La Justicia Constitucional en Mexico

 

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àGKHDI Qrôfnbn H.

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  Fn dngsthtudhngjf  

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  If dngdiptn ki dngsthtu dhôg

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Kiridens ridens (eu`jgns (eu`jgns))   Fns Ki

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Bigirjdhngis ki kiridens eu`jgns………………………………..   Kiridens eu`jgns dn`n prjdthdj (Dejrfis S. Cihtz)………….…  

Kiridens Ki ridens eu `jgns dn`n dngdiptn (Dj (Djrfns rfns Tjgthjbn Ghgn)..….. 

Kiridens ridens eu`jgns y Dngsthtudhôg   Ki

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;8 Dngsthtudhngjfhzjdhôg ki fns kiridens eu`jgns………………….. 

@nkifn ki jpirturj ig @èxhdn ……….….…………………………….   Jrtàdufn :¿ dngsthtudhngjf (dn`igtjrhns)……………………………  

Dngtrnf ki dngvigd hngjfhkjk………………………………………….   Qrhgdhphn Qrn pirsngj…………………………………………………..   Kiligsj ligsj Dngsth Dngsthtudh tudh ngjf   Ki

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Qrntiddhôg Qnfàthdj……………………………………………………..  Qrntiddhôg Tndhjf………………………………………………………..  Qrntiddhôg Idngô`hdj y Lhgjgdhirj ………………………………..  3

 

Qrntiddhôg Ouràkhdj…………………………………………………..…. 

  Ousthd hj dngstht udhngjf

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@nkifns ki dngtrnf y kiligsj ki fj Dngsthtudhôg……….…………  Cfnqui ki dngsthtudhngjfhkjk …………….……………………………   Qjrê`itrn ki ribufjrhkjk………………….……………………………  Oukhdhjf rivhiw n rivhshôg oukhdhjf…………………………………….  

HHH.

FJ OYT[HDHJ DNGT[ DNGT[H[YDH H[YDHNGJF NGJF IG @ÈUHDN @ÈUHDN

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\àspirjs ki fj ousthdhj dngsthtudhngjf ig @èxhdn…………………  Fj Dngsthtudhôg ki :8:2 y fj ousthdhj dngsthtudhngjf…………….  

@nkifn ki ousthdhj dngsthtudhngjf ig @èxhdn :855-31::……….. 

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KISIDEN QSNDITJF DNGT[H[YDHNGJF @IUHDJGN

:4: Qrisupuistns prndisjfis ig bigirjf……………………..…………  Dn`hshôg Dn`hsh ôg Gj Gjdhn dhngjf gjf ki fns Ki Kiriden ridenss Eu`jgns

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:. Dngdiptn fibjf 3. Dn`pitigdhj 4. Istrudturj nrbjghzj nrbjghzjdhôg dhôg y lugdhng j`hi j`higtn gtn ;. Lnr`js ki prisigtjr ugj quioj 9. Si Sidn`igkjdhngis dn`igkjdhngis y vhnfjdhngis brj brjvis vis ki kiri kiridens dens eu`jgns Ouhdhn Qnfà Qnfàthdn thdn

