La Historia de Los Lenguajes de Programación

 

JK BNQTIXNK DC JIQ JCOESKLCQ DC ]XIEXKFKANÑO ]XIEXKFKANÑO

NOTXIDSAANÑO C BNQTIXNK Jk gnokjndkd dc uo jcoeuklc dc prierkfkanño cs "dcanrjc" kj irdcokdir quî cs ji quc tncoc quc bkacr pksi k pksi. Cstk dcgnonanño dk quc pcoskr< oi pkrcaco fuy jnstis jis irdcokdircs.

JIQ IXDCOKDIXCQ QIO TIOTIQ.  Ocacsntko dc kjeunco quc jcs nodnquc ji quc tncoco quc bkacr. ^ csc "kjeunco" cs cj  prierkfkdir. ]cri uok vcz quc skhco quî bkacr y añfi, añfi, ji pucdco rcpctnr sncfprc quc dcscco, sno crrir pisnhjc y k vcjiandkdcs fuy supcrnircs k jks quc pidræk bkacrji uok  pcrsiok. Dcse Dc serk rkank ankdk dkfc fcot otc, c, cj ir irdc dcok okdi dirr y jks jks pcrsi pcrsiok okss bk bkhj hjko ko nd ndni nifk fkss dn dngc gcrco rcotc tcs< s< cj irdcokdir cotncodc uoks dctcrfnokdks scaucoanks dc acris y uois, jjkfkdi jcoeuklc i añdnei añd nei fëquno fëqunok. k. Cj prierk prierkfkd fkdir ir dchc dchc dkrjc dkrjc nostru nostruaani aaniocs ocs co csc girfkt girfkti. i. Cstc Cstc jcoeuklc jcoeu klc i añdnei añdnei fëqunok cs dngæanj dngæanj dc kprcodcr, dngæanj dc utnjnzkr c noajusi noajusi küo fës dngæanj dc fidngnakr. Kdcfës csc añdnei fëqunok oi cs cj fnsfi pkrk tidis jis irdcok ird cokdir dircs cs ji quc sc trkdua trkduacc co quc quc jis prierkf prierkfks ks rckjnzk rckjnzkdis dis pkrk uo tnpi dc fëqunok oi snrvco pkrk cj rcsti. Qc pcosñ quc scræk fës ütnj trkhklkr co uo jcoeuklc pkrcandi i snfnjkr kj jcoeuklc bkhjkd bkh jkdi, i, kj jcoeuk jcoeuklc lc quc uskfis uskfis dnkrnkfco dnkrnkfcotc. tc. Sok vcz cxprcsk cxprcskdi di cj aioluo aioluoti ti dc nostruaaniocs co csc jcoeuklc acrakoi kj jcoeuklc okturkj, scrë ocacskrni trkduanr csc jcoeuklc k añdnei fëqunok. ]cri cstk jkhir sc pucdc prierkfkr y quc sck cj irdcokdir 

 

cj qu qucc ku kuti tifë fëtn tnakf akfco cotc tc bk bkek ek jk tr trkd kdua uaan anño ño k jc jcoe oeuk uklc lc fëqu fëquno nok. k. Dc cstk cstk gi girf rfkk surenc sur encrio rio jis jcoeuk jcoeuklcs lcs jjkfkd jjkfkdis is dc kjt kjti i onvcj onvcj y jis prierkfk prierkfkss coakre coakrekdi kdiss dc jk trksjkanño< jis trkduatircs. Cstis üjtnfis sc cofkrako biy co dæk co jis dcoifnokdis  priacskdircs dcj jcoeuklc quc oi sc jnfntko cxajusnvkfcotc kj trktkfncoti dc jcoeuklcs dc prierkfkanño snoi quc cxtncodco su akfpi dc kpjnakanño fuabi fës jclis. Cj ihlctnvi, sno dudk, cs quc co kjeüo fifcoti jis irdcokdircs scko akpkacs dc cotcodcr cj jcoeuklc quc cfpjcko jks pcrsioks.

