La Economía Peruana

 

]hh knsmussnads, stits, idk iutlar prafnbhs far tlns puebnmitnad puebnmitnad it? lttps?//www.rhshirmlgith.dht/puebnmitnad/58;;;99==

Bi hmadajêi phruidi hd bi ÿbtnji kîmiki? Jhoar khshjphùa y jiyar rhsnbnhdmni i bis mrnsns  Irtnmbh · Oiduiry 5090

MN[I[NAD]

UHIK]

6

8,989

5 iutlars?

Gustiva ^ijiki

Ouid F Mistra

Xdnvhrsnty af tlh Pimnfnm (Phru)

Xdnvhrsnty af tlh Pimnfnm (Phru)

88 PXEBNMI[NAD]  695 MN[I[NAD]  

=7 PXEBNMI[NAD]  50= MN[I[NAD]  

]HH PUAFNBH

Ibb madthdt fabbawndg tlns pigh wis upbaikhk ey Gustiva ^ijiki ^ijiki ad  ad 5< Jiy 509;. [lh ushr lis rhquhsthk hdlidmhjhdt af tlh kawdbaikhk fnbh.

]HH PUAFNBH

 

 

KAMXJHD[A KH KN]MX]NÝD  KK/90/05  Bi hmadajêi phruidi hd bi ÿbtnji kîmiki? Jhoar khshjphùa y jiyar rhsnbnhdmni i bis mrnsns‚ 

‒

Gustiva ^ijiki  Ouid Fridmnsma Mistra

 [rieioa prhpirika prhpirika piri bi Madfhrhdmni Madfhrhdmni Ndthrdimnadib ‒Pabêtnmis Hmadýjnmis hd Ijîrnmi Bitndi‚  Padtnfnmni Xdnvhrsnkik Mitýbnmi khb Hmuikar Yunta, Amtuerh 5090

 

 

KAMXJHD[A KH KN]MX]NÝD  KK/90/05  © 5090 Mhdtra kh Ndvhstngimnýd kh bi Xdnvhrsnkik khb Pimêfnma

KK/90/05

Kamujhdta kh Knsmusnýd  

Bi hmadajêi phruidi hd bi ÿbtnji kîmiki? Jhoar khshjphùa y jiyar rhsnbnhdmni i bis mrnsns ‒

‚

Hbiearika par Gustiva ^ijiki y Ouid Fridmnsma Mistra+  Amtuerh 5090 Uhsujhd 

Hsti ndvhstngimnýd hxijndi hb khshjphùa hmadýjnma y samnib khb Phrÿ P hrÿ kuridth bi prnjhri kîmiki khb sngba \\N y ba majpiri mad bas khmhdnas idthrnarhs. Hd pirtnmubir, sh hvibÿi hd quî jhknki hb Phrÿ fuh mipiz kh "khsimapbirsh" kh bi rhmnhdth fndidmnhri judknibvhz y kh pragrhsa rhgnstrika hd sus ndknmikarhs hmadýjnmas, biearibhsmrnsns y samnibhs. Par prnjhri hdjidthdhr su lnstarnihbmadthjparédhi, bi hmadajêi phruidi li snka rhbitnvijhdth rhbitnvijhdth rhsnbnhdth i udi mrnsns fndidmnhri ndthrd ndthrdimnadib, imnadib, grimnis i kas kîmikis kh pabêtnmis jimrahmadýjnmis prukhdths quh phrjntnhrad bi ipbnmimnýd ndîknti kh pabêtnmis fnsmibhs y jadhtirnis idtnmêmbnmis. Hb jhoar ndknmikar gbaeib quh hvibÿi hb njpimta samnib kh hstas tnhjpas tureubhdtas hs bi hvabumnýd kh bi ndmnkhdmni kh bi paerhzi hd hb Phrÿ, hb muib li knsjndunka hd mitarmh pudtas parmhdtuibhs hdtrh 500; y 500> (kh ;0. Xd kréstnma pbid kh hstienbnzimnýd madamnka maja Fuon-]lamc y rhfarjis kh jhrmika hd misn taki bi hmadajêi, hohmutikas kuridth bas prnjhras iùas kh bi kîmiki >0, jhoarirad hb khshjphùa hmadýjnma khb Phrÿ hd bas sngunhdths iùas. Par hohjpba, bi shgudki mabujdi khb Muikra 9 juhstri quh bas kîfnmnts fnsmibhs hd hsi kîmiki asmnbirad hdtrh hb 9 y hb =% khb PEN. Bi prnjhri mabujdi ndknmi, da aestidth, quh bi hmadajêi phruidi madtnduý hxphrnjhdtika tisis kh mrhmnjnhdta dhgitnvis hd ibgudas kh hsas iùas. Bi rhmhsnýd kh 9>>0 pakrêi itrneunrsh i bis jhknkis ndhbuknebhs kh iousth quh sh dhmhsntieid  piri ieitnr bi lnphrndfbimnýd lnphrndfbimn ýd lhrhkiki kh bas iùas >0.

