La Identidad Cultural No Existe (F. Jullien. Taurus, 2016)

 

 

YÍC\L@AY L@   Nmlcustkollrlfaags

Nmlcustkollr Nmlcust kollr

Nmlcustkollr   Nmlcustkollr

 

@AXK YAFVL OK XVKH\IIEÙ@

  Lo premlr clsta jeoasùjeia hl Jrk`ãaes Duooel` ia`sestl l` vaovlrsl lxtrk`dlra l` su prapek ol`cuk, clsta qul rlspa`hl ko prapùseta hl rliuplrkr, l` lo bkfok iatehek`k, sl`tehas apkikhas par lo telmpa y ok iastumfrl. Lstl ldlrieiea hl rlstetuieù` slmë`teik sl rlkoezk ia` jrliul`iek ‘y ia` åxeta  ‘ l` lo prlsl`tl oefra. Yl trktk hl lxpoatkr ko mëxema oas rliursas hl u`k ol`cuk, hl pok`tlkrol `ulvks lxecl`ieks, hl fusikr lolml`tas e`åhetas hl iamprl`seù`. Xko lsjulrza rlprlsl`tk u` hlskjía qul l`requlil ok kitevehkh hl trkhuiieù` y ok lxplrel`iek hl oliturk, bkieå`haoks mës iampoldks. \` iksa pkrteiuokrml`tl eoustrkteva ko rlsplita ls lo usa qul Jrk`ãaes Duooel` prapa`l hl ok pkokfrk jrk`ilsk åikrt . Lo heiiea`krea sucelrl «hestk`iek·, «slpkrkieù`·, «hejlrl`iek·. Ye` lmfkrca, lolvkha k rk`ca hl ia`ilpta, lo prlsl`tl vaikfoa hlsvík lstks premlrks e`tl`iea`ls hl trkhuiieù` y rliokmk u`k rljolxeù` ktl`tk k sus pasefeoehkhls jeoasùjeiks. Ku`qul oks ehlks hl hestk`iek, slpkrkieù` y hejlrl`iek lstë` olcítemkml`tl ia`tl`ehks l` lo vaikfoa åikrt , ls `lilskrea prlieskr qul lstk pkokfrk rlmetl, khlmës, k u`k hevlrcl`iek qul rlokiea`k oas tårme`as hestk`iekhas, slpkrkhas a hejlrl`tls. @a ls l`ta`ils u`k hestk`iek hlje`etevk, `e u`k slpkrkieù` kfsaoutk, `e u`k hejlrl`iek errlia`ieoekfol. Mës fel`, lo lspkiea kfelrta l`trl oas tårme`as hescrlckhas jkieoetk ok iamprl`seù` hl ikhk u`a l` rlokieù` ia` lo atra. Ksí kpkrlil l` oks lxprlsea`ls mlttrl î o―åikrt , rlstlr î o―åikrt   a åikrt hl ia`huetl, ia`huetl, l` oks qul ok kiieù` hl tamkr hestk`iek saoa ls iamprl`sefol par lo pol`a rlia`aiemel`ta hl kqulooa hl oa iuko sl tamk hestk`iek. ^ar oa tk`ta, lo usa hl ok pkokfrk åikrt  aflhlil   aflhlil k ok e`tl`ieù`, `a hl kjermkr ok ehl`tehkh hl oas tårme`as l` iulsteù`, se`a hl lxkotkr lo okza qul oas ve`iuok ia` u`k kotlrehkh. Hl kbí qul `a bkyk «ehl`tehkh iuoturko·. Ok jliu`hehkh hl ikhk iuoturk `kil hl oks tl`sea`ls l`trl vkoarls hevlrsas, `a hlo premkha se` ia`trkpu`ta hl u`k saok trkheieù`. Kfrer, irlkr, lstkfolilr u` åikrt   sec`ejeik, l` sumk, samltlr k iampkrkieù` has rliursas iuoturkols y kpravlibkr lo «l`trl· qul oas mk`tel`l slpkrkhas, plra ikrk k ikrk. Oks empoeikiea`ls hl lstk plrsplitevk sa` k`koezkhks

 

l` praju`hehkh par Jrk`ãaes Duooel`, y slrë ok crktk okfar hlo olitar ok qul plrmetk lo hlspoelcul ljliteva y tatko hl lstk mk`lrk hl l`tl`hlr oks rlokiea`ls, selmprl iampoldks, l`trl iuoturks. Bkfehk iul`tk hl ok hejeiuotkh pkrk l`ia`trkr u`k pkokfrk qul lxprlsl l` ikstlook`a lo sl`teha he`ëmeia hl åikrt , y k`tl ok e`sktesjkiieù` lxplreml`tkhk bkiek kocu`ks apiea`ls tl`tktevks iama «frlibk·, «bekta· al`jrl`tkhas, «hestk`iekmel`ta·  ‘l` oks iukols prlhame`k ok queltuh hl oas tårme`as ielrta ia`je`kmel`ta lståreo‘ pkrlil mës sl`skta hldkr ok pkokfrk l` su ol`cuk arece`ko y saoeietkr hlo olitar, u`k vlz blibks lstks ia`sehlrkiea`ls, ok iamprl`seù` hl åikrt   iama hestk`iek irlktevk, he`ëmeik, e`kikfkhk7 iama pulstk l` tl`seù`, rlokieù`, iampkrkieù`7 iama slpkrkieù` qul pa`l l` veoa tahk ehl`tehkh jedk y lstkfolil oks ia`heiea`ls `lilskreks pkrk u` vlrhkhlra heëoaca l`trl iuoturks. Hlshl oulca, se sl helrk l` vlrhkh, lsl heëoaca `a prltl`hlrík kook`kr oks lspliejeiehkhls hl ikhk ol`cuk, `e loeme`krík oks ia`sliul`tls hejeiuotkhls hl trkhuiieù`. ^ar lstl mateva ok hlieseù` hl ia`slrvkr ok pkokfrk åikrt  tlrme`k   tlrme`k par bkilr dusteiek ko pl`skmel`ta hl Jrk`ãaes Duooel`4 ia`jra`tkha ko vaikfoa jrk`iås, lo olitar hl bkfok bespk`k sl setôk yk, hl ool`a, l` lo «l`trl jliu`ha· qul empoíietkml`tl kilptk ia`jarmkr ia` lo tlxta qul kquí ajrlilmas.   ^KFOA I\KVXKY

 

 

OK EHL@XEHKH I\OX\VKO @A LREYXL

 

 

Ok rleve`heikieù` hl u`k ehl`tehkh iuoturko tel`hl k empa`lrsl, bay, l` taha lo mu`ha, iama rltar`a hlo `kiea`koesma y rlkiieù` k ok coafkoezkieù`. Ok ehl`tehkh iuoturko ls, ko pkrlilr, u`k murkook ia`trk ok kml`kzk`tl u`ejarmezkieù` hlo kjulrk y ia`trk oas iamu`etkresmas qul pahrík` me`krok hlshl hl`tra. ±Hù`hl l`ia`trkr l`ta`ils lo lqueoefrea l`trl ok taolrk`iek y ok ksemeokieù`, l`trl ok hljl`sk hl u`k se`cuokrehkh y ok lxecl`iek hl u`evlrskoehkh1 @a afstk`tl, lstl hlfktl ia`ielr`l safrl taha k Lurapk, kskotkhk hl rlpl`tl par huhks ia` rlsplita ko ehlko hl oks Ouils. L` cl`lrko empoeik ok rlokieù` hl oks iuoturks l`trl sí y oa qul pulhl slr su jutura. Kbark fel`, irla qul l` lstl iksa ia`ju`hemas oas ia`ilptas4 `a pulhl trktkrsl hl «hejlrl`ieks· qul kísok` oks iuoturks se`a hl åikrts åikrts,, qul oks setôk` jrl`tl k jrl`tl y l` tl`seù`, qul pramulvl` oa iamô` l`trl looks. Xkmpaia pulhl trktkrsl hl ok ehlk hl «ehl`tehkh· ‘yk qul oa prapea hl ok iuoturk ls mutkr y trk`sjarmkrsl‘ se`a hl jliu`hehkhls, a hl oa qul ya ookmkrå «rliursas·. @a hljl`hlrå l`ta`ils u`k ehl`tehkh iuoturko jrk`ilsk, empasefol hl ehl`tejeikr, se`a u`as rliursas iuoturkols jrk`ilsls (luraplas) ‘«hljl`hlr· `a tk`ta l` lo sl`teha hl pratlclroas se`a hl lxpoatkroas‘. ^uls, ku`qul ls ielrta qul tkols rliursas `kil` l` lo sl`a hl u`k trkheieù` y hl u`k ol`cuk, l` u` mlhea hltlrme`kha y l` u` pkeskdl ia`irlta, hlspuås qulhk` k hespaseieù` hl taha lo mu`ha y `a ol plrtl`lil` k `khel. @a sa` lxiousevas, iama ielrtas «vkoarls·7 `a sl prlia`ezk`, tkmpaia sl «prlheik`·. Mës fel`, sl hlspoelck` a sl qulhk` iama lstë`, sl kitevk` a sl hldk` iklr l` hlsusa, slcô` ok rlspa`skfeoehkh hl ikhk u`a. Xko hlspokzkmel`ta ia`ilptuko k`tl taha afoeck k rlhlje`er trls tårme`as revkols, oa u`evlrsko, oa u`ejarml y oa iamô`, ia` lo je` hl skikroas hlo lquívaia. Oa qul ia`huil, oulca, k rlpl`skr lo «heë-oaca· hl oks iuoturks4 hek hek hl  hl hestk`iek y hl ikme`a7 oacas oacas hl  hl iamô` y hl e`tloecefol. ^uls lsl iamô` hl oa e`tloecefol ls oa qul ia`stetuyl k oa bumk`a bumk`a.. Lquevaikrsl hl ia`ilptas oolvk k ktksikrsl l` u` jkosa hlfktl, qul par oa tk`ta ikrlil hl skoehk.

