Kesalahan Dan Bias GNSS
July 21, 2022 | Author: Anonymous | Category: N/A
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Description
Fgsdidldk mdk Cbds Udmd NKQQ S G M L @ Q W SR SRD U G S MD MD K D G-jdbi ? rgml`.pgrmdkdEnt.btgrd.da.bm rgml`.pgrmdkdEnt.btgrd.da.bm
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Fgsdidldk mdk Cbds NKQQ
Ldsdkumbk Ldsdk umbk _. Dcbmbk, Dcbmbk, 4227
Ghgf Mdrb Fgsdidldk mdk Cbds
Fgsdidldk mdk cbds NKQQ ldrus mbpgrlbtuknfdk sgadrd cdbf mdk cgkdr, fdrgkd dfdk jgjpgkndrulb ? 4.
Fgtgibtbdk bkh`rjdsb (Cdbf mdrb p`sbsb, fgagpgt fgagpgtdk, dk, pgragpdtdk, mdk wdftu) ydkn mbpgr`igl 3. Ur`sgs pgkgktudk djcbnubtds hdsg m mdrb drb sbky sbkydi di NKQQ Qtruftur mdk tbknfdt fgadknnbldk s`htwdrg
pgjr`sgsdk mdtd NKQQ dfdk mbpgkndrulb `igl jgfdkbsjg ydkn mbnukdfdk mdidj jgkdkndkb fgsdidldk mdk cbds
Ldsdkumbk Ldsdk umbk _. Dcbmbk, Dcbmbk, 4227
Ugkdkn Ugkdkndkdk dkdk Mdrb Fgsdidldk mdk Cbds
Dmd cgcgrdpd adrd ydkn mdpdt mbnukdfdk mdidj jgknldmdpb fgsdidldk mdk cbds NKQQ, ydbtu ? 4. 3. 1. =.
]grdpf grdpfdk dk jgfdkbsjg jgfdkbsjg mbhhgr mbhhgrgkabkn gkabkn dktdr dktdr mdtd. Gstbjdsb pdrdjgtgr mdrb fgsdidldk fgsdidldk mdk cbds mdidj pr`sgs lbtukn pgrdtddk. Lbtukn cgsdrkyd fgsdidldk/cbds cgrmdsdrfdk mdtd ufurdk idknsukn. Nukdfdk strdtgnb pgkndjdtdk ydkn tgpdt
7. Nukdfdk strdtgnb pgkn`idldk mdtd ydkn tgpdt. 8. Dcd Dcdbf bfdk. dk.
Ldsdkumbk Ldsdk umbk _. Dcbmbk, Dcbmbk, 4227
Fgsdidldk mdk Cbds NKQQ
Ldsdkumbk Ldsdk umbk _. Dcbmbk, Dcbmbk, 4227
Fgsdidldk @rcbt Qdtgibt Fgsdidldk `rcbt dmdidl fgsdidldk mbjdkd p`sbsb sdtgibt ydkn mbidp`rfdk `igl gplgjgrbs sdtgibt tbmdf sdjd mgkndk p`sbsb sdtgibt ydkn sgcgkdrkyd Fgsdidldk `rcbt sdtgibt pdmd mdsdr dsdrky kyd d mbsg mbsgc cdcfd dcfdk k `igl `igl fgtb fgtbnd nd hdft` dft`r r cgrbf cgrbfut ut sg sgad adrd rd cgrs cgrsdj djdd ddk k, ydbtu ? 4. Fgfur gfurd dknkn-tgib tgibtb tbdk dk pdmd dmd pr`sg sgs s pgrlbtukndk `rcbt sdtgibt sdtgibt 3. Fgsd Fgsdid idld ldk k mdidj didj prgm prgmbf bfsb sb `rcb `rcbt t uktuf ktuf pgrb pgrb` `mg wdftu ftu sg sgtg tgid idl l upi`dmbkn
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Ugkg Ugkgrd rdp pdk Qgigatbvg Qgigatbvg
Fgsdidldk @rcbt Qdtgibt
Ldsdk Ldsdkumbk umbkbibty _. Dcbmbk, Dcbmbk , 4227 Dvdbidcbibty dbidc
Ldsdkumbk Ldsdk umbk _. Dcbmbk, Dcbmbk, 4227
Fgtgibtbdk Bkh`rjdsb @rcbt NKQQ ]bknfdt Fgtgibtbdk
Ldsdkumbk Ldsdk umbk _. Dcbmbk, Dcbmbk, 355=
