Kerja Plat
June 18, 2019 | Author: Sandi Saputra | Category: N/A
Short Description
this is my job...
Description
“
KERJA K ERJA PL PL AT ” ”
DISUSUN OLEH : KELOMPOK 1
Nama
: 1. Agi Nopriansyah 2. Dede Kurniawan 3. Eko Prasetio 4. M. Alfredo Handika 5. R. Abdul Agung 6. Sandi Saputra
Kelas
: 2MB
Guru Pembimbing
: Fenoria Putri, S.T
TEKNIK MESIN 2013
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KERJA PL PL AT TEKNOLOGI TEKNOLOGI M EKANIK 2
KATA PENGANTAR
Segala puji bagi Allah, Tuhan semesta alam, karena atas berkat rahmat dan karunia-Nya kami dapat menyelesaikan makalah kami yang berjudul Kerja Plat sesuai dengan rencana. rencana. “
”
Dalam makalah ini disajikan dengan pola dan bahasa yang sistematis dan sederhana sehingga mudah dipahami oleh pembacanya. Pada setiap pokok bahasan kami tampilkan penjelasan serta gambar-gambar atau ilustrasi yang berkaitan dengan judul yang kami bahas dalam makalah ini. Dengan cara penyusunan yang menarik, kami berharap makalah ini dapat berguna sebagai sarana pendukung proses belajar mengajar dan dapat dijadikan pedoman dalam praktek bengkel agar mahasiswa mampu menjalankan prinsip keselamatan kerja guna memperkecil resiko kecelakaan kerja. Namun, tidak ada di dunia ini yang sempurna kecuali Allah Swt. Maka dari itu, kami sangat mengharapkan kritik dan saran dari para pembaca guna perbaikan di masa mendatang. Dan
kepada
dosen
pembimbing
kami
mohon
bimbingannya
agar
kami
menyempurnakannya.
Palembang, Maret 2013
Penyusun
dapat
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KERJA PL PL AT TEKNOLOGI TEKNOLOGI M EKANIK 2
DAFTAR ISI
Halaman Judul ...................................................................................................................
1
Kata Pengantar ...................................................................................................................
2
Daftar Isi .............................................................................................................................
3
Bab I Pembahasan .............................................................................................................
4
I.1 Pengertian Kerja Plat .................................................... ...................................................................................................... ..................................................
4
I.2 Jenis-Jenis Plat .................................................... ......................................................................................................... ............................................................ .......
4
I.3 Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja Plat ......................................... .................................
4
I.4 Klasifikasi Alat Ukur dan Alat Gambar Kerja Plat ................................................... .....
9
I.5 Klasifikasi Peralatan Kerja Plat ............................................ ..........................................
12
I.6 Klasifikasi Mesin-mesin Kerja Plat ...................................... ..........................................
21
I.7 Prosedur Mengukur, Menandai dan Menggores Plat ................................................ .....
25
I.8 Langkah-Langkah Pengerjaan Pada Kerja Plat ............................................... ...............
30
I.9 Perhitungan Pada Kerja Plat ....................................... ....................................................
45
Bab II Penutup ...................................................................................................................
47
II.1 Kesimpulan ............................................... ...................................................... ..................................................................... ...............
47
II.2 Saran ................................................ ...................................................... .............................................................................. ........................
47
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KERJA PL PL AT TEKNOLOGI TEKNOLOGI M EKANIK 2
BAB I PEMBAHASAN
I.1 Pengertian Kerja Plat Kerja Pelat ialah pengerjaan benda-benda jadi dari lempengan pelat dengan ketentuan ukuran ketebalan dibawah 3mm, yang dibentuk sedemikian juga agar dapat membentuk suatu benda yang dapat digunakan. Pengerjaan plat adalah pengerjaan membentuk dan menyambung logam lembaran (plat) sehingga sesuai dengan bentuk dan ukuran yang sudah direncanakan.
