KOC S 001 Revision 3

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A Subsidiary of Kuwall Pelrcleum CorpOf'lltion

STANDARDS PUBLICATION

STANDARD GUIDELINE

FOR

SAFE ROADS, ROAD CLOSURE AND

INSTALLATION OF DISPLAY BOARDS I

SIGNS ON KOC ROADS

DOC NO: KOC-S-001

STANDARDS TEAM

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~~I~.:A...S"":".J.-! o\s..N~of~P1Iro1NnC~

STANDARDS PUBLICATION

STANDARD GUIDELINE

FOR

SAFE ROADS, ROAD CLOSURE AND

INSTALLATION OF DISPLAY BOARDS /

SIGNS ON KOC ROADS

DOC NO: KOC-S-OOI

STANDARDS TEAM

REV. 3

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DOC. NO. KOC-S-001

STANDARD GUIDELINE

FOR

SAFE ROADS, ROAD CLOSURE AND

INSTALLATION OF DISPLAY BOARDS /

SIGNS ON KOC ROADS

DOC NO: KOC-S-OOI

ISSUING AUTHORITY:

STANDARDS TEAM

3

09.10.11

Rev.

Date

Revised & reissued as KOC Standard Guideline

Task Force (TF- SI01 Prepared by

Description

Tel. No. 61407

~ ~ SOl'. Engr. Standards Tel. 61407

,:

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FOREWORD

5

1.0

7

2.0

INTRODUCTION OPE

7

3.0

TERMINOLOGY AND DEFINITIONS

7

4.0

STANDARDS Government Regulations Other Standards

9

9

4.2

5.0

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6.0

9

BASIC REQUIREMENTS 5.1 Speed Limitations 5.2 Sight Distance 5.3 Signs & Road Markings Lane Width Road Shoulders 5.6 (Horizontal Alignment) 5.7 Super-Elevation 5.8 Vertical Alignment 5.9 Road Road 5.11 Visibility 5.12 Obstructions on Shoulders 5.13 Acceleration De-acceleration Lanes 5.14 U-Turns 5.15 Roundabouts Intersections 5.17 Access Roads 5.18 Turning Radius 5.19 Speed Breakers 5.20 & Road Cutting

1 Detours

17

GUIDELINE FOR ROAD CLOSURE General Procedure

18-19

18

6.1

10

10

10

12

12

12

14

14

15

15

15

16

16

17

17

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7.0

8.0

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Appendix - 9 :

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GUIDELINE FOR INSTALLAnON OF DISPLAY BOARDS AND SIGNS ON KOC ROADS 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Authority and jurisdiction 7.3 Requirements of Signs 7.4 . Functional Groups of Signs 7.5 Standardization of Application 7.6 Standardization of Design 7.7 Standardization of Placement 7.8 Sign Posts and Bases 7.9 Overhead Signs 7.10 Maintenance APPENDICES Appendix - 1 : Appendix - 2 : Appendix - 3 : Appendix - 4 : Appendix - 5 : Appendix - 6 : Appendix - 7 : Appendix - 8 :

1

II

Horizontal Alignment Features Vertical Alignment Features Grades Super-Elevation & Widening Design Values for Pavement Widening on Curves Sight Triangles in Intersections Minimum Turning Radius Guide for Advance Placement of Signs (Distances vs. Speed) Format and Flowchart for Request for Installation of Road Signs

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

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20-27 20 20 20 21 22 22 24 26 26 27 28-37 28

29 30 31 32 33 34

35

36-37

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FOREWORD This revised KOC document "Standard Guideline for Safe Roads, Road Closure and Installation of Display Boards / Signs" (KOC-S-OO 1 Rev.3) is intended to cover several practical aspects to be provided on the KOC roads including guidelines for road closure during road crossing works in order to ensure more road safety and minimize serious vehicle incidents caused during driving within KOC network of roads.

I 3 I It is now updated also to incorporate the procedure for installing display boards / traffic signs on all KOC roads within its jurisdiction to ensure adequate traffic control and road safety for its people and the Contractors' workmen. Rev. 3 of this Standard Guideline has been approved by Standards Team in consultation with the Standards Technical Committee (STC), which shall be implemented consistently for use throughout KOC for the corporate engineering and maintenance of safe roads leading to Plants and Facilities of Kuwait Oil Company (K.S.C). This Standard Guideline sets out to achieve the following objectives: ­ a. To establish the minimum requirements of road engineering pertaining to road safety as a part of continu ing corporate efforts for improvement of new and existing roads within KOC network. b. To develop as a standard guide the basic features of safer roads, comprising a set of technical parameters / aspects to be considered and established on the KOC roads to reduce driver's discomfort as well as potential accidents; and to aid defensive driving practice. I2 I

c. To provide guideline(s) for basic precautions to be taken during road crossing works by road closure as well as by using appropriate system of signs and notifications etc. with a view to ensure road safety.

