Kenpave Report

KENPAVE ANALYSIS LAB REPORT

PAVEMENT DESIGN AND MAINTENANCE SRI LANKA INSTITUTE OF INFORMATION AND TECHNOLOGY | FACULTY OF ENGINEERING DABARE G.L.S. | EN 14548260

KENPAVE ANALYSIS

PAVEMENT DESIGN AND MAINTENANCE

KENPAVE ANALYSIS

CONTENTS INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................... 1 OBJECTIVES ................................................................................................................................ 1 PROCEDURE ............................................................................................................................... 1 Flexible Pavement Design ...................................................................................................... 1 Rigid Pavement Design ........................................................................................................... 9 RESULTS.................................................................................................................................... 18 Flexible Pavement Design Results ........................................................................................ 18 Rigid Pavement Design Results ............................................................................................ 22 REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................. 26

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LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1 - Main Menu Of LAYERINP ........................................................................................... 1 Figure 2 – Flexible Pavement Question ..................................................................................... 2 Figure 3 - General Toolbar ......................................................................................................... 2 Figure 4 - Zcoord In the Toolbar ................................................................................................ 4 Figure 5 - Layer Tab .................................................................................................................... 4 Figure 6 - Moduli Tab ................................................................................................................. 5 Figure 7 - Layer Moduli Cont...................................................................................................... 5 Figure 8 - Load Tab ..................................................................................................................... 6 Figure 9 - Wheel Arrangement .................................................................................................. 6 Figure 10 - Load Tab Cont. ......................................................................................................... 7 Figure 11 - Main Screen (KENLAYER) ......................................................................................... 8 Figure 12 - Result Sheet (Flexible Pavement Design) ................................................................ 8 Figure 13 - General Tab (Rigid Pavement Design) ..................................................................... 9 Figure 14 - Arrangements of Slabs and Joints Tab ................................................................... 10 Figure 15 - X Coordinate for Each Slab .................................................................................... 10 Figure 16 - X Coordinates of Grid for Slabs Tab ....................................................................... 10 Figure 17 - Y Coordinate for Each Slab..................................................................................... 11 Figure 18 - Y Coordinates of Grid for Slabs Tab ....................................................................... 11 Figure 19 - Thickness, Poisson’s Ratio, Young’s Modulus and Unit Weight of Concrete Tab . 11 Figure 20 - Loaded Areas and Contact Pressures Tab ............................................................. 12 Figure 21 - Loaded Areas and Contact Pressures Tab (For Load Group 1) .............................. 12 Figure 22 - Loaded Areas and Contact Pressures Tab (For Load Group 2) .............................. 12 Figure 23 - Loaded Areas and Contact Pressures Tab (For Load Group 3) .............................. 13 Figure 24 - Nodes for Printout Tab .......................................................................................... 13 Figure 25 - Nodes on Y Axis of Symmetry Tab ......................................................................... 13 Figure 26 - Solid Foundation Tab ............................................................................................. 14 Figure 27 - Foundation Seasonal Adjustment Factor tab ........................................................ 14 Figure 28 - Strength of Fatigue Coefficients of Each Slab Layer .............................................. 14 Figure 29 - Load Repetitions of Each Period ............................................................................ 15 Figure 30 - Load Repetitions for Period No 1........................................................................... 15 Figure 31 - Load Repetitions for Period No 2........................................................................... 15 Figure 32 - Main Screen (Rigid Pavement Design) ................................................................... 16 Figure 33 - Result Sheet (Rigid Pavement Design) ................................................................... 16

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INTRODUCTION KENPAVE is a combination of 4 separated software. Which are KENLAYER, SLABSNIP, LAYERRINP, KENSLABS. KENPAVE was written using visual basic and can be run on computer with windows 95 or higher. Details on the use of the software can be found on the computer screen. During the practical, were able to design the both flexible and rigid pavements by using KENPAVE software. Throughout the report, procedure of the laboratory exercise and the results obtained from that software were discussed.

OBJECTIVES ➢ Design a flexible pavement by using given data. ➢ Design a rigid pavement by using given data. ➢ Answer the questions by using above designs.

PROCEDURE Flexible Pavement Design First open the KENPAVE software and name the project. Once the name of the project has been written, click on the LAYERNIP option and the following window was appeared.

Figure 1 - Main Menu Of LAYERINP

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Then values had to insert in the options shown in red from the right to the left, the options shown in blue indicate that they have predetermined values which can be modified or changed if the project requires it. Following diagram show the design data which can are required to do the design.

