La Economía y su relación con la Contaduría, la Administración, y la Informática.
Short Description
Resumen: Fundamentos de Economía sexta. edición; Méndez Morales, José Silvestre - Primer tema....
Description
RESUMEN: CAPÍTULO I – ESTRUCTURA DE INVESTIGACIÓN. LIBRO: FUNDAMENTOS DE ECONOMÍA 6TA EDICIÓN; MÉNDEZ MORALES JOSÉ SILVESTRE - PRIMER TEMA.
La E!"!#$a % &' ()*a+," !" *a C!"a'($a/ *a A#+"+&(a+,"/ A#+"+&(a+,"/ % *a I"0!(#1+a.
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La E!"!#$a % &' ()*a+," !" *a C!"a'($a/ *a A#+"+&(a+,"/ % *a I"0!(#1+a.
INDICE INTRODUCCIÓN .
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CAPÍTULO I: 1. ELEMENTOS ECONOMICOS 1.1 Hechos económcos
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1.2 C!"!c#e"$s#c!s .
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1.3 Ac#os económcos
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1.% Ss#em!s económcos
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2. ECONOMÍA COMO CIENCIA
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2.1 De)ncón (e econom$! .
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2.2 C!"!c#e"$s#c!s (e *! cenc!
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2.3 Econom$! cenc! soc!* e hs#ó"c!
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2.% C"#c! ! *! co""en#e s,-e#'! .
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2.& Co""en#e O-e#'!
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3. CATE0ORÍAS LEES ECONÓMICAS
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3.1 Conce#os C!#e4o"$!s Económc!s .
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3.2 Lees Económc!s
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%.2 Re*!cones (e *! econom$! con *! con#!(,"$!7 *! *! !(mns#"!cón *! n)o"m;#c! . .
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%.2.1 Econom$! con#!(,"$!
1.& Ac#'(!(es económc!s CAPITULO II:
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CAPÍTULO III
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CAPÍTULO I6 %. ECONOMÍA7 ADMINISTRACIÓN7 ADMINISTRACIÓN7 CONTADURÍA E IN8ORM9TICA %.1 Imo"#!nc! (e *! econom$!
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%.2.2 Econom$! !(mns#"!cón .
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%.2.3 Econom$! e n)o"m;#c!
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La E!"!#$a % &' ()*a+," !" *a C!"a'($a/ *a A#+"+&(a+,"/ % *a I"0!(#1+a.
INTRODUCCIÓN La )!"!#$a !"&+'%) '"a 2a&) +#3!(a") )" )* )&a((!**! ) *a !"a'($a/ *a a#+"+&(a+," % *a +"0!(#1+a &+)"! '"a +)!*!4$a ) !")3!& % '"a a#3*+a !""!a+," ) &+4"+0+a!& 5') )3*+a" 2()7)#)") )* 7a*!( 5') +)") aa 1()a % &' ()*a+," )" !#8". D) )&a #a")(a !"(+2'%)" a* #a")9! ) a(a)($&+a& 5') )3*+a(1" ) 0!(#a )a**aa aa a&3)! ) *!& )#a& a )&a((!**a(. Caa a3$'*! )a**a !" +)(a *a(+a )* (a2a9! 5') ()a*+a )* !#2() )" *a )!"!#$a % &' #a")(a ) !"!)( *a& a*)("a+7a& % !3!('"+a)& ) )&a((!**! a") *a& 4(a")& "))&+a)& "))&+a)& 5') )" )&!& &) )"')"()/ aa31"!&) aa31"!&) a *a& +")((!4a")& ): & ) 3(!'+( *!& 2+)")&/ )& "))&a(+! **)7a(*!& a *!& )"(!& ) !"&'#! 3a(a 5') 3!( #)+! )* +")(a#2+!/ &) +&(+2'%a" )"() *a 3!2*a+," a (a7>& (a7>& ) *a +&!(+a a" )+&+! +7)(&a& 0!(#a& ) +")(a#2+!
% +&(+2'+,". P(!'+,"
Ca#2+! % +&(+2'+,"
C!"&'#!