I3 I

d. To ensure the drivers ' compliance and co-operation on roads by installing the appropriate display boards and traffic signs (as per Kuwait Manual on Traffic Control Devices) and as approved by KOC Utilities Team. Feedback as well as any comments or suggestions from the appl ication of this "Standard Guideline" derived at any stage of engineering, maintenance, daily use and from the basic philosophy are encouraged and should be directed to: The Team Leader Standards

(Chairman, Standards Technical Committee)

P.O. Box -9758, Ahmadi - 61008

State of Kuwait

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Task Force Responsible for this Guideline The preparation of this Standard Guideline has been entrusted by the Standards Technical Committee (STC) to the Task Force No. (TF-S/O 1) comprising of the following members:

Mr. Faisal Khorsheed Mr. Faisal Mirza Mr. S. Kumar

Mrs. Sana AI-Talha Mr. Butti AI-Butti Mr. Salah AI-Baloushi Mr. Hashim AI-Sayed

Mr. Ameer. AI-Ghatem

Utilities Team Standards Team Standards Team Design Team Safety Team Safety Team Utilities Team Utilities Team

Task Force Leader Coordinator/ Member Member Member Member Member (Alternate) Member Member

Tel. Tel. Tel. Tel. Tel. Tel. Tel. Tel.

No. No. No. No. No. No. No. No.

67329 61151 61407 61352 66295 66926 71454 67272

List of Amendments in Rev. 12 1

Date

SI. No.

27.08.07

Clause Nos.

2

Foreword Clause 6.0 amended

3

Clause 6.1 .1 amended

Changes

Remarks

Amended as marked Added Standard Guidelines for Road Closure Added SI. No. n.

List of Revisions/Amendments in Rev. 13 I Date

SI.

Clause Nos.

Changes

Foreword Clauses 1.0 & 2.0 - Introduction & Scope Clause 4.2 - Other Standards Clause 7.0 - Guideline for Installation of Display Boards and Signs on KOC Roads Appendix - 8: Guide for Advance Placement of Signs (Dist. Vs. Speed) Appendix - 9: Format and Flowchart for Request for Installation of Road Signs

Amended as marked Amended as marked Added as marked Added new

No.

26.09.11

1

2 3 4 5

6

Added new Added new

Remarks

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INTRODUCTION Incidents keep happening frequently on the roads leading to minor or major vehicle accidents, due to faulty road engineering and human errors during driving, when people move to the various KOC Plants and Facilities within Kuwait.

12!

This Standard Guideline has been prepared including road closure during road crossing works for strict application to the KOC network of roads (new / existing) during design and maintenance, by installing or modifying where appropriate, the requirements for surface facilities as established herein.

131

This updated Guideline is aimed to establish also unifonnly the standardized traffic signs on KOC network of roads (new/existing) as per Kuwait Traffic Manual with a view to improving the driver's safety behaviour and compliance. Standard signs shall be used wherever practical; and any special sign to be used only, wherever needed to resolve a particular situation.

2.0

SCOPE

2.1

This Standard Guideline describes the basic requirements for safe roads with a view to minimize the potential incidents / accidents and improve human response during driving on the KOC network of new and existing roads.

2.2

However, the specific requirements for safety on any roads (new / existing) shall be looked into during the road survey and detailed design layout from the technical and user points.

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2.3

For road crossing works, the guideline(s) recommended in this KOC Standard shall be applicable to all roads in the KOC Assets Areas; however any other additional precautions necessary inside the facilities shall be determined by the Asset Supervisor considering the actual site conditions.

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2.4

For orderly movement of traffic, the guideline(s) recommended to install the appropriate display boards and traffic signs shall be applicable for all KOC roads in its jurisdiction.

3.0

TERMINOLOGY AAT]) DEFINITIONS The following terminology and definitions are used throughout this Standard Guideline: Alignment

The geometric form of the centreline (or other reference line) of a carriageway in both the horizontal and vertical directions.

Auxiliary Lane

A portion of the carriageway adjoining the through traffic lanes, used for purposes supplementary to the through traffic movement.

Broken Back Curves Horizontal curves in the same direction joined by a straight line.

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Carriageway

That portion of a road devoted particularly to the use of vehicles, inclusive of the shoulders and auxiliary lanes.

Horizontal Curve

A curve in the plan or horizontal alignment of a carriageway.

Intersection

Places at which two or more roads cross at grade or with grade separation.

Local Roads

Roads providing access · to land use activities; and Generally link to secondary roads, which in tum give access to primary roads within the network. --,

Pavement

That portion of a road designed for the support of, and to form the running surface for, vehicular traffic.

Primary Roads

Main vehicular access roads connecting the KOC Facility with the Main Facility access road or to the main highway; and generally subject to medium volume of traffic movement at specified speed. (Refer Note below

-.

for traffic volume)

Roundabout

An intersection where all traffic travels in one direction around a central island.

Safe Passing Sight Distance

The sight distance required for a driver to initiate and safely complete a passing or overtaking manoeuvre of another vehicle.

