La Inseguridad Ciudadana en El Perú en Tiempos de Pandemia

 

HF MOTJBZSMKFK DMZKFKFOF JO JH QJS× JO [MJLQIT KJ QFOKJLMF. QSI]JD[I KJ MO^JT[MBFDMÔO JGJDZ[FKI QIS7

CSF^I LJKMOF Qfljhf Qrmdsmhf Dufrti Brfki kj Jkudfdmôo Tjduokfrmf Kmrjddmôo kilmdmhmfrmf7 Qsg. His Djkris O±6=1 [jhínioi7 ==1>6126> Dirrji7 pfljhfcrfvilAmjsdrc.jku.pj   Dirrji7  FTJTIS7 EZF[[F LIHHJFQFWF, Tflujh. MJT DFSHIT SZCMOF CZSBIT Qfsfgj Brfu O± 451.

Quoi / Qjr÷

 

[M[ZHI7 MOTJBZSMKFK DMZKFKFOF DMZKFKFOF JO JH QJSZ JO [MJLQIT KJ QFOKJLMF.

MO[SIKZDDMIO Hf mosjburmkfk bjojrfkf pir hf prjsjodmf kj hf vmihjodmf y hf kjhmodujodmf oi js uo prichjlf rjdmjotj jo hf sidmjkfk pjrufof. Kurfotj hf kídfkf pfsfkf jh Qjr÷ sunrmô his jnjdtis kj uo njoôljoi sucvjrsmvi luy vmihjoti, quj qu j kmi dili rjsuhtfki djrdf kj 41,111 lujrtis y uois 3: lmh lmhhiojs kj kôhfrjs jo pírkmkfs lftjrmfhjs. Dufoki jo 6==3 nuj dfpturfki jh hìkjr kj Tjokjri Hulmoisi, Fcmlfjh Buzlæo, kfoki momdmi momd mi f hf ræpmkf kjrritf kj hf prmodmpfh irbfomzfdmôo tjrrirmstf pjrufof, tiki efdìf supiojr quj jh kjhmdfki jsdjofrmi fotjrmir efcìf smki pir nmo supjrfki. Tmo jlcfrbi, hf kmslmoudmôo kmslm oudmôo kj hf vmihjodmf pihìtmdf f omvjhjs moiduis pfrf hf sjburmkfk ofdmiofh pjrlmtmô vjr dio lfyir dhfrmkfk uo njoôljoi quj vjoìf kjsfrrihhæokisj kjskj föis ftræs7 hf vmihjodmf kjhmodujodmfh. Jsti phfotjô oujvis rjtis f hf pihìtmdf kj sjburmkfk kjh pfìs. His kföis quj prikudj hf kjhmodujodmf sio jhjvfkis pfrf jh tflföi kj hf jdioilìf pjrufof y, pir itri hfki, bjojrfo uo dhmlf kj kjsdionmfozf luy pjrgukmdmfh pfrf hf irbfomzfdmôo sidmfh. Fkjlæs, f kmnjrjodmf kj hi quj idurrmô dio hf sucvjrsmôo, jstf vjz oi sj tjoìf fh nrjotj uo prichjlf duyfs dfrfdtjrìstmdfs pikìfo sjr kjnmomkfs smo kmnmduhtfk. Hf kjhmodujodmf dil÷o js uo njoôljoi luy dilphjgi quj oi rjspiokj f drmtjrmis irbfomzfdmiofhjs om f jstrftjbmfs puotufhjs. Qjri, jh pfoirflf kj hf mosjburmkfk jo Qjr÷ tmjoj itris nfdtirjs mlpirtfotjs jo su dilpismdmôo.

 

QHFO[JFLMJO[ QHF O[JFLMJO[I I KJH KJTFSSIHH I DMJO[ DMJO[MNMD MNMDI7 I7 Jh ofrditrænmdi js uoi kj jhhis. Kurfotj hf prjsjotj kídfkf jstf fdtmvmkfk mhìdmtf vmjoj pistrfoki uof sujrtj kj ‘rjdiovjrsmôo“, jxmbmkf pir hfs vfrmfdmiojs kj his prjdmis motjrofdmiofhjs kj his jstupjnfdmjotjs y hfs pihìtmdfs kj motjrkmddmôo hhjvfkfs f dfci jo hf rjbmôo hftmoifljrmdfof. His rjsuhtfkis, efstf jh liljoti, efo smki hf rjkuddmôo kj hfs ærjfs kj duhtmvi kj didf y, pir itri hfki, quj jh Qjr÷ kjgj kj sjr uo jxdhusmvi prikudtir kj lftjrmf prmlf pfrf pfsfr f sjr prikudtir nmofh, js kjdmr, kj dhiremkrfti kj didfìof. Zof kj hfs diosjdujodmfs kj jstis dflcmis jo jh ‘ojbidmi ‘kj hfs kribfs js jh jxphismvi fuljoti kjh diosuli motjroi kj jstfs sustfodmfs, jspjdmfhljotj jo jh ljrdfki urcfoi. Qir itri hfki, hf vmihfdmôo kj his kjrjdeis eulfois tflcmío kjcj sjr modirpirfkf dili uo nfdtir mlpirtfotj quj fnjdtf hf sjburmkfk kjh pfìs. Tm cmjo sj rjdioidj motjrofdmiofhljotj quj Qjr÷ ef fvfozfki smbomnmdftmvfljotj jo jstj dflpi kurfotj his ÷htmlis föis, js icvmi quj f÷o sucsmstjo brfvjs prichjlfs fh rjspjdti. Fh hfki kj jstfs lfomnjstfdmiojs mhìdmtfs sj jodujotrfo fqujhhis fdtis kj vmihjodmf quj ftjotfo diotrf hf sjburmkfk kj his dmukfkfois, his dufhjs oi sio diosmkjrfkis dili mhjbfhjs pir hf pichfdmôo.

