La Gestión Del Riesgo en La Empresa

 

Fh jkstdõl okf rdksjg kl fh kaprksh Kl fh ahygráh ok fhs kaprkshs sk prgouekl crkeukltkakltk hftkrhedglks kl su culedglhadkltg quk prgvgehl odsrupedglks kl sus gpkrhedglks egtdodhlhs. Kstk tdpg ok hftkrhedglks sgl eglskeukledh ok rdksjgs pgtkledhfks quk kxdstkl kl kf kltgrlg quk sk okshrrgffh fh hetdvdoho kaprkshrdhf. ^gr kmkapfg, ks auy egaýl vkr  egag ul sdstkah dlcgraètdeg ok ulh kaprksh (g ulh phrtk ok äf) lg culedglh ehoh edkrtg tdkapg (eháohs okf sdstkah) prgvgehlog pkqukøhs hftkrhedglks, quk jklkrhfakltk sk su`shlhl rèpdohakltk egl hfjýl quk gtrg egstk h vkeks lg auy `dkl vhfgrhog. _ha`däl kf rktrhsg kl fhs kltrkjhs ok prgvkkogrks pukok skr ehthfgjhog ok rdksjg, yh quk hcketh h fhs gpkrhedglks egtdodhlhs ok fh Ehoklh ok Uuadldstrg. Kf rdksjg pgokags egaphrhrfg egl ul tkrrkagtg. Kl culedõl ok su dltklsdoho, fgs ohøgs (egstks) quk pukok prgvgehr vhráhl kl culedõl ok su ahjldtuo. ^gr fg thltg kf rdksjg pgtkledhf quk pukok surjdr kl euhfqudkr èrkh ok fh kaprksh ok`k ehthfgjhrsk y euhltdcdehrsk skjýl su dltklsdoho . Ok`kags ksthr prkphrhogs. Kf rdksjg kl fh kaprksh sk okcdlk egag fh dlekrtdoua`rk (prg`h`dfdoho quk suekoh) kl oktkradlhogs sueksgs quk pukok hckethr pgsdtdvh g lkjhtdvhakltk h fgs euapfdadkltgs kspkrhogs ok ul lkjgedg. Jklkrhfakltk kstè hsgedhog h kcketgs lkjhtdvgs, hulquk tha`däl pukokl skr  pgsdtdvgs.

^gr kmkapfg, fgs pgtkledhfks rdksjgs pukokl ok`krsk h fh dlekrtdoua`rk kl fgs pfhzgs ok kltrkjh, fh ehfdoho ok fgs prgouetgs g h fhs dltkrrupedglks kl ul prgeksg prgouetdvg pgr chfth ok prgouetg. _ha`däl jklkrhl rdksjgs kl fgs lkjgedgs hspketgs kxtkrlgs egag pukokl skr fgs okshstrks lhturhfks, fgs eglcfdetgs fh`grhfks g hftkrhedglks pgfátdehs kl fgs phásks. _gogs kffgs kl ahygr g aklgr akodoh tdklkl ul daphetg keglõadeg kl fh grjhldzhedõl prgvgehlog pärodohs y/g egltrhtdkapgs. Kf rdksjg kl Ehoklh ok Uuadldstrgs sk pukok okcdldr egag  fh vhrdkoho ok pgsd`fks sueksgs quk pukokl ehushr ul kcketg lkjhtdvg kl kf cfumg cfumg ok prgouetgs g skrvdedgs tkldklog egag rksufthog hfjýl tdpg ok pkrmudedg euhltdthtdvg g euhfdthtdvg. Fh jkstdõl okf rdksjg kl fh ehoklh ok suadldstrgs trhth ok vhfgrhr, dokltdcdehr y euhltdcdehr fhs pgtkledhfks odsrupedglks phrh rkouedr kf daphetg kl fh adsah .

Kl ul aulog jfg`hfdzhog, oõlok kf cfumg ok prgouetgs y/g skrvdedgs ok auebhs grjhldzhedglks tdklkl ul hfehlek dltkrlhedglhf, sk bhek daprksedlod`fk pgokr jkstdglhr kf rdksjg g hf aklgs, tklkr pfhlks quk adtdjukl kl ahygr g aklgr akodoh fgs pgtkledhfks rdksjgs h fgs quk sk pukok klcrklthr euhfqudkr grjhldzhedõl, _ha`däl ks dapgrthltk tklkr kl euklth kf hfehlek g thahøg okf rdksjg. Ästk vhráh ok ulh grjhldzhedõl h gtrh. ^gr kmkapfg, lg tklorèl fgs adsags rdksjgs ul ch`rdehltk aulodhf ok hutgaõvdfks quk ul odstrd`udogr quk vklok eglsuad`fks ok ckrrktkráh kl ul èrkh jkgjrècdeh ok euhfqudkr phás. ^gr fg thltg, fgs pfhlks ok egltdljkledh sg`rk rdksjgs lg skrèl fgs adsags. _klkr dokltdcdehogs fgs rdksjgs pgtkledhfks h fgs quk ulh grjhldzhedõl sk pukok klcrklthr, sk bh erkhlog eglvkrtdog kl ulh lkeksdoho ok prdakr grokl phrh auebhs grjhldzhedglks, prgtgegfgs ok hetuhedõl quk pkradtkl sh`kr ‖quä bhekr‑ y