Secondary Roads

Roads having regular vehicles fur operation or maintenance purposes and generally subject to low volume of traffic, as collecting from local roads to primary roads and vice versa. (Refer Note below for traffic volume)

Services

All services adjacent to road sides to be underground for safety, including pipelines, telephone lines, cables and sewers.

Shoulder

The portion of formed carriageway that is adjacent to the traffic lane and fl ush with the surface of the pavement.

Stopping Sight Distance

The sight distance required for an average driver, traveling at a given speed to perceive an object on the road and then to react and stop safely before striking it.

Super-elevation

A slope on a curved pavement selected so as to enhance forces assisting a vehicle to maintain a circular path.

Note: As per AASHTO Guide, the traffic volume on the applications of a specific range of 18 kip ESAL (equivalent single axle loads) per day over its design life shall be classified as below:

•

High: 100 to 140 /day

Medium: 50 to 80 /day

Low: 7 to 40 /day

3

90f38

· KOC-S-001 Traffic Lane

A portion the paved carriageway marked out by painted line or in one constant direction. which carries a single line of

Traffic Signs

provided on the roads to regulate to clause 7.0 for details.

Transition Curve

A curve

varying radius used to steering

Verge

of the

and warn or guide drivers

path of a vehicle as the to a horizontal curve of a

by

not

carriageway or

Vertical Alignment Longitudinal gradients connected vertical curves to ensure and safe travel at a continuous uniform Vertical Curve

A curve (generally parabolic) in the profile of a to provide for a change grade at a specified vertical acceleration.

4.0

the

4.1

regulations and

co ....,,,"'''",

shall apply.

Kuwait Government Regulations State Roads

Ministry of Public Works

Municipality - Design Manual

Kuwait Ministry of Public Works Kuwait Motorway I Expressway System

- General

Kuwait Traffic Signs Manuals (Vol. 1 &

4.2

A Policy on Guide

131

2009 Part 1

Manual on KOC

Part 2 and

Design of Highways and

Structures

Devices for Materials and Part 1: Flexible

Paving

Materials and Workmanship -Roadways, Paving Part 2: MisceIlaneous Pavement

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KOC-G-012

KOC Standard for Plant Equipment Identification, Nameplates and Pipeline Markers

KOC.SA.004

Permit to Work Procedure

BASIC REQUIREMENTS Due regard should be given to the several aspects on the new or existing KOC roads leading to various KOC Plants and Facilities during driving with a view to ensure road safety and improve human response as follows:

5.1

Speed Limitations a. All road speed limits must be approved by Ministry of Interior Traffic Dept. prior to construction. b. Any speed limit on existing roads should not be amended for change without referring to Traffic Department.

c. Refer to road design manual for speed limitations on curves aid near intersections. d. Speed limit in detours should not exceed 25 km / hour. e. Refer to AASHTO for detailed design and speed limits in various residential/industrial / parking areas.

5.2

Sight Distance

5.2.1

A road user must have sufficient forward visibility prior to undertake a maneuver. Three situations in which forward visibility is particularly important should be considered: a. Stopping prior to reaching a stationary obstruction. b. Overtaking on an undivided road. c.

Making a decision where a choice of action presents itself.

The corresponding distances for these three situations are:

• Stopping Sight Distances. (SSD) • Safe Passing Sight Distances. (SPSD) • Decision Sight Distances. (DSD) Recommended values of SSD, SPSD, DSD for use in Kuwait sha1l1 also be followed in KOC as per the Tables I to III below, which are in compliance with Chapter 4 of "Kuwait Design Manual for Roads & Bridges" referred in clause 4.1 of this Guideline.

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Table I: Stopping Sight Distance for Design (SSD) Design Speed (km/hr) 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Level 35 50 65 85 105 130 160 185

Stopping Sight Distance (SSD) (m) 4 % Downgrade 2 % Downgrade 35 35 50 50 70 65 85 90 115 110 140 135 160 170 200 190

6% Downgrade 35 50 70 95 120 145 175 210

Table II : Safe Passing Sight Distance for Design (SPSD) Safe Passing Sight Distance (SPSD)

Design Speed (km/hr) 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Jml 200 270 345 410 485 540 615 670

Table III : Decision Sight Distance for Design (DSD) Design Speed (km/hr) 50 60 70 80 90 100

Decision Sight Distance (DSD)

1ml To stop Control Rural Urban 70 155 95 795 115 235 140 280 325 170 200 370

All Other situations Rural Urban 145 195 170 235 200 275 230 315 270 360 315 400

5.2.2 Care should be taken to ensure that no substantial objects obstruct the sightlines, including traffic signs, barriers and bridge parapets. In order to meet the required sight distance, road side objects on the inside of a horizontal curve shall set back further from the edge of the travelled way than would be normal on straight section of road.