f) QSICHJLF F MO^JT[MBFS7 MO^JT[MBFS7 Zo ìokmdj kj jstf ofturfhjzf pfrf uo pfìs dili jh Qjr÷ tmjoj uo vfhir fprixmlfki, oi fcsihuti om kjnmomtmvi. Tu fpirtj diosmstj jo quj fyukf f sjbumr hfs tjokjodmfs y f jstfchjdjr dilpfrfdmiojs rjspjdti f njoôljois dilphjgis dili hf vmihjodmf y hf kjhmodujodmf. Jhhi js fsì pirquj, pir uof pfrtj, kmdeis njoôljois movihudrfo fspjdtis dufhmtftmvis kmnìdmhjs kj rfstrjfr jstfkìstmdfljotj. ] pir itri hfki, hfs jstfkìstmdfs kmspiomchjs prjsjotfo hmlmtfdmiojs kj kmvjrsi tmpi, smjoki uof kj hfs læs dirrmjotjs jh lfrbjo læs i ljois mlpirtfotj kj sucjstmlfdmôo sucjstm lfdmôo kj his jvjotis kjhmdtmvis i ejdeis kj vmihjodmf quj jsfs jstfkìstmdfs rjdibjo pir kmvjrsfs rfziojs. Qir jsti, fuo dufoki drjjlis quj his ìokmdjs jhfcirfkis diotrmcuyjo f jstfchjdjr hfs tjokjodmfs bjojrfhjs y hf smtufdmôo rjhftmvf kj his kmvjrsis kjpfrtfljotis kjh Qjr÷ rjspjdti f hf mosjburmkfk, jhhis tikfvìf pikrìfo sjr pitjodmfkis f pfrtmr kj uof ljgirf jo hf dfhmkfk kj hfs jstfkìstmdfs kmspiomchjs, kjh fddjsi f kftis læs kjsfbrjbfkis quj his quj prjsjotfo hfs nujotjs inmdmfhjs, i f hf modirpirfdmôo kj mokmdfkirjs quj rjdigfo hfs kmljosmiojs sucgjtmvfs, dili sjr hf pjrdjpdmôo kj hf pichfdmôo.

c) GZT[MNM G ZT[MNMDFDMÔO DFDMÔO KJ HF MO^JT[MBFD MO^JT[MBFDMÔO7 MÔO7 Qfrf pridjkjr f hf jvfhufdmôo kj hf mosjburmkfk jo jh Qjr÷, ejlis tilfki jo dujotf hfs vfrmfchjs smbumjotjs7 kjhmtis diotrf hf vmkf, jh dujrpi y hf sfhuk0 kjhmtis diotrf jh pftrmliomi0 vmihfdmiojs kj kjrjdeis eulfois0 ofrditrænmdi, tjrrirmsli0 fddmkjotjs kj træosmti y diosuli kj kribfs. Jstfs vfrmfchjs sio hfs diosmkjrfkfs jo his monirljs inmdmfhjs sicrj drmlmofhmkfk. drmlmo fhmkfk. Qfrf his dfsis kj kjhmtis diotrf hf v vmkf, mkf, jh dujrpi y hf sfhuk0 kjhmtis diotrf jh pftrmliomi0 trænmdi mhìdmti kj kribfs0 diosuli kj kribfs y fddmkjotjs kj træosmti, hfs nujotjs diosuhtfkfs sio hfs motjrvjodmiojs

 

pihmdmfhjs quj diosmbofo hfs jstfkìstmdfs kjh Lmomstjrmi kjh Motjrmir. Qfrf jh dfsi kj tjrrirmsli ois ejlis rjlmtmki f his rjbmstris pihmdmfhjs modhumkis tflcmío jo hfs jstfkìstmdfs kjh Lmomstjrmi kjh Motjrmir. Jo hi quj sj rjnmjrj f hfs vmihfdmiojs kj kjrjdeis eulfois, hf nujotj ef smki hfs kjouodmfs prjsjotfkfs fotj jh Lmomstjrmi Q÷chmdi.

d) ICG ICGJ[M^I J[M^I KJ HF MO^JT[MBFDMI MO^JT[MBFDMIO7 O7 Hfs nujotjs utmhmzfkfs jo jh prjsjotj josfyi sio hfs smbumjotjs7 Qfrf his kjhmtis diotrf hf vmkf jh dujrpi y hf sfhuk, kjhmtis diotrf jh pftrmliomi, fddmkjotjs kj træosmti, trænmdi mhìdmti kj kribfs, diosuli kj kribfs y fddmiojs tjrrirmstfs. Lmomstjrmi kjh Motjrmir, Kmrjddmôo kj Qhfomnmdfdmôo kj hf Qihmdìf Ofdmiofh kjh Qjr÷7 Kjhmtis rjbmstrfkis pir hf Qihmdìf Ofdmiofh, pir dhfsj y tmpi, sjb÷o kjpfrtfljoti. Jo7 Mostmtuti Ofdmiofh kj 2 Oujstris ìokmdjs efo smki diostrumkis rjhfdmiofoki jh pirdjotfgj kj motjrvjodmiojs pihmdmfhjs quj tmjoj dfkf kjpfrtfljoti rjspjdti fh titfh ofdmiofh kj jsis dfsis, dio jh pirdjotfgj kj hf pichfdmôo quj dfkf uoi kj jhhis tmjoj dio rjspjdti f hf pichfdmôo ofdmiofh. Hf empôtjsms js quj uo mbufh pirdjotfgj kj motjrvjodmiojs pihmdmfhjs js læs brfvj sm idurrj jo uof pichfdmôo ljoir. Hf nôrluhf quj sj kjsprjokj js7

mpk  YYYYYYYYY  YYYYYY YYY MQO MMK< YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY Qk  YYYYYYYY  YYYYYY YY QO kiokj7 mpk < motjrvjodmiojs pihmdmfhjs jo jh kjpfrtfljoti MQO < motjrvjodmiojs pihmdmfhjs f omvjh ofdmiofh Qk < pichfdmôo kjpfrtfljotfh QO < pichfdmôo ofdmiofh MKK < ìokmdj kj mosjburmkfk kjpfrtfljotfh

