La Conducta Humana - Jose Topf
October 7, 2022 | Author: Anonymous | Category: N/A
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Hk olaiuotk Cumkak - Els` Ylpf
Wsbolhldík (Pabv`rsbiki i` Nu`als Kbr`s)
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Wsbolhldbk
Hk olaiuotk
cumkak Elsâ Yöpf
t`mks
pssbolhldík p
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Wsbolhldbk
Hk olaiuotk
cumkak
Elsâ Yöpf
Yöpf, Elsâ Wsbolhldík 5 hk olaiuotk cumkak / Elsâ Yöpf. - ;k `i. - Obuiki Kutÿalmk i` Nu`als Kbr`s 5 @ui`nk, >7>7. Hbnrl ibdbtkh ibdbtkh,, WIF - (Y (Y`mks-ps `mks-psbolhl bolhldík) dík)
Krocbvl Ibdbtkh5 lahba` B_NA 243-207->?->22;-3 ;. Wsbolhldík. B. Yítuhl. OII ;07
@ui`nk Pabv`rsbiki i` Nu`als Kbr`s
;µ `ibobÿa5 mkrzl i` >7>7 © >7>7 @ibtlrbkh Pabv`rsbtkrbk i` Nu`als Kbr`s
_lob`iki i` @olalmík Mbxtk Kv. ^bvkikvbk ;04;/4? (;7??) Obuiki i` Nu`als Kbr`s Y`h.5 9?3?-37>0 / Fkx5 9?3?->>7> www.`ui`nk.olm.kr
Ibs`ûl i` tkpk5 Euka Oruz Dla`hhk
Olrr Ol rr`oo `oobÿa bÿa
olm ls lsbob bobÿa ÿa `a` `a`rkh rkh55 @ui @ui`nk `nk
K hk m`mlrbk i` ^lilhfl Nlclshkvsjy
Elsâ Yöpf
6
Íaibo`
^upturk ola hk psbolhldík i` hk olaob`aobk
y ola `h mâtl mâtlil il i` hk batr batrlsp` lsp`oobÿ oobÿa a ............ ........................ ........................ ................ .... 2
Olao`ptls t`ÿrbols fuaikat`s i` uak psbolhldík i` hk hk olaiu olaiuotk otk cum cumkak kak .... ........ ......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ......... ....... ... ; 4
Hk nõsqu`ik i` ua lne`tl i` `stuibl qu` plsbnbhbt` uakk ps ua psbo bolh lhld ldík ík ‘ob ob`a `atí tífb fbok ok”” ............. ............................ ............................. ......................... ........... > ;
Hk olaiuotk olml uabiki i` kaëhbsbs y `h mâtlil lne`tbvl5
lns` ln s`rv rvko kobÿ bÿa, a, m`ib m`ibob obÿa ÿa,, r`prl r`prliu iuot otbv bvbi biki ki y pr`ib pr`ibotbnb otbnbhbiki hbiki .... ...... > 0
@snlzl @sn lzl i` hks olr olrrb` rb`at` at`ss lne`t lne`tbvk bvkss `a psb psbolh olhldí ldíkk ............. ................. .... > 0 Kat`o`i`at`s i`h olaiuotbsml `a `h i`skrrlhhl
i` hk nb nbllhl hldí díkk .... ......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ......... ......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ........ ... ? ;
Kat`o`i`at`s prÿxbmls i`h olaiuotbsml `a hk ps psbo bolh lhld ldík ík ka kabm bmkh kh ............. ............................ ............................. ............................ ................ ? 0
Hks flrm flrmuhk uhkobl obla`s a`s i` hk hk `sou` `sou`hk hk olai olaiuot uotbst bstkk ............ .......................... ................ ? 2
hl @-^ @-^ (`stí (`stímuh muhll - r`sp r`spu`s u`stk) tk).. @h Ola` Ola`xbl xblabs absml ml ........ 9 ; @h mli` mli`hl
@h prl prlnh` nh`mk mk i` hks `ml `mlobl obla`s a`s ............. ............................ ............................. ................... ..... 9 4
@h a`lolaiuotbsml
Olai Ol aiuo uotb tbsm smll ml mlhk hkrr l ba bat` t`ao aobl blak akhh .............. ............................ .......................... ............ 0 ;
@h pkp`h i`h sbdabfbokil y i` hk bat`aobÿa `a hk vkhlrkobÿa i` hls hls `stímu `stímuhls hls y i` i` hks r`sp r`spu` u`stk stkss .... ........ ......... ......... ......... .......... ......... ....... ... 0 0
Olao`p Ola o`ptls tls ola olaiuo iuotbs tbstks tks i`h kpr kpr`ai `aibzke bzke`` ............... ............................... .................. 6 0
Wsbolhldík i` hk Olaiuotk al Olaiuotbstk
Bat`atls i` bat`drkobÿa t`ÿrbok i` uak psbolhldík i` hk olaiu olaiuotk otk `a `a au`str au`strll pkís pkís .... ......... .......... ......... ......... .......... ......... ......... ........ ... 3 ;
Pabiki Pab iki y phu phurkh rkhbiki biki f`a f`almâ lmâabo abokk i` hk hk olaiuo olaiuotk tk ..... .......... .......... ......... .... 3 0
Nbnh Nb nhbl bldr drkf kfík ík ............... .............................. ............................. ............................. ............................. .............. 2 ?