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Signs & Road Markings a. Sign face material should be of either "High Intensity" or "Diamond Grade" depending on speed limits and locations. b. For locations and sizes of signs, refer to Kuwait Traffic Sign Manual. c. Sign height should not be less than 2.20 m high, when fixed in areas where pedestrians are expected. d. Eye / object height of sign should be 1.20 m to 2.0 m . e. Sign location shall be put exactly as directed by the respective: KOC HSE Asset Team(s).

f. KOC information signs shall have a green border, and should be placed no nearer than 500 m from a warning sign. g. Avoid using Thermoplastic paint on centre line marking, instead use cold applied paint. h. Reflective markers to be used every 5.00 m on curves and blind corners.

5.4

Lane Width a. Minimum lane width should not be less than 3.30 m per lane. b. Minimum shoulder should not be less than 2.00 m wide hard shoulder with 1.0 m verge on both sides of road.

5.5

Road Shoulders a. Hard asphalted shoulders shall be laid on all newly constructed roads; and no more softer gatch shoulders shall be provided. b. Shoulders shall be on both sides of carriageway; and shall not be less than 2.00 m wide with 1.0 m verge. c. No services, vent pipes, trees, signs, or any obstructions on road shoulders. d. If the road is in a frequent sand storm area (sand dune movement), bund walls should be at least 50.00 m away from the road .

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Curve Design (Horizontal Alignment) General considerations that are important should be given in designing the road geometry of horizontal curves, when the road users shall be able to travel safely at a continuous uniform speed: a. It is preferable to use a curve of greater radius than the minimum value required. b. A compound circular curve which consists of two arcs joined end to end in one direction should be avoided. c. Reverse circular curves, which consist of two arcs curving in opposite directions, should include an intervening transition section of sufficient length to accommodate the reversal of super elevation between the circular curves. d. Broken back curves which consist of two curves in the same direction connected with a short tangent should not be used. e. Refer to sketch in Appendix -1 which summarizes the poor features of curves to be avoided, and good features of alignments to be provided wherever possible.

5.7

Super-Elevation a. Super-elevation should be introduced to help vehicles to negotiate circular path by reducing friction demand, and also to provide driver guidance into the curve. b. Urban roads with design speeds up to and including 60 km/hr shall not be super­ elevated. c. Urban roads with design speeds between 60 kmlhr and 80 km/hr and rural roads with design speeds up to 60 km/hr should be super-elevated, if super-elevation does not encourage speeding. d. Urban roads with design speeds in excess of 80 kmlhr and rural roads with design speeds in excess of 60 km/hr shall be super-elevated as per the Table IV below.

Table IV: Maximum Super-Elevation ROAD CLASS Local Secondary Primary Loops (within Interchanges)

MAXIM UM S UPER-ELEVATION (%) Rural Urban 4% 2% 6% 4% 8% 6% 8% 8%

e. In general, the maximum super-elevation should be governed by the speed of the slower vehicles, where the drivers find it both unexpected and difficult to have to exert a steering force against the direction of the curve.

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f. The roads in this curved part shall be widened to accommodate the vehicle tires as per the sketch and Table given in Appendix-4 & Appendix-5 of this Guideline. 5.8

Vertical Alignment a. Short lengths of steep grades and numerous breaks should be avoided. Instead, it is preferable to have grade line with gradual changes consistent with topographic features of the surrounding area in a manner that gives the feelings of a continuous line. b. Sudden, hidden and unexpected dips are undesirable and should be avoided, as they present hazards and unsafe situations. c. Two vertical curves in the same direction separated by a short section of a uniform grade should be generally avoided. d. Refer to sketch in Appendix -2, which summarize the features of vertical alignments to be avoided and where possible to be provided.

5.9

Road Gradients a. Road gradients should be provided to a maximum limit depending on road classes and over a critical grade length as per Tables V & VI below. b. In industrial areas, gradients should preferably be limited to 6%; and in residential areas where properties lie adjacent to the road, the desirable maximum gradient shall be not more than 3%. Refer to Appendix -3 for further details c. Gradients approaching at-grade intersections, signalized intersections or roundabouts should not exceed 2% (up or down) for a minimum of 15.0 m before the Stop or Give Way line . d. The minimum desirable longitudinal gradient for satisfactory drainage shall be 0.5%; and an absolute minimum of 0.3% may be used for local roads only. Table V: Maximum Gradient Road Class Primary Road Secondary Road Local Road

Maximum Gradient (%) 6% 6% 8%

Table VI : Critical Grade Lengths % Upgrade 2% 3% 4% 5% 6% 8%

Maximum Length of Gradient (m)

900 500 350 260 215 160

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Road Level a. In areas where after rain, surface water is known to stand above ground level, or where the ground water table is immediately below the surface, the profile will be designed so that the lowest part of the road surface level should be at least 0.50 ill higher than the surrounding ground levels I water level. b. If the water table is a permanent one, then this figure should be increased to 1.00

ill.

c. In areas where sand storms are frequent, road level should not be less than 0.75 m.

5.11

Visibility Roads should be clearly visible during driving, and there should be no restrictions to visibility caused by safety barriers, median kerbs, bridge piers etc. especially at locations with both horizontal and vertical curvature.

