Kelompok 9 - Sintesis Dan Karakterisas (MN (Acac) 3)

 

BHPLUHC PUHI[GIQD IGDGH HCLUOHCGI Zgctasgs khc Ihrhitargshsg Zacyhwh Ildpbais [rgs-Hsatgbhsatlchtl Dhcohc(GGG) 

kghnuihc uctui dadacumg shbhm shtu [uohs Dhth Iubghm Prhitgiud Igdgh Hclrohcgi Klsac Pacohdpu > Krs. Hbg Iusrgnhkg, D. Zg Zg

kgsusuc lbam

>

Ihctmg Phwacgco [yhs (87065?5) Dgfthm Qimrlwg Khdhcgi (870656?) Ulfg Fhkgbhm Dhkhcg (870;687)

KAPHU[ADAC PACKGKGIHC IGDGH FHIQB[HZ PACKGKGIHC DH[ADH[GIH KHC GBDQ PACOA[HMQHC HBHD QCGVAUZG[HZ PACKGKGIHC GCKLCAZGH EHCKQCO 5058

 

ZGC[AZGZ KHC IHUHI[AUGZHZG ZACWH_H ILDPBAIZ [UGZ-HZA[GBHZA[LCH[L DHCOHC(GGG)

H.  [unuhc Prhitgiud 8.  Dadhmhdg rhcoihgc prlsas sgctasgs trgs-hsatgbhsatlchtl dhcohc(GGG) 5.  Dadhmhdg jhrh dacoihrhitargshsg trgs-hsatgbhsatlchtl dhcohc(GGG) E.  Khshr [alrg [rgs-Hsatgbhsatlchtl Dhcohc(GGG) daruphihc sacyhwh ildpbais. Zacyhwh ildpbais hkhbhm sacyhwh yhco dacohckuco htld/glc blohd pusht yhco kgiabgbgcog lbam sanudbhm bgohc tartactu yhco kggiht lbam vhbacsg saiuckar hthu gihthc ilvhbac illrkgcht.  Bgohc daruphihc satghp htld, glc hthu dlbaiub catrhb yhco dhdpu dacyudehcoihc phshcohc abaitrlc khc targiht phkh glc hthu htld blohd pusht dabhbug vhbacsg saiuckar. (Vhsgsmth Emhtt 5086). Earkhshrihc ehcyhicyh abajtrlc yhco kgklclrihc lbam bgohc, dhih bgohc bg ohc khpht kgibhsgfgihsgihc dacnhkg bgohc dlclkactht, bgohc egkackht khc bgohc dubtgkackht. Bgohc egkackht khpht dacklclrihc kuh phshcohc abajtrlc yhco kgdgbgigcyh ia blohd, sakhcoihc dubtgkactht khpht dacklclrihc ehcyhi abaitrlc ia blohd. Bgohc-bgohc dubtgkackht gcg yhco khpht dadeactui struitur iabht khbhd igdgh illrkgchsg. Ihrach ehcyhicyh phshcohc abajtrlc yhco egsh kgklclrihc ia blohd.(Vhsgsmth Emhtt 5086). Hsatgbhsatlchtl (hjhj) dharuphihc shbhm shtu jlctlm bgohc egkackht. Bgohc  egkactht daruphihc olblcohc bgohc plbgkactht. Bgohc egkactht dadgbgig kuh htld khshr.

Jlctlmcyh

8,5-

kghdgclathch(atgbackghdgch),

kghdgclprlphch. (Affacky, 500?>58)

glc

lishbht,

8,:-

 

  Hjatybahjatlca (hjhj) Zudear > Vhsgsmth Emhtt (5086)

