La Española en La Segunda Mitad Del Siglo Xvi y Xvii

 

IA @]UAÑHIA @D IA ]@JPDKA GF[AK K@I ]FJIH ^RF V ^RFF CA[N@_FD@ G@IF]]A [. ?5?5-52>0 F- Mhdm`ptuaifza ihs sfjuf`dt`s tærgfdhs a) Mhr Mhrsa sarf rfhs hs y Mhr Mhrsa sarf rfhs hs

`ra `i dhgor` qu` s` atrfouça ai qu` pramtfmaoa ia ju`rra k` mhrsh, y `i tærgfdh phkça r`b`rfrs` tadth a ihs garfdhs mhgh a ihs ouqu`s, ya s`ad k` ias argakas h k` partfmuiar`s, quf`d`s akqufrçad ia mhdkfmfýd gfiftar `d vfrtuk k`i p`rgfsh mhdm`kfkh phr ud jhof`rdh `d uda marta k` garma h pat`dt` k` mhrsh. o) Bfi Bfifou foust` st`rhs rhs y ouma oumad`r d`rhs hs

Bfifoust`rh, `ra `i dhgor` qu` r`mfoça aqu`i pfrata qu`, `d `i sfjih ^RFF, bhrgaoa part` k` ihs jruphs qu` amtuaoad `d `i gar k` ias Adtfiias. ]u maramt`rçstfma `sp`mfai, qu` ih kfb`r`dmfaoa k` htrhs pfratas, `ra qu` dh s` ai`laoad k` ia mhsta, ia ohrk`aoad y saqu`aoad ias ihmaifkak`s mhst`ras. K`sk` bfd`s k`i sfjih ^RFF su düg`rh kfsgfduyý mhdsfk`raoi`g`d mhdsfk`raoi`g`dt`. t`. Pd oumad`rh `d hrfj`d ud naoftadt` k` ia part` hmmfk`dtai k` ia fsia k` Ia @spañhia, amtuai Naftç y _`püoifma Khgfdfmada, Khgfdfmada, qu` s` k`kfmaoa a mazar vamas y m`rkhs saival`s para ou mad`ar , `s k`mfr, anugar ia mard` y v`dk`ria a ihs davçhs qu` dav`jaoad phr ias ajuas k`i gar Marfo`. m) Na Naof ofta tadt dt`s `s y @dj @djaj aj`s. `s.

Qu` naofta h r`sfk` `d ud iujar k`t`rgfdakh Pd `djaj` `ra ud nhgor` ifor` qu` bfrgaoa ud mhdtrath phr tr`s añhs `d `i qu` s` hoifjaoa a traoalar mhgh sf`rvh para ud t`rm`rh, `d mhdkfmfhd`s sfgfiar`s a ia `smiavftuk. FF- @dug`r` tr`s mausas k`<

1- K`i mhdtra mhdtraoadk oadkh h y r`smat` r`smat` `d `d ia `spañ `spañhia. hia. Mhd `i `staoi`mfgf`dth, `d 1021, k` ia Marr`ra k` Fdkfas nuoh uda s`rf` k` pu`rths ag`rfmadhs, qufdm` `d thtai, a ihs qu` ia Mhrhda r`juiý `i düg`rh k` r`jfstrhs qu` phkçad r`mfofr, asç mhgh ia mapamfkak y tagañh k` ihs ouqu`s `d budmfýd k` ia mfukak k` k`stfdh, su phoiamfýd y mhdsugh. ]adth Khgfdjh bu` udh k` `sths qufdm` pu`rths, `stfpuiádkhs`i` `stfpuiádkhs`i` tr`s davçhs k` 255 thd`iakas"*. Ak`gás, thkh `i trábfmh mhg`rmfai k` ia fsia k`oça nam`rs`, üdfma y `xmiusfvag`dt`, a travæs k` ia mapftai y mhd d`jhmfadt`s nfspadhs pat`dtakhs pat`dtakhs y r`jfstrakhs, pu`s muai`squf`ra htras tradsammfhd`s s` t`dçad phr fiçmftas. @stas g`kfkas bu`rhd s`dsfoi`s hostámuihs para `i k`sarrhiih k`i mhg`rmfh y shmavarhd `i fdt`ræs k` ihs mhg`rmfadt`s fdsuiar`s phr trabfmar mhd ia i a fsia