Fgsdidldk Odj Qdtgibt Fgsdi dldk k od odj j dmdidl fgsdidldk Fgsdidld mbjdkd mbjd kd odj sdtg sdtgibt ibt ydkn ydkn mbidp` mbidp`rf rfdk dk `igl `i gl sd sdtg tgib ibtt tbm tbmdf df sdjd sdjd mg mgkn kndk dk od odj j ydkn ydk n dm dmd d mb rgagbvgr NKQQ Mdidj didj pgsd pgsdk k kdvb kdvbn ndsb dsb NKQQ NKQQ,, dmd dmd cgcg cg cgrd rdp pd pdrdj drdjgt gtgr gr wdftu dftu ydkn dkn mbcdwd mbcdw d ydbtu d` , d4 , mdk d3 ydkn jgrgprgsgktdsbfdk ? - `hhsgt `hhsgt wdftu, dftu, - `hhsgt `hhsgt hrgfug hrgfugksb ksb,, - mdk hrgqugkay hrgqugkay mrbht mdrb odj sdtgibt
Ldsdkumbk Ldsdk umbk _. Dcbmbk, Dcbmbk, 4227
Dktb tbQp Qp``h ``hbk bkn n(DQ) Dk
Ldsdkumbk Ldsdk umbk _. Dcbmbk, Dcbmbk, 4227
QgigatbvgDvdbidcbibty(QD)
Ldsdkumbk Ldsdk umbk _. Dcbmbk, Dcbmbk, 355=
QgigatbvgDvdbidcbibty(QD) ’
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fgtbfd jdsbl dmd
Ldsdkumbk Ldsdk umbk _. Dcbmbk, Dcbmbk, 355=
Djcbnubtds Hdsg (K) Djc Djcbnu bnubt btds ds hds hdsg g (K (K)) mdr mdrbb pg pgkn kndjd djdtd tdk k hds hdsg g sbk sbkyd ydii NK NKQQ QQ dmd dmdid idl l oujidl ngi`jc ngi`jcdkn dkn pgkul ydkn tbmdf tgruf tgrufur ur `igl rgagbvgr NKQQ NK QQ.. Wk Wktu tuf f mdp mdpdt dt jg jgrg rgf` f`ks kstr truf ufsb sb od odrrdf uf ufur urdk dk dkt dktdr drd d sdtgib sdtg ibtt md mdk k dk dktg tgkk kkd d jdfd jdfd ld ldrn rnd d K ld ldru russ tg tgri rigc gcbl bl md mdlu luiu iu mbtgktufdk •
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Jgr Jgrup updfdk dfdk cbidkndk cbidkndk cuid cuidt (fgibpd (fgibpdtdk tdk pdkodkn dkodkn ngi`jcdkn) Qgt Qgtbdp bdp sdtgb sdtgbt t jgjpuk jgjpuky ydb ldr ldrnd djcbnu djcbnubt btds ds hdsg ydkn cgrcgmd cg rcgmd sdtu sdjd idbkkyd idb kkyd Qgpdkodkn rgagbvgr jgkn jgkndj djd dtb sb sbky kydi di sg sgad adrd rd f`ktb `ktbky kyu u (tbm (tbmdf df tgro tgrodm dmbb ay ayaig si sibp bps s ), jdfd djcb dj cbnu nubt btds ds hdsg dsg dfdk dfdk sg sgid idi iu sdjd sdjd ldr ldrndky ndkyd d uktuf sgtbdp gp`f pgkndjdtdk
Ldsdkumbk Ldsdk umbk _. Dcbmbk, Dcbmbk, 4227
Djcbnubtds Djcbnubt Hdsg ds- Sgs`iusb Djcbnubtds pdmd Djcbnubtds hdsg pdmd dmd ujujkyd ujujkyd mbtgktufdk pdmd •
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pgkndjdtdk m`ucig-mbhhgrgkag Ugkgktud Ugkgktudk k ldrnd ldrnd cbidkndk cuidt cuidt mdrb djcbnubtds hdsg cufdkidl sudtu tunds ydkn jumdl mbsgigs mbs gigsdbf dbfdk dk,, tgrut tgr utdjd djd fdid fdidu mbidfu mbidfufdk fdk uktuf sdjcbi sdjcbi cgrngrdf (`k-tlg-hiy djcbnubty rgs`iutb`k ) Dm Dmd d 1 dspgf ydkn ydkn ldrus ldrus mbpgrlbtuk mbpgrlbtuknfdk nfdk sgadrd cdbf ? • • •
Gibjbkdsb mdk cbds Ng`jgtrbfgsdidldk sdtgibt-pgkndjdt sdtgibt-pgkndjd t ]gfkbf rgs`iusb djcbnubtds djcbnubtds
Ldsdkumbk Ldsdk umbk _. Dcbmbk, Dcbmbk, 4227
Ayaig Qibps Ayaig Qibps dmd dmdidl idl hg hgk`j k`jgk gkd d mbj mbjdkd dkd rgagbvgr NK NKQQ QQ fdr fdrgk gkd d sg sgsu sudt dtu u ldi “