I.2 Jenis-Jenis Plat
I.3 Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja Plat Pengerjaan pelat merupakan salah satu jenis pekerjaan yang melibatkan banyak proses kerja dan menggunakan berbagai macam peralatan, baik peralatan tangan maupun mesin-mesin. Dengan demikian resiko terjadinya kecelakaan dan gangguan kesehatan cukup tinggi dan perlu menjadi perhatian baik sebelum melakukan pekerjaan, saat bekerja maupun setelah bekerja. Kecelakaan atau gangguan kesehatan dapat disebabkan oleh faktor operator atau teknisi itu sendiri, mesin dan alat-alat kerja, atau lingkungan kerja. Namun secara umum ada beberapa penyebab terjadinya kecelakaan dan gangguan k esehatan bila melakukan pekerjaan pelat, yaitu :
kelalaian operator/ teknisi
alat-alat atau mesin yang tidak dilengkapi oleh pengaman
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KERJA PL PL AT TEKNOLOGI TEKNOLOGI M EKANIK 2
debu, racun atau bahan-bahan yang berbahaya
suara diatas standar pendengaran, dll.
a. Kelalai an
Kelalaian dalam bekerja adalah penyebab kecelakaan kerja yang sering terjadi pada kerja pelat. Bentuk kelalaian tersebut diantaranya adalah : tidak mengikuti instruksi dan prosedur kerja yang ditentukan, tidak menggunakan alat keselamatan dan kesehatan kerja yang dianjurkan, melakukan tindakan “bodoh “bodoh”” ( bermain-main bermain-main sambil bekerja ), dan tidak peduli dengan daya tahan tubuh dalam bekerja sehingga terjadi kelelahan kerja , dll.
Gambar Gambar 1 : Contoh Contoh Tindakan Lalai b. Al at dan dan M esin Ti dak Dil engkapi Pengaman Pengaman
Kondisi alat-alat atau mesin-mesin yang tidak dilengkapi pengaman akan sangat memungkinkan terjadinya keselakaan, terutama jika pada kondisi tersebut tidak adanya rambu- rambu peringatan serta kurangnya kuran gnya kepedulian terhadap ancaman bahaya kecelakaan. Biasanya peralatan/ mesin kerja pelat yang memerlukan pengaman adalah : mesin potong ( shearing ( shearing machine ), mesin pon ( punching ( punching machine ) dan gergaji pita, dll.
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KERJA PL PL AT TEKNOLOGI TEKNOLOGI M EKANIK 2
c. Al at dan dan M esin Ti dak Layak Pakai
Alat-alat dan mesin yang tidak layak pakai atau kurang perawatan akan menyebabkan alat dan mesin tersebut tidak berfungsi sebagaimana mestinya sehingga akan menimbulkan bahaya kapan saja tanpa ada peringatan. d. Se Sengatan L istri k
Sengatan listrik pada kerja pelat agak jarang terjadi, karena secara umum proses pengerjaan tidak berhubungan langsung arus listrik. Kecelakaan oleh sengatan listrik biasanya terjadi lebih dikarenakan oleh faktor alat/ mesin yang rusak atau oleh faktor manusianya ( lalai atau salah pengoperasian ). e. Debu, Racun Racun atau B ahan-bahan yang Berbahaya
Kecelakaan atau gangguan kesehatan yang disebabkan oleh debu, racun dan bahan-bahan berbahaya kadangkala tidak dirasakan pada saat bekerja, tetapi akan dirasakan setelah beberapa waktu kemudian ( sete lah bekerja ). Misalnya, seringnya menghirup debu atau zat-zat beracun akan mengakibatkan gangguan pernafasan setelah sekian lama bekerja.
Gambar 3 : Contoh Pr ose oses Kerj a yang yang M enghasilk an Debu Debu f. Suara di atas Standar Pendengaran Pendengaran M anusia
Pada bengkel kerja pelat secara umum akan menimbulkan suara sekitar 100 dB (decibel ), ), adapun standar kemampuan pendengaran manusia adalah sekitar 90 dB untuk bekerja selama 8 jam dan akan mengganggu ( merasa sakit ) pendengaran bila suara
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KERJA PL PL AT TEKNOLOGI TEKNOLOGI M EKANIK 2
Adapun mesin-mesin atau proses kerja pelat yang dapat menimbulkan gangguan pendengaran diantaranya adalah : mesin pengeling pneumatik, alat peniup / udara tekanan tinggi yang digunakan tanpa penyaring, proses pembentukan pelat-pelat dengan menggunakan palu baja, menggerinda pelat-pelat yang tidak terikat dengan kuat, dsb.