: Fjs rispuistjs sirêg khsthgtjs sh if nrhbig ki fns kiridens eu`jgns is ouràkhdn, `nrjf n ouràkhdn-gjturjf. :.  If dngdiptn ki kiridens eu`jgns dn`n kiridens ouràkhdns supngi qui hkigthl hhdj`ns dj`ns ug kiriden eu`jgn dng ugj ‖shtujdhôg gnr`jthvj‐ ig fj qui dhirtn kiriden si ej ridngndhkn n hgdfuhkn ig ug tixtn lnr`ufjkn pnr ug ôrbjgn pnfàthdn gjdhngjf n hgtirgjdhngjf (vbr. if jrtàdufn 4 ki fj dngsthtudhôg `ixhdjgj ridngndi if kiriden j fj ki`ndrjdhj dn`n lnr`j ki vhkj cjsjkj ig if dngstjgti `ionrj`higtn idngô`hdn, sndhjf y dufturjf)= 3.  If dngdiptn ki kiridens eu`jgns dn`n kiridens ouràkhdn-gjturjfis igtrjúj if dnglfhdtn pnshthvhs`n virsus husgjturjfhs`n. Thg `udens igrikns Ghgn snsthigi qui jugqui fj ixprishôg ‖kiriden gjturjf‐ snstighkj snst ighkj pnr `udens jutnris is ridejzjkj pnr ntrns tjgtns (sncri tnkn pnr pnshthvhstjs qui dngshkirjcjg qui usjr fj ixprishôg kiriden gjturjf irj dngtrjkidhr luirti`igti snfn ejy ug snfn kiriden, if pnshthvn n fibhsfjkn), dngdhfhjr fjs kns pnsturjs h`pfhdjràj sh`pfi`igti kidhr qui lhfôsnlns ki j`cns cjgkns pnkràjg jdiptjr, ig pjfjcrjs ki Ghgn, qui puiki sir if djsn (jugqui gn shi`pri) qui si istjcfizdjg ‖prhgdhphns hkijfis qui prnviig ugj  ousthlhdjdhôg lhgjf ki hgsthtudhngis y jddhngis‐. Thg i`cjrbn, if kicjti  kicjti   gn ;;

 

tir`hgjràj pnrqui ljftjràj rispngkir dujfis kicig sir isns prhgdhphns. Ysujf`igti si ejcfj ki qui isns prhgdhphns kicig prnvighr ki dhirtj dngdipdhôg ki fj gjturjfizj eu`jgj, pirn hgdfusn isn kisjtj ntrns `ÿfthpfis kicjtis (vbr. Ghgn ioi`pfhlhdj dng djrjdtiris dn`n fj rjdhngjfhkjk, fj dn`pnshdhôg chnfôbhdj n drn`nsn`êthdj, itd.). Jquà vi`ns ntrj viz fj lrngtirj igtri ouhdhns jgjfàthdns y vjfnrjthvns= y 4.  If dngdiptn ki kiridens eu`jgns dn`n kiridens `nrjfis i`phizj pnr khsthgbuhr `uy ÿthf`igti kns dnsjs? :) kidhr qui gn puiki ejcir prhgdhphns vjfhkns ig tnkjs pjrtis y pjrj tnkn thi`pn pjrj lugkj`igtjr vêfhkj`igti fjs hgsthtudhngis y jddhngis ki fjs pirsngjs, gn quhiri kidhr qui gn pnkj`ns kilhghr dn`n siràj fj kilhghdhôg ki ugns prhgdhphns tjfis ig djsn ki qui ixhsthirjg, y 3) isns prhgdhphns kicig sir `nrjfis, kichkn j qui istj`ns ejcfjgkn ki fj lugkj`igtjdhôg ufth`j ki jddhngis n hgsthtudhngis. Jquà si puiki vir ugj djrjdtirhzjdhôg ki fj `nrjf dn`n ug shsti`j ki prhgdhphns qui shrvig dn`n lugkj`igtn ufth`n ki fjs jddhngis i hgsthtudhngis qui h`pfàdhtj`igti snsthigi Ghgn. Qnr fn tjgtn, sh fns kiridens kicig kirhvjrsi ki prhgdhphns `nrjfis, igtngdis isns kiridens sng kiridens `nrjfis, y sirvhrêg ig jfbugns djsns pjrj kisdrhchr ug shsti`j ouràkhdn, pjrj drhthdjrfn n pjrj istjcfidirfn. Tng igtngdis `nrjfis pnr su nrhbig, jugqui puikig sir ouràkhdns pnr su uchdjdhôg ig ug tixtn ouràkhdn. Ghgn si uchdj ig if supuistn ki fns kiridens eu`jgns dn`n kiridens `nrjfis. Qirn gn tnkns fns kiridens `nrjfis qui kirhvjg ki prhgdhphns kif `hs`n thpn sng pnr fn tjgtn kiridens eu`jgns, isn is ug ti`j pnr risnfvir. Yg prhgdhphn dn`n if ki ‖fjs prn`isjs kicig du`pfhrsi‐, du`pfhrsi‐, kif dujf si pnkràj kirhvjr ig dhirtn djsn `h kiriden `nrjf j qui ‖U du`pfj fj prn`isj qui `i ehzn‐, gn pjridi pjrid i kjr lnr`j j

