KMB II DM Dan Komplikasi KLP 1

 

Xuias Ealacaf LED KK HKAIOGPXKL XNTARK HE HAO LGERCKLAPK

Hksusuo Gcnf Lncgepgl 1 = 1. A A Kstrk Tnvackaoa Rrahoyaohark (1;041022 :) 4. Ayu Ogvkta Park Xaepudgcgo (1;041022 6) 0. Hnwa Ayu Eahn Jndrkark (1;041022 ;) 8. K Iustk Ayu Eahn Kohrk Aeaoha (1;041021 8) >. K Raohn Oygeao Ykhyawatk (1;041021 6) :. Jndrkyaok Jacnotkno Jakroap (1;041021 1) 9.  Ok Lgeaoi Duoia Xrksla [uokark

(1;041024 9) (1;041024 6) (1;04102> 1)

6.  Ok  Ok Lgeaoi Hnvk Arkaotk ;. Tak Aoiia Rutra Iuoawao

LNRNTAYAXAO RTGITAE PATMAOA PXKLNP YKTA ENHKLA DACK HNORAPAT 4241

 

Lata Rnoiaotar Rumk syulur lnfahkrat Xufao [aoi Eafa Nsa yaoi tncaf enednrklao rafeat hao fkhayaf-Oya snfkoiia laek hapat enoyncnsaklao tuias ealacaf kok tnpat paha waltuoya.Ahapuo tumuao hark pnoucksao hark ealacaf kok ahacaf uotul enoaedaf wawasao tnotaoi –Hkaiogstkl Xnrapk He Hao Lgepcklask― daik  para pneda`a hao muia daik pnoyusuo. Laek enoiu`aplao tnrkea laskf lnpaha Kdu Ok Yayao Xrksoahnwk P.Lnp.,E.Lns sncalu hgsno eata luckaf Lnpnrawatao Enhklac Dnhaf KK yaoi tncaf enednrklao tuias kok snfkoiia hapat enoaedaf  pnointafuao hao wawasao snsuak hnoiao dkhaoi stuhk yaoi laek tnluok.

Laekk Lae

muia muia enoiu` enoiu`apla aplao o tnrkea tnrkea laskf laskf lnpaha lnpaha sneua pkfal yaoi tncaf tncaf ene enedaik daik sndaika sndaikao o

 pnointafuaooya snfkoiia laek hapat enoyncnsaklao ealacaf kok. Laek enoyahark, ealacaf yaoi laek tucks kok easkf mauf hark lata snepuroa. Gcnf larnoa ktu, lrktkl hao sarao yaoi enedaoiuo alao laek oaotklao hnek lnsnepuroaao ealacaf kok.

Hnopasar, 48 Jndruark 4241

Rnoyusuo

 

HAJXAT KPK

  Lata pnoiaotar

k

Hajtar ksk

kk

Dad K Rnohafucuao 1.1 Catar dncalaoi

1

1.4 Tueusao easacaf

4

1.0 Xumuao

4

Dad KK Rnedafasao 4.1 Rnoinrtkao Hkadntns Enccktus (HE) hao lgepcklask 4.4 Hkaiogstkl HE hao lgepcklask 4.0 Xnrapk HE hao lgepcklask

>

Dad KKK Rnoutup 0.1 Lnskepucao

6

0.4 Parao

6

Hajtar pustala

 

DAD K RNOHAF^C^AO 1.1 Catar Catar dncalaoi dncalaoi

Hk Hkad adnt ntns ns Encc Encckt ktus us ahaca ahacaf f su suat atu u luepuc luepucao ao inmac inmacaa ya yaoi oi tk tked educ uc pa paha ha sn snsn sngr grao aoi i yaoi yaoi hksnda hks ndadlao dlao gcnf gcnf larnoa larnoa ahaoya ahaoya pnokoi pnokoilat latao ao lahar lahar iuca iuca (iculgs (iculgsa) a) haraf haraf alkdat alkdat lnlurao lnluraoiao iao kosucko dakl adsgcut eaupuo rncatkj (Puygog, 1;;>). HE enrupalao pnoyalkt yaoi enomahk easacaf paha lnsnfatao easyaralat. Gcnf larnoa ktu HE tnr`aotue hacae urutao lnnepat  prkgrktas pnoncktkao oaskgoac uotul pnoyalkt hninonratkj sntncaf pnoyalkt larhkgvaslucnr, snrndrgvaslucnr, rfnueatkl hao lataral (Xmglrgprawkrg, 4221). Hkadntns ahacaf sacaf satu hkaotara pnoyalkt tkhal enoucar yaoi alao enokoilat muecafoya hkeasa enohataoi. Hkadntns enrupalao sacaf satu ao`aeao utaea daik lnsnfatao ueat eaouska adah 41. YFG eneduat pnrlkraao dafwa paha tafuo 4222 muecaf pnoikhap hkadntns hkatas ueur 42 tafuo dnrmuecaf 1>2 muta graoi hao hacae luruo waltu 4> tafuo lneuhkao, paha tafuo 424> muecaf ktu alao enednoilal enomahk 022 muta graoi (Puygog, 422:). Hkadntns enccktus tkpn KK enrupalao tkpn hkadntns yaoi cndkf ueue, cndkf daoyal pnohnrktaoya hkdaohkoilao Hkadntns Enccktus tkpn K. Rnohnrkta hkadntns enccktus tkpn KK eno`apak ;2-;> % hark lnsncurufao  pgpucask pnohnrkta HE (Aogoke, 422>). Calseaoao Calsea oao (1;6:) (1;6:) enednr enednrkta ktaful fulao ao acasao acasao easul easul rueaf rueaf salkt salkt yaoi yaoi hksnda hksndadlao dlao gcnf gcnf  pnoyalkt katgirnokl (alkdat hark pnoigdatao) hkeaoa sndaoyal 89 1 4 lnmahkao katgirnokl yaoi euo`uc,, hktneulao euo`uc hktneulao 0> lasus hrui rncatnh rncatnh kcconss. kcconss. Lasuslasus Lasuslasus tnrsndut hkaotaraoya hkaotaraoya tnrmahk tnrmahk paha aotkfkpnrtnosk 6 lasus, aotklgovucsao 8 lasus, pnoigdatao maotuoi 4 lasus, aotkdkgtkl 4 lasus hao eks`nccaongus 1 lasus (@kpgccn nt ac., 1;;6). Graoi caomut uska enoiacaek lneuohurao hacae skstne jkskgcgiksoya snpnrtk luckt yaoi lnrkput, turuooya tkoiik dahao, dnrat dahao, lnluatao gtgt, haya ckfat, haya hnoiar, lneaepuao  dnrdaiak rasa (snosns), hao pnouruoao juoisk dnrdaiak griao tnreasul apa yaoi tnrmahk tnrfahap juoisk fgengstatks iculgsa, snfkoiia pnoyalkt hninonratkj snpnrtk HE alao cndkf euhaf tnrmahk (Tg`feaf, (Tg`fe af, 422:). ^eur sn`ara lrgogcgiks lrgogcgiks faoya enrupalao suatu hntnrekoao hntnrekoao hark pnrudafao pnrudafao