P!( *! a"!/ *a 3(!'+," +)") !#! !29)! 0'"a#)"a* &a+&0a)( *a& "))&+a)&/ "))&+a)&/ *! 'a* &) *!4(a 3!( #)+! )* !"&'#!/ 5') )& *a '+*+a+,"
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La E!"!#$a % &' ()*a+," !" *a C!"a'($a/ *a A#+"+&(a+,"/ % *a I"0!(#1+a.
Ac#os económcos C'a"! )* !#2() !#a !"+)"+a ) &'& "))&+a)& % ) ,#! &a+&0a)(*a&/ )&a#!& a") a!& )!",#+!&/ !#! )* '*+7! ) *a !(a*+a % *a 3)&a. ¿Qué son, entonces, los actos económicos? L!& a!& )!",#+!& &!" a!& !"&+)")& )* !#2()
3a(a &a+&0a)( &a+&0a)( &'& "))&+a)&. "))&+a)&. C'a"! )* !#2() )& !"&+)") ) &'& #8*+3*)& "))&+a)&/ &'(4) )* 3(!2*)#a )!",#+!; )& )+(/ " 3')) )3*+a(&) !#! )* !"9'"! ) a+7+a)& )!",#+a& 5') &) a4('3a" )" &)!()& )!",#+a& +")4(a!& 3!( (a#a& 3(!'+7a&. a% ()& &)!()&: )* a4(!3)'a(+!/ )* +"'&(+a*/ % )* ) &)(7++!. La& 3(+"+3a*)& (a#a& ! a+7+a)& )* &)!( a4(!3)'a(+! &!": *a a4(+'*'(a/ *a 4a"a)($a/ *a &+*7+'*'(a % *a 3)&a. E* &)!( +"'&(+a* &) &'2+7+) )" +"'&(+a )(a+7a '%a& (a#a& &!" )* 3)(,*)! % *a #+")($a ) +"'&(+a ) (a"&0!(#a+,"/ !" #1& ) (a#a&/ )"() *a& 5') &) )&aa": )#)"!/ 5'$#+a/ 2)2+a& a*!,*+a&/ a*!,*+a&/ #')2*)&/ #')2*)&/ )+*)&/ a*+#)"!&/ )+!(+a*/ )+!(+a*/ #a)(a/ 3(!'!& 3(!'!& #)1*+!&/ )>)(a. )>)(a. La& 3(+"+3a*)& (a#a& )* &)!( &)(7++!& &!": !#)(+!/ ()&a'(a")&/ !)*)&/ (a"&3!()/ a*#a)"a#+)"!/ a*#a)"a#+)"!/ !#'"+a+!")&/ &)(7++!& 0+"a"+)(!& % &)4'(!&/ 2+)")& +"#')2*)&/ &)(7++!& 3(!0)&+!"a*)&/ &)(7++!& &)(7++!& ) )'a+,"/ )'a+,"/ &)(7++!& #>+!&/ #>+!&/ &)(7++!& &)(7++!& #>+!&/ &)(7++!& &)(7++!& ) )&3a(+#+)"!/ a#+"+&(a+," 382*+a/ )0)"&a % !(!&.
CAPITULO II: ECONOMÍA COMO CIENCIA De)ncón (e econom$! E" *a )0+"++," !29)+7a ! #a(+&a &)@a*a F))(+! E"4)*& 5'): HLa )!"!#$a 3!*$+a )& *a +)"+a 5') )&' &'+a +a *a& *a& *)% *)%))& 5') 5') (+4 (+4)" *a 3(! 3(!' '+, +,"/ "/ *a +&( +&(+2 +2''+, +,"/ *a +( +('*a *a+," +," % )* )* !" !"&'# &'#! ) *! *!& 2+ 2+)")& #a #a)(+a*)& 5' 5') &a &a+&0a)" ") "))&+a)& ' '#a"a&. D) D) +4 +4'a* 0! 0!(#a *a )0+"++," &'29)+7a ! #a(4+"a*+&a ) L+!")* R!22+"& a0+(#a: HLa )!"!#$a )& *a +)"+a 5') &) )"a(4a )* )&'+! ) *a &a+&0a+," ) *a& "))&+a)& '#a"a& #)+a") 2+)")& 5') &+)"! )&a&!& +)")" '&!& a*)("a+7!& )"() *a& 'a*)& a% 5') !3a(. O(a& )0+"++!")& &!": . HE!"!#$a )& )* )&'+! ) !#! '+*+a *a 4)") *!& ()'(&!& 3a(a &a+&0a)( &a+&0a)( &'& "))&+a)& E* 3(!2*)#a 21&+! 5') )&'+a *a )!"!#$a )& )* 3(!2*)#a ) *a )&a&). K. HLa )!"!#$a )!"!#$a 3!*$+a )& *a +)"+a )* )* )&a((!**! ) *a& ()*a+!")& &!+a*)& &!+a*)& ) 3(!'+,";
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La E!"!#$a % &' ()*a+," !" *a C!"a'($a/ *a A#+"+&(a+,"/ % *a I"0!(#1+a.