Muikra 9? Phrÿ. Prndmnpibhs Ndknmikarhs Jimrahmadýjnmas 9> (hd parmhdtiohs)* Iùa

Mrhmnjnhdta Eibidzi hd [isi kh Eibidmh Fnsmib rhib khb PEN Muhdti Marrnhdth ndfbimnýd

9>.=

-99.=

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958.9

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=

 

 

Iùa

Mrhmnjnhdta Eibidmh Fnsmib Eibidzi hd [isi kh rhib khb PEN Muhdti Marrnhdth ndfbimnýd

9>.;

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9,755.=

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6

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-5.5

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500> 0.> -9.> 0.5 0.= Fuhdth? Eidma Mhdtrib kh Uhshrvi khb Phrÿ (EMUP). *? Eibidmh fnsmib y hd muhdti marrnhdth kh bi eibidzi kh pigas maja parmhdtiohs khb PEN.

Luea kas knstndtas gaenhrdas hd bi kîmiki kh 5000, Ibhoidkra [abhka (5009-5006) y Ibid Girmêi (5006-5099)3 snd hjeirga, bis pabêtnmis jimrahmadýjnmis mirimthrnzikis  par bi prukhdmni fnsmib y jadhtirni y bi arnhdtimnýd ib jhrmika madtnduirad, iujhdtidka su hfnmimni piri bagrir rhsubtikas hmadýjnmas pasntnvas. Isê, bis tisis kh mrhmnjnhdta hd bi kîmiki khb >0 sh ndmrhjhdtirad listi ibmidzir ud prajhkna par hdmnji khb 6% iduib, madvnrtnîdkash hd bi prnjhri kîmiki, khskh 9>60, snd ud saba iùa kh mrhmnjnhdta dhgitnva. ]aerh udi eish iduib, bi kîmiki khb 5000 pakrêi shr khmbiriki maja ‒bnerh kh rhmhsnýd‚. Iudquh bi mrnsns fndidmnhri gbaeib rhkuoa sngdnfnmitnvijhdth bi tisi kh mrhmnjnhdta kh >.% hd 500>, îsti da tajý ud vibar dhgitnva. Par ba tidta, hd hsth shdtnka, par prnjhri vhz hb Phrÿ pakrêi liehr bagrika ud misa kh "khsimapbijnhdta" rhbitnva kh bi mrnsns gbaeib. ]nd hjeirga, muidka das imhrmijas i bis mnfris rhmnhdths kh prakummnýd y aeshrvijas bas kitas trnjhstribhs, surgh udi njighd jés prhmnsi quh irraoi shùibhs mbiris kh udi rhmhsnýd marti y suivh quh kurý iphdis kas trnjhstrhs. Hb Gréfnma 9 juhstri quh hb PEN sh rhkuoa hd hb shgudka y thrmhr trnjhstrh kh 500> (ud 9,5% y 0,6%, rhsphmtnvijhdth), mad rhsphmta ib jnsja trnjhstrh khb iùa idthrnar. Hsth khshjphùa sh iousti hximtijhdth i bi khfndnmnýd jés majÿd kh udi rhmhsnýd? kas trnjhstrhs madshmutnvas kh mrhmnjnhdta dhgitnva. ]nd hjeirga, sh vabvný i rhgnstris ud mrhmnjnhdta pasntnva hd hb muirta trnjhstrh kh 500>, mad ud iujhdta kh =,;% mad rhsphmta ib jnsja phrnaka kh 5000 y 9>

