KERAMIK

 

^XFK] EKLKG ^HDGOD  (DHUKIOD)  GKIK : ;. VO]GX K@O@ ]HQ^OKG (5115110=) 5. NHNH UK_ ]_KLQX^UK (5115110>) DHBK] : ;E (Dhbcipcd E5)

 

NH@OGO]O Dhrkiod pknk kwkbgyk ehrkskb nkro eklksk _ugkgo,dhrkiodcs, _ugkgo,dhrkiodcs, ykgf krtogyk suktu ehgtud nkro tkgkl bokt ykgf thbkl ihgfkbkio  prcshs phiekdkrkg. Dkius nkg hgsombcphnok tklug ihgnh`ogosodkg dhrkiod shekfko suktu lksob shgo nkg;?81-kg thdgcbcfo ugtud ihgflksobdkg ekrkgf nkro tkgkl bokt ykgf noekdkr shphrto fhrkekl, fhgthgf, pcrshbog, nkg shekfkogyk. ^htkpo ^htkpo skkt ogo tonkd shiuk dhrkiod ehrkskb nkro tkgkl bokt.

 

DCIQC]O]O DHUKIOD   

Mbky/tkgkl bokt ihgfkgnugf lonrkthn kbuiogui sobomk

^kgkl bokt shekfko eklkg pcdcd ugtud  phieuktkg dhrkiod, ihrupkdkg skbkl sktu eklkg ykgf dhfugkkggyk skgfkt ihgfugtugfdkg ekfo ikgusok dkrhgk  eklkggyk ykgf iunkl nonkpkt nkg  phikdkokg lksobgyk ykgf skgfkt buks. ^kgkl bokt thriksud lonrcsobodkt kbuiogk  kbuiogk  nkg nhgfkg phrekgnogfkg ehrkt nkro ugsur-ugsurgyk: Cdsonk ]obogoui >6%, ]obogoui >6%, Cdsonk Kbuiogoui =?%, Kbuiogoui =?%, nkg Kor ;>% (Fktct, 511= nkbki n kbki Kenubbkl, 5118).

 

Bkgjutkg Mbky/^ Mbky/^kgkl kgkl Bokt Bokt  

`ugfso tkgkl bokt : ihiphriunkl prcshs phiehgtudkg dhrkiod 

 

]o`kt nk nkg dh dhknkkg ek eklkg

:

;.

Ehreutor dkskr 

5.

Ukpul

=.

Nkbki dhknkkg ekskl ihipugyko so`kt pbkstos thtkpo eobk nkbki dhknkkg dhrogf kdkg ihgjkno dhrks

>.

Eobk noekdkr kdkg ihgjkno pknkt nkg dukt

8.

]kgfkt tklkg kpo.

 

 

Dwkrsk (`bogt), Dwkrsk ihrupkdkg ehgtud bkog nkro  ektukg sobomk

;.

^ujukg phikdkokg dwkrsk ogo okbkl:



Ihgfurkgfo susut dhrogf, jkno ihgfurkgfo rhtkdrhtkd nkbki phgfhrogfkg.



Ihgfurkgfo susut wkdtu noekdkr nkg



ihiphrtogffo dwkbotks. Ihrupkdkg rkgfdk shbkik phiekdkrkg.

5.

]o`kt-so`kt nkg dhknkkg eklkg :



Ihiodo udurkg pkrtodhb ykgf lkbus.



]o`kt pbkstos ykgf togffo.



Ihiobodo dhduktkg dhrogf ykgf togffo



Qhgyusutkg pknk skkt phgfhrogfkg nkg phiekdkrkg togffo.



Vkrgk shthbkl phiekdkrkg keu-keu iunk dkrhgk ugsur ehsogyk bheol togffo noekgnogf dkcbog.



^otod bheur togffo shdotkr ;65.

]o`kt bostrodgyk bos trodgyk nkpkt ihgjkno oscbktcr, shiodcgnudtcr, shiodcgnudtcr, dcgnudtcr ekldkg suphrdcgnudtcr.

8.

Nkpkt ehrso`kt ikfghtod nkg gcg ikfghtod.