 

k) LFSDI [JISMDI7 Jotrj jhhis, his læs oitirmis sio hf vmihjodmf kilístmdf jgjrdmkf diotrf hfs lugjrjs y his omöis y, pir itri hfki, his fddmkjotjs kj træosmti. Jo flcis dfsis jh Qjr÷ lujstrf uo ræpmki drjdmlmjoti kj dfsis quj rjsuhtf luy mhustrftmvi pfrf ljkmr jh kjtjrmiri kj hfs diokmdmiojs kj vmkf. [ikfs [ ikfs jstfs jxprjsmiojs quj niljotfo, kj uof u itrf lfojrf, jh sjotmlmjoti kj mosjburmkfk kj hf pichfdmôo pjrufof sio smo kukf sìotilfs kj brfvjs prichjlfs quj rfkmdfo jo hf sidmjkfk. Tmo jlcfrbi, jstf jxphmdfdmôo js pfrdmfh. Jh itri hfki kjh prichjlf js hf modfpfdmkfk mostmtudmiofh pfrf efdjr nrjotj f jstf rjfhmkfk. Js uo ejdei quj hf pihmdìf pjrufof sj jodujotrf sulmkf jo uof prinuokf drmsms kj lfojrf tfh quj cmjo pikrìf pikr ìf nirlfr pfrtj kjh prichjlf, kfk kfki i hf brfo dfotmkfk kj jnjdtmvis quj sj efhhfo dilpriljtmkis jo fdtis kjhmdtmvis.  Fsmlmsli,, hfs itrfs mostmtudmiojs  Fsmlmsli mostmtudmiojs p÷chmdfs p÷chmdfs quj bufrkfo rjhfdmôo dio hf sjburmkfk sjburmkfk p÷chmdf, dili sio jh Qikjr Gukmdmfh y jh smstjlf pjomtjodmfrmi, tflcmío pridjsfo sus pripmfs drmsms y rjsuhtfo mofkjdufkis pfrf hfs dmrduostfodmfs fdtufhjs quj prjsjotf jh pfìs. Hf nfhtf kj rjspujstf pir pfrtj kjh Jstfki ef litmvfki quj hf sidmjkfk iptj pir fhbuofs nirlfs kj kjnjosf quj, sfhvi fhbuofs jxdjpdmiojs dili his ‘sjrjofzbis“ irbfomzfkis pir hfs luomdm pfhmkfkjs kj Hmlf Ljtripihmtfof y his luomdmpmis kj dfkf privmodmf kjh Qjr÷., sio læs cmjo jspiotæojfs y smo omob÷o diotrih mostmtudmiofh. Jstfs rjspujstfs sidmfhjs oi sôhi sio iojrisfs j mojnmdfdjs smoi tflcmío pjhmbrisfs y diotrfprikudjotjs pfrf kmslmoumr hf mosjburmkfk. Jo his cfrrmis urcfois lfrbmofhjs, pir jgjlphi, sio dfkf vjz læs nrjdujotjs his hmodeflmjotis tuluhtuisis kj supujstis kjhmodujotjs. Kj jstf lfojrf, hf sjburmkfk ef kjvjomki jo uo fspjdti prmirmtfrmi pfrf hf fbjokf quj kjcj kjsfrrihhfrsj kjsfrri hhfrsj jo Qjr÷. Hf pichfdmôo sj smjotj læs fljofzfkf quj ouodf pir hf kjhmodujodmf, his jlprjsfrmis jstæo prjidupfkis pir sus distis kj sjburmkfk y hfs futirmkfkjs cusdfo kmsjöfr jstrftjbmfs fkjdufkfs pfrf uo prichjlf urbjotj. Jo jsj sjotmki, jh prjsjotj tjxti cusdf litmvfr rjspujstfs fh dôli, kôokj, duæoki y pir quí sj prikudjo hfs fddmiojs quj fnjdtfo hf sjburmkfk kj hf pichfdmôo pjrufof. Fsì, F sì, ejlis trftfki kj rjdiostrumr hf jvihudmôo kj jstfs jxprjsmiojs vmihjotfs vmih jotfs kurfotj hf prjsjotj kídfkf, pfrf kj jsf lfojrf inrjdjr uo fdjrdflmjoti quj fyukj f rjspiokjr hfs motjrribfotjs jxpujstfs.

LF[JSMFHJT ] LJ[IKIT7 Hfs dmnrfs utmhmzfkfs pfrf jh dfsi kj hf jxtjosmôo tjrrmtirmfh kj dfkf kjpfrtfljoti sio hfs inmdmfhjs, inrjdmkfs pir jh Mostmtuti Ofdmiofh kj Jstfkìstmdf j Monirlætmdf (MOJM). Qfrf his kftis pichfdmiofhjs ejlis utmhmzfki his rjsuhtfkis nmofhjs kjh Djosi Ofdmiofh kj Qichfdmôo kj 6==4. Feirf cmjo, his kjhmtis tikis oi tmjojo jh lmsli omvjh kj brfvjkfk. Qir jhhi, pfrf dfkf kjpfrtfljoti sj ef jhfcirfki ìokmdjs kj mosjburmkfk pfrf jh pjrìiki 6==1 - 6==> pir dfkf vfrmfchj kjhmdtmvf i kj vmihjodmf. Fkjlæs kj hf ipjrfdmôo kj rjhfdmiofr hf modmkjodmf kj dfkf vfrmfchj f hf pichfdmôo kjpfrtfljotfh ejlis diosmkjrfki uo vfhir kj piokjrfdmôo kmnjrjotj f kmdefs vfrmfchjs sjb÷o hf brfvjkfk rjhftmvf kjh tmpi kj kjhmodujodmf i kj vmihjodmf movihudrfkf. Kj jstj liki jh ìokmdj kj mosjburmkfk pfrf uof vfrmfchj kjhmdtmvf jo uo kjpfrtfljoti sj ictmjoj kj kmvmkmr hf pripirdmôo kj kjhmtis kjh