==.9

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900.0

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Pirtnmnpimnýd kh bi fuhrzi biearib Paebimnýd ndimtnvi

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Paebimnýd hd hkik kh trieioir

900.0

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[atib

Fuhdth? NDHN. Hdmuhsti Phrjidhdth kh Hjpbha kh Bnji Jhtrapabntidi - HPH (500=, 500>;, khshstimnadibnzika) Hdhra 5005- Oubna 5090 680 600 880 800 ;80 ;00 =80 =00 Hdh 05

Hdh0=

Hdh 0;

Hdh 08

Hdh 06

Hdh 07

Hdh0<

Hdh 0>

Hdh90

Fuhdth? Eidma Mhdtrib kh Uhshrvi khb Phrÿ (EMUP).

Hsti grid mrnsns ndthrdimnadib ifhmtý i bi hmadajêi phruidi, prndmnpibjhdth, i trivîs khb midib majhrmnib. Maja bas fbuoas kh madsuja h ndvhrsnýd miyhrad hd hb rhsta khb judka, bi khjidki igrhgiki hxthrdi par duhstras enhdhs tridsiebhs knsjnduyý y hsta sh trikuoa hd udi rhkummnýd kh sus prhmnas. Hb vibar kh bis hxpartimnadhs tatibhs miyý hd <

 

  =5% sn sh majpirid bas prnjhras trnjhstrhs khb 500< y 500>. Maja madshmuhdmni, y i  phsir kh quh bis njpartimnadhs tatibhs tijenîd hxphrnjhdtirad udi fuhrth knsjndumnýd, bi eibidzi majhrmnib phruidi hxlnený rhsubtikas dhgitnvas khspuîs kh jés kh mndma iùas kuridth hb ÿbtnja trnjhstrh kh 500< (vhr Gréfnma ;).  

Gréfnma ;? Phrÿ. Eibidzi majhrmnib, hxpartimnadhs h njpartimnadhs Hdhra 5005  ”  Oubna  Oubna 5090 (hd jnbbadhs kh kýbirhs) =,800 =,000 5,800 5,000 9,800 9,000 800 0 -800 Hdh0 5

Hdh0 =

Hdh0;

Eibidzi Majhr m nib

Hdh08

Hdh 06

Hdh 07

Hxpartim nadhs tatibhs

Hdh 0<

Hdh 0>

Hdh9 0

Njpar tim nadhs tatibh s

Fuhdth? Eidma Mhdtrib kh Uhshrvi khb Phrÿ P hrÿ (EMUP). 

Gréfnma 8? Phrÿ. PEN shmtarnibhs (virnimnýd % iduib) 5007/5090-NN 58% 50% 98% 90% 8% 0% -8% -90% -98%    N    7    0    0    5

   N    N    7    0    0    5

   N    N    N    7    0    0    5

   V    N    7    0    0    5

   N    <    0    0    5

   N    N    <    0    0    5

   N    N    N    <    0    0    5

   V    N    <    0    0    5

   N    >    0    0    5

   N    N    >    0    0    5

   N    N    N    >    0    0    5

   V    N    >    0    0    5

Igr nm ubtur i

Jndh rêi

Jidufim tur i

Madstrum m nýd

Majh rm na

Atr as sh rvnm nas

   N    0    9    0    5

   N    N    0    9    0    5

Fuhdth? Eidma Mhdtrib kh Uhshrvi khb Phrÿ (EMUP).

>

 

 

Hd vnsti kh bas rhsubtikas knsmutnkas idthrnarjhdth, da hs knfêmnb prhvhr quh bas hfhmtas kh bi mrnsns sh madmhdtrirad hd bas shmtarhs jés vndmubikas mad bi khjidki hxthrdi? bi jidufimturi, hb majhrmna y bi jndhrêi. Bas atras shmtarhs quh madmhdtrid imtnvnkikhs da tridsiebhs, maja bi madstrummnýd y shrvnmnas, hxphrnjhdtirad udi khsimhbhrimnýd, jis da udi madtrimmnýd (vhr Gréfnma 8). Bis imtnvnkikhs tridsiebhs sad têpnmijhdth farjibhs y, par tidta, su khsmhdsa tuva ud hfhmta dhgitnva saerh bi rhmiukimnýd trneutirni, quh  prhshdtý tisis kh mrhmnjnhdta dhgitnvis listi 95 jhshs khspuîs kh bi hxpbasnýd kh bi mrnsns (vhr Gréfnma 6). 