^upturk ola hk psbolhldík i` hk olaob`aobk
y ola `h mâtlil i` hk batrlsp`oobÿa
Okik ob`aobk l okik `aflqu` t`ÿrbol i`atrl i` hks
ob`aobks olastruy` su lne`tl t`ÿrbol prldr`skail plr orbsbs, rupturks y síat`sbs i` p`askmb`atls kat`rblr`s. ^`sp`otl i` hk psbolhldík, âstk s` fu` olastbtuy`ail k pkrtbr i` kat`rblr`s `aflqu`s fbhlsÿfbols, k hk v`z qu` bat`atÿ ckhhkr su `sp`obfbobiki `mkaobpëails` k su
v`z i`h okmpl i` hk a`urlfbsblhldík. Ckobk fba`s i`h sbdhl SBS `s` ou`rpl t`ÿrbol s` ckhhknk knlokil kh `stuibl i` hls f`aÿm`als i` olaob`aobk `a oukatl k su lne`tl, bmph`m`atkail hk batrlsp`oobÿa `a hl qu` s` r`fb`r` k mâtlil. @h muail mkt`rbkh `rk
olao`nbil olml uak lrdkabzkobÿa i` pkrtíouhks, plr hl qu` hk ob`aobk kilptÿ `h mli`hl `h`m`atkhbstk y kslobkoblabstk, l s`k nusokilrk i` `h`m`atls nësbols y sus h`y`s i` kslobkobÿa. Ylik ob`aobk, sbdub`ail `st`
mli`hl, `vbi`at`m`at` nkskil `a hls or`ob`at`s `stuibls
Elsâ Yöpf Elsâ
i` hk físbok y i` i` hk químbok, a`o`sbtknk ‟olml uak p`tbp`tbobÿa i` prbaobpbls‟ ckhhkr hls `h`m`atls õhtbmls `a su `sf`rk i` olalobmb`atl y `h mlil olml âstls s` bat`rr`hkoblaka. ksí s` plribl ua`ahkrdl y fruotíf`rl rílilHki`psbolhldík `stuibl i`pksÿ hl qu` hhkmkr h`aduke`, p`hks
fuaobla`s psbolhÿdboks ‟s`askobla`s, p`ro`pobÿa, m`mlrbk, p`askmb`atl, vlhuatki‟, `a hk suplsbobÿa i` qu` âstls `rka hls `h`m`atls nësbols i`h olmplrtkmb`atl, y i` qu` `stls `h`m`atls nësbols õhtbmls, kslobkils, ik-
ríka ou`atk koknkik i`h mlil i` s`r i` hks p`rslaks. Olao`pobla`s plst`rblr`s als p`rmbt`a `at`ai`r qu` hk olaiuotk `s uak uabiki `a sí, prliuotl i` uak p`rslak õabok ` brr`p`tbnh`. _b nb`a i` `sls olmplrtkmb`atls sbaduhkr`s pli`mls, plr ua prlo`sl i` knstrkoobÿa y i`
d`a`rkhbzkobÿa, `aolatrkr mlils olastkat`s i` olaiuotk pkrk tliks hks p`rslaks `a i`t`rmbakils drupls sloblouhturkh`s. @atlao`s,r`olrtkr sÿhl plr i` ua prlo`sl bat`h`otukh pli`mls i`m`ibl `sks olastkat`s i`h olmplrtkmb`atl hls ksp`otls qu` cko`a, plr `e`mphl,
kh r`olalobmb`atl i`h muail y i` sí mbsml y hhkmkr k `hhl W`ro`pobÿa: l r`olrtkr hls ksp`otls qu` cko`a k hk r`slhuobÿa i` prlnh`mks y hhkmkr k `hhl Bat`hbd`aobk, l r`olrtkr hls ksp`otls qu` cko`a kh r`ou`ril i` c`ocls suo`ibils y hhkmkrhl M`mlrbk. @stk bi`k i` qu` hk uab-
