La Delincuencia en Menores de Edad

September 21, 2022 | Author: Anonymous | Category: N/A

Short Description

Download La Delincuencia en Menores de Edad...

Description

LGDFKCWGKCFJ GK OGKIUGS LG GLJL

WKFPGUSFLJL JKLFKJ —KÆS\IU CÊCGUGS PGDÊSZWG^‟

@JCWD\JL CFGKCFJS NWUÏLFCJS V QIDÏ\FCJS GSCWGDJ QUI@GSFIKJD LGUGCMI

JSFBKJ\WUJ> SICFIDIBÏJ NWUÏLFCJ

SGOGS\UG> FFF

\GOJ> LGDFKCWGKCFJ GK OGKIUGS LG GLJL

LICGK\G> O. Sc. CIJCJDDJ PJUBJS GDF^JDLG

LFCGK\G> BUG\MGD EUFLBG\ BJUJOEGD JQJ^J

QWKI – QGUÞ QGUÞ 51:=

:

LGDFKCWGKCFJ GK OGKIUGS LG GLJL

5

Gstg trjejni di lglfci j ofs pjlrgs, j of mgrojki qufgkgs sfgoprg gstêk cikofbi gk djs eugkjs y gk djs ojdjs, tjoefæk dg lglfci j ustgl O. Sc. CIJCJDDJ PJUBJS GDF^JDLG pir gd gopgúi qug pikg pjrj qug kisitris sgjois ognirgs pgrsikjs jcjlæofcjogktgg y tgkbjois ukj eugkj ìrojcfók jcjlæofcjogkt ìrojcf ók pri`gsfikjd, qufgk gk dis sjdikgs lg cdjsgs kis gksgúj dgccfikgs pjrj sjegr uk pici oês sierg dj Sicfidibïj y cioi fktgrvfgkg gstg gk gd Lgrgcmi jd ddjojrsg Sicfidibïj Nurïlfcj.

LGDFKCWGKCFJ GK OGKIUGS LG GLJL

3

Jbrjlgzci j Lfis pir dj ipirtukfljl qug og erfklj lg gstjr jqu jquïï gstulfjkli y vfvfgkli8 tjoefæk j ofs pjlrgs pir pir gd gsùg gsùgrzi rzi qug mjcgk pjrj pjrj qug gsj gsj pri`gsfikjd pri`gsfikjd y ukj ognir pgrsikjd gk gstj vflj8 tjoefæk ustgl O. Sc. CIJCJDDJ PJUBJS GDF^JDLG pir djs cdjsgs qug gksgúj y kis lgdgftj uk pici cik dj Sicfidibïj Nurïlfcj.

LGDFKCWGKCFJ GK OGKIUGS LG GLJL

<

Ciktgkfli Fktriluccfók ...................... ............................................. ............................................. ............................................ ............................................ ...................................... ................ 2 CJQF\WDI F ........................................... ................................................................. ............................................ ............................................ ...................................... ................ = LGDFKCWGKCFJ GK OGKIUGS LG GLJL .......................... ............................................ ............................................. ........................... .... = :.- Cikcgptis Bgkgrjdgs> ..................... ........................................... ............................................. ............................................. ......................................... ................... = :.:.- Lgdfkcugkcfj .................... ........................................... ............................................. ............................................ ............................................. ........................... .... = :.:.:.- Qjrêogtris Sicfjdgs y Cudturjdgs .................... .......................................... ............................................. ................................ ......... :1 5.- Dj Lgdfkcugkcfj Gk Ogkirgs Lg Gljl..................... ........................................... ............................................. .................................... ............. :: 5.:.- ¹Zuæ gs uk lgdfkcugktg ogkir lg gljl9 .......................................... ................................................................. ............................ ..... :3 5.5.- @jctirgs qug Qrglfspikgk dj Lgdfkcugkcfj ................................................. .................................................................. .................:7 5.5.:.- @jctirgs sioêtfcis .................... .......................................... ............................................ ............................................ ................................ .......... :7 5.5.5.- @jctirgs @jofdfjrgs ...................... ............................................. ............................................. ............................................ ............................ ...... :2 5.5.3.- @jctirgs Qsfcidóbfcis ..................................................... ........................................................................... ....................................... ................. :6 5.5. Gksgújkzjs> ................... ......................................... ............................................ ......................... ... 3= 5.6. ........................ .............................................. ............................................ ............................................ ......................... ... 36 5.6.7.- Fkvgstfbjc Fkvgstfbjcfók fók Lg Djs Cjusjs................ Cjusjs...................................... ............................................ ........................................... ..................... ............. cikcduyg> "dj kgcgsfljl lg gstulfjr gstulfjr dis g`gctis lg dj lgdfkcug lgdfkcugkcfj kcfj gk djs zikjs urejkjs". Gk dj jctujdfljl gstê jcgptjli qug dis fopjctis lgd lgdfti y dj lgdfkcugkcfj tfgkgk, gk gd oglfi urejki, su prfkcfpjd tgjtri lg ipgrjcfikgs, y qug gs gk djs cfuljlgs liklg gogrbgk dis prfkcfpjdgs priedgojs lg sgburfljl y liklg lgegk pikgrsg j lfspisfcfók dis rgcursis lg jkêdfsfs y lg rgspugstj fkstftucfikjd j djs lfsùkcfikgs sicfjdgs qug bgkgrjk dis kugvis `gkóogkis qug fkcflgk gk dj sgburfljl y gk su pgrcgpcfók.

LGDFKCWGKCFJ GK OGKIUGS LG GLJL

::

Nirlf Eirnj y Ojkugd Cjstgdds pripikgk qug, `rgktg j dj prgsfók oglfêtfcj, tgckidóbfcj y gcikóofcj lg dj "cudturj mioibgkgfzjlirj" lg dj bdiejdfzjcfók, miy djs cfuljlgs sik djs gstructurjs irbjkfzjtfvjs, sicfjdgs y pidïtfcjs qug gstêk gk ognir sftujcfók pjrj mjcgr `rgktg j djs pgrvgrsfikgs lg gsj bdiejdfzjcfók8 su prixfofljl j dis priedgojs rgjdgs lg dis cfuljljki cfuljljkiss dgs pgroftgk gstructurjr rgspugstjs j pjrtfr lg su rid mfstórfci lg gstjedgcgr uk sgktfofgkti lg pgrtgkgkcfj y lg flgktfljl ejsjli ki gk tærofkis ætkfcis i cudturjdgs, sfki gk tærofkis lg citflfjkfljl, lg kirojdfljl lg djs rgdjcfikgs gktrg lf`grgktgs, gk lg`fkftfvj lg jcgptjcfók lg dj lf`grgkcfj cioi jdbi kirojd y mjstj privgcmisi pjrj dj cioukfljl gk su ciknukti. Jsï pugs, gs gk gstg ojrci lg prixfofljl j dj vflj cfuljljkj liklg dis jkêdfsfs, sierg dis fopjctis lg dj lgdfkcugkcfj gk djs cfuljlgs, gkcugktrjk rgdgvjkcfj rgdgvjkcfj y utfdfljl sicfjd8 tjkti pir sgr uki lg dis priedgojs prfkcfpjdgs cik dis qug sg gkcugktrjk djs cfuljlgs y su bgstfók, cioi pir dj tgklgkcfj lg dj ojyirïj lg dj piedjcfók ouklfjd j cikcgktrjrsg gk djs cfuljlgs. Gd gstulfi y jkêdfsfs lg dj sgburfljl, y lg djs ciksgcugkcfjs lg dj lgdfkcugkcfj gk dj vflj lg djs cfuljlgs, gs miy ukj kgcgsfljl pjrj dis biefgrkis dicjdgs, j dj qug dj cioukfljl cfgktï`fcj mj lg ljr ukj rgspugstj fkcirpirjkli su gstulfi j dj citflfjkfljl fkvgstfbjlirj.

5.- Dj Lgdfkcugkcfj Gk Ogkirgs Lg Gljl Bgkgrjdogktg, dj lgdfkcugkcfj fk`jktfd gs uk `gkóogki pici trjtjli pir dj dftgrjturj crfofkidóbfcj, pripircfikjkli oês æk`jsfs j dj lgdfkcugkcfj nuvgkfd. Lgslg uk pukti lg vfstj nurïlfci pgkjd, cujkli mjedjois lg lgdfkcugkcfj fk`jktfd mjcgois rg`grgkcfj j jqugddis ogkirgs lg :< júis, dis cujdgs sik gxgktis lg sgr rgspiksjedgs pgkjdogktg pir lgdftis i `jdtjs tfpf`fcjlis gk gd Cólfbi Qgkjd. Jukqug dis crftgrfis lg nustf`fcjcfók lg gstj lgdfoftjcfók lg gljl mj sfli iengti lg lfvgrsis lgejtgs pidïtfci-crfofkjdgs, dj gvflgkcfj gopïrfcj mj lgoistrjli qug dis lgdftis ciogtfli pir gstis ogkirgs ki sik ogkis dgvgs qug dis lg dis jludtis.

LGDFKCWGKCFJ GK OGKIUGS LG GLJL

:5

Cjlj vgz mjy oês ogkirgs lg gljl fkviducrjlis gk mgcmis lgdfctfvis lg vjrfjlj kjturjdgzj> lgslg pgqugúis murtis cjddgngris mjstj miofcflfis, pjsjkli pir trê`fci lg gstupg`jcfgktgs y sgcugstris. Dj sftujcfók ki sódi gs prgicupjktg pirqug mjcg vfsfedgs dis lg`gctis lg kugstrj sicfgljl gk dj ìrojcfók lg djs kugvjs bgkgrjcfikgs, sfki pirqug gk oucmis cjsis djs sjkcfikgs qug rgcfegk sik pgrcfefljs pir dj cioukfljl cioi ukj eurdj j dj nustfcfj. Jsï icurrg, pir gngopdi, cik oucmjcmis qug jd sgr ciklgkjlis pir miofcflfi sik gkvfjlis j cgktris lg rgmjefdftjcfók, cioi jcjej lg icurrfr cik uk nivgk lg :0 júis qug jsgsfkó j uk cikluctir lg \rjksogtri gk Ejrrjkqufddj

Gd priedgoj rjlfcj gk dj ìroj cioi sg lgeg trjzjr gd dïoftg gktrg qufgk pir tgkgr pdgkj cikcfgkcfj lg di qug mjcg ogrgcg fr j dj cêrcgd pir dis crïogkgs crï ogkgs ciogtflis, y qufgk jd cjrgcgr lg gsj cjpjcfljl lgeg sgr fktgrkjli gk dubjrgs qug dg pgroftjk suesjkjr gsj `jdgkcfj. @rgktg j dj lf`fcudtjl prêctfcj lg mjcgr uk gxjogk psfcidóbfci j tilis dis pisfedgs jutirgs lg uk lgdfti pjrj lgcflfr sf sg dis pricgsj cioi jludtis i cioi ogkirgs, dj dgy pgkjd cidioefjkj `fnó `fn ó uk dïoftg lg gljl (:= júis) pir lgejni lgd cujd sg prgsuog qug dj pgrsikj ki tfgkg jptftul lg cioprgklgr dj fdfcftul lg su ciopirtjofgkti8 cioi dj kiroj ki tfgkg gxcgpcfikgs, tili jqugd qug ki jdcjkcg gsg uoerjd (jsï sgj pir picis lïjs u mirjs) rgcfeg trjtjofgkti lg fkojluri, juk cujkli rgsudtg lf`ïcfd lg crggr qug ki gstæ gk ciklfcfikgs lg gktgklgr, pir gngopdi, qug prfvjr lg dj dfegrtjl j jdbufgk gk ciktrj lg su viduktjl i jpuújdjrdi sik cikluctjs lgdfctfvjs. Mjy, sfk goejrbi, ukj ipcfók fktgroglfj qug sg mj priejli cik æxfti gk jdbukis itris pjïsgs. Ciksfstg gk ojktgkgr cioi rgbdj bgkgrjd qug qufgk ki mj jdcjkzjli lgtgrofkjlj gljl gstê gk fopisfefdfljl lg lfstfkbufr gktrg jctujcfikgs dïcftjs g fdïcftjs, pgri fkcduygkli dj `jcudtjl lg qug, `rgktg j cjsis cikcrgtis gk dis qug mjyj luljs sierg dj ojlurgz psfcidóbfcj lgd ogkir fkviducrjli gk uk lgdfti, sg di puglj siogtgr j gxêogkgs qug pgroftjk lgtgrofkjr sf su brjli

LGDFKCWGKCFJ GK OGKIUGS LG GLJL

:3

lg lgsjrriddi ogktjd dg pgroftïj i ki vjdirjr su jccfók cioi jktfnurïlfcj8 sf gd jkêdfsfs lgoistrjrj qug pilïj mjcgrdi, lgegrïj sgr nuzbjli cioi jludti y, lg sgr mjddjli rgspiksjedg, sjkcfikjli cioi tjd cik jesidutj fklgpgklgkcfj lg sf cikìrog j djs d js dgygs cidioefjkjs puglg i ki sgr ciksflgrjli cioi uk ogkir lg gljl. Gstj siducfók pgroftfrïj qug sódi ùgrjk trjtjlis cioi fkojluris y rgcduflis gk cgktris qug dgs pgroftfgrjk tgrofkjr lg lgsjrriddjrsg psfcidóbfcjogktg, jqugddjs pgrsikjs qug pir su cirtj gljl rgjdogktg ki tfgkgk dj cjpjcfljl lg lfstfkbufr gktrg ukj jctfvfljl dïcftj y itrj crfofkjd. \joefæk sg lgsgstfoudjrïj j dis brupis lgdfkcugkcfjdgs qug pjrj ciogtgr brjvgs lgdftis rgcurrgk cik cjlj vgz oês `rgcugkcfj j oucmjcmis qug ki mjk jdcjkzjli dj ojyirïj lg gljl, cik gd jdfcfgktg lg qug gk cjsi lg sgr jprgmgklflis y ciklgkjlis sódi frïjk pir pici tfgopi j cgktris lg rgmjefdftjcfók cioi sf ùgrjk sfopdgogktg ukis nóvgkgs lïscidis. Qgri, sierg tili, ki lgeg idvfljrsg qug dj crgcfgktg lgdfkcugkcfj nuvgkfd mjcg gvflgktg qug gd Gstjli gstê `jddjkli gk dj ìrojcfók lg sus kugvjs bgkgrjcfikgs. bgkgrjcfikgs. Qjrj prgvgkfr dj lgdfkcugkcfj fk`jktfd jlqufgrg gspgcfjd fopirtjkcfj dj lgtgccfók lg `jctirgs ` jctirgs lg rfgsbi gk dj gtjpj tgoprjkj qug supikgk uk rfgsbi pjrj gd ùturi lgsjrriddi lg cikluctjs jktfsicfjdgs gk dj gtjpj lg dj jlidgscgkcfj jlidgscgkcfj i jludtj.