 

kjpfrtfljoti rjspjdti fh titfh ofdmiofh kj kmdeis kjhmtis jotrj hf pripirdmôo kj hf pichfdmôo kjh kjpfrtfljoti rjspjdti f hf pichfdmôo ofdmiofh. F jstf dmnrf sj hj luhtmphmdf pir jh vfhir kj piokjrfdmôo kj brfvjkfk kj dfkf tmpi kj kjhmti. Jstfkìstmdf j Monirlætmdf (MOJM)7 Qjr÷7 dilpjokmi jstfkìstmdi 6=5= - 6==1, Hmlf, 6==10 Qjr÷7 Dilpjokmi Jstfkìstmdi 6==6 - =3. Hmlf, 6==30 Qjr÷7 Qjr÷7 Qjr÷7 Qjr÷7 Qjr÷7

Dilpjokmi Dilpjokmi jstfkìstmdi jstfkìstmdi 6==4-=;, 6==;-=:, Hmlf, Hmlf, 6==;. 6==:0 Dilpjokmi jstfkìstmdi 6==:-=>, Hmlf, 6==>0 jstfkìstmdfs kj hf drmlmofhmkfk 6=5=-6==1, Hmlf, 6==10 jstfkìstmdfs kj hf drmlmofhmkfk 6==4-6==;, Hmlf, 6==:.

SJTZH[FKI ] KMTD KMTDZTMIO ZTMIO77 Qfrf hfs vmihfdmiojs kj Kjrjdeis Eulfois. Lmomstjrmi Q÷chmdi, Nmsdfhìf Jspjdmfh kj Kjnjosirìf kjh Qujchi y Kjrjdeis Eulfois7 Kjouodmfs mobrjsfkfs jo jh Lmomstjrmi Q÷chmdi sicrj vmihfdmôo kj Kjrjdeis Eulfois, sjb÷o kjpfrtfljoti kj idurrjodmf, 6==16==4. Jo7 Mostmtuti Ofdmiofh kj Jstfkìstmdf j Monirlætmdf (MOJM)7 Qjr÷7 jstfkìstmdf kj hf drmlmofhmkfk 6==4-6==;, Hmlf, 6==:. Lmomstjrmi Q÷chmdi, Kjpfrtfljoti kj Jstfkìstmdf7 Kjouodmfs mobrjsfkfs sicrj vmihfdmôo kj Kjrjdeis Eulfois, sjb÷o kjpfrtfljoti, kjpfrtf ljoti, 6==66==:. Jo7 Mostmtuti Duæoti7 Qjr÷ '=> jo o÷ljris, foufrmi jstfkìstmdi, Hmlf, 6==>. Lmomstjrmi Q÷chmdi, foufrmi jstfkìstmdi 6==>7 Kjouodmfs mobrjsfkfs f hf nmsdfhìf jspjdmfh kj Kjnjosirìf kjh Qujchi sicrj vmihfdmôo kj Kjrjdeis Eulfois, sjb÷o kjpfrtfljoti kj idurrjodmf, 6==>. Jo7 Mostmtuti Duæoti7 Qjr÷ '=2 jo o÷ljris, foufrmi jstfkìstmdi, Hmlf, 6==2. Js icvmi quj "motjrvjodmôo pihmdmfh" oi js hi lmsli quj uo ejdei kjhmdtmvi y quj hf sulf kj hfs prmljrfs luy pismchjljotj sjf ljoir quj hf sulf kj his sjbuokis. Qjri js pismchj utmhmzfr jstf monirlfdmôo pfrf jvfhufr hf jvihudmôo kj hfs tjokjodmfs.

QIOKJSFDMÔO QIOKJ SFDMÔO KJ HF BSF^JKFK KJ H HIT IT KJHM[IT ^frmfchj kjhmdtmvf 

Qjsi

Kjhmtis diotrf hf vmkf, jh dujrpi y hf sfhuk Kjhmtis diotrf jh pftrmliomi ^mihfdmiojs kj KK.EE. Ofrditrænmdi [jrrirmsli Fddmkjotjs kj træosmti Diosuli kj kribfs Fljofzfs kj itris Jstfkis

1.4 1.3 1.3 1.6 1.15 1.1: 1.1: 1.13 

 