iki i` kaëhbsbs prbm`rk `s `h olaeuatl, y qu` i` âh s` i`sdhlska hls `h`m`atls i`h sbst`mk `s, olml ibebmls, uak olao`pobÿa plst`rblr, qu` al surd` olml plirík supla`rs` i` hks ob`aobks slobkh`s, sbal pr`obskm`at` i`
hks ob`aobks akturkh`s. @h skn`r ob`atífbol al `s skn`r i`fbabtbvl, sbal skn`r prlvbsblakhm`at` v`riki`rl. Ykmplol hks ob`aobks sla prliuotl i` ua p`askilr lrbdbakh y õabol, sbal qu` `s ;7
Hk olaiuotk cumkak
ua skn`r olh`otbvl qu` s` vk d`stkail ckstk qu` khduaks m`at`s hõobiks hl flrmuhka i` ua mlil `xphíobtl. Ksb-
mbsml, `h skn`r al s` ckhhk ibsp`rsl y olmpkrtbm`atkil, sbal qu` hls ckhhkzdls `a ua ër`k d`a`rka trkasflrmkobla`s qu` fbakhm`at` mlibfboka `h mlil i` p`askr `a ltrks ër`ks. Al `s i` `xtrkûkr `atlao`s qu` uak trkibobÿa rk-
oblakhbstk olml `s hk i` Loobi`at`, `a hk qu` `h p`askmb`atl drb`dl s` prlhladk `a `h olao`ptl i` khmk i`h orbstbkabsml, i`s`mnlqu` fbakhm`at` `a fbhlslfíks y psbolhldíks qu` cko`a i` hk m`at` y i` hk olaob`aobk su o`atrl i` bat`râs. Baohusl `h psbolkaëhbsbs, o`atrkil `a
`h `stuibl i` hls f`aÿm`als baolasob`at`s, fu` `a su lrbd`a tkr`k i` uak m`at` rkoblakhbstk ua prly`otly rkoblakhbstk5 hk suplsbobÿa i` qu` yhki`baikdkobÿa `xphbobtkobÿa i` hls f`aÿm`als baolasob`at`s olav`rtbrík k âstls `a olasob`at`s, y qu` ksí pliríka s`r r`oup`-
rkils pkrk `h olatrlh rkoblakh i` hls kotls. @a hk mbsmk âplok surdb`rla `a @urlpk `h Wsbolkaëhbsbs y `a hls @stkils Pabils hk Wsbolhldík Olaiuotbstk. @stk õhtbmk s` prlpla` olastrubr uak psbolhldík olml ob`aobk akturkh. @s i`obr, uak ob`aobk al nkskik `a `sp`-
ouhkobla`s t`ÿrboks l `a hk batrlsp`oobÿa sbal `a hk lns`rvkobÿa i` hls c`ocls. _b nb`a cly skn`mls qu` `a abadõa oksl pu`i` ckn`r lns`rvkobÿa lne`tbvk, pu`stl qu` hk pkrtbobpkobÿa i` hk sune`tbvbiki i`h lns`rvkilr s` ckhhk sb`m-
pr` pr`s`at`, `a kqu`h `atlao`s uak psbolhldík nkskik `a hk lns`rvkobÿa i` uabiki`s olaiuotk `xt`ral pr`suatkm`at` m`ibnh`s, v`rbfboknh`s plr uai`lns`rvkilr y okpko`s i` s`r r`p`tbiks `xp`rbm`atkhm`at` pkr`oík s`r `h i`sbi`rëtum i` hl qu` i`ník s`r uak psbolhldík ob`atífbok. Ksí ako` `h Olaiu Olaiuotbsml otbsml,, `sou`h `sou`hkk fuai fuaikik kik ‟olml
ibebmls‟ plr `h psboÿhldl `stkiluabi`as` Elca Tktsla, ;; Elsâ Elsâ Yöpf
hk qu` s` basorbn` ph`akm`at` `a hks hhkmkiks `sou`hks lne`tbvks i` Wsbolhldík, y ouyls plstuhkils y plst`rblr`s i`skrrlhhls v`r`mls `a `st` `sorbtl. ¼Wlr quâ c`mls m`aoblakil au`vkm`at` `h prl-