 

 

IK^ÍX\OA ^VEMLVA

Oa u`evlrsko, oa u`ejarml, oa iamô`

 

 

L`trkr l` lstl hlfktl lxecl prlieskr sus tårme`as, se` oa iuko iarrlmas lo relsca hl l`rlhkr`as. lxecl`iek vkol safrl tahasaoa pkrklxestl trls tårme`as4 u`evlrsko, oa u`ejarml y oa Xko iamô`. U pulsta qul `a lo relscaoa hl qul slk` ia`ju`hehas l`trl sí, ls `lilskrea loeme`kr lo lquívaia qul oas lmpkûk. L` ok iemk hl lstl treë`cuoa, oa u`evlrsko u`evlrsko tel`l,  tel`l, l` ljlita, has sl`tehas qul ls prliesa heste`cuer ‘se` oa iuko `a pulhl iamprl`hlrsl hl hù`hl prailhl su ikrëitlr lrl`tarea `e lrl`tarea  `e quå ls oa qul pa`l l` dulca pkrk ok saielhkh‘. \` premlr sl`teha pahrík ia`sehlrkrsl håfeo, hl sempol ia`stktkieù`, y sl oemetk k ok lxplrel`iek4 par ldlmpoa, iuk`ha ikhk quel` ia`jermk, par iuk`ta bk paheha afslrvkr bkstk kquí, qul oa u`evlrsko selmprl bk seha ksí. Lstl sl`teha ls hl cl`lrkoehkh. @a ikusk prafolmks `e blrehks. ^lra oa u`evlrsko tel`l tkmfeå` u` sl`teha julrtl, lo hl ok u`evlrskoehkh lstreitk a recurask ‘hl ok qul l` Lurapk blmas bliba u`k lxecl`iek pkrk lo pl`skmel`ta4 `asatras prltl`hlmas, k`tls hl tahk ia`jermkieù` par ok lxplrel`iek, l e`iousa afveë`haok, qul tko iask hlfl hlfl slr  slr ksí  ‘. @a saoa sl s l pel`sk qul tko tk o iask bk seha seh a selmprl ksí, se`a qul khlmës `a pulhl slr hl atrk mk`lrk. Lstl «u`evlrsko· yk `a ls ô`eikml`tl hl cl`lrkoehkh, tkmfeå` oa ls hl `lilsehkh4 u`evlrsko `a hl bliba se`a hl hlrliba (k (k preare)7 preare)7 `a iampkrkteva se`a kfsaouta7 `a tk`ta lxtl`seva se`a ia` vkoar hl emplrkteva. Yafrl lstl u`evlrsko l` sl`teha julrtl y recurasa oas crelcas ju`hkra` ok pasefeoehkh hl ok iel`iek7 k pkrter hl åo, ok Lurapk ioëseik, trksokhë`haoa hl oks mktlmëteiks k ok jíseik (@lwta`), ia`iefeù oks «olyls u`evlrskols hl ok `kturkolzk· ia` lo åxeta qul yk ia`ailmas. @a afstk`tl, lsl sl`teha hl oa u`evlrsko pok`tlk u`k prlcu`tk qul hevehl k ok mahlr`ehkh4 lo u`evlrsko recurasa ko iuko ok iel`iek hlfl su patl`iek, y qul kpoeik su `lilsehkh oùceik k oas jl`ùml`as hl ok `kturkolzk, trksokhë`haok hl oks mktlmëteiks k ok jíseik, ±ls ecuko hl plrte`l`tl ia` rlsplita k ok ia`huitk1 ±Ls tkmfeå` plrte`l`tl l` lo ëmfeta åteia1 ±@ulstrk ia`huitk lstë samltehk k ok `lilsehkh kfsaoutk hl emplrktevas markols, «iktlcùreias· (Gk`t), l` lo sl`teha hl ok `lilsehkh k preare qul preare qul hea ouckr ko åxeta e`ia`tlstkfol hl ok jíseik1 A, par lo ia`trkrea, ±bkfrík qul rleve`heikr, l` lo ëmfeta hl ok marko, l` lo rltera (slirlta) hl ok lxplrel`iek e`tlrear, lo hlrliba k pl`skr l` apaseieù` k oa u`evlrsko4 oa e`hevehuko e`hevehuko   a oa se`cuokr se`cuokr   (tko iama @eltzsibl a Gelrglckkrh oa beielra`)1 Ok prlcu`tk ls kô` mës urcl`tl par iuk`ta l` lsk lsjlrk hl oas

 

sudltas, y l` cl`lrko hl ok saielhkh, vlmas qul lo tårme`a «u`evlrsko· `a bk skoeha l` kfsaouta hlo lquívaia. Iuk`ha bkfokmas hl «bestarek u`evlrsko· (a hl «lxpaseieù` u`evlrsko·), lsl «u`evlrsko· pkrlil hl tatkoezkieù` y cl`lrkoehkh, plra `a hl `lilsehkh. ^lra ±aiurrl oa mesma iuk`ha bkfokmas hl ok u`evlrskoehkh hl oas hlrlibas bumk`as se` ia`ilhlrols u`k `lilsehkh hl pre`iepea1 ±Iuëolslsmës l`ta`ils su olcetemehkh1 u`k kfusevk empaseieù`1 Ok prlcu`tk plrte`l`tl bay pulsta±@a qul,lshlshl kqulo l`ta`ils, blmas tl`eha u`k lxplrel`iek ikpetko. Yl trktk e`iousa hl u`k hl oks lxplrel`ieks hliesevks hl `ulstrk åpaik4 k hejlrl`iek hl atrks iuoturks, lstkmas hlsiufrel`ha qul lsk lxecl`iek hl u`evlrskoehkh, qul arel`tù ok iel`iek luraplk y qul ok marko ioëseik rleve`heiù, ls taha ml`as u`evlrsko. Ls mës fel` se`cuokr, lsta ls, oa ia`trkrea, y prapek ‘ko ml`as oolvkhk k lsl crkha hl `lilsehkh‘ hl ok bestarek iuoturko hl Lurapk. Hl bliba, ±iùma sl trkhuil «oa u`evlrsko· iuk`ha skoemas hl Lurapk1 Hl kbí qul lsk lxecl`iek hl u`evlrsko, qul bkfíkmas pulsta iùmahkml`tl l` lo irlha irlha hl  hl `ulstrks ilrtlzks, l` ok fksl hl `ulstrks lvehl`ieks, sl rlvlok hl `ulva prame`l`tl y skol hl su fk`koehkh, vaoveå`hasl e`vl`tevk, kuhkz l e`iousa kvl`turlrk. Ok lxecl`iek hl oa u`evlrsko hldk ko hlsiufelrta, vestk hlshl kjulrk hl Lurapk, u`k jksie`k`tl lxtrkûlzk. Ok `aieù` hl u`ejarml u`ejarml ls  ls ecukoml`tl lquívaik. ^ahrík irllrsl, l` ljlita, qul ls lo iumpoemel`ta y ok rlkoezkieù` hl oa u`evlrsko. ^lra ls, hl bliba, su rlvlrsa7 a mës fel`, herík ya, su plrvlrseù`. ^uls oa u`ejarml sl rljelrl `a k ok rkzù`, iama oa u`evlrsko, se`a k ok prahuiieù`4 `a ls mës qul lo lstë`hkr y lo lstlrlatepa. ^railhl `a hl u`k `lilsehkh se`a hl u`k iamahehkh4 ±oa u`ejarml `a sl prahuil k mës fkda iasta1 Mel`trks qul oa u`evlrsko lstë «arel`tkha k oa \`a·, sel`ha lstl ôotema su tårme`a ehlko, oa u`ejarml `a ls se`a ok rlplteieù` hl oa u`a, «jarmkha· k emkcl` y slmldk`zk y yk `a e`vl`teva. Lstk ia`juseù` ls mës ploecrask bay l` ok mlhehk l` qul, par ok coafkoezkieù`, vlmas qul oks mesmks iasks sl rlprahuil` y sl heju`hl` par taha lo mu`ha. Iama yk `a vlmas mës qul lstks iasks, iama skturk` lo pkeskdl, lstkmas tl`tkhas k ia`ilhlrols ok olcetemehkh hl oa u`evlrsko, ls hlier, hl u`k `lilsehkh hl pre`iepea, iuk`ha l` rlkoehkh saoa lxprlsk` u`k lxtl`seù` hlo mlrikha y iuyk ustejeikieù` ls lxiousevkml`tl lia`ùmeik. K plskr hl qul, crkieks k oas mlheas tåi`eias y mlheëteias, ok u`ejarmehkh hl oas mahas hl vehk, hl afdltas y mlrik`iíks, plra tkmfeå` hl oas hesiursas y oks ape`ea`ls, tel`hl hl rlpl`tl k iufrer, hl ikfa k rkfa, lo pok`ltk, `a par lsa sa` u`evlrskols. ^ar muiba qul sl l`ia`trkrk` l` tahks pkrtls se` lxilpieù`, ols slcuerík jkotk`ha u` hlflr slr. Ye oa u`evlrsko kouhl k ok oùceik, y se oa u`ejarml plrtl`lil k ok lia`amík, oa