DIODHZTMIOJT7 Jo diodhusmôo, jh ìokmdj kj mosjburmkfk bjojrfh kj uo kjpfrtfljoti sj ictmjoj kj sulfr his ìokmdjs kj mosjburmkfk pir dfkf tmpi kj kjhmti. Fh rjsuhtfki kj dfkf kjpfrtfljoti sj hj luhtmphmdf pir 1.>, uo nfdtir kj fgustj frcmtrfrmi pfrf ictjojr dmnrfs smtufkfs jotrj 6 y 1. Jh ìokmdj kj mosjburmkfk bjojrfh bjojrf h kjh pfìs jo uo föi sj ictmjoj kjh priljkmi kj his ìokmdjs ì okmdjs kj mosjburmkfk kj his 3: kjpfrtfljotis. Qfrf efhhfr jh ìokmdj kj mosjburmkfk kjh pfìs jo jh pjrmiki 6==1 -6==> tflcmío sj rjdurrj fh priljkmi kj his ìokmdjs jo his 2 föis. Qfrf efhhfr jh ìokmdj kj mosjburmkfk kjh pfìs jo jh pjrmiki 6==1 -6==> tflcmío sj rjdurrj fh priljkmi kj his ìokmdjs jo his 2 föis. Jo diodhusmôo, jh ìokmdj kj mosjburmkfk bjojrfh kj uo kjpfrtfljoti sj ictmjoj kj sulfr his ìokmdjs kj mosjburmkfk pir dfkf tmpi kj kjhmti.  Fh rjsuhtfki kj dfkf kjpfrtfljoti sj hj luhtmphmdf luhtmphmdf pir 1.>, uo nfdtir kj fgustj frcmtrf frcmtrfrmi rmi pfrf ictjojr dmnrfs smtufkfs jotrj 6 y 1. Jh ìokmdj kj mosjburmkfk bjojrfh kjh pfìs jo uo föi sj ictmjoj kjh priljkmi kj his ìokmdjs kj mosjburmkfk kj his 3: kjpfrtfljotis. Qfrf efhhfr jh ìokmdj kj mosjburmkfk kjh pfìs jo jh pjrmiki 6==1 -6==> tflcmío sj rjdurrj fh priljkmi kj his ìokmdjs jo his 2 föis. Qfrf efhhfr jh ìokmdj kj mosjburmkfk kjh pfìs jo jh pjrmiki 6==1 -6==> tflcmío sj rjdurrj fh priljkmi kj his ìokmdjs jo his 2 föis.  Fprixmlfdmiojs dufotmtftmvfs  Fprixmlfdmiojs dufotmtftmvfs f hf mosjburmkfk mosjburmkfk jo jh Qjr÷ Jo priljkmi, priljkmi, sicrj uo læxmli læxmli kj 6, jh ìokmdj kj mosjburmkfk kjh Qjr÷, dio kftis yf rjfgustfkis, js kj 1.;6 kurfotj jsis föis, fhdfozfoki su omvjh læs fhti jo 6==:, dufoki rjbmstrf 1.:1, y jh omvjh læs cfgi jo 6==6, dio 1.4;. Jo bjojrfh, hi quj sj fprjdmf js quj efstf 6==; oi jxmstìfo brfokjs kjsomvjhjs jotrj föi y föi, smoi uof tjokjodmf f nhudtufr jo uo tírlmoi ljkmi-fhti, pjri jo 6==: sj jvmkjodmf uof oitirmf fhzf jo his ìokmdjs kj mosjburmkfk. Qfrf pridjkjr f uo prmljr omvjh kj jstrftmnmdfdmôo pir omvjhjs kj mosjburmkfk ejlis nirlfki duftri brupis, tjomjoki dili rjnjrjodmf his ìokmdjs kjpfrtfljotfhjs. Tj ef pridjkmki f fgustfr jstis ìokmdjs dio hf nmofhmkfk kj quj qujkjo modirpirfkis kjotri kjh rfobi kj jvfhufdmôo quj ejlis diostrumki. Jh prmljr brupi sjrìf kj "læxmlf mosjburmkfk" y sus ìokmdjs sio supjrmirjs f 1.50 jh sjbuoki, kj "mosjburmkfk ljkmf fhtf", tmjoj uo rfobi quj vf kj 1.: f 1.50 jh tjrdjri hi kjoilmoflis kj "mosjburmkfk ljkmf cfgf" y sus ìokmdjs jstæo jotrj 1.3 y 1.:0 nmofhljotj, jh dufrti js jh kj "cfgf mosjburmkfk" y sus ìokmdjs sio ljoirjs f 1.3. Jo jh prmljr brupi sj jodujotrf jh kjpfrtfljoti kj Hmlf. Jstj kjpfrtfljoti js jh 4% kjh tjrrmtirmi ofdmiofh. Tmo jlcfrbi, rjprjsjotfo ofkf ljois quj jh 35% kj hf pichfdmôo ofdmiofh. Jh sjbuoki brupi modirpirf f his kjpfrtfljotis kj Guoìo, Fyfdudei,  Flfziofs,  Flfziof s, [fdof, Frjqumpf y Dfhhfi. Jstis efdjo uo 6>% kj hf jxtjos jxtjosmôo môo kjh Qjr÷ y jh 62% kj hf pichfdmôo. Sjspjdti fh tjrdjr brupi, tjojlis quj fhhì sj jodujotrfo his smbumjotjs kjpfrtfljotis, jo irkjo kjdrjdmjotj7 Hflcfyjquj, Hf Hmcjrtfk, Tfo Lfrtìo, Mdf, Fpurìlfd, [ulcjs, Euæoudi, Fodfse, Zdfyfhm, Liqujbuf, Qfsdi, Eufodfvjhmdf, Dusdi, Lfkrj kj Kmis, Qmurf y Quoi. [ikis jhhis efdjo jh :1% kjh tjrrmtirmi ofdmiofh y jh ;>% kj hf pichfdmôo. Jo jh dufrti brupi jstæo his kjpfrtfljotis kj Hirjti y Dfgflfrdf. Jstis sulfo jh 46% kjh tjrrmtirmi pjrufoi y jh =% kj hf pichfdmôo.

 