. HA*0() HA*0() Ma(&a** Ma(&a** )0+"$a )0+"$a a *a )!"!#$a )!"!#$a !#! !#! H*a +)"+a +)"+a 5') )a#+" )a#+"aa *a 3a() ) *a a+7+a +"+7+'a* % &!+a* )&3)+a*#)") !"&a4(aa a a*a"a( % a '+*+a( '+* +a( *a& !"++!")& #a)(+a*)& )* 2+)")&a(
C!"!c#e"$s#c!s (e *! cenc! Ma(+! B'"4) )& 5'+)" ) #a")(a #1& *a(a a &)@a*a! *a& &+4'+)")& a(a)($&+a& 3a(a 5') '"a +&+3*+"a &)a !"&+)(aa !#! +)"+a: . E* !"!+#+) !"!+#+)"! "! +)"$0+ +)"$0+!! 3a() ) *!& *!& )!& )!& % &+)#3() &+)#3() ()4()& ()4()&aa ) )**!&. )**!&. K. La +)"+a +)"+a (a&+)" (a&+)") ) ) )!& )!& **)4a **)4a a 3(!' 3(!'+( +( "')7!& "')7!& )!&. )!&. . La +) +)" "+a +a )& )& a"a* a"a*$+ $+a a.. . E&3) E&3)+ +a* a*+ +a aa. a. . La +)"+ +)"+aa )& *a(a % 3()+&a 3()+&a// *! 5') 5') +#3*+a +#3*+a.. 6. E* !"!+#+ !"!+#+)"! )"! +)"$ +)"$0+! 0+! &) 3') 3'))) !#'"+a !#'"+a(( % 7)(+0+a( 7)(+0+a(.. . La +"7)&+4 +"7)&+4a+, a+,"" +)"$0+a +)"$0+a &+4') &+4') '" '" #>!! #>!! % )& &+&)#1+ &+&)#1+a. a. . L!& !"! !"!+#+) +#+)"!& "!& +)"$0+! +)"$0+!&& &!" &!" 4)")(a 4)")(a*)&. *)&. . La +)"+ +)"+aa (aa (aa ) )&a2*)) )&a2*))(( *)%)& *)%)& % a3*+a(*a& a3*+a(*a&.. . La +)"+a +)"+a )& )3*+a+7a. )3*+a+7a.
Econom$! cenc! soc!* e hs#ó"c! T(a++!"a*#)")/ T(a++!"a*#)")/ *a& +)"+a& &) a" +7++! )" "a'(a*)& % &!+a*)&. La& +)"+a& "a'(a*)& &) ()0+)()" a* )&'+! ) *a "a'(a*)a % &'& *)%)&. La +)"+a &!+a* )&'+a" a* !#2() )" &' a#2+)") &!+a*. La& +&+3*+"a& 5') &) !"&+)(a" a2+'a*#)") !#! +)"+a& &!+a*)&/ *a a"(!3!*!4$a/ *a )!"!#$a/ *a +&!(+a/ *a& +)"+a& 3!*$+a&/ % *a 3&+!*!4$a !#3()")" '" &!*! a#3! '"+0+a! ) +"7)&+4a+,". S+ *a &!+)a a#2+a a (a7>& ( a7>& )* +)#3! % *a )!"!#$a )& '"a +)"+a &!+a*/ a#2+>" )& '"a +)"+a +&,(+a. La )!"!#$a 3!*$+a/ +)"+a +&,(+a 3!( &' )&)"+a/ 5') #a")9a '" #a)(+a* )" !"&a") a#2+!/ +"7)&+4a )" 3(+#)( >(#+"!/ *a& *)%)& )&3)+a*)& ) *a 3(!'+,"/ )* +")(a#2+! % *a +&(+2'+," / )" aa )&a*,"/ 3!( &)3a(a!/ )* )&a((!**! ) *a * a 3(!'+,". E"!")& &) 3')) a0+(#a( 5') *a )!"!#$a )& '"a +)"+a +&,(+a % &!+a*/ 3!(5') )&'+a ,#! &) a" !(4a"+a! *a& &!+)a)& a (a7>& )* +)#3! 3a(a &a+&0a)( &'& "))&+a)&.