 

iamô`, par su pkrtl, tel`l u`k heml`seù` paoíteik4 oa iamô` ls oa qul sl iamô`, iampkrtl. K pkrter hl lstl ia`ilpta oas crelcas ia`iefelra` ok Ieuhkh.W;] Ieuhkh.W;]   K hejlrl`iek hl oa u`ejarml, oa iamô` `a ls oa semeokr, y lstk heste`ieù` ls kô` mës empartk`tl bay parqul, fkda lo råceml` hl u`ejarmezkieù` empulsta par ok coafkoezkieù`, `as vlmas tl`tkhas k pl`skr oa iamô` iama se lstuvelrk rlhuieha k oa iamô` semeokr7 hl l` oa atrks pkokfrks, k pl`skroa ksemeokieù`. Kbark lsl semeokr, se lstl`hlmas qul ls u` iamô`, par ls ksemeokieù` pafrl. ^ar . lsa bkyfel`, qul pramavlr oa iamô` qul `a ls oa semeokr4 saoa lstl ôotema ls e`tl`seva7 saoa åo ls prahuiteva. Lsl ls lo qul vay k rleve`heikr kquí. ^arqul saoa lsl iamô`, qul `a ls semeokr, ls ljliteva. A, iama hliík Frkqul, «oa iamô` ls vlrhkhlra, oa semeokr ls jkosa·. U oa eoustrkfk ia` has pe`tarls4 «Xraueoolflrt ls semeokr k Iarat, plra `a tel`l` `khk l` iamô`·. Lsl ls lo pu`ta iruieko l` `ulstras híks, par oa iuko, slk iuko slk ok lsikok hl oa iamô` ia`sehlrkhk ‘ok hl ok Ieuhkh, hl ok `kieù` a hl ok bumk`ehkh‘ saoa se pramavlmas u` iamô` qul `a slk u`k rlhuiieù` k oa u`ejarml, oa iamô` hl lsk iamu`ehkh slrë kiteva y hkrë ouckr ljlitevkml`tl ko iampkrter. L` lo okha apulsta hl lsl treë`cuoa tlùreia, oa iamô` `a sl prlsirefl, iama sí sl bkil ia` oa u`evlrsko. ^uls oa iamô`, par u`k pkrtl, lstë hkha4 par ldlmpoa, oa iamô` hl me jkmeoek a hl me «`kieù`· qul rliefa hl `kiemel`ta. ^ar atrk pkrtl, oa iamô` sl hliehl y ls afdlta hl u`k loliieù`4 tko ls lo iksa hl oa iamô` hl u` mavemel`ta paoíteia, hl u`k ksaiekieù` a hl u` pkrteha, hl taha iampramesa iaoliteva. Oa iamô`, l` lo sl`teha hl oa iampkrteha, sl hestrefuyl hl mk`lrk pracrlsevk4 tl`ca iasks l` iamô` ia` mes koolckhas, ia` quel`ls plrtl`lil` ko mesma pkís, ia` quel`ls bkfok` ok mesmk ol`cuk, plra tkmfeå` ia` tahas oas bamfrls, e`iousa ia` taha lo rle`a k`emko y, l` u` ia`tlxta kô` mës kmpoea, ia` taha oa vevel`tl ‘ok liaoacík sl aiupk l` ok kitukoehkh hl lsl iamô` mës vksta‘. Lo bliba hl iampkrter oa iamô` ls, l` pre`iepea, lxtl`seva. ^lra lsl «iamô`·, iama tko, ls ecukoml`tl lquívaia. ^uls lo oímetl qul hlje`l lo e`tlrear hl oa iampkrteha pulhl vaovlrsl su ia`trkrea. Heiba oímetl pulhl ia`vlrtersl l` jra`tlrk qul lxiouyl hl oa iampkrteha k taha oa hlmës. Oa e`iouseva sl rlvlok hl caopl, l` su rlvlrsa, iama lxiouseva. Ilrrë`hasl bkiek hl`tra, lxpuosk ko kjulrk. Xko ls lo iamô` e`taolrk`tl hlo iamu`etkresma iamu`etkresma..

 

 

IK^ÍX\OA YLC\@HA

Oas iemel`tas luraplas hl oa u`evlrsko (±Ls oa u`evlrsko u`k `aieù` ikhuik1)

 

 

Lo ia`ilpta hl u`evlrsko, qul l` su sl`teha julrtl bk oolvkha k ok iuoturk luraplk kOasu u`evlrsko hlskrraooa,`asl saoa l`iul`trk bay l` U lsta, hlshlmesma has plrsplitevks. sl bkook l` hejeiuotkhls. ia`trkheiieù` ia`seca iuk`ha sl lstkfolil, l` lo l`iul`tra ia` atrks iuoturks, qul ls prahuita hl u`k bestarek se`cuokr hlo pl`skmel`ta, se`a qul, khlmës, ok bestarek se`cuokr hl ok qul prailhl l` Lurapk `a tel`l l` sí mesmk, ia`sehlrkhk l` su lxtl`seù`, lo ikrëitlr hl `lilsehkh qul oa u`evlrsko empoeik l` pre`iepea. L` ljlita, l` iuk`ta kfk`ha`kmas ok plrsplitevk prapekml`tl jeoasùjeik y ia`sehlrkmas ok jarmkieù` hl ok `aieù` l` lo sl`a hlo hlskrraooa iuoturko ‘mës cl`lrko‘ hl oa qul slrë Lurapk, `as hkmas iul`tk hl bkstk quå pu`ta lo khvl`emel`ta hl oa u`evlrsko hlrevk hl u`k bestarek bífrehk, par `a hlier ikùteik4 u`k bestarek blibk k pkrter hl ksplitas hevlrsas, k vlils e`iousa apulstas, l` oas qul ls hejíieo plriefer oa qul oas krteiuok. Ietkrå ko ml`as trls4 lo jeoasùjeia (crelca) hlo ia`ilpta7 lo duríheia (ramk`a) hl ok ieuhkhk`ík7 y lo rloeceasa (irestek`a) hl ok skovkieù`. ±[uå ví`iuoa «`lilskrea· oas u`l1 ±U tko u`eù` jarmk u`k «bestarek·1 ^ar oa ml`as bky qul lstkfolilr, k crk`hls rkscas, su krqulaoacík krqulaoacík,, ia` lo je` hl sa`hlkr k pkrter hl quå lstrktas sl ia`stetuyù heiba u`evlrsko y hlieher se plrmk`lil` vecl`tls. ^uls, se `a lmplzkmas par lsiokrlilr lsl pkskha, lstl ôotema slcuerë bkfetk`ha e`hlje`ehkml`tl `ulstra hlfktl paoíteia. Ls mës4 ±bkfrík hlfktl pasefol se` tko lsiokrliemel`ta1 Ksí, lo pu`ta hl pkrtehk ko ml`as lstë iokra4 lo premlr pok`a hl khvl`emel`ta hl oa u`evlrsko, iama ia`ilpta, ls lo pok`a mesma hlo ia`ilpta. Ls hlier, ok pramaieù` hl ok `aieù` hl u`evlrsko l` ia`ilpta sl ia`ju`hl ia` ok pramaieù` mesmk hlo ia`ilpta iama blrrkmel`tk hl ok jeoasajík ‘l` Lurapk `kiemas ia` lstk blrl`iek‘. ^uls oas crelcas queselra` hlier lo «taha· hlo mu`ha. L` u` clsta plrl`tarea, fkstk`tl prliepetkha, kfkrikr ia` lo pl`skmel`ta lsl «taha·4 ±slrë ookmkha lo «kcuk·, lo «kerl·, a oa «eoemetkha·1 Ko `a pa`lrsl hl kiulrha safrl lsl taha, y `e sequelrk safrl lo pre`iepea hl lsl taha, bkfetukra` l`ta`ils su pl`skmel`ta k pl`skr, yk `a l` lsl taha qul sl lsikpkfk, se`a l` lo maha hlo taha,, k pl`skr «slcô` lo taha· (gktb―baoau taha (gktb―baoau,, hl ha`hl vl`hrë «iktùoeia·)4 pl`skr l` maha hl ia`ilpta a, l` atrks pkokfrks, hl oa u`evlrsko. Ok bestarek hl ok jeoasajík sulol ktrefuer lstk mutkieù` k Yùirktls4 yk `a sl trktk hl skflr iuëols sa` oks iasks flooks, `e quå ls flooa, se`a quå ls oa flooa. ±[uå ls oa flooa l` sí,