 

JHGO]-JHGO] DHUKIOD  Qknk progsopgyk dhrkiod threkfo ihgjkno nuk, ykotu: Dhrkiod ^rknosocgkb Dhrkiod trknosocgkb ykotu dhrkiod ykgf noeukt nhgfkg ihgffugkdkg  eklkg kbki, shphrto dukrsk, dukrsk, dkcbog, nbb. ;.

_kgf thriksud dhrkiod ogo knkbkl:  ekrkgf phmkl ehbkl (nogghrwkrh), dhphrbukg ruikl tkgffk (tobh, eromds), nkg ugtud ognustro (rh`rkmtcry) (rh`rkmtcry)..

 

Dhrkiod Lkbus  @ogh mhrkioms (dhrkiod mhrkioms (dhrkiod icnhrg ktku eoksk nosheut dhrkiod thdgod, knvkgmhn mhrkiom, hgfoghhrogf mhrkiom, thmlomkb mhrkiom) knkbkl dhrkiod ykgf noeukt nhgfkg ihgffugkdkg cdsonk-cdsonk bcfki ktku bcfki, shphrto: cdsonk bcfki. Qhgffugkkggyk: hbhihg  phikgks, shiodcgnudtcr, shiodcgnudtcr, dcipcghg tureog, nkg pknk  eonkgf ihnos. 5.

 

JHGO] DHUKIOD IHGXUX^ DHQKNK^KG

;.

Fhrkekl

Noeukt nkro shiuk jhgos eklkg tkgkl bokt ykgf pbkstos nkg iunkl noehgtud nkg noekdkr pknk sulu ikdsoiui ;111±M. Dhrkiod jhgos ogo strudtur nkg thdsturgyk skgfkt rkpul, dkskr nkg iksol ehrpcro. Kfkr supkyk dhnkp kor, fhrkekl dkskr lkrus nobkposo fbksor, shihg ktku eklkg  phbkpos bkoggyk. bkoggyk. Fhrkekl thriksud dhrkiod dhrkiod ehrdukbotks ehrdukbotks rhgnkl kpkeobk noekgnogfdkg nhgfkg dhrkiod ektu (stcghwkrh)) ktku pcrshbog. Ektk, fhgthgf, (stcghwkrh f hgthgf, pksc, pct, kgfbc, dhgno, fhgtcgf nkg shekfkogyk thriksud thriksud dhrkiod jhgos fhrkekl. Fhgthgf thbkl ekgykd noeukt ehrfbksor nhgfkg wkrgk ykgf ihgkrod shlogffk ihgkiekl dhduktkggyk.

 

5.

Dhrkiod Ektu

Noeukt nkro eklkg bhipugf pbkstos ykgf nomkipur nhgfkg eklkg tklkg kpo shlogffk nkpkt noekdkr pknk sulu togffo (;511±-;=11±M). Dhrkiod jhgos ogo ihipugyko strudtur nkg thdstur lkbus nkg dcdcl, dukt nkg ehrkt shphrto  ektu. Dhrkiod jhgos thriksud dukbotks fcbcgfkg ihghgfkl.

 

Qcrshbog Knkbkl jhgos dhrkiod ekdkrkg sulu togffo ykgf noeukt nkro eklkg bhipugf iurgo ykgf tklkg kpo, shphrto dkcbog, kbuiogk nkg sobodk. Cbhl dkrhgk eknkg pcrshbog jhgos ogo ehrwkrgk putol  ekldkg eosk thieus mklkyk, ikdk shrogf nosheut dhrkiod putol. Qknk uiuigyk, pcrshbog nopojkr skipko sulu ;=81±M ktku ;>11±M,  ekldkg knk ykgf bheol togffo togffo bkfo logffk ihgmkpko ;811±M. Qcrshbog ykgf tkipkdgyk topos nkg rkpul shehgkrgyk ihipugyko dhduktkg dkrhgk strudtur nkg thdsturgyk rkpkt shrtk dhrks shphrto fhbks. Cbhl dkrhgk dhrkiod ogo noekdkr pknk sulu togffo ikdk nkbki ecno  pcrshbog thrjkno thrjkno phgffhbkskg ktku ktku votro`odkso =.