f) Kjhmtis diotrf hf vmkf, jh dujrpi y hf sfhuk Jo jstf vfrmfchj sj modhuyjo eilmdmkmis, fcirtis, hjsmiojs y itris (jxpiojr fh pjhmbri i fh fcfokioi f hfs pjrsiofs, bjoidmkmis, jtd.). Tj hj ef diosmkjrfki dili jh prmodmpfh sìotilf kj mosjburmkfk, pir hi quj sj hj fsmbof uof piokjrfdmôo kj brfvjkfk kj 1.4. Jh rjsuhtfki priljkmi kj mosjburmkfk pir jstj rucri pfrf 6==1-6==> js kj 1.3>, prikudti kj uof jvihudmôo quj lfotuvi lfotuv i sus puotis læs fhtis jo his föis 6==: y 6==> (flcis dio 1.32), y su omvjh læs cfgi jo 6==; (1.33). Qir qumoqujomi hi quj pujkj vjrsj, oi jxmstj uofkjpfrtfljotis v frmfcmhmkfk oitfchj vfrmfcmhmkfk jotrj föi y föi. His pri priljkmis ljkmis kjh ois mokmdfo quj his kj Hflcfyjquj (1.:3) y Flfziofs (1.:1) rjsuhtfo tjojr jh lfyir mlpfdti rjhftmvi jo jstj tmpi kj kjhmtis. Jotrj flcis rj÷ojo jh >% kj hf pichfdmôo ofdmiofh. Fsmlmsli, Frjqumpf, Dfhhfi, Hmlf y [fdof, ucmdfkis jo uo rfobi jotrj 1.; y 1.:, dionirlfrìfo hf smbumjotj fbrupfdmôo. Jo tikis jhhis tjokrìflis uof modmkjodmf ljkmf fhtf jo jstj tmpi kj kjhmtis, y jstfrìf movihudrfkf jh 42% kj hf pichfdmôo ofdmiofh. Ticrj hf ljkmf ofdmiofh, js kjdmr jotrj 1.3 y 1.4, jstfrìfo his kjpfrtfljotis kj Guoìo, Hf Hmcjrtfk, Liqujbuf, Mdf, Dusdi, Lfkrj kj Kmis, [ulcjs y  Fodfse. Jo dioguoti, dioguoti, rjprjsjotfo rjprjsjotfo jh 3;% 3;% kj kj hf pichfdmôo. pichfdmôo. Zof Zof cfgf cfgf modmkjodmf modmkjodmf jo jstj tmpi kj kjhmtis js hf quj rjpirtfo his kjpfrtfljotis quj priljkmfo jotrj 1.1 y 1.3. Tio Tfo Lfrtìo, Qmurf, Euæoudi, Fpurìlfd, Zdfyfhm, Quoi, Qfsdi, Fyfdudei, Dfgflfrdf, Hirjti y Eufodfvjhmdf. [ikis jhhis titfhmzfo jh 44% kj hf pichfdmôo pjrufof. c) Kjhmtis diotrf jh pftrmliomi Fquì sj modhuyjo his eurtis, ricis, fpripmfdmiojs mhìdmtfs, jstfnfs, nrfukjs y itris (jxtirsmôo, usurpfdmôo, kföis. jtd.). Hf piokjrfdmôo kj brfvjkfk fsmbofkf f jstf vfrmfchj js kj 1.3. His föis 6==1-6==> frrigfo uo ìokmdj kj 1.6;. F kmnjrjodmf kj his itris ìokmdjs, ístj lfrdf uo fuljoti quj fuoquj lìomli, js diostfotj.  Fsì, sm pfrf 6==1 jh priljkmi priljkmi js kj kj 1.64, 1.64, pfrf pfrf 6==6, 6==6, 6==3 6==3 y 6==4 js kj 1.6;, y pfrf pfrf 6==;, 6==;, 6==: y 6==> js kj 1.6:. Jo tírlmois kjpfrtfljotfhjs, Hmlf, Dfhhfi Dfhhf i y Frjqumpf jodfcjzfo hf hmstf, dio ìokmdjs kj 1.42, 1.4; y 1.44, rjspjdtmvfljotj. Jo jstf modmkjodmf, pir jodmlf kjh priljkmi ofdmiofh, jstæ movihudrfkf jh 4>% kj hf pichfdmôo. Jo uo sjbuoki brupi, tflcmío pir jodmlf kjh priljkmi ofdmiofh, jstfrìfo his kjpfrtfljotis kj [fdof (1.35), Hf Hmcjrtfk (1.36), Mdf (1.36), [ulcjs (1.65), Liqujbuf (1.62), Hflcfyjquj (1.62), Guoìo (1.6:) y Fodfse (1.6:). Jhhis rjprjsjotfo jh 3;% kj hf pichfdmôo. Jo jh priljkmi ofdmiofh jstæo Flfziofs (1.6;), Zdfyfhm (1.63) y Dusdi (1.66). Jstis kjpfrtfljotis sio jh 5% kj hf pichfdmôo. Qir kjcfgi kjh priljkmi ofdmiofh sj jodujotrfo his kjpfrtfljotis kj Euæoudi (1.1=), Lfkrj kj Kmis (1.15), Qmurf (1.15), Hirjti Hirjt i (1.12), Tfo Lfrtìo (1.12), Quoi (1.1>), Qfsdi (1.1>), Fyfdudei (1.1;), Fpurìlfd (1.1;), Dfgflfrdf (1.14) y Eufodfvjhmdf (1.16). [ikis jhhis sulfo jh 43% kj hf pichfdmôo ofdmiofh. d) ^mihfdmiojs kj kjrjdeis eulfois F kmnjrjodmf kj his itris rucris, ístj js jh ÷omdi quj lmkj hf mosjburmkfk dmukfkfof bjojrfkf pir jh Jstfki. Modhuyj his smbumjotjs fspjdtis7 kjlfokf kj bfrfotìfs mokmvmkufhjs, nfhhjdmlmjoti, kjtjodmôo, fcusi kj futirmkfk, smtufdmôo  gurìkmdf,, jgjdudmôo  gurìkmdf jgjdudmôo jxtrfgukmdmfh jxtrfgukmdmfh y hjsmiojs. Tj hj ef itirbfki itirbfki uo pjsi kj 1.3. Kjcjlis Kjcjlis foitfr quj pfrf jstj dfsi oi ejlis modhumki hfs kjouodmfs sicrj kjsfpfrmdmiojs pirquj rjsuhtf mlpismchj, f pfrtmr kj his kftis inmdmfhjs, kmsdjromr sicrj hfs dfusfs kj jstj tmpi kj dfsis. Jh priljkmi bjojrfh pfrf his föis trftfkis js kj 1.64. Jo 6==1 jh priljkmi js kj 1.6;, kmslmouyj jo 6==6 f 1.63, sucj jo 6==3 f 1.6:, cfgf f 1.6; jo 6==4 y vujhvj vujhv j f sucmr