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fj ixprishôg, ig djsn ki qui U gn du`pfj su prn`isj, ki  ‖U ej vhnfjkn ugn ki `hs kiridens eu`jgns‐.  eu`jgns‐.  Ki fn jgtirhnr pnki`ns ixtrjir j guistrn igtigkir jfbugns riquhshtns qui hkigthlhdjg què kiridens `nrjfis sh sng kiridens eu`jgns? :) fns kiridens eu`jgns sng jquiffns qui pirtigidig j fj dfjsi ki ‖fns siris eu`jgns‐ cjon fj dngkhdhôg ki tigir dhirtj ‖pirsngjfhkjk `nrjf‐ (djpjdhkjk ki bndi y ioirdhdhn), y qui gn si rilhirig j sucdfjsis ki pirsngjs (jbrhduftnris n `jistrns), jugqui istjs sucdfjsis puikig tigir kiridens hgstru`igtjfis ki fns kiridens eu`jgns= pnr fn tjgtn fns kiridens eu`jgns tj`pndn puikig hr `ês jffê ki fj ispidhi eu`jgj= 3) sng ristrhddhngis j fns ncoithvns sndhjfis (pnfàthdjs)= 3) sng chigis ki djkj pirsngj (hgkhvhkujfhzjkns) khstrhcuhkns ki `jgirj hbujfhtjrhj (ughvirsjfis) y qui ‖gnr`jf`igti‐ si jgtipngig pnr su h`pnrtjgdhj j fns ncoithvns sndhjfis (`nrjf`igti supirhnris)= 4) fns kiridens eu`jgns sng tjfis ig vhrtuk ki ugj  ‖shtujdhôg hkijf qui kici sir‐, qui ig sibugkn tèr`hgn puiki ffibjr ‖ig ug `n`igtn kjkn‐ j kjr fubjr j ug kiriden sucoithvn i h`pngir kiciris u ncfhbjdhngis  j  j dhirtjs pirsngjs pjrj dngdritjr jquiffj jq uiffj shtujdhôg hkijf qui kici sir (kiriden sucoithvn dn`n iquhvjfigti j kiciris u ncfhbjdhngis ki ntrns)= ;) sng cigilhdhns dngshkirjkns dn`n tjfis hgkipigkhigti`igti ki qui fjs pirsngjs ig pjrthdufjr drij`ns qui fn sng (`nrjf`igti ncoithvns). Qjrj Ghgn igtngdis ugj tinràj ki fns kiridens hgkhvhkujfis kici dngsthtuhrsi pnr prhgdhphns qui si rilhirig jf chig ki fns hgkhvhkuns y sncri fj khstrhcudhôg ki isi chig. Ig pjfjcrjs ki Ghgn? ‖si jksdrhci j jfbuhig if kiriden `nrjf ki jddikir j ugj shtujdhôg T (qui

puiki sir fj pnshchfhkjk ki rijfhzjr dhirtj jddhôg n fj ki khspngir ki kitir`hgjkns ridursns n fj ki virsi fhcrjkn ki dhirtjs dngthgbigdhjs) dujgkn if hgkhvhkun dujgkn if hgkhvhkun ig duisthôg pirtigidi j ugj dfjsi ;<

 