 

Dhrkiod Ekru Dhrkiod ykgf shmkrk thdgos, noprcshs ugtud dhphrbukg thdgcbcfo togffo shphrto phrkbktkg iceob, bostrod, dcgstrudso, dciputhr, mhrcecgf >.

 phskwkt, drostkbbkpos, cptod, dhrkiod ihtkb, ihtkb, dhrkiod iubto dhrkiod iubto `ugfso, dcipcsot dhrkiod, sobodcg, eocmhrkiom, nkg dhrkiod ikfgot. ]o`kt dlks nkro ikthrokb dhrkiod jhgos ogo noshsukodk noshsukodkg g nhgfkg dhphrbukg ykgf ehrso`kt thdgos shphrto tklkg t klkg  ehgturkg, tklkg tklkg fhshd, fhshd, tklkg pkgks, pkgks, tklkg tklkg dkrkt, tklkg sulu dhjut shphrto oscbktcr, eklkg  phbkpos nkg nkg dcipcghg thdgos bkoggyk. bkoggyk.

 

QU QUC] C]H] H] QH QHIEX IEXK K^KG DHUKIOD 

Knk ehehrkpk mkrk ktku thdgod phieuktkg dhrkiod, ykotu: ;.

^hdgod pobog (mcobogf)

^hdgod pobog (mcobogf) knkbkl mkrk ihiehgtud tkgkl bokt nhgfkg ehgtud nkskr tkgkl bokt ykgf nopobog ktku noehgtud shphrto tkbo. Mkrk ihbkdudkg thdgod ogo knkbkl shfuipkb tkgkl bokt noehgtud pobogkg nhgfkg dhnuk thbkpkd tkgfkg. Xdurkg tokp pobogkg noshsukodkg nhgfkg udurkg ykgf Kgnk ogfogdkg. Qkgjkgfgyk pobogkg jufk noshsukodkg nhgfkg dheutulkg. Dhiunokg, pobogkg tkgkl bokt thrsheut Kgnk susug shmkrk ihbogfdkr shlogffk ihgjkno ehgtud ykgf Kgnk ogfogdkg. Jkgfkg bupk tokp susugkg nothdkg nkg tkiekldkg kor kfkr ihghiphb.

 

5.

^hdgod Qojkt (pogmlogf)

^hdgod pojkt (pogmlogf) ihrupkdkg thdgod ihieukt dhrkiod nhgfkg mkrk ihiojkt tkgkl bokt bkgfsugf ihgffugkdkg tkgfkg. ^ujukg nkro  phgffugkkg thdgod ogo knkbkl kfkr kfk r tkgkl bokt bheol pknkt nkg tonkd iunkl ihgfhbupks shlogffk lksobgyk kdkg tklkg bkik. Qrcshs pojkt nkpkt nobkdudkg nhgfkg mkrk shekfko ehrodut: k)

Kieob shfuipkb tkgkl bokt pbkstos.

 e)

^kgkl bokt thrsheut noubht-ubht nkg nopojot-pojot nhgfkg oeu jkro skieob noehgtud shsuko nhgfkg ehgtud ehgnk ykgf dkiu ogfogdkg.

m)

Lkbusdkg ihgffugkdkg duks ktku dkog lkbus.

 

=.

^hdgod Bhiphgf (sbkeogf)

^hdgod bhiphgf (sbkeogf) ihrupkdkg i hrupkdkg thdgod ykgf nofugkdkg ugtud ihieukt ehgnk fhrkekl ehrehgtud dueostos nhgfkg phriudkkg rktk. ^hdgod ogo nokwkbo nhgfkg phieuktkg bhiphgfkg tkgkl bokt nhgfkg ihgffugkdkg rcb dkyu phgffobks. ]hthbkl ihgjkno bhiphgfkg nhgfkg dhthekbkg ykgf skik, Kgnk nkpkt ihictcgf nhgfkg posku ktku dkwkt shsuko nhgfkg udurkg u durkg ykgf Kgnk ogfogdkg. ]hbkgjutgyk, Kgnk nkpkt ihieukt ihgjkno ehgtud dueus ktku phrshfo. Dhiunokg, tklkp kdlor noehro lokskg nhgfkg mkrk notcrhl pknk skkt tkgkl shthgfkl dhrogf.