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La E!"!#$a % &' ()*a+," !" *a C!"a'($a/ *a A#+"+&(a+,"/ % *a I"0!(#1+a. •
•
•
S) 3*a")a 5') )* +"+7+'! )& 5'+)" +)") *a )+&+," a2&!*'a/ +")3)"+)") +")3)"+)") ) *a a(a)($&+a )* &+&)#a )!",#+a. E* +"+7+'! )& 5') )&!4) )"() !3+!")& )2+! a 5') *!& ()'(&!& &!" )&a&!& % *a& "))&+a)& +*+#+aa&. La )!($a )!",#+a &'29)+7a "! +)") !#! 0+"a*+a *a )*a2!(a+," ) *)%)& 5') )3*+5')" )* !#3!(a#+)"! )* !#2() #1& 2+)" )& '"a 4'$a 3a(a *a a+,".
Co""en#e O-e#'! La 2a&) 0+*!&,0+a ) *a !((+)") !29)+7a )& )* #a)(+a*+&#! +a*)+! 5') 3*a")a 5') *a #a)(+a )&1 )" !"&a") a#2+!/ *a 'a* 3)(#+) )3*+a( )* )&a((!**! ) *a "a'(a*)a ) *a &!+)a % )* 3)"&a#+)"!. Al aplicar el materialismo dialectico, se encuentran que las características principales de la corriente o!etiva son: •
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La +#3!(a") "! )& )* &'9)!/ &+"! )* !29)! )&) )3*+a 5') )* &+&)#a )!",#+! "! )& a*4! a!/ &+"! a*4! a#2+a") 5') *!& !#2()& 0!(#a" !" &' a+' )!",#+a. E&) )7!*'+!"a % &) )&a((!**a 3!( *a 3(!3+a a+," ) *!& !#2()&/ % )&! *! a) a#2+a( a* #!+0+a(&) )* #)+!. S) 2a&a )" )* #a)(+a*+&#! +a*)+! % 3!( *a a"!/ )& *a *,4+a +a*>+a 5') a +0)()"+a ) *a *,4+a "!(#a* )&'+a *!& )!& % 0)",#)"!& )!",#+!& )" 0!(#a +"1#+a % a#2+a") &+)#3() )" )&a((!**!. D)&)a )* (+)(+! ) 3a&+7+a )" +"#'a2+*+a 3!( )* ) a+," % #!7+*+a. La )!"!#$a )& +&!(+a 3!(5') *a "))&+a '#a"a % *a& 0!(#a& "))&+a '#a"a& % *a& 0!(#a& ) ()&!*7)(*a& a#2+a a(a)& )* +)#3!. Pa() ) *!& )!& !"()!& !"()!& a&a )*a2!(a( a2&(a+!")& a2&(a+!")& 5') )3*+5') )&a )&a 7a*+a !"()a % )&3'>& &) ()4()&a a *a !"()! 3a(a !#3a(a(*! a a#2+a( &'& !")3+!")& ),(+a&. U+*+a a#3*+a#)") )* #>!! )'+7!/ a 3a(+( ) !")3+!")& 4)")(a*)& &) **)4a a )3*+a( )!& % 0)",#)"!& 3a(+'*a()&. E&) 3())") !"!)( *!& )*)#)"!& 5') )3*+5')" *a ()a*+a !"()a % 0!(#'*a *)%)&/ '"a 7) !"!+a )&a/ *!& !#2()& 3'))" (a&0!(#a( *a ()a*+a. E" *a !")3+," (++a )" 7+(' 5') &+)#3() )&1 !#3a(a"! &'& )'+!")& a2&(aa& !" )* 0'"+!"a#+)"! !"()! ) *a ()a*+a )!",#+a.