 

yaoi dnrfuduoiao hnoiao pnonrapao tnrapk gdat sn`ara tnpat paha graoi caomut uska. Xnrmahk  pnrudafao pnotkoi paha rnspgo tnrfahap dndnrapa gdat yaoi tnrmahk snkrkoi hnoiao  dnrtaedafoya ueur paha snmuecaf dnsar kohkvkhu (Latzuoi, 4228).

1.4 Tueusao Tueusao easacaf easacaf

1. Apa pnoinrtk pnoinrtkao ao hark hkadntns hkadntns enccktus enccktus (HE) (HE) dnsnrta dnsnrta lgepckl lgepcklaskoya askoya77 4. Apa sama sama hkai hkaiogs ogstk` tk` HE HE hao lgep lgepck cklas lask7 k7 0. Daiake Daiakeaoa aoa tnra tnrapk pk HE HE hao hao lgepck lgepcklas laskk 7

1.0 Xumuao Xumuao 1. ^otul Enointafuk pnoinrtkao hark HE hao lgepcklaskoya 4. ^otul Enointafuk hkaiogstk` hark HE hao lgepcklask 0. ^otul Enointafuk tnrapk hark HE hao lgepcklask

 

DAD KK RNEDAFAPAO

4.1 Rnoinrtkao Hkadntns Enccktus (HE) Hao Lgepcklask

Enourut Ygrch Fnactf Griaokzatkgo (YFG) tafuo 421:, Hkadntns enccktus ahacaf suatu  pnoyalkt lrgoks hkeaoa griao paolrnas tkhal eneprghulsk `ulup kosucko atau lntkla tuduf tkhal  njnltkj hacae enoiiuoalaooya. Hkadntns enccktus ahacaf iaoiiuao entadgcksen yaoi sn`ara inontks hao lckoks tnreasul fntnrgino hnoiao eaokjnstask dnrupa fkcaoioya tgcnraosk lardgfkhrat (Rrk`n hao Ykcsgo, 422:). Fkpnricklneka atau tnrmahkoya pnokoilatao lahar iuca haraf ahacaf sacaf satu sacaf satu njnl njnl yaoi tnrmah tnrmahkk mkla mkla pnoyalk pnoyalktt hkadnt hkadntns ns tkhal tkhal tnr tnrlgo lgotrg trgcc hao caedat caedat cauo cauo alao enoialkdatlao lnrusalao hkdnrdaiak skstne hk hacae tuduf lfususoya saraj hao pneducuf haraf. Hkadntns enccktus enrupalao pnoyalkt entadgckl yaoi dnrcaoisuoi caea atau lrgoks yaoi hktaohak hnoiao pnokoilatao lahar iuca haraf sndaiak alkdat hark lncakoao kosucko, altkvktas kosucko ataupuo snlrnsk kosucko yaoi hapat enokedulao dnrdaiak easacaf snrkus hao prnvacnosk harkk pnoya har pnoyalk lktt hkad hkadnt ntns ns encc encckt ktus us kok kok dn dnrl rlne nedao daoi i sa saoia oiatt `n `npa patt (P (Pen enct ctzn znrr &Dar &Darn, n, 42 4226) 26).. Dnrhasarlao hark dndnrapa hnjkoksk hk atas, hkadntns enccktus ahacaf suatu lncakoao entadgckl  yaoi hktaoh hktaohak ak hnoiao hnoiao pnokoila pnokoilatao tao lahar lahar iuca iuca haraf haraf yaoi yaoi hapat hapat enoialk enoialkdat datlao lao lnrusa lnrusalao lao hkdnrdaiak skstne tuduf eaouska Enourut AHA (4210) lcaskjklask hkadntns enccktus enckputk nepat lncas lckoks yaktu= 1. Hk Hkadn adntn tnss Encc Encckt ktus us tkp tkpnn 1 Faskc hark lnfao`urao snc dnta paolrnas, dkasaoya enoyndadlao hnjksknosk kosucko yaoi adsgcut atau tuduf tkhal eaepu enoifaskclao kosucko. Rnoyndad hark hkadntns enccktus kok dncue hklntafuk sn`ara pastk. Xaoha hao inmaca hark hkadntns enccktus tkpn 1 kok ahacaf  pgckurka (lno`koi tnrus enonrus hacae ; muecaf daoyal), pgckhkpska (rasa `npat faus),  pgckpaika (rasa `npat capar), pnouruoao dnrat dahao sn`ara hrastks, enoiacaek pnouruoao  pnoickfatao hao lncncafao. 4. Hk Hkadn adntn tnss Encc Encckt ktus us tkp tkpnn 4

 