 

slcô` lsl taha u`etkrea, kfstrkíha hlo hevlrsa, qul ia`stetuyl ok lsl`iek hl oa flooa y qul vlmas hesplrsa l` tk`tks iasks flooks, y tk` vkrekhks, qul tl`lmas k`tl oas adas1 Ls hlier, ±quå ls oa flooa iama u`evlrsko a ia`ilpta hl oa Flooa1 L` ok premlrk pëce`k hl su  Mltkjíseik  Mltkjíseik,, Krestùtlols sucelrl kfk`ha`kr oa e`hevehuko hl ok sl`skieù` pkrk lolvkrsl k lsl u`evlrsko kfstrkita qul ia`stetuyl lo ia`aiemel`ta. Yafrl lslape`eù` u`evlrsko sl ju`hù ok iel`iek l` Lurapk. Lstk ls lxecl`iek4 mel`trks qul ok iamô` vesoumfrk oks iasks fkda lo maha hl su oa ia`te`cl`tl, ls hlier, hl oa qul pulhl slr koca heste`ta k oa qul ls, ok iel`iek plriefl oks iasks fkda lo maha hl oa `lilskrea, par ia`secuel`tl, hl oa u`evlrsko, ls hlier, hl oa qul `a pulhl slr hl atrk mk`lrk. Kbark fel`, ±iuëo bk seha pkrk `asatras (oas luraplas) ok ia`sliul`iek hl lstl prailsa, a quå hlste`a sl plrjeok l` åo1 Ye ok iel`iek, par su lxecl`iek, sl heste`cul hlo råceml` iamô` hl ok ape`eù`, `a ls l`ta`ils l` rkzù` hlo ikrëitlr vlrhkhlra a jkosa hl sus kjermkiea`ls, puls tkmfeå` bky ape`ea`ls vlrhkhlrks7 ls mës fel` k ikusk hlo ikrëitlr hl `lilsehkh qul sl ia`jelrl k oks prapaseiea`ls hl ok iel`iek hlshl qul lstks kiilhl` k ok u`evlrskoehkh. Ye` lmfkrca, lolvë`hasl k lstl u`evlrsko hlo ia`ilpta, ±ok iel`iek `a bkfrë hlsikrtkha koca errlmlhekfolml`tl1 ±@a ls lsl u` ikme`a par lo qul tko vlz lo pl`skmel`ta crelca bk seha lo ô`eia l` kvl`turkrsl1 Khbereå`ha`as k oa u`evlrsko, ±quå jul oa qul kfk`ha`kmas kfk`ha`kmas11 ±Ylrë saoa u`k kpkrl`tl hevlrsehkh (a, heckmas, ok hevlrsehkh hl ok kpkrel`iek)1 ±A slrë mës fel` oa e`hevehuko (a oa se`cuokr) oa qul ia`stetuyl ok lxplrel`iek1 ^uls ls k lstl bamfrl pkrteiuokr k quel` sl ol hlheik lo iuehkha, k tko a k iuko, k «ikhk u`a· iama ls, afslrvkfk yk Krestùtlols, y `a ko bamfrl l` cl`lrko. Hl kbí ok plrpoldehkh hl ok qul ls prlsk ok jeoasajík ia` rlsplita k sí mesmk, jrl`tl k su lmprlsk hl kfstrkiieù` «bkiek· oa u`evlrsko a hl ia`ilptukoezkieù`4 ±`a kfk`ha`ù ok rlkoehkh ljlitevk, lsk qul saoa lxestl l` oa se`cuokr1 ±Blmas oacrkha, sequelrk u` paia, skoer hl lstk e`queltuh1 A, slcô` lo khkcea qul vel`l hl Krestùtlols, se ok iel`iek trktk hl oas u`evlrskols, hl u`evlrskoefus,, ia` oa qul lsl «safrl· («kilrik hl·) empoeik hestk`iek hlshl u`evlrskoefus krrefk, ok «lxestl`iek·, par su pkrtl, lstë blibk hl e`hevehuas, lxestl`tek lst  se`cuokreum44 look `a sl kprlbl`hl se`a l` lsk u`eiehkh hl oa se`cuokr. Lo se`cuokreum rlsuotkha jul u` hevariea y tko vlz u` trkumk pkrk ok iuoturk luraplk, blrlhlrk hl lsk afoeckieù` hl pl`skr slcô` ok u`evlrskoehkh. Hl kbí ol vel`l, par iampl`skieù`, ok vaikieù` hl ok oetlrkturk4 jrl`tl k ok iel`iek y ok jeoasajík, qul rlspa`hl` k lsk lxecl`iek, ok oetlrkturk rliuplrk oa e`hevehuko qul hldù hl okha oa u`evlrsko4 lvaik`ha u`k u`k lmaieù`,  lmaieù`, ia`tk`ha «u`k vehk·, ok oetlrkturk rliuplrk oa kmfecua,, e`blrl`tl k ok vehk y kdl`a k oa kfsaouta kmfecua kfsaouta prapea  prapea hl ok kfstrkiieù`.

 

Kbark fel`, oa u`evlrsko e`kucurkha par Vamk sl hlskrraook l` atra pok`a y ls l`ta`ils hl atrk `kturkolzk. Yu blrl`iek ls heste`tk4 oa u`evlrsko lstë oeckha k ok `lilsehkh qul empoeik ok oly oly   tko iama lstk sl empa`l l` u` emplrea tk` vksta. ^lsl k sus e``umlrkfols ia`questks, Vamk `a sl ia`stetuyù l` `kieù` a l` Lstkha, se`a qul sl ia`iefeù selmprl l` lo mkria trkheiea`ko hl ok Ieuhkh, y l`ta`ils `a bkstk beza mës qul lxtl`hlr ieuhkhk`ík oas oímetls hl su pracrlsevkml`tl prapea mu`ha. suL`ëmfeta atrks pkrteiuokr pkokfrks, hl ok empartk`iek bestùreik hl Vamk ia`sestl l` qul lxtl`heù lo rlpkrta hl su prapek ieuhkhk`ík bkstk vaovlrok iamô` k taha lo Emplrea (oa qul tlrme`ù ia` lo lheita hl Ikrkikook l` lo kûa 6;6), u`el`ha ia` u` mesma okza olcko ok Ieuhkh y lo mu`ha, ok urfs urfs   y lo arfes arfes.. Ok ieuhkh mu`heko hl oas lstaeias lrk u` ia`ilpta lsl`iekoml`tl marko, fkskha l` ok jecurk hlo Ykfea y l` ok juseù` ia` lo iasmas, se` tl`lr `e`cu`k e`iehl`iek paoíteik. L` Vamk, l` ikmfea, ok «ieuhkhk`ík u`evlrsko·, ievetks u`evlrsk, u`evlrsk, iamel`zk k bkilrsl ljlitevk4 par ok vík hlo hlrliba, oa u`evlrsko skol hl ok jeoasajík y hl su rapkdl oùceia pkrk hlje`er u`k u`ehkh hl lstktuta y hl ia`heieù`. Ko mesma telmpa qul sl ls ieuhkhk`a hl ok prapek ieuhkh, sl ls ieuhkhk`a hl Vamk4 ikhk u`a tel`l u`k «plqulûk· plra tkmfeå` u`k «crk`· pktrek ‘u`k pktrek «hl `kturkolzk·, oaiko, clacrëjeik, y atrk hl ieuhkhk`ík, sel`ha oa ramk`a `a koca hkha se`a ia`strueha par u` ví`iuoa uríheia‘. «Vamk· `a sl ia`tl`tk l`ta`ils ia` slr tko a iuko ieuhkh e`hevehuko, se`a qul sl lrecl, par su heml`seù` u`evlrsko, iama «slcu`hk mkhrl hlo mu`ha·, pkrl`s mu`ha·,  pkrl`s mu`he kotlrk. kotlrk. L` lo plrímltra hl su oemls, oemls,W6] W6] Vamk  Vamk ls u` premlr ldlmpoa, mës fel` lxetasa, hl «coafkoezkieù`·. ^lra ±quå ol kpartk ‘a quå jrkiturk‘ lo irestek`esma1 L` ia`trkpaseieù` ko rle`a hl ok olckoehkh, julrk iíveik a rloeceask, ramk`k a uhkeik, oa qul slrë ia`aieha iama irestek`esma e`stkurk u` `ulva u`evlrsko4 `a hl ok oly se`a hl ok jl. @a l` jarmk hl pol`etuh, iama l` lo mkria hl ok ieuhkhk`ík ramk`k, se`a l` jarmk iù`ikvk4 par lo vkiekmel`ta e`tlrear hl taha oa qul `a ls oa u`evlrsko hl ok crkiek y hlo kmar hl Heas. Yaoa lstas pulhl` ool`kr oa qul sl pramulvl iama e`tlrearehkh hlo sudlta, iaomkroa l e`iousa «hlsfarhkroa·. Lo irestek`esma `a prlsl`tk saokml`tl ok `atarek pkrteiuokrehkh hl bkflrsl heju`heha l` u`k ol`cuk heste`tk k ok qul lmpolù Iresta pkrk prlheikr (lo krkmla)4 lo Lvk`cloea lstë lsireta l` crelca, ol`cuk qul Iresta `a bkfokfk y qul, khlmës, `a ls iukoquelr ol`cuk se`a ok hl oa u`evlrsko jeoasùjeia. ^ar lsa ls hlieseva lo pkrkoloa l`trl ok «skfehurík· (hl oas crelcas) y ok «oaiurk· hl ok Iruz (sapbek sapbek//mørek mørek), ), ksí iama lo hlrraikmel`ta hl kqulook par lstk. Ok empartk`iek hl ^kfoa, l` iuk`ta pramatar hl oa u`evlrsko, ls bkflr hlpurkha lo ml`skdl hlo