nh`mk i` oÿml `at`ai`r hk ob`aobk, y `h i` hk olastruoobÿa i` t`lríks k pkrtbr i` hk olafrlatkobÿa ola plstuhkils l pkrkibdmks kat`rblr`s< Wlrqu` `h olaiuotbsml wktslabkal, pr`obskm`at` k
trkvâs hl qu` s` hhkmÿ `h Mkabfb`stl Olaiuotbstk , s` plstuhki`olml plsbobÿa `s`aobkhm`at` ob`atífbok y lne`tbvk. Olavb`a` r`olrikr `atlao`s qu` `sk flrmuhkobÿa ck i` s`r `at`aibik `a `h olat`xtl i`h olao`ptl i` ob`aobk i` kqu`h `atlao`s y al `a `h kotukh. R al s` trktk i` qu` hk olmuabiki ob`atífbok olat`mplrëa`k s`k m`als rb-
durlsk, sbal qu`, kh pkr`o`r, s` `aou`atrk `a m`elr`s olaibobla`s i` lpbakr ko`rok i` hk v`riki`rk plsbnbhbiki i` olalo`r hk r`khbiki. ^`sp`otl i` hk olastbtuobÿa i`h pkrkibdmk
olaiuotbstk, ibebmls qu` hk psbolhldík kat`rblr s` o`atrknk `a hls prlnh`mks i` olaob`aobk, `a oukatl kh lne`tl, y `a hk batrlsp`oobÿa `a oukatl k mâtlil. @h olaiuotbsml uak plstuhkobÿa lpu`stk5 hkckpsbolhldík ck i` flrmuhk s`r ob`atífbok, y pkrk s`r ob`atífbok i` keustkrs` k hls orbt`rbls y mâtlils i` hks ob`aobks nblhÿ-
dboks y i` hks físbol-químboks. _u lne`tl, pkrk qu` s`k m`ibnh`, lns`rvknh` y v`rbfboknh` i`n` s`r ua lne`tl ke`al kh baflrm` batrlsp`otbvl i` hls sue`tls. Al pu`i` s`r ltrl, `atlao`s, qu` hk olaiuotk, y su mâtlil, `stë bm-
phíobtl `a hl qu` i`obmls, `s hk lns`rvkobÿa. Ibdkmls kat`s qu` `a au`strl m`ibl, `a `h qu` khduaks `sou`hks i` psbolkaëhbsbs cka t`abil drka i`skrrlhhl, ckstk hh`dkr k olastbtubrs` `a hl qu` s` ibl `a hhkmkr hk @sou`hk Krd`atbak i` Wsbolkaëhbsbs, plr hk
Hk olaiuotk cumkak
lrbdbakhbiki y okhbiki i` hls trknkels kquí punhbokils,
`xbst` `soksk trkibobÿa plr hls plstuhkils i`h olaiuotbsml, slnr` tlil `a hl qu` cko` k sus prbm`rks flrmuhkobla`s: `aksí. okmnbl, `a i` ltrls i` @urlpk al `s @h kud` uakpkís`s t`lríki``aKmârbok i`t`rmb-y akil m`ibl ouhturkh s` i`n` k uak sumk i` fkotlr`s qu`
cko`a k sus olaibobla`s slobl`olaÿmboks y ouhturkh`s, k hk biblsbaorksbk y kh p`askmb`atl i` ua pu`nhl, k khdõa c`ocl kzkrlsl, p`rl plr slnr` tlil k hk p`rm`knbhbiki qu` `sk olmuabiki tb`a` ckobk i`t`rmbakik olsmlvbsbÿa. @vbi`at`m`at`, hk trkibobÿa fbhlsÿfbok `stkiluabi`a-
s`, `h p`sl i`h Fuaoblakhbsml `a su psbolhldík y `h âafksbs i` plsbobla`s prkdmktbstks, `aokmbakiks kh hldrl i` r`suhtkils `fboko`s, sla khduals i` hls iktls qu` `xphboka `h drka i`skrrlhhl t`ÿrbol y hk ibvuhdkobÿa qu` khhí tuvl `stk