5.12

Obstructions on Shoulders a. Vents I breather pipes, trees, signs etc, should be at least 2.00 shoulder area.

ill

away from road

b. All obstructions (except for trees) must have a reflective marker/sticker on side facing traffic.

5.13

Acceleration & De-acceleration Lanes a. Provide lay-by parking areas on long I narrow roads every 5.0 kIn. b. Provide acceleration lanes for U-turns, intersections (in and out) and Parking areas. c. Lay-by(s) should be marked as per Kuwait Traffic Manual.

5.14

U-Turns a. U-Turns can be particularly hazardous, especially on high speed roads having high volume of traffic. b. The provision of a U-Turn facility must be carefully considered against the potential for accidents before deciding whether to incorporate a U-Turn in the design. c. U-Turns should only be approved on Primary roads with prior consultation with Asset HSE Team / Roads Section -Utilities Team, and should be avoided and replaced by roundabouts ifnecessary. d. Where left turns, U-Turns and crossings are allowed on divided roads, the median strip should be widened to a minimum width of 6.0 ill for passenger traffic.

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Roundabouts a. The roundabout should be designed to limit the through speeds by means of adequate deflection angles and entry path curvature. b. Central island should not be less than 12 m diameter; and mini roundabouts less than 12 m should be avoided.

5.16

Intersections a. Avoid design of 90 degree intersections of secondary roads with main primary roads. b. Check sight distance and obstructions in intersection area. c. The drivers of emerging vehicles should have clear visibility on the approach triangle, and the full width of the intersection at the reference line i.e. the nearer edge of the traveled way of the main alignment shall be clearly visible from a point 15 m before that line. d. The distance 'Y' along the reference line and the distance 'X' back into the minor road are both variable, depending on the circumstances given below in Tables VII & VIII. For further details, refer to sight triangles in the sketch in Appendix -6 for visibility on the intersection area.

Table VII: Distances 'X' for Crossing Sight Triangle Circumstances

'X' Distance (m)

Normal Provision Minimum Provision

15

In rural areas In urban areas Generally In developed urban locations

10

5 2.5

Table VIII: Distances 'Y' for Crossing Sight Triangle Design Speed of Major Road (km/hr)

Distance 'Y' (m)

30

70

40

90

50 60 80 100

115 135 180 225

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Access Roads a. Separate asphalted roads should be constructed (minimum of one lane) for Manifolds and Sub-Stations. b. Soft shoulders should be constructed at least 2.50 m. wide on both sides of access roads. c. Speed limit should not exceed 45 km / hour.

5.18

Turning Radius Minimum turning radius for 15 m long semi-trailer truck shall be not less than 15.0 per Appendix -7 of this Guideline.

5.19

In

as

Speed Breakers a. Speed breakers can ' t be constructed, and curbs can't be painted as Yellow/B lack or WhitelBlack without Ministry of Interior's Traffic Dept. approval. b. Use of Rumble Strips (Multi layers of Thermoplastic Paint) can be used to replace speed breakers if necessary.

5.20

Trenches & Road Cutting a. Road cutting should be minimized and the use of micro tunneling / thrust boring should be encouraged for laying services under road carriageways. Services should be sleeved or encased always with concrete. b. Detours must be constructed and approved prior to road cutting, unless there are no obstructions of other services / buildings; and then closing half of carriage way is recommended. c. Detours should be well compacted, long radius suitable for long trailer, and should be provided with physical barrier / divider between up and down lanes with night flashers, high visible reflective tabs, signs etc.

5.21

Detours a. All detours must be approved by the respective KOC Asset HSE Team(s) prior to operating these detours. b. Detours should be as per Kuwait Traffic Manual. c. Detours should be maintained regularly during road closing using all necessary warning signs, and speed limit should not exceed 25 kIn / hour.

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GUIDELINE FOR ROAD CLOSURE This Guideline(s) is applicable to all roads in the KOC Assets during road crossing works other than those inside the plants, for which the appropriate precautions shall be detennined by the Asset Supervisor bearing in mind the site conditions.

6.1

General Procedure For closing any road in the KOC Facilities, the general procedure shall be followed as below:

6.1.1 In case a road cutting is required to be carried out, excavation notification shall be prepared by the Controlling Team exclusively for the road cutting activity and the following preparations shall be carried out before approaching the concerned Teams for approval: a. A sketch for the proposed detour shall be prepared in line with guidelines described by Kuwait Traffic Manual and KOC Standard on "Standard Guideline for Safe Roads" (KOC-S-001). b. Proper signs such as Road Closure, Detour, Slow, Arrow etc. shall be provided. c. All the signs shall be reflective and shall be as per Kuwait Traffic Signs Guidelines. d. Flashers shall be provided at the location. e. Crash barriers shall be provided for the detour and shall be as per Kuwait Traffic Signs Guidelines. f. If there is no street lighting at the Site, a temporary arrangement shall be made by providing a Portable Generator at the Site. g. Road workers and workers on roadsides shall wear fluorescent orange colour coveraJI or jacket. Ifnight work is involved, reflective jackets shall be worn. h. Signal Men shall be posted at the location with Red Flags for alerting the traffic. I.