5.:.- ¹Zuæ gs uk lgdfkcugktg ogkir lg gljl9 Dj lgdfkcugkcfj lg ogkirgs ki gs uk `gkóogki kugvi gk gd oukli. Fkcdusi mjy prugejs qug ljtjk lgd júi 310 jktgs lg Ngsucrfsti, pugsti qug yj gk dj dgy lg djs ]FF \jedjs gxfstïjk lfspisfcfikgs gspgcfjdgs jpdfcjedgs j dis kfúis qug mjeïjk ciogtfli rieis. Dis riojkis rgcikicfgrik qug dj rgspiksjefdfljl pir gsis lgdftis grj jtgkujlj. \joefæk puglg sgújdjrsg qug dj lgdfkcugkcfj lg ogkirgs ki gs gk oili jdbuki ukj cisj pgcudfjr lg kugstrj bgkgrjcfók. V pugstis j dj lg`gksfvj, oucmis puglgk lgcfr qug ki gs pjtrfoikfi gxcdusfvi lg uk pjïs i ukj cudturj.

LGDFKCWGKCFJ GK OGKIUGS LG GLJL

:<

Qgri tjdgs mgcmis ki sik lg brjk ciksugdi. Ki kis jyuljk j gk`rgktjrkis cik dis priedgojs kf j oglfrdis i trjtjr t rjtjr lg rgsidvgrdis. Sf efgk gs priejedg qug gk oucmis pjïsgs sg mjyj gxjbgrjli i gxpditjli gk dj prgksj i gk lgtgrofkjljs pgdïcudjs dj jopdftul y lgprjvjcfók lg dj lgdfkcugkcfj nuvgkfd, ki lgnj lg sgr cfgrti qug dj lgdfkcugkcfj gxfstg vfrtujdogktg miy lïj gk tilis dis pjïsgs lgd oukli. Gk gd fkìrog lg djs Kjcfikgs Wkfljs, Qgrspgctfvj pjrj gd qufkqugkfi :601-:60 «Gk gd cjopi lgd lgd lgdfti y dj lgdfkcugkcfj gxfstg miy uk priedgoj brjvg y ouy gxtgklfli, pgri qug pjrgcg rgvgstfr gspgcfjd brjvgljl gk jdbukis lg dis pjïsgs oms lgsjrriddjlis > dj lgdfkcugkcfj lg ogkirgs. Qir ukj rjzók u itrj, dis lfvgrsis sgrvfcfis qug dis gxpgrtis mjeïjk prgvfsti pjrj prgvgkfr gstj lgdfkcugkcfj ki mjk tgkfli, gk bgkgrjd, gd æxfti gspgrjli. Gs prgcfsi gkìcjr gk ìroj ouy jopdfj gd gstulfi lg djs cjusjs sueyjcgktgs y crgjr kugvis oætilis cik quæ pikgrdgs rgoglfi. Gk rgjdfljl, oucmis gspgcfjdfstjs gk glucjcfók y psfcidibïj rgcmjzjk dj gxprgsfók —nivgk lgdfkcugktg‟, qug sg mj utfdfzjli lgojsfjli `rgcugkt gogktg

y cik gxcgsfvj `jcfdfljl pjrj

rg`grfrsg j dis nóvgkgs qug, pir cujdqufgr rjzók, rgsudtjk lgsjbrjljedgs. lgsjbrjljedgs. Gd Sgbukli Sgbukli Cikbrgsi lg djs Kjcfikgs Wkfljs sierg Qrgvgkcfók lgd Lgdfti y \rjtjofgkti lgd Lgdfkcugktg, rgciogkló> Sfk trjtjr lg ìroudjr ukj lg`fkfcfók oilgdi lg di qug lgeg gktgklgrsg pir lgdfkcugkcfj lg ogkirgs gk cjlj pjïs, rgciofgklj, j) qug gd sfbkf`fcjli lg dj `rjsg lgdfkcugkcfj lg ogkirgs sg dfoftg di oês pisfedg j djs trjksbrgsfikgs lgd lgrgcmi pgkjd, y e) qug ki sg crggk, kf sfqufgrj cik gd `f `fkk lg pritgccfók, kugvjs `ìrojs irojs dgbjdgs lg lgdfti qug cjstfbugk djs pgqugújs frrgbudjrfljlgs i ojkf`gstjcfikgs lg fkjljptjcfók lg dis ogkirgs, pgri pir djs qug ki sg pricgsjrïj j dis jludtis.

LGDFKCWGKCFJ GK OGKIUGS LG GLJL

:7

Sg mjcg jquï dj prulgktg subgstfók lg qug ki jpdfqugois djs pjdjerjs cc ogkir lgdfkcugktg sfk rjzók y sfk oglflj. Ki lgeg ciksflgrjrsg cioi lgdfkcugktg j tili ogkir qug fk`rfknj ukj rgbdj nuvgktul rjrj vgz sg jtfgkg lg oili cikstjktg j djs pjutjs ìroudjljs pir dis jludtis, y j di qug æstis gspgrjk lg dis nóvgkgs. Gk dj sgbuklj pjrtg lg gsj rgciogkljcfók lg djs Kjcfikgs Wkfljs sg mjcg tjoefæk dj subgstfók lg qug ki sg jpdfqugk djs dgygs lg tjd ojkgrj qug sg cjstfbug j ogkirgs qug fkcurrjk gk pgqugújs `jdtjs qug ciogtfljs pir jludtis ki sgrïjk pukfedgs.

5.5.- @jctirgs qug Qrglfspikgk dj Lgdfkcugkcfj 5.5.:. 5.5 .:.- @ jct cti ir gs si sio oêtf cis

"Ogktg sjkj gk cugrpi sjki", lg uk kfúi `ïsfcjogktg gk`groi ki sg puglg gxfbfr uk ciopirtjofgkti rgcti y mikgsti, y ogkis cujkli gsj gk`grogljl sg lgeg jd mjoerg y dj `jdtj lg jtgkcfók. Gd mjoerg y dj d j gk`grogljl, jciopjújli jciopjújliss lgd `jktjsoj lg dj lgskutrfcfók fk`jktfd. Ki sg puglg gstjr irbuddisi lg dj pripfj pjtrfj ofgktrjs gktrg gddjs vfvjk kfúis gk`grois y cik mjoerg. Dis `jctirgs sioêtfcis sg lfvflg gk trgs brupis> cikbækftis i mgrglftjrfis, dis jlqufrflis gk gd oiogkti lgd kjcfofgkti y dis pistkjtjdgs. 5.5.:.: 5.5 .:.:..- Di ci cikbæ kbækfti kfti>>

Mgrglisï`fdfs. Quglg prilucfr ukj jopdfj bjoj lg jkiojdïjs, lg dj idfbi`rgkfj priùklj j dj fkgstjefdfljl ogktjd, lg dj gpfdgpsfj j dj lgìrojcfók lgd cjrêctgr.

Jdcimidfsoi. Sfbug sfgkli uki priedgoj sgrfi, ki k i iestjktg gk su kg`jstj fk`dugkcfj sierg dis ùturis mfnis, sfki pir dj prgcicfljl cik qug sg prfkcfpfj j egegr. Quglg prilucfr cikluctjs fkgstjedgs, cik ùgrtg tgklgkcfj j dj pgrvgrsfók lg dis fkstfktis, lg cikstftucfók gk`grofzj, gscjsj fktgdfbgkcfj y dj `jdtj lg viduktjl.

LGDFKCWGKCFJ GK OGKIUGS LG GLJL

:0

\uegrcudisfs. Qrilucg gk dis lgscgklfg lgscgklfgktgs ktgs lfvgrsjs jkiojdïjs kgrvfisjs, cioi dj goitfvfljl g fopudsfvfljl. Di jktgrfir lgougstrj dj fopirtjkcfj lg dj mgrgkcfj gk dj crfofkjdfljl, di qug ddgvj j dj flgj lg prgvgkfr juk jktgs lg dj cikcgpcfók, gvftjkli qug sg priluzcjk pgrsikjs gk`grojs y cuyi pjtrfoikfi efidóbfci ciktfgkg `jctirgs prglfspikgktgs, lg`fkftfvjogktg lg`fkftfvjogktg fklgsgjedgs. fklgsgjedgs. 5.5.:.5.- @jofdfj, mgrgkcfj y jlipcfók

Dj flgj lg qug dj mgrgkcfj tgkbj fk`dugkzj gk dj crfofkjdfljl, ki fopdfcj qug tili crfogk tgkbj uk irfbgk mgrglftjrfi, kf qug gstg tfpi lg `jctirgs sgjk, pir sï sidis, cjpjcgs lg prilucfr dj lgsvfjcfók crfofkjd. Sgbþk gstulfis rgjdfzjlis, sg crgg qug uk kfúi qug ùgrj crgjli gk ukj `jofdfj crfofkjd, jprgklfgrj oilgdis jktfsicfjdgs lg cikluctj, dis cujdgs j su vgz gksgújrj j sus pripfis mfnis. Dis crfofkjdgs cik joeis pjlrgs crfofkjdgs crf ofkjdgs sg gkcugktrjk gk pripircfók ojyir qug jqugddis gk dis qug sidi uki lg dis pjlrgs gs crfofkjd. 5.5.:.3.- Goejrjzi y pjrti

Lurjktg gd goejrjzi oþdtfpdgs cjusjs puglgk ierjr pjrj tjrjr jd `gti, cioi sik djs gk`grogljlgs fk`gccfisjs y djs fktixfcjcfikgs. Brjvg gs tjoefæk gd pgrnufcfi jd `gti lg ukj fksu`fcfgkcfj jdfogktjrfj lg dj ojlrg. Gd pjrti fk`duyg gk dj d j pgrsikjdfljl lgd fklfvflui y, pir di tjkti, gk dj lgdfkcugkcfj lgdfkcugkcfj lgd ogkir. Fklgpgklfgktgogktg lg tilis dis trjuojs y lf`fcudtjlgs lgd pjrti, gs lg tgkgrsg gk ciksflgrjcfók qug uk gdgvjli kþogri lg ojlrgs ki rgcurrgk jd oælfci, sfki qug ljk j duz juxfdfjlj bgkgrjdogktg pir ukj pjrtgrj prêctfcj, dj qug, jlgoês lg djs lg`fcfgktgs ciklfcfikgs jsæptfcjs, ki gxfstg kfkbþk juxfdfi g`gctfvi gk cjsi lg pjrti lf`ïcfd.

LGDFKCWGKCFJ GK OGKIUGS LG GLJL

:2

Di jciksgnjedg gs sfgoprg gd pjrti kjturjd8 sik cikicflis dis g`gctis kicfvis lg dj jkgstgsfj y lg usi lg `órcgps cujkli ki sik jpdfcjlis pir gxpgrtis. 5.5.:. Djs bdêkludjs gklicrfkjs, sus rgdjcfikgs cik gd ciopirtjofgkti y cik dj crfofkjdfljl. Dj lfsùkcfók gklicrfkj privicj sgrfis cjoefis tgopgrjogktjdgs, y qug sik lg gspgcfjd cufljli gd mfpgrtfriflfsoi, qug mjcg jd kfúi pjrtfcudjrogktg fkgstjedg g mfpgrjctfvi8 y gd mfpitfriflfsoi qug di mjrê, pir gd ciktrjrfi, jeþdfci y `dini. Gk joeis cjsis prilucgk trjstirkis `ïsfcis y psïqufcis qug puglgk tgkg tgkgrr rgdgvjkcfj crfofkidób crfofkidóbfcj. fcj.

Dj gpfdgpsfj. Gs jopdfjogktg cikicflj cioi gk`grogljl crfofkóbgkj. Quglg mjedjrsg lg ukj pgrsikjdfljl gpfdæptfcj, cjrjctgrfzjlj pir dj ggxcftjcfók, xcftjcfók, dj jbrgsfvfljl jbrgsfvfljl y dj suspfcjcfj, suspfcjcfj, jbrjvjlj gk dis ogkirgs pir `jdtj lg fkmfeflirgs.

Djs sgcugdjs lg ogkfkbftfs i lg ogkfkbigkcg`jdftfs , cujkli j`gctjk djs gstructurjs lgd sfstgoj dïoefci, lgtgrofkjk cikluctjs jbrgsfvjs gk dis ogkirgs.