Gréfnma 6? Phrÿ. Uhmiukimnýd trneutirni (virnimnýd % rhib iduib) Hdhra 5007  ”  Igasta  Igasta 5090 80% ;0% =0% 50% 90% 0% -90% -50% -=0% -;0% Hdh07

Jiy07

]h p07

Hdh0<

Jiy0<

Ndgrh dgrhsa sass trn rneu euttirn rnas as (j (jnb nbb. b. ]/ ]/..)

]hp0<

Hdh0>

Jiy0>

Njp. i ba bass ndgr ndgrhs hsas as (j (jnb nbb. b. ]/. ]/.)

]h p0>

Hdh 90

Jiy90

Njp. NGV ((j jnb nbb. b. ]/. ]/.)

Fuhdth? Eidma Mhdtrib kh Uhshrvi khb Phrÿ (EMUP).

Bi mrnsns ndthrdimnadib idthrnar (9>>>) ifhmtý i bi hmadajêi phruidi i trivîs khb midib fndidmnhra prndmnpibjhdth. Hb jhrmika fndidmnhra dimnadib hri ibtijhdth khphdknhdth kh bas fbuoas kh mipntib hxthrda3 par ba quh, idth su rhtnra jisnva, amurrný udi madtrimmnýd khb mrîknta ndthrda. Bas hfhmtas rhibhs sh igrivirad par bi hxnsthdmni kh ud ibta mahfnmnhdth kh kabirnzimnýd hd bi hmadajêi phruidi? udi vhz quh hb tnpa kh mijena sh khprhmný, sh imtnvý hb hfhmta ‒laoi kh eibidmh‚ saerh bis imtnvnkikhs da tridsiebhs kh bi hmadajêi. Bas fbuoas kh ndvhrsnýd hxphrnjhdtirad ud khsmhdsa  pradudmnika y hsta jigdnfnmý ji gdnfnmý hb hfhmta rhib kh bi mrnsns hxthrdi y bi lnza jés jé s phrsnsthdth. Hsth hsmhdirna idthrnar, snd hjeirga, da marrhspadkh mad bas hfhmtas aeshrvikas kuridth bi imtuib mrnsns fndidmnhri ndthrdimnadib. Hd hb hstibbnka kh bi mrnsns, bi ndvhrsnýd bamib hri jhdas khphdknhdth kh bas fbuoas kh mipntib hxtridohra kh marta pbiza? lieêi ud sibka  pasntnva hd bi eibidzi kh pigas par virnas iùas, y Eidma Mhdtrib tuva rhmursas sufnmnhdths piri ithduir bis prhsnadhs saerh hb tnpa kh mijena. Hb mrîknta tatib ib shmtar  prnvika snguný mrhmnhdka (iudquh i ud rntja jés bhdta) y, par tidta, bas fbuoas kh ndvhrsnýd sýba hxphrnjhdtirad udi knsjndumnýd thjparib khenka i bas iousths kh ndvhdtirnas (vhr Gréfnma 7). Bas mijenas hd bis tisis kh ndthrîs bamibhs lid snka jés ud

90

 

  rhfbhoa kh bi arnhdtimnýd hxpidsnvi khb Eidma Mhdtrib khb Phrÿ quh kh ibgudi rhstrnmmnýd kh mrîknta miusiki par bi madtrimmnýd kh fbuoas kh mipntib hxthrda (vhr Gréfnma >;) 5007/5090-NN 9;000 95000 90000 [5 0 > [= 0> [; 9 0 [9 9 0 [5 Ndvh r snýd er uti fnoi pr nviki

Ndvh r snýd er uti fnoi pÿebnm i

Vir . Ndvh dtir nas

Fuhdth? Eidma Mhdtrib kh Uhshrvi khb Phrÿ P hrÿ (EMUP). 

Gréfnma