Faskc Fas kc hark hark iaoiiua iaoiiuao o snlrns snlrnskk kosuck kosucko o yaoi yaoi prgirn prgirnskj skj yaoi enomah enomahkk cat catar ar dncalao dncalaoi i tnrmahkoya rnskstnosk kosucko atau lntkhalnjnltkjao pnoiiuoaao kosucko hk hacae tuduf. Hkadnt Hka dntns ns encckt enccktus us tkpn tkpn 4 enrupa enrupalao lao tkpn tkpn hkadnt hkadntns ns yaoi yaoi packoi packoi daoyal daoyal hkacae hkacaekk gcnf gcnf snsngraoi hk huoka hao packoi snrkoi hksndadlao gcnf larnoa dnrat dahao dnrcndkf hao altkvktas jkskl yaoi luraoi. Xaoha hao inmaca hark hkadntns enccktus tkpn 4 kok faepkr  saea hnoiao hkadntns enccktus tkpn 1, tntapk hkadntns enccktus tkpn 4 hapat hkhkaiogsks sntnca snt ncaf f dndnrap dndnrapaa tafuo tafuo lncufa lncufao o hkrasa hkrasalao lao gcnf gcnf paskno paskno hao paha hkadnt hkadntns ns encckt enccktus us lgepcklask hapat tnrmahk. Hkaiogsks lckoks hkadntns enccktus ueueoya alao hkpklkrlao  dkca aha lncufao lfas dnrupa pgckurka, pgckhkpska, pg ckhkpska, pgckjaika, hao pnouruoao dnrat dahao d ahao yaoi tkhal hapat hkmncaslao sndadoya. Lncufao cako yaoi euoilko hklncuflao paskno ahacaf aha caf cneaf, cneaf, lnsneu lnsneutao tao,, iatac, iatac, eata eata ladur, ladur, hao hksjuo hksjuoisk isk nrnlsk nrnlsk paha paha prka, prka, snr snrta ta  prurktus vucva paha paskno waokta (Ruroaeasark, 422;). 0. Hkadnt Hkadntns ns tkpn tkpn spns spnskj kjkl kl cako cako Hkadntns tkpn kok dkasaoya tnrmahk larnoa ahaoya iaoiiuao inontkl paha juoisk snc dnta, iaoiiuao inontkl paha lnrma kosucko, pnoyalkt nlsglrko paolrnas hao hkpk`u gcnf gdat atau dafao lkeka (snpnrtk pnoigdatao FKZ/AKHP atau sntncaf traospcaotask griao). 8. Instatkgoac Hkadntns Hkadntns tkpn kok tnrmahkoya pnokoilatao lahar iuca haraf atau fkpnri fkp nrickl cklnek nekaa sncaea sncaea lnfaek lnfaekcao cao hnoiao hnoiao okc okcak ak lahar lahar iculgs iculgsaa haraf haraf ogreac ogreac tnt tntapk apk hkdawa hkd awaf f hark hark okcak okcak hkaiog hkaiogstk stkl l hkadnt hkadntns ns encckt enccktus us paha ueueoy ueueoya. a. Rnrnep Rnrnepuao uao hnoiao hnoiao hkadnt hka dntns ns encckt enccktus us saat saat lnfaekc lnfaekcao ao saoiat saoiat dnrksk dnrksklg lg eno enoiac iacaek aek lgepck lgepcklas laskk sncaea sncaea lnfaekcao. Kdu hnoiao instatkgoac hkadntns enekcklk rksklg tkoiik enoiacaek hkadntns enccktus tkpn 4 hklneuhkao fark. Instatkgoac hkadntns cndkf dakl 12 hkhkaiogsa hnoiao  pnenrklsaao saat prnoatac larnoa cndkf alurat hkdaohkoilao hnoiao lncufao caoisuoi yaoi hkrasalao lckno (Arkseao, 4211).

 

LGERCKLAPK HE

Enourut Cnegon, Durln & Dauchgjj tafuo 421>, lgepcklask paha hkadntns enccktus tnrdaik hacae lgepcklask alut hao lgepcklask lrgokl. 1. Lgep Lgepck ckla lask sk Alut Alut Lgepcklask alut tnrhkrk hark fkpnricklneka, hkadntkl lntgaskhgsks (HLA), hao fkpnricklnekl fkpnrgsegcar (FFP). a. Fkpn Fkpnri riccklne klneka ka

 

Enourut Kotnroatkgoac Pg`knty jgr Rnhkatrk`s aoh Ahgcns`not Hkadntns (4229), fkpnricklneka ahacaf suatu lnahaao lahar iuca haraf snwaltu ≮ 11,1 eegc/C (422 ei/hC) hktaedaf hnoiao inmaca hkadntns atau lahar iuca haraf puasa (tkhal enohapatlao easulao lacgrk sntkhaloya hacae 6 mae sndncueoya) ≮ 9,2 9,2 eegc eegc/C /C (14: (14: ei/h ei/hC) C).. Easa Easaca caf f ut utae aeaa al alkd kdat at fk fkpn pnri rick ckln lnek ekaa paha paha  pnoyaohaoi HE ahacaf HLA hao FFP, hua easacaf cako ahacaf jnogenoa jamar hao jnogenoa sgegiyk. Jnogenoa jamar ahacaf lnoaklao iculgsa haraf aotara mae 8 paik hao mae 6 paik yaoi dulao enrupalao rnspgos tnrfahap fkpgic fkp gickln klneka eka.. Rnoynda Rnoyndad d pastko pastkoya ya tkhal tkhal hklnta hklntafuk fuk oaeuo oaeuo dks dksaa hkpast hkpastkla klao o hklarn hkl arnoala oalao o gcnf gcnf pnokoi pnokoilat latao ao fgrego fgrego pnrtue pnrtueduf dufao ao paha paha eacae eacae fark. fark. Jnogenoa sgegiyk ahacaf lgedkoask fkpgicklneka sncaea eacae fark 18 hn hnoia oiao o pa paot otuc ucao ao ln lnoak oakla lao o ic iculg ulgsa sa ha hara raf f hk pa paik ik fa fark rk tn tnrf rfaha ahap p la lahar  har  fkpnricklneka (@grwko, 422;).  d. Hkadntkl Lntgaskhgsks (HLA) Hkadnt Hka dntkl kl Lntgas Lntgaskhg khgsks sks (HLA) (HLA) ahacaf ahacaf lna lnahaao haao hnlgepn hnlgepnosa osask sk lnla`au lnla`auao ao entadgckl yaoi hktaohak hnoiao gcnf trkas HLA yaktu fkpnricklneka, askhgsks hao lntgsks yaoi enrupalao sacaf satu lgepcklask alut entadgckl hkadntns encckt enc cktus us yaoi yaoi packoi packoi snrkus snrkus hao enoiao enoiao`ae `ae oyawa oyawa (Easfa (Easfarao raok, k, 4212). 4212). Lndn Ln dnrf rfas askc kcao ao pn pnoa oata taca cals lsaoa aoaao ao HLA HLA ened enedut utufl uflao ao lg lgrn rnls lskk hnfkh hnfkhra rask sk,, fkpnricklneka, askhgsks hao lncakoao ncnltrgckt, khnotkjklask jaltgr prnskpktask lgegrd lge grdkh kh hao yaoi yaoi tnrpno tnrpnotko tkoi i ahacaf ahacaf pneaot pneaotauao auao lgohksk lgohksk paskno paskno tnr tnrus us enonrus ([nfka, Npps, Igchno, 4226). `. Fkpnricklnekl Fkpnrgsegcar (FFP) FFP hktaohak hnoiao gsegcarktas pcasea 082 eGse/C atau cndkf (lksarao ogreac ogr eac ahacaf ahacaf 462-022 462-022 esGse esGse/C) /C),, oak oakloy loyaa lahar lahar iculgs iculgsaa haraf haraf hnoiao hnoiao `npat (cndkf hark :22 ei/hc hao snrkoi lack 1222-4222 ej/hc), hao pnrudafao tkoilat lnsaharao yaoi dnrat. Jaltgr pnek`u FFP yaoi packoi ueue ahacaf kojnlsk. Eaokjnstask iaoiiuao kok hapat euo`uc hark 48 mae fkoiia 4 ekoiiu. Eaokjnstask hkeucak hnoiao fkpnricklneka yaoi enoyndadlao facuarao urkon snfkoiia enoyndadlao pcasea dnrluraoi hao camu IJT enouruo. Alkdatoya iculgsa hktafao hao akr enomahk fkcaoi, iculgsa hao oatrkue alao enouepul  hk haraf hao enokoilatlao gsegcarktas snrue yaoi alfkroya enoyndadlao