 

?-Ias k`vastamfhd`s k` Hshrfh `d ia fsia k` ]adth Khgfdjh

@d prfg`r iujar `staoa `i prhoi`ga mhg`rmfai. @spaña trataoa k` gadt`d`r `i `squ`ga ghdhpýifmh `d `i mhg`rmfh mhd ias mhihdfas. Ihs r`smat`s k` ihs naoftadt`s k` ia fsia mhd ihs `xtradl`rhs fdb`rçad jrav` kañh a ihs fdt`r`s`s k` ia ourju`sça mhg`rmfai k` ]`vfiia y ai prhpfh @stakh `spañhi qu` k`laoa k` r`maukar sugas fgphrtadt`s phr mhdm`pth k` fgpu`sths. @d htrh hrk`d k` fk`as, `i @stakh @spañhi fdt`rpr`taoa `i mhg`rmfh fi`jai mhgh bu`dt` k` `drfqu`mfgf`dth `drfqu`mfgf`dt h k` ihs paçs`s `d`gfjhs, phr ih qu` ias ghtfvamfhd`s `mhdýgfmas s` udçad a ias k` çdkhi` phiçtfma y gfiftar. @d `i asp`mth phiçtfmhs ia Mhrhda t`gça qu` ia j`d`raifzamfýd k`i mhdtraoadkh mhdii`vara a ia phsfofifkak k` s`m`sfýd k` ia fsia ` fdmiush k` htrhs t`rrfthrfhs ag`rfmadhs, ai surjfr miarhs fdt`r`s`s `d ia mias` `smiavfsta ihmai mhdtra `i `xmiusfvfsgh ghdhpýifmh (k` n`mnh ias prht`stas k` ihs Maofikhs k` ia fsia mhdtra ias K`vastamfhd`s y ia _`o`ifýd k` Juaoa gu`strad qu` tai phsfofifkak `ra r`ai). =-K` ia kfvfsfýd k` ia fsia k` ]adth Khgfdjh `d khs mhihdfas .

1. @i aoadkhdh k` ia zhda, iiagaka Oadka Dhrt` k` ia fsia k` sadth Khgfdjh, mhgh mhds`mu`dmfa k` ia k`sphoiamfhd`s k` Hshrfh k` 1250-1252. `i aoadkhdh bamfifth ias fdmursfhd`s, qu` k`sk` ia fsia [hrtuja, nfmf`rhd oumad`rhs y bfifoust`rhs `d ia part` h`st` k` ia fsia. ?. Ia tradsbhrgamfýd k` ia fsia [hrtuja mhgh `dmiav` k` ia mhdqufsta pauiatfda pauiatfda k` ia Oadka dhrt` k` ia fsia k` ]adth Khgfdjh. ia tradsbhrgamfýd p`rgftfý `i traspash fdt`rfdsuiar p`rp`trakh oalh ia phiçtfma k` K' Hr`lýd, mhdvfrtf`dkh a kfmna fsia akyam`dt` `d ia gakr` k`i buturh Naftç. =.Ia k`ofifkak k` @spaña para `dbr`dtar ia rfvaifkak rf vaifkak `mhdýgfma y paraiftfma qu` sust`dtaoad Nhiadka, Fdjiat`rra y Bradmfa, y guy `sp`mfaig`dt` `sta uitfga pht`dmfa qu` fdspfrakhra k` ia du`va mhihdfa k` ]afdt Khgfdju` `d ia part` H`st` k` ia fsia k` sadth Khgfdjh. FFF-@staoi`m` ias kfb`r`dmfas `dtr` ]adth Khgfdjh y ]afdt Khgfdju`

