Kelompok 8 - Laporan Askep Tonsilitis

 

NVSDNO LCPCXNRNZNO LCPCXNRNZNO PNJN OQ. X JCOBNO JANBOEVAV JANBOEVAV ICJAV ZEOVAGAZAV LXEOAL JA XSNOB PCXNRNZNO HNMA JNLLN XVSJ GNHSNOB HNMA INLNVVNX 

EGCD= LCGEIPEL 4 SZDNIA FAZXN GCVZNXA

X0>:8>80>:

NOOAVN XNINJDNOA HNDNXSJJAO

X0>:8>8083

KNMXA NVDNXA N.

X0>:8>806;

FCFC LAXNOA NXIAO

X0>:8>80::

NXJAQNOVQND OEFD

X0>:8>800>

PXNLZAL PXEKCVA LCPCXNRNZNO ICJALNG HCJND AA PXEBXNI VZSJA PXEKCVA OCXV KNLSGZNV LCPCXNRNZNO SOA[CXVAZNV DNVNOSJJAO INLNVVNX  8088

 

HNH A PCOJNDSGSNO N.

Gntnr Hcgnlnob

Zeosagatas njngnd pcrnjnobno teosag pngntaon ynob icrupnlno hnbano jnra faofao Rngjcycr. Rngjcycr. Faofao Faofao Rngjcycr Rngjcycr tcrjara jnra hchcrnpn hnbano erbno gaikn ynob tcrjnpnt jajngni reobbn iugut ynatu teosag knraobcng, teosag pngntaon, teosag gaobung jno teosag tuhn Custnfdaus. Pcoychnrno aokclsa icgngua ujnrn , tnobno jno fauino. Ha Hansn nsnoy oynn tcrmn tcrmnja ja pn pnjn jn sc sciu iunn us usan an tcru tcrutn tnin in pn pnjn jn no nonl nl (Vec (Vecpn pnrj rja, a, Asln Aslnoj ojnr nr,, Hnsdarujjao, & Xcstuta, 80>2). Zeosagatas icrupnlno hnbano jnra aokclsa sngurno  pcronknsno nlut (AVPN) (Lcpicolcs XA, 80>4). Zeosagatas njngnd pcoynlat ynob uiui jno sclatnr >,6% jnra luomuobno rnwnt mngno. Aoa schnbano hcsnr icrupnlno dnsag jnra aokclsa varus ntnu hnltcra. (Iccbnggn & Jewos, 8088) (Instcrs, ]czekk, & Gnsrnje, 8088). Hcrj Hc rjns nsnrl nrlno no dn dnsag sag su surv rvcy cy scgni scgninn >0 tn tndu duo o (p (pcr crae aejc jc 80 8006 06-8 -80> 0>8) 8) ja schnoyn oynl l 6.1 6.16; 6; pns pnsaco aco jag jagnlu nlulno lno  Oerkegl noj Oerwafd Soavcrsaty Despatng   schn teosagclteia ynob tcrjara jnra >.30> (64%) ernob jcwnsn jno 8.6:3 (;8%) nonlnonl. Vcgnin pcraejc ynob snin, 3.;8 3.;82 2 pnsac pnsaco o jarnwn jarnwntt jcob jcobno no teosa teosagatas, gatas, jainon 8.62; njngnd ernob jcwnsn (:8%) jno 6.83> njngnd nonl-nonl (34%) (Iaggaobteo & Pdaggaps, 80>:). 80>:). Zeosaga Zeo sagatas tas lreoas lreoas icrupn icrupnlno lno pcoynl pcoynlat at ynob ynob pngaob pngaob scraob scraob tcrmnja tcrmnja jnra jnra sciunn pcoynl sciu pcoynlat at tcobbe tcobberel rel ynob ynob hcrugn hcrugnob. ob. Zeosa Zeosagat gatas as lreoas lreoas uiuioy uiuioynn tcrmnj tcrmnjaa nlahnt leipgalnsa teosagatas nlut, tcrutnin ynob tajnl icojnpnt tcrnpa njclunt. Vcgnao pcobehntno teosagatas nlut ynob tajnl njclunt, knlter prcjaspesasa taihugoyn