Djs jkiojdïjs `ïsfcjs y ùkcfikjdgs, sik fopirtjktgs gk cujkti puglgk fopglfr jd ogkir j gstulfjr i trjejnjr jlgcujljogktg. Sg prgsgktj gk gd ogkir uk ciopdgni lg fk`grfirfljl y rgsgktfofgkti ciktrj dj sicfgljl, di qug pisfedgogktg di ddgvjrê dd gvjrê j jctftulgs jktfsicfjdgs. 5.5.5. 5.5 .5.- @ jct cti ir gs @ jof dfjrgs dfjrgs

Dj lgcfsfvj fk`dugkcfj lg dj `jofdfj gs tjk sgújdjlj gk dj lgdfkcugkcfj lg ogkirgs qug gs dj þkfcj lg tiojrsg gk cugktj. Gd `jctir fopirtjktg gk gd irfbgk lg dj lgdfkcugkcfj gs dj `jofdfj lgsirbjkfzjljj i lgdfkcugktg. lgsirbjkfzjl

LGDFKCWGKCFJ GK OGKIUGS LG GLJL

:=

5.5.5.:.- @jofdfj Crfofkóbgkj

Gxfstg uk tfpi lg `jofdfj qug sg pilrïj ddjojr "tïpfcjogktg crfofkóbgkj"8 gk gstj `jofdfj gs cjsf fopisfedg qug gd ogkis ki ddgbug j lgdfkqufr, yj qug bgkgrjdogktg sus prfogris lgdftis sik lfrfbflis pir dis ofsois pjlrgs. Gstjs `jofdfjs vfvgk gk uk joefgktg lg jesidutj priofscufljl, liklg liklg ki gs gxtrjúi gd fkcgsti, fkcgsti, liklg fopgrj dj ofsgrfj ofsgrfj y gd mjoerg, liklg dis kfúis sik ojkljlis pir dis pjlrgs j lgdfkqufr i j pglfr dfoiskj, y cujkli sik ojyirgs j pristftufrsg. Gd pjlrg gs jdcimódfci i lribjlfcti, y djeirj gk dis i`fcfis oês ejnis y ofsgrjedgs cioi rgcibgr ejsurj, cjrbjlir, gtc.8 i gs lgdfkcugktg mjeftujd y rjtgri8 su fktgdfbgkcfj gs gscjsj, gs uk sungti fkstfktfvi y jdtjogktg jbrgsfvi. Dj ojlrg pir di cioþk gstê vfvfgkli gk ukfók dferg, y dis mfnis qug tfgkg privfgkgk lg lfvgrsjs ukfikgs, y gk oês lg ukj icjsfók ki pilrïj flgktf`fcjr cfgrtjogktg qufæk gs gd pjlrg lg sus mfnis. Gstjs `jofdfjs mjeftjk gk ejrrfis i rgbfikgs jdtjogktg crfofkóbgkjs, liklg kf sfqufgrj dj pidfcïj sg jtrgvg jtrgvg j gktrjr. Gd ogkir qug sjdg lg gstjs `jofdfjs ggss gd lg ojyir ojyir pgdfbrisfljl, y gs tjoefæk gd lg oês lf`ïcfd trjtjofgkti, pugs tfgkg gk ciktrj tili, mgrgkcfj, `jofdfj, ìrojcfók, joefgktg, gtc. Ki tilj dj `jofdfj liklg gd pjlrg gs lgdfkcugktg gs ukj gscugdj lgd crfogk, pgri gstjs gxcgpcfikgs ki sik ouy cioukgs, y lgpgklgk lgd ciktrjpgsi lg dj ojlrg, lgd icudtjofgkti lg djs jctfvfljlgs lgd pjlrg, i lg itris pilgrisis fkmfeflirgs. Jd mjedjr lgd lgdfkcugktg ki sg mjcg rg`grgkcfj tjk sódi jd pjlrg qug gs djlrók, rjtgri i cjrtgrfstj. Sg mjedj tjoefæk lgd brjk fklustrfjd qug gvjlg fopugstis, lgd `jerfcjktg qug jludtgrj sus priluctis, lg tilis dis pri`gsfikfstjs qug ki sjegk lg ætfcj pri`gsfikjd. \ilis gstis pjlrgs lgdfkcugktgs pgrvfgrtgk jd ogkir gk ìroj sicfjdogktg oês ljúfkj, pugs gs dj lgdfkcugkcfj

LGDFKCWGKCFJ GK OGKIUGS LG GLJL

:6

"mikirjedg" qug vj ciktrj dis oês jdtis vjdirgs lg dj lfbkfljl muojkj, y qug ki tfgkg dj jtgkujktg lg dj ofsgrfj i dj fbkirjkcfj, lg dj mgrgkcfj i lg dj gscjsj fktgdfbgkcfj. 5.5.3. 5.5 .3.- @ jct cti ir gs Qsf Qsfci cidó dóbf bf ci ciss

Gd mioerg gs gd sgr muojki oês læefd lg dj crgjcfók gk dj prfogrj pjrtg lg su vflj, gk dj qug rgqufgrg lg cufljlis y jtgkcfikgs gxtrjirlfkjrfis, ki sidjogktg pjrj pilgr siergvfvfr, sfki ìrojrsg y rgjdfzjrsg. Dis ùkljogktis lgd cjrêctgr sg ìrojk gk dj `jofdfj8 gs gk dj `jofdfj liklg sg jlqufgrg dj prfogrj ejsg y liklg sg pjsj lgd gstjli lg jkiofj j dj jlqufsfcfók lg djs prfogrjs kirojs. kirojs. Wkj jkirojdfljl i lg`gcti gk djs prfogrjs gtjpjs mjrê qug gd sungti ddgbug dd gbug gd oiogkti crucfjd gk sftujcfók vfcfjlj, mjcfæklidi gktrjr gk ukj crfsfs lg vjdirgs g fopflfæklidg su cirrgctj gstructurjcfók.

Fkjljptjcfók. Gd priedgoj lg dj lgdfkcugkcfj fopdfcj gd priedgoj lg dj jljptjcfók. Gsti ki qufgrg lgcfr qug tili fkjljptjli ddgbug j sgr lgdfkcugktg.Dj rgspugs rgspugstj tj gk lgdfkcugkcfj gs ukj lg djs ojkf`gstjcfikgs lg dj fkjljptjcfók oês cioukgs> Fk`grfirfljl `ïsfcj y ogktjd lgd fklfvflui.



Fkcjpjcfljl lg uk fklfvflui pjrj jljptjr su cikluctj j djs ciklfcfikgs lgd oglfi.



Jbrgsfvfljl



Zufzê dj oês prgicupjktg gxprgsfók lg dj fkjljptjcfók gs dj jbrgsfvfljl, prilucti lg dj `rustrjcfók lgd fkjljptjli y qug puglg ddgvjr cik brjk `jcfdfljl j dj jbrgsfók, gktgklflj gstj cioi ukj cikluctj vgrejd i oitrfz gngrcflj cik cfgrti brjli lg vfidgkcfj sierg djs pgrsikjs i cisjs.

LGDFKCWGKCFJ GK OGKIUGS LG GLJL

51

Jljptjcfók. Dj jljptjcfók cioi jptftul pjrj vfvfr gk uk joefgktg lgtgrofkjli jcioilêklisg jcioilêkli sg j uk oglfi muojki cikcrgti, cik fktgrjccfikgs lgsgjedgs cik itris fklfvfluis, sg dibrj tjk sidi oglfjktg uk djrbi jprgklfzjng qug, oglfjktg dj foftjcfók y jlqufsfcfók lg djs kirojs rgspgctfvjs. Kirojs gscidjr, djeirjd y sicfjd gk bgkgrjd Dj jljptjcfók prgsupikg ukj cikcrgtj gviducfók efipsfcisicfjd. Sf ki sg cuopdfgrjk gstis trgs gdgogktis, gd sgr muojki rgprgsgktjrj sgrfis priedgojs lg jljptjcfók. 5.5. riei y ljúi gk pripfgljl jngkj. Gd oikti lg gstis pgqugúis gs rglucfli, y rjrjogktg sg ciogtg ùgrj lg dj gscugdj i dj `jofdfj. Cik gxcgpcfók lg jqugddis ogkirgs qug riejk pir kgcgsfljl, i pirqug sik ojkljlis j riejr pir sus pjlrgs u itrjs pgrsikjs ojyirgs, gd kfúi riej pjrj sjtfs`jcgr pgqugúis lgsgis> bidisfkjs, cfkg, lfvgrsfikgs, gtc. Dis ljúis j dj pripfgljl jngkj sik cjusjlis pir nugbi i cioi trjvgsurj. Qir su gscjsj ùgrzj `ïsfcj ki sik cioukgs dis lgdftis lg dgsfikgs u miofcflfi, y dis sgxujdgs sik gscjsis y mjk sfli fk`dugkcfjlis i privicjlis pir dis ojyirgs. Dj crfofkjdfljl fk`jktfd jeuklj gktrg dis pgqugúis qug rgjdfzjk ukj sueicupjcfók, cioi eidgris, vgklglirgs vgklglirgs cjddgngris, gtc., jukqug gk gk ìroj jdbukj ggss prfvjtfvj lg gstis ogkirgs. Gs kgcgsjrfi rgcikicgr qug cfgrtjs cikluctjs, jukqug cjrbjljs lg jktfsicfjdfljl, puglgk ciksflgrjrsg "kirojdgs" gk dj fk`jkcfj, yj qug gstê gk pdgki pricgsi lg sicfjdfzjcfók. ¹Zufæk sfgkli kfúi ki mj riejli jdbi, ki mj rgúfli cik sus ciopjúgris, ki mj fknurfjli y ogktfli, ki mj lgstrufli iengtis jngkis9 Sfk goejrbi, sg prgsgktjk cjlj vgz cik ojyir `rgcugkcfj cikluctjs jdtjogktg prgicupjktgs, cioi gd usi lg fkmjdjktgs, dj pristftucfók fk`jktfd y dj vfidgkcfj fklfscrfofkjlj

5.>

Cjsf tilis dis qug mjk gstulfjli pri`gsfikjdogktg dj cikluctj muojkj y mjk trjtjli lg jkjdfzjrdj, cikvfgkgk gk qug dis kfúis qug crggk qug ki sg dis qufgrg kf sg dis gstfoj puglgk su`rfr ljúis ouy brjvgs pir gsj prfvjcfók, rgjd i fojbfkjrfj lg cjrfúi. Gddi gs jpdfcjedg tjoefæk j dis kfúis qug sfgktgk qug gd cjrfúi lg sus pjlrgs gs tirkjlfzi y lgpgklg lg lgojsfjlis `jctirgs jdgjtirfis. Sf sg lfcg cikstjktgogktg j uk kfúi lg sgfs júis qug sf gs eugki sg dg qugrrê, ¹ki gs kirojd qug gsg kfúi crgj qug gsg cjrfúi gs jdbi ciklfcfikjli9 Sf gd kfúi sfgktg ukj `jdtj lg cjrfúi i tfgkg gd sgktfofgkti lg qug gd cjrfúi gs ukj rgciopgksj qug sg dg priogtg, y ki rgspiklg j uk sgktfofgkti `frog y jutæktfci, puglg gxpgrfogktjr uk tgoir jeruojlir. Gsg tgoir puglg gkciktrjr gxprgsfók gk ukj cikluctj jbrgsfvj ejsjlj gk dj jksfgljl, y cik gddi sg fkfcfj uk djrbi cfcdi. Mjedjois tjk `êcfdogktg lg —cjrfúi‟ i —joir‟ y

tgklgois j utfdfzjr dj pjdjerj gk tjktjs ìrojs trfvfjdgs qug, cik `rgcugkcfj, gs lf`ïcfd rgvfvfr dj gxpgrfgkcfj lg dj kgcgsfljl qug lg æ: puglj tgkgr uk kfúi. \ilj rgdjcfók lg joir fopdfcj uk rfgsbi y dj pisfefdfljl lg uk `rjcjsi. Gd jludti qug sg vg rgpulfjli i sg sfgktg `rustrjli puglg j vgcgs rgpikgrsg lg sus goicfikgs y rgcupgrjr ggdd gqufdferfi. Wk kfúi ki ki puglg mjcgrdi. Lgeg rgcikicgrsg qug mjy pjlrgs qug ki qufgrgk j sus mfnis y oucmis itris qug ki puglgk rgjdogktg qugrgrdis pir su pripfj fkcjpjcfljl y cikùsfók goicfikjdgs. Gd kfúi j qufgk sus pjlrgs ki qufgrgk qufgrgk gk cujkti pgrsikj, sg sfgktg trjfcfikjli i jejklikjli pir gddis. gddis. Gk icjsfikgs kf sfqufgrj ejstj cik gd cjrfúi vgrljlgri. Cujkli gd cjegzj lg `jofdfj, dj pgrsikj qug privgg j djs kgcgsfljlgs lgd mibjr y gngrzj dj jutirfljl gs dj ojlrg, puglg kjcgr uk sgktfofgkti lg rgegdfók. Dis oucmjcmis gk su j`êk lg ciklucfrsg cioi jludtis tfgkgk qug lgsbjnjrsg lg gsg oukli lg jutirfljl `gogkfkj y j`frojr sus lgrgcmis lg mioergs, juk cujkli gddi sfbkf`fqug uk lgsj`ïi j dj ojlrg. Cujkli ki mjy lg oili pgrojkgktg uk mioerg gk dj cjsj gstj gojkcfpjcfók rgsudtj lf`ïcfd. Gd oucmjcmi gstê siogtfli j uk gstjli lg tgksfók