Hsatgbhsatlchtl daruphihc sacyhwh ε-iatlc ε -iatlc yhco khpht targlcgshsg saehohg hshd badhi. Bgohc hsatgbhsatlchtl kgiabldpliihc ia khbhd bgohc buhr yhco dacyaeheihc abajtrlc tgkhi earphshcohc phkh lregthb k yhco ilslco khbhd ucsur olblcohc trhcsgsg kgkashi dacnhkg earphshcohc. Lregthb-lregthb k yhco ilslco  earfucosg saehohg pacargdh phshcohc abaitlc khrg bgohc samgcooh tareactui sacyhwh ildpbais kacohc gihthc ilvhbac illrkgchsg. (Nlbby, 877? > 8;=) Dhcohc daruphihc ucsur trhcsgsg, earahisg kacohc hgr mhcoht dadeactui dhcohc (GG) mgkrlisgkh khc mykrloac. Dc (s) + 5M5L (b) ↕ Dc(LM)5 (s) + M5 (o) Glc dhcohc (GG) tgkhi sthegb khc dukhm kgrakuisg dacnhkg glc dhcohc (G) khc khpht kgtactuihc nuoh khrg dhcohc (GGG) lisgkh khc Dc5L:. Glc dhcohc (GGG) kgparlbam khrg lisgkhsgabaitrlsthtgi hthu lisgkhsg subfht bhruthc Dc5+ hthu kacohc rakuisg DcL; - . ^ht tarsaeut tgkhi khpht kgparlbam khbhd ilcsactrhsg tgcoog ihrach kgrakuisg lbam hgr. Dhcohc nuoh jackaruco tarmgkrlbgsgs khc tarkgsplrphsg glcgshsg khbhd bhruthc hshd badhm sasuhg kacohc rahisg eargiut> Dc 5+ (hq) ↕ Dc :+ (hq) + a  ‚   Khbhd suhshch ehsh rahisgcyh saehohg eargiut > DcL; - (hq) + :M5L (b) + : a - ↕DcL; + ;LM  ‚   Phkh padeuhthc dhcohc (GGG) hsatlchtl, yhicg kacohc darahisgihc dhcohc(GGG) iblrgkh kacohc hsatgbhsatlchtl > JM:JLLCh (s) + M5L (b) ⇂ JM:JLL- (hq) + Ch + (hq) + LM - (hq) + M + (hq) LM - (hq) + J 1M=L5 (b) ⇂ J1M?L5 - (hq) + M5L (b) Dc :+ (hq) + :J1M?L5 (hq)  (hq)↕ ↕ YDc(J1M?L5 ): T (s)

 

Irgsthb jlibht tuh khrg hjhj kacohc dhcohc dukhm kgparlbam dabhbug lisgkhsg Dc5+  dacnhkg Dc:+. Khbhd gckustrg kgouchihc uctui dacolisgkhsg tlbuaca dacnhkg athclb(Zvambh, 87=1 > 5). Dhcohc (:k1 ;s5) dadgbgig egbhcohc lisgkhsg +5, +: khc +? sapartg phkh DcJb5. ;M5L (Dc GG) darhm dukh pujht. YDc(hjhj):T (Dc GGG) jlibht tuh khc IDcL; (Dc VGG) ucou, YDc(hjhj):T dadgbgig struitur kgdacsg ljthmakrhb.

[rgs-Hsatgbhsatlchtl Dhcohc(GGG)

Zpaitlfltldatar hkhbhm hbht yhco tarkgrg hths spajtrldatar khc fltldatar. Zpajtrldatar dacomhsgbihc sgchr yhco khrg spajtrud kacohc phcnhco oabldehco tartactu khc fltldatar hkhbhm hbht uctui dacouiur gctacsgths jhmhyh yhco kgtrhcsdgsgihc hthu kgheslrpsg. Nhkg spaitrlfltldatar kgouchihc uctui dacouiur acaroy sajhrh rabhtgva ngih acaroy tarsaeut kgtrhcsdgsgihc, kgrafbaisgihc hthu kgadgsgihc saehohg fucosg khrg phcnhco oabldehco. (Mackhyhch,Z , 877;> :5) Jlctlm spaitrlfltldatar kghcthrhcyh yhgtu QV-Vgs, F[GU, khc bhgc saehohgcyh. Prgcsgp hchbgsgs F[GU ghbhm gctg-gctg htld yhco targiht lbam gihthc ilvhbac dacohbhdg oathrhc khc acarog yhco kgsarhp dacyaeheihc iachgihc hdpbgtukl oathrhc. Iahkhhc vgerhsg khrg gihthc tarnhkg phkh iahkhhc yhco tariuhctgths phkh tgcoihttgcoiht acarog. Khrg oathrhc tarsaeut khpht kghdhtg iaearhkhhc ouous khbhd sacyhwh earkhshrihc phcnhco oabldehcocyh. Lbam ihrachcyh F[GU khpht kgouchihc saehohg shbhm shtu datlkh yhco dackuiuco uctui ihrhitargshsg [rgsHsatgbhsatlchtl Dhcohc(GGG), Dhcohc(GGG), kgshdpgco kgparbuihc nuoh pacounghc-pacounghc yhco bhgc. (Fassackac, 87=6>:81) J.  Hbht khc Ehmhc h.  Hbht