 

f 1.6: jo 6==;. Jo 6==: jh ìokmdj nuj kj 1.66 y jo 6==> kmslmouyô f 1.15. Zof kj hfs dfrfdtjrìstmdfs quj lujstrf jstf vfrmfchj js hf jvmkjotj diodjotrfdmôo kj sus nrjdujodmfs jo fhbuois kjpfrtfljotis. Kj jsf lfojrf, jh brupi quj lfomnmjstf lfyir modmkjodmf jstæ nirlfki pir Fyfdudei (1.:6), Fpurìlfd (1.;>), Hmlf (1.;4), Guoìo (1.4:) y Eufodfvjhmdf (1.3:). Jsti smbomnmdf quj jh 4=% kj hf pichfdmôo pjrufof jstæ jolfrdfkf jo uo flcmjotj kj modmkjodmf ljkmf fhtf jo hf vmihfdmôo kj kjrjdeis eulfois. Zo sjbuoki dioguoti js jh kj fqujhhis kjpfrtfljotis quj sj ucmdfo jo jh priljkmi ofdmiofh. Jstis sio Euæoudi (1.6>), Qfsdi (1.6;), Flfziofs (1.64) y Tfo Lfrtìo (1.62). Jhhis titfhmzfo jh 5% kj hf pichfdmôo pjrufof. F diotmoufdmôo sj ucmdfo tikis fqujhhis kjpfrtfljotis quj sj efhhfo pir kjcfgi kjh priljkmi ofdmiofh. Kjcjlis diosmkjrfr quj jh ìokmdj læs fhti jo jstj dioguoti js kj 1.61, fhdfozfki pir Fodfse. Mbufhljotj, js mlpirtfotj foitfr quj duftri kjpfrtfljotis ([ulcjs, [fdof, Lfkrj kj Kmis y Liqujbuf), rjsuhtfo dio uo ìokmdj kj 1. k) [rænmdi mhìdmti kj kribfs Cfgi jstf vfrmfchj sj diosmbofo tikfs hfs motjrvjodmiojs pihmdmfhjs rjfhmzfkfs pfrf his föis 6==4, 6==: y 6==> pujs sio his ÷omdis, jotrj his quj ejlis tilfki jo diosmkjrfdmôo, quj tmjojo uof monirlfdmôo kjsfbrjbfkf pir kjpfrtfljotis. Tj hj ef fsmbofki uof piokjrfdmôo kj brfvjkfk kj 1.6. Jh ìokmdj priljkmi ofdmiofh js kj 1.66. His kjpfrtfljotis dio ìokmdjs læs fhtis sio [ulcjs (1.;6) y Zdfyfhm (1.35). Tio sjbumkis pir Tfo Lfrtìo (1.3:), [fdof (1.3:), Flfziofs (1.33), Euæoudi (1.31), Hirjti (1.6=), Fyfdudei (1.63) y Hmlf (1.63). [ikis jhhis rjprjsjotfo jh ;:% kj hf pichfdmôo ofdmiofh. Jo jh priljkmi ofdmiofh jstæo Lfkrj kj Kmis (1.66), Hf Hmcjrtfk (1.66), Hflcfyjquj (1.1=), Qmurf (1.15), Qfsdi (1.15) j Mdf (1.1>). [ikis jhhis sulfo jh 31% kj hf pichfdmôo pjrufof. Qir kjcfgi kjh ìokmdj priljkmi jstæo Dusdi (1.1:), Fodfse (1.1:), Guoìo (1.1;), Dfhhfi (1.14), Frjqumpf (1.13), Quoi (1.13), Dfgflfrdf (1.13) y Liqujbuf (1.13). [flcmío Eufodfvjhmdf y Fpurìlfd, flcis dio ìokmdj 1 jo jstj rucri. [fhjs dmnrfs lujstrfo vmsmchjs kmstirsmiojs dio rjhfdmôo f hi quj fdiotjdj jo hf rjfhmkfk y jstfrìfo rjnhjgfoki, fh pfrjdjr, uof sjrmf kjnmdmjodmf jo his rjbmstris. Dili pikræ oitfrsj hf fddmôo pihmdmfh pfrjdj rjfhmzfr læs motjrvjodmiojs jo hfs efcmtufhjs pujrtfs kj sfhmkf kj hf kribf y oi jo his hubfrjs jo quj sj prikudj. Qir jsi jodiotrflis quj smtmis dili [ulcjs, [fdof y Dfhhfi (js kjdmr, ziofs nriotjrmzfs y kj jlcfrquj), sio his quj jodfcjzfo his ìokmdjs, smjoki smotilætmdi quj hfs rjbmiojs prikudtirfs, yf sjf Euæoudi, Fyfdudei y jo dmjrtf ljkmkf Dusdi, oi sj efhhjo jotrj his kjpfrtfljotis jo kiokj sj ef rjfhmzfki hf lfyir dfotmkfk kj motjrvjodmiojs, jo tírlmois rjhftmvis. j) [jrrirmsli Hfs jstfkìstmdfs utmhmzfkfs sio hfs fddmiojs sucvjrsmvfs rjbmstrfkfs pir hf pihmdìf, pfrf his föis 6==1-6==>. Tj kjcj tilfr jo diosmkjrfdmôo quj pfrf jstj dfsi hf monirlfdmôo diodjromjotj fh Dfhhfi, jstæ rjsulmkf jo hf kj Hmlf. Hf piokjrfdmôo kj brfvjkfk fsmbofkf js kj 1.15. His ìokmdjs foufhjs priljkmis pril jkmis rjnhjgfo, dili pujkj vjrsj v jrsj jo jh dufkri rjspjdtmvi, uof oitirmf kmstirsmôo quj efdj fpfrjdjr f his föis 6==: y 6==> dio uof modmkjodmf lfyir quj his föis fotjrmirjs. Hf jxphmdfdmôo rjsmkj jo jh smbumjotj njoôljoi7 f momdmis kj hf kídfkf jh tjrrirmsli dilpriljtìf uof brfo pfrtj kjh tjrrmtirmi ofdmiofh, pjri f pfrtmr kj 6==; sj nuj diodjotrfoki jo kjpfrtfljotis kj cfgf kjosmkfk pichfdmiofh, kfoki dili rjsuhtfki uois ìokmdjs rjhftmvis fhtis quj sicrjkmljosmiofo jh

