Kesalahan Dan Bias GNSS

July 21, 2022 | Author: Anonymous | Category: N/A
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Fgsdidldk mdk Cbds Udmd  NKQQ S G M L @ Q W SR SRD U G S MD MD K D G-jdbi ? rgml`.pgrmdkdEnt.btgrd.da.bm rgml`.pgrmdkdEnt.btgrd.da.bm

3542  

Fgsdidldk mdk Cbds NKQQ

Ldsdkumbk Ldsdk umbk _. Dcbmbk, Dcbmbk, 4227  

Ghgf Mdrb Fgsdidldk mdk Cbds

Fgsdidldk mdk cbds NKQQ ldrus mbpgrlbtuknfdk sgadrd cdbf mdk cgkdr, fdrgkd dfdk jgjpgkndrulb ? 4.

Fgtgibtbdk bkh`rjdsb (Cdbf mdrb p`sbsb, fgagpgt fgagpgtdk, dk, pgragpdtdk, mdk wdftu) ydkn mbpgr`igl 3. Ur`sgs pgkgktudk djcbnubtds hdsg m mdrb drb sbky sbkydi di NKQQ Qtruftur mdk tbknfdt fgadknnbldk  s`htwdrg  

pgjr`sgsdk mdtd NKQQ dfdk mbpgkndrulb `igl jgfdkbsjg ydkn mbnukdfdk mdidj jgkdkndkb fgsdidldk mdk cbds

Ldsdkumbk Ldsdk umbk _. Dcbmbk, Dcbmbk, 4227  

Ugkdkn Ugkdkndkdk dkdk Mdrb Fgsdidldk mdk Cbds

Dmd cgcgrdpd adrd ydkn mdpdt mbnukdfdk mdidj jgknldmdpb fgsdidldk mdk cbds NKQQ, ydbtu ? 4. 3. 1. =.

]grdpf grdpfdk dk jgfdkbsjg jgfdkbsjg mbhhgr mbhhgrgkabkn gkabkn dktdr dktdr mdtd. Gstbjdsb pdrdjgtgr mdrb fgsdidldk fgsdidldk mdk cbds mdidj pr`sgs lbtukn pgrdtddk. Lbtukn cgsdrkyd fgsdidldk/cbds cgrmdsdrfdk mdtd ufurdk idknsukn. Nukdfdk strdtgnb pgkndjdtdk ydkn tgpdt 

7. Nukdfdk strdtgnb pgkn`idldk mdtd ydkn tgpdt. 8. Dcd Dcdbf bfdk. dk.

Ldsdkumbk Ldsdk umbk _. Dcbmbk, Dcbmbk, 4227  

Fgsdidldk mdk Cbds NKQQ

Ldsdkumbk Ldsdk umbk _. Dcbmbk, Dcbmbk, 4227  

Fgsdidldk @rcbt Qdtgibt Fgsdidldk `rcbt dmdidl fgsdidldk mbjdkd p`sbsb sdtgibt ydkn mbidp`rfdk `igl gplgjgrbs sdtgibt tbmdf sdjd mgkndk p`sbsb sdtgibt ydkn sgcgkdrkyd Fgsdidldk `rcbt sdtgibt pdmd mdsdr dsdrky kyd d mbsg mbsgc cdcfd dcfdk k `igl `igl fgtb fgtbnd nd hdft` dft`r r cgrbf cgrbfut ut sg sgad adrd rd cgrs cgrsdj djdd ddk k, ydbtu ? 4. Fgfur gfurd dknkn-tgib tgibtb tbdk dk pdmd dmd pr`sg sgs s pgrlbtukndk `rcbt sdtgibt sdtgibt 3. Fgsd Fgsdid idld ldk k mdidj didj prgm prgmbf bfsb sb `rcb `rcbt t uktuf ktuf pgrb pgrb` `mg wdftu ftu sg sgtg tgid idl l upi`dmbkn  

 

1.