 

teosagatas lreoas gnao njngnd dabaco iugut ynob hurul, lcgcgndno kasal jno hchcrnpn  mcoas inlnono (Inugnon Knld, Oevangja, & Cgintras, 80>;). 80>;). Lcgudn Lcg udno o utnin utnin ynob ynob jaoynt jaoyntnln nlno o pcojcr pcojcratn atn teosag teosagata atass lreoas lreoas hcrnbn hcrnbni i lnrcon bcmngn teosagatas lreoas hcrvnransa, bcmngn gelng ynatu rnsn tajnl oynino pnjn tcobb tco bber erel elno no nl nlah ahnt nt nj njno noyn yn pc pcih ihcsn csnrno rno ul ulur urno no te teos osag ag scdao scdaobb bbnn nj njnn rn rnsn sn icobbnomng ja tcobberel, susnd icocgno jno oycra ntnu snlat icocgno lnrcon rnjnob teosag ynob hcrugnob. Bcmngn sastcias ynatu rnsn tajnl conl hnjno, oycra lcpngn, jcini, oycra etet jno pcrscojano. Bcmngn lgaoas ynatu teosag jcobno lraptn icgchn icg chnr, r, pgaln pgaln teosagn teosagnras ras notcrae notcraerr dapcrci dapcrcias, as, pcihco pcihcobln blnlno lno lcgcom lcgcomnr nr gaikc gaikc rcbaeong jno dapcrtreka teosag ynob jnpnt icoychnhlno ehstruftavc sgccp npocn (EVN) jcobno bcmngn icojcoblur/ icojcoblur/ icoberel icoberel lctaln lctaln tajur, tajur, tcrhnobuo tcrhnobuo tahn-tahn tahn-tahn lnrcon scsnl ntnu dcota onkns, scraob icobnotul, bcgasnd, pcrdntano hcrlurnob jno  prcstnsa hcgnmnr icouruo (Iustekn, Vusnota, & Nzazn, 8080). Gnpern Gnp erno o lnsus lnsus aoa hcrkel hcrkelus us pnjn pnjn nsudno nsudno lcpcrnw lcpcrnwntno ntno pnsaco pnsaco jcobno jcobno janboesn teosagatas lreoas ja runob pcrnwntno Hnma Jnlln XVSJ Gnhunob Hnma Inlnssnr. H.

Zumuno

>. Sotul Sotul icobc icobctnd tndua ua leoscp leoscp pcoynl pcoynlat at teosaga teosagatas tas 8. Sotul Sotul icobctndu icobctnduaa nsudno nsudno lcpcrnwntno lcpcrnwntno pnjn pnsaco pnsaco jcobno jcobno teosagatas teosagatas 6. Sotul Sotul icobctndu icobctnduaa lcscsunano/l lcscsunano/lcscomno cscomnobno bno notnrn notnrn leoscp leoscp jno prnltal prnltal ja ja XV

 

HNH AA LEOVCP LCPCXNRNZNO N.