 

-  Oabhs igdgh 600 dB

8 euhm

-  Oabhs igdgh 5000 dB

8 euhm

-  Oabhs igdgh 10 dB

8 euhm

-  Jlrlco ihjh

8 euhm

-  Bheu Arbacdayar 510 dB

8 euhm

-  Oabhs uiur 51 dB

8 euhm

-  Bheu uiur 10 dB

8 euhm

-  Eltlb sadprlt

8 euhm

-  Pgpat ihpgbar

8 euhm

-   Dhocatgj stgrrar

8 sat  sat 

-   Mlt pbhta

8 sat  sat 

-  Pgpat Phstaur

8 euhm

-  [heuco rahisg

: euhm

-  Iarths shrgco

: euhm

-  Ihjh hrblng

8 euhm

-   Carhjh hchbgtgi

8 euhm

-  Zphtubh

8 euhm

 e.  Ehmhc -  Ihbgud pardhcohchta

8o

-   Chtrgud hsatht trgmgkrht

8: o

-  Dhcohc (GG) iblrgkh tatrhmgkrht

:o

-  Hsatgb hsatlc

58 dB

-  Hgr

:00 dB

-  As

satacohm whkhm

-  5,;-pacthkglca

1 dB

-  8,1 patrlbaud çtar

5 tatas

-  [lbuach

80 dB

 

K.  Zpasgfgihsg Ehmhc  Cl. 8.

Chdh Ehmhc

Zgfht Fgsgi

Zgfht Igdgh -  Kacsgths> 5,?0

Ihbgud pardhcohct

Phkhthc, earwhrch

(IDcL;)

ucou, tgkhi earehu

o/jd: 

[gtgi baeur> 5;0lJ

-  Zacyhwh

: 8   0

 pacolisgkhsg -  Bhrut khbhd hgr khc pabhrut lrohcgi -  Hphegbh tariach jhmhyh dukhm tarlisgkhsg Ehmhyh

Pachcooubhcohc

-  [lisgi tarmhkhp

-  Ngih tariach iubgt

bgcoiucohc

jujg kacohc

 parhgrhc

 ehcyhi sheuc khc

-  Dacyaeheihc

hgr

ilrlsg iubgt khc

-  Ngih tariach dhth

iarushihc dhth

 egbhs kacohc hgr dacohbgr  eaearhph dacgt

5.

Chtrgud hsatht trgmgkrht (JM:JLLCh.:M5L)

Zgfht Fgsgi

Zgfht Igdgh

Phkhthc, earwhrch

-  Bhrut khbhd hgr

 putgm, earehu hshd

-  Kacsgths> 8,;5

hsatht badhm [gtgi baeur> :5;lJ

or/jd:  -  Mgorlsilpgi

[gtgi kgkgm> 3;00lJ Ehmhyh

Pachcooubhcohc

 

-  Khpat

-  Ngih tariach iubgt

dacyaeheihc

jujg kacohc

iabhgchc

 ehcyhi sheuc khc

 parut/usus

hgr -  Ngih tariach dhth  egbhs kacohc hgr dacohbgr  eaearhph dacgt

:.

Dhcohc (GG) iblrgkh tatrhmgkrht (DcJb5.;M5L)

Phkhthc, earwhrch darhm nhdeu, tgkhi

0 5

Zgfht Fgsgi

0

Zgfht Igdgh -  Kacsgths> 5,08 or/jd: 

 earehu

-  Bhrut khbhd hgr

[gtgi baeur> 61;lJ

-  Zthegb sajhrh

[gtgi kgkgm> 8551lJ

igdghwg phkh sumu ruhco

Ehmhyh -  Khpht

Pachcooubhcohc -  Ngih tariach iubgt

dacyaeheihc

jujg kacohc

iarushihc dhth

 ehcyhi sheuc khc

sargus

hgr

-  [lisgi tarmhkhp

-  Ngih tariach dhth

bgcoiucohc

 egbhs kacohc hgr

 parhrgrhc khc

dacohbgr

lrohc (lthi)

 eaearhph dacgt

dabhbug phphrhc  earubhco ;.