 

hnfkhrask dnrat, yaoi enoiuraoik akr kotrasncucnr hk sneua markoiao tnreasul  gtal (Pgnwgohg, Rrahaoa, 422;). 4. Lgepc Lgepcklask klask Lrgokl Lgepcklask Lgepcklask lrgoks tnrhkrk atas lgepcklask lgepcklask ealrgvaslucar ealrgvaslucar hao ek eklr lrgv gvas aslu luca car. r. Lgepc Lgepckl klas askk ealr ealrgv gvas aslu luca carr hk hkao aota tara raoy oyaa ahaca ahacaf f pnoya pnoyalk lktt pa paha ha larhkgvasluc larhkg vaslucar, ar, pnoyalkt pnoyalkt artnrk artnrk lgrgonr, lgrgonr, pnoyalkt pnoyalkt snrndrgvasluc snrndrgvaslucar, ar, fkpnrtnosk fkpnrtnosk,, hao  pnoyalkt vaslucnr pnrkjnr hao kojnlsk. Pnhaoilao lgepcklask eklrgvaslucar  hkaotaraoya ahacaf rntkogpatk, onjrgpatk, uclus lalk, onurgpatk snosgrkl hao onurgpatk gtgoge yaoi alao enokeduclao dnrdaiak pnrudafao paha luckt hao gtgt (Tg`feao, 422:).

a. Rnrudafao paha Pkstne Larhkgvaslucar Ealr Ea lrgs gskr krluc lucas askk (pne (pnedu ducu cuf f haraf haraf dn dnsa sar) r) paha paha pnoya pnoyaoha ohaoi oi HE enoi enoiac acae aekk  pnrudafao alkdat atnrgslcnrgsks, trgedgskt, snc haraf enraf, hao jaltgr   pnednluao yaoi tkhal ogreac snrta ahaoya pnrudafao hkohkoi artnrk. Jaltgr  rksklg cako yaoi enokeduclao pnrlnedaoiao pnoyalkt ealrgvaslucar paha HE ah ahac acaf af

fkpn fkpnrt rtno nosk sk,,

fkpnr fkpnrck ckpk pkhk hkek eka, a,

enrg enrglgl lgl,,

ha hao o

ln lnin ineu eulao lao..

Rnruda Rnrudafa fao o

eklrgskrlucask paha pnoyaohaoi HE enckdatlao lncakoao strultur hk enedrao  dasacks pneducuf haraf ln`kc hao lapkcnr. Njnl pnrudafao paha eklrgskrlucask enenoiarufk sneua markoiao tuduf tntapk packoi utaea hkmuepak paha eata hao ikomac (Penctznr & Darn, 4226).  d. Rnoyalkt Artnrk Lgrgonr Rnoyalkt artnrk lgrgonr ahacaf suatu pnoyalkt alkdat tnrmahkoya suedatao paha artnrk lgrgonr. Rnoyalkt artnrk lgrgonr enrupalao jaltgr rksklg utaea tnrmahkoya kojarl ekglarh paskno HE, lfususoya HE tkpn 4 yaoi uska oya suhaf paruf  daya fkoiia caoska. Rnoyaohaoi HE yaoi enoiacaek kojarl ekglarh alao  dnrksklg enoiacaek iaiac maotuoi lgoinstkj sndaiak lgepcklask kojarl (AFA, 421>). `. Fkpn pnrrtno nossk Fkpnrtnosk enrupalao lgepcklask ueue paha HE yaoi enoynraoi snlktar 9>%  pnoyaohaoi

HE

hao

enrupalao

jaltgr

rksklg

utaea

paha

pnoyalkt

larhkgvaslucar larhkgvasluc ar hao lgepcklask lgepcklask eklrgvasluc eklrgvaslucar ar snpnrtk snpnrtk rntkogpatk rntkogpatk hao onjrgpatk. onjrgpatk. Fuduoiaooya Fuduoia ooya hnoiao HE tkpn 4 saoiatcaf saoiatcaf lgepcnls, fkpnrtnosk fkpnrtnosk hapat eneduat eneduat

 