CAPÍTULO III
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La E!"!#$a % &' ()*a+," !" *a C!"a'($a/ *a A#+"+&(a+,"/ % *a I"0!(#1+a.
La )!($a )!",#+a )& )* !"9'"! ) )"'"+a!& ! 3(+"+3+!& 4)")(a*)& +")4(a!& )" '" ')(3! !(+"a(+! 2a9! '" &+&)#a 5') &) 3(!3!") )3*+a( *a ()a*+a )!",#+a.
Conce#os C!#e4o"$!s Económc!s A")& ) a)( '" )&'+! !"()! ) *a ()a*+a )!",#+a &) "))&+a a)( '"a& )(a+!")& ),(+a& a'+*+aa& ) a)4!($a& % !")3!& 5') )0+"a" ! "!& a)(5')" a* &+4"+0+a! ) *a ()a*+a. Por ejemplo.
U" !")3! 5') )& '"a 3()&)"a+," a2()7+aa ) '"a +7)(&+a ) )!&. E* !")3! )& *a ()'"+," ( )'"+," ) *!& a(a)()& ) '" 4('3! ) ()3()&)"a+!")& 5') +)")" 7a*+) '"+7)(&a*. E* !")3! ) *a !&a )& *a !#3()"&+," ) )**a/ % !#3()")( *! 5') *a !&a )& &+4"+0+a !"!)( &' )&(''(a. A (a7>& ) )&a& )0+"++!")& &) 3')) )'+( 5') *!& !")3!& )!",#+!& &!" *a& ()3()&)"a+!")& ()3()&)"a+!")& #)"a*)& ) *a& a(a)($&+a& ! )&)"+a& 0'"a#)"a*)& ) *!& )!& % 0)",#)"!& )!",#+!& "os aspectos fundamentales de los hechos económicos económicos son: • •
•
=') a3)" *a& a(a)($&+a& 3(+"+3a*)& ) *a ()a*+a ( )a*+a )!",#+a =') )"4a" 7a*+) '"+7)(&a*/ ! #1& 2+)" )2)($a#!& )+(/ 5') )"4a" '" a*! 4(a! ) 4)")(a*+a =') )&) )* 3'"! ) 7+&a *,4+!/ *!& !")3!& &)a" +4'a*)& a *a& )0+"++!")&
A*4'"!& )9)#3*!& ) !")3!& )!",#+!& &!": . E* !" !")3 )3! ! ) (a2a (a2a9! 9! K. E* !" !") )3 3!! ) ) '+* '+*+ +a a . E* !" !") )3 3!! ) ")) "))&+ &+a a E" )* a&! ) *!& !")3!& )!",#+!& )& "))&a(+! !"&+)(a( !"&+)(a( )* a&3)! +&,(+! a! a 5') *a )!"!#$a +)"+a +&,(+a #a")9a !")3!& +&,(+!&/ )& )+(; 5') )&) !")3! 3')) &)( a3*+a! a !a& *a& >3!a& +&,(+a& ) *a '#a"+a. E* (a2a9! )& '" )*)#)"! 5') a )+&+! )" !! )* )&a((!**! ) *a '#a"+a/ *! #+&#! 5') *a
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La E!"!#$a % &' ()*a+," !" *a C!"a'($a/ *a A#+"+&(a+,"/ % *a I"0!(#1+a.
E&a& *)%)& (aa" ) )&'2(+( *a& ()*a+!")& a'&a*)& ) *!& )!& % 0)",#)"!&. E3*+a" *a ()a*+a )!",#+a )" >(#+"!& ) a'&a*+a. "as principales características de las leyes económicas son: • • •
C!"&+&)"+a *,4+a +")("a % ))("a. P)(+")"+a ! ()*)7a"+a. P()++," ) 0)",#)"!& )!",#+!&.
C!"&+&)"+a *,4+a +")("a &) ()0+)() a 5') *a& !"*'&+!")& &) )(+7)" ) *a& 3()#+&a& % &'3')&!& )&a2*)+!&. C!"&+&)"+a *,4+a ))("a )& 5') *a& !"*'&+!")& ) *a *)% &)a" !"0(!"aa& !" *a 3(!3+a ()a*+a 5') )"4a" 7a*+) +)"$0+a. P)(+")"+a &) ()0+)() a 5') *a *)% )!",#+a )"4a ()*)7a"+a; )& )+(/ 5') a%') a ()&!*7)( *!& 3(+"+3a*)& 3(!2*)#a& 3(!2*)#a& ) *!& &)()& '#a"!&.