 

‖qudäl ok`k bhekr‑ kl ehsg ok quk kf rdksjg prg`h`fk sk eglvdkrth kl ulh rkhfdoho.

  ^rgeksgs phrh jkstdglhr kf rdksjg kl fh Ehoklh ok Uuadldstrgs Fgs prgeksgs efhvks quk fgs jkstgrks ok fh Ehoklh ok Uuadldstrgs ok`kl skr ehpheks ok ffkvhr h eh`g kl euhfqudkr grjhldzhedõl rkckrdogs hf rdksjg sgl  H. Dokltdcdehr fgs pgtkledhfks rdksjgs quk pukokl suekokr  @. Shfgrhr y efhsdcdehr kf rdksjg E. Okshrrgffhr ul pfhl ok rkspuksth hokeuhog O. Kmkeuthr kf pfhl ok rkspuksth sd cuksk lkekshrdg

Dokltdcdehr kf rdksjg Kf prgeksg phrh dokltdcdehr fgs rdksjgs egaprklok fhs sdjudkltks kthphs (D) Pkhfdzhr ulh ffuvdh ok dokhs (@rhdlstgradlj) ok tgogs fgs pgsd`fks rdksjgs rkfhedglhogs egl fgs prgeksgs fgjástdegs okf lkjgedg. _ha`däl sk pukok utdfdzhr gtrhs bkrrhadklths phrh dokltdcdehr rdksjgs egag kltrkvdsths, aätgog okfpbd, hlèfdsds ehush-kcketg, hlèfdsds OHCG. (DD) [lh egag vkz dokltdcdehogs, hsdjlhr fhs prdledphfks ehrhetkrástdehs ok ehoh rdksjg. Okthffk y h qudäl pukok hckethr, ldvkf okf rdksjg, h quä pukok hckethr, kte. (DDD) Erkhr ul rkjdstrg quk dokltdcdquk fgs rdksjgs y sus ehrhetkrástdehs. Shfgrhr y efhsdcdehr kf rdksjg Fh vhfgrhedõl k dokltdcdehedõl okf rdksjg dlefuyk (D) Ffkvhr h eh`g ulh vhfgrhedõl euhfdthtdvh okf rdksjg, quk tdklk egag g`mktg odseutdr egl fhs pkrsglhs ekrehlhs g dlvgfuerhohs kl kf prgeksg hckethog kf daphetg okf adsag. (DD) ^hrh rdksjgs ok ahygr sdjldcdehog , okshrrgffhr ulh vhfgrhedõl euhltdthtdvh ok fgs adsags.

Okshrrgffhr ul pfhl ok rkspuksth hokeuhog Kf pfhl ok rkspuksth ok`k dlefudr  (D) Okshrrgffhr ul pfhl ok rkspuksth agstrhlog quk sk ok`k bhekr y euhlog, dlefuyklog quk heedglks ok`kl oksklehoklhrsk sd kf rdksjg suekok.

 

(DD) Oksdjlhr h fh pkrsglh rkspglsh`fk kl ehoh ulg ok fgs rdksjgs dokltdcdehogs. (DDD) _klkr fhs hprg`hedglks y cglogs hokeuhohs phrh ohr rkspuksth h fgs rdksjgs pgtkledhfks.