snc tkhal snosktkj tnrfahap kosucko (rnskstno kosucko) (Ekfarhma, 422;). Rahafac kosucko dnrpnrao enokoilatlao aedkcao iculgsa hk daoyal snc hao hnoiao `ara kok  muia enoiatur entadgcksen lardgfkhrat, snfkoiia mkla tnrmahk rnskstnosk kosucko gcnf gcnf sn snc, c, eala eala lahar lahar iu iuca ca hk hacae hacae ha hara raf f mu muia ia ha hapa patt enoi enoiac acaek aek ia iaoii oiiua uao o (Iuytgo, 4226). h. Ptrgln Ptrgln (@nhnr (@nhnraa Pnrnd Pnrndrgv rgvasl asluca ucar) r)   Rnoyaohaoi HE lfususoya caoska hnoiao HE Xkpn 4, hua fkoiia nepat lack cndkf cnd kf snrkoi snrkoi enoiac enoiacaek aek str strgln gln (@H@, (@H@, 4218). 4218). Raskno Raskno hnoiao hnoiao hkadnt hkadntns ns encckt enccktus us  dkasaoya alao enoiacaek vkslgsktas haraf atau tnrmahk lnlnotacao paha haraf 1: sn snfk fkoi oiia ia enek enek`u `u tn tnrm rmahk ahkoya oya tr trge gedgs dgsks ks ya yaoi oi al alfk fkro roya ya alao alao enoyn enoynda dadla dlao o tnrmahkoya suedatao paha pneducuf haraf dnsar (ealrgvaslucnr) hao pneducuf haraf ln`kc (eklrgvaslucnr). Raha pneducuf haraf dnsar alao enoyndadlao ackrao haraf ln maotuoi, snrndrac hao nlstrnektas tnriaoiiu. Lntkla tnrmahk iaoiiuao paha ackrao haraf ln snrndrac eala alao tnrmahk strgln (Rrk`n & Ykcsgo, 422:). n. Rn Rnoya oyalk lktt Zasl Zasluc ucar ar Rnrkj Rnrkjnr  nr    Lnrusalao Lnrusalao skrlucask skrlucask vaslucar pnrkjnr gcnf larnoa atnrgslcnrgsk atnrgslcnrgskss enoyndadlao enoyndadlao kosujksknosk vaslucar pnrkjnr hnoiao lcauhklask (oynrk) kotnrektno hk tuoilak dawaf hao uclus paha lalk. Puedatao hao trgedgsks hk pneducuf haraf dnsar, hao artnrk ln`kc hao artnrkgc, snrta pnrudafao juoisk onurgcgiks hao kojnlsk enoialkdatlao iaoirn iao irnon on (onlrg (onlrgsks sks atau atau lneatk lneatkao ao mar markoi koiao) ao).. Iaoirn Iaoirnon on alkdat alkdat HE enrupal enrupalao ao  pnoyndad tnrdaoyal aeputask ogo-traueatkl hk tuoilak dawaf. Raha pnoyaohaoi HE, iaoirno iaoirnonn lnrkoi lnrkoi packoi packoi daoyal daoyal tnr tnrmah mahk, k, yaoi yaoi hkeaok hkeaokjns jnstas taskla klao o hnoiao hnoiao  markoiao yaoi hkoiko, lnrkoi, enoinrut, hao dnrwaroa fktae hk mark lalk. Iaoirnon  dkasaoya hkeucak h keucak hark kdu mark lalk hao ha o dnrinral ln araf prglskeac lalk (Penctznr  & Darn, 4226). j. Tntk Tntkogp ogpat atkk Hkadn Hkadntk tkl l Tntko Tntkogpa gpatk tk hkadntkl ahacaf kstkcaf uotul rntkoa yaoi tnrmahk paha pnoyaohaoi HE. Ptrultur  lapkcn lap kcnrr rntkoa rntkoa enoiac enoiacaek aek pnruda pnrudafao fao ack ackrao rao haraf, haraf, yaoi enoynd enoyndadla adlao o kslnek kslnekaa rntkoa hao lnrusalao sawar rntkoa-haraf. Tntkogpatk hkadntkl enrupalao pnoyndad tnrdaoyal lndutaao paha graoi yaoi dnruska aotara 42 hao 98 tafuo (@H@, 4218). i. Onjr Onjrgp gpat atkk Hk Hkad adnt ntkl kl

 

 Onjrgpatk hkadntkl ahacaf pnoyalkt ikomac yaoi hktaohak hnoiao ahaoya acdueko hacae urkon, fkpnrtnosk, nhnea, hao kosujksknosk ikomac prgirnskj. Onjrgpatk tnrmahk  paha 02%-82% pnoyaohaoi HE tkpn 1 hao 1>-42% hnoiao tkpn 4 (Aekogjj, 422;). f. Rnruda Rnrudafao fao paha paha Paraj Paraj Rnrkjnr Rnrkjnr hao hao Gtgoge Gtgoge Onurgpat Onurgpatkk  pnrkjnr hao vksnrac ahacaf pnoyalkt paha saraj pnrkjnr hao saraj gtgoge. Raha  pnoyaohaoi HE, pnoyalkt kok snrkoilack hksndut onurgpatk hkadntkl. Ntkgcgik onurgpatk hkadntkl eno`alup pnondacao hkohkoi pneducuf haraf yaoi eneasgl  saraj, yaoi enoyndadlao pnouruoao outrkno, hneknckoksask snc-snc P`fwao yaoi enoinckckoik hao enoynlat saraj yaoi enepnrcaedat faotarao saraj. Eaokjnstask yaoi hktkeduclao tnriaotuoi paha cntal cnsk (Acpgrt & Paohnr, 4214). k. Onur Onurgp gpat atkk Zks Zksnr nrac ac  Onurgpatk vksnrac atau snrkoi hksndut onurgpatk gtgoge enoyndadlao dnrdaiak eaokjn eaok jnst stas askk dn dnri riao aotu tuoi oi pa paha ha ar arna na PPG PPG ya yaoi oi tn tnrl rlnoa noa.. Onu Onurg rgpat patkk ko kokk ha hapa patt eno` en o`al alup up ia iaoi oiiu iuao ao dn dnrl rlnr nrko koia iat, t, ju juoi oisk sk pu pupk pkcc tk tkha hal l og ogre reac ac,, ia iaoi oiiu iuao ao larhkgvaslucar, iaoiiuao iastrgkotnstkoac, iaoiiuao inoktgurkoark (Drkc, Noicaoh, Jraolcko nt ac, 4211).  m.

Rnrudafao Eggh Rnoyaohaoi HE dakl tkpn 1 eaupuo tkpn 4 enomacaok lntniaoiao lrgokl fkhup hnoiao pnrawatao hkrk lgepcnls hao dnrksklg tkoiik enoiacaek hnprnsk hao hkstrns negskgoac spnskjkl larnoa HE. Hnprnsk eaygr hao inmaca hnprnsk enepnoiarufk 42% pnoyaohaoi HE yaoi eneduatoya enomahk hua lack cndkf snrkoi tnrmahk hk lacaoiao pnoyaohaoi HE hkdaohkoi pgpucask ueue (Drkao hll, 4212).

l. Rnokoi Rnokoilat latao ao Lnrnot Lnrnotaoa aoao o Xnrfaha Xnrfahap p Kojnlsk Kojnlsk Rnoyaohaoi HE enoiacaek pnokoilatao rksklg tnrmahkoya kojnlsk. Fuduoiao pastk atara ata ra kojnls kojnlskk hao HE tkhal tkhal mnc mncas, as, tnt tntapk apk daoyal daoyal iaoiiua iaoiiuao o yaoi tnrmahk tnrmahk alkdat alkdat lgepcklask lgepc klask hkadntkl enek`u enek`u snsngraoi snsngraoi enoiacaek enoiacaek kojnlsk. kojnlsk. Lnrusalao Lnrusalao vaslucar  vaslucar  hao onurgcgiks, onurgcgiks, fkpnricklneka fkpnricklneka,, hao pnrudafao pnrudafao juoisk juoisk onutrgjkc onutrgjkc hkpnr`aya enomahk  pnoyndadoya (Eatjko & Rgrtf, 422;). c.