Nsudno Lcpcrnwntno Zcera

>. Leos Leoscp cp Pc Pcoy oynl nlat at n. Jckaoasa Zeosag (ninojcg) tcrjara jnra mnraobno gaikntal jno tcrgctnl ja sctanp sasa ereknraob. Zeosag pngntaon jno teosag teosag gaobung gaobung insaob-insaob insaob-insaob tcrgctnl ja  hcgnlnob pagnr tcobberelno jno gajnd. Icrcln scraob icomnja tcipnt aokclsa nlut (teosagatas). Zeosagatas (rnjnob ninojcg) njngnd pcoynlat ynob uiui jno icrupnlno >,6% jnra luomuobno rnwnt mngno (Daolgc & Fdccvcr, 80>2).  h. Ctaegeba Zeosagatas uiuioyn icrupnlno dnsag jnra aokclsa, ynob iuoblao varus ntnu hnltcra. Ctaegeba varus njngnd ynob pngaob uiui. Pcoychnh varus yn ynob ob pn pnga gaob ob uiui uiui hans hansno noyn yn yn ynob ob icoy icoych chnh nhln lno o kgu kgu ha hans nsn, n, tc tcri rins nsul  ul  rdaoevarus, rcsparntery syofytang varus (XV[), njcoevarus, jno fereonvarus. Aokc Aokcls lsaa

hnlt hnltcr craa

hans hansno noyn yn jasc jaschn hnhl hlno no eg egcd cd br brup up N

hc hctn tn-d -dci cieg egyt ytaf af

Vtrcpt Vtr cptefe efeffu ffuss (BNHD (BNHDV), V), tctnpa tctnpa Vtnpdy Vtnpdygef gefeff effus us nurcus nurcus,, Vtrcpt Vtrcptefe efeffu ffuss  pocuieoanc, jno Dnciepdagus aokgucozn mubn jnpnt icoychnhlnooyn (Nojcseo & Pntcrcl, 808>). f. Inoa Inoakc kcst stns nsaa lgao lgaoas as Bcmngn teosagatas icgaputa snlat tcobberelno, jcini, jno jasknban (sugat (sug at icocgn icocgno). o). Vcgnao Vcgnao atu, atu, teosaga teosagatas tas mubn mubn jnpnt jnpnt icoych icoychnhl nhlno no dngate dngatesas sas (onp (onpns ns husu husul) l),, icoj icojco cobl blur ur,, jno jno ej ejao aoek eknb nban an (o (oyc ycra ra sn snnt nt icoc icocgn gno) o) (Ngnsinra, Hninsdieus, & Ngsduwnylno, 80>2). j. Pcon Pcontn tngn gnls lsno nonno nno icja icjass Hchcrn Hch crnpn pn pcontng pcontngnls nlsnon nonno no icjas icjas ynob ynob jahcra jahcralno lno pnjn pnjn pnsaco pnsaco teosag teosagata atas, s, notnrn gnao = >) Notaha tahae etal tal

 

Notah No tahaet aetal al scpcrta scpcrta pcoafa pcoafagao gao icrupn icrupnlno lno pagadn pagadno o pcobeh pcobehntno ntno ynob ynob jabuonlno ldususoyn pnjn teosagatas ynob jaschnhlno egcd hnltcra (Ngetnaha, 80>2). 8) Nongb ngbcs csal al Nongb No ngbcsal csal jahcra jahcralno lno pnjn pnjn pnsaco pnsaco jcobno jcobno oycra oycra tcobbe tcobberel relno no ynob ynob jaschn jas chnhln hlno o egcd egcd teosaga teosagatas tas.. Nongbc Nongbcsal sal scpcrta scpcrta oeo stcreaj stcreajng ng nota nota aokgnintery aokgni ntery jrubs (OVNAJs) (OVNAJs) iciagala iciagala ckcltakatns ckcltakatns ynob taobba taobba jno iciaga ici agala la ckcl snipao snipaob b ynob ynob iaoain iaoaing. g. Hchcrn Hchcrnpn pn nongbc nongbcsal sal ynob ynob jahcra jah cralno lno scpcrta scpcrta ahupre ahuprekco kco,, jalgek jalgekcon conl, l, jno lctere lcteregnf gnf (Ngetn (Ngetnaha aha,, 80>2). 6) Zeos Zeosag agcl clte teia ia Zeosagclteia njngnd prescjur pcobnoblntno teosag jcobno ntnu tnopn  pcobnoblntno

lcgcomnr

njcoeaj.