CAPÍTULO I6 ECONOMÍA7 ADMINISTRACIÓN7 CONTADURÍA E IN8ORM9TICA A. Imo"#!nc! (e *! econom$! La )!"!#$a )&'+a )!& % 0)",#)"!& )!",#+!& 5') &) )&a((!**a" %a 5') )* !#2() 3())") ()&!*7)( &'& 3(!2*)#a& )!",#+!& a (a7>& ) *a 3(!'+,"/ +&(+2'+," % !"&'#! ) *!& 2+)")& 5') &a+&0a)" &'& "))&+a)&; )& "))&a(+! 5') )* !#2() !"!a *!& )*)#)"!& ) *a ()a*+a )!",#+a. E" '"a &!+)a a" a7a"aa !#! a'a*/ )" *a 5') *a& !#'"+a+!")& &) a" )&a((!**a! )" 0!(#a )(a!(+"a(+a % *! #)+!& ) +0'&+," 3()"&a/ (a+!/ TV/ +")(") ). (a"&#+)" a !a !(a "!++a& )!",#+a/ )2)" !"!)( *!& 0'"a#)"!& ) *a )!"!#$a. U" 3(!0)&+!"a* )2) !"!)( &' )"!("! )!",#+!/ )2) &a2)( ,#! &) #')7) *a )!"!#$a % ,#! 3')) a0)a( a &' )#3()&a/ &' 0a#+*+a ! &' 3a$&. E* )&'+! ) *a C+)"+a E!",#+a &) !"&+)(a 3a() )&)"+a* ) *a 0!(#a+," '*'(a* ) *!& )&'+a")&. A3a() )* 7a*!( '*'(a* )* )&'+! ) *a +)"+a )!",#+a/ )* !"!+#+)"! ) *!& 3(!)&!& )!",#+!& )!",#+!& 0'"a#)"a*)& )& )&)"+a* 3a(a *a #1& )0+a 3a(++3a+," )* +'aa"! )" *a 7+a 382*+a.
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La E!"!#$a % &' ()*a+," !" *a C!"a'($a/ *a A#+"+&(a+,"/ % *a I"0!(#1+a.
&,*+!& !"!+#+)"!& )!",#+!& 5') *)& 3)(#+a" !#a( )+&+!")& a)'aa& % ()&!*7)( 3(!2*)#a&. E* 3*a" ) )&'+!& ) ) *a FCA-UNAM &)@a*a !#! !29)+7! 4)")(a* ) *a a&+4"a'(a: HU+*+a( *!& !")3!& ) *a )!($a )!",#+a/ )7a*'a( *a& ()*a+!")& #a(!-)!",#+a& % )#3*)a( *a& *)%)& )!",#+a& !#! +"&('#)"! ) a"1*+&+&.
Econom$! con#!(,"$! Ac#,!*men#e *! con#!(,"$! se ,-c! en ses ;"e!s "nc!*es: "nc!*es: •
• • • • •
La +"0!(#a+," 0+"a"+)(a; )& )+(/ )* )&a2*)+#+)"! ) &+&)#a& ) +"0!(#a+," 0+"a"+)(a !"a2+*+a. La !"(a*!($a La )&!()($a La a'+!($a )" !!& &'& "+7)*)& % 0!(#a& +")("a % ))("a La +()+," 0+"a"+)(a La 0+&a* 0+"a"+)(a
E* *+)"+a! )" !"a'($a )2) )&a( 3()3a(a! 3a(a a'a( )" 'a*5'+)(a ) *a& &)+& 1()a& #)"+!"aa&. #)"+!"aa&. Ta#2+>" Ta#2+>" )& '" a&3)! 0+"a"+)(! % !#! a* )& a'!(+a 3(!0)&+!"a* )" !! *! 5') &) ()0+)() a !2)")( % a3*+a( ()'(&!& 0+"a"+)(!& ) )"+a)&/ *a& 1()a& ) !"a2+*+a/ !"(a*!($a/ 0+"a"a& ).