 

irestek`esma tk`ta hl oa k`lihùteia hl ok vehk hl Iresta iama hl su hlpl`hl`iek hlo mlhea duhía, oacrk`ha ksí ok rlterkhk y ok `lutrkoezkieù` hl tahk heveseù` hl rkzk (hl iuoturk), hl slxa a hl ia`heieù`. Hevesk pkuoe`k hl tko kfstrkiieù`4 «@a bky duhía `e crelca, `e lsiokva `e bamfrl oefrl, `e bamfrl `e mudlr·, tahas sa` iamprl`hehas l` lo mesma lstktuta hl bedas hl Heas, qul ls u`a ia` Dlsuiresta. Bl kbí l`ta`ils ok jl l` Iresta, ko ikmfekr rkheikoml`tl ok ia`heieù` hlo slr bumk`a, krrk`ikqul hl caopl k oas bamfrls hl tahks sus hejlrl`ieks y oas lstkfolil l` u`k ecukohkh hl pre`iepea, sel`ha ookmkhas tahas k ok mesmk ia`vlrseù` e`tlrear l` lo sl`a hl su ete`lrkrea hl sudlta se`cuokr ‘hl ha`hl pulhl iaml`zkr k ia`ilfersl u` u`evlrsko hl oas sudltas‘. sudltas‘. Yl e`stkurk ksí u` u`evlrsko l` sl`teha julrtl, revko hl kqulo hl ok jeoasajík, puls yk `a ls lo u`evlrsko hlo ia`ilpta ia`ilpta se`a  se`a lo hl ok irll`iek irll`iek,, ok iuko sl empa`l safrl taha, treu`jk l` taha, y Heas pksk k slr hlshl l`ta`ils u` Heas pkrk tahas. Kbark fel`, `a saoa lstl u`evlrsko ls cuekha par ok heve`ehkh y su prapùseta pravehl`ieko7 ls tkmfeå` lo u`evlrsko hlo Lvl`ta k`u`iekha4 ok rlsurrliieù` hl Iresta (ok veitarek safrl ok mulrtl) ls lo lvl`ta pura, kfsaouta, oeflrkha hl taha oa k`lihùteia, ku`qul `a par lsa ml`as semfùoeia, y qul kfsarfl l` åo k tahas oas hlmës. Yl lsplrk qul lo ml`skdl irestek`a, tko iama kpkrlil l` lo pok`a hl Heas y l` ok lia`amík hl ok Ykovkieù`, vkock pkrk taha bamfrl y pkrk tahk ok ltlr`ehkh. Jkotkfk l`ta`ils krteiuokr ok trksil`hl`iek hl lstl u`evlrsko ‘qul ls tkmfeå` oa ltlr`a hl ok Zlrhkh‘ ia` oa e`hevehuko hl ok Bestarek y su e`sirepieù` tlmparko. Lsta sl rlkoezk l` ok l`ikr`kieù` hl Iresta4 ia`ilfeha k ok vlz iama tatkoml`tl bamfrl y tatkoml`tl Heas, Iresta u`l l` sí mesma (rlia`ieoek) lsas has apulstas qul sa` oa u`evlrsko y oa se`cuokr. Ok l`ikr`kieù` hl oa u`evlrsko l` oa se`cuokr slrë trk`sjlrehk oulca k ok Ecolsek7 hlspuås slrë okeiezkhk l` lo crk` Bamfrl (Blclo4 @kpaolù` ls lo «lspíretu u`evlrsko k ikfkooa·, oulca ^rusek…)7 mës tkrhl slrë hlpasetkhk l` u`k ioksl, lo praoltkrekha, partkhark hl ok lmk`iepkieù` hl ok bumk`ehkh y, je`koml`tl, l` u`k iuoturk4 ok ieveoezkieù` aiiehl`tko, kjermë`hasl iama partkhark hl «vkoarls u`evlrskols·. Lvehl`tlml`tl, lstk prltl`seù` k oa u`evlrsko, hl pkrtl hl Aiiehl`tl, yk `a ls sastl`efol. Heca «Aiiehl`tl·, y `a «Lurapk·, `a saoa parqul Aiiehl`tl suplrk oas oímetls clacrëjeias hl Lurapk, se`a parqul sl trktk hl u`k `aieù` ehlaoùceik y `a, iama oa ls ok Lurapk, bestùreik ‘«Aiiehl`tl· sl pel`sk, l` ljlita, l` tårme`as hl patl`iek, hl paoa hl vkoarls y hl blclma`ík‘. Kbark fel`, ko plrhlr lstk blclma`ík, Aiiehl`tl plrheù ko mesma telmpa ok irlhefeoehkh ia`ilhehk ko u`evlrskoesma qul prltl`hl l`ikr`kr y qul saoa su patl`iek pahík

 

empa`lr. K hejlrl`iek hl atrks iuoturks, `as vlmas kfaikhas k pok`tlkr`as se tko ksperkieù` k oa u`evlrsko ls look mesmk u`evlrsko, y tkmfeå` ‘ko vlr bkstk quå pu`ta ok lxecl`iek hl u`evlrskoehkh hlrevk hl pok`as hevlrsas (ko ml`as trls4 ok kfstrkiieù` hlo ia`ilpta, ok ieuhkhk`ík, ok skovkieù`)‘ se ok ksperkieù` k oa u`evlrsko `a ls rleve`heikhk iama iampl`skieù`, ls hlier, pkrk `lutrkoezkr su prapek jrkiturk.‘ok ^krk «mk`tl`lr iasks tk` bltlracå`lks e`iousa ia`trkheitareks iel`iek, ok oly, du`tks· ok jl‘jul `lilskrea l`krfaokr oa lu`evlrsko iama pelhrk k`cuokr, bkiel`ha hl su olcetemehkh oùceik u`k lxecl`iek u`evlrsko hlshl taha pu`ta hl vestk. \`k iuoturk mës e`tlcrkhk, mës bamacå`lk qul ok luraplk, ±`lilsetkrík lsl l`skmfokdl hl oa u`evlrsko1 Bkfrë qul bkilrsl ok prlcu`tk l` rltrasplitevk, iampramltlrsl l` tko e`traspliieù`, se qulrlmas ia`ilfer slrekml`tl u` jutura pkrk Lurapk y, k`tl taha, se qulrlmas l`tl`hlr oa qul ia`stetuyl k «Lurapk·. ^lra ±hl kbí sl hlhuil qul ok lxecl`iek lxecl`iek   hl oa u`evlrsko, tko iama jul pramavehk l` Lurapk, bk ikhuikha1 ±U qul, prlsl`tl l` ok Bestarek iama vkoar «aiiehl`tko·, l empa`eå`hasl k atrks iuoturks l` u`k rlokieù` hl julrzk, oa u`evlrsko yk `a ls pramaveha `e pulhl slr e`vaikha1 ±A slrë `lilskrea lmprl`hlr u`k sloliieù` l` lo olckha bestùreia hl oa u`evlrsko y rlhlje`er oa qul pahrík slcuer hë`haol vkoehlz1 L` taha iksa, lstë iokra qul u`k jarmk hl oa u`evlrsko bk qulhkha e`vkoehkhk4 ok hl ok tatkoezkieù` a ok hl ok iampoltuh. Iuk`ha sl irll bkflr koik`zkha oa u`evlrsko, `a sl skfl quå ol jkotk k lsk u`evlrskoehkh. Iuk`ha l` lo rltkfoa hl Ck`tl, oas blrmk`as Zk` Lyig pe`tk` u`k muotetuh hl plrsa`ks prailhl`tls hl tahks pkrtls hlo mu`ha qul ia`vlrcl l` lo kotkr hlo Iarhlra místeia ‘mel`trks qul rle`k par l`iemk u` Heas, qul pkrlil ^khrl y ko mesma telmpa Beda, l` slcu`ha pok`a, safrl u`ks murkooks qul pulhl` slr oks hl Dlruskoå` a oks hl Ck`tl‘ lstë` pe`tk`ha u` u`evlrsko ikhuia. @a saoa l` vertuh hlo ml`skdl kpaikoípteia lxprlskha, se`a tkmfeå` parqul lsl u`evlrsko pk`arëmeia ec`ark oa qul ol jkotk k su tatkoehkh. ^arqul sl ia`sehlrk hkha, hlje`etevkml`tl khvl`eha, y `a sl prlaiupk par oa qul pulhl jkotkrol4 parqul rlpask l` su pasetevehkh y `a sl prapa`l pracrlskr. @a ls cl`lrkhar se`a koca sktesjliba. Ksí jul iama hurk`tl mës hl u` secoa puhemas bkfokr hl sujrkcea «u`evlrsko· se` pl`skr qul oks mudlrls lstkfk` lxiouehks. Oa u`evlrsko u`evlrsko,, l` atrks pkokfrks, hlfl slr ia`ilfeha par apaseieù` ko u`evlrskoesma,, lstl ôotema ikrkitlrezkha par empa`lr su blclma`ík y par irllrsl u`evlrskoesma pasllhar hl ok u`evlrskoehkh. Lo u`evlrsko par lo qul bky qul meoetkr ls, l` ikmfea, u` u`evlrsko rlflohl, dkmës iaomkha7 par hlieroa ksí, u` u`evlrsko `lckteva qul hlsbkck lo ia`jart hl tahk pasetevehkh hltl`ehk4 `a tatkoezkhar (qul

 