Rn Rnoy oyal alkt kt Rn Rnrk rkgh ghgo gota tacc Enslkpuo pnoyalkt pnrkghgotac tkhal tnrmahk cndkf snrkoi paha pnoyaohaoi HE, tntapk tntapk hapat hapat enedur enedurul ul hnoiao hnoiao `npat, `npat, lfususo lfususoya ya mkla mkla HE tk tkhal hal 16 tnr tnrlgot lgotrgc rgc

 

hnoiao hno iao dakl. dakl. Hkpnr` Hkpnr`aya ayakk dafwa dafwa pnoyalk pnoyalktt kok hksndad hksndadlao lao gcnf gcnf eklrga eklrgaoik oikpatk patk,, hnoiao pnrudafao paha vaslucarksask iusk. Alkdatoya, ikoikvktks (kojcaeask iusk) hao pnrkghgotk pnrkghgotktks tks (kojcaeask (kojcaeask tucaoi tucaoi hk dawaf iusk) tnrmahk tnrmahk (Cgoig, (Cgoig, Jau`k, Laspnr, Fausnr, Maensgo, Cgs`aczg, 4211). e. Lgepck Lgepcklas laskk yaoi Enoinoa Enoinoakk Lalk Xk Xkoi oiik ikoy oyaa kosk koskhn hnos os da dakl kl aepu aeputa task sk eaup eaupuo uo easa easaca caf f la lalk lk pa paha ha pa pask skno no HE enrupa enr upalao lao alkdat alkdat aoikgpa aoikgpatk, tk, onurgp onurgpatk atk,, hao kojnls kojnlsk. k. Rnoyaoh Rnoyaohaoi aoi HE dnrksk dnrksklg lg tkoiik enoiacaek aeputask hk nlstrnektas dawaf hnoiao pnokoilatao rksklg paha enrnla yaoi suhaf enoyaohaoi HE cndkf hark 12 tafuo. Onurgpatk hkadntkl paha lalk enokeduclao dnrdaiak easacaf larnoa snosask snotufao hao pnrsnpsk oynrk tkhal aha, pnoyaohaoi HE hapat enoiacaek dndnrapa tkpn trauea lalk taopa enoyaharkoya. Graoi tnrsndut dnrkslg tkoiik enoiacaek trauea hk markoiao lalk enoynd eno yndadla adlao o tnrmah tnrmahkoy koyaa uclus. uclus. Kojnls Kojnlskk ueueoy ueueoyaa tnr tnrmah mahkk paha mar markoi koiao ao yaoi enoia en oiaca caek ek trau trauea ea at atau au uclus uclus (P (Pen enct ctzn znrr & Darn Darn,, 4226) 4226).. Ensl Enslkp kpuo uo da daoya oyal  l  lneuoilkoao suednr trauea lalk yaoi enoyndadlao uclus lalk hkadntkl paha  pnoyaohaoi HE snpnrtk pn`af-pn`af hao jksura yaoi hksndadlao gcnf luckt lnrkoi atau kojnlsk eksacoya lalk atcnt, cnpuf yaoi hksndadlao gcnf pnealakao snpatu yaoi yao i tkhal tkhal pas, pas, tnlaoao tnlaoao hark stglko stglkoi i atau atau snpatu snpatu,, lapacao lapacao,, lulu lalk tueduf tueduf easul eas ul ln hacae/ hacae/lns lnsaca acafao fao hacae hacae enegtg enegtgoi oi lulu lulu lalk hao trauea trauea caoisu caoisuoi oi (tnrpgtgoi, enear, atau cula dalar). Rnotkoi uotul enoikoiat dafwa pnoyaohaoi onurgp onu rgpatk atk hkadnt hkadntkl kl yaoi yaoi enoiac enoiacaek aek lnfkcao lnfkcaoiao iao pnrsnp pnrsnpsk sk oynrk oynrk euoilk euoilko o tkh tkhal  al  enoyahark dafwa tncaf tnrmahk `nhnra (Puygog, 422;).

4.4 Hkaiogstk` HE Hao Lgepcklask

Enouru Eno urutt Rnrlno Rnrlnokk (421>) (421>),, Hkadnt Hkadntns ns Encckt Enccktus us hktnial hktniallao lao atas atas hasar hasar pnenrk pnenrklsa lsaao ao lahar  lahar  iculgsa haraf. Hkaiogsks tkhal hapat hktniallao atas hasar ahaoya iculgsurka. Rnenrklsaao iculgsa haraf yaoi hkaomurlao ahacaf pnenrklsaao iculgsa sn`ara nozkeatkl hnoiao dafao haraf pcasea vnoa. Rneaotauao faskc pnoigdatao hapat hkcalulao hnoiao enoiiuoalao pnenrklsaao iculgsa haraf lapkcnr hnoiao iculgentnr. Rnenrklsaao iculgsa pcasea puasa ≮14:ei/hc. Ruasa ahacaf lgohksk tkhal aha asupao lacgrk ekokeac 6 mae atau pnenrklsaao iculgsa pcasea ≮422ei/hc 4 mae sntncaf Xns Xgcnraosk Iculgsa Grac (XXIG) hnoiao dndao 9> irae atau pnenrklsaao iculgsa  pcasea snwaltu ≮422ei/hc hnoiao lncufao lcaskl atau pnenrklsaao IdA1` ≮:,>% hnoiao

 

enoiiuoalao entghn Fkif-Rnrjgreao`n Ckqukh @frgeatgirapfy (FRC@) yaoi tnrstaoharksask gcnf  Oatkgoac Icy`gfanegicgdko Ptaoharkzatkgo Rrgirae (OIPR). AHA (421>) enoyatalao dafwa hkaiogsks HE hapat hkcalulao hnoiao enckfat eaokjnstask  dnrupa inmaca HE (pgckurka, pgckhkpska, pgckjaika, pnouruoao dnrat dahao taopa sndad) hktaedaf hnoiao lahar iculgsa haraf snwaltu ?422 ei/hC, atau lahar iculgsa haraf puasa ?14: ei/hC atau lahar iculgsa haraf 4 mae sntncaf hkcalulao tnst tgcnraosk iculgsa grac (9> irae iculgsa yaoi hkcarutlao) ealao ? 422 ei/hC. Rnenrklsaao hkcalulao ekokeac 4 lack hnoiao `ara yaoi saea. Dnrdaiak lncufao hapat hktneulao paha pnoyaohaoi HE. Ln`urkiaao ahaoya HE pnrcu hkpklkrlao apadkca tnrhapat lncufao snpnrtk= • Lncufao lcaskl HE= pgckurka, pgckhkpska, pgckjaika hao  pnouruoao dnrat dahao yaoi tkhal hapat hkmncaslao sndadoya. • Lncufao cako= cneaf dahao, lnsneutao, iatac, eata ladur, hao hksjuoisk nrnlsk paha prka, snrta prurktus vucva paha waokta.