@d muadth a ih phiçtfmh ]adth Khgfdjh y ]afdt Khgfdju` `rad guy kfstfdths, k`ofkh a qu` `rad gadkakhs phr damfhd`s kfstfdtas, ]adth Khgfdjh s`juça ias i`y`s k` @spaña y ]afdt Khgfdju` ias k` Bradmfa qu` tf`gph k`spuæs naoça hot`dfkh, `stas damfhd`s bu`rhd ghik`akas phr ias r`iamfhd`s k` phk`r qu` s` kf`rhd `d `sths khs paçs`s y `d thka @urhpa qu` s` vfh fdvhiumraka `d ia hmupamfýd k`i du`vh gudkh. Ias Mhihdfas k` ]afdt Khgfdju`, h `i "]adth Khgfdjh Bradmæs", `s `i dhgor` phr `i muai bu` mhdhmfka ia mhihdfa qu` `staoi`mfý Bradmfa `d ia Fsia ia @spañhia, @i düg`rh k` `smiavhs sup`raoa ai düg`rh k` oiadmhs k` ia mhihdfa, k` ghkh qu` naoçad masf ?5

 

`smiavhs phr maka nhgor` oiadmh, ias mhdkfmfhd`s `d ias qu` vfvçad ihs `smiavhs `ra pr`marfas, gurf`dkh a t`gpradas `kak`s, `db`rgadkh ` fdt`dtadkh bujars` sf`gpr`.

Ia @smiavftuk `d ia Mhihdfa k` ]adth Khgfdjh, `ra gumnh gayhr, pu`s s` utfifzaoad mhgh pu`rth k` mhg`rmfh k` ihs gfsghs, phr ih qu` ia madtfkak k` `smiavhs qu` `dtraoad y saiçad kfarfag`dt` `ra `dhrg`.

FR-@iaohr` ud gapa shor` ias k`vastamfhd`s k` Hshrfh fk`dtfbfmadkh ias mfukak`s mhdstrufkas, ias mfukak`s k`strufkas y ia zhda k`vastakas.

R- @xpifma `d qu` mhdsfstf`rhd ihs sfjuf`dt`s tratakhs< - [ratakh k` _yswfmc 

[agofæd iiagakh [ratakh [ratakh k` _yswfmc (dhgor` adtfjuh k` ia mfukak) `s `i tratakh k` paz qu` ka bfd a ia Ju`rra k` ihs Du`v` Añhs, qu` vfh `dbr`dtakas a Bradmfa mhdtra @spaña, Fdjiat`rra, ias Urhvfdmfas Pdfkas k` ihs Uaçs`s Oalhs y `i ]amrh Fgp`rfh _hgadh.  -[ratakh Aradlu`z @i tratakh k` Aradlu`z k` 1::: bfrgakh `dtr` @spaña y Bradmfa `staoi`mfý ias brhdt`ras `dtr` ihs t`rrfthrfhs `spañhi y bradmæs `d ia fsia Ia @spañhia, `d `i gar Marfo`.  -Uaz k` Dfg`ja

 ]` bfrgý `i ?5 k` ajhsth k` 12:> `d Dfg`ja `dtr` ias Urhvfdmfas Pdfkas k` ihs Uaçs`s Oalhs y `i _`fdh k` Bradmfa y push bfd a ia Ju`rra bradmh-d``riadk`sa. - [ratakh k` Oasfi`a

@dtr` ia _`püoifma Bradm`sa y ia Ghdarquça k` Marihs FR k` @spaña, bfrgakh `i ?? k`  luifh k` 1:60 `d ia ihmaifkak ihmaifkak sufza k` Oasfi`a, Oasfi`a, push bfd a ia Ju`rra k` k` ia Mhdv`dmfýd `dtr` ihs khs paçs`s qu` s` naoça fdfmfakh `d 1:6= y qu` naoça r`suitakh ud k`sastr` para ia ghdarquça `spañhia, pu`s ias prhvfdmfas vasmhdjakas y Mataiuña amaoarhd hmupakas phr

 

ias trhpas bradm`sas. @st` tratakh s` bfrgý k`spuæs k` ia paz `dtr` Bradmfa y Urusfa amhrkaka `d aorfi k` `s` gfsgh añh.