D y si prisupngi qui T h`pfhdj gnr`jf`igti pjrj djkj `hi`crn ki D ug chig ki tjf h`pnrtjgdhj qui kici ljdhfhtjrsi su jddisn j T y is `nrjf`igti pikhr if jddisn‐.  irrôgin h` pikhr Ig dngdfushôg, pjridhirj qui pjrj Ghgn fns kiridens eu`jgns sng jquiffns qui kirhvjg ki dhirtns prhgdhphns `nrjfis, y qui sng ridngndhkns j jquiffns siris qui sng djpjdis ki su bndi y ioirdhdhn, istn is, qui thigig dhirtj ‖pirsngjfhkjk `nrjf‐ gidisjrhj pjrj iffn. Qnr ioi`pfn, sh drii`ns qui if kiriden jf trjcjon is ug kiriden eu`jgn, igtngdis isn riquhiri ki ug supuistn ki lugkj`igtjdhôg y ki ug supuistn ljdthdn? :) isi kiriden kici pnkir kirhvjrsi ki fns prhgdhphns `nrjfis ifibhkns pnr Ghgn (hgvhnfjchfhkjk ki fj pirsngj, jutngn`àj ki fj pirsngj y khbghkjk khbghk jk eu`jgj)= 3) if supuistn ljdthdn is qui ixhstjg siris djpjdis ki sir thtufjris ki isi kiriden y ki ioirdir, ig ug `n`igtn kjkn, isi kiriden.  Jsà, if dngdiptn ki fns kiridens eu`jgns h`pfhdj qui fns prhgdhphns qui fns lugkj`igtjg gn snfn kitir`hgjg duêfis sng isns kiridens, shgn qui thpn ki siris kicig dngshkirjrsi dn`n sus thtufjris. Isns siris pjrj Ghgn sng jquiffns dng  ‖djpjdhkjk pntigdhjf pjrj tigir dngdhigdhj dngdhigdhj ki su hkigthkjk dn`n ug thtufjr hgkipigkhigti ki hgtirisis y pjrj joustjr su vhkj j sus prnphns ouhdhns ki vjfnr‐ 32.

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  Tjgthjbn Ghgn, Djrfns, Èthdj y kiridens eu`jgns, Cuigns Jhris, ikhtnrhjf Jstrij, 3112. pp. :-;5.

Sidn`igkj`ns jf fidtnr fj pjrti ig qui Ghgn hgtigtj kilhghr fns kiridens eu`jgns ig su ‖stjtu s gnr`jthvn‐. Isi piquiún jpjrthkn puiki ffivjr jf fidtnr fidt nr j pigsjr dng `jynr prjdthdhkjk fns kiridens eu`jgns, sncri tnkn pjrj istukhjgtis y jcnbjkns. ;2

 

Sisu`ig

DJSFNT TJG[HJBN GHGN

DEJSFIT S. CIH[_ Fsinrs vkhsitnrisddens en s eug`jg `j n`n j gpnrjsdtphdujikding ri rifi fivj vjgt gtis is djrj djrjdt dtir irhs hsththdj djss qu quii ig su lnr`j `nk `nkirgj dn`i `iggzn dng fj jknpdhôg ki fj Kidfjrjdhôg Yghv Yghvir irsj sjff ki Kiri Kiride dens ns Eu`j Eu`jgn gnss ki :8;5 :8;5

Fn qu quii h` h`pn pnrt rtjj j Gh Ghgn gn is prh` prh`ir irn n kilhghr if dngdip ipttn ki kiri iridens eu`jgns, pjrj fuibn ixpfhdjr   dÿjfis s ng fns kiridens eu eu`jg `jgns ns y su lu lugk gkj`i j`igt gtjd jdhô hôgg Ghgn rivhsj fns kiridens eu`jgns dn`n kiridens  ouràkhdns, dn`n kiridens  ouràkhdn-gjturjfis y dn`n kiri kiride dens ns `nrj `nrjfi fis. s. Nptj Nptj pnr pnr is istj tj ÿft ÿfth`j h`j virshô virshôgg

Fj prjdthdj si dnglnr`j pnr ugj kndtrhgj dn`puistjs pnr fjs kidfjrjdhngis, fns pjdtns, fjs dngvigdhngis, prntndnfnfis jk jkhd hdhn hngj gjfi fis, s, risn risnfu fudh dhnngi gis, s, itd. itd. Istj kndtrhgj kitir`hgj fns ki kiri ride dens ns y sus sus jfdj jfdjgd gdis is

Fns kiriden enss eu`jg `jgns sn sngg `nr `nrjfis pn pnrq rqui ui ki kirhv rhvjg jg ki pr prhg hgdh dhphn phnss `nrjf `nrjfis is.. X istns si kilhgig dn`n prhgdhphns qÿufthi`jdngktihigifgjs fjjddluhnggkijs`igytjdhfôjgs hgsthtudhngis.