Ugkg Ugkgrd rdp pdk   Qgigatbvg Qgigatbvg

Fgsdidldk @rcbt Qdtgibt

Ldsdk Ldsdkumbk umbkbibty  _. Dcbmbk, Dcbmbk , 4227 Dvdbidcbibty  dbidc

Ldsdkumbk Ldsdk umbk _. Dcbmbk, Dcbmbk, 4227  

Fgtgibtbdk Bkh`rjdsb @rcbt NKQQ ]bknfdt Fgtgibtbdk

Ldsdkumbk Ldsdk umbk _. Dcbmbk, Dcbmbk, 355=  

Fgsdidldk Odj Qdtgibt Fgsdi dldk k od odj j dmdidl fgsdidldk Fgsdidld mbjdkd mbjd kd odj sdtg sdtgibt ibt ydkn ydkn mbidp` mbidp`rf rfdk dk `igl `i gl sd sdtg tgib ibtt tbm tbmdf df sdjd sdjd mg mgkn kndk dk od odj j ydkn ydk n dm dmd d mb rgagbvgr NKQQ Mdidj didj pgsd pgsdk k kdvb kdvbn ndsb dsb NKQQ NKQQ,, dmd dmd cgcg cg cgrd rdp pd pdrdj drdjgt gtgr gr wdftu dftu ydkn dkn mbcdwd mbcdw d ydbtu   d`  , d4  ,   mdk   d3  ydkn jgrgprgsgktdsbfdk ? - `hhsgt `hhsgt wdftu, dftu, - `hhsgt `hhsgt hrgfug hrgfugksb ksb,, - mdk hrgqugkay hrgqugkay mrbht mdrb odj sdtgibt

Ldsdkumbk Ldsdk umbk _. Dcbmbk, Dcbmbk, 4227  

 Dktb tbQp Qp``h ``hbk bkn n(DQ)  Dk

Ldsdkumbk Ldsdk umbk _. Dcbmbk, Dcbmbk, 4227  

QgigatbvgDvdbidcbibty(QD)

Ldsdkumbk Ldsdk umbk _. Dcbmbk, Dcbmbk, 355=  

QgigatbvgDvdbidcbibty(QD) ’



fgtbfd jdsbl dmd

Ldsdkumbk Ldsdk umbk _. Dcbmbk, Dcbmbk, 355=  

Djcbnubtds Hdsg (K) Djc Djcbnu bnubt btds ds hds hdsg g (K (K)) mdr mdrbb pg pgkn kndjd djdtd tdk k hds hdsg g sbk sbkyd ydii NK NKQQ QQ dmd dmdid idl l  oujidl ngi`jc ngi`jcdkn dkn pgkul ydkn tbmdf tgruf tgrufur ur `igl rgagbvgr NKQQ NK QQ.. Wk Wktu tuf f mdp mdpdt dt jg jgrg rgf` f`ks kstr truf ufsb sb od odrrdf uf ufur urdk dk dkt dktdr drd d sdtgib sdtg ibtt md mdk k dk dktg tgkk kkd d jdfd jdfd ld ldrn rnd d K ld ldru russ tg tgri rigc gcbl bl md mdlu luiu iu mbtgktufdk •





  Jgr Jgrup updfdk dfdk cbidkndk cbidkndk cuid cuidt (fgibpd (fgibpdtdk tdk pdkodkn dkodkn ngi`jcdkn)   Qgt Qgtbdp bdp sdtgb sdtgbt t jgjpuk jgjpuky ydb ldr ldrnd djcbnu djcbnubt btds ds hdsg ydkn cgrcgmd cg rcgmd sdtu sdjd idbkkyd idb kkyd   Qgpdkodkn   rgagbvgr    jgkn jgkndj djd dtb sb sbky kydi di sg sgad adrd rd f`ktb `ktbky kyu u (tbm (tbmdf df tgro tgrodm dmbb   ay ayaig si sibp bps  s ),   jdfd djcb dj cbnu nubt btds ds hdsg dsg dfdk dfdk sg sgid idi iu sdjd sdjd ldr ldrndky ndkyd d uktuf sgtbdp gp`f pgkndjdtdk

Ldsdkumbk Ldsdk umbk _. Dcbmbk, Dcbmbk, 4227  

Djcbnubtds  Djcbnubt Hdsg ds- Sgs`iusb Djcbnubtds pdmd Djcbnubtds hdsg pdmd dmd ujujkyd ujujkyd mbtgktufdk pdmd •





pgkndjdtdk  m`ucig-mbhhgrgkag     Ugkgktud Ugkgktudk k ldrnd ldrnd cbidkndk cuidt cuidt mdrb djcbnubtds hdsg cufdkidl sudtu tunds ydkn jumdl mbsgigs mbs gigsdbf dbfdk dk,, tgrut tgr utdjd djd fdid fdidu mbidfu mbidfufdk fdk uktuf sdjcbi sdjcbi cgrngrdf (`k-tlg-hiy djcbnubty rgs`iutb`k )    Dm Dmd d 1 dspgf ydkn ydkn ldrus ldrus mbpgrlbtuk mbpgrlbtuknfdk nfdk sgadrd cdbf ? • • •

   Gibjbkdsb mdk cbds Ng`jgtrbfgsdidldk sdtgibt-pgkndjdt sdtgibt-pgkndjd t   ]gfkbf rgs`iusb djcbnubtds djcbnubtds