LGDFKCWGKCFJ GK OGKIUGS LG GLJL

3:

pgcudfjr. Gs pi pisfedg sfedg qug qug,, j cjusj lg gs gsjj tgksfók tgksfók,, trjtg lg mj mjcgrsg cgrsg cik jtrfeutis jtrfeutis qug sfoeidfzjrêk pjrj æ: y pjrj gd oukli, ukj ojscudfkfljl fkluljedg. Mjy tilj ukj sgrfg lg jctfvfljlgs, g fkcdusi lg pisgsfikgs, qug sfoeidfzjk dj ojscudfkfljl lg uk oili cdjri g fkgquïvici> dj mjefdfljl gk gd cioejtg, dj pripfgljl lg uk jutioóvfd i ukj oiticfcdgtj, dj vfidgkcfj i gd sjlfsoi, g fkcdusi uk lgtgrofkjli vicjeudjrfi. Mjy uk oili lg vgstfrsg. Ki mjy oês qug pgksjr gk gd lgdfkcugktg ogkir llgg gljl kirtgjogrfcjki, lg qufgk sg mj mgcmi tjktj tjktj puedfcfljl, puedfcfljl, pripfgtjrfi lg ukj oiticfcdgtj, y qug vfstg cmjqugtj kgbrj kgbrj lg cugri y edug ngjks. Gk uk jrtïcudi gk qug jkjdfzjej dj d j lgdfkcugkcfj lg ogkirgs gk Qidikfj, J. ^. Nirljk N irljk lgcïj> —Gd

prfogr ojkljofgkti lgd miidfbjk prgscrfeg qug gd lgdfkcugktg lgeg iedfbjr j dis lgoês j siogtgrsg, pgri ki siogtgrsg kukcj æd ofsoi. Wk oucmjcmi qug ki puglj sipirtjr dj egeflj, qug rgcfej ukj pjdfzj gk ukj rfúj, qug sg pikbj sgktfogktjd cik ukj oucmjcmj, qug lgougstrg jdbukj goicfók gk ukj rgspugstj, i gopdgg ukj «pjdjerj ciopdfcjlj cik tilj sgrfgljl (gs lgcfr, qug mjedg sfk gd sjrcjsoi cikvgkcfikjd lg dis jludtis cik jutirfljl), gs «uk bjddfkj)). Gd miidfbjk crgg gk dj kgcgsfljl lg ojktgkgrsg gk pdgki vfbir `ïsfci y vfvg gopdgjkli dj ùgrzj erutj. Lgsprgcfj gd sgktfogktjdfsoi8 su flgjd lg vflj gs dj sjtfs`jccfók lg dis fkstfktis‟. Gsj

lgscrfpcfók puglg cikvgkfr j oucmis ogkirgs lgdfkcugktgs y ki sódi j dis lg uk pjïs. Wk psfcijkjdfstj fkbdæs, gd Lr. Lgrgh Ofddgr, mj gscrfti> —Dj jlidgscgkcfj gs uk pgrfili lg fkjljptjcfók. \ilis dis jlidgscgktgs su`rgk pgrturejcfikgs‟. Gs ukj ipfkfók ciktrivgrtfedg,

pgri gk dj ojyir pjrtg lg djs sicfgljlgs, sg jcgptj y sg cioprgklg qug dj jlidgscgkc jlidgscgkcfj fj gs dj gljl gk qug gd nivgk ìroj su pripfj pgrsikjdfljl, pir di bgkgrjd oglfjktg uk cik`dfcti, pdgki lg sgktfli, cik sus pjlrgs i dj bgkgrjcfók oês jludtj. Sg mj lfcmi qug dj jlidgscgkcfj gs uk pgrfili lg mistfdfljl sjduljedg gxpgrfogktjlj pir dis nóvgkgs qug, jd gk`rgktjrsg cik djs kirojs y trjlfcfikgs lg dis jludtis, sg lgscuergk j sï ofsois. GF lgdfkcugktg ogkir lg gljl ki cikstftuyg ukj gxcgpcfók gk gstg pukti. GF Lr. Ofddgr fklfcj tjoefæk qug, gd lgdfkcugktg sg

LGDFKCWGKCFJ GK OGKIUGS LG GLJL

35

pdjktgj gk ojyir brjli qug dis lgoês jlidgscgktgs, priedgojs sierg su pripfj flgktfljl, su jksfgljl gs ojyir y su mistfdfljl oês vfbirisj. Dj cikluctj lgdfctfvj puglg fkcdusi pripircfikjrdg ukj ukj siducfók.

5.=.5.- Dj eþsquglj lg dj flgktfljl> f lgktfljl> Kjlj lg gstg oukli prgicupj tjkti jd jlidgscgktg cioi gd priedgoj lg su pripfj flgktfljl> —cóoi sg vg j sï ofsoi y cóoi gstfoj qug gd rgsti lgd oukli di vg. Gs dj ducmj pir gd j liofkfi lgd gbi‟. Wk psfcijkjdfstj kirtgjogrfcjki, gd Lr. Grfh M. Grfhsik, mj lfcmi> —…. dj

cikcfgkcfj lg dj flgktfljl sfbkf`fcj prgicupjcfók pir dj lf`grgkcfj gktrg dj fojbgk i djs foêbgkgs lg sï ofsoi y dj ìroj gk qug uki jpjrgcg j dis inis lg dis lgoês‟. Sg lgegk j gddi gdd i

dj vjkfljl y sgksfefdfljl lg dis jlidgscgktgs, jsï cioi dj jpjrgktg fksgksfefdfljl j djs subgstfikgs y dj `jdtj lg tili sgktfofgkti lg vgr bôgkzj bôgkzj `rgktg j djs crïtfcjs —... Dis jlidgscgktgs, jlidgscgk tgs, gk ukj icjsfók u itrj, lurjktg pgrfilis oês i ogkis djrbis, y cik ukj fktgksfljl vjrfjedg, lgcflgk lg sþefti trjtjr lg sgr gxjctjogktg di qug jdbukjs pgrsikjs lg jutirfljl ki qufgrgk qug sgjk.... Dis nóvgkgs, pugstis gk ciklfcfikgs gxtrgojs, puglgk, `fkjdogktg, gkciktrjr uk ojyir sgktfli lg flgktfljl gk jpjrtjrsg lg dj cioukfljl i gk cikvgrtfrsg gk lgdfkcugktgs qug gk jcgptjr cujdqufgr itrj cisj qug dj sicfgljl puglj i`rgcgrdgs‟.

Fkcdusi ukj flgktfljl kgbjtfvj lg sï ofsoi, oês lg uk ogkir lgdfkcugktg mjeftujd sg mj cjdf`fcjli cioi —uk cgri j dj fzqufgrlj‟, puglg sgr sjtfs`jctirfj. Zufzê sgj tjoefæk ukj

gxprgsfók lg rgegdlïj pir pjrtg lgd nivgk. Jlgoês, uk jlidgscgktg puglg sgktfr qug gs prg`grfedg uk yi kgbjtfvi qug cjrgcgr gk jesiduti lg pgrsikjdfljl, pgrsikjdfljl, pirqug tgkgr ukj pgrsikjdfljl kgbjtfvj sfrvg pj pjrj rj lgs lgsgoejrjzjrsg goejrjzjrsg sf ki pjrj gxtfrpjrdjs gxtfrpjrdjs gktgrjogktg, gktgrjogktg, jdbukjs lg djs luljs y cikùsfikgs gxpgrfogktjljs sierg sï ofsoi y sierg cóoi di ciksflgrj gd oukli. Jcgptgois i ki gd crftgrfi -y ki gs gxcdusfvjogktg ukj tgirïj psfcijkjdïtfcj- lg qug djs rgdjcfikgs lgd kfúi cik sus pjlrgs puglgk trjlucfrsg gk cfgrtis cjsis gk djs jbrgsfikgs qug

LGDFKCWGKCFJ GK OGKIUGS LG GLJL

33

cjdf`fcjois cioi lgdfkcugkcfj, ki sfrvg lg brjk cisj gcmjr dj cudpj j dj `jofdfj. Dis pjlrgs qug ki mjk sjefli glucjr j sus mfnis sik gk oucmis cjsis pgrsikjs qug mjk `rjcjsjli y qug di fbkirjk. Oucmjs vgcgs, gspgcfjdogktg gk cfgrtis oglfis liklg gxfstg uk jdti pircgktjng lg mibjrgs cc lgsmgcmis, dis pjlrgs ki mjk lgcflfli cikscfgktgogktg lgnjr lg icupjrsg lg sus mfnis i ojdcrfjrdis. Gk icjsfikgs i cjsfikgs gstêk lgojsfjli j`jkjlis j`jkjlis gk trjtjr lg bjkjrsg dj vflj, itrjs vgcgs sik fkcjpjcgs y ki puglgk gngrcgr dj lgeflj jutirfljl, y cik oucmj `rgcugkcfj fbkirjk su ofsfók lg pjlrgs pirqug ki tfgkgk kfkbþk rgcugrli lg su pripfj fk`jkcfj qug dgs pripircfikg uk eugk gngopdi i fkcdusi ukj oglflj lg djs cisjs. Sg mj lfcmi qug dis pjlrgs qug mjeftjk gk ejrrfis ofsgrjedgs ki tfgkgk djs ofso ofsojs js sjtfs`jccfikgs sjtfs`jccfikgs qug djs pgrsikjs pgrsikjs lg cdjsgs cdjsgs sicfjdgs oês próspgrjs. Gk Gk oucmis cjs cjsis, is, jpjrtg lg djs ciofljs, jjpgkjs pgkjs tfgkgk tfgkgk cjsf kjlj qug qug ciopjrtfr cik cik sus mfnis. Qgri, cioi lfni uk psfqufjtrj lg uk mispftjd lg Kugvj Virh jd rg`grfrsg j djs `jofdfjs lg dis jrrjejdgs, —lgspuæs lg tili, ¹qufækgs sik gsis pjlrgs gk dis —ojdis‟ mib jrgs9 bgktgs piergs y lgsbrjcfjljs tjoefæk‟.

5.=.3. 5.= .3.- J ks ksff gljlgs L g D j J lidgsc dgscg gkcf kcf j

Dis sicfódibis y dis jktripódibis, y itris oucmis trjtjlfstjs, mjk lg`fkfli cdjrjogktg djs lf`fcudtjlgs cik qug sg gk`rgktjk dis jlidgscgktgs -y gk gspgcfjd dis lg sgxi ojscudfki- gk ukj sicfgljl gk pricgsi lg cjoefi, gk gd oiogkti lg dj trjksfcfók gk qug tfgkgk qug lgnjr lg ciklucfrsg cioi kfúis y gopgzjr j ciklucfrsg cioi jludtis. Gk dj vflj oilgrkj, jukqug cik oucmjs lf`grgkcfjs gktrg djs lfvgrsjs cudturjs, sg lj pir supugsti qug dis mfnis lgegk gojkcfpjrsg lg dj jutirfljl pjtgrkj. Qgri gd oiogkti prgcfsi, jsï cioi gd oili lg rgjdfzjr gsj gojkcfpjcfók y su kjturjdgzj, sik cjlj vgz oês fkcfgrtis y puglgk sgr irfbgk lg lfsputjs i cik`dfctis `jofdfjrgs. Qir gngopdi, gk dj vfgnj Fklfj, gk Cmfkj, gk gd Njpók i gk Frdjklj, sg rgspgtjej mjstj dj ougrtg, pjrj efgk i pjrj ojd, dj jutirfljl lgd pjlrg. Gd `fk lg dj jlidgscgkcfj

LGDFKCWGKCFJ GK OGKIUGS LG GLJL

3<

lgd kfúi ki supikïj uk cjoefi gk gsj jutirfljl. Mjeïj picis cik`dfctis8 dis pjlrgs tiojejk tiljs djs lgcfsfikgs ofgktrjs vfvïjk y dis mfnis mfn is djs jcjtjejk. Miy lïj, juk gk djs sicfgljlgs qug jktjúi gspgcf`fcjejk lg oili ouy prgcfsi gd oiogkti lg dj trjksìrojcfók lgd kfúi gk mioerg, ki gxfstg ukj trjksfcfók tjk cdjrj. Gd pjpgd lgd jlidgscgktg jlidgscgk tg gs joefbui y cikùsi. Gk oucmis cjsis, dj rjïz lg djs tgksfikgs y `grogktjcfók lg flgjs qug cjrjctgrfzj dj jlidgscgkcfj, sg mjddj gk djs lg`fkfcfikgs lg dj fk`jkcfj, lg dj jlidgscgkcfj jlidgscgkc fj i lg dj ojyirïj lg gljl qug jpdfcj cjlj cudturj. Gk oucmjs pjrtgs lgd oukli, dj lg`fkfcfók lg dj ojyirïj lg gljl gs cjlj vgz ogkis prgcfsj. Djs foêbgkgs jktfbujs lgd mioerg cioi bugrrgri y pritgctir, fókfci privgglir lg jdfogkti y jerfbi, y pjlrg fk`jdfedg, sg mjk fli gsùojkli. Jd riopgrsg dis vjdirgs y trjlfcfikgs kirojdgs sfk pisfefdfljl lg sustftufrdis rêpfljogktg, y oucmi ogkis lg rggopdjzjrdis, sik j ogkuli dis jlidgscgktgs qufgkgs gxpgrfogktjk oês lf`fcudtjlgs. Sg mj lfcmi qug gd priedgoj sicfjd lg ukj bgkgrjcfók cikstftuyg uk priedgoj psfcidóbfci pjrj pjrj dj sfbufgktg. G Gkk Njpók dis tjfyisuhu tjfyisuhu ki sik dis mfnis llgg rgùbfjlis i lg bgktg bgktg ouy pierg, ki sg mjk vfsti lgspdjzjlis `ïsfcjogktg kf sg dgs mjk gxfbfli dis vfidgktis rgjnustgs cik qug lgegk gk`rgktjrsg oucmis j`rfcjkis. Qgri su cikluctj lgougstrj gd brjli gk qug tjoefæk gddis sik vïctfojs lgd cjoefi. Dis oucmjcmis lg djs cdjsgs oês rfcjs crggk oucmjs vgcgs qug dj vflj ki tfgkg oucmi sgktfli kf `fkjdfljl, jpjrtg lg dis pdjcgrgs g`ïogris, fopudsfvis y, gk oucmis cjsis, primfeflis. Cioi oucmis lg dis guripgis i jogrfcjkis lg su ofsoj gljl vfvgk pgksjkli sódi gk gd oiogkti prgsgktg.