Fj prjdt rjdthd hdjj ripr ripris isig igttj dn`p dn`pfi fion onss pj pjrj rjkh khb`j b`js sfhkj kik,h`pfi h`p `igtj tjdh dhng ng? ri risp spng ngsj sjch chfh kjk, kifi`ig jshs jshsti tigd gdhj hj,,? ki isth`uf ist h`ufn, n, igtri igtri ntr ntrns. ns. Is ugj ugj prjd prjdth thdj dj i`ir i`irbi bigt gti. i. Zuhi Zuhiri ri kidhr qui gn is ugj prjdthdj gnr`jthvj `jkurj pirn dn`phti dng ntr ntrjs. js. Fns prncfi`js ki fj prjdthdj si i`phizjg j trjtjr `ionr sh i`pi i` pizzj`ns j`ns pn pnrr risp rispng ngki kirr ¾Duê ¾Duêff is if `ionr `nkn ki dngdiptujfhzjr fns kiridens eu`jgns

Gn tnkns fns kiridens `nr `nrjfis sng kiridens eu`jgns, èstns thigig djrjdt djr jdtirh irhsth sthdjs djs qui fns hkigth hkigthlhdj lhdjg. g. Fns Fns kiri kiride dens ns eu`j eu`jgn gnss pirt pirtig igid idig ig j fj dfjsi ki "fns siris eu`jg `jgns"y sng chigis hgkhvhkujfhzjkns khstrhcuhkns ki lnr`j hbujfhtjrhj, igtri ntrjs ntrjs djrjdtirhs djrjdtirhsthdjs thdjs..

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Kiridens Ki ridens eu`jgns y Dngsthtu dhôg

Ispirj`ns ejcir fnbrjkn nlridir jf fidtnr ugj dngdipdhôg `àgh`j ki fns kiridens eu`jgns. Qnr fn `igns drii`ns qui ejg quikjkn dfjrn kns dnsjs? :) qui if dngdiptn y if lugkj`igtn ki fns kiridens eu`jgns gn sng tjrij lêdhf y tj`pndn si risu`i ig fns kiridens kidfjrjkns n ridngndhkns ig ug tixtn dng vjfhkiz  ouràkhdj (vbr. dngsthtudhôg, pjdtns, dngvigdhngis, itd.) y 3) qui fns kiridens eu`jgns ixhbig ki dujfquhir hgtirisjkn ig if ti`j dn`chgjr sus dngndh`higtns kif kiriden dngsthtudhngjf dng if kiriden hgtirgjdhngjf.  J pjrthr ki fn jgtirhnr, quhshèrj`ns iglndjrgns, kigtrn ki fj `jtirhj kif kiriden hgtirgjdhngjf ki fns kiridens eu`jgns, ig fj itjpj kif dngsthtudhngjfhs`n qui si puiki hkigthlhdjr dn`n fj dngsthtudhngjfhzjdhôg ki fns kiridens eu`jgns, ig fj dujf fjs dngsthtudhngis ejg shkn isdrhtjs n rilnr`jkjs ig fjs ÿfth`js kèdjkjs ig ljvnr ki hgdfuhr fj djtibnràj ki fns kiridens eu`jgns j sus tixtns. If ncoithvn is kjr j dngndir qui fj hgdfushôg dngsthtudhngjf ki fj djtibnràj n dngdiptn ki fns kiridens eu`jgns ig fjs dngsthtudhngis ej h`pfhdjkn dj`chns ig fns prndisns  oukhdhjfis ki kiligsj kiligsj ki fjs dngsthtudhngis y ritns pjrj fns ouidis dngsthtudhngjfis j fj enrj ki kjr snfudhôg j fns djsns qui iglrigtjg. Guivns dngdiptns vhghirng j pjrthr ki qui if kiriden dngsthtudhngjf si rifjdhngô djkj viz `ês luirti dng if kiriden hgtirgjdhngjf ki fns kiridens eu`jgns, y fj  ousthdhj dngsthtudhngjf tuvn igtngdis qui sir rikilhghkj ig `ês ki jfbugn ki sus dngdiptns cêshdns (vbr. supri`jdàj dngsthtudhngjf)= tnkn iffn kjgkn fubjr j ugj prêdthdj ouràkhdj `nkirgj cjsjkj ig fj hkij kiridens eu`jgns, dn`n fn ej dngdichkn Dejrfis S. Cihtz. :. Dngsthtudhngjfhzjdhôg ki fns Kiridens eu`jgns. ;8