4.0 Xnrapk HE HE Hao Lgepcklask Lgepcklask

Xumuao Xnrapk Hkadntns dnrutumuao Xumuao dnrutumuao lgepck lge pcklas laskk eklrg eklrgvas vasluc lucar ar (onurgpa (onurgpatk, tk, lgepcklask lgepck lask

alut

cak cakooy ooya, a,

enek enekok okea eack cksk skrr

uotul uotul enoiur enoiuraoi aoikk rnsklg tnrmahkoya tnrmahkoya pnoyalkt pnoyalkt onjrgp onjrgpatk atk,, rnt rntkog kogpar partk) tk) hao hao ealrgva ealrgvaslu slucar car hao lneuoi lneuoilko lkoao ao tnrmahkoya tnrmahkoya fkpgic fkpgickln klneka eka,, enoiur enoiuraoi aoikk

egrtacktas, egrtackta s, hao enokoilatlao luacktas luacktas fkhup fkhup paskno. Aiar tnr`apakoya tumuao tnrsndut, pnenrgcnfao pnenrgcn fao lgohksk yaoi sndksa euoi euoilk lko o enohnlatk ogregi ogregick cklne lneka ka enomahk jaltgr yaoi saoiat pnotkoi pnotkoi yaoi hapat hkdaotu hkdaotu hnoiao hnoiao nhulask nhulask paskno paskno hnoiao `ara yaoi yaoi tnpat. Rnonotu Rnonotuao ao mnok mnokss tnrapk yaoi yaoi alao hkt hktnra nraplao plao paha paskno paskno hkadntns hkadntns enck encktu tuss dnriao dnriaotu tuoi oi paha sasarao sasarao

ic ickl klne neka ka,,

tk tkoi oila latt

Pncj-

egoktgrkoi gj dcggh icu`gsn (PEDI), faskc faskc umk fnegicgd fnegicgdko ko A1`, tnlaoaoao haraf, cnvnc cnvnc ckpk ckpkh, h, faskc faskc pnoin`nlao pnoin`nlao pnrlnedaoi pnrlnedaoiao ao lgepck lgepcklas laskk sn`ara rniucn rniucnr, r, pgca ealao hao gcafra gcafraia, ia, snrta waltu pnoiiuoaao gdat. Mnoks Xnrapk Hkadntns Enccktus Pn`ara Pn` ara ueue ueue tnrapk hkadntns enck encktu tuss tnrdaik atas hua daikao, daikao, yaktu yaktu tnrapk tnra pk ogo- jarealgcgik hao tnrapk jarealgcgik. 1. Xnra Xnrapk pk OgoOgo-Ja Jare real algc gcgi gikk Xn Xnra rapk pk ogo ogo-jarealg lgccgi gikk enr nrup upal alao ao cao caoilaf tn tnra rapk pk

awac awac

ya yao oi

saoi oiat at

hkr hkrnlge nlgenoha nohaskl sklao ao daik paskno hkadntns hkadntns enck encktu tuss dakl dakl tkpn tkpn 1 atau puo puo tkpn tkpn 4. Dndnrapa fac ya yaoi oi

fa faru russ

hkpn hkpnrf rfat atkl klao ao

ha haca cae e tnrapk tnrapk ogo-ja ogo-jare realg algcg cgik ik ahaca ahacaf f eala ealaoa oao, o, altkv altkvkt ktas as,,

 pnoiat  pno iatura urao o dnrat dahao, dahao, hao psk psklgc lgcgik giks. s. Rnoiatur Rnoia turao ao asupao ealaoao ealaoao pnotkoi pnotkoi hacae hacae tnrapk ogo-jare ogo-jarealg algcgi cgikk aiar tnr`apak

 

entadgcksen entadgc ksen yaoi gptkeac hk hacae tuduf. Daik pnohnrkta hkadntns hkadn tns encc encckt ktus us tkpn 1, jglus tnrapk yaoi hkcalulao ahacaf daiakea daiakeaoa oa `araoya enoiatur enoiatur lnsnkedaoiao lnsnkedaoiao aotara ahekokst ahekokstrask rask kosu kosuck cko o hao asupao ealaoao yaoi easul easul lnhacae tuduf snfk snfkoii oiiaa tnr`apak dnrat dnr at daha d ahao o yaoi khnac. khn ac. Pnenota Pnenotara ra paha paskno hkadntns hkadntns enc ncck ckttus tkpn tkpn 4, dkasao dkasaoya ya hktntaplao datas lacgrk yaoi hklgos hklgosues ueskk uo uotu tul l pnouruoa pnouruoao o dnrat dahao. Fac tnrsndut tnrsndut hksndadlao larnoa larnoa sndaikao sndaikao dnsar  hkadntns enccktus tkpn 4 tnrmahk alkdat ahaoya gdnsktas. Oaeuo, Lnedack caik aturao hknt yaoi hktntaplao dnriaotuoi hark dghy eass kohnx ( DEK ) . Pnenotara hnoiao dnraltkvktas hnoiao gcafraia hapat enokoilatlao snosktkvktas kosucko hao enoiuraoik jaltgr rnsklg larhkagvaslucar larnoa dnrlaktao hnoiao pnouruoao dnrat  dahao.  daha o. Altk Altkvk vkta tass yaoi yaoi hkpk hkpkck ckf f fnoha fnohaloy loyaa yaoi yaoi hksula hksulakk gcnf gcnf paskno paskno tnr tnrsnd sndut ut sn snfk fkoi oiia ia dk dksa sa hkca hkcalu lulao lao sn`ara sn`ara lgot lgotko kou u dnrlaca dnrlaca.. Oaeu Oaeuo, o, pnrcu pnrcu hk hkpnr pnrfat fatkl klao ao daik paskno paskno-pas -paskno kno tnr tnrtno tnotu tu snpnrtk snpnr tk paskno paskno yaoi yaoi suhaf suhaf tua, tua, paskno paskno yaoi yaoi tkhal tkhal luat luat dnrinra dnrinral l daoyal, daoyal, paskno paskno hnoiao hnoiao jaltgr rnsklg larhkgvaslucar larhkgvaslucar euct euctkp kpnc nc,, paskno lgepcklask lgepcklask lncakoao lncakoao eklrgvas eklrgvasluca lucar. r. ^otul  ^otul   paskno  pas kno

yaoi yaoi

enekc nekckl klkk

art artnrg nrgslc slcnrg nrgsk sks, s, pnoiu pnoiulur lurao ao nvacuas nvacuaskk larhkg larhkgvas vasluc lucar ar hapat hk hkul ulur  ur 

uotu uotul l enoi enoint ntaf afuk uk datas altk altkvk vkta tass yaoi yaoi hapat hk hkca calu lulao lao gcnf gcnf paskno paskno tnr tnrsnd sndut. ut. Hk sk sksk sk ca cako ko,,  pskl  ps klgc gcgi giks ks dnrlakta dnrlaktao o hnoiao hnoiao pnrasaao cntkf cntkf hark paskno paskno hkadntns hkadntns enccktus tnr tnrfaha fahap p pnoya pnoyalk lktt yaoi hkekcklkoya snfkoiia alao enepnoiarufk hark snik easacaf lnpatufao gdat. 4.