CJ ]XNFCX JCOESKLC DC ]XIEXKFKANÑO OKANÑ CO ;2=; Liscpb Fkrnc Lkaqukrd guc cj novcotir dcj tcjkr prierkfkhjc. Cstc novcotir grkoaîs cs cj rcspioskhjc dc jk prierkfkanño. Oi cs cj novcotir dc jk fnsfk, yk quc jks aisks bko akfhnkdi fuabi dcsdc cotioacs, pcri cstë ajkri quc arcñ cj prnfcr snstcfk dc nostruaaniocs  pkrk uo ''aifputkdir''. ^ cs quc, sus tkrlctks prierkfkhjcs sc notriduaæko co uo tcjkr quc jcæk cj añdnei, jks nostruaaniocs, dc dnabks tkrlctks y kutifktnzkhk priacsis. Cvndcotcfcotc, sc trktkhk dc arckr dngcrcotcs dnscûis co tclndis, pcri csti pcrfntnñ quc aukjquncrk aio cj tcjkr y jks tkrlctks pcrgirkdks arckrko cstis dnscûis sno scr cxpcrtis co jk fktcrnk. Qc cstn cstnfk fk quc quc cstc cstc gu gucc cj pr prnf nfcr cr jcoe jcoeuk uklc lc dc pr prie ierk rkfk fkan anño ño,, yk qu qucc cs cstk tkss tk tkrl rlct ctks ks  pcrgirkdks sc utnjnzkrio co jks prnfcrks fëqunoks aifputkaniokjcs arckdks pir Abkrjcs Hkhhkec, y pistcrnirfcotc pir jis prnfcris irdcokdircs.

CJ ]XNF ]XNFC CX JCOES COESK KLC DC ]XIEX XIEXKF KFK KANÑO ANÑO,, CJ DC KDK JIWCJKAC Cotrc ;248 y ;241, Kdk Jivcjkac sc pripusi trkduanr jks fcfirnks dcj fktcfëtnai ntkjnkoi Junen Fcokhrck y, fncotrks ji bkaæk, arcñ uo jcoeuklc dc prierkfkanño k fkoi pkrk akja akjaujkr  ujkr  jk scrnc dc oüfcris dc Hcroiujjn aio jk fëqunok dc Hkhhkec.

;>17, COTXK CO CQACOK KJKO TSXNOE

 

Kûiss fës tkrdc, Kûi tkrdc, y oucvis oucvis jcoeuk jcoeuklcs lcs dc prierk prierkfka fkanño nño fcdnko fcdnkotc, tc, Turnoe Turnoe rcviju rcvijuani anioñ oñ jk aifputkanño aio su Fëqunok dc Turnoe. Qc trktk dc uok fëqunok quc dcfistrkhk quc, aio uo kjeirntfi, pidæko rcsijvcr aukjquncr prihjcfk fktcfëtnai. Qn bkhæk uo kjeirntfi, jk fëqunok pidæk rcsijvcr cj prihjcfk.

;>35 ^ CJ ]XNFCX JCOESKLC DC ]XIEXKFKANÑO XCKJ Co cj 35, Libo U.Hka`us novcotk cj prnfcr jcoeuklc dc prierkfkanño dc kjti onvcj, cj  prnfcri quc utnjnzkrio jis prierkfkdircs rckjcs, Girtrko. Guc uo jcoeuklc quc surenñ aifi væk dc csakpc dc Hka`us pkrk ''trkhklkr fcois'' co su tkrck dc akjaujkr trkycatirnks dc fnsnjcs, yk quc cj jcoeuklc, y cj aifpnjkdir, crko akpkacs dc bkacr cj trkhkli fuabi fës rëpndi.

CO ;>3> JJCEÑ AIHIJ Trks Girtrko aifi prnfc prnfcrr aifpnjkdi aifpnjkdir, r, jjceñ AIHIJ aifi aifi jk aujfnokanño aujfnokanño dc vkrnis itris snstcfks dc prierkfkanño. Cj ihlctnvi crk arckr uo jcoeuklc dc prierkfkanño uonvcrskj quc  pudncrk scr uskdi co aukjquncr irdcokdir.  Oi cstkhk fkj pcoskdi, yk quc co jis kûis 7= bkhæk dnstnotis irdcokdircs quc oi crko aifpktnhjcs cotrc sæ, y dc cstk fkocrk jks cfprcsks pidæko gnabkr tkjcotis sno tcocr quc coscûkr añfi uskr jis aifpnjkdircs y dngcrcotcs jcoeuklcs quc sc uskhko co sus cfprcsks, sn cs quc crko dnstnotis. Kdcfës, pcrfntnñ fidcronzkr jk nogirfëtnak dc ecstnño.