Kmkeuthr kf pfhl ok rkspuksth sd cuksk lkekshrdg Fh kmkeuedõl okf pfhl egltkapfh (D) Dokltdcdehr kf pfhl ok rkspuksth kl ul ehfklohrdg kspkedcdehlog fhs heedglks h kmkeuthr kl ehoh agakltg. (DD) Hlhfdzhr fhs tklokledhs g vhrdhedglks sg`rk fgs rksufthogs kspkrhogs kl ehsg ok prgouedrsk kf rdksjg dokltdcdehog. (DDD) Hlhfdzhr fh vhfgrhedõl keglõadeh hsdjlhoh hf prksupukstg y vkr quk ks sucdedkltk phrh eglouedr kf pfhl prkvdstg. (DS) Ahltklkr rkuldglks pkrdõodehs phrh rkvdshr kf rkjdstrg ok rdksjgs y eha`dhr, høhodr g kfdadlhr euhfqudkr kfkakltg okf rkjdstrg kfh`grhog. Pdksjgs kl fh Ehoklh ok Uuadldstrgs Kl Ehoklh ok Uuadldstrg, fh jkstdõl okf rdksjg kl tgoh su jfg`hfdoho egaprklok ul egapfkmg y okthffhog hlèfdsds ok prdledpdg h cdl. Ukjýl bhl okserdtg Jrkjgry Uebfkjkf Uebfkj kf y Pg`krt Pg `krt _rklt _r klt ( Uuppfy Ebhdl  Pdsi    Ahlhjkaklt   ),, fh ahygr phrtk ok fhs  ) culedglks kstèl `hsthltk hvhlzhohs kl fh jkstdõl okf rdksjg kl täradlgs ok suadldstrg kxdstdklog ul aklgr okshrrgffg kl rdksjgs hsgedhogs h fh okahloh pkrg egl huskledh ok ulh jkstdõl hokeuhoh okf rdksjg kl kf kltgrlg quk rgokh h fh grjhldzhedõl. Kstg lgs ffkvh h kltklokr quk kl fh akodoh lgs hfkmhags ok lukstrg kltgrlg aès ekrehlg y egltrgfh`fk, fh jkstdõl okf rdksjg sk bhek aès egapfkmh y odcush.

_dpg ok rdksjg 

Pdksjg kl Hprgvdsdglhadkltg

Dlefuyk tgogs hqukffgs rdksjgs okrdvhogs okf hprgvdsdglhadkltg ok prgouetg. Kl ksth ehtkjgráh pukokl hphrkekr rdksjgs kl= odspgld`dfdoho okf prgvkkogr, dltkrrupedglks fh`grhfks, prkedgs, ehfdoho okf prgouetg, pfhzg ok kltrkjh, trhlspgrtk, Houhlhs. 

Pdksjgs kl fh Okahloh

Dlefuyk tgogs hqukffgs rdksjgs okrdvhogs ok fh jkstdõl ok fh okahloh kl fhs grjhldzhedglks. Fgs prdledphfks rdksjgs pgtkledhfks oktkethogs sgl= Krrgr okf prglõstdeg, rktrhsgs kl fhs kltrkjhs, prkedgs okf efdkltk, ehfdoho, pärodoh ok efdkltks, jhrhltáhs, efdkltks lg rklth`fks. 

Pdksjgs kl fgs ^rgeksgs Dltkrlgs

Dlefuyk tgogs hqukffgs rdksjgs quk cgrahl phrtk ok fgs prgeksgs dltkrlgs ok fh grjhldzhedõl. Fgs rdksjgs pgtkledhfks sk kleukltrhl kl= Dlcgrahedõl & _kelgfgjáh, jkstdõl okf dlvklthrdg, ehphedoho, jkstdõl ok phjgs y eg`rgs, eustgakr skrvdek, pfhldcdehedõl, kstrhtkjdh, prgoueedõl, hsá egag tkahs rkfhedglhogs egl fhs cusdglks. 

Pdksjgs kl kf Kltgrlg

Dlefuyk fgs rdksjgs pgtkledhfks quk kxdstkl kl kf kltgrlg kxtkrdgr ok fh kaprksh. Uk pukokl dokltdcdehr kl= Fkjdsfhedõl, Pkjufhedglks kl fgs phásks, Pkjufhedglks houhlkrhs, ^rklsh, Akodg Ha`dkltk, Okshstrks lhturhfks, Eha`dgs pgfátdegs.

 

Pdksjgs Dltkrlgs y Kxtkrlgs

^hrh ulh akmgr egaprklsdõl ok fgs rdksjgs kl ulh grjhldzhedõl, tha`däl sk pukokl efhsdcdehr kl rdksjgs dltkrlgs y kxtkrlgs. Ksth pkrspketdvh lgs pkradtdrè tklkr ulh akmgr egaprklsdõl ok fgs rdksjgs quk kxdstkl h lukstrg hfrkokogr. Egl ksth efhsdcdehedõl pgokags vhfgrhr su jrhog ok dapgrthledh y hsdjlhr rkspglsh`dfdohoks ulh cgrah aès skledffh. egl gtrgs chetgrks ok rdksjg skjýl Fh fdsth prksklthohok pukok skr egapfkaklthoh agokfg ok lkjgedg y hetdvdoho quk okshrrgffk fh grjhldzhedõl.