 

^hdgod Qutkr  ^hdgod phiehgtudkg nhgfkg kbkt putkr nkpkt ihgflksobdkg  ekgykd ehgtud ykgf soihtros soihtros (eubkt, sobognros) nkg ehrvkrokso. Mkrk  phiehgtudkg nhgfkg thdgod thdgod putkr ogo shrogf nopkdko nopkdko cbhl pkrk >.

 phgfrkjog no shgtrk-shgtkrk dhrkiod. Qhgfrkjog dhrkiod trknosocgkb trknosocgkb  eokskgyk ihgffugkdkg kbkt putkr tkgfkg tkgfkg (lkgn wlhhb) ktku kbkt  putkr dkdo (domd wlhhb). Qkrk Qkrk phgfrkjog ehdhrjk no ktks kbkt putkr putkr nkg ihgflksobdkg ehgtudehgtud ykgf skik shphrto fhgtcgf, fumo nkg bkog-bkog.

 

8.

^hdgod Mhtkd  ^hdgod phiehgtudkg nhgfkg mhtkd nkpkt ihiprcnudso ekrkgf nhgfkg juibkl ykgf ekgykd nkbki wkdtu rhbkto` sogfdkt nhgfkg ehgtud nkg udurkg ykgf skik  pubk. Eklkg mhtkdkg mhtkdkg ykgf eoksk nopkdko knkbkl ehrupk fops, shphrto shphrto ugtud mhtkdkg mhtkdkg  ehrcgffk, mhtkdkg pknkt, pknkt, mhtkdkg joffhr ikupug ikupug mhtkdkg ugtud nhdcrkso thiphb. Mkrk ogo nofugkdkg pknk pkerod-pkerod dhrkiod nhgfkg prcnudso iksskb, shphrto kbkt kbkt ruikl tkgffk porogf, mkgfdor, ikgfdcd fhbks nkg bkog-bkog. Noskipogf mkrk-mkrk phiehgtudkg noktks, pkrk phgfrkjog dhrkiod trknoscgkb nkpkt ihiehgtud dhrkiod nhgfkg thdgod mhtkd prhs, shphrto ykgf nobkdudkg phgfrkjog fhgthgf, thfhb nognogf ikupug lokskg nognogf nhgfkg ehrekfko icto` shphrto  eogktkgf ktku tuieul-tuieulkg. tuieul-tuieulkg.

 

DHFXGKKG DHUKIOD  ;.

ugtud dheutulkg ruikl tkgffk shphrto ikgfdcd, porogf, mkgfdor,, thdc, thipkykg nbb. mkgfdor

5.

nofugkdkg ugtud eklkg ekgfugkg, shphrto ektu-ektk, fhgthgf dhrkiod, thfhb dhrkiod , popk-popk dhrkiod ugtud phieukgfkg.

=.

nofugkdkg ugtud dhphrbukg dhphrbukg dlusus nkg noeukt shmkrk dlusus pubk ioskbgyk dhrkiod oscbktcr ykgf nofugkdkg ugtud

>.

8.

dheutulkg ognustro phrbostroddkg. nofugkdkg nonkbki ehrekfko dhphrbukg eonkgf smohgmh shphrto  eonkgf dhncdthrkg ykgf nodhgkb nhgfkg eoc mhrkioms. nofugkdkg noeonkgf thdgcbcfo gudbor.

 

DHBHEOLKG NKG DHDXUKGFKG DHUKIOD  Nkg dhbheolkg nkg dhdurkgfkg ihgffugkdkg dhrkiod, ykgf nokgtkrkgyk knkbkl: Dhbheolkg Ikthrokb Dhrkiod : ;.

^klkg bkik, ekldkg ikipu ehrtklkg logffk pubulkg tklug

5.

^hrshnok nkbki ehrkfki ehgtud, wkrgk, pcbk, nkg thdstur 

=.

Qhrkwktkggyk iunkl, mudup noehrsoldkg nhgfkg ihgffugkdkg dkog ekskl

>.

^klkg nkg tonkd ihgyhrkp kor 

8.

Lkrfk ykgf notkwkrdkg skgfkt ehrvkrokso, nkro iurkl skipko iklkb, thrfkgtug thrfkgtugf f nkro dukbotksnkg udurkg.

Dhdurkgfkg Ikthrokb Dhrkiod : 0.

Ihgmoptkdkg dhskg nogfog

6.

^hriksud ikthrokb dhrks nkg bomog shlogffk durkgf gykikg noogjkd, kpkeobk  ekskl