Figure 2 – Flexible Pavement Question

The new data file was set created by clicking 'File' and 'New' and the filename 'Untitled' being appeared on the label beneath 'File'. Then general tab (in the toolbar) was opened by clicking on it. In the general tab several things were changed according to the given design (figure 2). Each and every one of them will be discussed in utter part of the report. Following diagram shows that the window of general toolbar.

Figure 3 - General Toolbar

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TITLE: in there can enter any descriptive title of 68 characters or less. Commas are not allowed. MATL: Enter “1” if all of the materials will be using are linear elastic and 2, 3 and 4 will enter as appropriate. In the practical enter 1, because assume that materials which are going to be used will deform linearly. NDAMA: Enter “0” because damage analysis was not considered in this design. NLG: Enter “1” because only one load group were there. But in the software, can have maximum of 12 different load groups. A load group consists of either a single wheel load, a dual wheel load, a tandem axle load, or a tridem axle load. DEL: Leave at the default of 0.001, which implies a numerical integration accuracy of 0.1%. NL: Enter “3” because there were 3 layers in the question. Two is the minimum number of layers can have and maximum is 19. NZ: Enter “3” because stress and deflection outputs at 3 depths were requested. But can obtain output at as many as 19 different depths. ICL: Leave at 80 (default). If the program doesn’t converge on a solution within 80 iterations, it stops. NSTD: Enter “1” only because vertical displacements were considered as output. NBOND: Leave at “1” because fully frictional layer interfaces were used. NLBT: Leave at “1” since not considering the damage analysis. This entry specifies the number of layers for which a damage analysis will be performed based on the tensile strain at the bottom of the layer (which contributes to fatigue failure). NLBT: Leave at “1” since not considering damage analysis. This entry specifies the number of layers for which a damage analysis will be performed based on the compressive strain at the top of the layer (which contributes to rutting failure). NUNIT: Leave at “0” for English units. In the designs can also set it to “1” for SI units. Upon completion, click 'OK' to return to the Main Menu of LAYERINP. After that “Zcoord” tab on the toolbar was selected by clicking on it. Following figure shows the window of Zcoord.

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Figure 4 - Zcoord In the Toolbar

ZC: Enter the depths (in inches) at which stress/strain/deflection output want to obtain. According to the given design (figure 2), depths were entered in to the software. Upon completion, click the 'OK' button to return to the Main Menu of LAYERINP. After that “Layer” tab on the toolbar was opened by clicking on it. Following figure shows that the layer tab in the KENPAVE software.

Figure 5 - Layer Tab

TH: Each materials layer thickness (in inches) were entered in to software according to the design provided (figure 2). The last layer is infinite in thickness and need not be specified.

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PR: given values were entered in to the table. In the designs if those values were not given take “0.5” for incompressible materials. Suggested values for asphalt and granular materials are 0.35 and for fine-grained soils 0.45. After typing the data in a cell press “Enter” or the up or down arrow key to make it effective. Then “Moduli” tab on the toolbar was opened by clicking on it.

Figure 6 - Moduli Tab

Then “Period1” was selected by clicking on it.

Figure 7 - Layer Moduli Cont.

E: appropriate modulus of each layer was added according to design data. Upon completion, click the 'OK' button to return to the Layer Modulus of Each Period. PAVEMENT DESIGN AND MAINTENANCE

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After that “Load” tab on the toolbar was opened by clicking on it.

Figure 8 - Load Tab

LOAD: Enter “2” because in the given design tandem axles with dual wheels (four contact patches) were used. CR: Radius of the contact patch (4.52 in inches) was entered in to the software according to given data. CP: Contact pressure of 70 psi was entered in to the software. YW: This is the center to center spacing between the two dual wheels. According to the given design, it was found as 13.5 in. See Figure 9 in the following.

Figure 9 - Wheel Arrangement

XW: This is the center to center spacing between the axles. According to the given design, it was found as 48 in. See Figure 9 in the above. NR or NPT: Enter 12 because there were 12 number of points in the horizontal plane at which outputs required for the design. See Figure 9 in the above. After completion of this form, click 'OK' to enter the auxiliary form where coordinates were entered in to the output points. PAVEMENT DESIGN AND MAINTENANCE

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Figure 10 - Load Tab Cont.