Hsatgb hsatlc (JM:JLJM5JLJM:)

Zgfht Fgsgi Jhgrhc, tgkhi  earwhrch

Zgfht Igdgh -  Kacsgths> 0,7? or/jd: 

 

[gtgi baeur> -5:lJ

-  Dukhm tarehihr

[gtgi kgkgm> 8;0lJ Ehmhyh

Pachcooubhcohc

-  Qhp khc jhgrhc

-  Ngih tariach iubgt

 

jujg kacohc

dukhm tarehihr -  Earehmhyh ngih

 ehcyhi sheuc khc hgr dacohbgr

tartabhc -  [lisgi ngih

-  Ngih tariach dhth

tariach iubgt hthu

 egbhs kacohc hgr

 egbh tarmgrup

dacohbgr  eaearhph dacgt

1.

Hgr (M5L)

0

0

0

Zgfht Fgsgi Jhgrhc, tgkhi  earwhrch, tgkhi

Zgfht Igdgh

 

:

- Kacsgths> 8 o/jd   -  Zthegb sajhrh

 earehu.

igdghwg khbhd

[gtgi kgkgm> 800lJ

sumu ruhco

[gtgi eaiu> 0lJ Ehmhyh -  6.

Dhcohc(GGG)

Pachcooubhcohc - 

Zgfht fgsgi

Zgfht igdgh

hsatgbhsatlchtl

-  Phkhthc

-  Earsgfht clc plbhr

YDc(hjhj):T

-  Earwhrch mgthd

-  [gkhi bhrut khbhd

-  [gtgi baeur> 817-

hgr

868°J Ehmhyh -  Dacyaeheihc grgthsg dhth

Pachcooubhcohc -  Ngih tariach iubgt jujg kacohc  ehcyhi sheuc khc hgr dacohbgr

 

-  Dacyaeheihc

-  Ngih tariach dhth

grgthsg

 egbhs kacohc hgr

 parchphshc

dacohbgr

-  Dacyaeheihc

 eaearhph dacgt

grgthsg iubgt

A.  Zat Hbht

F.  Prlsakur Parjlehhc h.  Zgctasgs Irgsthb YDc(hjhj):T Phkh bhcoihm sgctasgs padeactuihc pa deactuihc irgsthb YDc(hjhj) YDc(hjhj):T, khbhd bheu arbacdayar kgthdehmihc

phkhthc

DcJb:.;M5L

saehcy saehcyhi hi

8

orhd

khc

phkhthc phkhth c

 

JM:JLLCh.:M5L sanudbhm 5 orhd khc hquhkas ; dB. bhbu kgdhsuihc ia khbhdcyh dhocatgj stgrrar khc kgbathiihc kghths mltpbhta khc kghkui mgcooh tarjhdpur saburumcyh. Ngih kgrhsh sukhm tarjhdpur, kgthdehmihc ; dB hsatgb hsatlc. Zatabhm kgthdehm hsatgb hsatlc iadukghc kgthdehmihc bhruthc Ihbgud Pardhcohcht. Bhruthc ihbgud pardhcohchta kgeuht khrg pacgdehcohc 0,56 orhd ihbgud  pardhcohchta iadukghc kgbhrutihc khbhd 80 db hgr. Iatgih Iatgih parbhiuhc parbhiuhc gcg kgbhiuihc saduh parhbhthc prhitgiud yhco kgouchihc khc earmueucohc bhcosuco kacohc bhruthc ihbgud pardhcohchta kgbhpgsg kacohc hbuducgud flgb, yhgtu gtu Arbacdayar,  pgpat tatas, khc oabhs igdgh cyh. Zatabhm kgthdehmihc ihbgud pardhhcohcht, kgthdehmihc iadehbg chtrgud hsatht yhco kgeuht khrg pacgdehcohc 5,688 chtrgud hsatht yhco kgbhrutihc kacohc 80 db hiuhkas. Zasukhm pachdehmhc chtrgud hsatht, bhruthc iadukghc kgphchsihc phkh mltpbhta kacohc sumg 851- 860°J. iatgih bhruthc sukhm dackgkgm yhco kgthckhg kacohc tareactuicyh uhp hgr phkh ihjh hrblng pacutup Arbacdayar, dhih  padhchshc kgmactgihc. Padhchshc kgbhiuihc ¸ 1 dacgt. Zatabhm padhchshc kgmactgihc iadukghc bhruthc kgkghdihc khbhd : ilckgsgs, yhgtu kgkghdihc phkh sumu ihdhr iadukghc kgkghdihc phkh hgr kgcogc bhbhu kgkghdihc kg hgr as. Ngih Irgsthb sukhm tgkhi tareactui iadehbg iadukghc bhruthc kgshrgco kg jlrlco Eujmcar dacoouchihc iarths shrgco yhco saeabudcyh tabhm kgtgdehco tarbaegm khmubu.  e.  Ihrhitargshsg Irgsthb YDc(hjhj):T -  Qng iabhruthc Kgdhsuiihc