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tgrputus mdi mdidj dj pg pgkn kndjd djdtd tdk k sbk sbkyd ydii NKQQ
Ayaig sibp mdpdt mbsgcdcfdk `igl cgcgrdpd ldi sgpgrtb ? Jgjdtbfdk mdk jgknlbmupfdk jgknlbmup fdk rgagbvgr NKQQ NKQQ @cstr @cstruf ufsb sb mdrb sbkydi sbkydi NKQQ ydkn mbsgcdcfd mbsgcdcfdk k `igl cdknukd cdknukdk, k, p`l`k, ogjcd og jcdtdk, tdk, mii Mbkdjbfd rgagbvgr ydkn ydkn tbknnb Sgkm Sgkmdlky dlkyd d rdsb` sbnkdi-t`-k`bsg , ydkn dkn cbds cbds mbsg mbsgcd cdcf cfdk dk `igl `igl dftbvbtds b`k`shbr ydkn tbknnb, juitbpdtl, mii •
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Sgagbvgr hdbiurg
Ldsdkumbk Ldsdk umbk _. Dcbmbk, Dcbmbk, 4227
Ayaig Qibps
dfdk jgkygcdcfdk fgtbmdff`ktbkyudk mdidj oujidl ngi`jcdkn pgkul mdrb hdsg dsg ng ng`j `jc cdk dkn n pg pgjc jcd dwd ydkn mbdjdtb Djcbnu nubt btds ds hdsg sgc sgcgi giuj uj ayai ayaig g sib sibp p Djcb pgknf`rgfsbdkkyd Ugkmgtgfsbdk igcbl igcb l jumdl jum dl mbcdkmbkn mbcd kmbknfdk fdk mdk sg sgsu sum mdl ay ay ai aig g si sibp bps s cgrcgmd igcbl ju jum mdl dfdk mb mbt tdknd dk ndkb kb pkbidbkyd dm dmd d mdtd 3 Ay Ayaig si sibp bp igc •
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Ayaig
sibps
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hrgfugksb,, fgtbjcdkn hrgfugksb fgtb jcdkn pdmd pdmd md mdtd td sd sdtu tu hrgfugksb hr gfugksb jumdl dl mbtdkndkb mbtdkndkb pdmd dmd mdtd st std dtba, Ay Ayai aig g sib sibp p igcbl jum fgtbjcdkn pdmd mdtd fbkgjdtbf
Ldsdkumbk Ldsdk umbk _. Dcbmbk, Dcbmbk, 4227
Ugkmgtgfsbdk gfsbdk AyaigQibps Jgt`mg Ugkmgt
Ldsdkumbk Ldsdk umbk _. Dcbmbk, Dcbmbk, 4227
Ugknf`rgfsbdk AyaigQibps
Ldsdkumbk Ldsdk umbk _. Dcbmbk, Dcbmbk, 4227
Cbds ]r`p`shbr
Ldsdkumbk Ldsdk umbk _. Dcbmbk, Dcbmbk, 4227
Cbds ]r`p`shbr
Ldsdkumbk Ldsdk umbk _. Dcbmbk, Dcbmbk, 4227
Ldsdkumbk Ldsdk umbk _. Dcbmbk, Dcbmbk, 422>
Ldsdkumbk Ldsdk umbk _. Dcbmbk, Dcbmbk, 422>
Cbds B`k`shbr
Ldsdkumbk Ldsdk umbk _. Dcbmbk, Dcbmbk, 4227
Cbds B`k`shbr
Ldsdkumbk Ldsdk umbk _. Dcbmbk, Dcbmbk, 4227
Cbds B`k`shbr
Ldsdkumbk Ldsdk umbk _. Dcbmbk, Dcbmbk, 4227
Qdtgib Qdt gibtt NKQ NKQQ Q
]`tdi Gigatr`k A`ktgkt (]GA) dmdidl ouj dmdidl oujidl idl fdkmuknd fdkm ukndk k gigat gigatr`k r`k sgpdkodkn sgpdk odkn sbk sbkydi ydi sdt sdtgibt gibt ]GA
Idpbsdk Idpb sdk B`k`shbr B`k`shbr
BUU (B`k`shbr Ubgrag U`bkt)
mdidj sd mdidj sdtud tudk k ]GA ukb ukbtt (4 ]GA ukbt ? 45 [48 gigatr`k/j[3) mblbtukn mgkn mblbtukn mgkndk dk jgt`mg jgt `mg f` f`jcbk jcbkdsb dsb dktdr dkt drd d pgk pgknuf nufur urdk dk hd hdsg sg mdk psgu psgum`-r m`-rdkng dkng ydkn jgrupdfd jgru pdfdk k ]GA jbrbkn jbrbkn (Q]GA).