Heavy vehicles and equipment working on roads shall be equipped with revolving beacon lamps and reverse beepers .

J. Asphalt workers shall be protected from bum injury by wearing heat resistant high boots, long gloves, aprons and face shield. Asphalt shall not be overheated. Combustibles shall be removed from the area.

k. Safety of pedestrians and roadside facilities shall also be ensured by proving barricades, temporary walk ways and signs etc. 1. Heavy construction equipment should be of orange lyeUow colour.

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m. All precautions relevant to excavation such as site condition, waste management etc. shall be followed. I2 I

n. For temporary diversion of field roads wherever necessary, milling (asphalt) should be used to stabilize road surfaces in order to prevent muddy pools during rainy season or dust formation during normal seasons. 6.1.2 Approval for excavation notification shall be obtained from all concerned Teams as per relevant KOC Procedures described in KOC-SA-004. 6.1.3 Closing of main roads shall be undertaken in off peak hours or weekends where practical and duration of road closure shall be as minimum as possible. 6.1.4 After the above preparations, the Controlling Team shall issue a written request for the Road Closure to the Asset HSE Team at least seven (7) days in advance along with the sketch, proposed detour, duration of closure and the need for road closure. 6.1.5 The Asset HSE Team after verifying the request and site conditions shall issue a Road Closure circular in the standard format at least three (3) days prior to the commencement of the job. 6.1.6 Copy of the Road Closure circular shall be marked to all the following Teams I locations as below: a. All Asset Team Leaders b. Team Leader Fire and Team Leader Security c. Team Leader Transport IAsset Clinic d. V&OIPD e. All Asset Control Rooms including Fire Control Room . 6.1. 7 Copy to additional Teams ILocations may be issued as required . 6.1.8 Announcement shall be posted in KOC Intranet by Postmaster. 6.1. 9 Final clearance shall be obtained on the approved road closure circular from the Asset Safety Officer before obtaining work permit to proceed with road closure. 6.1.1 0 Only after all the formalities are completed as above, shall the Controlling Team obtain the required work permit from the Asset Team (PO IWH 100) and commence the work.

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7.0

GllDELINE FOR INSTALLATION OF DISPLAY BOARDS AND SIGNS ON KOC ROADS

7.1

Introduction a. This Guideline is intended standardization of design and application of road signs to help recognition and familiarity of the drivers in order to ensure road safety and control by obtaining the drivers compliance and co-operation through easy understanding of appropriate road signs and similar display boards during driving, which are applicable to all roads in the KOC Assets. b. Traffic signs shall be properly used with sufficient attention and thought at appropriate places where needed to ensure the driver's COITect response to drive in a safe and orderly manner on roads. c. Generally, standard signs shall be used familiarity and ease of recognition. Any signing should be regarded as a temporary the solution is successful. Special signs shall will not adequately address the situation .

7.2

where practical for the driver's operational problem addressed by solution, until a field study proves be used only when a suitable sign

Authority and Jurisdiction The authorization for placement of signs and other display boards on all KOC roads shall be controlled as follows: a. Any KOC Team wishing to install sign/s or display board/s on KOC Road/s shall develop the design in line with this Guideline and forward the details including the design, quantity, location etc. along with the filled "Request Form" to Utilities Team for approval as per Appendix 9 of this Guideline. b. Utilities Team shall forward the "Request Form" to Asset Owner and respective Area HSE Team for comments. A Site visit will be conducted by the concerned Teams ifrequired. c. Based upon the feedback from all concerned Teams, the exact location of the signs and display boards shall be approved by Utilities Team and installation work shall be carried out accordingly (by Utilities Team or with the help of any other Teams). Refer to Appendix­ 9: Format and Flowchart for Request for Installation of Road Signs.

7.3

Requirements of Signs a. Road signs and display boards are installed in order to provide for the safe and orderly movement of traffic. These signs provide information about the routes, directions, destinations and key messages. They provide also information on regulations which apply to specific locations or at specific times, and warn of hazards which may not be evident.