Ldsdkumbk Ldsdk umbk _. Dcbmbk, Dcbmbk, 4227  

Ayaig Qibps Ayaig Qibps dmd dmdidl idl hg hgk`j k`jgk gkd d mbj mbjdkd dkd rgagbvgr NK NKQQ QQ fdr fdrgk gkd d sg sgsu sudt dtu u ldi “



tgrputus mdi mdidj dj pg pgkn kndjd djdtd tdk k sbk sbkyd ydii NKQQ

Ayaig sibp mdpdt mbsgcdcfdk `igl cgcgrdpd ldi sgpgrtb ?   Jgjdtbfdk mdk jgknlbmupfdk jgknlbmup fdk   rgagbvgr  NKQQ  NKQQ   @cstr @cstruf ufsb sb mdrb sbkydi sbkydi NKQQ ydkn mbsgcdcfd mbsgcdcfdk k `igl cdknukd cdknukdk, k, p`l`k, ogjcd og jcdtdk, tdk, mii   Mbkdjbfd   rgagbvgr  ydkn  ydkn tbknnb   Sgkm Sgkmdlky dlkyd d rdsb`   sbnkdi-t`-k`bsg ,   ydkn dkn cbds cbds mbsg mbsgcd cdcf cfdk dk `igl `igl dftbvbtds b`k`shbr ydkn tbknnb, juitbpdtl, mii •









  Sgagbvgr hdbiurg   

Ldsdkumbk Ldsdk umbk _. Dcbmbk, Dcbmbk, 4227  

Ayaig Qibps

dfdk jgkygcdcfdk fgtbmdff`ktbkyudk mdidj oujidl ngi`jcdkn pgkul mdrb hdsg dsg ng ng`j `jc cdk dkn n pg pgjc jcd dwd ydkn mbdjdtb Djcbnu nubt btds ds hdsg sgc sgcgi giuj uj   ayai ayaig g sib sibp  p      Djcb   pgknf`rgfsbdkkyd Ugkmgtgfsbdk   igcbl igcb l jumdl jum dl mbcdkmbkn mbcd kmbknfdk fdk mdk sg sgsu sum mdl   ay ay ai aig g si sibp bps  s    cgrcgmd igcbl ju jum mdl dfdk mb mbt tdknd dk ndkb kb pkbidbkyd dm dmd d mdtd 3   Ay Ayaig si sibp  bp     igc •







  Ayaig

sibps  

  



hrgfugksb,, fgtbjcdkn hrgfugksb fgtb jcdkn pdmd pdmd md mdtd td sd sdtu tu hrgfugksb hr gfugksb jumdl dl mbtdkndkb mbtdkndkb pdmd dmd mdtd st std dtba,   Ay Ayai aig g sib sibp  p   igcbl jum fgtbjcdkn pdmd mdtd fbkgjdtbf

Ldsdkumbk Ldsdk umbk _. Dcbmbk, Dcbmbk, 4227  

Ugkmgtgfsbdk gfsbdk AyaigQibps Jgt`mg Ugkmgt

Ldsdkumbk Ldsdk umbk _. Dcbmbk, Dcbmbk, 4227  

Ugknf`rgfsbdk AyaigQibps

Ldsdkumbk Ldsdk umbk _. Dcbmbk, Dcbmbk, 4227  

Cbds ]r`p`shbr

Ldsdkumbk Ldsdk umbk _. Dcbmbk, Dcbmbk, 4227  

Cbds ]r`p`shbr

Ldsdkumbk Ldsdk umbk _. Dcbmbk, Dcbmbk, 4227

 

Ldsdkumbk Ldsdk umbk _. Dcbmbk, Dcbmbk, 422>  

Ldsdkumbk Ldsdk umbk _. Dcbmbk, Dcbmbk, 422>

 

Cbds B`k`shbr

Ldsdkumbk Ldsdk umbk _. Dcbmbk, Dcbmbk, 4227  

Cbds B`k`shbr

Ldsdkumbk Ldsdk umbk _. Dcbmbk, Dcbmbk, 4227  

Cbds B`k`shbr

Ldsdkumbk Ldsdk umbk _. Dcbmbk, Dcbmbk, 4227  

Qdtgib Qdt gibtt NKQ NKQQ Q

]`tdi Gigatr`k A`ktgkt (]GA) dmdidl ouj dmdidl oujidl idl fdkmuknd fdkm ukndk k gigat gigatr`k r`k sgpdkodkn sgpdk odkn sbk sbkydi ydi sdt sdtgibt gibt ]GA

Idpbsdk Idpb sdk B`k`shbr B`k`shbr

BUU (B`k`shbr Ubgrag U`bkt)

mdidj sd mdidj sdtud tudk k ]GA ukb ukbtt (4 ]GA ukbt ? 45 [48 gigatr`k/j[3) mblbtukn mgkn mblbtukn mgkndk dk jgt`mg jgt `mg f` f`jcbk jcbkdsb dsb dktdr dkt drd d pgk pgknuf nufur urdk dk hd hdsg sg mdk psgu psgum`-r m`-rdkng dkng ydkn jgrupdfd jgru pdfdk k ]GA jbrbkn jbrbkn (Q]GA).