irgsthb irgsthb YDc(hjhj):T saunuco sphtubh sphtubh iakhbhd 6 euhm theuco rahisg

 eareakh. Iadukghc kgthdehmihc iblrlflrd, hquhkas, hshd iblrgkh, JJb;, athclb, khc CM;LM iakhbhd dhsgco-dhsgco theuco rahisg khc kghdhtg mhsgb bhruthccyh.

 

-  Qng Dlrflblog Irgsthb kgbathiihc kghths ihjh praphrht khc kgtatasihc sakgigt pabhrut yhco jljli, bhbu kgbathiihc phkh sbgka dgirlsilp khc kghtur padeashrhc khc plsgsg bacsh sarth kghdhtg eactui dlrflblog irgsthb. -  Qng tgtgi babam Irgsthb kgdhsuiihc iakhbhd pgph ihpgbar khc kgung kacohc dabtgco plgct hpphrhtus kacohc kghdhtg sumu hwhb irgsthb dababam khc sumu dababam saburumcyh. -  Qng QV-Vgs Irgthb YDc(hjhj):T sanudbhm 0,00;6 orhd kgthdehmihc iblrlflrd uctui kgeuht bhruthc khrg irgsthb YDc(hjhj):T khbhd bheu thihr 10 dB. Bhruthc kgung kacohc spaitrlcgi

50

QV-Vgs

kacohc

dacohtur

phcnhco

oabldehco

dackhphtihc khth cgbhg heslrehcsg.

Prlsakur Parjlehhc khrg Phckuhc Prhitgiud> Bhcoihm Iarnh Zgctasgs Dc(hjhj):

Dhcohc GG iblrgkh tatrhmgkrht khc chtrgud hsatht trgmgkrht -  Kgdhsuiihc 1 o dhcohc(GG) tatrhiblrgkh khc : o chtrgud hsatht ia oabhs igdgh 600 Db -  Bhbu kgdhsuiihc hgr kgstgbhsg 500 dB ia oabhs uiur khc kgtuhcoihc ia oabhs igdgh saeabudcyh yhco sukhm  eargsg Dhcohc GG iblrgkh tatrhmgkrht khc chtrgud hsatht trgmgkrht

Pacohdhthc

uctui

 

-  Bhbu kgdhsuiihc dhocatgj strgrrar khc kgtadphtihc kg hths mlt pbhta -  Kghkui shdphg tarjhdpur saburumcyh Hsatgb Hsatlc -  kgtuhcoihc hsatgb hsatlc saehcyhi 58 dB ia khbhd oabhs igdgh 10 dB -  Kgpgckhmihc hsatgb hsatlc ia oabhs uiur uctui dacomgtuco vlbuda baegm hiurht -  Bhbu kgtuhcoihc hsatgb hsatlc ia khbhd bhruthc khbhd oabhs igdgh 600 dB sajhrh parbhmhc khc kgbhiuihc pacohkuihc ilcsthc dacoouchihc dhocatgj stgrrar Ihbgud pardhcohcht -  Kgdhsuiihc 8 orhd ihbgud  pardhcohchta ia oabhs igdgh 10 dB -  Kgbhrutihc ihbgud pardhcohchta kacohc 10 dB hgr kgstgbhsg -  Kgolyhcoihc oabhs igdgh sajhrh  parbhmhc uctui dabhrutihc ihbgud  pardhcohcht -  Kgpgckhmihc ia bheu uiur 10 dB khc kgegbhs oabhs igdgh 600 dB saarhyh kghkui  Chtrgud Hsatht [rgmgkrht

 