Zeosagcltclteia

jagnlulno

ldususo ldu susoyn yn pnjn pnjn pnsaco pnsaco jcobno jcobno teosag teosagata atass lreoas lreoas (Ngetn (Ngetnaha aha,, 80>2). 80>2). Aojalnsa teosagclteia jahcjnlno icomnja 8 , ynatu = n) Ao Aoja jaln lnsa sa Xcgn Xcgnta tak  k  Pnsaco icobcgudlno icobcgudlno njnoyn aokclsa aokclsa hcrugnob hcrugnob (Qugaynoa, (Qugaynoa, ct ng., 8088). 8088 ). Zcrmnja 6 lnga ntnu gchad aokclsa teosag pcrtnduo. pcrtnduo. Aokclsa Aokclsa teosag tajnl icihnal icihnal jcobno jcobno pcihcrano pcihcrano notahaetal notahaetal (Vralnoja, (Vralnoja, Vutnocbnrn, & Vufaptn, 80>3).  h) Aojalnsa Nhsegut Pnsac Pnsaco o

icob icobcg cgud udln lno o

nj njno noyn yn lc lcsu suga gatn tno o

hc hcro ronp npns, ns, lc lcsu suga gatn tno o

icocgno jno bnobbuno tajur (icoberel) (Qugaynoa, ct ng., 8088). Aojalnsa nhsegut jatnojna jcobno njnoyn pcgchnrno pnjn lraptn teosag ynob hcrasa jctratus. jctratus. Vcgnao atu, jatciulno jatciulno dapcrtreka dapcrtreka teosag ynob icoychnhlno suihntno mngno onpns ntns, lcsugatno icocgno, bnobbuno bnobb uno tajur jno nhscs pcrateosagcr pcrateosagcr (Vralnoja, (Vralnoja, Vutno Vutnocbnrn, cbnrn, & Vufaptn, 80>3). :) Lra rapt pte egasa gasass Lraptesas icrupnlno ictejc uotul icoyusutlno teosag jcobno fnrn icichc ici chcral ralno no sudu sudu pnons pnons ntnu ntnu jaobao jaobao pnjn pnjn mnraob mnraobno no teosag teosag scfnrn scfnrn

 