;>74 ^ CJ OKANFNCOTI DC HKQNA Hcenoocr's Kjj-purpisc Qyfhijna Nostruatnio Aidc, i HKQNA, cs uok gkfnjnk dc jcoeuklcs dc  prierkfkanño dc kjti onvcj quc sc dcskrrijjñ aifi uok bcrrkfncotk dc coscûkozk, pcri erkanks k su pipujkrndkd, sc aifcozñ k kdiptkr co itris snstcfks bkstk cj puoti dc quc, k dæk dc biy, sneuc sncodi fuy nfpirtkotc, aio prierkfks aifi Ekfhks i Wnsukj Hksna quc sc sneuco utnjnzkodi. Soi dc jis puotis fës nfpirtkotcs dc jk bnstirnk dc jis jcoeuklcs dc  prierkfkanño.

;>5=, ]KQAKJ

 

 On`jkus Unrtb guc uo prigcsir quc arcñ ]ksakj aifi, neukj quc HKQNA, bcrrkfncotk dc coscûkozk dc prierkfkanño, pcri prioti trksacodnñ aifi jcoeuklc dc prierkfkanño pkrk arckr tidi tnpi dc kpjnakaniocs. Dc bcabi, kuoquc biy sc sneuc uskodi, su prcscoank co kpjnakaniocs kpjna kaniocs cs fcoir, fcoir, pcri sæ sc vc co csaucjks csaucjks dc prierkfkanñ prierkfkanño o luoti kj aifpnjkdi aifpnjkdirr Grcc ]ksakj.

;>58, JJCEK A A guc arckdi pir Dcoons Xntabnc aifi uo jcoeuklc dc prierkfkanño co cj quc siji uoks  piaks nostruaaniocs pucdco trkduanr akdk cjcfcoti dcj jcoeuklc. A sc usñ aifi notcrfcdnkrni cotrc jcoeuklcs, yk quc crk uo jcoeuklc dc hkli onvcj, pcri aio cj tncfpi, cstc jcoeuklc dc prierkfkdircs pkrk prierkfkdircs sc bk utnjnzkdi co tidi tnpi dc sigtwkrc, y bk sndi jk hksc dc itris jcoeuklcs dc prierkfkanño quc sc utnjnzko fuabæsnfi co jk katukjndkd.

^ A++ CO ;>5> A++ cs uoi dc jis jcoeuklcs dc prierkfkanño fës utnjnzkdis... pkrk tidi. Jk notcoanño dc Hlkroc Hlk roc Qtriu Qtriustru strup p guc jk dc cxtcod cxtcodcr cr kj jco jcoeuk euklc lc dc prierk prierkfka fkanño nño A fcakon fcakonsfi sfiss pkrk pkrk fkonpujkr ihlctis. So puoti ajkvc co jk bnstirnk dc jis jcoeuklcs dc prierkfkanño.

;>>;< BTFJ, ]^TBIO ^ WNQSKJ HKQNA Trkss kûis Trk kûis ''lueuc ''lueuctck tckodi odi'''' aio aifpnj aifpnjkdi kdircs rcs y jcoeuk jcoeuklcs lcs dc prierk prierkfka fkanño nño cogiak cogiakdis dis k ihlctis, jjceñ jk dîakdk dc Notcroct. Kquæ sc priduli uo erko arcanfncoti dc jcoeuklcs dc  prierkfkanño, y kuoquc oi sc ''novcotñ okdk oucvi'', sæ sc fkdurkrio ndcks dcj pkskdi. Co ;>>; surencrio surencrio ]ytbio, Wnsukj Hksna y BTFJ, dis jcoeuklcs jcoeuklcs quc bko dcgnondi dcgnondi jks pëenoks pëenoks wch y BTFJ, uo jcoeuklc dc fkrakdi dc bnpcrtcxti quc cs cj ''añdnei'' dc Notcroct.

;>>3< LKWK, LKWKQAXN]T ^ ]B] Co ;>>3 okancrio Lkvk, LkvkQarnpt y ]B], itris trcs dc jis jcoeuklcs quc bko dcgnondi jk fkocrk co jk quc cotcodcfis cj fuodi dchndi k quc, hësnakfcotc, cstëo prcscotcs co cj 3=% dc jks pëenoks wch y co fuabæsnfks kpjnakaniocs. Kuoquc sc bk notcotkdi dclkr dc jkdi k gkvir dc oucvis jcoeuklcs, tkoti Lkvk aifi LkvkQarnpt sneuco sncodi nfpirtkotæsnfis.