Pdsi Phtdlj [lh vkz bkags ehtkjgrdzhog y oktkradlhog fgs rdksjgs quk pukokl geurrdr kl lukstrh Ehoklh ok Uuadldstrgs, bhy quk ogthrfh ok ulh vhfgrhedõl g`mktdvh. Ksth vhfgrhedõl egaprklok culohaklthfakltk ogs vhfgrks= ^rg`h`dfdoho k Daphetg . Fh ega`dlhedõl ok ha`gs lgs gcrkek ul rhtdlj  okf  okf rdksjg, y lgs hyuoh h egaprklokr auebg akmgr oõlok ulh grjhldzhedõl ok`k pglkr sus kscukrzgs. ^rg`h`dfdoho= Ks fh prg`h`dfdoho ok quk geurrh kf kvkltg. ^hrh kffg sk erkhl odckrkltks ehtkjgráhs y sk kf hsdjlh ulh prg`h`dfdoho. (ok aklgr h ahygr prg`h`dfdoho). Daphetg= Pkprksklth fh ahjldtuo ok fh pärodoh (g jhlhledh). Djuhf quk fg hltkrdgr, kxdstkl odckrkltks ehtkjgráhs y ahjldtuoks okf daphetg.

 

Kl ha`gs ehsgs, ks fh kaprksh fh quk rkhfdzh fh efhsdcdehedõl y oh fgs egrrkspglodkltks vhfgrks h fhs ehtkjgráhs. Pdsi Phtdlj 1 ^rg`h`dfdoho x Daphetg Fh ega`dlhedõl ok fh prg`h`dfdoho ok quk geurrh y fh ahjldtuo ok fh pärodoh lgs oh egag rksufthog ulh ahtrdz egag fh quk sk rkprksklth h egltdluhedõl. Ok ksth cgrah, fgs rdksjgs sk pukokl euhltdcdehr y vhfgrhr, gcrkedklog ulh bkrrhadklth ok jrhl chedfdoho ok eglstrueedõl kl fh quk sk pukok vkr oõlok sk ok`kl pglkr fgs kscukrzgs buahlgs, täeldegs y cdlhledkrgs phrh adtdjhr fgs rdksjgs.

 Hsá, egag sk pukok vkr kl fh ahtrdz, kf vhfgr okf rdksjg rdksjg phrh ul oktkradlhog sueksg quk skh ^rg`h`fk y egl ul daphetg Kxtrkag tkloráh ul vhfgr ok 5> % x 2> % 1 0? %

Fgs rdksjgs pukokl skr ehthfgjhogs ok ulh cgrah aès jklkrhf egag Pdksjg @hmg, sd sk kleukltrh kl fh zglh `fhleh, Pdksjg Akodg, sd kstè kl fh zglh jrds y Pdksjg Kfkvhog, sd kstè kl fh zglh hzuf. Ehtkjgráhs `èsdehs okf Pdksjg

 

Hlèfdsds euhltdthtdvg okf Pdksjg

[l hlèfdsds lgs hyuoh vhfgrhr keglõadeh rdksjg kl uleuhltdthtdvg lkjgedg g phrtk ok äf. hKstk tdpgok okcgrah hlèfdsds gcrkekl kf kcketg okf rksufthogs euhltdthtdvgs, pgr fg quk rkouekl fh dlekrtdoua`rk y prgvkkl ok ulh dlcgrahedõl aès efhrh phrh vhfgrhr fgs egstks h kapfkhr. Fh vhfgrhedõl okf rdksjg sk rkhfdzh ok cgrah dlodvdouhf, ohlog egag rksufthog ul ldvkf hjrkjhog pgr èrkhs culedglhfks u gpkrhedglhfks. [l hlèfdsds ok euhltdcdehedõl sgfg sk ok`k rkhfdzhr kl hqukffhs ehtkjgráhs ok fhs quk odspgljhags ohtgs rkhfks y cdh`fks. ^gr fg quk lg ks eglvkldkltk hpfdehrfg sd lg odspglkags ok ohtgs sucdedkltks phrh su vhfgrhedõl rkhf. Fh cõraufh `èsdeh phrh vhfgrhr kf rdksjg ks fh Kxpketko Aglkthry Shfuk (KAS) KAS 1 ^rg`h`dfdoho x Daphetg x Egstk Fh odckrkledh egl fh cõraufh okf Pdsi Phtdlj  ks  ks quk fh rkprksklthags kl täradlgs aglkthrdgs. ^gr kmkapfg, sd ul oktkradlhog rdksjg tdklk ul egstk kstdahog ok 8>>.>>> ₦, y ulh prg`h`dfdoho x daphetg okf 8> %, pgokags kstdahr quk kf rdkjg supglk ul vhfgr ok 8>.>>> ₦ KAS 1 8>>.>>> x 8> %

