaède) Kxjstkn hud`os sjstkhes akmeaks quk tropjkzen don ka obståduao jnkvjtebak fk ae dontrefjddjôn kntrk iorheajsho ebstredto ebstredto fk ae aômjde gurèfjde y ae nkdksjfef fk quk sk duhpaen. Ka pepka quk fkskhpkõe ae eutorjfef derjshåde e n fk `edkr kikdve ae  gusdje hetkrjea, hetkrjea, pere ae epajdedjôn epajdedjôn fk ae aky y potkndjer potkndjer su pepka jhprksdjnfjbak jhprksdjnfjbak kn ae nukve rkakdture fka fkrkd`o. (un fkrkd`o gusto hetkrjeahkntk)