Page 21 of 38

DOC. NO. KOC-S-001

b. To " .. .. II

be effective, a sign I display board should: fulfill a need;

command ",-,." .... convey a clear and

adequate T.A ....

and display boards shall have a carefully c. To meet objectives, uniform design, and applied placed in a considered message, of information, manner. consistent the road user. It is or use of signs leads also most important to rpcnp'~T and non-compliance to

The road and display boards are as per Table IX below:

into the following functional groups

Table IX : ~==:::::.:o.....::::...:...::=:;:....;:;:..::..;;;;;.:;.=

behaviour is destinations, direction motorists in navigating to their Information Signs

Included in the functional are a number of tabs which may be mounted above or some primary signs. Tabs are not to used are two as below: 1. A

PDlememarv tab sign.

information additional to the message conveyed to the

DOC. NO. KOC-S-001

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Page 22 of 38

II

REV. 3

2. An educational tab indicates in text form the same message represented by a symbol on the primary sign. It may be used to convey the meaning of a .symbol during a suitable "educational period" after which it can be removed. 7.5

Standardization of Application a. Similar situations must always be signed in the same manner in order to ensure correct driver response. To maintain signing integrity therefore standards for the application of traffic signs and boards must be upheld. b. Signs should be used only, where they are warranted. Excessive use of signs and display boards diminishes their effectiveness. c. It is intended to standardize the application and use of various types of signs. However it is not possible to give specific directions for all situations. Proper signing shall be ensured by reviewing the design and conducting Site visits as mentioned under clause 7.2 of this Guideline. d. Before a new roadway or detour is opened to traffic, all necessary signs including directional signs and route markers must be in place. Guide signs directing traffic to a detour route should be removed as soon as the detour is removed . e. Road signing and display boards should be reviewed frequently to ensure that it is effective; and that it relates accurately to the road's present condition. Signs / boards which are no longer required must be removed.

7.6

Standardization of Design a. To simplify the driving task and optimize safety, signs must be recognized and understood at a glance. This requires simplicity and uniformity of design, and consistency of application and placement. Standardization of design includes colour, shape, relative dimensions, message and illumination or reflectorization. b. Standardization of design does not preclude further improvement by minor changes in the proportion of symbols, stroke width and height of letters, width of borders, or layout of word messages. However all shapes and colours must be as indicated, all symbols must be unmistakably similar to those shown, and all texts must be as specified as per this Guideline

7.6.1

Shape and Colour The shape and colour of a sign / board are important as they identify the functional group to which the sign/board belongs. The shape and colour ofthe different groups are as follows: Regulatory SignslBoards are generally vertical rectangles or squares with black messages on a white background or the reverse. Some signs also incorporate red or green. However the STOP sign is an exception and has unique shape and colour.

3

Page 23 of 38

DOC. NO. KOC-S-001

Warning

are generally triangular shaped with black on a yellow background with a black triangular band. The yellow colour shall cover at 50% the area the triangle including the triangular band. A shall be border at the the band is optional. Minimum mm (6")

Mandatory Signs are circular with on a blue The blue shall cover at least 50% the area of circle. A the of the blue is optional. Minimum is 1 mm (6") diameter.

a colour shall cover edges of circular diameter,

border at

shaped with black background with oblique northwest / "V'.''''-'~W in The 35% of area the A white border at the is optional. Minimum shall be 1 mm (6")

horizontal with a white message on a colour shall cover at least 50% of area of green background is optional. Minimum mm (6"xlO").

Informational

generally horizontal rectangles or squares, should have a placed not nearer than 500 m a warnmg

green border, and

Temporary Warning

are generally the except having an orange background.

same a

standard

fmther refer to Manual on Ministry of Public Works, Kuwait Municipality and the Ministry Substrate

signs

jointly

Dimensions

Sign depending on further details Expressway

should of either "High Intensity" or "Diamond Grade" limits and locations. to "Section VII Traffic Markings &

General Specification of Kuwait Motorway /

7.6.3 a. Sign b.

ll'-"':>a!~'-'.~

consist of symbols,

or a combination of both.

Where possible, a symbol should in preference to a word for symbol signs may require explanatory tabs for an educational

New designs

III

DOC. NO. KOC-S-001 7.6.4

Il

. Page 24 of 38

I

REV. 3

Reflectorization and Illumination a. All road signs must be reflectorized and / or illuminated to show the same colour and shape by night as by day. Roadway lighting may not meet the requirements for sign illumination. However it may make the sign more visible at night if there is some flexibility in placing the sign closer to a luminaire to capture the ambient light. b. For further details refer to "Section VII of General Specification of Kuwait Motorway / Expressway Systems Traffic Markings & Signs".

7.7

Standardization of Placement Standardization of sign placement is desirable, although it is not always possible to attain because signs must be accommodated to roadway design and relative positioning of other signs. The following general criteria on sign placement should be noted as below: • A sign should be within a driver's field of vision in order to command attention. • A driver travelling at the speed limit must have time to comprehend the sign, and have adequate time to execute an appropriate response. • Signs should not block sight lines for traffic entering or leaving a roadway. Standard placement shall considered under the following subheadings:

7.7.1

Side of Roadway a. Generally signs shall be located as a rule on the right hand side of the roadway, where drivers are accustomed to seeing them. However, in some circumstances, signs may best be placed on channelizing islands or overhead. In some cases, such as when there is poor visibility of a primary sign, it may be desirable to supplement it with a second sign placed on left side of the roadway. This is common on divided roadway and on one-way streets with two or more lanes. b. Some primary signs may be placed on the left, such as CHEVRON ALIGNMENT marker, which may be located on the outside of sharp right curves, or the OBJECT marker, which may be installed in front of obstructions on the left side ofthe roadway.