Heedglks ^rkvkltdvhs y Egrrketgrhs Fhs heedglks prkvkltdvhs sgl rkspuksths odskøhohs hltks ok quk ul rdksjg geurrh. Fh dltkledõl ks rkspglokr ok cgrah prghetdvh hltks quk kspkrhr h ulh rkspuksth urjkltk. Fhs heedglks egrrketdvhs sgl rkspuksths odskøhohs ulh vkz kf rdksjg sk bh prgouedog. Kf g`mktdvg ks adldadzhr kf daphetg aglkthrdg, cásdeg g ok rkputhedõl hltk kf kvkltg prgouedog. ^gr fg thltg, kl kf odskøg okf pfhl ok rdksjg sk ok`k egltkapfhr ha`hs heedglks.

Kl kf sdjudkltk euhorg pgokags vkr ul kmkapfg ok ul euhorg rksuakl ok fgs rdksjgs oktkethogs kl ulh kaprksh.

 

  Kf ^fhl ok Egltdljkledh Cdlhfakltk, ulh vkz bkags dokltdcdehog fgs rdksjgs ok fh Ehoklh ok Uuadldstrg, sk bhl euhltdcdehog y vhfgrhog fgs adsags, sk ok`k ksth`fkekr ul ^fhl ok Egltdljkledh quk hskjurk fh egltdludoho ok fhs gpkrhedglks. Kf pfhl ok

egltdljkledh dlefuyk ok cgrah dlstrueedglks phrh rksthurhr skrvdedgs g prgeksgs efhvks okokthffhoh fh grjhldzhedõl (fdlkhs yokpfhlks egauldehedõl, kfketrdedoho, odsrupedglks jklkrhfks kf prgoueedõl, eháohs kl sdstkah dlcgraètdegs, bukfjhs, kte,,,). ^gr fg thltg, ok`k rkegjkr hspketgs efhvk quk rkhfakltk supgljhl rdksjgs kfkvhogs. _gog pfhl ok egltdljkledh ok`k skr egauldehog y prkvdhakltk klshyhog. Ks auy dapgrthltk quk tgohs fhs pkrsglhs dlvgfuerhohs eglgzehl fgs okthffks phrh quk sk trh`hmk ok cgrah eggrodlhoh sdl lkeksdoho ok ohr aès dlstrueedglks ok fhs yh kxpuksths kl kf pfhl.  Hfjulhs `uklhs prèetdehs h tklkr kl euklth. (D) Fgs pfhlks ok egltdljkledh ok`kl rked`dr sdkaprk kf sgpgrtk ok fh Odrkeedõl (DD) ^rkphrhr ul rkpgrtk okthffhog okf daphetg rkhf kl ehsg sk prgouzehl fgs rdksjgs egl egstks. Kstk rkpgrtk tha`däl ok`k dlefudr fgs tdkapgs ok rkeupkrhedõl prkvdstgs. (DDD) Hetuhfdzhr ok cgrah pkrdõodeh fgs pfhlks ok egltdljkledh (DS) Hsdjlhr rkspglsh`fks quk jhrhltdekl fh hpfdehedõl okf pfhl kl ehsg ok quk geurrh kf sueksg. (S) Lg hpgyhrsk kl dlvklthrdgs kxtrhs. Kl hfjulgs sueksgs, sk lkeksdthrèl prgeksgs hftkrlhtdvgs phrh ahltklkr fh hetdvdoho. (SD) Hskjurhrlgs quk lukstrgs prgvkkogrks ahltdklkl tha`däl pfhlks ok egltdljkledh. Fhs rkspglsh`dfdohoks sgl egaphrtdohs. (SDD) Ud lgs hprgvdsdglhags kl phásks kxtkrdgrks egl prg`h`dfdoho hfth ok okshstrks lhturhfks g eglcfdetgs, tklkr sdkaprk prkphrhog pfhlks hftkrlhtdvgs egl cukltks ok suadldstrg aès ksth`fks. (SDDD) Ahltklkr sdkaprk fgs pfhlks ok egltdljkledh hetuhfdzhogs y kltrklhogs h fgs kapfkhogs quk phrtdedpkl kl odebgs pfhlks.