Gambar 4 : Contoh Gangguang oleh oleh Suar Suar a
Berdasarkan uraian di atas, terlihat bahwa kemungkinan-kemungkinan terjadinya kecelakaan dan ganguan kesehatan sangatlah beragam, tapi secara umum yang sering terjadi pada kerja pelat adalah : luka, terpotong dan memar/ benturan, sedang gangguan pernafasan dan penglihatan serta gangguan pendengaran agak jarang terjadi. Karena kecelakaan dan gangguan kesehatan akan merugikan banyak fihak, baik itu pekerja atau teknisi yang bekerja, kegiatan produksi maupun lingkungannya, maka perlu upaya-upaya pencegahan agar resiko kecelakaan dan g angguan kesehatan tersebut dapat dikurangi atau dihindarkan.
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KERJA PL PL AT TEKNOLOGI TEKNOLOGI M EKANIK 2
4.
Peralatan dan bahan-bahan ditempatkan secara aman.
5.
Lantai bengkel selalu bersih dan tidak ada tumpahan / ceceran minyak atau oli.
6.
Ruangan kerja dilengkapi dengan penerangan/ pencahayaan yang cukup dan sirkulasi udara yang memadai.
7.
Tersedianya alat-alat keselamatan dan kesehatan kerja yang sesuai dengan jenis pekerjaan.
8.
Adanya rambu-rambu/ petunjuk penggunaan alat keselamatan dan kesehatan kerja.
PERLENGKAPAN KESELAMATAN DAN KESEHATAN KERJA PELAT
1.
Helm pengaman
2.
Pengaman telinga
3.
Saringan pernafasan
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KERJA PL PL AT TEKNOLOGI TEKNOLOGI M EKANIK 2
6.
Sepatu kerja
I.4 Klasifikasi Alat Ukur dan Alat Gambar Kerja Plat I.4.1 Mistar Baja
Mistar baja adalah alat ukur yang terbuat dari baja tahan karat. Permukaan dan bagian sisinya rata dan halus, di atasnya terdapat guratan-guratan ukuran, ada yang dalam satuan inchi, sentimeter dan ada pula yang gabungan inchi dan sentimeter/milimete sentimeter/milimeter. r.
I.4.2 Penggores Penggores adalah alat untuk menggores diatas benda logam atau plat.
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I.4.3 Penitik Penitik adalah enitik adalah alat untuk membuat titik pusat lengkung atau titik-titik pada benda kerja.
I.4.4 Kongkol Penggores Kongkol penggores adalah perkembangan dari jangka sorong dengan skala utamanya terdapat pada posisi vertical dari frame dan dilengkapi dilengkapi dengan dasar/base. dasar/base. Cara pembacaannya pembacaannya sama dengan jangka sorong biasa, kecuali pembacaannya pembacaannya harus dilakukan dari rahang tidak tetap terhadap bidang dasar.
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KERJA PL PL AT TEKNOLOGI TEKNOLOGI M EKANIK 2
Jangka sorong adalah alat ukur yang ketelitiannya dapat mencapai seperseratus milimeter. Terdiri dari dua bagian, bagian diam dan bagian bergerak.Pada alat ukur ini terdapat dua skala pengukuran yang dipergunakan, yaitu skala utama dan skala nonius.
I.4.6 Mikrometer Sekrup
Untuk pekerjaan yang presisi diperlukan alat ukur dengan ketelitian yang sangat tinggi. Jangka sorong tidak dapat mengukur dengan ketelitian 0,01 mm secara tepat, karena itu dibuat micrometer yang mampu mengukur dengan ketelitian 0,01 mm sampai 0,002 mm.
I.4.7 Penyiku Penyiku adalah alat yang digunakan untuk melihat kesikuan dari benda kerja atau plat.
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KERJA PL PL AT TEKNOLOGI TEKNOLOGI M EKANIK 2
I.4.9 Mistar Siku
I.4.10 Roll Meter Roll Meter adalah alat untuk mengukur benda kerja yang berukuran panjang y.
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KERJA PL PL AT TEKNOLOGI TEKNOLOGI M EKANIK 2
C. Gunting Bulldog Terbuat dari baja campuran, mempunyai sisi potong yang lebih pendek. Digunakan untuk memotong baja tahan karat, kapasitas pemotongan 1,5mm, panjangnya sisi potong +6mm, panjang keseluruhan 10-42mm. D. Gunting Ganda Gunting ganda mempunyai dua sisi potong, yang digunakan untuk memotong 3mm denngan hasil yang sangat rata. I.5.1.2 Gunting untuk Pemotongan Lengkung A. Gunting Lingkaran
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KERJA PL PL AT TEKNOLOGI TEKNOLOGI M EKANIK 2
C. Gunting Troyan Digunakan untuk pemotongan lurus dan lengkung, dibuat dari baja tempa berkualitas tinggi. Sisi potongnya cukup kecil yang memungkinkan untuk pemotongan tajam tanpa membengkokkan pelat. Ukuran guntung sisi potong 50mm, panjang seluruh 300mm.