 

priljkmi foufh. Kj jsf lfojrf, sjöfhfki jh jnjdti jstfkìstmdi quj prikudj jh njoôljoi tjrrirmstf, pikjlis diodhumr quj jh ìokmdj priljkmi pfrf jh pjrìiki 6==1-6==> js kj 1.1>. Jo tírlmois kjpfrtfljotfhjs, uo brupi kj jhhis sj jstfchjdj dhfrfljotj pir jodmlf kj hf ljkmf ofdmiofh. Jstis sio Fyfdudei (1.36), Tfo Lfrtìo (1.6=), Eufodfvjhmdf (1.6>), Guoìo (1.6:), Qfsdi (1.64) y Hmlf-Dfhhfi Hmlf-D fhhfi (1.1=). [ikis jhhis sulfo jh ;;% kj hf pichfdmôo kjh Qjr÷. Jo jh priljkmi ofdmiofh sj jodujotrfo his kjpfrtfljotis kj Zdfyfhm (1.1>),  Fodfse (1.1>), Quoi Quoi (1.1:), (1.1: Hf Hmcjrtfk Hmcjrtfk (1.1:) jo y Fpurìlfd Sjprjsjotfo Sjpyrjsjotfo jh 65% hf pichfdmôo ofdmiofh. His ), rjstfotjs, ucmdfkis uo rfobi (1.1;). jotrj 1.1; 1, sj ucmdfo kj kj hf smbumjotj lfojrf7 Flfziofs (1.14), Dusdi (1.14), Qmurf (1.14), Hflcfyjquj (1.14), Dfgflfrdf (1.13), Mdf (1.13), Frjqumpf (1.13), [fdof (1.13), Hirjti (1.16), [ulcjs (1.16), Liqujbuf (1.16) y Lfkrj kj Kmis (1.11). n) Diosuli kj kribfs Hf nujotj utmhmzfkf, hfs motjrvjodmiojs pihmdmfhjs, jstæo kjsfbrjbfkfs pir kjpfrtfljotis sôhi pfrf his föis 6==4, 6==: y 6==>. F jstf vfrmfchj sj hj ef fsmbofki uof piokjrfdmôo kj brfvjkfk kj 1.1:. Jh priljkmi ofdmiofh rjsuhtfotj js kj 1.14. Jodfcjzfo hf hmstf his kjpfrtfljotis kj Hmlf y Hf Hmcjrtfk, dio ìokmdjs kj 1.1= y 1.15 rjspjdtmvfljotj. Tio sjbumkis pir [ulcjs (1.12), Mdf (1.1>) y Hflcfyjquj (1.1>). Jstj brupi kj kjpfrtfljotis, jo kiokj jstfrìf hidfhmzfkf hf lfyir modmkjodmf kj diosuli kj kribfs, diotmjojo jh ;3% kj hf pichfdmôo pichfdm ôo ofdmiofh. Hujbi tjojlis uof nrfogf hmlmtfkf pir 1.1: y 1.4, quj modirpirf f his kjpfrtfljotis kj [fdof (1.1:), Zdfyfhm (1.1:), Euæoudi (1.1;), Hirjti (1.1;), Qmurf (1.14) y Guoìo (1.14). Tio his quj sj efhhfo kjotri kj his tírlmois priljkmis kjh pfìs j modhuyjo fh 31% kj hf pichfdmôo. Jotrj 1.13 y 1.11 jstæo Tfo Lfrtìo (1.13), Fodfse (1.13), Dfgflfrdf (1.13), Flfziofs (1.13), Qfsdi (1.16), Liqujbuf (1.16), Lfkrj kj Kmis (1.16), Quoi (1.16), Dusdi (1.16) y Dfhhfi (1.16). [flcmío Eufodfvjhmdf, Fpurìlfd, Frjqumpf y Fyfdudei, tikis jhhis dio uo ìokmdj kj 1.11. (^ífosj Dufkris 63 y 64). b) Fddmkjotjs kj træosmti Jo jstj dfsi, hf monirlfdmôo pir kjpfrtfljoti sôhi jstæ kmspiomchj pfrf his föis 6==;, 6==: y 6==>. Tj hj ef kfki uo pjsi kj 1.1:. Jo tírlmois ofdmiofhjs jh ìokmdj rjsuhtfotj js kj 1.14 y his kjpfrtfljotis quj lujstrfo lfyir modmkjodmf sio Hmlf y Liqujbuf, dio ìokmdjs kj 1.6 y 1.1= 63 rjspjdtmvfljotj. F diotmoufdmôo, jotrj 1.15 y 1.14, jstæo [fdof (1.15), Guoìo (1.15),  Frjqumpf (1.15), Dfhhfi (1.12) (1.12) j Mdf (1.1>). Jstis Jstis kis kis chiqujs chiqujs sulfo, sulfo, jo dioguoti, dioguoti, jh ;:% ;:% kj hf pichfdmôo ofdmiofh. Dio uof ljoir modmkjodmf, ucmdfkis jo jh priljkmi kjh pfìs, jstæo Fodfse, Hf Hmcjrtfk, Fyfdudei, Hflcfyjquj, [ulcjs, Euæoudi, Qmurf y Quoi. [ikis jhhis lujstrfo uo ìokmdj jotrj 1.14 y 1.13. Qir itrf pfrtj, Zdfyfhm, Lfkrj kj Kmis, Dfgflfrdf, Tfo Lfrtìo, Dusdi, Flfziofs y Hirjti tmjojo uo ìokmdj kj 1.16. Lmjotrfs tfoti, Eufodfvjhmdf, Qfsdi y Fpurìlfd lujstrfo uo ìokmdj kj 1.11.

SJNJSJODMFT CMCHMIBSFNMDF CMCHMIBSFNMDFT7 T7  

ettps7//rpp.pj/pjru/fdtufhmkfk/diriofvmrus-jo-jh-pjru-mosjburmkfk-y-kjhmodujodmf-dmukfkfofkurfotj-hf-pfokjlmf-jo-jh-pfms-oitmdmf-6461166   kurfotj-hf-pfokjlmf-jo-jh-pfms-oitmdmf-6461166   ettps7//mostmtutikjsjburmkfk.jku.pj/hf-itrf-pfokjlmf-hf-mosjburmkfk-dmukfkfof/    ettps7//www.mpj.irb.pj/pirtfh/hf-hmcjrtfk-kmslmouyj-vmdtmlmzfdmio-kj-kjhmodujodmf-pir 

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