`sou`hk. _b nb`a `a ltrls olat`xtls ouhturkh`s `h Olaiuotbsml al tuvl ua krrkbdl s`m`ekat`, sus plstuhkils prbm`rls y hk bi`k i` olastrubr psbolhldík ik `a `h olao`ptl i` olaiuotk `a uak s`atbil kmphblo`atrk‟pkrk ouyk olmpr`asbÿa s` r`ourrb`s` k hls kplrt`s i`h psbolk-
aëhbsbs, hk psbolhldík i` hk D`stkht, hk psbolhldík oldabtbvk, hk psbolhldík slobkh y hk katrlplhldík‟ pkr`obÿ nrbaikr hk nks` pkrk hk olastruoobÿa i` ua ou`rpl t`ÿrbol bat`drkil. @h i`skrrlhhl i` `stk olao`pobÿa, qu` al `s `sp`oífbokm`at` olaiuotbstk, khr`i`ilr i` hls kûls s`s`atk, cbzl c bzl
qu` `h p`askmb`atl psbolhÿdbol `a Loobi`at` s` nksks` `a plstuhkils slst`abils plr `h Olaiuotbsml. @a au`strl m`ibl, k pkrtbr i` hks r`fh`xbla`s i` @arbqu` Wbocla ^bvbãr` y i` su drupl babobkh i` ibsoípuhls s` d`stÿ ua bat`atl i` olastrubr uak psbolhldík i` hk Olaiuotk i`
nks` psbolkakhítbok, sbdub`ail bi`ks i`h psbolkakhbstk frkaoâs Ikab`h Hkdkoc`, r`tlmkiks kquí ^bvbãr` tkmnbâay plr tlr Elsâ Nh`d`r, ibsoípuhl i` Wbocla ual`hi`ilohls ;?
Elsâ Yöpf Elsâ
prbm`rls mk`strls i` hks `atlao`s baobpb`at`s okrr`rks i` Wsbolhldík i` ^lskrbl y Nu`als Kbr`s. Fu`rla kûls sbdakils plr hk pr`loupkobÿa i` ckhhkr a`xls l puatls
i` `aou`atrl k pkrtbr i` plstuhkils lrbdbakils `a ibv`rsks olrrb`at`s i` p`askmb`atl. Wlst`rblrm`at` pkr`obÿ qu` `sk bat`drkobÿa pliík s`r `pbst`mlhÿdbokm`at` ibsoutbnh`, p`rl sbdu` vbd`a-
t` `h kac`hl i` uak olmpr`asbÿa muhtbibsobphbakrbk i`h clmnr` y hk plsbobÿa i` kp`rturk ckobk hks ibf`r`at`s flrmks i` p`askr hls c`ocls. K `sk kotbtui katbildmëtbok y or`ktbvk qu`r`mls clarkr kh i`ibokr `st` t`xtl k hk m`mlrbk i` ua `atrkûknh` kmbdl y olh`-
dk, `h Hbo. ^lilhfl Nlclshkvsjy, k qub`a bat`r`sknka `stls t`mks y qu` fu` ual i` hls prbm`rls prlf`slr`s psboÿhldls qu` tuvl au`strk Okrr`rk. I` uak i` sus ohks`s, i` ;263, trkasorbnl5 ‘Cky ua psboÿhldl qu` ak- ib` obtk sba kohkrkr qu` al `stë tltkhm`at` bi`atbfbokil
ola âh. [u` akib` obtk sba ua plol i` v`rdø`azk, p`rl k `st` psboÿhldl s` h` i`n` hl qu` hk psbolhldík olat`mplrëa`k `s. [ub`a`s obtka k Tktsla s` sb`at`a `a hk lnhbdkobÿa i` kohkrkr qu` al sla olaiuotbstks k hk mka`rk i` âst`. W`rl tkmnbâa `s ob`rtl qu` al cky psboÿhldl krd`atbal qu` al