A*4,nos eem*os (e *! mo"#!nc! (e *! econom$! !"! con#!(o"es con#!(o"es son: a L!& )!& )!& )!",#+!&/ )!",#+!&/ !#! !#! *a )7a*'a+,"/ )7a*'a+,"/ *a +"0*a+,"/ *a (+&+&/ )./ a0)a" a0)a" a 'a*5'+)( 'a*5'+)( +"+7+'! ' !(4a"+a+,". !(4a"+a+,". 2 L!& )&a!& 0+"a"+)(!& 0+"a"+)(!& &) 7)" a0)a!& 3!( *!& 0)",#)"!& )!",#+!& )!",#+!& +"0*a+,"/ )7a*'a+,"/ S+&)#a +#3!&++7! ). E* C!"a!( C!"a!( #a")9a #a")9a ()'(&!& ()'(&!& )!",# )!",#+!& +!& !#! !#! (a2a9!/ (a2a9!/ a3+a*. a3+a*. E. E. E" &$")&+&/ )* C!"a!( &) )&)"7')*7) )&)"7')*7) )" '" #)+! &!+!)!",#+! &!+!)!",#+! )" !") *!& 0a!()& )!",#+!& &!" aa 7) #1& +#3!(a")& 3a(a &' 7+a 3)(&!"a* % 3(!0)&+!"a* % )2) )&a( 3()3a(a! 3a(a )")")( )")")( !!& )&!& )&!& 0a!()& 5') +"0*'%)" )" &' 7+a. 7+a.
Econom$! !(mns#"!cón E* )&a((!**! &!+!)!",#+! ) *!& 3a$&)&/ '"+! a *a +7+&+," &!+a* )* (a2a9! % )" !"&)')"+a/
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La E!"!#$a % &' ()*a+," !" *a C!"a'($a/ *a A#+"+&(a+,"/ % *a I"0!(#1+a.
La )!"!#$a )& +#3!(a") 3a(a *!& a#+"+&(a!()& 3!(5') )&!& )2)": E&'+a( *a '"+a 3(!'+7a !#! )*)#)"! 21&+! ) )&a((!**! )!",#+! 4)")(a*/ a"a*+a( *a& ()*a+!")& !"()a& ) 3(!'+," )" )* !")! &!+a* 4)")(a* % !#3()")( *a +#3!(a"+a ) &'& 0'"+!")& ))(#+"a")&: 3(!'+," 3(!'+," % +&(+2'+," ) 2+)")& % &)(7++!&.
Econom$! e n)o"m;#c! La +"0!(#1+a )& '"a +&+3*+"a #'% +#3!(a") )&) 0+"a*)& )* &+4*! QQ/ % )" )&) N')7! &+4*! a a5'+(+! #a%!( ()*)7a+,". E* 3(!0)&+!"a*+a )+a! a *a +"0!(#a+," )!",#+a "))&a(+a "))&a(+a 3a(a *a B')"a #a(a ) *a& !(4a"+a+!")& !(4a"+a+!")& &!+a*)&. E* *+)"+a! )" +"0!(#1+a )& )* )3)(! 5') 3*a")a/ !(4a"+a/ +(+4) % !"(!*a )* )&a((!**! % 0'"+!"a#+)"! ,3+#! ) *!& )"(!& ) +"0!(#a+," % *!& ()'(&!& +"0!(#1+!& #)+a") *a a3*+a+," ) *a& #)9!()& >"+a& % #)!!*!4$a& ) )7a*'a+,"/ &)*)+," ) +#3*a"a+," ) &' a(5'+)'(a/ a&$ !#! ) )&a((!**! )&a((!**! ) &+&)#a& a#+"+&(a+7!& ) ) +"0!(#a+,".