Xnrapk jarealgcgik Xnrapk jarealgcgik enrupalao tnrapk hnoiao enckdatlao pnoigdatao. Paepak tafu tafuo o 1; 1;;> ;> pn pnoig oigda data tao o sn sn`a `ara ra ja jare real algc gcgi giks ks faoya faoya tn tnrd rdat atas as

pa paha ha pn pnoii oiiuo uoaa aao o

sucjgokcurna hao entjgreko. Rnoigdatao lneuhkao tnrus dnrlnedaoi snfkoiia snlaraoi  daoyal mnoks gdat yaoi hapat hkiuoalao uotul pnoigdatao pnoi gdatao daik paskno hkadntns enccktus tkpn 4 sn snpn pnrrtk α-ic -icklgs klgskkhasn hasn kofk ofkdkt dktgr, gr, dk dkiu iuao aokkha, ha, enic nickto tokh khns ns,, rns nsnp npttgr α, tkazgckhkohkgo,HRR-KZ kofkdktgrs hao sucjgokcurna.

 

DAD KKK RNO^X^R

0.1 Lnskep Lnskepucao ucao

Hkadntns enccktus ahacaf suatu pnoyalkt lrgoks hkeaoa griao paolrnas tkhal tkh al eneprg eneprghul hulsk sk `ulup `ulup kosuck kosucko o atau atau lntkla lntkla tuduf tuduf tk tkhal hal njnltk njnltkjj hacae hacae enoiiuo eno iiuoala alaooya ooya.. Hkadnt Hkadntns ns encckt enccktus us ahacaf ahacaf iaoiiua iaoiiuao o entadgc entadgckse ksenn yaoi yaoi sn`ara sn` ara inontks inontks hao lckoks lckoks tnreas tnreasul ul fntnrg fntnrgino ino hnoiao hnoiao eaokjn eaokjnsta stask sk dnrupa dnrupa fkcaoioya tgcnraosk lardgfkhrat. Hkadntns Enccktus hktniallao atas hasar pnenrklsaao lahar iculgsa haraf. Hkaiogsks tkhal hapat hktniallao atas hasar ahaoya iculgsurka. Xumuao Xumu ao Xnrapk Hkadntns dnrutumuao dnrutumuao

uotul uotul enoiur enoiuraoi aoikk rnsklg

tnrmahkoya tnrmahkoya

 pnoya  pn oyalk lktt lgepc lgepckl klas askk ek eklr lrgv gvas aslu luca carr (o (onur nurgpa gpatk tk,, onjr onjrgpa gpatk tk,, rntk rntkog ogpar partk tk)) hao hao ealrgvasluca ealrgv aslucarr hao

lgepcklask lgepcklask

alut

cak cakooy ooya, a,

enek enekok okea eack cksk skrr

lneuoil lneuoilkoa koao o

tnrmahkoya tnrm ahkoya fkpgic fkpgickln klnek eka, a, enoiu enoiura raoik oik egrtackt egrtacktas, as, hao enokoilat enokoilatlao lao luacktas luacktas fkhup fkhup  paskn  pas kno. o. Pn`ara Pn`ara ueue ueue tn tnrap rapkk HE aha hua yaktu yaktu tn tnrap rapkk ogo-j ogo-jar area ealgc lgcgik gik hao jarealgcgik.

0.4 0.4 Para Parao o

1. Rnohnr Rnohnrkta kta hkadnt hkadntns ns encck enccktus tus Rnohnrkta hkndatns sndakloya uotul rutko encalulao hknt hnoiao dnoar  uotul enomaia lnduiarao tuduf hao enoigotrgc lahar iuca haraf hacae tuduf snfkoiia pnoyalktoya tkhal euhaf laeduf. 4. Xn Xnoa oaia ia ln lnsn snfa fata tao o Rnrawat hapat enednrklao nhulask eaojaat hknt hkadntns enccktus atau hapat enednrklao nhulask pnrawatao cula hkadntns enccktus.

 

HAJXAT R^PXALA

Ahkd, E., 4211. 4211. Rnointafuao Rraltks Taiae Rnoyalkt Eneatklao yaoi Rackoi Pnrkoi  Enoynraoi Lkta. Lkta. Mgimalarta= DuluDkru

Acdnrs A. T., Lrk`favsly E. ]. & Dacahy I. M., 422:. 422:. Ptrnss Xnstkoi ko Ratknots Yktf  Hkadntns Enccktus Hkaiogstk` aoh Rrgiogstk` Zacun. @kr`ucatkgo Zacun. @kr`ucatkgo ks avakcadcnvgc pp.>60>;4

Aenrk`ao Hkadntns Assg`katkgo (AHA), 4214. Hkaiogsks 4214. Hkaiogsks aoh @casskjk`atkgo gj Hkadntns  Enccktus.. Hkadntns @arn vgcuen 0> Puppcnenot 1 pp. :8-91.  Enccktus

Dfaohary D, Tag P & Paoac., 4210. Xfn Njjn`t gj Rnr`nkvnh Ptrnss aoh Jaekcy  Juo`tkgokoi go Rngpcn wktf Xypn 4 Hkadntns Enccktus. Enccktus. Mguroac gj @ckok`ac aoh Hkaiogstk` Tnsnar`f. Zgc. 9(14), pp. 4;4;-4;01

Darahnrg, E., Hayrkt, E. Y. & Pkswahk, [., 422;. L ckno ckno IaoiiuaoNohglrko= Pnrk  Asufao Lnpnrawatao. 1 nh. Malarta= NI@.

 Ogtgateghmg., 422>. Entghncgik 422>. Entghncgik Rnoncktkao Lnsnfatao. Lnsnfatao. Malarta= RX. Tkonla @kpta