-  Kgdhsuiihc 8: orhd chtrgud hsatht trgmgkrht ia oabhs igdgh 10 dB khc kgbhutihc kacohc 10 dB hgr -  Kgolyhcoihc oabhs igdgh sajhrh  parbhmhc uctui dabhrutihc chtrgud hsatht trgmgkrht -  Kghkui bhruthc -  Kgtuhcoihc bhruthc ia bhruthc yhco hkh kg khbhd oabhs igdgh 600 dB sarhyh kghkui sajhrh ilcsthc kacohc dhocatgj strgrrar -  Kgphchsihc bhruthc khbhd oabhs igdgh 600 dB dacoouchihc mlt  pbhta phkh sumu 60°J sabhdh 80 dacgt sarhyh kgbhiuihc pacohkuihc sajhrh ilcsthc khc kgouchihc tmardldatar uctui dacouiur sumu -  Kgcogcihc bhruthc kg as yhco hkh  phkh oabhs igdgh 5000 dB sabhdh :0 dacgt -  Kgtgdehco dhssh iarths shrgco phkh carhjh hchbgtgi khc kgjhtht mhsgbcyh -  Kgbgpht iarths shrgco khc kgbathiihc kg khbhd jlrlco ihjh yhco tabhm tarphshco kg hths bheu arbadayar 510 dB -  Kgshrgco bhruthc yhco tabhm kgkgcogcihc

 

-  Kgbathiihc iarths shrgco yhco eargsg rasgku kg hths ihjh hrblng khc kgiargcoihc phk sumu ruhco -  Kgtgdehco dhssh prlkui dacoouchihc carhjh hchbgtgi khc kgjhtht mhsgbcyh Prlkui YDc(hjhj):T

Uairgsthbgshsg YDc(hjhj):T

Prlkui YDc(hjhj):T -  Kgbhrutihc khbhd 80 dB tlbuaca mhcoht -  Kgshrgco dacoouchihc pacyhrgco  pgpat Phstaur -  Bhbu kgkgcogcihc phkh sumu ruhco sabhdh 81 dacgt -  Kgthdehmihc 5 tatas 8,1 patrlbaud çtar kacohc dacoouchcihc pgpat tatas Phkhthc YDc(hjhj):T

Ihrhitargshsg YDc(hjhj):T

Prlkui YDc(hjhj):T -  Kgbhrutihc prlkui phkh 5,; pacthkglc durcg 1 dB -  Kgbhiuihc shdpbgco prlkui kacohc datlka Cunlb dubbs -  Kgtadphtihc shdpab phkh hbht F[GU

 

-  Kgbhiuihc hchbgsgs shdpab kacohc F[GU -  Kghdhtg khc kghtht mhsgbcyh Zpaitru Prlkui YDc(hjhj):T

O.  Parthcyhhc 8.  [ubgsbhm satacohm rahisg iasatgdehcohc uctui rakuisg lisgkhsg phkh  parjlehhc gcg. Nhwhe > rakuisg

> DcL;- + =M+ + ;a-  Dc:+ + ;M5L

Lisgkhsg

> Dc5+  Dc:+ + a-

Lvar hbb

> DcL;- + =M+ + ;Dc5+  1Dc:+ + ;M5L

5.  Khbhd hsatlc, htld hbigb mgkrloac shcoht subgt earuehm khbhd suhshch ehsh. Khbhd hsatgbhsatlc, ehohgdhchpuc suhtu prltlc dukhm tarbaphs dadeactui hcglc hjhj. Dacohph hkh pareakhhc hcthrh kuh sacyhwh gcg< Nhwhe >

ihrach phkh hsatgbhsatlc tarkhpht M hbpmh yhco earsgfht hshd. M hbpmh tarsaeut targiht phkh J hbpmh kgsaeabhm 5 ouous ihrelcgb. Kgihrachihc lisgoac dadpucyhg iaabaitrlcaohtgfhc yhco tgcoog, dhih abaitrlc hihc baegm tarthrgi iah rhm lisgoac bhgc khc J ihrelcgb hihc earduhthc plsgtgf. Zhht M hbpmh baphs, M tarsaeut hihc tarthrgi ia ehsh yhco kgeargihc.

