System Architectures
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Summary
1) OSI Layers 2) System Network 3) PACiS SBUS network devices 4) Ethernet Frames
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1) Basic communication
1.1) OSI 7 Layers to Ethernet 1.2) Physical Layer 1.3) Ethernet Wiring 1.4) Link Layer Connection 1.5) Address
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1.1) OSI 7 Layers APPLICATION SOFTWARE
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that use Communication Stack
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APPLICATION
6 5 4
PRESENTATION
TRANSPORT
TCP ftp
3 2 1
NETWORK
IP, Switch C2, Router
IEC 61850-7 UCA2
SESSION IEEE 802.1 IEEE 802.2 IEEE 802.3(CSMA/CD)
LINK LAYER
Connection( Peer/to/Peer ), Hub C1, Bridge
PHYSICAL
Medium, speed, bit, repeater
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1.2) OSI1:Physical Layer Communication Between Nodes Simplex Unidirectional Emitter to Receiver Duplex Bi directional Emitter Receiver Half-Duplex One after the other Full-Duplex Independently one to the other
ETHERNET
Physical Bit Transmission Serial bit one after the other on the line Assynchron Synchron
Parallel Bits Stream Bauds =
Start/Stop bit bits are transmitted at Clock tick
Number of Emission / second
if Emission = 1 bit, then 5
ETHERNET
line for each bit
Bauds = Bit/s (ETHERNET)
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1.3) OSI1:Ethernet Wiring Ethernet Wiring Copper wires shielded 100BaseT, 56kb/s RJ45 telephone 100 Mb/s, RJ45, Impedance 100ohms, 200$/L 100m UTP Unshielded Twisted Pair UTP 5E STP Shielded Twisted Pair Optical 100BaseF Multimode BFOC ST®, 62.5/125µm, 2.5dB, 200$/L Monomode BFOC ST®, 9/125µm, 11.4dB, 300$/L New technologies 1000BaseT 1Gb/S Radio 2.4 or 5 GHz
2000m 15000m 1000m
2, 11, 54Mb/s
Speed Electric/optical signal 100BaseT(10Mbit/s)
Ethernet (HDLC) Packet 6
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230 000km/s 1bit = 0,01µs on the link 1 packet < 0,007ms packet (max 1518 bytes) bit stream (no bit control) packet control
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00 6
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1.4) OSI2:Link Layer Connection Communication Mode
(both ETHERNET)
Connected Unicast
Emitter and receiver connection + exchange bi-directional, point to point, peer to peer
Connectionless
Emitter send without connection and not know if Receiver present directional to domain (e.g. 255.255.255.0) directional to all
Multicast Broadcast
(mail box)
Connected mode : commutation (Emitter / Receiver) Packet Message cut into numbered packets, packets transmission stored/emitted by nodes, Receiver classify packets (IP)
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1.5) OSI3:IP Address Area Network MAC LAN MAN WAN
Medium Access Control Local Area Network Metropolitan Area Network Wide Area Network
Ethernet port several Nodes IP class A,B,C several LAN several MAN
Address Mac @ IP 4 @ 0xxx 10xx 110x
Ethernet Tranceiver (Manufacturer) 32 bits, 4 bytes (255.255.255.255) Class A 10. 0.0.0 Class B 172. 16.0.0 Class C 192.168.0.0
to to to
10.255.255.255 172. 31.255.255 192.168.255.255
Network 4 set but world wide DNS Domain Name System(
[email protected])
BUSINESS APPLICATION
(See default list)
Before , it is MANDATORY to make a MAP of Ethernet network 1)Topology (no loop with switch), rank location on net 2) IP address (Mac @) 3) Alias 8
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2) Recall : What is a system?