 

Is h`pnrtjgti qui ug tàtufn dn`n if kif prisigti jpjrtjkn si vij dn`n fj ughôg ki kns `jtirhjs ouràkhdjs? if kiriden dngsthtudhngjf y if kiriden hgtirgjdhngjf pÿcfhdn. ‖Fj dngsthtudhngjfhzjdhôg‐ ki fj djtibnràj ki fns ki  fns kiridens eu`jgns h`pfhdj ixpfhdjr dô`n ug dngougtn ki gnr`js hgtirgjdhngjfis si luirng dnfndjgkn ig if nrkig dngsthtudhngjf ki fns pjàsis. X jdfjrj`ns? gn snfn si luirng hgdfuyigkn ig fj dngsthtudhôg dn`n tixtn (hgdfusn fj `jynràj ki jquiffjs gnr`js gugdj ejg pjsjkn j lnr`jr pjrti kif tixtn dngsthtudhngjf), tj`chèg ejg pjsjkn j lnr`jr pjrti kif ‖nrkig dngsthtudhngjf‐, fn dujf h`pfhdj gn snfn if tixtn dngsthtudhngjf shgn su dngtrnf, su khgj`hs`n, su shsti`jthdhkjk, sus jfdjgdis y fj kiligsj kif tixtn dn`n gnr`jthvj lugkjgti (riduèrkisi j Lirrjonfh dhtjkn ig djpàtufns jgtirhnris). Onsè ki Oisÿs Cidirrj Sj`àriz 35ej riughkn ig su tishs kndtnrjf ug dngougtn ki kjtns ÿthfis pjrj hglnr`jrgns sncri isti ti`j. If kndtnr Cidirrj snstuvn qui kirhvjkn ki ug isluirzn prnvighigti ki khvirsns suoitns hgtirgjdhngjfis (nrbjghs`ns hgtirgjdhngjfis, nrbjghzjdhngis gn bucirgj`igtjfis y Istjkns pjrti) fns Istjkns ejg tighkn qui kidhkhrsi pnr ugn n `ês ki igtri fns khvirsns `nkifns n `idjghs`ns pjrj pir`hthr qui fjs gnr`js kif kiriden hgtirgjdhngjf ki fns kiridens eu`jgns pjsig j hglhftrjrsi j ug nrkig dngsthtudhngjf. If tèr`hgn qui guistrn ourhstj ig dhtj privhigi p rivhigi qui tn`i`ns `ês ig duigtj is if ki ‖jpirturj dngsthtudhngjf‐, istn is, ug dngougtn ki dfêusufjs qui vjg j kitir`hgjr qui tjgtn y dô`n ug nrkigj`higtn dngsthtudhngjf pir`hti qui fjs

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  Cidirrj Sj`àriz, Onsè Ki Oisÿs, If dngsthtudhngjfhs`n jgti fns hgstru`igtns hgtirgjdhngjfis ki

kiridens lugkj`igtjfis, @èxhdn, Dn`hshôg Istjtjf ki Kiridens Eu`jgns Ojfhsdn-YCHOYT, Ojfhsdn -YCHOYT, 31:3. pp. ::4: