La Evolución de La Danza en La Historia

 

BN G\OBW@DÐM KG BN KNMQN GM BN EDP[OSDN

 

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BN G\OBW@DÐM KG BN KNMQN GM BN EDP[OSDN        

   

¿^WÄ GP KNMQN? ¿YNSN ^WÄ PDS\G BN KNMQN? ¿@ÐHO BN YGS@DCGM BN KNMQN BNP @WB[WSNP ^WG BN W[DBDQNM? ¿^WÄ DHYOS[NM@DN EN [GMDKO BN KNMQN GM BN G\OBW@DÐM KGB  PGS EWHNMO? ¿@ÐHO MOP NTWKN BN KNMQN T YNSN ^WÄ? ¿^WÄ KNMQNP PG ENM @OMO@DKO N BO BNSJO KGB [DGHYO?

GUYSGPDÐM NS[ÈP[D@N  YSOLN. KÄCOSN TWBDPPN [W@WCNB JÐHGQ

PNM YGKSO TGYO@NYN, @EDHNB[GMNMJO 37 KG HNTO KG 3,939

 

DM[SOKW@@DÐM Bn knmzn lorhn pnrtg kg umn kg bns tnmtns gxprgsdomgs `orpornbgs qug gxdstgm, tdgmg um ordjgm nm`gstrnb y sdrvdð pnrn qug bos prdhgros sgrgs euhnmos qug pocbnrom bn tdgrrn bojrnrnm `ohumd`nrsg. Gstn gxprgsdðm jgmgrnbhgmtg sg gxtgrdordzn `om bn `ohpnþèn kg rdthos n`ñstd`os y `nkn hovdhdgmto gs gspg`dnb, por gstg hotdvo gs `omsdkgrnkn `oho um bgmjunag `orpornb dhportnmtèsdho gm toko gb humko. Bos hov hovdhd dhdgmt gmtos os sg `nr `nrn`t n`tgrd grdzncn zncnmm por sgr tot totnbh nbhgmt gmtgg npns npnsdom domnkos nkos y numq numqug ug lugr lugrom om  prdhdtdvos nb prdm`dpdo, po`o n po`o lugrom nkoptnmko gbghgmtos kgbd`nkos, sunvgs, hîs tgmugs qug nb prdm`dpdo. @om gb pnso kg bos nþos, gb `eoqug kg bns pnbhns, bns pdsnkns y gb somdko kg bos îrcobgs lugrom sustdtudkos sustdtudkos por dmstruhgmtos dmstruhgmtos enstn qug, ldmnbhgmtg, ldmnbhgmtg, bn voz lug dm`budkn `oho um ñbtdho y gx`gbgmtg gbghgmto.

 

 BN KNMQN GP GB BGMJWNAG O@WB[O KGB NBHN. (Hnrten Jrnenh)

 

BN G\OBW@DÐM KG BN KNMQN GM BN EDP[OSDN ¿^WÄ GP KNMQN? Bn gs umn kg gxprgsdomgs `orpornbgs hîs nm`gstrnbgs qug `nrn`tgrdznm n bnumedstordn kgb knmzn sgr euhnmo. Pg bns trntn kg bn gxprgsdðm prdm`dpnbhgmtg `orpornb qug n`ohpnþn rdtho n`ñstd`o. Kg gstg hoko, gm`omtrnhos qug sg kd`g qug bn knmzn gs ‒gb bgmjunag kgb `ugrpo‘. Gb `om`gpto kg knmzn provdgmg kgb lrnm`äs nmtdjuo knm`dgr. @omsdstg gm umn sg`ugm`dn kg hovdhdgmtos `orpornbgs qug n`ohpnþnr kg hnmgrn rèthd`n bn hñsd`n. Nsdhdsho, bn knmzn gs gmtgmkdkn `oho um hgkdo kg gxprgsdðm y `ohumd`n`dðm.   Pg gm`omtrnrom rgjdstros kg gstg tdpo kg gxprgsdðm euhnmn gm tokns bns äpo`ns y gm bos kdstdmtos `omtdmgmtgs, sd cdgm n trnväs kgb `urso kgb tdghpo sg lug hokdld`nmko tnmto su sgmtdko y sdjmdld`nkos, `oho bns lorhns kg rgnbdzn`dðm. Gm bn prgedstordn sg cndbncn nb `ohpîs kg bos somdkos kg bn mnturnbgzn, qug hîs tnrkg sgrènm n`ohpnþnkos por bns pnbhns, gb `eoqug kg bos pdgs o kg cnstomgs, qug bugjo sg vgrènm gvobu`domnkos gm dmstruhgmtos husd`nbgs. Yor ñbtdho, sg dm`orpornrèn bn voz. Gstns knmzns prdhdtdvns grnm pnsdomnbgs y por  tnmto totnbhgmtg gspomtîmgns. Bns knmzns som `nrn`tgrèstd`ns kg bn `ubturn qug bn rgnbdzn, kg gstg hoko gm`omtrnhos kdlgrgm`dns gm bos kdstdmtos tdpos kg knmzns sgjñm bn so`dgknk gm bn `unb sg kgsnrrobbn. Gsto hd Gsto hdsh shoo gs ho hotd tdvo vo po porr gb `u `unb nb hd hdbb bbomg omgss kg tu turd rdst stns ns sg tr trns nsbn bnkn knmm n vd vdsd sdtn tnrr zo zomn mnss  pnrtd`ubnrgs komkg bns knmzns rgjdomnbgs som `obordkns y nportnm umn gxprgsdðm `nrn`tgrèstd`n kgb bujnr. @oho por gaghpbo bn snhcn, bns knmzns kg pgr`usdðm nlrd`nmn o bns knmzns qug n`ohpnþnm nb tgntro anpomäs. N`tunbhgmtg bn knmzn gs sdmðmdho kg cndbg, `omstdtuyg umn lorhn kg nrtg `om kdvgrsos ldmgs `oho bn kdvgrsdðm, nrtèstd`os o rgbdjdosos, sdghprg `ombbgvn bn dmtgrn``dðm euhnmn. Bn knmzn, gs gmtgmk gmtgmkdkn dkn hîs prolumkn prolumknhgmtg hgmtg `oho umn gxprgsd gxprgsdðm ðm kg gho`d gho`domgs omgs dmtgrmns, gm bn `unb n trnväs kg bos hovdhdgmtos jgstunbgs sg pgrsdjug bn dmtgm`dðm kg `ohumd`nrbns.

 

Gstn gxprgsdðm nrtèstd`n tdgmg sus propdns rgjbns y pnsos lumknhgmtnbgs qug kgcgm sgr  rgspgtnkos pnrn su gag`u`dðm, gstos rgqudgrgm kgb gmtrgmnhdgmto y por supugsto kg bn `unbdknk pnrtd`ubnr kg `nkn umo kg bos cndbnrdmgs. Kg gstg hdsho hoko bn knmzn sg `nrn`tgrdzn por tgmgr sus propdns vgstdhgmtns `omlg``domnkns pnrn pgrhdtdr gb hovdhdgmto kg bos cndbnrdmgs. Bn knmzn gs bn n``dðm o hnmgrn kg cndbnr. Pg trntn kg bn gag`u`dðm kg hovdhdgmtos nb rdtho kg bn hñsd`n qug pgrhdtg gxprgsnr sgmtdhdgmtos y gho`domgs. Pg gstdhn qug bn knmzn lug umn kg bns prdhgrns hnmdlgstn`domgs nrtèstd`ns kg bn edstordn kg bn euhnmdknk. Gs dhportnmtg rgsnbtnr gb eg`eo kg qug bn knmzn tdgmg su ordjgm yn gm bn Yrgedstordn pugs kgskg sdghprg gb eohcrg en tgmdko bn mg`gsdknk kg gxprgsnr sus sgmtdhdgmtos y mo sðbo n trnväs kg bn `ohumd`n`dðm vgrcnb sdmo tnhcdäm hgkdnmtg bo qug sgrèn bn `ohumd`n`dðm `orpornb. Mo ocstnmtg, gm gsos orèjgmgs gb sgr euhnmo rg`urrèn n bn knmzn `oho pnrtg lumknhgmtnb kg rdtunbgs rgbn`domnkos `om bn lg`umkdknk o bn jugrrn. Bn knmzn dhpbd`n bn dmtgrn``dðm kg kdvgrsos gbghgmtos. Gb hovdhdgmto kgb `ugrpo rgqudgrg kg um nkg`unko hnmgao kgb gspn`do y kg mo`domgs rèthd`ns. Bn dmtgm`dðm kgb cndbnrèm gs qug sus hovdhdgmtos n`ohpnþgm n bn hñsd`n. Yor gaghpbo1 umn hñsd`n kg rdtho bgmto y trnmqudbo rgqudgrg kg pnsos kg knmzn pnusnkos y po`o gstrdkgmtgs. Bn gxprgsdðm `orpornb tnhcdäm sg npoyn gm bn vgstdhgmtn utdbdznkn kurnmtg bn knmzn. Gs dhportnmtg tgmgr gm `ugmtn qug gb prgkohdmdo kgb rdtho o kgb uso kgb gspn`do pugkg vnrdnr kg n`ugrko n bn knmzn gm `ugstdðm. Otros ln`torgs qug gx`gkgm n bn knmzn gm sè, `oho bn hèhd`n y gb `nmto, tnhcdäm lorhnm pnrtg kgb cndbg.

¿YNSN ^WÄ PDS\G BN KNMQN? - Bn Knmzn gs gb vgeè`ubo dkgnb pnrn `ohumd`nrsg y gxprgsnrsg Pdrvg Pdr vg gmt gmtrg rg hu` hu`eès eèsdhn dhnss `osn `osns, s, pnrn hnm hnmdlg dlgstn stnr  r  sgmtdhdgmtos, y pnrn knr rdgmkn sugbtn bo qug `nkn  pgrsomn bbgvn kgmtro. Gs bn lorhn qug tgmghos hu`ens pgrsomns pnrn `ohumd`nrmos `om hnyor  ln`dbdknk, umos bo en`gm n trnväs kg bn pnbncrn, otros n trnväs kg bn pdmturn, y mosotros n trnväs kgb `ugrpo. - Hgaorn bn posturn `orpornb  Bn Kn Knmz mznn lor lortn tnbg bg`g `g bo boss hñ hñs`u s`ubo bos, s, npo nport rtnm nmko ko tnhcdäm umn hnyor pbnstd`dknk y gbnstd`dknk. [okos bos tdpos kg cndbg rgqudgrgm bn nbdmgn`dðm `orrg`tn kg bns kdlgrgmtgs pnrtgs kgb `ugrpo y gstî `ohprocnko qug umn cugmn posturn `orpornb, gvdtn bn lntdjn hus`ubnr y hnmtdgmg nb

 

`ugrpo bdcrg kg bgsdomgs, kdshdmuygmko nsè gb kgtgrdoro kg bn supgrld`dg kg bns nrtd`ubn`domgs, y rgku`dgmko gb rdgsjo kg bn nrtrdtds.

- Hgaorn bn lbgxdcdbdknk, njdbdknk, `oorkdmn`dðm  `oorkdmn`dðm  Bn Knmzn hgaorn kgstrgzns y encdbdknkgs qug som huy dhportnmtgs pnrn bn snbuk gm jgmgrnb. Pg potgm`dn bn gbnstd`dknk, y sg trncnan hu`eo bn `oorkdmn`dðm kg vnrdos gbghgmtos n bn vgz, `oho pugkgm sgr1 `ncgzn, hnmos y pdgs, en`dgmko qug sg kgsnrrobbg um trncnao tnhcdäm kg rgtgm`dðm kg hovdhdgmtos. - Hgaorn gb gstnko kg îmdho Gs umn n`tdvdknk so`dnb komkg sg `omo`g jgmtg, sg en `ohprocnko qug bns n`tdvdknkgs so`dnbgs, hgaornm gb gstnko dmhumobðjd`o. Gm bn prî`td`n kg bn Knmzn, sg dmtgr`nhcdnm gho`domgs, y hgaorn gb gstnko kg îmdho. Pd tgmghos tgmghos gm `ugmtn, `ugmtn, qug bn Knmzn gs um tdpo kg n`t n`tdvd dvdknk knk ngrðcd`n, ngrðcd`n, y qug por tnmto nuhgmtn bn `npn`dknk kg rgsdstgm`dn pnrn rgnbdznr `unbqudgr n`tdvdknk lèsd`n. ästn mos nyukn n bdcgrnr gmkorldmns, bns eorhomns kg bn lgbd`dknk qug `ohcntgm gb gsträs. - Cgmgld`dn bn snbuk kgb `ornzðm y nyukn n `omtrobnr bn prgsdðm nrtgrdnb, gb `obgstgrob y gb  nzñ`nr gm bn snmjrg. Lortn Lor tnbg bg`g `g bo boss pub pubho homg mgss y gb `or `ornz nzðm, ðm, y hg hgao aorn rn bn `d `dr`u r`ubn bn`d `dðm ðm.. Bn Nh Nhgrd grd`n `nmm Eg Egnrt nrt Nsso`dn Nsso `dntd tdom om rg`o rg`ohdg hdgmkn mkn Bn Knm Knmzn, zn, pnrn rgku rgku`dr `dr bos rdg rdgsjos sjos kg bns gmlg gmlgrhg rhgknkg knkgss kgb `ornzðm. @oho toko hñs`ubo, gb `ornzðm mg`gsdtn gagr`dtn`dðm pnrn gstnr gm ðptdhns `omkd`domgs. Bn  prî`td`n kg bn Knmzn nuhgmtn gb rdtho `nrkdn`o, `nrk dn`o, y n bnrjo pbnzo, lortnbg`g l ortnbg`g bn `npn`dknk kgb `ugrpo kg rgnbdznr n`tdvdknkgs lèsd`ns sdm `ngr gm lntdjn. Gb Knmzn nyukn n `omtrobnr trgs nspg`tos kg bn snbuk dhportnmtèsdhos1 Nyukn n `omtrobnr bn  prgsdðm nrtgrdnb, nr tgrdnb, gb mdvgb kg nzñ`nr gm bn snmjrg y bos mdvgbgs kg `obgstgrob. Mo sðbo nyukn n kdshdmudr bos mdvgbgs kgb `obgstgrob hnbo. [nhcdäm nyukn n nuhgmtnr gb `obgstgrob cugmo. - Gb cndbg lortnbg`g bos pubhomgs. Pd sg prn`td`n bn Knmzn `om `dgrtn rgjubnrdknk, nuhgmtn bn `npn`dknk kgb `ugrpo kg rg`dcdr  oxèjgmo. Gb rgsubtnko gs umn hgaor rgspdrn`dðm, um uso hîs gld`dgmtg kgb oxèjgmo gm gb orjnmdsho y hnyor lbuao kg oxèjgmo nb `grgcro.

¿@ÐHO BN YGS@DCGM BN KNMQN BNP @WB[WSNP ^WG BN W[DBDQNM?   N bo bo bnrjo bnrjo kg tokns tokns bns äpo`ns, bn knmzn en sdko um nspg`to dhportnmtg kg tokns bns `ubturns. Gmtrg bnss `ub bn `ubtu turn rnss pr prdh dhdt dtdv dvns, ns, gb cn cndb dbgg lu lugg um umnn kg bn bnss lorhn lor hnss prd prdm` m`dp dpnb nbgs gs kg gx gxprg prgsd sdðm ðm so` so`dn dnbb y rd rdtu tunb nb rgbdjdoso. Bos eohcrgs y bns huagrgs cndbncnm pnrn jnmn mnrrsg bos ln lnvvorg rgss kg bos kdosgs gs,, qud udggmgs  propor`domncnm gb nbdhgmto, gb rglujdo, bn snbuk y bn

 

sgjurdknk. Cndbncnm pnrn gxprgsnr su nbgjrèn gm bos mn`dhdgmtos, su lgbd`dknk gm gb nhor, su vnbor gm bn jugrrn y su trdstgzn lrgmtg n bn hugrtg.   Gb sgr euhnmo en kgs`ucdgrto kdvgrsns lorhns kg dmtgrn`tunr, gxprgsîmkosg por hgkdos qug  pgrhdtnm gstncbg`gr umn `ohumd`n`dðm n trnväs kg bn gxprgsdvdknk qug eoy gm kèn som `omsdkgrnkns nbjo prdhorkdnb gm bns so`dgknkgs `dvdbdznkns y orjnmdznkns. Gs gb `nso kg bn knmzn `ubturnb `oho gxprgsdðm kg bos pugcbos. @om gb pnso kg bn gvobu`dðm enm surjdko dmmuhgrncbgs posdcdbdknkgs qug ln`dbdtnm bn `ohumd`n`dðm gmtrg kos o hîs pgrsomns, qug dm`buso, bbgjnm n sgr rg`omo`dkos `oho gxprgsdomgs nrtèstd`ns. Wmo kg bos hîs `omo`dkos n mdvgb humkdnb gs bn knmzn, sdgmko `omsdkgrnkn `omsdkg rnkn `oho gb nrtg kg cndbnr o hovgrsg hovgrsg nb rdtho kg umn kgtgrhdmnkn kgtgrhdmnkn hgbokèn. hgbokèn. Gstg hovdhdgmto nrtèstd`o `ubturnb, gstg nrrndjnko gm bo hîs prolumko kg bns rnè`gs nm`gstrnbgs kg bos pugcbos y mn`domgs kgb humko gmtgro, bos `unbgs `nkn umo kg gbbos `ugmtn `om umn knmzn `nrn`tgrèstd`n kg su rgjdðm, bn `unb kgtgrhdmn kg hnmgrn kdrg`tn su dkgmtdknk `ubturnb mn`domnbdstn. Bns `ubturns pgr`dcgm bn knmzn o gb cndbg `oho gb nrtg komkg sg utdbdzn gb hovdhdgmto `orpornb jgmgrnbhgmtg `om hñsd`n, `oho umn lorhn kg gxprgsdðm y kg dmtgrn``dðm so`dnb `om ldmgs kg gmtrgtgmdhdgmto, nrtèstd`os, rgproku`tdvos y rgbdjdosos Gs gb hovdhdgmto gstîtd`o y gm kgspbnznhdgmto qug su`gkg gm gb gspn`do y gb tdghpo qug sg rgnbdzn `om umn pnrtg y toko gb `ugrpo kgb gag`utnmtg, `om `dgrto `ohpîs o rdtho `oho gxprgsdðm gxprgsd ðm kg sgmtd sgmtdhdgmt hdgmtos os dmkdvdkunbgs dmkdvdkunbgs o kg sèhcobos kg bn `ubtu `ubturn rn y bn so`dgknk. Bn knmzn tnhcdäm gs umn lorhn kg `ohumd`n`dðm6 sg usn gb bgmjunag mo vgrcnb gmtrg bos sgrgs euhnmos komkg gb cndbnrèm o cndbnrdmn gxprgsn sgmtdhdgmtos y gho`domgs n trnväs kg sus hovdhdgmtos y jgstos. Pg rgnbdzn hnyorhgmtg `om hñsd`n, yn sgn umn `nm`dðm, pdgzn husd`nb o tomos. Bos prdhgros gm rg`omo`gr bn knmzn `oho um nrtg lugrom bos jrdgjos qug bg kgkd`nrom gm su hdtobojèn umn husn. [grpsè`org. Pu prî`td`n gstncn bdjnkn nb `ubto kgb kdos Kdomdso y, aumto `om bn pogsèn y bn hñsd`n, grn gbghgmto dmkdspgmsncbg kg bn trnjgkdn jrdgjn, komkg bn `ntnrsds nb umn dmkdvdkuo `om bosy kdosgs6 `uhpbèn pomèn bn knmzn lum`dðmgmkgrgbn`dðm `ohumd`n`dðm `oegsdðmnumqug so`dnb.tnhcdäm gmtrg bos jrdgjos Kgmtro kg bn knmzn gxdstg bn `orgojrnlèn, qug gs gb nrtg kg `rgnr knmzns. N bn pgrsomn qug `rgn `orgojrnlèns sg bg `omo`g `oho `orgðjrnlo. Bn knmzn sg pugkg cndbnr `om um mñhgro vnrdnko kg cndbnrdmgs, qug vn kgskg sobdtnrdo, gm pnrgan o jrupos6 pgro gb mñhgro por bo jgmgrnb kgpgmkgrî kg bn knmzn qug sg vn n gag`utnr y tnhcdäm kg su ocagtdvo, y gm nbjumos `nsos hîs gstru`turnkos, kg bn dkgn kgb `orgðjrnlo. Bos gbghgmtos lumknhgmtnbgs kg bn knmzn som1 @ugrpo, n``dðm, gspn`do, gmgrjèn, tdghpo. Bns knmzns gstîm bbgmns kg gbghgmtos rdtunbdstns y rgbdjdosos, som `rgnkns `om umn nhpbdn dhnjdmn`dðm y kg gbgvnkos pokgrgs qug kgldmgm bn dkgmtdknk o pgrsomnbdknk kg um pugcbo, eoy gm kèn bns `omsgrvnhos `oho hnmdlgstn`domgs nrtèstd`ns.

 

Bn knmzn y gb tgntro sg rgbn`domnm yn qug bns kos en`gm uso kgb `ugrpo y gb hovdhdgmto pnrn gxprgsnrsg. Pg ocsgrvn qug, gm bns so`dgknkgs bbnhnkns trnkd`domnbgs, bns pgrsomns hugstrnm umn jrnm dm`bdmn`dðm n knmznr gm hohgmtos `omsdkgrnkos lumknhgmtnbgs gm gb kgvgmdr kg su vdkn so`dnb, sus n`tdvdknkgs g`omðhd`ns y sus `omvgm`domgs gspdrdtunbgs y rgbdjdosns. Kg neè qug bn knmzn trnkd`domnb sg gmtdgmkn `oho umn n`tdvdknk bdjnkn n bn gxprgsdðm kg sgmtdhdgmtos so`dnbgs y `ubturnbgs socrgsnbdgmtgs. Mo gm vnmo bns knmzns o`urrgm gm sdtun`domgs gm qug bns  pgrsomns sdgmtgm bn mg`gsdknk kg `gbgcrnr um n`omtg`dhdgmto `ru`dnb kgmtro kg bn `ohumd `oh umdkn knk, k, pu pukd kdgm gmko ko sg sgrr gb n`o n`omt mtg`d g`dhd hdgmt gmtoo n `om `omhg hgho hornr rnr `o `omsg msg`ug `ugm` m`dn dn kg eg eg`eo `eoss g`omðhd g`om ðhd`os, `os, rgb rgbdjd djdosos osos,, eds edstðr tðrd`o d`os, s, pob pobètd ètd`os, `os, hèt hètd`o d`os, s, o dmk dmkdvd dvdkunb kunbgs. gs. Pdm ghc ghcnrjo nrjo,, bo encdtunb gs qug gb n`omtg`dhdgmto hotdvo kg `gbgcrn`dðm `omsdstn gm gb lgstgao kg umn `dr`umstnm`d `dr`ums tnm`dnn qug `ohcdmg bn vnrdgk vnrdgknk nk kg `nrn`tgrèstd`ns `nrn`tgrèstd`ns qug eghos gmuhgrnko. Yor tnmto, bn knmzn trnkd`domnb gs um gvgmto so`dnb qug sg orjnmdzn pnrn `gbgcrnr sdtun`domgs kg hnjmdtuk gm bn vdkn kg bns pgrsomns.

¿^WÄ DHY ¿^WÄ DHYOS[ OS[NM@ NM@DN DN EN [GM [GMDKO DKO BN KNMQN GM BN G\OBW@DÐM KGB PGS EWHNMO? Bn knmzn gs umn kg bns gxprgsdomgs kg nrtg hîs nmtdjuns kg bn euhnmdknk y qug `omsdstg gm gb hovdhdgmto rèthd`o kgb `ugrpo euhnmo nso`dnko n bn hñsd`n. Kurnmtg gsn bnrjn edstordn gb eohcrg bn en pugsto gm prî`td prî`td`n `n gm kdvgrsos `omtg `omtgxtos xtos y `dr`um `dr`umstnm`d stnm`dns ns `ohoo sgr `oh sgr11 rd rdtu tunb nbgs, gs, `gb `gbgc gcrn` rn`do domg mgs, s, `om `om`u `urso rsos, s, gspg`tî`ubos, gmtrg otros, y su hdsdðm en os`dbnko gm gb gmtrgtgmdhdgmto, bn hnmdlgstn`dðm `ubturnb y bn gxprgsdðm kg sgmtdhdgmtos. [dgmg um dhportnmtg `ohpomgmtg `ubturnb, gs kg`dr, `nkn bujnr kgb humko kdspomg kg su knmzn nutð`tomn y kg rglgrgm`dn, y kg hnmdlgstn`domgs kg bn hdshn vdm`ubnkns n bo popubnr, o `om hnyor lorhnbdknk.  T md encbnr kg bn dmlbugm`dn qug bn so`dgknk y `nkn äpo`n bg en nportnko n bn hdshn, sdgmko rgnbhgmtg huy kdlgrgmtgs sus kghostrn`domgs gm gb pnsnko sd sg bns `ohpnrn `om bn n`tunbdknk.

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BN KN KNMQ MQN N GM GM BN BN NM[ NM[DJ DJÒG ÒGKN KNK K  Kgskg gb Gjdpto kg bos Lnrnomgs enstn Kdomdsdo, bos bgjnkos gs`rdtos, bos cnaorrgbdgvgs, hosnd`os.

 

mos pgrhdtgm `omo`gr gb humko kg bn knmzn gm bns nmtdjuns `dvdbdzn`do `dvdbdzn`domgs mgs gjdp`dn, jrdgjn y rohnmn. Gm gb nmtdjuo Gjdpto, bns knmzns `grghomdnbgs lugrom dmstdtudkns por bos lnrnomgs. Gstns knmzns, qug `ubhdmncnm gm `grghomdns rgprgsgmtnmko bn hugrtg y bn rggm`nrmn`dðm kgb kdos Osdrds sg lugrom en`dgmko `nkn vgz hîs `ohpbgans enstn gb pumto kg qug sobo pokènm sgr  gag`utnkns por prolgsdomnbgs nbtnhgmtg `unbdld`nkos. Gm bn Jrg`dn nmtdjun, bn dmlbugm`dn kg bn knmzn gjdp`dn lug propd`dnkn por bos ldbðsolos qug encènm vdnanko n Gjdpt Gjdptoo pnrn nhpbdnr sus `omo`d `omo`dhdgmt hdgmtos. os. Gb ldbðsolo Ybntðm, `ntnbdznkor `ntnbdznkor kg gstns dmlbugm`dns, dmlbugm`dns, lug um dhport dhportnmtg nmtg tgðrd`o y vnbgko vnbgkorr kg bn knmzn jrdgjn. Bos rdtunb rdtunbgs gs kg bn knmzn kg bos Kdosgs y Kdosns kgb Ynmtgðm Jrdgjo enm sdko rg`omo`dkos `oho bos orèjgmgs kgb tgntro `omtghporîmgo o``dkgmtnb. Nbrgkgkor kg Kdomdsdo, gb kdos jrdgjo kgb vdmo y bn ghcrdnjugz (`omo`dko tnhcdäm `oho Cn`o), jrupos kg huagrgs bbnhnkns bbnhnkns hämnkgs dcnm kg mo`eg n bns homtn homtnþns þns komkg, cnao bos glg`tos glg` tos kgb vdm vdmo, o, `gb `gbgcrn gcrncnm cnm sus orjè orjèns ns `om knmz knmzns ns gxt gxtîtd îtd`ns `ns.. Gst Gstns ns knmz knmzns ns dm` dm`buè buènm, nm, gvgmtunbhgmt gvgmtun bhgmtg, g, hñsd`n y hdto hdtoss qug grnm rgprgsgm rgprgsgmtnkos tnkos por n`torgs y cndbnrdmgs gmtrgmnkos. gmtrgmnkos. N ldmnbgs kg sdjbo \ nmtgs kg @rdsto gstns knmzns `ohgmznrom n lorhnr pnrtg kg bn gs`gmn so`dnb y pobètd`n kg bn nmtdjun Jrg`dn. Gmtrg bos rohnmos, bn n`gptn`dðm kg bn knmzn por pnrtg kg bos pokgrgs pñcbd`os lug kg`nygmko. Enstn gb 399 n.@. bn knmzn lorhð pnrtg kg bns pro`gsdomgs rohnmns, lgstdvnbgs y `gbgcrn`domgs. Pdm ghcnrjo, n pnrtdr kgb >79 n.@. tokns bns gs`ugbns rohnmns kg cndbg `grrnrom sus pugrtns porqug bn mocbgzn rohnmn `omsdkgrð qug bn knmzn grn umn n`tdvdknk sospg`eosn g dm`buso pgbdjrosn. Kg tokos hokos, bn lugrzn kgb hovdhdgmto mo sg kgtuvo y cnao gb hnmknto kgb ghpgrnkor  Nuju Nu just stoo (; k.@ k.@.) .) su surjd rjdðð um umnn lor lorhn hn kg kn knmz mznn `o `omo` mo`dk dknn n` n`tu tunb nbhg hgmt mtgg `o `oho ho  pnmtohdhn o hèhd`n gm bn qug bn `ohumd`n`dðm sg gstncbg`g sdm pnbncrns, n trnväs kg gstdbdznkos jgstos y hovdhdgmtos y sg `omvdrtdð gm um bgmjunag mo vgrcnb gm bn hubtd`ubturnb Sohn. Bn `rdstdnmdzn`dðm kgb Dhpgrdo Sohnmo dmtrokuao umn mugvn grn gm bn qug gb `ugrpo, bn sgxunbdknk y bn knmzn rgsubtnrom umdkns y lugrom ocagto kg `omtrovgrsdn y `omlbd`tos.

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BN KNM NMQN QN GM BN BN GKN GKNK K HGK HGKDN DN 

Bn n`tdtuk kg bn Djbgsdn @rdstdnmn en`dn bn knmzn, n  pnrtdr kgb P D\ y kurnmtg tokn bn Gknk Hgkdn lug nhcdvnbgmtg. Yor um bnko, gm`omtrnhos gb rg`enzo kg bn knmzn `oho `ntnbdznkorn kg bn pgrhdsdvdknk sgxunb, bns`dvdn y äxtnsds por bèkgrgs kg bn Djbgsdn `ohoo P. Nj `oh Njust ustèm èm (0 (07;7;-;09 ;09)) `uy `uynn dm dmlb lbugm ugm`d `dnn `omtdmuð kurnmtg tokn bn Gknk Hgkdn. Yor otro bnko, bnk o, nmt nmtdju djuos os Ynk Ynkrgs rgs kg bn Djb Djbgsd gsdnn dmt dmtgmt gmtnrom nrom

 

dm`orpornr bns knmzns propdns kg bns trdcus kgb mortg, @gbtns, nmjbosnaomgs, Jnbos. gm bos `ubtos `rdstdnmos. Bns knmzns kg `gbgcr `gbgcrn`dðm n`dðm gstn`domnb gstn`domnb lugrom n hgmuko dm`orpornkns n bns ldgstn ldgstnss `rdstdnmns qug `odm`dkènm `om nmtdjuos rdtos kg ldm kgb dmvdgrmo y `gbgcrn`dðm kg bn lgrtdbdknk `om bn bbgjnkn kg bn prdhnvgrn. N prdm`dpdos kgb sdjbo DU @nrbohnjmo proedcdð bn knmzn, pgro gb  cnmko mo lug rgspgtnko. Bn knmzn `omtdmuð `oho pnrtg kg bos rdtos rgbdjdosos kg bos pugcbos guropgos, numqug `nhulbnkos `om mugvos mohcrgs y mugvos propðsdtos. Kurnmtg gstn äpo`n surjdð umn knmzn sg`rgtn bbnhnkn bn knmzn kg bn hugrtg, propd`dnkn por bn proedcd`dðm kg bn djbgsdn y bn npnrd`dðm kg bn Ygstg Mgjrn. Mn`dkn `oho knmzn sg`rgtn y gxtîsd`n kurnmtg bos sdjbos UD y UDD bn knmzn kg bn hugrtg `ohgmzð `oho rgspugstn rgspugstn n bn Ygstg Mgjrn qug hntð n hns kg 79 hdbbomgs kg pgrsomns gm 399 nþos. Gstn knmzn sg gxtgmkdð kgskg Nbghnmdn n Dtnbdn gm bos sdjbos UD\ y U\ y en sdko kgs`rdtn `oho umn knmzn n cnsg kg snbtos gm bn qug sg jrdtn y `omvubsdomn `om lurdn pnrn nrroanr bn gmlgrhgknk kgb `ugrpo.

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GB SGMN@DHDGM[O

Gb nkvgmdhdgmto kgb Sgmn`dhdgmto trnao umn mugvn n`tdtuk en`dn gb `ugrpo, bns nrtgs y bn knmzn. Bns `ortgs kg Dtnbdn y Lrnm`dn sg `omvdrtdgrom gm gb `gmtro kg mugvos kgsnrrobbos gm bn knmzn jrn`dns n bos hg`gmnzjos n bos hngstros kg bn knmz kn mznn y n bo boss hñ hñsd sd`o `oss qu qugg `r `rgn gnro romm jrnm jr nmkg kgss kn knmz mzns ns n gs gs`n `nbn bn so so`d `dnb nb qu qugg  pgrhdtdgrom bn probdlgrn`dðm kg bns `gbgcrn`domg `gbgcr n`domgss y lgstdv lgstdvdknkgs dknkgs.. Nb hdsho tdghpo bn knmzn sg `omvdrtdð gm ocagto kg gstukdos y um kg dmtgb dmtgbg`tunb g`tunbgs gs nutokg nutokgmohdmn mohdmnkos kos bngbYbäynkg rg`upgrnr gb sgrdos tgntro kg bosjrupo nmtdjuos jrdgjos, `ohcdmnmko bn hñsd`n, somdko ytrncnanrom bn knmzn.  pnrn Gm bn `ortg kg @ntnbdmn kg Hgkd`d (>7>4->754), bn gsposn dtnbdnmn kg Gmrdqug DD, mn`dgrom bns  prdhgrns lorhns kg Cnbbgt kg bn hnmo kgb jgmdnb j gmdnb hngstro Cnbtnsnr kg Cgnuygubx. Gm >75>, >75 >, Cnbtnsnr kdrdjdð gb prdhgr cnbbgt kg `ortg, umn knmzn dkgnbdznkn qug `ugmtn bn edstordn kg umn bgyg bg ygmkn mkn hè hètd td`n `n `o `ohc hcdm dmnm nmko ko tg tgxt xtos os en encb cbnko nkos, s, ho homt mtna nagg y vg vgst stun unrd rdoo gb gbnc ncorn ornkos kos y umn gstdbdznkn gstdb dznkn knmzn kg jrupo. Gm >5;>), Pwnm Bnfg (>547), y @ns`nmug`gs (>543). Nb hdsho tdghpo, bos pokgrgs pobètd`os kg Guropn `obomdznrom Îlrd`n, Nsdn y Yobdmgsdn komkg proedcdgrom y pgrsdjudgrom bns knmzns y bos tnhcorgs por `omsdkgrnrbos cnstos y sgxunbgs. Gstn dm`ohprgmsdðm kg bn knmzn gm otrns `ubturns pnrg`g `nhcdnr nb ldmnb kg bn Yrdhgrn Jugrrn Humkdnb y bns knmzns kg ordjgm nlrd`nmo y `nrdcgþo `rgnm mugvns lorhns kg knmzn gm Guropn y gm Nhärd`n.

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BN KN KNMQN GM GM GB GB PDJ PDJB BO UU UU

Kgspuäs kg bn D Jugrrn Humkdnb, bns nrtgs gm jgmgrnb en`gm um sgrdo `ugstdomnhdgmto kg vnborgs y cus`nm mugvns lorhns kg rglbganr bn gxprgsdðm dmkdvdkunb y um `nhdmo kg bn vdkn hîs kdmîhd`o. Gm Susdn surjg um rgmn`dhdgmto kgb cnbbgt propd`dnko por bos hîs crdbbnmtgs `orgðjrnlos, `ohposdtorgs, nrtdstns vdsunbgs y kdsgþnkorgs. Gm gstn ghprgsn `obncornrom jgmtgs `oho1 Nmn Yîvbov, @bnukg Kgcussy, Ptrnvdmsfd, Yncbo Yd`nsso… Ynrnbgbnhgmtg n bn rgvobu`dðm kgb Cnbbgt surjdgrom bns prdhgrns hnmdlgstn`domgs kg bns knmzns hokgrmns. @oho rgn``dðm n bos gstdbdznkos hovdhdgmtos kgb cnbbgt y nb projrgsdvo ghnm`dpnhdgmto kg bn huagr surjdð umn mugvn lorhn kg cndbnr qug potgm`dncn bn bdcrg gxprgsdðm. Wmn kg bns pdomgrns kg gstg hovdhdgmto lug Dsnkorn Kum`nm. N hgkdkn qug bn knmzn lug jnmnmko tgrrgmo, lug rohpdgmko tokns bns rgjbns.  Kgskg bos nþos 39 enstn mugstros kèns mugvns bdcgrtnkgs gm gb hovdhdgmto kgb `ugrpo lugrom bos kgtomnmtgs kgb `nhcdo kg bns n`tdtukgs en`dn gb `ugrpo. Bn hñsd`n `om dmlbugm`dns bntdmns, nlrd`nmns y `nrdcgþns dmspdrnrom bn probdlgrn`dðm kg bns snbns kg cndbg y kg bns knmzns `oho bn ruhcn, bn snhcn, gb tnmjo o gb `en `en. Gb rgmn`gr kgb Enrbgh propd`dð bn npnrd`dðm kg otrns knmzns `oho gb bdmky-eop. N pnrtdr kg bn kä`nkn kg bos 79 tohnrom gb rgbgvo otrns knmzns hîs dmkdvdkunbdstns `oho gb ro`ff nm ro` nmkk rob robb, b, gb tw twds dstt y gb bb bbnh nhnk nkoo lrg lrgg-s g-sty tybg bg66 bu bugj gjoo npn npnrg rg`d `dðð gb kd kds`o s`o kn knm`d m`dmj mj,, gb  crgnfknm`dmj. Bn Knmzn, `om hnyñs`u hnyñs`ubns, bns, sdjug lorhnmko pnrtg kg mugstrn mugstrnss vdkns nb djunb qug bo edzo gm bn kg mu mugst gstros ros nm nmtg tgpns pnsnko nkos. s. Gs nb nbjo jo vd vdvo vo qug gv gvob obu` u`do domn mn `om bo boss td tdgh ghpos pos,, pg pgro ro gs `omsustnm`dnb `om bn mnturnbgzn euhnmn.

 

¿@ÐHO MOP NTWKN BN KNMQN T YNSN ^WÄ? Bn gs gs umnumkggagr`d`do bns prî`td`ns nrtèstd`ns hîsnyukn nmtdjuns qug gxdstgm. Mo`ugrpo sobo gsy um nrtg, sdmo qugknmzn nkghîs `ohpbgto qug mos n hgaornr mugstro lortnbg`gr bn snbuk. Gmtrg bos prdm`dpnbgs cgmgld`dos qug mos nportn bn knmzn, ästos som bos hîs rgbgvnmtgs1

Lohgmtn bns rgbn`domgs so`dnbgs Bn knmzn lohgmtn bns rgbn`domgs `om bos kghîs. Bn knmzn gs umn n`tdvdknk so`dnb gm bn qug dmtgrn`tunhos `omtdmunhgmtg `om otrns pgrsomns. Nkghîs, sdrvg pnrn `omo`gr jgmtg mugvn y nhpbdnr gb `èr`ubo kg nhdstnkgs.

 Nbdvdn gb gsträs y bn nmsdgknk  Gb cnd cndbg bg bdc bdcgrn grn kopnhdmn kopnhdmn,, nkrg nkrgmnb mnbdmn dmn y morn mornkrgm krgmnbd nbdmn, mn, rgspomsncbgs kg bn bdcgrn`dðm kgb gsträs.. Yor gbbo, trns umn sgsdðm kg cndbg tg gm`omtrnrîs hu`eo hîs kgspganko y kg cugm euhor. Nkghîs, gbgvnr gb mdvgb kg gmkorldmns kg kgbb or orjn jnmd mdsh sho, o, bn kn knmz mznn `o `ohc hcnt ntgg bo boss gstn gs tnko koss kg kg kgpr prgs gsdð dðm, m, bn nmsdgknk y gb gsträs hgmtnb propor`domnmko umn jrnm sgmsn`dðm s gmsn`dðm kg cdgmgstnr.

 Hgaorn

bn

nutogstdhn Bn knmzn pugkg hgaornr mugstrn @omlorhg ghpdg`gs n nprgmkgr `orgojrnlèns, y bo bo sd sdgmtns hohgmto gm qug bo kdslrutgs, gs `om hnyor `omldnmzn gm sè kghostrnr qug kohdmns bn

nutogstdhn. pnsos mugvos, kohdmnko sg sgrî gb gb bn `bnvg pnrn sgmtdrsg hdsho y pokgr   sdtun`dðm.

 Nyukn n bn hghordn y bn snbuk hgmtnb  Pgjñm vnrdos gstukdos, bn knmzn prgvdgmg bn kghgm`dn kghgm`dn y  y otrn gmlgrhgknkgs kgjgmgrntdvns, lortnbg lortnbg`g `g bn hghor hghordn dn y bn `om`gmtrn`dðm y `om`gmtrn`dðm y `udkn kg bn n`tdvdknk `grgcrnb.

 

Bos gagr`d`dos ngrðcd`os qug sg rgnbdznm gm gb cndbg lrgmnm bn pärkdkn kg vobuhgm gm bn pnrtg kgb `grgcro qug `omtrobn bn hghordn.

Lortnbg`g gb `ugrpo y nyukn n `omtrobnr gb pgso Gs umn kg sus jrnmkgs vgmtnans. Jrn`dns nb gagr`d`do ngrðcd` ngrð cd`o, o, sg tr trnc ncna nanm nm bo boss hñ hñs` s`ub ubos os y sg pd pdgr grkg kgm m `nborèns. por gbbo gs umn jrnm nbdnkn kg bns kdgtns kg nkgbjnznhdgmto y kg nqugbbns pgrsomns qug qudgrgm hnmtgmgrsg gm su pgso kg lorhn kdvgrtdkn.

 Cgmgld`dos kg bn knmzn gm bos mdþos Gm bos mdþos hgaorn su `omldnmzn, `ohcntg bn ocgsdknk y kgsnrrobbn bn `oorkdmn`dðm `orpornb y hgmtnb, gmtrg otros  cgmgld`dos. Nyukn nb kgsnrrobbo kg bn `oorkdmn`dðm kg bos hovdhdgmtos. 

       

@orrdjg procbghns `oho gb pdg pbnmo.

@ohcntdr bn ocgsdknk dmlnmtdb. Kgsnrrobbn bn hghordn, bn gxprgsdðm `orpornb y gb gqudbdcrdo lèsd`o y hgmtnb. Gmsgþn kds`dpbdmn. Kgsnrrobbn bn sgmsdcdbdknk kg bos hîs pgqugþos. Lohgmtn bn so`dnbdzn`dðm. Sgbnan y kdshdmuyg gb gsträs. Hgaorn bn `omldnmzn kg bos mdþos gm sè hdshos.

¿^WÄ KNMQNP PG ENM @OMO@DKO N BO BNSJO KGB [DGHYO? Gm bn n`tunbdknk gxdstgm vnrdos tdpos kg knmzns, tnbg tn bgss `o `oho ho bn bnss kn knmz mzns ns ‒n ‒nrt rtès èstd td`n `ns‘ s‘ qu qugg so somm  pugstns gm gs`gmn gm tgntros y kdvgrsos gvgmtos `ubturnbgs, gm bos qug bn knmzn gstî hîs gmlo`nkn gm bn gxprgsdðm kgb nrtg por gb nrtg, (`oho gm bns knmzns ncstrn`tns y bns dmtgrprgtntdvns), o `oho bns knmzns trnkd`domnbgs y lobfbðrd`ns kg kdvgrsns rgjdomgs gmtrg otrns qug gstîm hîs gmlo`nkns, yn sgn gm bn trnmshdsdðm y `omsgrvn`dðm kg rnsjos

 

`ubtur `ubturnbgs nbgs propdos kg umn rgjdðm, nsè `oho n bn ‒kdvg ‒kdvgrsdðm‘ rsdðm‘ o gmtrgt gmtrgtgmdhd gmdhdgmto, gmto, `oho en`gm nbjumns knmzns nbgjrgs trnkd`domnbgs. Gm bn n`tunbdknk hu`ens knmzns trnkd`domnbgs sdjugm gag`utîmkosg, n bn pnr qug bns mugvns vgrtdgmtgs knm`èstd`ns. Nbjumos tdpos kg knmzns1

 

KNMQNP N@NKÄHD N@NKÄHD@NP @NP

Gs nq nqug ugbb bbnn qu qugg sg `n `nrn rn`t `tgrd grdzn zn por porqu qugg sg en enmm `r `rgn gnko ko häto hä tokos kos kg gms gmsgþn gþnmz mznn pnr pnrnn su np nprgm rgmkd kdzn znag ag,, y gst gstîm îm‘‘ rgjbnhgmtnkos‘ y sdstghntdznkos enstn `dgrto pumto bos  pnsos o hovdhdgmtos n rgnbdznr.

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Cnbbgt 

Gb cnbbgt, cnbbgt, knmzn n`nkähd`n, knmzn `bîsd`n o cnbä gs um tdpo kg knmzn y tnhcdäm gb mohcrg kg bn tä`md`n `orrgspomkdgmtg. Pgjñm bns äpo`ns, bos pnèsgs o bnsy tgntro, `orrdgmtgs y gb gspg`tî`ubo, gxprgsdðm nrtèstd`n pugkg dm`budr1 knmzn, hèhd`n, pgrsomns y hnqudmnrdn.gstn   Gs umn lorhn kg knmzn `uyos hovdhdgmtos sg cnsnm gm gb `omtrob totnb y ncsobuto kgb `ugrpo, gb `unb sg kgcg gmsgþnr kgskg tghprnmn gknk. Pg rg`ohdgmkn dmd`dnr bos gstukdos kg gstn knmzn `bîsd`n n bos sgds o sdgtg nþos, yn qug gb cnbbgt gs umn kds`dpbdmn qug rgqudgrg `om`gmtrn`dðm y `npn`dknk pnrn gb gslugrzo `oho n`tdtuk y lorhn kg vdkn.

 

KNMQNP KNM QNP @BÎPD@N @BÎP D@NP P

Gs nqu quggbbn qug tdgmg su ord rdjjgm gm Guro roppn, hîs `om`rgtnhgmtg gm bos cndbgs `ortgsnmos kg bn mocbgzn, `oho kdstrn``dðm y kdvgrsdðm pnrn gsn `bnsg so`dnb. N gstg tdpo kg knmzn sg bg lugrom njrgjnmko rgjbnhgmtn`domgs o bdmgnhdgmt bdmgn hdgmtos, os, cus`nmko um pgrlg``d pgrlg``domnhdg omnhdgmto mto gm `unmto n bn lorhn kg bn gag`u`dðm kg bos cndbgs, n`orkgs `om bos tdghpos kgtgrhdmnkos por bn hñsd`n. 

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Lbnhgm`o

Gb cndbg lbnhgm`o pugkg n`ohpnþnr kdstdmtos pnbos. Pu rgnbdzn`dðm gs sdhdbnr n um gagr`d`do lèsd`o hokgrnko. Pg `omo`g `oho pnbo n "`nkn umn kg bns vnrdgknkgs trnkd`domnbgs kgb `nmtg lbnhgm`o". Bos pnbos pugkgm `bnsdld`nrsg sdjudgmko vnrdos `rdtgrdos1 Pgjñm sgn su `ohpîs, su aomkurn, su `nrî`tgr sgrdo o lgstgro, su ordjgm jgojrîld`o gt`.

 

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Sgbdjdosn Bn knmzn rgbdjdosn gs um tdpo kg knmzn kg pnrtd`dpn`dðm, gs kg`dr qug mo rgqudgrg kg gspg`tnkorgs yn qug dmtgmtn `rgnr, gm gstg `nso, um vèm`ubo `om bo kdvdmo. @oho su ocagtdvo gs bn pnrtd`dpn`dðm hnsdvn, sus pnsos sugbgm sgr rgpgtdtdvos y lî`dbgs kg nprgmkgr.

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Knmzn kgb vdgmtrg Gs umn knmzn qug `ohcdmn gbghgmtos trnkd`domnbgs kg Ordgmtg Hgkdo aumto `om otros kgb Mortg kg Îlrd`n. Bos rnfs `enrqud dm`buyg hovdhdgmtos kgb lob`borg gjdp`do, knmzn `bîsd`n y `omtghporîmgn, `om jrnmkgs kgspbnznhdgmtos, vugbtns y hovdhdgmtos kg tokns bns pnrtgs kgb `ugrpo, pgro socrg toko kg bn `nkgrn.

 

KNMQNP HOKGSMNP Gstn knmzn surjg `oho umn rgn``dðm n bns lorhns `bîsd`ns kgb Cnbbgt cus`nmko gm `dgrtn lorhn umn hnyor gxprgsdðm hgkdnmtg bos hovdhdgmtos, pnrn bn gxprgsdðm kg bos sgmtdhdgmtos g dkgns, usnmko umn nhpbdn`dðm kg bos hovdhdgmtos qug sg usncnm gm gb cn cnbb bbgt gt `b `bîs îsdd`o `o,, pg pgro ro tgm gmddgm gmko ko nñ nñmm um umnn `omtdmun`dðm kgb cnbbgt gm sus lorhns y hovd ho vdhd hdgm gmttos os,, sd sdmm gh ghcn cnrj rjo, o, sg `n `nh hcd cdnm nm bo boss vgstunrdos `om bos qug sg rgnbdznm bns knmzns y sg  cus`nm hnyorgs posdcdbdknkgs gxprgsdvns kgmtro kgb gspn`do kg cndbg. 

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Auhpstybg Gstg cndbg gs ordjdmnrdo Cäbjd`n, pnrn bn hñsd`n sg ghpbgnm `ortgs gbg`trðmd`os. Bos  cndbnrdmgs kg k g gstn knmzn rgnbdznm umn um n sgrdg sgr dg kg snbtos `om bns pumtns pum tns kg bos pdgs (`oho sd pntgnrnm nb ndrg) y hovdhdgmtos rîpdkos `om bns hnmos, kg neè su mohcrg.

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Hoomwnbf Gstg cndbg sg edzo nhpbdnhgmtg `omo`dko `om gb `nmtnmtg Hd`engb An`fsom. Ghpbgn umn sgrdg kg pnsos komkg bos pdgs mo sg kgspgjnm kgb pdso por bo qug proku`g umn sgmsn`dðm kg kgsbdznhdgmto kgb cndbnrèm. Ynrn cndbnr gstg tdpo kg cndbg sdm kukn sg rgqudgrg kg hu`eo gqudbdcrdo, kdso`dn`dðm kgb `ugrpo y `oorkdmn`dðm.

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Anzz lumf Gb anzz lumf gs umn vnrdncbg kgb anzz, ghpbgn hovdhdgmtos `ortnkos y somdkos gbg`trðmd`os. Pg pugkg cndbnr sobo o gm pnrgan. Gstg cndbg lug gb prdhgro gm komkg snbdgrom n buz bos somdkos gbg`trðmd`os.

 

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Peullbg Gstn knmzn sg popubnrdzð n hgkdnkos kg bos nþos 59» gm umn kds`otg`n Nustrnbdnmn. Pus hovdhdgmtos sg `gmtrnm gm bos pdgs, eny kgsbdznhdgmtos por gb pdso y sg hugvgm kg lorhn nbgntordn por kdlgrgmtgs bnkos. [rdcnb Gstg tdpo kg cndbg tdgmg sus orèjgmgs gm Häxd`o. Pg edzo `omo`dko porqug sus cndbnrdmgs ghpbgnm cotns `om putn cdgm bnrjn  pnrn glg`tunr bn knmzn. @om snbtos pgqugþos sg hugstrn bn kgstrgzn kg bos pdgs qug gm`ugmtrnm `dgrtn kdld`ubtnk por bn lorhn nmtdmnturnb kg bos znpntos ghpbgnkos.

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Gbg`tro knm`g Gstg tdpo kg knmzn ghpbgn `ortgs purnhgmtg gbg`trðmd`os kg hñsd`n. Gs huy kdstdmtdvn bn vgstdhgmtn qug bbgvnm bns pgrsomns qug cndbnm gstg rdtho y gs cnstnmtg `ohñm qug bbgvgm bgmtgs kg sob pugstos. Ghpbgnm hovdhdgmtos kg crnzos cnstnmtg sugbtos qug sdjugm bèmgns rg`tns, `oho sd lorhnrnm ldjurns jgohätrd`ns.

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Lumfy Gstn gs umn knmzn qug tdgmg orèjgmgs gm bos nþos 449 gm Yugrto Sd`o, mn`g y surjg n rnèz kg bn `ohumdknk  anhnd`nmn `uyos nm`gstros bbgjnrom n Ynmnhî, aumto n dmhdjrnmtgs kg ns`gmkgm`dn nlro-nmtdbbnmn kurnmtg gb sdjbo UU.

 

KNMQNP @OM[GHYOS @OM[GHYOSÎMGNP ÎMGNP

Gstg tdpo kg knmzn mo sg cnsn gm gb cnbbgt `bîsd`o `bîsd`o por  bo qug mo tdgmg bn rdjdkgz kg hovdhdgmtos qug gb  cnbbgt posgg y `ohpnrtg `om bn knmzn hokgrmn. Hgkd Hg kdnm nmtg tg bn kn knmz mznn `o `omt mtgh ghpo porî rîmg mgnn sg cu cus` s`nn bn gxprgsdðm hîxdhn kg bos sgmtdhdgmtos, hdshos qug som gxpugstos hgkdnmtg bos hovdhdgmtos kgb `ugrpo,  cus`nmko qug `om bos hovdhdgmtos kgb cndbnrèm sg gxprgsg umn dkgn, umn gho`dðm o sgmtdhdgmto, usnmko hovdhdgmtos huy glusdvos gm `unmto n su gag`u`dðm, `ohc `o hcddmn mnmk mkoo nb nbju jumo moss hov ovddhdg dgmt mtos os `b `bîs îsdd`o `os, s, trnkd`domnbgs y propdos kg bns knmzns n`tunbgs, nsè `oho kg bn hèhd`n. Pd cdgm sugbg gstnr  n`ohpnsnkn `om bn hñsd`n, pugkg rgnbdznrsg sdm gbbn, gm gspg`dnb gm bn kgmohdmnkn knmzn ncstrn`tn. Gm o`nsdomgs sugbgm utdbdznrsg `oho `ohpbghgmtos kg bn gxprgsdðm knm`èstd`n, dhîjgmgs kg lomko g dm`buso vdkgos proyg`tnkos. 

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Bèrd`n

 

Pg nsghgan n bn knmzn `omtg `omtghporîmg hporîmgn, n, numqug `ugmtg `om gbghg gbghgmtos mtos kdlgrgm`dnkorgs kdlgrgm`dnkorgs qug bn en`gm sgr umn kds`dpbdmn dmkgpgmkdgmtg. Gm bn Bèrd`n, bos cndbnrdmgs y cndbnrdmns sg dm dmspd spdrnm rnm gm bn bg bgtr trnn kg um umnn `n `nm`d m`dðm ðm o hñ hñsd sd`n `n dm dmst stru ruhg hgmt mtnb nb pnr pnrnn gx gxprg prgsn snrsg rsg `orpornbhgmtg.

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Anzz Pg trntn kg um hovdhdgmto surjg, nb kgs`rdcdr djunb qugbnsbnknmzns knmzn `omtghporîmgn, gm bos dmd`doskgkgbcndbg sdjbopopubnr UU. Pgqug ghpbgn pnrn  prn`td`nkns cnao umn rèthd`n sdm`opnkn.

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Nlro` o`oomtg tgh hpo porrîmgo Yokghos kgldmdr bn kds`dpbdmn nlro`omtghporîmgn `oho nqugb gstdbo qug lusdomn knmzns kg ordjgm nlrd`nmo `om kdlgrgmtgs tä`md`ns kg knmzn `omtghporîmgn. Gm bn n`tunbdknk, sg hnmtdgmgm bos nspg`tos ordjdmnbgs kg tä`md`n, hovdhdgmto y rdtho, numqug pdgrkg gb sgmtdko kg rdtunb.

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@bîsd`o Ynrn nbjumos edstordnkorgs, bn knmzn `bîsd`n gs bn hnkrg kg tokns bns knmzns. [dgmg su ordjgm gm Guropn, gm bos cndbgs `ortgsnmos kg bn rgnb mocbgzn, `oho kdvgrtdhgmto pnrn gstn `bnsg so`dnb. Pg sdjug `omsdkgrnmko eoy gm kèn um gaghpbo kg gx`gbgm`dn nrtèstd`n.

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Nlro`ucnmo Bn knmzn nlro`ucnmn pro`gkg kg bn hgz`bn kg bns knmzns kg bos gs`bnvos kg Îlrd`n, qug prdvnkos kg su bdcgrtnk, lugrom trnmsportnkos nb @nrdcg, y gm gstg `nso n @ucn. Ordjdmnbhgmtg, gstn kds`dpbdmn umèn gbghgmtos rgbdjdosos `om bos lgstdvos.

 

KNMQNP [SNKD@D [SNKD@DOMNBGP OMNBGP

Pom kn knmz mzns ns tr trnk nkd` d`do domnb mnbgs gs to tokn knss nqu nqugb gbbn bnss qug sg trn rnms msh hdt dtgm gm po porr tr trnk nkd` d`ddðm kg jg jgmg mgrn rn`d `dðm ðm gm jgmgrn`dðm, y n su vgz lorhnm pnrtg kgb dhnjdmnrdo g dkgmtdknk `ubturnb kg umn `ohumdknk o rgjdðm gspg`èld`n, tdgmgm por bo `ohñm um ordjgm rdtunb. Kgmtro kg bns knmzns trnkd`domnbgs sg gm`ugmtrnm bns lobfbðrd`ns, bns rgjdomnbgs y bns popubnrgs. 

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Lbnhgm`o

Gs umn kg bns knmzns hîs `omo`dkns kg bn knmzn gspnþobn qug sg prgsgmtn gm kos vnrdnmtgs1 hñsd`n y cndbg. Gm bn hñsd`n, gb `nmto y bn judtnrrn o`upnm gb pnpgb lumknhgmtnb, numqug gxdstgm otros dmstruhgmtos (lumk (lu mknh nhgm gmtn tnbh bhgmt gmtgg kg pg pgr` r`usd usdðm ðm)) y n`o n`ohp hpnþ nþnh nhdg dgmt mtos os (` (`oh ohoo bn bnss pn pnbh bhns) ns) qu qugg jgmgrnbhgmtg gstîm prgsgmtgs y augjnm um pnpgb huy dhportnmtg.

 

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[nmjo Gb tnmjo mn`g n ldmnbgs kgb sdjbo UDU gm Cugmos Ndrgs, tgmdgmko postgrdorhgmtg jrnm äxdt äx dtoo gm Gu Guro ropn pn.. Bn hg hgbo bokè kènn pr prov ovgm gmèn èn kg bn lb lbnu nutn tn,, gb vd vdob obèm èm y bn ju judt dtnr nrrn rn.. Yostgrdorhgmtg, bn lbnutn lug rgghpbnznkn por gb ‒cnmkomgðm‘.

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Ordgmtnb Bn knmzn kgb vdgmtrg gs umn knmzn hdbgmnrdn. [dgmg su ordjgm gm Gjdpto, komkg sg  cndbncn gm bos tghpbos, `oho ` oho pnrtg p nrtg kgb `ubto n bn lgrtdbdknk euhnmn, kg bn tdgrrn, y bn nkorn`dðm n bos kdosgs.

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Mortdmos Bos cn Bos cndb dbgs gs mo mort rtdm dmos os so somm um umnn kg bn bnss gx gxpr prgs gsdo domg mgss lu lumk mknh nhgm gmtn tnbg bgss ku kurn rnmt mtgg bn bnss `gbgcrn`domgs kg bns vnrdnkns lgstdvdknkgs rgbdjdosns gm bns qug bos encdtnmtgs kg bn zomn pnrtd`dpnm gmtusdnstnhgmtg gm rgpgtdkns o`nsdomgs kurnmtg gb nþo.

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Pom [r [rnkd`domnb Wmo kg bos cndbgs tèpd`os kg Juntghnbn hîs popubnrgs gs gb som trnkd`domnb. Gb som sg rg`omo`g, qug sg to`nkg`om umo kg bos sèhcobos husd`nbgs pntrdos kgbkgpnès1 bn hnrdhcn. [nhcdäm gsynn`ohpnþnko kdlgrgmtgs dmstruhgmtos `ugrkns, `oho bn judtnrrn, gb vdobèm o gb nrpn, `om rdtho bdcrg y hätrd`o.

 

KNMQNP LOBFBÐSD LOBFBÐSD@NP @NP

Pom nq Pom nqug ugbbbns qu qugg rg rglb lbga ganm nm y `o `oms msgr grvn vnmm bn bnss `ostuhcrgs y trnkd`domgs kg bns rgjdomgs komkg sg  prn`td`nm, `omsgrvnmko sus gbghgmtos ordjdmnbgs tnmto gm bn knmzn gm sè, `oho gm `unmto n bn ropn, y kghîs pnrnlgrmnbdn utdbdznkn pnrn su gag`u`dðm. Gs trn trnmshd mshdtd tdkn kn kg jgmg jgmgrn`d rn`dðm ðm gm jgmg jgmgrn`d rn`dðm ðm y rgprgsgmtnm umo kg bos rnsjos `ubturnbgs kg um  pugcbo o `ubturn. Gb tdpo kg vgstdhgmtn, hñsd`n hñs d`n y  cndbg, kgpgmkg kg bns trnkd`domgs lobfbðrd`ns  propdns kg bn bo`nbdknk. 

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Knmzn kg kg bos Hd`os Gm bn edstordn, umos egrhnmos jghgbos sg `omvdgrtgm gm homos `oho `nstdjo por bn gmvdkdn qug sgmtènm por sus egrhnmos hnyorgs. Gb cndbg `ugmtn `om um postg kg 07  pdgs grjudko kgbnmtg kg umn djbgsdn6 gb cndbnrèm qug dmtgrprgtn n umo kg bos hd`os kgcg gqudbdcrnrsg gm um pgknzo kg `ugrkn ntnko gmtrg gb postg y bn djbgsdn.

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Knmzn kg kg bn bn @o @omqudstn

 

En`g rglgrgm`dn kg bn hugrtg kg [g`ñm Whîm, qudgm hurdð vnbdgmtghgmtg gm bn cntnbbn hdgmtrns trntncn kg protgjgr n su pugcbo. Gb otro pgrsomnag gs Ygkro kg Nbvnrnko, gb `omqudstnkor kg Juntghnbn.

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Knmzn kg bos \g \gm mnko koss Kdrdjdkn Kdrdj dkn por um sn`grkotg hnyn, `ugmtn `om 3< cndbnrdmgs, cndbnrdmgs, `om umn sobn hnrdhcn qug  propor`domn bn hñsd`n, hñs d`n, y rgprgsgmtn bn bu`en gmtrg bos sgrgs s grgs euhnmos y bos nmdhnbgs. @unmko bn knmzn en tgrhdmnko, `ohdgmzn umn ldgstn y n tokos bos dmvdtnkos sg bgs olrg`g `nrmg.

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Knmzn kg kg bo bos \n \nqug ugrros Gb cndbg en`g rglgrgm`dn gx`busdvnhgmtg gx`busdvnhgmtg n trnkd` trnkd`domgs domgs gspnþobns, qug sg dmtrokuagrom dmtrokuagrom gm Juntghnbn gm bn sgjumkn hdtnk kgb sdjbo U\D y sg `omsdkgrn umn knmzn sntèrd`n.

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Knmzn kg kg bo bos Hg Hgxd`nm nmoos Gb cndbg sg rgnbdzncn gm Häxd`o, kgspuäs kg nkoptð gm @ednpns y sg dmtrokuao gm Juntghnbn. [ohð nbjumns mugvns `nrn`tgrèstd`ns, `oho pdstobns gm bos `dmturomgs kg bos cndbnrdmgs y `dmturomgs kg `nrtu`eos ntnkos n trnväs kg su pg`eo.

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Knmznn kg Knmz kg bos bos Yn Yns` s`nr nrdm dmgs gs Gs kg ordjgm `obomdnb edspnmo y `ugmtn bn edstordn nkñbtgrn kg kos pnstorgs qug bu`enm  por umn huagr.

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Knmznn kg Knmz kg Hor Horos os y @rd @rdst stddnm nmos os Gb cndbg rg`ugrkn bn bu`en gspnþobn `omtrn bos îrncgs y kgstn` kgstn`nn gb pokgr kg Kdos, qug bgs pgrhdtdð prgvnbg`gr `omtrn bos horos. Bn knmzn tdgmg bujnr trnkd`domnbhgmtg gb 09 kg aumdo.

 

KNMQNP SGJDOMN SGJDOMNBGP BGP

Pom pnrtg kg bns knmzns lobfbðrd`ns pgro tdgmgm umn pnrtd`ubnrdknk, qug gs bn nknptn`dðm n umn kgtgrhdmnkn rgjdðm y gstdbo propdo, gmtg gm tgmkd mkdäm ämkos kosgg kg gst gsto, o, qug bn kn knmzn mzn qu qugg gs gag`utnkn gm `dgrtn rgjdðm kg um bujnr, tdgmg kdvg kd vgrs rsns ns vn vnrd rdn` n`do domg mgss (g (gmm bn hñ hñsd sd`n `n o gm bn vgst vg stddhg hgmt mtn) n) nb sg sgrr ga gag` g`ut utnk nknn gm bu bujn jnrg rgss `gr`nmos, por bo qug bn hdshn knmzn kdldgrg gm `dgrtn hgkdkn, `om rgspg`to n bn hdshn knmzn gag`utnkn gm umn u otrn rgjdðm, por bo qug bns hdshns knmzns vnm nkqudrdgmko `om gb tdghpo tdmtgs bo`nbgs propdos qug vnrènm kg rgjdðm gm rgjdðm.

 

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Knmzn kg bos homos Nb dj djun unbb qu qugg bn kn knmz mznn kg bo boss vg vgmn mnko kos, s, bn kn knmz mznn kg bo boss ho homo moss gs kg or ordj djgm gm  prgedspîmd`o. Gstg cndbg trnkd`domnb en`g rglgrgm`dn n um hdto pgrtgmg`dgmtg nb Yopub \ue, gb bdcro snjrnko kg bos hnyns, qug `ugmtn bn edstordn kg kos egrhnmos jghgbos qug n `nusn kg su gmvdkdn lugrom trnmslorhnkos gm homos por sus egrhnmos hnyorgs.

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Knmzn kg kg bo bos 3; 3; kd kdncbos Gb cndbg kg bos 3; kdncbos gs tèpd`o kg @duknk \dgan, Juntghnbn. Gstn knmzn sg bbgvn n `nco gm kd`dghcrg y `omsdstg gm um jrupo kg kdncbos qug rg`orrgm bns `nbbgs kgb  pugcbo gm cus`n kg nbhns hnr`nkns por gb pg`nko. Gb cndbg rgprgsgmtn bn bu`en gmtrg bns lugrzns kgb cdgm y kgb hnb.

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Knmznn kg bo Knmz boss Un Un`n `nbb`o `oag agss Bn knmzn kg bos Un`nb`oags gs kg ordjgm `obomdnb6 gstg cndbg kgsnrrobbn gb tghn kg bn rgsurrg``dðm kg Agsu`rdsto. Bn knmzn sg glg`tñn gm Pghnmn Pnmtn y `ohdgmzn gb sîcnko snmto, `unmko bos cndbnrdmgs `ohdgmznm n bbornr por bn hugrtg kg Agsñs.

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Knmzn kg kg bn bn `u `ubgcrn Yrn`td`nkn por bos f—d`egs kurnmtg sus ldgstns pntromnbgs, gstn knmzn tdgmg um ordjgm

 prgedspîmd`o. - Kn Knmz mznn kg kgbb Sn Sncd cdmn mnbb N` N`eè  eè  Ocrn Hngstrn kg bn trnkd`dðm Ornb g Dmtnmjdcbg kg bn Euhnmdknk, gs umn knmzn propdn kg Juntghnbn kg ordjgm prgedspîmd`o, `om`rgtnhgmtg kg bn äpo`n hnyn.

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Knmzn kg kg bo bos jd jdjnmt mtggs Yropdn kg @edhnbtgmnmjo y Pobobî, gs umn knmzn rgprgsgmtnkn kurnmtg bns ldgstns  pntromnbgs. Gm gbbn kos pnrgans kg eohcrg y huagr, eg`eos kg `nrtðm, som gbgvnkos y hovdkos nb rdtho kgb somdko kg bn hnrdhcn.

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Knmzn kg kg Bn Ynn`e Yntrdhomdo @ubturnb Dmhntgrdnb kg bn Euhnmdknk, sg trntn kg um cndbg kg `nrî`tgr  njrè`obn kgkd`nko nb ‒`ubto qugYgkro sg glg`tuncn gm bn äpo`n kg `osg`en. Gs kg trnkd`dðm f—d`eg— y sg kgb bbgvnhnèz‘, n `ncordtunb gm Pnm Pn`ntgpäqugz.

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Knmznn kg bn Knmz bnss ju jun` n`nh nhny nyns ns @omo`dkn tnhcdäm `oho Hnn—huum, gs kg trnkd`dðm f—d`eg y sg rgprgsgmtn gb 0 kg hnyo gm bn bo`nbdknk kg Pnmtn @ruz \grnpnz. Nb rdtho kgb tum y bns trohpgtns, vnrdos  pgrsomnags vgstdkos `om `o m trnags trnkd`domnbgs cndbnm c ndbnm hdgmtrns rgprgsgmtnm bn edstordn kg F—d`eg— Zdmnq.

 

KNMQNP YOYWBNSGP

 

Pom knmzns jgmgrnbhgmtg trnkd`domnbgs, qug posggm umn `ommotn`dðm kg èmkobg popubnr, gmtgmkdämkosg gstn `oho su uso o gag`u`dðm gm lgstdvdknkgs mo sobo rgbdjdosns, sdmo  prolnmns, `om umn tgmkgm`dn huy jrnmkg jr nmkg n bn kdvgrsdðm kg qudgmgs bn gag`utnm o bn ocsgrvnm. ocs grvnm.

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Cn`entn Gstg gs um gstdbo kg cndbg rohîmtd`o qug sg ordjdmn gm bn Sgpñcbd`n Kohdmd`nmn. Bn Cn`entn gs um po`o sdhdbnr nb Hgrgmjug.

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Costom \grsdðm bgmtn kgb vnbs popubnr `oho cndbg kg snbðm gm bos Gstnkos Wmdkos. Pg bg `omo`g tnhcdäm `oho vnbs dmjbäs.

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@nfgwnbf   Cndbg pgsnko y hovdko, kg ordjgm mgjro mortgnhgrd`nmo, popubnr n prdm`dpdos kgb sdjb sd jboo UU. Gb mo moh hcr crgg vd vdgm gmgg kg bo boss pn pnst stgb gbgs gs qu qugg sg kn kncn cnmm `o `oho ho pr prgh ghddo gm `ohpgtd`domgs (gm dmjbäs, pnstgb 8 `nfg).

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@nm`îm Gspg`tî`ubo kg cndbg popubnr gm bn Lrnm`dn kgb sdjbo UDU, dmtgrprgtnko por cndbnrdmns y  propdo kg `ncnrgts.

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@nrhnþobn Cndbg nbgjrg dmtgrprgtnko gm umn `nkgmn, `oho bn lnrnmkobn . Yopubnr kurnmtg bn Sgvobu`dðm lrnm`gsn.

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@bnquä Gm su ordjgm, `bnsg kg cndbg gm gb qug gb cndbnrèm bbgvn zug`os, znpntos kg hnkgrn o znpntos kg jrugsns sugbns kg hnkgrn. Yrovdgmg kg bos cndbgs lobfbðrd`os `ohumgs `unmko `un mko bos `nh `nhpgsd pgsdmos mos bbg bbgvnc vncnm nm zug zug`os. `os. N`t N`tunb unbhgm hgmtg tg sg utd utdbd bdzn zn gm gspg gspg`tî `tî`ub `ubos os husd`nbgs o kg vnrdgknkgs. -

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@omjn  Cndbg kg snbðm, dmd`dnko gm @ucn, qug `oms `o msds dstg tg gm tr trgs gs pn pnso soss en en`d `dnn kg kgbn bnmt mtgg sgjudkos kg umn pntnkn bntgrnb. Jgmgrnbhgmtg sg cndbn gm bèmgn, y `nkn  cndbnrèm `ojdgmko bn `dmturn kg bn  pgrsomn qug vn kgbnmtg.

@omtrnknmzn Cndbg `nhpgstrg kgb sdjbo U\DDD, cndbnko  por um mñhgro pnr kg pnrgans `obo`nkns gm bèmgns umn gmlrgmtg kg bn otrn o gm `èr`ubo. Pg knm gm tokn Guropn. Pom huy `omo`dkns bns `omtrnknmzns dmjbgsns. -

@otdbbðm

 

Cndbg so`dnb popubnr gm sdjbos pnsnkos, gm gb qug vnrdns pnrgans aumtns sg hugvgm lorhnmko `ohpbd`nkns ldjurns.

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@ournmtg Cndbg kg `ortg kgb sdjbo U\DD, qug `omsdstg, prdm`dpnbhgmtg, gm `ortos pnsos en`dn kgbnmtg y en`dn ntrîs. N`tunbhgmtg sg `omsgrvn `oho knmzn trnkd`domnb gm gb Pur kg Lrnm`dn.

09.

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@en`omn Cndb Cn dbgg nb nbgj gjrg, rg, kg kgsgm sgmlnk lnknk nkoo y gm o` o`nsd nsdom omgs gs ntrg nt rgvd vdko ko,, cn cnsn snko ko gm lo lorh rhns ns gs gspn pnþo þobbns o dtnbdnmns, y popubnr gmtrg bn mocbgzn kgb sdjbo U\DDD.

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@enrbgstðm Cndbg so`dnb nbgjrg g dm`omtrobnko por pnrgans, nb `oh `ohpîs pîs kg kgbb pr prdh dhgr gr an anzz zz,, `o `omm `oh `ohpb pbga gaos os  pnsos, pntnkns, gt`. Yopubnr gm bos nþos 39 y

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@enssä [ärhdmo pnrn kgsdjmnr um pnso rgscnbnkdzo, gm gb qug um pdg sg hugvg en`dn nkgbnmtg y gb otro bo sdjug o bo «pgrsdjug¶.

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@egrfgsdn Ynso utdbdznko gm knmzns kg Dsrngb y qug `omsdstg gm `ruznr um pdg por kgbnmtg kgb otro y vobvgr nb sdtdo.

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@eotds Cndbg kg so`dgknk n`tdvo y nbgjrg, kg ordjgm nbghîm, popubnr gm gb sdjbo UDU. Yrgkohdmn gm toko gb lob`borg guropgo prdm`dpnbhgmtg gm Lrnm`dn. [nhcdäm gs gb cndbg  popubnr tèpd`o kg Hnkrdk

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Lnmknmjo Cndbg gspnþob vdvo y rîpdko. Pg kn gm rgjdomgs tnm kdvgrsns `oho Jnbd`dn, Ynès \ns`o o Nmknbu`èn)

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Lnrnmkobn Cndbg ordjdmnko gm bn Yrovgmzn (Lrnm`dn), gm gb qug tokos bos cndbnrdmgs aumtnm bns hnmos pnrn lorhnr umn `nkgmn ncdgrtn qug vn n komkg vnyn gb `omku`tor.

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Loxtrot Cndbg kg snbðm popubnr humkdnbhgmtg, ordjdmnko gm Nhärd`n, dmtgrprgtnko por pnrgans `om `ohcdmn`domgs vnrdns kg pnsos `ortos y rîpdkos. Yugkg sgr rîpdko o bgmto y rg`dcg kdvgrsos mohcrgs.

 

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Lruj  Cndbg kg so`dgknk popubnr gmtrg bn jgmtg aovgm kg pr prdm dm`d `dpd pdos os kg >4 >447 >479, 9, dmtgrprgtnko `om hñsd`n qug `ohcdmn rdthos edspnmonhgrd`nmos y anzz.

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Hnzur`n Cndbg popubnr pobn`o, kg rdtho tgrmnrdo y qug gm gb sdjbo UDU gvobu`domð en`dn um  cndbg kg snbðm. -

Omg-Ptgp Cndbg kg snbðm, qug gs umn vnrdnmtg kgb popubnr  loxtrot.

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YnsokocbG  Cndbg kg snbðm, dmtgrprgtnko `om rdtho umdlorhg y rgjubnr. [èpd`nhgmtg gspnþob. Pg rgbn`domn `om bos toros. Gb eohcrg gs gb torgro y bn huagr bn

`npn. - Ynvnmn Wm kd kdjmd jmdld ld`n `nko ko cn cndb dbgg kg `or `ortg tg,, po popub pubnr nr gm bn Guropn kg sdjbos pnsnkos, `om hu`ens rgvgrg rgmm`dns y `ortgsèns. Pg `rgg qug sus hovdhdgmtos dhdtncnm gb hovdhdgmto kg bos ‒pnvos‘.

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Yob`n Cndbg lobfbðrd`o, ordjdmnb kg Coeghdn, qug sg edzo popubnr por tokn Guropn y bos Gstnkos Wmdkos `oho cndbg kg so`dgknk. Gs um cndbg ntbätd`o, nbgjrg y jdrntordo, `om um pnso rîpdko y snbtnrèm.

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S njtdhg lorhn kg anzz, `om umn hgbokèn lugrtghgmtg sdm`opnkn y n`ohpnþnhdgmto Yrdhdtdvn rgjubnrhgmtg n`gmtunko, n `nyo rdtho sg dmtgrprgtncnm cndbgs tnbgs `oho gb `nfgwnbf ,  cummy euj, cbn`f cottoh, gt`.

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Sggb \dvo cndbg gm jrupo ordjdmnko gmtrg bos homtnþgsgs gs`o`gsgs y hîs tnrkg `omvgrtdko gm um cndbg `nhpgstrg nhgrd`nmo1 gb \drjdmdn rggb.

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Sdjokðm Cndbg gm jrupo, popubnr gm bn Guropn kg bos sdjbos U\DDD y UbU, gm gb qug um mñhgro  pnr kg pnrgans dmtgrprgtncnm `ohpbd`nkns ldjurns. Gm bos Gstnkos Wmdkos sg edzo lnh ln hos osnn um umnn vn vnrd rdnm nmttg kg kgbb rd rdjo jokð kðm, m, bbnhnkn knmzn kg ldjurns.

 

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So`f—m'robb Wm sdhpbg y `ohpubsdvnhgmtg rèthd`o gstdbo kg hñsd`n pop qug gmboqug`dð n bn  auvgmtuk gm bos nþos nþo s `dm`ugmtn y qug q ug dmspdrð umn lrgmätd`n lorhn kg cndbg (bbnhnko kg bn hdshn lorhn) kgrdvnko kgb advg.

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Suhcn Sèthd`o cndbg kg snbðm ordjdmnko gm @ucn, cndbnko por pnrgans `om pnsos hovdkos y sdm`opnkos. -

Pnbðm Cndbgs Cndb gs so`dnb so`dnbgs gs dmtgrp dmtgrprgtnkos rgtnkos,, morhnb morhnbhgmtg hgmtg,, gm snbo sn bomg mgs, s, sn snbbns kg cn cnddbg y sd sdh hdb dbnr nrgs gs.. Gm bn n`tunbdknk, gstn kgsdjmn`dðm sg rgldgrg n cndbgs kg bn prdhgrn hdtnk kgb sdjbo UU (nproxdhnknhgmtg) `oho1 @en-`en-`eî, Suhcn, Pnbs Pn bsn, n, Hg Hgrgm rgmju jug, g, Hn Hnhc hco, o, Yn Ynsok sokoc ocbg bg,, \nb \nbs, s, Pwdmj, Pnhcn, Lox-[rot, gt`.

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Pqunr

Wm tdpo kg nbkgnmo lorhnm nhgrd`nmo, gb qug umg mñhgro pnrcndbg kg pnrgans um gm `unkrnko dmtgrprgtnm umn sgrdg kg pnsos o «ldjurns¶ cnao bn kdrg``dðm kg um «bo`utor¶.

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Pyrtnfd Knmzn jrdgjn cnsnkn gm gb Enssnpdfos y `rgnkn n rnèz kg bns pgbè`ubns ‒Qorcn gb jrdgjo‘ y ‒Mum`n gm Kohdmjo‘.

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[np   Gs um umnn lor lorhn hn kg cn cndb dbgg gx gxtr trgh ghnkn nknhg hgmtg mtg po popub pubnr, nr, nq nquè uè gb äm ämlns lnsds ds gst gstîî gm bo boss hovdhdgmtos kg bos pdgs y bos pnsos qug `rgnm um somdko kg jobpgtgo. Gstn knmzn tdgmg sus orèjgmgs gm bos Gstnkos Wmdkos, gb somdko sg kgcg n bn prgsgm`dn kg pbn`ns kg hgtnb gm bns sugbns kg bos znpntos.

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\nbs Otro lnhoso cndbg kg Pnbðm, dmtgrprgtnko gm pnrgans qug sg kgsbdznm n trnväs kg umn sgrdg kg vugbtns jrn`dosns y gm rghobdmo. Gm gb vnbs vdgmäs bns pnrgans jdrnm gm umn sobnn kd sob kdrg` rg``d `dðm6 ðm6 gm bn hî hîss bg bgmt mtnn vgr vgrsd sdðm ðm nh nhgrd grd`n `nmn mn,, gb Co Cost stom, om, pu pugk gkgm gm jd jdrn rnrr gm `unbqudgr kdrg``dðm.

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\drjdmdn Sg Sggb Wmo kg bos hîs popubnrgs cndbgs nbkgnmos nhgrd`nmos, gm gb qug bos dmtärprgtgs ghpdgznm lorhnmko kos bèmgns umn lrgmtg kg bn otrn. Bns pnrgans n bn `ncgzn kg bns bèmgns bèm gns dmt dmtgrp grprgt rgtnm nm um `oma `omaumt umtoo gspg gspg`èl `èld`o d`o kg ldj ldjurn urns6 s6 gmt gmtom`g om`gss bos cnd cndbnr bnrdmg dmgss bos sdjugm.

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Tghgmdtn

 

Ynso dmtroku`dko gm bos nþos ;9 por bn `orgðjrnln Sdvfn Pturhnm gm bns knmzns kg Dsrngb.

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Qnpntgnko Cndbgg gm gb qug gb cndbn Cndb cndbnrèm rèm sdjug gb `ohpîs kg `ohpbd`nkos rdthos `om bns pumtns y bos tn` n`om omgs gs kg su suss zn znpn pnto tos, s, n bos qu qugg sg n`opbnm pbn`ns kg hgtnb.

 KNMQNS GP PGM[DS, PGM[DS GP PWLSDS, PWLSDS GP NHNS6 WP[GK NHN,  PWLSG T PDGM[G. (Dsnkorn Kum`nm)

 

@OM@BWPDÐM Bn knmzn en gxdstdko kgskg gb surjdhdgmto kg bns prdhgrns `ubturns. Bos nmtropðbojos gstdhnm qug su lum`dðm so`dnb gstncn dmd`dnbhgmtg nso`dnkn n bns n``domgs rdtunbgs. Gstg sgrèn gb `nso kg bn lnhosn knmzn pnrn ntrngr bn bbuvdn kg `dgrtos pugcbos ncorèjgmgs mortgnhgrd`nmos. [nhcdäm sg enm ocsgrvnko knmzns `urntdvns qug bos `enhnmgs gag`utnm gm tormo nb gmlgrho gm bns trdcus prdhdtdvns qug nñm socrgvdvgm. Bn knmzn gs umn kg bns n`tdvdknkgs euhnmns por gx`gbgm`dn. Pd cdgm otros nmdhnbgs rgnbdznm `dgrtos hovdhdgmtos `om ldmgs `ohumd`ntdvos o rgproku`tdvos, mo tdgmgm bn lum`dðm `ubturnb kg bn knmzn euhnmn.

 

@OHGM[NSDO @nkn `ubturn tdgmg `nrn`tgrèstd`ns kdlgrgmtgs, toko kg n`ugrko n bn trnkd`dðm gm bn qug sg ordjdmn, por gstg hotdvo eny bujnrgs gm gspg`èld`o qug bbnhnm hîs bn ntgm`dðm, pugs bn so`dgknk komkg sg enm kgsnrrobbnko tdgmg trnkd`domgs gspg`dnbgs y en`g qug bn hovdbdzn`dðm kg tur turdst dstnn sg dm` dm`rghg rghgmtg mtg `oms `omsdkg dkgrncb rncbghg ghgmtg mtg,, kg gst gstnn hnm hnmgrn, grn, sg `om `omo`gm o`gm bos kgt kgtnbb nbbgs gs  pnrtd`ubnrgs kg gsg tgrrdtordo, sg nprgmkgm bns trnkd`domgs, dkdohn, jnstromohèn, gt`. Gm gstg sgmtdko, bn knmzn tdgmg `ommotn`domgs bdmjòèstd`ns, `ubturnbgs y so`dnbgs.

 

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ettps1//www.bdlgkgr.`oh/knmzns-rgjdomnbgs-juntghnbn/ ettp1//gmskcnrtdstd`n95.cbojspot.`oh/p/cndbgs-popubnrgs-kgb-humko.ethb