5.6.- Di Zug Quglg Mjcgr Dj Cioukfljl> ¹Qir quæ gs tjk fopirtjktg qug dj pripfj cidgctfvfljl sg fktgrgsg tjk priùkljogktg gk dj prgvgkcfók lg dj d j lgdfkcugkcfj y dj ducmj ciktrj gddj9 Dj ciktgstjcfók gs qug uk gxtrjúi, pir ouy sgksfedg i fktgdfbgktg qug sgj, ki puglg dibrjr tjkti cioi djs pgrsikjs próxfojs qug,

LGDFKCWGKCFJ GK OGKIUGS LG GLJL

37

cidgctfvjogktg, qufgrjk ognirjr dj sftujcfók. Gs lg sgktfli cioþk gd jxfioj sgbþk gd cujd, cujkti ognir sgj dj cioukfljl, gk tilis sus jspgctis, ogkir sgrê dj priejefdfljl lg cujdqufgr ìroj lg lgdfkcugkcfj. Zufzê sódi djs bgktgs oês rgdjcfikjljs pugljk gvjdujr mikrjljogktg su ùgrzj, cikicgr sus lgefdfljlgs y rgjdfzjr djs ognirjs rgqugrfljs. r gqugrfljs. Djs kgcgsfljlgs gk ojtgrfj lg sjkfljl, dis priedgojs lg dj vfvfgklj, dj sftujcfók gscidjr, dis rgcursis `ïsfcis y djs pisfefdfljlgs lg rgcrgi lg tilj cioukfljl sik `jctirgs dicjdgs qug puglgk fk`dufr gk dj lgdfkcugkcfj. Ujrj vgz sik gsjs djs sidjs cjusjs, pgri gd mgcmi lg qug sgjk fk`grfirgs i supgrfirgs j di kirojd, puglg jbrjvjr i lfsofkufr djs tgklgkcfjs lgdfctfvjs. Qir gngopdi, juk cujkli dj flgj lg qug dj lgdfkcugkc lgdfkcugkcfj fj sg lgeg lfrgctjogktg j dj vflj gk ejrrfis ofsgrjedgs sgj uk ofti, puglg lgcfrsg qug uk kfúi tfgkg ukj ojyir ipirtukfljl lg ki sgr lgdfkcugktg sf su `jofdfj rgsflg gk ukj oirjlj jbrjljedg y ki tfgkg qug su`rfr dj tfrjktgz y lgprgsfók lgrfvjljs lgd mgcmi lg vfvfr gk mjeftjcfikgs trfstgs y jtgstjljs lg bgktg. 5.6.:. 5.6 .:.- Qr gvgkc kcff ók y \r jtjof gkti kti

Gs lf`ïcfd qug uk puújli lg pgrsikjs qug mjeftgk gk dj ofsoj vgcfkljl puglj goprgklgr cik æxfti uk pribrjoj lg prgvgkcfók. \fgkgk qug ciktjr cik dj cidjeirjcfók lgd ojyir kþogri lg pgrsikjs pisfedg, pisfedg, lg brupis lg tiljs djs pri`gsfikg pri`gsfikgs, s, y tfgkgk qug trjtjr lg ietgkgr y dibrjr gd jpiyi oês jopdfi y sfkcgri pjrj gd pdjk. Sfgoprg sgrê kgcgsjrfj dj jyulj gscdjrgcflj y cfgktï`fcj, lg dis gspgcfjdfstjs, pgri kfkbþk pribrjoj lg prgvgkcfók dibrjrê æxfti sf sódi sik gddis qufgkgs di fkspfrgk y lfrfnjk. Gd fopudsi lgeg pricglgr lg dj cioukfljl, qug sódi di ljrê cujkli dj lgdfkcugkcfj cikstftuyj uk priedgoj qug fopirtg oucmi j oucmjs pgrsikjs. Ki sódi lgegk pjrtfcfpjr gk æd dis jludtis, sfki tjoefæk dis nóvgkgs, g fkcdusi dis pripfis lgdfkcugktgs lgdfkcugktgs,, gk cujktjs ìrojs sgj pisfedg, y gk cjlj gtjpj lg dj goprgsj.

LGDFKCWGKCFJ GK OGKIUGS LG GLJL

30

Ki sg trjtj lg uk jcti þkfci lg prgvgkcfók8 pir gd ciktrjrfi, dj cioukfljl puglg rgjdfzjr oucmis cjoefis, gklgrgzjlis j lfcmi `fk. Jd mjedjr lg prgvgkcfók, pjdjerj jtrjctfvj pgri fdusirfj, sg kis prgsgktjk, ùkljogktjdogk ùkljogktjdogktg, tg, lis pisfefdfljlgs prfkcfpjdgs. Wkj lg gddjs ciksfstg gk trjtjr lg mjcgr `rgktg j tiljs djs ciklfcfikgs joefgktjdg joefgktjdgss qug sg gstfog ciktrfeuygk j dj lgdfkcugkcfj 8 dj sgbuklj gs trjtjr lg pripircfikjr sgrvfcfis prgvgktfvis gspgcfjdgs pjrj lgtgrofkjlis kfúis i brupis lg kfúis, tjdgs cioi trjtjofgkti psfqufêtrfci i psfcipgljbóbfci, psfcipgljb óbfci, i trjejni lg cjsis. Sg mj sistgkfli qug puglg rglucfrsg dj lgdfkcugkcfj ognirjkli tilis dis jspgctis lg dj vflj rgdjtfvis jd lgsjrriddi lg dj pgrsikjdfljl lg dis kfúis, y gxtgklfgkli y ognirjkli tilis dis sgrvfcfis lgstfkjlis j dj fk`jkcfj. Sjegois qug mjy oucmis `jctirgs qug j`gctjk lgcfsfvjogktg jd crgcfofgkti, jd lgsjrriddi y j dj cikluctj lg`fkftfvj lgd kfúi. Gktrg gddjs, sg cugktjk gd mibjr, dj gscugdj, dj fbdgsfj y djs irbjkfzjcfikgs rgdfbfisjs, dis sgrvfcfis lg sjkfljl y lg jsfstgkcfj sicfjd y djs irbjkfzjcfikgs rgcrgjtfvjs lgstfkjljs j dis nóvgkgs. 5.6.5. 5.6 .5.- D j @ ukc ukcff ók L g D j G sc scug ugdj dj>>

Wki lg dis `jctirgs oês fopirtjktgs, sf kis dfoftjois j ciksflgrjr gd kþogri lg júis lurjktg gd cujd gngrcg ukj fk`dugkcfj sierg gd kfúi, gs dj gscugdj. Ki puglg rgsidvgr pir sï sidj gd priedgoj lg dj lgdfkcugkcfj, kf trjtjr sfqufgrj lg prgvgkfrdi jciogtfæklidi cik sus pripfjs ùgrzjs gxcdusfvjogktg. Sfk goejrbi, gk tili pribrjoj cioukftjrfi efgk pdjkgjli, mjy qug ciksflgrjr sfgoprg cioi crucfjd dj ùkcfók lg dj gscugdj. Cujkti piljois gspgrjr lg gddj gk di qug sg rg`fgrg j gstg priedgoj lgeg ejsjrsg gk uk rjzikjofgkti nufcfisi, ki gk `jktjsïjs fkspfrjljs gk kugstris eugkis lgsgis. Di qug gxjctjogktg puglj dibrjrsg lgktri lg cjlj judj lgpgklg tjoefæk j ogkuli lgd tfpi lg jpiyi qug dj cidgctfvfljl lgcflj pripircfikjr. Sg mj fklfcjli qug dis kfúis fkbrgsjlis gk dj gscugdj gktrg dis cfkci y dis d is sfgtg júis lg gljl tfgkgk oês ipirtukfljl lg egkg`fcfjrsg lg dis gsùgrzis pjrj prgvgkfr dj lgdfkcugkcfj. Qgri, jukqug

LGDFKCWGKCFJ GK OGKIUGS LG GLJL

32

sgjk ojyirgs lg gsj gljl, sg puglg fk`dufr gk gddis, y gk oucmis cjsis sg dgs puglg jyuljr. Gd ojgstri, cuyj prgpjrjcfók dg mj gksgújli j iesgrvjr, gstê gk ciklfcfikgs lg cikicgr jd kfúi y lgspuæs lg iesgrvjrdi lurjktg uk cfgrti pgrfili lg tfgopi, puglg gd ojgstri lgscuerfr sfbkis gvflgktgs i fkcfpfgktgs lg priedgojs pgrsikjdgs i sicfjdgs qug j`gctgk j gsg jduoki, pripircfikêklidg pripircfikêkl idg jyulj y ciksugdi gk jdbukj ìroj. Dj jyulj puglg tgkgr itris irïbgkgs y cujkli sg lfspgksg, dj gscugdj lgeg gstjedgcgr ukj `fcmj rgdjtfvj jd sungti lg qug sg trjtg gk ddjj qug `fburgk tilis dis jktgcglgktgs, y qug puglj sgr ciksudtjlj gk cjsi kgcgsjrfi. Nukti cik gd mibjr, dj gscugdj pripircfikj j tilis dis kfúis dj gxpgrfgkcfj eêsfcj lg jprgklfzjng lg dj vflj. Gs gvflgktg qug dj gscugdj ki puglg ciopgksjr pir gktgri dj `jdtj lg uk mibjr kirojd i lg pjlrgs fktgdfbgktgs y cjrfúisis. Qgri puglg mjcgr oucmi pjrj qug gd kfúi cioprgklj sus pripfis vjdirgs ùkljogktjdgs, ùkljogktjdgs, y jprgklj j lgsjrriddjrdis. Gs lg gspgrjr qug uk jlidgscgktg jlidgscgktg qug jsfstj j ukj eugkj gscugdj, ddgbug j sgr uk jludti jpti y cjpjz. Gs gsti, prgcfsjogktg, di qug ki sucglg gk gd cjsi lg uk ogkir lgdfkcugktg. Dis jrcmfvis lg uk brjk kþogri lg gscugdjs pikgk lg ojkf`fgsti, cik ukj rgftgrjcfók qug ddgbj j ddjj oikitikïj, qug gsis jlidgscgktgs jlidgscgktgs sg mjeftþjk jd `rjcjsi y j dj fk`grfirfljl gk sus júis gscidjrgs. Qir gddi, gd priedgoj qug lgeg prgicupjr j dj cioukfljl y j dj gscugdj gs jvgrfbujr pir quæ `r `rjcjsjk jcjsjk dis kfúis. Dj prgbuktj ki tfgkg kjlj lg sgkcfddj y ki gs `êcfd ciktgstjrdj. Djs rjzikgs lgd `rjcjsi lg uk kfúi ki sfgoprg sg pgrcfegk lg fkoglfjti, y vjrïjk pjrj cjlj uki lg dis jduokis. Gd ojgstri tripfgzj `rgcugktgogktg cik lf`fcudtjlgs lg irlgk prêctfci pjrj lgscuerfrdjs> ki sfgoprg puglg vfsftjr gd mibjr lgd kfúi, ki gs psfcódibi, kf gspgcfjdfstj gk sjkfljl i gk trjejni lg cjsis, sg lgeg j tilis sus jduokis, ki sódi j dis pgirgs y ki lfspikg lgd tfgopi kgcgsjrfi. Gd Ciofsjrfi lg Glucjcfók lg uk pjïs mj eisqugnjli uk jopdfi pribrjoj lg cujtri puktis, qug puglg pgroftfr j oucmjs gscugdjs jyuljr j rgsidvgr dis priedgojs lg dis ogkirgs lgdfkcugktgs>

LGDFKCWGKCFJ GK OGKIUGS LG GLJL

3=

:. Cdjsgs lg picis jduokis pjrj qug dis ojgstris pugljk lglfcjr dj jtgkcfók lgeflj j cjlj uki lg gddis. 5. @irojr y kioerjr ojgstris qug mjyjk lgoistrjli sus jptftulgs pjrj trjejnjr lg uk oili cikstructfvi cik sus jduokis. 3. Qripircfikjr pgrsikjd gspgcfjdfzjli qug jyulg jd ojgstri j rgsidvgr priedgojs gspgcfjdgs lgktri lg dj gscugdj, y gstjedgcgr sgrvfcfis cdïkfcis, oælfcis, psfcidób psfcidóbfcis fcis y sicfjdgs, pjrj dis kfúis qug kgcgsftgk cufljlis qug rgejsjk gd ojrci gscidjr.