skturl), se`a qul, ko ia`trkrea, rlkfrk e`tlrsteieas l` ikhk tatkoehkh kikfkhk. Yl trktk hl u` u`evlrsko rlcuokhar rlcuokhar (l`  (l` lo sl`teha gk`tek`a) qul, par `a lstkr `u`ik sktesjliba, `a hldk hl koldkr lo bareza`tl y pravll fôsqulhks e`hlje`ehkml`tl. Kbark fel`, lstl u`evlrsko ls prlieasa l` lo pok`a `a saoa tlùreia se`a tkmfeå` paoíteia4 ls lsl safrl taha lo qul tl`hrë qul slr rleve`heikha pkrk lo hlspoelcul hl iamô`. . ^uls ls lsloaiuehkha hl oa pramulvltk`oapra`ta. qul tel`l ehlkoakiamô` ehlko e`koik`zkha, qul ookmk k oau`evlrsko, iamô` kqul `a oemetkrsl Ls hl tko iuehkha lo qul hlfl slr e`vaikha pkrk qul ok rlpkrteieù` rlpkrteieù`   hl oa iamô` plrmk`lzik kfelrtk7 pkrk qul `a sl ia`velrtk l` jra`tlrk y `a sl vulovk su ia`trkrea4 ok lxiouseù`, hl ha`hl vel`l lo iamu`etkresma. @a afstk`tl, prlvekml`tl sl hlfl pok`tlkr u`k prlcu`tk qul vulovl k e`tlrrackr oa u`evlrsko kooí ha`hl sl irlík mës kjermkha4 l` su ksplita oùceia. Ok jeoasajík `a bk huhkha l` rlspa`hlr lstk prlcu`tk kjermktevkml`tl, se` lmfkrca, lo l`iul`tra ia` atrks iuoturks `as oolvk bay k jarmuokrok hl `ulva4 ±lxestl` `aiea`ls l` lsl`iek u`evlrskols1 L` atrks pkokfrks, ±lxestl` ia`ilptas cl`lrkharls tahaoa l`tl`hemel`ta iukols sl pahrík` l` pre`iepea,hl taha hevlrsa hl oks bumk`a, iuoturks fkda y hlooas pl`skmel`ta1 Yl irllarhl`kr, qul sí (ya oa bl irlíha) mel`trks sl lstå l` lo ëmfeta hl ok ol`cuk luraplk (ksí oa «hlmulstrk·, iama u`k tkfok `a saoa hl ok ol`cuk se`a k`tl taha hlo pl`skmel`ta, ok tkfok gk`tek`k hl oks «iktlcaríks·). ^lra, ko jrliul`tkr u`k iuoturk lxtlr`k k ok trkheieù` y k ok ol`cuk luraplk, iama ok iuoturk ibe`k, yk `a lstay tk` slcura. Lo ia`ilpta hl «sustk`iek·, par ldlmpoa, sl prlsl`tk iama u`evlrsko, plra ±ls `lilskrea ‘l e`iousa pasefol‘ l` u`k ol`cuk qul, iama ok ibe`k, `a heil lo «slr· (a lo `a slr4 ta fl ar `at ta fl), fl), se`a ô`eikml`tl lo prlheikha1 \`k ol`cuk, l`ta`ils, qul `a sl prlaiupk par hlsec`kr lo «slr· e`blrl`tl hl oks iasks ‘pl`slmas qul «iask·, l` ibe`a, sl heil ha`c-xe ha`c-xe,, «lstlalstl·, `a iama lsl`iek, se`a iama pulstk l` rlokieù`‘. Yl herë qul lstks sa` saoa mk`lrks hl bkfokr, plra lstks mk`lrks sa` tkmfeå` tkmfeå` (k`tl  (k`tl taha) mk`lrks hl pl`skr. ±A slrë mës fel` qul ok heste`ieù` l`trl u`ehkh y pourkoehkh ls tkmfeå` arece`ko, oulca u`evlrsko, l` u`k ol`cuk qul, iama ok ibe`k, prllme`l`tlml`tl `a hespa`l hl rliursas marjaoùceias, y l`ta`ils `a lstë afoeckhk k lolcer `lilskrekml`tl (l` tårme`as crkmkteikols) l`trl lo pourko y lo se`cuokr1 Mës kô`4 ±ok heste`ieù` l`trl «lxestl`iek· y «`a-lxestl`iek· ls l` sí mesmk u`evlrsko y hatkhk hl `lilsehkh oùceik se sl kprl`hl k pl`skr, iama `as oa e`heik lo pl`skmel`ta ibe`a, lo lstkhea lme`l`tlml`tl «suteo· hl ok trk`seieù` trk`seieù` (qul  (qul `a bk pl`skha l` kfsaouta Lurapk)1 ±Ye sl kprl`hl k pe`tkr l`trl «bky - `a bky·, ko pe`tkr lo ktkrhlilr a ok frumk, iama oa bkil lo oltrkha ibe`a1

 

Lsta sec`ejeik l`ta`ils qul oa u`evlrsko `a sl aftel`l hl l`trkhk ‘a, l` taha iksa, qul `a ls slcura qul sl aftl`ck hl l`trkhk y qul `a ls koca hkha hkha44 `a ls lsk fok`hk komabkhk safrl ok qul pulhl hlsik`skr `ulstrk ikflzk‘. @khk kjermk qul ok hevlrsehkh hl ol`cuks y hl iuoturks pulhk oolckr k arck`ezkrsl fkda oks iktlcaríks «u`evlrskols· qul lo skflr lurapla, l` lo iursa hl su bestarek, bk lokfarkha. L` ikmfea, se julrk iama praylitkha `asatras, afoeck iama bareza`tl selmprl e`koik`zkha, ehlko iama `u`ik bareza`tl sktesjliba,k`tl oa u`evlrsko k fusikr. L` iuk`ta slk prlsl`tkha iama lxecl`iek, oa u`evlrsko oolvkrë k oks iuoturks k `a rlpolckrsl safrl sus «hejlrl`ieks·, k `a iampokilrsl l` oa qul slrík su «lsl`iek·, se`a k mk`tl`lrsl ‘ l` l` tl`seù` ‘ l` herliieù` he rliieù` bkiek oks atrks iuoturks, oks atrks ol`cuks y oks atrks mk`lrks hl pl`skr7 y k `a ilskr, par ia`secuel`tl, hl rllokfarkrsl l` ju`ieù` hl lsk lxecl`iek, ls hlier, hl ikmfekr4 l` atrks pkokfrks, hl mk`tl`lrsl vevks.

 

 

IK^ÍX\OA XLVILVA

Hejlrl`iek a åikrt 4 ehl`tehkh a jliu`hehkh

 

 

Ok prlcu`tk sl pok`tlk ksí4 pkrtel`ha hl oa u`evlrsko kfelrta bkiek oa iamô`, iamô`, selmprl iuk`ha lstl ôotema `a sl rlpoelcul l` iamu`etkresma, quå tårme`as yhlflríkmas pl`skr su ia`trkrea4 ok se`cuokrehkh se`cuokrehkh hl  hl oks iuoturks, ±l` k ok vlz hl ol`cuks y hl jarmks hl pl`skr1 ±Iùma krteiuokroks1 ±Iùma kfarhkr ok hevlrsehkh iuoturko se` hldkr qul sl hejume`l` l` ok lstk`hkrezkieù` hl oa u`ejarml   y skovk`ha oa iamô` u`ejarml iamô`   hl slr ia`ju`heha ia` oa semeokr semeokr11 Kouhemas bkfetukoml`tl k oas tårme`as hl «hejlrl`iek· l «ehl`tehkh·, pkrldk blrlhkhk hl ok jeoasajík y l` ok iuko pulhl vlrejeikrsl, hlshl oas crelcas, bkstk quå pu`ta oas tårme`as qul ok ia`jarmk` sa` aplrktevas l` lo arhl` hlo ia`aiemel`ta. ^lra ±ls ia`vl`el`tl l` lstl hlfktl1 ±Bkfrë qul hkr iul`tk hl oa hevlrsa hl oks iuoturks l` tårme`as hejlrl`iekols y slcô` trkzas lspliíjeias, ksumehas iama ikrkitlrísteias, ha`hl prailhlr okhlehl`tehkh hlyikhk heste`tk1 Xlma, iama ykhl hedl, qul pkrlil `as lquevaikmas ia`ilptas qul, iuoturk par `a slr lstas oas khliukhas, lo hlfktl `a pulhl rlsaovlrsl. Khlmës, irla qul u` hlfktl safrl ok «ehl`tehkh· iuoturko lstë veiekha l` su pre`iepea. ^ar lsa prapa`ca u` hlspokzkmel`ta ia`ilptuko4 l` ouckr hl ok hejlrl`iek ml`iea`khk, pok`tla kfarhkr oa hevlrsa hl oks iuoturks l` tårme`as hl åikrt 7 l` ouckr hl ehl`tehkh, l` tårme`as hl rliursa rliursa   a hl jliu`hehkh jliu`hehkh.. @a sl trktk kquí hl rlje`kmel`ta slmë`teia, se`a hl e`trahuier u`k hevlrcl`iek ‘a, hecëmasoa hl u`k vlz, u` åikrt  ‘ qul plrmetk rlia`jecurkr lo hlfktl4 skikroa hlo ktksia y rlpok`tlkroa hl u` maha mës e`lquívaia. ±[uå heste`ieù` lstkfolilr l`trl lo åikrt   y ok hejlrl`iek, se quelra iaml`zkr par ehl`tejeikroks l`trl sí (hlshl lo pu`ta hl vestk hlo ia`aiemel`ta)1 Kmfks mkrik` u`k slpkrkieù`7 plra ok hejlrl`iek hejlrl`iek   oa bkil hlshl ok plrsplitevk hl ok heste`ieù`, y lo åikrt   hlshl lo pu`ta hl vestk hl ok hestk`iek. Hl kbí qul ok hejlrl`iek slk ioksejeikhark, pulsta qul lo k`ëoeses sl rlkoezk par semeoetuh y hejlrl`iek7 ko mesma telmpa, ls ehl`tejeikhark4 prailhel`ha «hl hejlrl`iek l` hejlrl`iek·, iama heil Krestùtlols, oolckmas bkstk ok ôotemk hejlrl`iek qul l`trlck ok lsl`iek hl ok iask, ok qul l`u`iek su hlje`eieù`. Jrl`tl k lsta, lo åikrt  sl rlvlok iama jecurk, `a hl ehl`tejeikieù`, se`a hl lxpoarkieù`, bkiel`ha lmlrclr atras pasefols. ^ar ia`secuel`tl, `a tel`l u`k ju`ieù` hl ioksejeikieù`, `a lstkfolil tepaoacíks, iama oa bkil ok hejlrl`iek, se`a qul ia`sestl prlieskml`tl l` hlsfarhkroks4 lo åikrt   prahuil, `a u` arhl`kmel`ta, se`a u`k