_‒

Fgtbknnbdk 75-4555 Fj

]GA

Ugrjufddk Cujb

Sgagbvgr NKQQ

X]GA (Xgrtbadi ]`tdi Gigatr`k A`ktgkt)

 

Qdtgib Qdt gibtt NKQ NKQQ Q

]`tdi Gigatr`k A`ktgkt (]GA)

_‒

Idpbsdk Idpb sdk B`k`shbr B`k`shbr

BUU (B`k`splgrba Ubgrag U`bkt) Fgtbknnbdk 75-4555 Fj

Mgitd Q : Udtl Mgidy (m.B`k`shbr) h: hrgfugksb ngi`jcdkn U : hdsg

Ugrjufddk Cujb

Sgagbvgr NKQQ

X]GA (Xgrtbadi ]`tdi Gigatr`k A`ktgkt)

 

Q]GA mdk X]GA

Ldsdkumbk Ldsdk umbk _. Dcbmbk, Dcbmbk, 4227  

Sgnb`kbsdsb Dftbvbtds B`k`shbr

Ldsdkumbk Ldsdk umbk _. Dcbmbk, Dcbmbk, 4227  

Xdrbdsb Ldrbdk ]GA

Ldsdkumbk Ldsdk umbk _. Dcbmbk, Dcbmbk, 4227  

Ugrgmufsbdk Ghgf B`k`shbr

Ldsdkumbk Ldsdk umbk _. Dcbmbk, Dcbmbk, 4227  

J`mgi Fi`cualdr - MWIW

Ldsdkumbk Ldsdk umbk _. Dcbmbk, Dcbmbk, 4227  

Juitbpdtl

Ldsdkumbk Ldsdk umbk _. Dcbmbk, Dcbmbk, 4227  

Juitbpdtl

Ldsdkumbk Ldsdk umbk _. Dcbmbk, Dcbmbk, 4227  

Ugrgmufsbdk Ghgf Juitbpdtl

Ldsdkumbk Ldsdk umbk _. Dcbmbk, Dcbmbk, 4227  

Ugrngrdfdk Uusdt Hdsg Dktgkd

Ldsdkumbk Ldsdk umbk _. Dcbmbk, Dcbmbk, 4227  

Ugrngrdfdk Uusdt Hdsg Dktgkd

Ldsdkumbk Ldsdk umbk _. Dcbmbk, Dcbmbk, 4227  

Ugrngrdfdk Uusdt Hdsg Dktgkd

Ldsdkumbk Ldsdk umbk _. Dcbmbk, Dcbmbk, 4227  

Mgrdu Sgagbvgr

dtdu dtdu ydkn ydkn cbds cbdsd d mbsg mbsgcu cutt k`bs k`bsg g dmdi dmdidl dl su sudt dtu u sbky sbkydi di ndkn ndknnu nudk dk yd ydkn kn cgrs cgrsbh bhdt dt df dfus ustb tbf f (sudrd) d),, gigftrbs, jdupuk gigftr`kbs ydkn

Mgrdu

ldmb ld rr` mdid md j su sudt u sbst sbcgk stgj gj (rdk dknf nfdb dbdk dk ibst strb rbf/ f/ gig gigmbr ft ftr kbf kbidj fd) mdidj didtu dj cg ktu tuf f(r ndknn dk nnu udkib ydkn dk n cufdk cuf dk jgrup jgrupdfd dfdk k sbkyd sbkydii ydkn ydkn mbbknb mbbknbkf kfdk. dk. Cgrdrtb, mgrdu rgagbvgr dmdidl sudtu ndknnudk ydkn mbmdpdtfdk `igl rgagbvgr NKQQ ydkn NKQQ dkn jgky gkygcd gcdcfdk cfdk ndknn dknnud udk k sb sbk kydi NKQQ ydkn mdtdkn mdrb sdtgibt jgkuou rgagbvgr rgag bvgr NKQQ. NKQQ.

 

Bjdnbkn

Ldsdkumbk Ldsdk umbk _. Dcbmbk, Dcbmbk, 4227  

Bjdnbkn

Ldsdkumbk Ldsdk umbk _. Dcbmbk, Dcbmbk, 4227  

Bjdnbkn

Ldsdkumbk Ldsdk umbk _. Dcbmbk, Dcbmbk, 4227  

Fgsdidldk Odj Sgagbvgr

Ldsdkumbk Ldsdk umbk _. Dcbmbk, Dcbmbk, 4227  

Fgsdidldk Odj Sgagbvgr

Ldsdkumbk Ldsdk umbk _. Dcbmbk, Dcbmbk, 4227  

Fgsdidldk Odj Sgagbvgr

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