2) Recall : What is a System ? 2.1) Automation Evolution 2.2) System Definition 2.3) Main System Functions
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2.1) System Definition System is
a set of devices with specific functions that interact one to/with other with common rules
I/Os
C264C I/Os
System is
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SBUS TBUS
CONFIGURATION & COMMUNICATION Station BUS (system federal network UCA2...) Tele control BUS (Remote Control Point or SCADA)
LBUS
Legacy BUS (Field BUS to IED)
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2.2) Station BUS : Ethernet Topology Daisy chain switch
switch
Star
H35
switch
C264
C264
switch
C264
switch
switch
switch
C264
C264
C264
C264
C264
C264
switch
Tree C264
Ring
C264
H35 H35
C264 H35
C264 C264
Ring not Possible with standard Ethernet (routers) 11
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3) PACiS Station BUS
3) PACiS Station BUS 3.1) Station BUS : Network Devices 3.2) Ring Redundancy Principle 3.3) Dual Hamming Principle
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3.1) Station BUS : Network devices Ethernet Switch: Actual Range
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Reference
Description
SWU200 SWU201 SWU202 SWU203 SWU204 SWR202 SWR204 SWD202 SWD204 MICOM H 140 MICOM H 340 MICOM H 341 MICOM H 342 MICOM H 343 MICOM H 344 MICOM H 352 MICOM H 354 MICOM H 362 MICOM H 364 MICOM H 60
Switch “simple” copper Switch “simple” (multi mode) Switch “simple” (multi mode) Switch “simple” (mono mode) Switch “simple” (mono mode) Switch “Redundant” (multi mode) Switch “Redundant” (mono mode) Switch “Dual Humming” (multi) Switch “Dual Humming” (mono) Switch “simple” Copper Switch “simple” Copper Switch “simple” (multi mode) Switch “simple” (multi mode) Switch “simple” (mono mode) Switch “simple” (mono mode) Switch “Redundant” (multi mode) Switch “Redundant” (mono mode) Switch “Dual Humming” (multi) Switch “Dual Humming” (mono) Optical Star with 1 to 4 of following board V2 (double switch) V3
Ethernet Tx Fx 4 0 4 1 4 2 4 1 4 2 4 2 4 2 4 2 4 2 6 0 6 0 6 1 6 2 6 1 6 2 6 2 6 2 6 2 6 2
2*4 2
Device Cx6x board Cx6x board Cx6x board Cx6x board Cx6x board Cx6x board Cx6x board Cx6x board Cx6x board PCI board DIN Rack DIN Rack DIN Rack DIN Rack DIN Rack DIN Rack DIN Rack DIN Rack DIN Rack 19’ Rack
2*1 6
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3.2) Ring Redundancy Principle Mesh Forbidden MiCOM H15x, H35x, SWR : “Special” Switch EP
RP
Main or Primary Loop Oriented
H35x EP
RS
Secondary Loop Oriented
ES
RS
Ethernet Cut
H35x ES RS ES
RP EP
N Ethernet Devices
H35x
RP
LOOP OPEN INSIDE SWITCH
Self Healing
PROPRIATARY Solution No mix with other Ethernet ...
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3.3) Hamming Redundancy Principle Mesh Forbidden MiCOM SWD : “Special” Switch Primary Link Secondary Link
Both emitted together standard Optical Ethernet At reception eliminate redundant Frames
N Ethernet Devices
SWD
Filter
EP
RP
RP ES
EP RS
RS
ES
SWD
N Ethernet Devices
Filter
PROPRIATARY Solution No mix with other Ethernet ... 15
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4) Network Protocol
4.1) IP Frame 4.2) TCP Frame 4.3) UDP Frame 4.4)VLAN
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4.1) IP4 Frame IP4 : Address 32 bits IP6 : Address 168 bits
Ver
IHL
Service
Total Length (64Ko)
Identification IP HEADER
TTL(Nb router)
E
Protocol
Offset Checksum
Address Source Address Destination
Options
DATA
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4.2) IP/TCP Frame 1) Connection 2) Transmission 3) End connection
Port : Source Destination In one machine, several user/applications Port : Source (appli.)
Port : Destination
Sequence Number Acknowledge
IP HEADER
TCP Header
Flag
Win.
Check Sum.
URG Data
Options DATA
Transport Control Protocol Connected mode Security / Reliability •Error control •ordered sequence number •Repeat)
High Data stream/flow 18
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4.3) IP/UDP Frame 1) Transmission 3) Reception
Port : Source Destination In one machine, several user/applications Port : Source (appli.)
Port : Destination
Lenght
Check Sum.
IP HEADER
TCP Header
DATA
User Datagram Protocol Non Connected mode Error Check (not control) No protocol warranty => application control Small packet Fast transmission
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4.4) VLAN (IEEE 802.1D,p,Q) Virtual Local Area Network Limited diffusion Privacy channel (tunnelling, security) Priority => Mechanisms
1) filter 2) priority Traffic filtering/optimisation Evolution
Ethernet Port Based MAC layer Group Network Layer Group IP Layer Group Protocol Based Application Port Based
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(router) (Goose, switch) (PC IP mask) (priority in switch)
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Key Concepts System is
Communication Configuration
Ethernet OSI layers 1-3 100Mb/s full duplex copper (Tx) Optic multi/monomode (Fl) Distance between switches 100m, 2000m, 15000m (computation optical budget) Ring Forbidden on standard Ethernet PACiS Switches Standard H14x, SWU, H34x Redundant ring xxx, SWR, H35x Dual Hamming xxx, SWD, H36x
Ethernet Architectures Star - Tree Ring
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Copper Optical
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