 

hlsarck`ezkieù`. Hliemas ia` jrliul`iek4 jkerl u` åikrt   ( dusqu―aõ hlsarck`ezkieù`.  dusqu―aõ vk o―åikrt1 o―åikrt1), ), W9]  W9]  ls hlier, skoer hl ok `armk y hl oa arhe`krea ‘oa qul ia`stetuyl, l` ljlita, åikrts hl åikrts  hl ol`cukdl y hl ia`huitk‘. Lo åikrt  sl   sl apa`l tkmfeå` k oa lsplrkha, k oa prlvesefol, k oa ia`vl`eha. Mel`trks qul ok hejlrl`iek ktkûl k ok hlsirepieù`, y pkrk looa prailhl par hltlrme`kieù` hltlrme`kieù` (ok  (ok heste`ieù` y lo «k`ëoeses· hl oks lsl`ieks, iama oa prlia`ezkfk` oasslcrelcas), åikrt    empoeik  empoeik u`k . Zesoumfrk  ‘sa`hlk‘ bkstk hù`hl pulhl` lokfrer atrks víks.u`k praspliieù` Ls  praspliieù`. u`k jecurk prùxemk k ok kvl`turk. ^rlieslmas u`k vlz mës ok hejlrl`iek l` iulsteù` ‘«hejlrl`iek·, puls kquí lstay l` u`k plrsplitevk k`koíteik hl ia`aiemel`ta‘. Ls `lilskrea bkilroa, ustkml`tl, pkrk bkilr hl lsk hejlrl`iek u` åikrt  aplrkteva   aplrkteva qul ml kpkrtl hl oa qul lo hlfktl safrl ok hejlrl`iek iuoturko tel`l hl empl`skha, hl oa qul oa bk bliba lstk`ikrsl, y ia` lo je` hl l`ia`trkr u`k mk`lrk `ulvk hl kfarhkroa. L` ok mlhehk l` qul prailhl par heste`ieù`, ok hejlrl`iek slpkrk u` lspkiea hl oas atras y lstkfolil par iampkrkieù` oa qul ju`hk su lspliejeiehkh. Ko mesma telmpa, supa`l u` cå`lra Kbark prùxema l` lo±lsta sl`aslrík hlo iuko sl mkrik ok hejlrl`iek hltlrme`k u`k ehl`tehkh. fel`, plrte`l`tl pkrk kilrikrsl yk sl oa hevlrsa hl oks iuoturks1 ^uls, bkieå`haoa, u`k vlz qul bk heste`cueha u` tårme`a hlo atra, ok hejlrl`iek hldk k lsl atra hl okha. ^ar ldlmpoa, se, iama oa bkil plhkcùceikml`tl (erù`eikml`tl) ^oktù`, quelra hlje`er k u` plsikhar, iaml`zkrík par heste`cuer l`trl kitevehkh hl prahuiieù` y hl khqueseieù` y, ia`slrvk`ha ok hl khqueseieù`, hldkrík hl okha ok hl prahuiieù`7 oulca heste`cuerík, l` ok khqueseieù`, l`trl lo e`tlrikmfea y ok ikpturk y, hlsikrtk`ha lo e`tlrikmfea, ia`slrvkrík ok ikpturk7 hlspuås heste`cuerík, hl`tra hl oa qul slrík afdlta hl u`k ikpturk, oa k`emkha y oa e`k`emkha y, hlsikrtk`ha oa e`k`emkha, ia`slrvkrík oa k`emkha, ltiåtlrk. Ksí, prailhel`ha hl hejlrl`iek l` hejlrl`iek, oolckrík k ok hlje`eieù` (hlo «plsikhar·), ia`slrvk`ha ikhk vlz saoa u`a hl oas tårme`as hl ok iampkrkieù` lstkfoliehk y hlslibk`ha ok atrk. L` ok hejlrl`iek, u`k vlz blibk ok heste`ieù`, ikhk tårme`a aovehk ko atra, ikhk u`a vulovl safrl sí mesma. L` lo åikrt , par lo ia`trkrea, oas has tårme`as slpkrkhas plrmk`lil` l` iampkrkieù` ‘y par lsa lo åikrt   ls u` afdlta prlieasa hl pl`skmel`ta‘. Iuk`ha ok hestk`iek kpkrlil l`trl looas mk`tel`l l` tl`seù` oa qul sl l`iul`trk slpkrkha. ^lra ±quå sec`ejeik «mk`tl`lr l` tl`seù`·1 Ye, l` ok hejlrl`iek, u`k vlz qul ok pulstk l` rlokieù` rlkoezkhk par ok iampkrkieù` sl iampoltk, ikhk u`a hl oas tårme`as vulovl poëiehkml`tl k su ouckr, ilrrë`hasl safrl su lspliejeiehkh, l` lo åikrt , l` ikmfea, ok hestk`iek bkil qul kmfas plrmk`lzik`

 

l` ia`jra`tkieù` u`a ia` lo atra. Ikhk tårme`a qulhk kfelrta ko atra, l` tl`seù` ia` lo atra, y `a hldk hl kprlbl`hlr hl lsl ikrk k ikrk. Xko ikrk k ikrk `a ls kfaoeha. Ok iampkrkieù` plrmk`lil l` pel, vevk, e`tl`sk. L` atrks pkokfrks, se l` ok hejlrl`iek ikhk u`a hl oas tårme`as iampkrkhas, trks hldkr hesilr`er su lsl`iek par apaseieù` sl rlpoelck safrl su prapek lsl`iek, kprlbl`hehk l` su purlzk, lol`u`a lo åikrt  l` ikmfea, oas has kiteva, tårme`as slpkrkhaslo plrmk`lil` l` tl`seù` par lo, atra, «par· selmprl meheå`hasl u`a ko atra se` ilskr, «iaockhas· lo u`a hlo atra4 hlsiufreå`hasl selmprl l` lo atra, lxpoarë`hasl y pl`së`hasl k trkvås hl åo. Ikhk u`a ls hlpl`hel`tl hlo atra pkrk ia`ailrsl y `a pulhl rlpolckrsl safrl oa qul slrík su ehl`tehkh. Lo åikrt , par ok hestk`iek kfelrtk l`trl lo u`a y lo atra, bk bliba kpkrlilr lo «l`trl·7 l` ia`sliul`iek, lsl «l`trl· ls kiteva. L` ok hejlrl`iek, pulsta qul ikhk u`a vulovl safrl sí, slpkrë`hasl hlo atra pkrk ehl`tejeikr mldar su ehl`tehkh, `a bky «l`trl· qul sl kfrk l`trl looas y `khk mës pksk l`trl oas has. L` lo åikrt , l` ikmfea, crkieks ko l`trl l`trl kfelrta  kfelrta par ok hestk`iek qul bk kpkrlieha, ikhk u`a, l` ouckr hl rlpolckrsl safrl ia` sí mesma, fkskrsl l` sí plrmk`lil bkiek lo atra, l` tl`seù` åo ‘l`hllsl sl`teha, lo mesma, åikrt  tel`l   tel`l vaikieù`l`ikrkha åteik y paoíteik‘. L` lsl l`trl l`trl kfelrta  kfelrta l`trl oas has sl hlspoelck u`k e`tl`sehkh qul oas hlsfarhk y oas bkil trkfkdkr4 sl plriefl l`ta`ils oa qul lsk kplrturk pulhl kpartkrol k ok rlokieù` l`trl iuoturks. Ls ielrta qul `a skflmas pl`skr lo «l`trl·. ^uls lo «l`trl· `a ls lo «slr·.W8] «slr·.W8] ^ar lsa bk lsikpkha hurk`tl tk`ta telmpa k `ulstra pl`skmel`ta. Iama oas crelcas pl`skra` lo Ylr l` tårme`as hlo «slr·, ls hlier, l` tårme`as hl hltlrme`kieù` y hl prapelhkh, y l` ia`sliul`iek lxplreml`tkfk` barrar jrl`tl k oa e`-hltlrme`kha, `a puhelra` pl`skr lo «l`trl· qul `a ls `e oa u`a `e oa atra, se`a ha`hl ikhk u`a ls hlsfarhkha par lo atra, hlspaslíha hl su l` sí y hl su prapelhkh. (^ar lsa, ko `a skflr pl`skr lo «l`trl·, mltkxu mltkxu,, pl`skra` lo «mës kooë·, mltk mltk,, hl ok «mltkjíseik·). ^uls lo l`trl l`trl,, qul `a ls `e oa u`a `e oa atra, l` sí `a tel`l lsl`iek `e `khk hl prapea. L` rlkoehkh, lo l`trl l`trl `a  `a «ls·. ^lra tkmpaia ls «`lutra·, a, l` atrks pkokfrks, e`aplrk`tl. Ls l` lo «l`trl·, lsl l`trl l`trl kfelrta  kfelrta par lo åikrt   qul `a sl hldk ilrrkr, ha`hl ljlitevkml`tl «koca· pksk (aiurrl) y oeflrk ok plrtl`l`iek y ok prapelhkh ia`struehks k trkvås hl ok hejlrl`iek, koca qul hlsbkil l`ta`ils ok ehl`tehkh. ^ar lsa bkfrë qul skoer hlo pl`skmel`ta hlo Ylr (hl ok a`taoacík) pkrk iaml`zkr k pl`skroa. Oas pe`tarls oa beielra` k`tls qul oas jeoùsajas. Frkqul, u`k vlz mës4 «Oa qul lstë l`trl ok mk`zk`k y lo pokta tkmfeå` sl pe`tk·. Ok hejlrl`iek hejlrl`iek,, par su pkrtl, hlpl`hl hafolml`tl hl ok ehl`tehkh, k kmfas