s`k olaiuotbstk, `a flrmk `xphíobtk l al”. Hk kfbrmkobÿa prbm`rk sbdu` sb`ail vbd`at`. Hk kfbrmkobÿa fu` vëhbik pkrk `h mlm`atl qu` s` ibel, plrqu` `hõhtbmk p`askmb`atl psbolhÿdbol qu` h` `rk`aolat`mplrëolat`mplr ë-
a`l pkrtbobpknk i`h bat`atl i` olastrubr uak psbolhldík
psbolkakhítbok nkskik `a `h olao`ptl i` olaiuotk. Al Al pli`mls kfbrmkr tlikvík qu` ltrl `aflqu` t`ÿrbol s`k mës v`riki`rl l ckyk i`mlstrkil mkylr `fbokobk, p`rl sí `s vbsbnh` oÿml plstuhkils uaëabm`m`at` ko`ptkils plr uak olmuabiki prlf`sblakh `a plols kûls pb`ri`a vbd`aobk pkrk
drka pkrt` i` `hhk. ;9
Hk olaiuotk cumkak
@st` `s `h tbpl i` prlo`sls kh qu` als r`f`rbmls kh i`sorbnbr hks orbsbs, olafrlatkobla`s l au`vls puatls i` vbstk `a `h akobmb`atl l `h i`skrrlhhl i` hks ob`aobks `a d`a`rkh y i` hks `sou`hks psbolhÿdboks `a pkrtbouhkr, i`
khduaks i` hks oukh`s als loupkmls kquí. _la orbsbs i` kvkao`s y r`trlo`sls, ckstk qu` s` i`hba`k uak flrmk i` p`askr prlvbsblakhm`at` mës vëhbik, l mës kolri`pr`obskm`at` ola su mlm`atl cbstÿrbol: flrmkbi`k, i` p`askr qu` surd` plrqu` cunl ltrk `a su
mlm`atl ob`rtk y vkhlrkik, k hk oukh puil lpla`rs`. @a oukatl k hls au`vls `aflqu`s i`h Olaiuotbsml ‟i`spuâs i` su `vbi`at` orbsbs t`ÿrbok‟, cka olnrkail mkylr i`skrrlhhl, au`vkm`at` bat`drkils kh olao`ptl i` p`rslakhbiki, i` rkbdkmnr` psbolkakhítbok. @stl `s ksí tkm-
nbâa `a au`strl m`ibl, ilai` sus kphbokobla`s tâoaboks `mpb`zka k s`r kimbtbiks k v`o`s olml flrmks i` `h`oobÿa pkrk r`slhv`r khduals pki`obmb`atls qu` al r`mbt`a ola ltrks tâoaboks, l `a sbtukobla`s `a hks qu` urd` hk r`slhuobÿa i` síatlmks.
Hks t`rkpbks pkrk olatrkrr`stkr cënbtls y r`kpr`ai`r olmplrtkmb`atls ‟s`ka khbm`atkrbls, i` bad`stk i` kholclh, olmpuhsbÿa kh usl nkskrs` i` irldks, mlibfbokobÿa i` olaiuotks s`xukh`s‟ su`h`a ola fr`ou`aobk `a mâtlils qu` i`rbvka i` `st` `aflqu` t`ÿrbol.
@stks t`rkpbks `stëa o`atrkiks `a hk olrr`oobÿa i` olmplrtkmb`atls baki`oukils l p`raboblsls, l s`k `a hk olrr`oobÿa i` síatlmks. Pak olao`pobÿa prkdmëtbok, olml yk vbmls, qu` k v`o`s s` kplyk `a tâoaboks qu` ckstk pu`i`a pkr`o`rals pu`rbh`s, p`rl qu` su`h`a s`r
`fboko`s. Cky `a `hhks bmphíobtk uak suplsbobÿa, hk i` qu` hk supr`sbÿa i` ua síatlmk bmphbok l prlmu`v` a`o`skrbkm`at` ua okmnbl `struoturkh i`h psbqubsml. Kuaqu` ksí al fu`s`, olavb`a` al kpr`surkr uak lpbabÿa
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