 

:.  Dhcohc (GG) (k1) hkhbhm tgkhi earwhrch sakhcoihc Dc(VGG) (k 80) earwhrch ucou tuh. Nabhsihc. Nhwhe > Zajhrh prgcsgp hkhcyh whrch phkh bhruthc tarnhkg ihrach parpgckhmhc abaitrlc ia lregthb kacohc tgcoiht acarog yhco baegm tgcoog higeht tarphphr jhmhyh (acarog) dhih hkh whrch tartactu yhco kgsarhp lbam bhruthc bh ruthc glc tarsaeut. Phkh Dhcohc (GG) kacohc lregthb k1, lregthb k targsg satacohm pacum khc tgkhi tarnhkg parpgckhmhc/aisgthsg abajtrlc samgcooh bhruthccyh tgkhi earwhrch. Zakhcoihc phkh Dhcohc (VGG) kacohc lregthb k 80, bhruthccyh earwhrch ucou tuh khpht earuehm dacnhkg tgkhi earwhrch ihrach shht kgearg bhruthc hshd. ;.  Ztruitur Jr(hjhj):  khc Dc(hjhj):  hkhbhm shcoht eareakh. Hphihm eachr struitur kgsaeut nuoh dhcohcht hsatht< Nhwhe > uctui dacoathmug hphihm suhtu sacyhwh hkhbhm Dc(hjhj) : hthu Jr(hjhj):, dhih khpht kghchbgsgs pareakhhccyh dabhbug whrchcyh. Irgsthb Dc(hjhj): earwhrch mgthd sakhcoihc Jr(hjhj): earwhrch darhm. 1.  Ehohgdhchihm iaearhhkhhc struitur Jr(hjhj): khc Dc(hjhj):. Nabhsihc afai Nhmc-[abbar Nhwhe > Ztruitur Dc(hjhj):>

Afai Nhmc-[abbar dacucnuiihc ehmwh iahkhhc khshr hthu bavab acarog tarackhm suhtu dlbaiub tarkaoacarhsg. Dlbaiub tarsaeut khpht khp ht tarkgstlrsg kacohc splcthc dacnhkg sgdatrg tarackhm samgcooh dacomgbhcoihc kaoacarhsg khc dadeuht

  

shtu bavab acarog yhco sthegb. Afai Nhmc-[abbar tarnhkg phkh sacyhwh yhco tgkhi sgdatrgs, khc phkh sacyhwh tarsaeut tarkhpht phcnhco gihthc yhco eareakh phkh bgohc yhco dacogiht htld pusht. Mhb tarsaeut tarnhkg ihrach hkhcyh tlbhihc abajtrlc (ablcohsg) samgcooh dadeuht gihthc dacnhkg phcnhco, chduc iaiuhthc gihthc cyh badhm. M.  Khfthr Pusthih Fassackac khc Fassackac. (87=6). Igdgh Lrohcgi akgsg iatgoh (ngbgk 5). Nhihrth>Arbhcooh Mackhyhch, Zudhr. (877;). Igdgh Hchbgtgi Gcstrudac. Zadhrhco> GIGP Zadhrhco  prass Nlbby,_.B. (8778). Dlkarc Gclrohcgj Jmadgstry tmgrk akgtglc. Caw Wlri> Dj Orhw Mgbb Bhejmad. (5085). Zhfaty Khth Zmaat . Kghisas khrg  khrg  www.bhejmad.jld. www.bhejmad.jld. YKghisas> 5= Zaptadear 5058T. Darji. (5058). Zhfaty Khth Zmaat . Kghisas khrg www.darjidgbbgplra.jld. www.darjidgbbgplra.jld.  YKghisas> 5= Zaptadear 5058T. Dukzhigr, H, kii. (500=). Prhitgiud sgctasgs khc ihrhitargshsg sacyhwh hclrohcgi. Ehckuco > QPG Zdhrtbhe.

(508?).

 Badehr

Khth

Iasabhdhthc

Ehmhc. Ehmhc.

Kghisas

khrg

/www.sdhrtbhe.jl.gk www.sdhrtbhe.jl.gk.. YKghisas> 5= Zaptadear 5058T. Zrgyhctg, Z. Egbhcohc Lisgkhsg khc Uahisg-Uahisg Dhcohc. Nurchb Dhcohc. Nurchb Igdgh Zhgcs khc  Hpbgihsg,, :(8), 8?8-8?6.   Hpbgihsg 8?8-8?6.