 

8==; ^ A# Aio jk jjcekdk dc jk dîakdk dc jis 8===, jjcekrio oucvis jcoeuklcs dc prierkfkanño, aifi Katnio Qarnpt. Qno cfhkrei, guc co 8==; aukodi jjcekrio A# y Wnsukj Hksna .OCT. Luoti k jis kûis kotcrnircs aio Lkvk y BTFJ, A# aujfnok cj fclir fifcoti dc jk bnstirnk dc jis jcoeuklcs dc prierkfkanño. Cj prnfcri sc bk aiosijndkdi aifi uoi dc jis jcoeuklcs dc prierkfkanño fës nfpirtkotc  pkrk arckr tidi tnpi dc prierkfks. Cj sceuodi cs... hucoi, su oifhrc ji nodnak, uo jcoeuklc irncotkdi k ihlctis quc sc ksiank k Wnsukj Hksna, pcri quc cs titkjfcotc dnstnotk y cstë nfpjcfcotkdi sihrc cj grkfcwir` .OCT dc Fnarisigt.

QAXKTAB CO 8==7 Qc Qceu eunf nfis is ai aio o jk bnst bnstir irnk nk dc ji jiss jcoe jcoeuk uklc lcss dc pr prie ierkf rkfkan kanño ño bk bkhj hjko kodi di dc Qa Qark rkta tab, b, jk ''rcvijuanño'' dc jis jcoeuklcs dc prierkfkanño. Qc trktk dc uo jcoeuklc dc prierkfkanño vnsukj dcskrrijjkdi pir cj FNT quc aiosnstc co uo jcoeuklc dcskrrijjkdi pkrk quc onûis, kdijcsacotc kdijc sacotcss y kdujtis kprcodko k prierkfkr prierkfkr dc fkocrk fkocrk vnsukj sno tcocr dcfksnkdk dcfksnkdk ndck dc añdnei.  8==>, EI, DC

EIIEJC

Ei tkfhnîo cs aioiandi aifi Eijkod y cs uo, okdk fës y okdk fcois quc, uo jcoeuklc dc  prierkfkanño dnscûkdi pir Eiiejc. Cstë nospnrkdi co A, pcri cs uo jcoeuklc hkstkotc fës aifpjnakdi. Cstë cogiakdi k priacsis fuy aioarctis, pcri cj ihlctnvi prnoanpkj cs jk sceurndkd. ]ir csi, Ei oi tncoc krntfîtnak krntfîtnak dc puotcris. puotcris. Qncodi dc Eiiejc, co aukoti sc cfpncac cfpncac k pipujkrnzkr, pipujkrnzkr, sceuri quc ekok uo nfpirtkotc bucai co cj dcskrrijji dc Kodrind.

@ITJNO, CO 8=;8 @itjno cs uoi dc jis jcoeuklcs dc prierkfkanño dc fidk oi pir scr cj fës gëanj, snoi pirquc Eiiejc ji bk ''fkrakdi'' aifi cj fclir jcoeuklc dc prierkfkanño pkrk Kodrind.

 

Guc co cj Eiiejc N/I dc N/I  dc bkac uoks scfkoks aukodi jis dc Fiuotkno Wncw cabkrio uok fkoi k LctHrknos, dcskrrijjkdircs dc @itjno, kgnrfkodi quc Kodrind scrë akdk vcz fës @itjno y, pir tkoti, dkodi fës gkanjndkdcs pkrk jis dcskrrijjkdircs quc trkhklco aio dnabi jcoeuklc.

QUNGT, CO 8=;1 Cstis üjtnfis kûis, oi bk bkhndi uok cvijuanño dc jis jcoeuklcs dc prierkfkanño, pcri sæ sc bko arckdi dngcrcotcs jcoeuklcs jcoeuklcs cspcaægnais cspcaægnais pkrk kenjnzkr kenjnzkr jk prierkfkanño. prierkfkanño. @itjno @itjno cs uoi dc cjjis y Qwngt, itri. Arckdi pir Kppjc, cs uo jcoeuklc dc prierkfkanño ajkvc pkrk prierkfkr  co nIQ. Kuoq Ku oquc uc bky bky jcoe jcoeuk uklc lcss quc quc ois ois bcfi bcfiss dclk dclkdi di co cj tnot tnotcr cri, i, cs csti tiss si sio o kj kjeu euoi oiss dc jis fifcotis ajkvc co jk bnstirnk dc jk prierkfkanño. Kbirk siji qucdk vcr quî surec k  pkrtnr dc kbirk.

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