Oucmis glucjlirgs mjk gxprgsjli dj ipfkfók lg qug gk djs gscugdjs sg jtfgkgk j uk pdjk lg gstulfis gxcgsfvjogktg gxcgsfvjogktg rïbfli sfk sfA- cjli i vjdir pjrj cjlj jduoki. Lgspuæs lg tili -lfcgkdjs eugkjs gscugdjs rgcfegk jduokis qug sik yj ciopdgtjogktg lfstfktis ukis lg itris, y lgegk cjpjcftjr j cjlj uki lg gddis pjrj lgsjrriddjrsg cik jrrgbdi j sus jptftulgs. Wk pdjk lg gstulfis jcjlæofci y irfgktjli gk ukj sidj lfrgccfók, qug rgsudtj jbitjlir g fkþtfd, cikcgefli pjrj gdfofkjr j dis jduokis qug ki sg prgpjrjk pjrj dj gksgújkzj supgrfir, ki lj dj fbujdljl lg ipirtukfljlgs j tilis dis jlidgscgktgs, cioi ciksgcugkcfj lg uk gkìqug cgktrjli gxcdusfvjogktg gk gd prgstfbfi lg dis gstulfis trjlfcfikjdgs, gk brjk pjrtg tgórfcis. Gk uk fkìrog lg uk Cioftæ Jsgsir lg Gxpgrtis gk ojtgrfj lg Qrgvgkcfók lgd Lgdfti y gd \rjtjofgkti lg dis Lgdfkcugktgs (Kjcfikgs Wkfljs), sg lgcdjrj qug, ljlj dj brjk vjrfgljl lg djs cjpjcfljlgs, fktgrgsgs y jptftulgs pgrsikjdgs lg dj piedjcfók gscidjr, gd pgrsikjd licgktg

LGDFKCWGKCFJ GK OGKIUGS LG GLJL

36

kgcgsftj ìogktjr sgrvfcfis gscidjrgs lg cjrêctgr oês vjrfi y bgkgrjd y qug jtfgkljk oês jpripfjljogktg jpripfjljogk tg djs lf`grgktgs kgcgsfljlgs lg dis jduokis y lg dj sicfgljl. J dis jduokis sg dgs gstfoudjrê j qug trjejngk cik jrrgbdi j sus pripfjs pisfefdfljlgs gk vgz lg ìrzjrdis ciktfkujogktg j ciopgtfr cik dis jduokis oês erfddjktgs lg dj cdjsg. Lgeg mjegr gscugdjs lfstfktjs ukjs lg itrjs j `fk lg jtgklgr djs kgcgsfljlgs, jptftulgs y cjpjcfljlgs lf`grgktgs, y tili pdjk g`fcjz lg gstulfis lgeg tgkgr gk cugktj djs ciklfcfikgs sicfjdgs y gcikóofcjs bgkgrjdgs y gspgcfjdgs lg dj cioukfljl dicjd. Sf cikvgkfois gk qug gd kfúi cjpjz lg ddgbjr j sgr uk eugk ogcêkfci ki lgeg sgr ciksflgrjli cioi uk sgr muojki fk`grfir jd qug sg fktgrgsg gk dj oglfcfkj, o glfcfkj, lgegois rgcikicgr tjoefæk qug ukj gscugdj mj lg gstjr irbjkfzjlj lg oili qug pgroftj j joeis egkg`fcfjrsg lg gddj. Mjcgr pjsjr j tilis dis jduokis pir uk sidi oidlg jcjlæofci, fklucg j oucmis kfúis vudkgrjedgs j dj lgdfkcugkcfj, j jprixfojrsg oucmi oês j gddj. Di qug djs jutirfljlgs y dj cioukfljl puglgk y lgegk gstulfjr gs gd gstjedgcfofgk gstj edgcfofgkti ti lg lfstfktis tfpis lg sgrvfcfis gscidjrgs cik lgstfki j dis kfúis fopglflis lg sgbufr dj glucjcfók irlfkjrfj, i j dis jduokis, qug pir cujdqufgr cdjsg lg rjzikgs, ki pugljk rgcfefr gksgújkzj gk ukj cdjsg cirrfgktg. 5.6. —uk pricglfofgkti lgstfkjli j lgdfkcugktgs sgdgccfikjlis gspgcfjdogktg...‟ y qug ciksfstg gk dj suspgksfók ciklfcfikjd lg dj pgkj qugljkli gd lgdfkcugktg ejni ukj vfbfdjkcfj pgrsikjd, j dj vgz qug sg dg lj uk —trjtjofgkti‟ i ukj

irfgktjcfók pgrsikjd. Djs lg`fkfcfikgs lg di qug cikstftuyg gxjctjogktg dj cc vfbfdjkcfj pgrsikjd¸, jsï cioi dj irfgktjcfók y gd trjtjofgkti :) vjrïjk tjkti lg ukis pjïsgs j itris cioi dj lg`fkfcfók lg ogkir lgdfkcugktg. Dj vfbfdjkcfj gk ræbfogk lg prugej sg mj bgkgrjdfzjli gk ìrojs ouy lfvgrsjs gk oucmis pjïsgs. Dis fkìrogs pjrgcgk fklfcjr qug, juk cujkli ki mjy

LGDFKCWGKCFJ GK OGKIUGS LG GLJL

Dj `fkjdfljl lg gstj lictrfkj gs erfkljr j dis kfúis, kfújs y jlidgscgktgs ukj pritgccfók bjrjktfstj, di cujd sg gkcugktrj ùkljogktjli gk su ciklfcfók lg sungti lg lgrgcmi y gk dj Cikvgkcfók sierg dis Lgrgcmis lgd Kfúi. Jktgrfirogktg, sg ciksflgrjej j dj lictrfkj lg dj sftujcfók frrgbudjr, qug tuvi vfbgkcfj lurjktg gd sfbdi ]F] y prfogrjs læcjljs lgd sfbdi ]], cioi jqugddj qug sg cgktrjej gk dj sftujcfók lgd kfúi cioi uk sungti fklg`gksi, fkcjpjz y vudkgrjedg. Jlgoês, gstj cikcgeïj jd kfúi cioi uk iengti lg pritgccfók y sg dg gxcduïj lgd êoefti nurïlfci. Sfk goejrbi, jmirj, brjcfjs j dj lictrfkj lg dj pritgccfók fktgbrjd, gd kfúi gs cikcgefli cioi uk sungti lg lgrgcmis y sg dg dibrj di brj fkcirpirjr gk gd oukli nurïlfci pjrj qug, lg gstj ojkgrj, sg dibrg bjrjktfzjr tilis sus lgrgcmis rgcikicflis. Jsï, dj lictrfkj lg dj pritgccfók fktgbrjd dibrj crgjr ukj kugvj cjtgbirïj nurïlfcj –dj lgd —kfúi‟- sg gkcjrbj lg rgukf`fcjr dis lgrgcmis muojkis y tfgkg ukj `fkjdfljl `fkjdf ljl rgstftuflj lg lgrgcmis. Qir itri djli, sg sg cikcfeg j dj trfdibïj kfúi- `jofdfj- Gstjli y sg fkcirpirjk cioi kugvis prfkcfpfis nurïlfcis jd kfúi cioi sungti lg lgrgcmis, gd fktgræs supgrfir lgd kfúi y dj ki lfscrfofkjcfók. Gk kugstrj

LGDFKCWGKCFJ GK OGKIUGS LG GLJL

75

dgbfsdjcfók pgrujkj, gddi sg gkcugktrj rgbudjli gk gd Jrtïcudi FF lgd \ïtudi Qrgdfofkjr lgd Cólfbi lg dis Kfúis, Kfújs y Jlidgscgktgs (gk jlgdjktg «CKJ.¸)> «Jrt. FF lgd \ïtudi Qrgdfofkjr.- Gd kfúi y jlidgscgktg sik sungtis lg lgrgcmis, dfegrtjlgs y lg pritgccfók gspgcï`fcj. Lgegk cuopdfr djs iedfbjcfikgs ciksjbrjljs gk gstj kiroj¸ Lg fbujd ojkgrj, gk gd Jrtïcudi F] lgd \ïtudi Qrgdfofkjr lgd Cólfbi lg dis Kfúis, Kfújs y Jlidgscgktgs, sg gkcugktrj rgbudjli gd prfkcfpfi lgd Fktgræs Supgrfir lgd Kfúi> «Jrtïcudi F] lgd \ïtudi Qrgdfofkjr.- Gk tilj oglflj cikcgrkfgktg jd kfúi y jd jlidgscgktg qug jliptg gd Gstjli j trjvæs lg dis Qilgrgs Gngcutfvi, Dgbfsdjtfvi y Nulfcfjd, lgd Ofkfstgrfi Qþedfci, dis Biefgrkis Ugbfikjdgs, Biefgrkis Dicjdgs y sus lgoês fkstftucfikgs, jsï cioi dj sicfgljl sg ciksflgrjrê gd Qrfkcfpfi lgd Fktgræs Supgrfir lgd Kfúi y lgd Jlidgscgktg y gd rgspgti j sus lgrgcmis¸ Gktikcgs, brjcfjs j dj fk`dugkcfj lg gstj lictrfkj gk kugstrj dgbfsdjcfók kjcfikjd pilgois gkciktrjr qug dis lgrgcmis lg dis kfúis, kfújs y jlidgscgktgs sg gkcugktrjk bjrjktfzjlis y rgcikicflis, tgkfgkli cioi ejsg ùkljogktjd gd prfkcfpfi lgd fktgræs supgrfir lgd kfúi (Jrtïcudi ]F lgd \ïtudi Qrgdfofkjr lgd CKJ). Gs pir gddi qug pjrj ukj cirrgctj jpdfcjcfók lg lfcmi prfkcfpfi, sg lgeg jkjdfzjr dj sftujcfók jctujd lgd ogkir lurjktg uk cik`dfcti, gs lgcfr, gs fopirtjktg lgtgrofkjr cuêdgs sik dis lgrgcmis qug gstjrïjk sfgkli vudkgrjlis y lg gstj ojkgrj, pilgr rgsbujrljr dj ojyir cjktfljl lg sus lgrgcmis. Jd rgspgcti, gstj lictrfkj tjoefæk nugbj uk rid ùkljogktjd gk gd êoefti lgd lgrgcmi pgkjd. Gddi fopdfcj qug gd Gstjli, dj `jofdfj y dj sicfgljl ciopjrtgk ukj rgspiksjefdfljl ejsjlj ejsjlj gk dj jctujr lg dis kfúis, kfújs y jlidgscgktgs8 gs lgcfr, gddis tgklrêk qug vgdjr pir uk ciopirtjofgkti, pjrj qug vjyj lg jcugrli j dis rgqugrfofgktis sicfjdgs qug sg mjyjk gstjedgcfli. Brjcfjs j gddi, sg bgkgrj gk gd jlidgscgktg uk sgktfli lg rgspiksjefdfljl pir ojktgkgr ukj cikluctj jcirlg j su cioukfljl. Ki iestjktg, sgrê gd Gstjli gd qug lgegrê jsuofr gstj rgspiksjefdfljl jktg dj fk`rjccfók ciogtflj pir gd

LGDFKCWGKCFJ GK OGKIUGS LG GLJL

73

jlidgscgktg gk gd lgrgcmi pgkjd. Qir su pjrtg, gd prfkcfpfi lg fktgræs supgrfir lgd kfúi sg gkcjrbjrê lg vgdjr pir dis lgrgcmis lgd jlidgscgktg fk`rjctir lg dj dgy pgkjd `rgktg j dj sgburfljl cfuljljkj. Qir tjkti, brjcfjs j dj Lictrfkj lg dj Qritgccfók Fktgbrjd, sg dibrj rgcikicgr j dis kfúis, kfújs y jlidgscgktgs cioi sungtis lg lgrgcmi y j su vgz, bjrjktfzjr tilis sus lgrgcmis, tiojkli cioi ejsg gd prfkcfpfi lgd Fktgræs Supgrfir lgd Kfúi y dj pjrtfcfpjcfók lg dj `jofdfj y gd Gstjli.

Gd jrtïcudi • Cikvgkcfók sierg dis Lgrgcmis lgd Kfúi (51/::/=6) • Ugbdjs Oïkfojs Wkfìrogs lg djs Kjcfikgs Wkfljs pjrj dj Jlofkfstrjcfók lg Nustfcfj

(5=/::/:6=7) • Lfrgctrfcgs lg djs

Kjcfikgs Wkfljs pjrj dj Qrgvgkcfók lg dj Lgdfkcugkcfj Nuvgkfd.

(: sfbufgktgs>

j) Joikgstjcfók, dj qug supikg dj rgcrfofkjcfók jd jlidgscgktg fk`rjctir y j sus pjlrgs i rgspiksjedgss lgd mgcmi ciogtfli. rgspiksjedg e) Qrgstjcfók lg sgrvfcfis j dj cioukfljl pir uk pgrïili oêxfoi lg 0 ogsgs. c) Dfegrtjl jsfstflj pir uk pgrïili oêxfoi lg = ogsgs > Lgsfbkjcfók lg uk tutir pjrj dj irfgktjcfók, supgrvfsfók y prioicfók lgd jlidgscgktg y su `jofdfj (jrtïcudi 533).

l) Dfegrtjl rgstrfkbflj pir uk pgrïili oêxfoi lg :5 ogsgs> Jsfstgkcfj y pjrtfcfpjcfók lfjrfj lgd jlidgscgktg fk`rjctir gk gd Sgrvfcfi lg Irfgktjcfók jd Jlidgscgktg, j cjrbi lg dj Bgrgkcfj lg Ipgrjcfikgs lg Cgktris Nuvgkfdgs lgd Qilgr Nulfcfjd, j `fk lg sungtjrsg j uk pribrjoj tgklgktg tgklgktg j su irfgktjc irfgktjcfók, fók, glucjcfó glucjcfókk y rgfksgrcfók j dj ssicfgljl icfgljl (jrtïcudi 53 dj rgmjefdftjcfók lgd ogkir fk`rjctir. Sfk goejrbi, djogktjedgogktg gk dj prêctfcj, djs gstjlïstfcjs kis ougstrjk qug, pir gd ciktrjrfi, dj oglflj lg fktgrkjofgkti rgsudtj sgr dj oês utfdfzjlj pir kugstris nugcgs8 sfgkli qug, jd ogs lg ojyi lg 51:5, lg uk titjd lg 552= (:11%) jlidgscgktgs fk`rjctirg fk`rjctirgss lg dj dgy dg y pgkjd gk tili gd êoefti kjcfikjd, uk titjd :77= (0=%) sg gkcugktrjk cuopdfgkli ukj oglflj lg fktgrkjofgkti (sfstgoj cgrrjli)8 ofgktrjs qug uk titjd lg 251 (35%) sg gkcugktrjk gk uk sfstgoj jefgrti, gs lgcfr, mjk sfli sgktgkcfjlis pir gd Qilgr Nulfcfjd y mjk sfli iengti lg ukj oglflj sicfiglucjtfvj ki prfvjtfvj lg dfegrtjl. Cik rgdjcfók j gstg pukti, vjdg dj pgkj rg`dgxfikjr sierg sierg dj fk`dugkcfj fk`dugkcfj qug qug oucmjs vgcgs dis oglfis lg cioukfcjcfók y gd cdjoir pipudjr istgktj sierg kugstris nugcgs lg `jofdfj, jd sidfcftjr sg fopikbjk djs sjkcfikgs oês brjvisjs qug kugstri irlgkjofgkti prgvæ (dæjsg, dj oglflj lg fktgrkjofgkti)8 idvflêklisg lgd `fk rgmjefdftjlir qug gk rgjdfljl djs oglfljs sicfiglucjtfvjs sicfiglucjtfvjs tfgkgk. Lgktri lg dj pgrcgpcfók cfuljljkj sg crgg qug sik `rgcugktgs dis cjsis lg jlidgscgktgs fk`rjctirgs, y qug gstis ciogtgk dis lgdftis oês brjvgs qug sg pugljk fojbfkjr, pripfcfêklisg dj crgjcfók lg kirojs oês sgvgrjs qug tgkbjk cioi iengti dj sjkcfók lgd ogkir y ki su rgmjefdftjcfók8 di qug gk su oiogkti jciktgcfó cik dj fktriluccfók lgd pjklfddjng pgrkfcfisi gk gd Cólfbi lg Kfúis y Jlidgscgktgs. Jd rgspgcti, ciksflgrjois qug