 

okhas. ^ar u` okha, l` su pu`ta hl pkrtehk, supa`l u` cå`lra iamô`, hl ehl`tehkh iampkrtehk, hl`tra hlo iuko mkrik u`k lspliejeikieù`7 par atra, l` su pu`ta hl oolckhk, l` su afdlteva y su hlste`a, ok hejlrl`iek ia`huil k hltlrme`kr u`k ehl`tehkh, jedk`ha ok lsl`iek y su hlje`eieù`. ^ar lsa ok hejlrl`iek ls, iama yk hedl, ehl`tejeikhark. E`iousa l` oe`cÿísteik, ha`hl ok hejlrl`iek sl pok`tlk iama hkta premlra sl hlsoeck hl ok tko hejlrl`iek `a hlrack lsk ju`ieù` hejlrl`ieko hlyehl`tejeikieù`4 hl semeoetuh, look prailhl` prapelhkhls lstkfoliehks iama ikrkitlrísteiks y, l` ia`sliul`iek, ok pasefeoehkh mesmk hlo ia`aiemel`ta. Lo åikrt , l` ikmfea, `as skik hl ok plrsplitevk ehl`tetkrek, puls bkil kpkrlilr `a u`k ehl`tehkh, se`a oa qul ya ookmkrík u`k «jliu`hehkh·, a, heiba hl atrk mk`lrk, u` rliursa rliursa.. Lo åikrt , ko kfrersl, plrmetl qul lmlrdk` atras pasefols. Vlvlok atras rliursas qul `a sl bkfík` vesoumfrkha, qul `e sequelrk sl bkfík` sasplibkha. Ko skoer hl oa lsplrkha, hl oa ia`vl`eha («kfrer u` åikrt ·), ·), hlsprl`heå`hasl hl oa yk ia`aieha, lo åikrt , plrturfkhar iama ls, bkil surcer «koca· qul lsikpk ko pl`skmel`ta. ^ar lsa ls jliu`ha4 `a hk ouckr, par ioksejeikieù`, ko ia`aiemel`ta, se`a kfrl qul,‘  par ok  kiteva, pulstk l` tl`seù` qul rlkoezk, susietk ok rljolxeù`. L` lo l`trl l`trl qul  qul l`trl l`trl kiteva, e`vl`teva‘ lo åikrt    hk lolml`tas hl trkfkda parqul oas has tårme`as qul sl hlsprl`hl` hl åo, y qul sl mk`tel`l` l` iampkrkieù`, `a hldk` hl e`tlrrackrsl l` lo hlsckrra qul prahuil. Ikhk u`a plrmk`lil ia`ilr`eha par lo atra se` l`ilrrkrsl k`tl åo. ^lra ±`a ls hl lsta qul ok rlokieù` l`trl iuoturks pulhl skikr pkrteha, mës qul hl rlpolckrsl l` sus «hejlrl`ieks·1

 

 

IK^ÍX\OA I\KVXA

Ok ehl`tehkh iuoturko `a lxestl

 

 

^lrieferlmas, l` ljlita, k pkrter hl ok heste`ieù` hl oas ia`ilptas hl åikrt   y hl hejlrl`iek, par quå `ahlpulhl bkflr ehl`tehkh iuoturko.oa U, k`tl hl taha, quå khaptkr ok plrsplitevk ok hejlrl`iek pkrk ia`sehlrkr hevlrsa oks par iuoturks ia`huil jktkoml`tl k u` empës. Empës par kmfas okhas, pulsta qul l` ok hejlrl`iek l`ia`trkmas, selmprl, ok ehl`tehkh. L` ljlita, l` lo arecl` hl oa qul slrë ia`sehlrkha iama hejlrl`ieks iuoturkols, `as vlrlmas oùceikml`tl emploehas k supa`lr u`k ehl`tehkh premlrk ‘iama cå`lra iamô`, u`etkrea, arece`krea‘ k pkrter hlo iuko sl hlspolckrík lsa qul ookmkmas oa hevlrsa hl oks iuoturks. Kbark fel`, ±iuëo ls lo cå`lra iamô` («prùxema·) k pkrter hlo iuko oks iuoturks kpkrlilrík` iama hejlrl`ieks lspliíjeiks1 ±Oa ookmkrlmas lo «Bamfrl· a ok «`kturkolzk bumk`k·1 Lstkríkmas l` slreks hejeiuotkhls pkrk ia`jlrer k lstks rlprlsl`tkiea`ls u` ia`tl`eha irlífol, lsl`ta`ils hlier, qul `a slkl`prahuita ia`struiieù` ehlaoùceik. ±[uå pahríkmas praylitkr lo arecl`hlhlu`k oks hejlrl`ieks iuoturkols, hl ha`hl lstks pahrík` prailhlr iama iuk`ha sl kfrl u` kfk`eia1 Oa ookmkrlmas lo «ja`ha iamô`·, iask qul tkmfeå` sl bk bliba, oa qul `a ls mës qul u`k mk`lrk e`cl`uk hl `amfrkr lsk crk` R qul `a pahlmas ameter hlshl qul, u`k vlz l`trkhas l` ok oùceik hl ok hejlrl`iek, bky qul skirejeikrok k jkvar hl ok metaoacík hl oa \`a arece`ko y hlo ma`esma. ^uls sl l`tl`hlrë se` hejeiuotkhls qul oa prapea hl oa iuoturko, slk iuko slk ok lsikok ia`sehlrkhk, ls slr ko mesma  mesma  telmpa telmpa pourko  pourko y se`cuokr. A, k ok e`vlrsk, qul ls prliesa hlsbkilrsl hl ok rlprlsl`tkieù` iùmahk, plra e``lckfolml`tl metaoùceik tkmfeå`, slcô` ok iuko bkfrík k`tl taha u`k u`ehkh-ehl`tehkh iuoturko qul oolckrík oulca oulca,, par u`k mkoheieù` (Fkflo), a ko ml`as par iampoeikieù` (l` vertuh hl su praoejlrkieù`), k hevlrsejeikrsl. Ok hevlrsehkh hl ol`cuks, qul `a ls l` kfsaouta u` jl`ùml`a pastlrear, sl pa`l k prulfk. Ua herík mës fel` qul oa prapea hl oa iuoturko ls qul sl hlspoelck l` lstk tl`seù` ‘a lstl åikrt  ‘ hl oa pourko y oa u`etkrea4 qul lstë kprlskha l` u` hafol mavemel`ta ia`trkrea hl bltlra y bamacl`lezkieù`, afoeckha k ok vlz k ju`hersl y k hlsmkrikrsl, k hlsehl`tejeikrsl y k rl-ehl`tejeikrsl, k ia`jarmkrsl y k rlsester7 l` sumk, `a bky iuoturk hame`k`tl se` qul sl jarml tkmfeå` ‘hl e`mlhekta‘ u`k iuoturk hesehl`tl (u`hlrcrau`h (u`hlrcrau`h,, ajj , lti.). L` ljlita, ±hl hù`hl rlsuotk oa «iuoturko· se `a ls hl lsk tl`seù` hl oa hevlrsa prahuieha par u` hestk`iekmel`ta qul oa bkil trkfkdkr y, par ia`secuel`tl, ikmfekr ia`te`ukml`tl1

 

^ar atrk pkrtl, trktkr oa hevlrsa hl oks iuoturks l` tårme`as hl hejlrl`iek ia`huierë k qulrlr kesokroks y k jedkroks l` su ehl`tehkh. Ye` lmfkrca, lsta ls empasefol, tahk vlz qul oa prapea hl oa iuoturko ls ikmfekr y trk`sjarmkrsl ‘  lstk rkzù` ls hltlrme`k`tl, puls lstë oeckhk k ok lsl`iek mesmk hl ok iuoturk‘. \`k iuoturk qul hldk hl trk`sjarmkrsl ls u`k iuoturk mulrtk (iama sl bkfok hl u`k ol`cuk mulrtk4 u`k ol`cuk qul, parqul `a sl bkfok, Ok trk`sjarmkieù` trk`sjarmkieù`  ls u` pre`iepea hl oa ykiuoturko, y parhldk lsahl`alvaouiea`kr). sl pulhl` lstkfolilr ikrkitlrísteiks iuoturkols a bkfokr hl ok ehl`tehkh iuoturko hl u`k iuoturk. ^uls ±iùma sl ikrkitlrezkrík ok iuoturk jrk`ilsk, iùma sl jedkrík su ehl`tehkh1 ±Ylrë l` ok jecurk hl Ok Ja`tke`l a l` ok hl Vemfkuh1 ±L` ok jecurk hl Vl`å Hlsikrtls a l` ok hl K`hrå Frlta`1 Ok iuoturk jrk`ilsk `a ls mës oa u`a qul oa atra, ls mës fel` lo åikrt   l`trl looas4 l` l`   ok tl`seù` hl kmfas a, heckmas, l` lo l`trl l`trl qul  qul sl kfrl l`trl looas. Ls lsl l`trl l`trl kfelrta  kfelrta l`trl looas ‘  hlsmlsurkha, vlrtece`asa, plra ia`jecurkha hl jkita ‘ oa qul ia`stetuyl ok requlzk hl ok iuoturk jrk`ilsk, oa qul ookmkmas sus rliursas rliursas.. lsta parqul, ko mesma telmpa, sl eoume`k` l`trl sí kpar åikrt  qulU lxestl l`trl looks y parqul ikhklsks u`kjecurks sl l`tel`hl mldar crkieks ok lo atrk, sl hlsiejrk` mutukml`tl. E`iousa, rlma`tk`ha hl ok u`k k ok atrk, Ok Ja`tke`l k pkrter hl Vemfkuh, Hlsikrtls k pkrter hl Frlta`. Lo åikrt   kfelrta par Vemfkuh  k Ok Ja`tke`l, oa skik hl ok fk`koehkh, hl bkil, l` ljlita, rlsurcer (safrlskoer)W