This auxiliary form appears automatically when NPT of a given load is typed on the main form. If NPT was specified previously, can also enter this form by double clicking the main form anywhere on the given load group, instead of retyping NPT, to enter this auxiliary form. XPT (x coordinates of points to be analyzed). YPT (y coordinates of points to be analyzed). During the laboratory session those coordinates were added by using given figure in the design (figure 9). Note - After typing the data in a cell, be sure to press the Enter key to make it effective. After completion of this form, click 'OK' to return to the load information form, then click 'OK' to return to the Main Menu of LAYERINP. Click on Save As to save the data to a new file. Name it as “flexible pavement example” or something like that. Since this program is DOS-based, probably can’t use file names with embedded spaces or filenames with more than 8 characters (not counting the file extension, which will always be “.dat”). After that exit from the LAYERINP and click on the KENLAYER to perform the calculations (figure 11). This should be done before looking at the results. Then click on editor to view the output file. Following were the generated results. (figure 12)

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Figure 11 - Main Screen (KENLAYER)

Figure 12 - Result Sheet (Flexible Pavement Design)

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Rigid Pavement Design There also same procedure can be followed until selecting the general tab.

Figure 13 - General Tab (Rigid Pavement Design)

NFOUND: Number 1 was entered for the type of foundation because this is a solid foundation. NPY: For the analysis there are 2 periods per year. NLG: number of load groups were given in the question as 3. NLAYER: in here only one slab layer considered and hence insert one. NBOND: there’s only one slab considered and hence this was unbonded. NDAMA: For the damage analysis number 1 was entered because in the question asked to determine the design life based on PCA criteria. NSX: according to question X axis was not symmetric. Hence enter 0 in to the software. NSY: there were 9 equal nodes in Y axis of symmetry. Hence enter 9 in to the software. NAT1 & NAT2: there were no nodes with different thicknesses. Hence enter 0 for this in the software. NUNIT: Leave at “0” for English units. In the designs can also set it to “1” for SI units. In the curling tab no need to fill. Because there were no details about the curling in the design data. Then in the slab tab following were done.

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Figure 14 - Arrangements of Slabs and Joints Tab

Figure 15 - X Coordinate for Each Slab

Figure 16 - X Coordinates of Grid for Slabs Tab

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Figure 17 - Y Coordinate for Each Slab

Figure 18 - Y Coordinates of Grid for Slabs Tab

Figure 19 - Thickness, Poisson’s Ratio, Young’s Modulus and Unit Weight of Concrete Tab

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The loading contact details were inserted in the “Loaded Areas and Contact Pressures” tab.

Figure 20 - Loaded Areas and Contact Pressures Tab

Figure 21 - Loaded Areas and Contact Pressures Tab (For Load Group 1)

Figure 22 - Loaded Areas and Contact Pressures Tab (For Load Group 2)

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Figure 23 - Loaded Areas and Contact Pressures Tab (For Load Group 3)

There was no change in raft tab. Then appropriate changes were done in “other optional information” tab. In there, select the “Nodes for Printout” tab and data were changed accordingly.

Figure 24 - Nodes for Printout Tab

Figure 25 - Nodes on Y Axis of Symmetry Tab

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Then the foundation details were entered in “Solid Foundation” tab.

Figure 26 - Solid Foundation Tab

The foundation seasonal factors were inserted next in “Foundation Seasonal Adjustment Factor” tab.

Figure 27 - Foundation Seasonal Adjustment Factor tab

Finally, the damage analysis data was inserted in “Damage Analysis” tab. Here following data were considered.

Figure 28 - Strength of Fatigue Coefficients of Each Slab Layer

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KENPAVE ANALYSIS Load repetitions of each period.

Figure 29 - Load Repetitions of Each Period

Figure 30 - Load Repetitions for Period No 1

Figure 31 - Load Repetitions for Period No 2

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Click on Save As to save the data to a new file. Name it as “Rigid pavement design” or something like that. Since this program is DOS-based, probably can’t use file names with embedded spaces or filenames with more than 8 characters (not counting the file extension, which will always be “.dat”). After that exit from the SLABSINP and click on the KENSLABS to perform the calculations (figure 11). This should be done before looking at the results. Then click on editor to view the output file. Following were the generated results. (figure 32)

Figure 32 - Main Screen (Rigid Pavement Design)

Figure 33 - Result Sheet (Rigid Pavement Design)

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RESULTS Flexible Pavement Design Results

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Maximum Deflection is 0.2044 inches. (at point 0) Maximum Layer 1 Deflection is 0.2030 inches. (at point 6) Maximum Layer 2 Deflection is 0.01820 inches. (at point 14)

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Rigid Pavement Design Results

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According to KENPAVE analysis, the design life based on PCA fatigue criteria will be 13.87 years.

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REFERENCES H., H. Y., 2008. Pavement Analysis and Design. s.l.:s.n.

Huang, D. Y. H., n.d. [Online] Available at: chromeextension://oemmndcbldboiebfnladdacbdfmadadm/http://www.ce.memphis.edu/7 166/KENLAYER%20User%20Guide.pdf [Accessed 03 10 2017].

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