LGDFKCWGKCFJ GK OGKIUGS LG GLJL

76

gstj crggkcfj lgeg sgr ciktrjstjlj cik djs cf`rjs qug dj Bgrgkcfj lg dis Cgktris Nuvgkfdgs lgd Qilgr Nulfcfjd mjk djkzjli j ojyi lgd 51:5 , gk djs qug sg sgújdjk qug gd 01.:% lg dis jlidgscgktgs fk`rjctirgs sg gkcugktrj cuopdfgkli ukj oglflj sicfi glucjtfvj pir gd lgdfti ciktrj gd pjtrfoikfi, di qug ciktrjstj cik gd :=.6% qug cuopdg ukj oglflj pir uk lgdfti ciktrj dj dfegrtjl sgxujd8 y, gd :1.6% qug dj vfgkg cuopdfgkli pir dj ciofsfók lg uk lgdfti ciktrj gd cugrpi y dj sjdul. Jsfofsoi, lgstjcj gd rglucfli pircgktjng lg ogkirgs j dis qug sg fopikg ukj oglflj pir dj ciofsfók lgd tjk cftjli pjklfddjng pgrkfcfisi, gd qug jpgkjs jdcjkzj gd :%. Gk lg`fkftfvj, gstjs cf`rjs kis ougstrjk qug gd kfvgd lg lgdfkcugkc lgdfkcugkcfj fj nuvgkfd ki sg cikcgktrj gk dis lgdftis oês brjvgs qug rgbudj kugstri irlgkjofgkti, sfki qug oucmjs vgcgs sg gxpdfcj gk djs cjusjs qug cikddgvjk j qug dis ogkirgs fkcurrjk gk fk`rjccfikgs8 djs qug sik lgnjljs lg djli gk djs pripugstjs dgbfsdjtfvjs qug sg ìroudjk cik icjsfók lg gstg tgoj. J di gxpugsti sg suoj dj tjsj lg rgfkcflgkcfj vfbgktg jd 51:5, cikìrog j dj cujd gs rgfkcflgktg gd =.2% lg jlidgscgktgs fk`rjctirgs qug sg gkcugktrjk cik oglflj lg fktgrkjofgkti8 ofgktrjs qug gk gd cjsi lg dis qug sg gkcugktrjk cuopdfgkli ukj oglflj sicfiglucjtfvi gk gd sfstgoj jefgrti, sidi gs rgfkcflgktg gd 3.=%. Gstjs cf`rjs ougstrjk qug djs pripugstjs dgbfsdjtfvjs gk tirki j pridikbjr gd ppdjzi djzi lg lurjcfók lg dj oglflj lg fktgrkjofgkti gk gd cjsi cjsi lg ogkirgs fk`rjctirgs, ki rgsudtj uk fkstruogkti flókgi pjrj rglucfr dis kfvgdgs lg lgdfkcugkcfj nuvgkfd8 sierg tili gk tjkti dj tjsj lg rgfkcflgktg lfsofkuyg gk dis cjsis lg jlidgscgktgs j dis qug sg dgs d gs fopusi ukj oglflj sicfiglucjtfvj lfstfktj j dj lgd fktgrkjofgkti. Jd lgejtg, sg suoj dj fkfcfjtfvj lg cfgrtis dgbfsdjlirgs pir lfsofkufr dj gljl lg := j :0 júis, pjrj mjcgr rgspiksjedgs gk gd êoefti pgkjd j dis ogkirgs lg gljl. Cik rgspgcti j gstg pukti, ciksflgrjois ciksflgrjois qug cujdqufgr pisfcfók pisfcfók qug sg qufgrj tiojr sierg gstg tgoj, jlgoês lg rgvfsjr di gstjedgcfli gk dj kirojtfvj fktgrkjcfikjd vfbgktg, lgeg vjdirjr qug gk gstj ojtgrfj, dj gxfbgkcfj lg rgspiksjefdfljlgs y lgegrgs sfgoprg lgeg fr lg dj ojki cik gd itirbjofgkti lg lgrgcmis8 sfgkli pir gddi fkvfjedg cujdqufgr lfsofkucfók lg gljl qug sidi eusqug gxtgklgr dj rgspiksjefdfljl, pgri qug ki

LGDFKCWGKCFJ GK OGKIUGS LG GLJL

01

rgcikizcj j dis ogkirgs gd lgrgcmi lg pjrtfcfpjr gk itris êoeftis gk dis qug dj jsukcfók lg lfcmj rgspiksjefdfljl, lg pir sï, di pgroftj.

=.- ¹Ugspiksjefdfljl Qgkjd Lg Dis Ogkirgs Lg Gljl9 =.:.- @óroudj Dgbjd Gk Kugstri Qjïs Sierg Fkfoputjefdfljl Lg Dis Ogkirgs Lg Gljl Dj fkfoputjefdfljl sg lg`fkg cioi dj fkcjpjcfljl lg uk sungti pjrj cioprgklgr dj fdfcftul fdf cftul lg sus jctis y dj cjpjcfljl pjrj jlgcujr gd ciopirtjofgkti j gstj cioprgsfók. Gsti ki sidi di lfcg gd Cólfbi Qgkjd pgrujki sfki dj brjk ojyirïj lg cólfbis pgkjdgs, yi lfrïj cjsf tilis. Gstj `óroudj pjrj rgbudjr dj fkfoputjefdfljl, gs ukj `óroudj qug cikcfeg jd sgr muojki, jd fklfvflui, sidi cioi ukj pgrspgctfvj cibkftfvj y vidftfvj. Qgri idvflj qug gd sgr muojki jlgoês lg cikicfofgkti y viduktjl gs ukj pgrsikj qug tfgkg ukj lfogksfók j`gctfvj, goicfikjd y sierg tili cudturjd. Gstj `óroudj dgbjd, cioi cjsf tili gd Lgrgcmi @irojd, jsuog qug gd fklfvflui gs uk sgr rjcfikjd. V ki di siois, pirqug djs lgcfsfikgs qug tiojois, cioi ojyirgs i ogkirgs, ki sik rjcfikjdgs. Sik lgcfsfikgs qug gstêk foprgbkjljs lg goicfikgs, lg j`gctis y lg vfcfis. Gsti di lfcg lgslg mjcg oucmïsfois júis dj psfcidibïj y gd psfcijkêdfsfs. Mjstj qug gd Lgrgcmi @irojd ki rgcikizcj dj kjturjdgzj lgd sgr muojki cioi sgr ki rjcfikjd -pgri qug gk jdbukjs cfrcukstjkcfjs puglg sgr oitfvjli-, mjstj qug ki di mjbj y sfbj ipgrjkli cik `óroudjs dgbjdgs qug cikcfejk jd fklfvflui cioi ukj lfogksfók cibkftfvj y vidftfvj pgri lgscikicflj pir gd djli j`gctfvi, goicfikjd y pir gklg cudturjd, gd trjtjofgkti qug sg puglj ljr kukcj vj j sgr gd ognir. Sf j tili gsti sg dg jújlg qug dj fkfoputjefdfljl trjlfcfikjdogktg mj sfli cikcgeflj cioi uk lg`gcti i ukj tjrj lgd sungti -gs lgcfr, ¹qufækgs sik fkfoputjedgs9 Dis ogkirgs lg gljl, dis qug tfgkgk jkiojdïjs psïqufcjs, dis qug tfgkgk jdtgrjcfikgs gk dj pgrcgpcfók y dis qug tfgkgk jdtgrjcfikgs gk dj cikcfgkcfj, gsti gs di qug lfcg dj dgy-, y dj þkfcj fktgrprgtjcfók oês i ogkis pdjusfedg qug qu quglj glj gs gs qug dj fkfoputjefdfljl fkfoputjefdfljl gs sfkókfoi llgg ukj pjtidibïj, lg uk lg`gcti, cjsf

LGDFKCWGKCFJ GK OGKIUGS LG GLJL

0:

ukj gk`grogljl. Cik di cujd gd trjtjofgkti qug sg dg lj jd fkfoputjedg, pir gklg jd ogkir, gs uk trjtjofgkti pgyirjtfvi y mjstj lfscrfofkjlir pirqug gk rgjdfljl gd fkfoputjedg ogkir ki gs qug tgkbj ukj cikcgpcfók jdtgrjlj lg dj rgjdfljl, cikcfeg dj rgjdfljl gvgktujdogktg lg ukj ojkgrj lfstfktj j dj qug cujd dj cikcfeg gd rgsti, kf ognir kf pgir, sfopdgogktg lfstfktj. Dj `óroudj dgbjd pjrgcg idvfljr gstg kgcgsjrfi pukti lg pjrtflj. Qukti lg pjrtflj jlgoês qug gs iedfbjtirfi, pirqug kugstrj Cikstftucfók lg`fkg jd fklfvflui cioi ukj pgrsikj cik lfbkfljl y ukj pgrsikj qug tfgkg lgrgcmi j dj jutilgtgrofkjcfók y jd dferg lgsjrriddi lg su pgrsikjdfljl, gs lgcfr, tjoefæk dis ogkirgs g fkfoputjedgs tfgkgk gsg lgrgcmi j dj jutilgtgrofkjcfók y jd dferg lgsjrriddi lg su pgrsikjdfljl. Gd cikcrgti oilgdi lg cikcgefr dj rgjdfljl ki puglg sgr pgr sg kgbjtfvj kf rgpricmjedg, sfopdgogktg lfstfktj j ddjj qug pir cikcgsi dj ojyirïj jsuog cioi lgsgjedg.

=.5.- ¹Gs Ciopjtfedg Gddi Cik Gd Gstjli Lg Lgrgcmi9 Lg tili gsti, gstg pukti lg pjrtflj, dj kgcgsfljl lg cikcgefr jd fklfvflui cioi jdbi oês qug cikcfgkcfj y viduktjl, gs lgcfr, uk sgr goicfikjd, j`gctfvi y lg fk`dugkcfj cudturjd, tili gsti trjsdjljli jd ojrci lg Gstjli lg Lgrgcmi y dj cudpjefdfljl pgkjd, mjcg qug sidi sg puglj gxfbfr rgspiksjefdfljl pgkjd j ukj pgrsikj j dj cujd gd Gstjli sidi dg mjyj pripircfikjli, i ognir lfcmi, dg mjyj sjtfs`gcmi ciklfcfikgs pjrj gngrcgr lgrgcmis y pjrj cuopdfr iedfbjcfikgs. Gsti, gk uk Gstjli lg Lgrgcmi gs jesidutjogktg pitgktg pir lis cugstfikgs> (f)

pirqug sidi gk lgoicrjcfj gd Gstjli itirbj gstj `jcudtjl j dis fklfvfluis pjrj pjrtfcfpjr gk gd lgejtg ssicfi icfi pidïtfci y nurïlfci qug tgrofkj pir lgcfrkis cuêdgs sik dis efgkgs nurïlfcis pritgbflis pir gd Lgrgcmi L grgcmi Qgkjd y cóoi sg pritgbgk8 y

(ff)

uk Gstjli lg Lgrgcmi ki puglg jloftfr qug qufgk ki pjrtfcfpj dfergogktg gk gsg lfêdibi y gk gsg lgejtg pidïtfci, vjyj j sgr sjkcfikjli nustjogktg pir ciktrjvgkfr gsg lgejtg pidïtfci.

LGDFKCWGKCFJ GK OGKIUGS LG GLJL

05

Qrfogrj ciksgcugkcfj, sidi puglg mjegr cudpjefdfljl gk lgoicrjcfj, sidi sg puglg rgspiksjefdfzjr rgspiksje fdfzjr pgkjdogktg gk lgoicrjcfj y sidi sg puglg rgspiksjefdfzjr pgkjdogktg j djs pgrsikjs qug mjk tgkfli dj ipi ipirtukfljl rtukfljl lg pj pjrtfcfpjr rtfcfpjr gk gs gsgg lgejtg pidïtfci. Jsï, ki sidi sg trjtj gk dj cjpjcfljl pjrj lfspikgr lg efgkgs nurïlfcis, sg trjtj lg jdbi prgvfi, sg trjtj lg dj kgcgsjrfj pjrtfcfpjcfók qug mj tgkfli gd sungti rgspiksjedg, pjrtfcfpjcfók gk gd lgejtg y lfêdibi sicfi pidïtfci qug lgtgrofkj quæ efgkgs nurïlfcis sg pritgbgk gk gd Lgrgcmi Qgkjd y cóoi sg pritgbgk.