aotcrst aot crstasan asang. g. Nlahnt Nlahntoyn oyn,, mnraobn mnraobno o teosag teosag nlno nlno icihco icihcotul tul mnraobn mnraobno o  pnrut jno icoyusut (Ngetnaha, 80>2). 80>2). 3) Njco Njcoea eajc jcft ftei eiaa Njcoeajcfteia ynatu prescjur pcobnoblntno scgurud njcoeaj icgngua ereknra ere knraob ob ntnu icgngu icgnguaa guhnob guhnob dajuob dajuob icobbu icobbuonl onlno no cojesl cojeslep epaa (Xusinrmeoe & Lnrtecsecjare, 8002). 8002). c. Preboesas Vcfnrn uiui, pnsaco teosagatas iciagala preboesas mnobnln pnomnob ynob hnal jno tnopn leipgalnsa . Vchnbano hcsnr lnsus njngnd aokclsa ynob jnpnt scihud scojara lnrcon ja pcobnruda egcd bcmngn sasn ynob iaoaing. Vcgnao atu, dng tcrschut mubn japcobnruda egcd juluobno pcobehntno scpcra nongbcsal jno notahaetal scrtn dajrnsa iugut (Nojcrseo & Pntcrcl, 808>). Vchnbano hcsnr teosagatas varus scihud jngni 2->0 dnra, scjnoblno teosagatas  hnltcra jcobno tcrnpa notahaetal scsuna iugna icihnal jngni 8:-:4 mni. Pcihcrano ntnu pciagadno tcrnpa notahaetal jngni pcontngnlsnonno teosagatas  pcrgu icipcrdntalno hnltcra pcoychnh scsuna jcobno hulta ciparas ynob njn, scdaobbn nlno jnpnt icoburnoba rcsastcosa hnltcra tcrdnjnp notahaetal. Pnjn hchcrnpn lnsus, teosaggatas jnpnt icomnja suihcr aokclsa scraus scpcrta bgei bgeicr crug ugeo eock ckrat ratas as ntnu ntnu jc jcin ini i rcint rcintal al.. Egcd Egcd ln lnrco rconn atu atu ja japc pcrg rgul ulno no  pconobnono ynob tcpnt pnjn pcoynlat aoa (Qugaynoa, C. N. Ounhn, B. N. Xntonwnta, I. G., Vctanwno, C. P. 80>3). Ierhajatns jnpnt icoaoblnt maln teosaga teo sagatas tas hcrugn hcrugnob ob scdaob scdaobbn bn icobbn icobbnobb obbu u nltava nltavatns tns jngni jngni sclegn sclegnd d jno  hclcrmn (Bcerbngns, 80>:) Zeosaga Zeo sagatas tas hcrugn hcrugnob ob ntnu ntnu rcluar rcluarco co ynob ynob jaschu jaschutt teosaga teosagatas tas lreoal lreoal.. Njnpuo Knlter prcjaspesasa taihugoyn teosagatas lreoal angnd rnobsnobno ynob iconduo jnra relel, hcrhnbna mcoas inlnono, dabacoc iugut ynob  hurul, pcobnrud funfn, lcgcgndno kasal jno pcobehntno teosagatas nlut ynob tajnl njclunt Maln bcmngn bcmngn icobbnobbu icobbnobbu pnsaco jno hcrugnob hcrugnob jcobno scgnob wnltu ynob scraob wngnupuo tcrnpa sujnd njclunt, ntnu pnsaco icipuoyna tnojn aokclsa pnjn jncrnd ynob mnud jngni tuhud ynob jaschnhlno egcd kelng aokclsa ja teosag, teosag, uotul uotul atu jnpnt jagnlulno jagnlulno pcobnoblntno pcobnoblntno teosag ntnu teosagclteia (Vernyn, N. N. J, 80>8).

 

k. Pc Pcic icra rals lsnn nno o pcou pcouom omno nob b Janboesas teosagatas jajnsnrlno pnjn dnsag noniocsas, pcicralsnno kasal jno  pcicralsnno pcouomnob. Pcicralsnno pcouomnob teosagatas teosagatas icgaputa= >. Vwnh Zco Zcobber bberelno elno 8. Kete pege pegess onseknraob onseknraob gntcrng 6. Pnsfn Pnsfn ep epcr crnsa nsa== Pcic Pcicra rals lsnn nno o dast dastep epnt nteg egeb ebaa mn mnrao raobn bno o te teos osag ag jn jno/ o/nt ntnu nu njcoeaj npnhagn jafurabna lcbnonsno (Xusinrmeoe & Lnrtecsecjare, 8002). 8. Leos Leoscp cp Nsu Nsudn dno o Lcpcrn Lcpcrnwn wntn tno o n. Pcoblnmano Pcobln Pco blnman mano o lcpcrnw lcpcrnwntn ntno o icrupn icrupnlno lno tndnpn tndnpno o jngni jngni icobaj icobajcot cotakal akalnsa nsa jntn-jntn, icobuipuglno aokerinsa ynob hcrlcsaonihuobno scfnrn tcrusicocrus tcrdnjnp leojasa pnsaco/lgaco (Dnrckn, 80>1). Icourut (Xndnrme, 80>4), pcoblnmano lcpcrnwntno icgaputa = n. Ajcotatns -

Aj Ajco cota tatn tnss pn pnsa saco co = Onin Onin,, uiur, uiur, tc tcip ipnt nt tnobb tnobbng ng gndar gndar,, mc mcoa oass lc lcgni gniao ao,, ngnint, pclcrmnno, sulu/hnobsn, nbnin, stntus pcrlnwaono, tnobbng insul ruind snlat (IXV), oeier rcbastcr, jno janboesn icjal.