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Fgtbknnbdk 75-4555 Fj
]GA
Ugrjufddk Cujb
Sgagbvgr NKQQ
X]GA (Xgrtbadi ]`tdi Gigatr`k A`ktgkt)
Qdtgib Qdt gibtt NKQ NKQQ Q
]`tdi Gigatr`k A`ktgkt (]GA)
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Idpbsdk Idpb sdk B`k`shbr B`k`shbr
BUU (B`k`splgrba Ubgrag U`bkt) Fgtbknnbdk 75-4555 Fj
Mgitd Q : Udtl Mgidy (m.B`k`shbr) h: hrgfugksb ngi`jcdkn U : hdsg
Ugrjufddk Cujb
Sgagbvgr NKQQ
X]GA (Xgrtbadi ]`tdi Gigatr`k A`ktgkt)
Q]GA mdk X]GA
Ldsdkumbk Ldsdk umbk _. Dcbmbk, Dcbmbk, 4227
Sgnb`kbsdsb Dftbvbtds B`k`shbr
Ldsdkumbk Ldsdk umbk _. Dcbmbk, Dcbmbk, 4227
Xdrbdsb Ldrbdk ]GA
Ldsdkumbk Ldsdk umbk _. Dcbmbk, Dcbmbk, 4227
Ugrgmufsbdk Ghgf B`k`shbr
Ldsdkumbk Ldsdk umbk _. Dcbmbk, Dcbmbk, 4227
J`mgi Fi`cualdr - MWIW
Ldsdkumbk Ldsdk umbk _. Dcbmbk, Dcbmbk, 4227
Juitbpdtl
Ldsdkumbk Ldsdk umbk _. Dcbmbk, Dcbmbk, 4227
Juitbpdtl
Ldsdkumbk Ldsdk umbk _. Dcbmbk, Dcbmbk, 4227
Ugrgmufsbdk Ghgf Juitbpdtl
Ldsdkumbk Ldsdk umbk _. Dcbmbk, Dcbmbk, 4227
Ugrngrdfdk Uusdt Hdsg Dktgkd
Ldsdkumbk Ldsdk umbk _. Dcbmbk, Dcbmbk, 4227
Ugrngrdfdk Uusdt Hdsg Dktgkd
Ldsdkumbk Ldsdk umbk _. Dcbmbk, Dcbmbk, 4227
Ugrngrdfdk Uusdt Hdsg Dktgkd
Ldsdkumbk Ldsdk umbk _. Dcbmbk, Dcbmbk, 4227
Mgrdu Sgagbvgr
dtdu dtdu ydkn ydkn cbds cbdsd d mbsg mbsgcu cutt k`bs k`bsg g dmdi dmdidl dl su sudt dtu u sbky sbkydi di ndkn ndknnu nudk dk yd ydkn kn cgrs cgrsbh bhdt dt df dfus ustb tbf f (sudrd) d),, gigftrbs, jdupuk gigftr`kbs ydkn
Mgrdu
ldmb ld rr` mdid md j su sudt u sbst sbcgk stgj gj (rdk dknf nfdb dbdk dk ibst strb rbf/ f/ gig gigmbr ft ftr kbf kbidj fd) mdidj didtu dj cg ktu tuf f(r ndknn dk nnu udkib ydkn dk n cufdk cuf dk jgrup jgrupdfd dfdk k sbkyd sbkydii ydkn ydkn mbbknb mbbknbkf kfdk. dk. Cgrdrtb, mgrdu rgagbvgr dmdidl sudtu ndknnudk ydkn mbmdpdtfdk `igl rgagbvgr NKQQ ydkn NKQQ dkn jgky gkygcd gcdcfdk cfdk ndknn dknnud udk k sb sbk kydi NKQQ ydkn mdtdkn mdrb sdtgibt jgkuou rgagbvgr rgag bvgr NKQQ. NKQQ.
Bjdnbkn
Ldsdkumbk Ldsdk umbk _. Dcbmbk, Dcbmbk, 4227
Bjdnbkn
Ldsdkumbk Ldsdk umbk _. Dcbmbk, Dcbmbk, 4227
Bjdnbkn
Ldsdkumbk Ldsdk umbk _. Dcbmbk, Dcbmbk, 4227
Fgsdidldk Odj Sgagbvgr
Ldsdkumbk Ldsdk umbk _. Dcbmbk, Dcbmbk, 4227
Fgsdidldk Odj Sgagbvgr
Ldsdkumbk Ldsdk umbk _. Dcbmbk, Dcbmbk, 4227
Fgsdidldk Odj Sgagbvgr
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