D. Gunting Dirgantara Mempunyai sisi potong 50mm, panjang 250mm. Sisi potong dibuat dari baja yang dikeraskan. Digunakan untuk pemotongan lurus, lengkung, lingkaran, dan bentuk bentuk tak beraturan.
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KERJA PL PL AT TEKNOLOGI TEKNOLOGI M EKANIK 2
I.5.1.3 Pelubang Pelubang adalah alat untuk melubangi plat, alat ini dapat berupa bor atau pelubang tusuk (punch), pelubang ada 3 macam: A. Pelubang Tusuk Pejal Pelubang tusuk pejal ada yang berbentuk bulat dan segi enam, terbuat dari baja yang dikeraskan. Kemampuan pelubang ini dibawah 0,5mm, dengan diameter lubang 2,5mm-12,5mm.
B. Pelubang Tusuk Berlubang Digunakan untuk melubangi plat dengan diameter 6-100m.
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KERJA PL PL AT TEKNOLOGI TEKNOLOGI M EKANIK 2
I.5.1.4 Palu A. Palu Baja (Standar) Palu baja yang digunakan pada kerja plat adalah: 1. Palu Konde Digunakan untuk mengguatkan sambungan dan membentuk kepala paku keling. 2. Palu Pena Digunakan untuk meratakan sambungan, mengetok, dan untuk pemukulan ringan. B. Palu Pembentuk Jenis palu pembentuk, yaitu: 1. Palu Pengeling Digunakan untuk membentuk kepala paku keling.
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KERJA PL PL AT TEKNOLOGI TEKNOLOGI M EKANIK 2
4. Palu Perata Digunakan untuk menghaluskan bentuk akhir benda kerja.
5. Palu Melintang Digunakan untuk menipiskan bahan 6. Palu Pelengkung
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KERJA PL PL AT TEKNOLOGI TEKNOLOGI M EKANIK 2
3. Palu Kulit Digunakan untuk pelat lunak yang agak tebal. Kulit yang digunakan berpegang erat pada bodi yang terbuat dari besi.
I.5.1.5 Landasan Bangku A. Landasan Muka Rata
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C. Landasan Pipa Landasan Pipa digunakan untuk menghaluskan benda kerja yang berbentuk silinder dan juga untuk landasan merapatkan sambungan yang berbentuk silinder.
D. Landasan Tirus (Tanduk) Landasan Tanduk digunakan untuk menghaluskan benda kerja
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G. Landasan Bola Landasan ini digunakan untuk meregang bentuk bulat dan cekung.
H. Landasan Pinggir Bundar Landasan ini digunakan untuk melipat pinggir yang berbentuk lengkung.
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KERJA PL PL AT TEKNOLOGI TEKNOLOGI M EKANIK 2
I.6 Klasifikasi Mesin-mesin Kerja Plat I.6.1 Mesin Potong I.6.1.1 Gunting Tuas
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KERJA PL PL AT TEKNOLOGI TEKNOLOGI M EKANIK 2
I.6.1.2 Mesin Potong Guillotine a.
Mesin potong guillotine pedal (Injak) Gunting ini digunakan untuk memotong sepanjang
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KERJA PL PL AT TEKNOLOGI TEKNOLOGI M EKANIK 2
I.6.2 Mesin Lipat Lantai Mesin ini lebih besar daripada mesin lipat bangku. Kemampuan lipatnya lebih besar dan lebih tebal. Mesin ini ada
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I.6.3 Mesin Roll Mesin ini berfungsi untuk mengerjakan bentuk-bentuk lengkung atau bulat dengan hasil permukaan yang rata dan rapi
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KERJA PL PL AT TEKNOLOGI TEKNOLOGI M EKANIK 2
I.6.4 Mesin Las Titik a.
Mesin Las Titik Portable Mesin ini mudah dibawa kemana-mana dan sangat
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KERJA PL PL AT TEKNOLOGI TEKNOLOGI M EKANIK 2
1. Pato Patokan kan uj ung
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