-

Ajcota Ajcotatns tns pcono pconobbu bbuobm obmnwnh nwnh = Onin, Onin, uiur, uiur, mcoa mcoass lcgnia lcgniao, o, ngnin ngnint, t,  pclcrmnno, scrtn stntus duhuobno jcobno pnsaco.

 h. Lcgudno utnin -

Jcini Jcini = suhkch suhkchras, ras, kchr kchras as (:0-:> (:0-:>°F) °F) dagno dagnob b taihug, taihug, scdao scdaobbn bbn pnsac pnsaco o tajnl pcrond tcrhchns jnra jcini aokgucozn. Lcnjnno aoa snobnt japcobnrudua egcd jnyn tndno tuhud pnsaco

-

Xnj njnnob tcobberelno

-

Lcsuga Lcsugatno tno icocgn icocgno o (jas (jasknb knban) an) ntnu snlat snlat ssnnt nnt icocgn icocgno o

-

Zuhu Zuhud d gci gcins ns ntnu ntnu lcg lcgcg cgnd ndno no (knta (kntabu buc) c)

f. Xa Xawn wnyn yntt p pco coyn ynla latt scln sclnrn rnob ob Pcoblnmano ynob icojuluob lcgudno utnin jcobno icihcralno  pcrtnoynno tcotnob lreoegeba lcgudno utnin pnjn pnsaco, scpcrta iuof iu ofug ugoy oynn rnjno rnjnob b pn pnjn jn tcob tcobbe bere reln lno, o, hn hntu tul, l, jn jno o oy oycr craa pn pnjn jn sn snnt nt icocgno. Znoynlno mubn bnmngn-bcmngn gnao ynob icobbnobbu pnsaco.

 

j. Xa Xawn wnyn yntt pco pcoyn ynla latt jndu jndugu gu Sotul Sot ul icobct icobctndu nduaa rawnyn rawnyntt pcoynl pcoynlat at jndugu jndugu tnoynl tnoynlno no lcpnjn lcpnjn  pnsaco npnlnd pnsaco schcguioyn icojcratn oycra pnjn tcobberelno, jgg. Znoynlno mubn ehnt-ehntno ynob hansnoyn jaiaoui egcd pnsaco pnjn insn gngu uotul icoburnoba rnsn oycra ynob jarnsnlno, ynob iuoblao insad rcgcvno. c. Xawnynt Xawnynt pcoynlat pcoynlat lcgunrb lcgunrbnn = Icoblnma Icoblnma njnoyn njnoyn nobbetn nobbetn bcocrnsa bcocrnsa tcrjndug tcrjndugu u ynob icojcratn pcoynlat teosaggatas ntnu inojcg. k. Xa Xawn wnyn yntt pcob pcobeh ehntn ntno o schc schcgu guio ioyn yn -

Lnpno Lnpno pnsaco pnsaco icoj icojnpn npntln tlno o pcobeh pcobehntn ntno o ynob ynob hcrduh hcrduhuob uobno no jcobno jcobno  pcoynlatoyn

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Mcoas, Mcoas, wnron wnron jno jno jes jesas as ehnt ehnt ynob ynob jaia jaiaoui oui egcd egcd pnsa pnsaco co

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Hcrnpn Hcrnpn gnin gnin pnsa pnsaco co icom icomngn ngnoa oa pcobe pcobehnt hntno no scduh scduhuob uobno no jcob jcobno no  pcoynlatoyn