A*4,nos eem*os (e *! mo"#!nc! (e *! econom$! !"! *cenc!(os en n)o"m;#c! son: •
•
•
La +"0!(#a+," &) !"&+)(a '" +"&'#! ) *a& !(4a"+a+!")& !(4a"+a+!")& &!+a*)&/ % )* )"a(4a! )"a(4a! ) 3(!)&a(*a )& '" 3(!0)&+!"+&a ) *a +"0!(#1+a. +"0!(#1+a. C!" 2a&) )" *a +"0!(#a+," )!",#+!-0+"a"+)(a )!",#+!-0+"a"+)(a 3'))" !#a(&) #)9!()& )+&+!")& )" *a& !(4a"+a+!")& !(4a"+a+!")& &!+a*)&. U" 3a$& "))&+a 3(!0)&+!"+&a& )" +"0!(#1+a 3a(a 4)")(a(/ 3(!)&a( % a"a*+a( +"0!(#a+," #a(!)!",#+a 5') 3)(#+a )0+"+( *a 3!*$+a )!",#+a 5') a2(1 ) &)4'+(&).
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La E!"!#$a % &' ()*a+," !" *a C!"a'($a/ *a A#+"+&(a+,"/ % *a I"0!(#1+a.
CONCLUSIÓN L')4! ) a2)( )3*+a! *!& !")3!& 21&+!& ) *a E!"!#$a % *a& 4(a")& 0a)a& 5') a )&)#3)@a! )&)#3)@a! 9'"! a* !#2() % a !(a& (a#a& ) *a #+&#a &) )"+)") 3!( )!"!#$a !! a5')**! 5') )&1 ()*a+!"a! !" *a 3(!'+," ) 2+)")&/ 3a(a *a &a+&0a+," ) '" 3')2*! a") *a& )&(a)4+a& ) (a2a9! 5') a)" ) *!& ()'(&!& % ) *a& a+')& 3)"&a+7a& '"a ))*)") )((a#+)"a 3a(a a4+*+a( )* (a2a9! aa31"!&) a *!& )"!("!& ) 3(!'+," 5') &!" *!& 5') +"+a" ,#! &) a(1 *a #a"! ) !2(a a") *a )*a2!(a+," ) +)(!& !29)!& 3(!3+! ) *a 3)(&!"a % 5') +)") a*48" 2)")0++! )" 3a(+'*a(. E& "))&a(+! )")( 3()&)") !!& *!& !")3!& *a7)& 5') &) )&a((!**a(!" )" )* 3()&)") (a2a9! 3a(a *a #a%!( &!&)"+2+*+a &!&)"+2+*+a )" *a 7+a 7+a +a(+a a") *!& ")4!+!&/ ")4!+!&/ a)(+! a)(+! a )&!& *a& a3a+a)& a3a+a)& ) ) 3*a")a(/ !(4a"+a(/ !(4a"+a(/ )9)'a(/ )9)'a(/ !"(!*a( !"(!*a( % +(+4+( *a a+7+a )!",#+a )!",#+a 3a(a #a+#+a( #a+#+a( *a 3(!'+7+a. S'& S'& ()*a+7a& !#3a(a+!")& !#3a(a+!")& ) )&)#3)@!& )&)#3)@!& a9'"a" a9'"a" 3a(+'*a(+a)& 3a(+'*a(+a)& ) )&()a % )&)"7!*7+)"! )&)"7!*7+)"! )" *a ()&!*'+," ) '" (a2a9! ) a*48" 3(!2*)#a 5') &) 3()&)"). L!& )#a& %a )&a((!**a!& +)(!" a !"!)( *!& 4(a")& *'4a()& 5') +#3*+a *a 3(!'+," % )* #a")9! )" *!& ")4!+!& %a &)a ) 3(!'+,"/ !(4a"+a+," !(4a"+a+," ! +#3*)#)"a+," ) ()'(&!& ! +)a*)& )* &)( '#a"!. E" !"*'&+,"/ )* &)"+! ) a)( % ()a( &) )"(a )" *a 0!(#a )" 5') *a &!+)a *! !2&)(7). T!! *! 5') !"0!(#a )* (a2a9! %a &)a ) a&3)! a#+"+&(a+7!/ )!",#+! ! +"0!(#1+! )& '" #)a"+&#! ) (a%)!(+a 5') 7a )&) *! 3a(+'*a(/ a&a *! 4)")(a*; )&) &+'a+!")& !"+&a& a&a a+7+a)& !#3*)#)"a(+a& !#3*)#)"a(+a& 5') a)" ) *a #a"! 3(!'+7a HE* !#2() '"a #)9!( )((a#+)"a )"(a* ) 3(!'+,".
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