=.3.- Gd Qriedgoj Lg Dis Ogkirgs Lg Gljl V Dj Ugspiksjefdfljl Qgkjd Dugbi lg tili gstg lfscursi, uki pilrïj pgksjr qug cioi dis ogkirgs ki pjrtfcfpjk gk gstg lgejtg, lfscursi i lfêdibi, ki lgegrïjk sgr rgspiksjefdfzjlis pgkjdogktg. V gs vgrljl, dj prfogrj gxfbgkcfj qug sg dg lgegrïj mjcgr jd Gstjli pjrj qug uk ogkir rgspiklj pgkjdogktg, gs qug gsj pgrsikj tgkbj lgrgcmi j pjrtfcfpjr gk gd lgejtg pidïtfci. Lj dj cjsujdfljl qug dj pjrtfcfpjcfók gk gd lgejtg pidïtfci gopfgzj rgcfæk j dis := júis, jd ogkis, dj pisfefdfljl lg gdgbfr y sgr gdgbfli y lg gngrcgr ukj sgrfg lg lgrgcmis cfuljljkis. cfuljljkis. Sfk goejrbi, sf uki rgvfsj gd ojrci kirojtfvi vfbgktg lgtgctj qug dis ogkirgs sï rgspiklgk. V rgspiklgk pgkjdogktg lgslg dis :< júis. ¹Cóoi sg puglg cikcfdfjr gsi9 Gs lgcfr, ¹Cóoi sg puglg cikcfdfjr gd lfscursi tgórfci qug lgeg dgbftfojr dj d j gvgktujd rgspiksjefdfljl lg ogkirgs jsuofgkli qug gd prgsupugsti sgj su pjrtfcfpjcfók gk gd lgejtg pidïtfci cik gd mgcmi rgjd qug dj dgy vfbgktg dgs jtrfeuyj gvgktujd rgspiksjefdfljl pgkjd j pjrtfr lg dis :< júis9 V lfbi, rgspiksjefdfljl pgkjd y ki ukj sidjogktg rgspiksjefdfljl lfscfpdfkjrfj qug bgkgrg oglfljs glucjtfvjs i oglfljs lg jsgburjofgkti, jsgburjofgk ti, dj rgspiksjefdfljl lg uk ogkir fk`rjctir gs pgkjd y djs sjkcfikgs j djs cujdgs sg dg siogtgk sik lg kjturjdgzj pgkjd. ¹Cóoi cikcfdfjr gsi9 Ki di d i sæ. Qgri crggrïj qug, gk tili cjsi, mjy ìrojs lg jprixfojrkis j ukj gvgktujd cikcfdfjcfók.

LGDFKCWGKCFJ GK OGKIUGS LG GLJL

03

=.7.- ¹Cóoi Lgegrïj Sgr Gstj Ugjccfók Qgkjd9 Gk prfogr dubjr, ki crgi qug gd jsukti sg zjkng lfstfkbufgkli gktrg lis cidgctfvis, ogkirgs y ojyirgs, y trjtjkli j uki lg ojkgrj lfstfktj j dis itris. Crgi qug gd priedgoj lg ìkli, lg dj fkfoputjefdfljl, gs uk priedgoj lg sicfjdfzjcfók. Gs lgcfr, cujkli uki sg prgbuktj pir quæ kugstri sfstgoj nurïlfci cikcfeg gsj ojyirïj lg gljl, dj þkfcj rgspugstj rjcfikjd gs pirqug gsj gljl jreftrjrfj, y pir gklg cik jdbukis lg`gctis, oês i ogkis gxprgsj cfgrti brjli lg ojlurgz gk dj pgrsikj qug sidi jlqufgrg pir sicfjdfzjcfók, gs lgcfr, pir pgrtgkgkcfj, ciktjcti g fktgrjccfók cik itris ofgoeris lg uk brupi sicfjd, qug mjcg qug gk gsg pricgsi lg sicfjdfzjcfók, gsj pgrsikj puglj jccglgr, jccglgr, cikicgr g fktgrfirfzjr prfkcfpfis y vjdirgs qug rfbgk dj lfkêofcj lg gsg brupi sicfjd. Qir gsi, gs qug ukj lg djs cjusjs lg fkfoputjefdfljl tfgkg qug sgr tjoefæk, pir gngopdi, gd ìrojr pjrtg i pgrtgkgcgr j uk brupi sicfjd lfjogtrjdogktg ipugsti pirqug gsj pgrsikj ki cciopjrtg iopjrtg dis vjdirg vjdirgss g flgjdgs qu qugg rfbgk dj lfkêofcj lfkêofcj lg uk brupi brupi sicfjd qug dugbi sg pdjsoj gk dj dgy pgkjd. Qgri eugki, lgcïj qug ki crgi qug dj rgspugstj jd priedgoj pdjktgjli sgj gd gstjedgcfofgkti lg dj gljl gk dj cujd sg lf`grgkcfg lg foputjedgs g fkfoputjedgs i ojyirgs y ogkirgs. Crgi qug pir gd ciktrjrfi, sg lgeg trjejnjr cik `óroudjs gscjdikjljs. gscjdikjlj s. Jdbi lg gsti yj pdjktgj gd Lgrgcmi Qisftfvi (gs lgcfr, gk rgjdfljl, gd priedgoj lg dis ogkirgs lg gljl gs uk priedgoj ojyir, gs uk priedgoj lg cóoi fk`duyg dj gljl lg ukj pgrsikj gk gd gd trjtjofgkti pgkjd)> ¹J pjrtfr lg quæ gljl sg lgegrïj ciksflgrjr rgspiksjedg j ukj pgrsikj9 Dj dgy lfcg :< júis, pjrgcg rjzikjedg, j oï og sjtfs`jcg. \jd vgz sgj :5 i :3, tjoefæk og vj j sjtfs`jcgr. Qirqug cujkli sg mjedj lg gljl, sfgoprg vj j sgr jreftrjrfi, pir gsi qug ki crgi qug dj rgspugstj sgj ukj gljl sfki gktgklgr qug tgkgois qug trjejnjr cik gtjpjs, cik oiogktis lg ojlurgz i lg sicfjdfzjcfók. J pjrtfr lg dis :< -tjoefæk lfrïj j pjrtfr lg dis :3-, crgi qug uk Gstjli lg Lgrgcmi puglg jloftfr dgbïtfojogktg qug ukj pgrsikj gopfgcg j rgspiklgr. Qgri vj j gopgzjr

LGDFKCWGKCFJ GK OGKIUGS LG GLJL

0<

j rgspiklgr pgkjdogktg pirqug gd brjli lg pjrtfcfpjcfók pidïtfcj qug lgeg tgkgr tfgkg qug sgr cioi oïkfoi, ciopjtfedg cik gsg brjli lg rgspiksjefdfljl. ¹J pjrtfr lg quæ gljl sg lgegrïj ciksflgrjr pdgkjogktg rgspiksjedg j ukj pgrsikj9 @ïngksg ustglgs, miy lïj gd Cólfbi Qgkjd lfcg qug dj rgspiksjefdfljl pgkjd pdgkj gopfgzj j dis :=. Dugbi sg cirrfbg y lfcg qug gktrg dis := y 5: mjy di qug sg cikicg cioi ukj fkfoputjefdfljl rgstrfkbflj. Gk rgjdfljl miy lïj, rgcfæk j dis 5: júis, sg gs pdgkjogktg rgspiksjedg gk Lgrgcmi Qgkjd pirqug sg jloftg qug gktrg dis := y 5: tiljvïj gxfstg uk djpsi lg 3 júis gk gd cujd dj pgrsikj puglg puglg sgbufr ojlurj ojlurjkli. kli. ¹J pjrtfr lg quæ gljl sg lgegrïj ciksflgrjr qug ukj pgrsikj pfgrlg cfgrtjs `jcudtjlgs qug mjcgk qug gd trjtjofgkti pgkjd mjcfj gddj tgkbj qug jtgkujrsg9 V j pjrtfr lg dis 07 júis, dj rgspiksjefdfljl sg jtgkþj. Ki sæ sf gstj gljl gs cirrgctj i ki, pgri crgi qug dj d j ogtilidibïj sï gs cirrgctj> trjejnjr cik gtjpjs y cik oiogktis lg lgsjrriddi lg ojlurgz y qug tilis gddis prgsupikbjkk pjrtfcfpjcfók pidïtfcj gk gd lgejtg y gk gd lfêdibi lgoicrêtfci qug gs gd prgsupikbj prgsupugsti lg rgspiksjefdfljl pgkjd gk uk Gstjli lg Lgrgcmi. V gsj rgspiksjefdfljl pgkjd tgklrê qug gstjr gk ciksikjkcfj cik gd brjli lg pjrtfcfpjcfók, cik gd lgrgcmi j pjrtfcfpjr gk gsg lgejtg pidïtfci pirqug gs di þkfci qug nustf`fcj jtrfeufr rgspiksjefdfljl gk uk gstjli lg Lgrgcmi.

LGDFKCWGKCFJ GK OGKIUGS LG GLJL

07

Cikcdusfikgs Cik gstg trjejni sg ddgbj j djs sfbufgktgs cikcdusfikgs> Zug ki gxfstg dj gljl pjrj qug ukj pgrsikj cik priedgojs qug tfgkgk cioi sg vfi



jktgrfirogktg, gspgcfjdogktg gspgcfjdogktg dis kfúis ddgbjk d dgbjk jd cjofki qug dj lgdfkcugkcfj. Wk lgdfkcugktg ki kjcg, sfki qug sg mjcg", y gk gsti dj `jofdfj tfgkg uk rid prfkcfpjd8



lg mgcmi, gs dj pfgzj cdjvg pjrj uk jlidgscgktg, pugs lg dj ìrojcfók qug rgcfej, y lg dis vjdirgs fkcudcjlis lurjktg dj kfúgz, lgpgklgrê gk pjrtg, gd cjofki qug sfbj. Sg gkcugktrj qug dj ogktjdfljl lgd fklfvflui sg vj lgtgrfirjkli j rjïz lg dj



lgsfktgbrjcfók lgsfktgbrjc fók `jofdfjr. Sg supikg qug dj `jofdfj gs dj ejsg oês sódflj lg dj sicfgljl. Jd lgsfktgbrjrsg, sg lgsfktgbrj j su vgz dj pgrsikj8 gktikcgs gs jmï liklg gd fklfvflui ki dg gkcugktrj sgktfli j su vflj. Qir di tjkti ki jprivgcmjk su tfgopi gk glucjcfók, lgpirtgs y itrjs jctfvfljlgs lg lgsjrriddi, gktikcgs sg lglfcjk j lgtgrfirjrsg gddis ofsois y di oês fopirtjktg j mjcgrdg gd ojd j sus sgognjktgs, yj sgj rieêklidgs, mfrfæklidis i cioi sg mj ljli gk itrjs sftujcfikgs, ojtjkli j `jofdfjrgs, fkcdusi j sus pripfis pjlrgs. pjlrgs. Dj ognir ojkgrj lg prgvgkfrsg qug surnjk lgdfkcugktgs fk`jktfdgs. \joefæk gs ievfj dj



kgcgsfljl lg fktgbrjr gstrjtgbfjs lfrfbfljs j dj ognirj lg cfgrtjs cjpjcfljlgs y mjefdfljlgs gk dis nóvgkgs cik jqugddjs itrjs gkcjofkjljs j jdtgrjr dj cioukfljl, gd oglfi sicfjd, liklg tilj pgrsikj sg oidlgj.

LGDFKCWGKCFJ GK OGKIUGS LG GLJL

00

Ug`grgkcfjs Jutirgs> Nudfêk Qærgz Qirti y Ojrïj Ogrfki. Quedfcjli> 51:1. Jctujdfzjli> 51://lg`fkfcfik.lg/lgdfkcugkcfj/)) Lg`fkfcfik.lg> Lg`fkfcfók lg lgdfkcugkcfj (mttps>//lg`fkfcfik.lg/lgdfkcugkcfj/ Cjrdj

Sjktjgddj.

Gd

`gkóogki

lg

dj

lgdfkcugkcfj

-

Oikibrj`fjs.cio

(mttps>//www.oikibrj`fjs.c mttps>//www.oikibrj`fjs.cio/trjejnis6:/`gki io/trjejnis6:/`gkiogki-lgdfkcugkc ogki-lgdfkcugkcfj/`gkiogkifj/`gkiogkilgdfkcugkcfj.smtod#ìrojslglj)) lgdfkcugkcfj.smtod#ìrojslglj Vgsfl Ugygs Jdvjrjli. Lgdfkcugktgs ogkirgs lg gljl | GDGSQGC\JLIU.CIO mttps>//www.gdgspgctjlir.cio/ipfkfik/lgdfkc tjlir.cio/ipfkfik/lgdfkcugktgs-ogkirg ugktgs-ogkirgs-lg-gljl s-lg-gljl)) (mttps>//www.gdgspgc Qrgvgkcfók lg dis tfpis lg lgdfkcugkcfj qug sik ciksgcugkcfj lg dis cjoefis sicfjdgs... (Fkìrog lgd Sgbukli Cikbrgsi lg djs Kjcfikgs Wkfljs sierg Qrgvgkcfók lgd Lgdfti y \rjtjofgkti lgd Lgdfkcugktg, Diklrgs, = j :6 lg jbisti lg :601). Jyjdj, M., Qglrizj, @., Oirjdgs, S., Cmjpjrri, J. y Ejrrjbêk, K. (5115). @jctirgs lg rfgsbi, `jctirgs lg pritgctirgs y bgkgrjdfzjcfók lgd ciopirtjofgkti jbrgsfvi gk ukj ougstrj lg kfúis gk gljl gscidjr. Sjdul Ogktjd, Pid. 57 (3), pp. 52-//edib.pucp.glu.pg/edib/wp-

ciktgkt/updijls/sftgs/5:3/51:3/15/51:3 ciktgkt/updijls /sftgs/5:3/51:3/15/51:315:2-pidgoisY0Y 15:2-pidgoisY0Yeidgtfk.pl` eidgtfk.pl`

La Delincuencia en Menores de Edad

Short Description

Description

Comments

We need your help!