7.7.2

Longitudinal Positioning a. Most regulatory signs are placed where regulation applies and do not need advance placement. b. Signs such as guide, informational and warning types placed in advance of the point, object or condition to which they apply. The advance distance at which these signs should be placed, is generally dependent on the speed limit and

C. NO. KOC..s-001

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REV. 3

of 38

to Table 1 Guideline, which is based on US Manual Control and 1988 The advance distances shown in Table 1 are only a guideline. c. It is likely that circumstances may sometimes exist in

departure from this which shall be supported with judgement. In such cases must technical

reasons the Guideline. Table 1, Appendix 8 does to signs for temporary

d.

Warning should signs. Where a regulation or should be repeated.

a

e. As a rule, two on separate posts should be erected a minimum of 90 m apart; but not closer than 60 m where the speed limit is 100 km/hr. and at least m in areas with speed of 80 kmlhr. Exceptions to this should be kept to a minimum as two placed together are difficult to

7.7.3

Lateral Positioning

any

a.

Bottom the shou Id be 1.5 m above nearest travelled height may increased to 2.0 m under special circumstances, such as an obstruction in the line Where two or more are required on same post, the height to lowest sign may reduced by 300 mm (0.3 m).

b. above C.

d.

4.5 m, not

a shoulder, m from the of a roadside barrier or closer than 600 mm to of shoulder onto which a vehicle can

mounted on a median: Bottom of of the median.

should be

minimum

m

On a road with curb and and lor

movements are likely, lowest sign in any

m above of or shoulder.

/

should be 1.2 m to

m.

e. An overhead sign requires vertical clearance of not less roadway shoulder.

5.5 m at all points over the

DOC. NO. KOC-S-001 7.7.5

Page 26 of 38

REV. 3

Il

Angle a. All signs should be mounted approximately at right angles to the traffic flow and facing the traffic they are intended to serve, except Urban Parking and Stopping signs, which should be nearer parallel to (between 30 and 45 degrees) to the traffic flow. b. On curved alignments, the angle of placement should be determined by the course of approaching traffic rather than the roadway edge at the sign location. c. On grades, it may be desirable to tilt the sign forward or back from the vertical to improve the viewing angle. d. A sign placed precisely at right angles to an approaching vehicle may cause mirror reflection of headlights from its face. To avoid this, a sign should be slightly turned away from the road.

NOTE: For installation of Pipeline Markers at road crossings, refer to clause 13.0 ofKOC-G-012 "KOC Standard for Plant Equipment Identification, Nameplates and Pipeline Markers". 7.8

Sign Posts and Bases Posts and where applicable, bases shall be installed to hold signs in position against wind and displacement by vandals. At locations where sign supports could be hit by vehicles, they should be located behind appropriate crash barrier. For further details refer to General Specification Expressway System: Traffic Markings & Signs".

7.9

for

Kuwait

Motorway

/

Overhead Signs An overhead sign may be required for the circumstances as below: • Where the message is applicable to placed.

{'OI.IC

between

x

A

x

A leve! or containing a low crest curve

cOntaining a low sag curve

Terradng on w/:}ich two cre.sts can be seen at ona time

Well balanced

Alignment Features

.::.Iir,n..,."pnt

DOC~

NO. KOC-S-001

Page 30 of38

APPENDIX-3

'­

GRADES

REV. 3

DOC. NO. KOC-S-001

Page 31 of 38

REV. 3

APPENDIX - 4: SUPER-ELEVATION & WIDENING

-~~i

j I

I

1

, III

DOC. NO. KOC-S-001

Ir

- -

I

,

Page 32 of. 38 -

II

-

3~ . ~ ~

REV.

~

-

-

'. 'r -. . APPENDIX- 5 : DESIGN VA.bUES FOR PAVEMENT WIDE~1JNG ON CURVES

-

,I,'

0

-

-

-

-

-

-

.

-

~

!

i

PAYEMENT WIDENING ON CURVES Required beccwse: 1. Vehicle occupies 9reoter width in tracking. 2. Drj~. difli culty in hoHd;'y lane~

TABLE B

-

. ~ .. ~ c · "

CALCULATED AHODESIGN VALUES FOR PAYEMEHT WIDENING ot4oPE:t-,( HI'~'1WAY OJRYES* 2;,Lane Pavements, One-Way or Two- Way

VI (Widening}. ~" feet,. for 2 -I.h.

70 30

.ro

0 0.5

0 0 0

0 0

0

0 0

1

1

0 0 . 0

' -'­ .2. 0 0.5

0

0 0 0

0.5

50 60 70 .

O· 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 ,. 0 0 0 ' 0 0 0

0

0.5

-~~ -

'-

- "­

1

1

1.5 2

NOTE: Values in bold type Of" sU9gest.. d for design. 3-f e highways: Use above vol .... & where .volumes are we II below capacity, whe