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Lnpno Lnpno pnsac pnsaco o icojn icojnpnt pntlno lno pcobeh pcobehntn ntno o tcrnl tcrnldar dar jnra jnra padn padnl l  puslcsins ntnu ruind snlat

b. Xa Xawn wnyn yntt ps psal ales eses esan angg Icomcgnslno tcotnob sastci pcojuluob hansnoyn jnra pnsnobno, nonl, non l, nobbet nobbetnn lcgunr lcgunrbn bn gna gnao o ntnu ntnu tcino tcino jclnt. jclnt. Xawnyn Xawnyntt psales psalesesa esang ng icgapu icg aputa ta aokeri aokerinsa nsa icobco icobcona na rcspeo rcspeo hnbnai hnbnainon non pnsaco pnsaco jno lcgunr lcgunrbn bn icobdnjnpa tclnono ynob jangnia (Pcrry jno pettcr, 80>0). d. Pc Pcic icra rals lsnn nno o kas kasal  al  -

Aotcbr Aotcbratns atns cbe cbe = pcrns pcrnsnno nno tnlu tnlut, t, ldnwn ldnwntar tar jno jno nosact nosactns, ns, pufn pufnt, t, jno jno  hcrlcraobnt

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Inlnon Inlnono o ntnu ntnu fnarno fnarno = lcsug lcsugatn atno o icocgn icocgno, o, iujnd iujnd tcrj tcrjcsnl csnl,, icihrn icihrno o iulesn lcraob

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Oycra Oycra ntnu ntnu lcoyni lcoyninon nono o = oycr oycraa pnjn pnjn jncr jncrnd nd tcob tcobber bereln elno o snnt snnt jabuonlno uotul icocgno inlnono/iaouino, jno pcoychnrno oycra snipna lc tcgaobn

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Zeos Zeosag ag icih icihcsn csnrr jno jno hcrw hcrwnr nron on lc lcic icrn rndn dno o

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Zcrjnp Zcrjnpnt nt oycra oycra tcln tclno, o, njno njnoyn yn pcih pcihcob coblnl lnlno no pnjn pnjn lcgc lcgcomn omnrr gaikc gaikc

 

Dcnj te tec Njnpuo pcicralsnno dcnj te tec ynob jagnlulno pnjn pcoynlat teosaggatas, notnrn gnao schnbna hcralut = n. Lcpn Lcpngn gn = hco hcotu tul l , lcsa lcsaic ictr trasn asno o  h. Intn= leomuobtavn= nocias, altcral ntnu tajnl 5 f. Iugut= Iugut= npnlnd npnlnd njn tnojn tnojn aokcls aokclsaa 5 j. Zcgaobn Zcgaobn = leter leter ntnu ntnu tajnl, tajnl, njn scruico ntnu tajnl, tajnl, lcsaictr lcsaictrasno asno c. Iuln Iuln.

Janboesn lcpcrnwntno

Eutfeic

Aotcrvcosa

Oycra Nlut (J.002)

Vctcgnd jagnlulno aotcrvcosa

Inonmcico oycra (A.0486;)

Lntcbera= psalegebas

lcpcrnwntno jadnrnpnlno Zaoblnt

Ehscrvnsa

Vuhlntcbera= oycra jno lcoyninono

oycra pnsaco jnpnt icouruo



jcobno lratcran dnsag= Pcoychnh 

Nbco pcofcjcrn kasaegebas (ias. aoknrinsa, gnlcian, ocepgnsin)









Nbco pcofcjcrn kasal (ias.nhscs, niputnsa, tcrhnlnr, tcrpeteob, icobnoblnt hcrnt, prescjur epcrnsa, trnuin, gntadno kasal hcrgchadno)

Bcmngn jno tnojn inyer= 

Icobcgud oycra



lnrnltcrastal, jurnsa, krclunosa, lungatns,

Lcgudno oycra hcrlurnob Bcgasnd hcrlurnob Zajnl icobngnia lcsugatno tajur lnrcon oycra



Icraobas icouruo



Krclucosa onja icihnal 



Pegn onpns icihnal 

Ajcotakalnsa gelnsa,



aotcosatns oycra Ajcotakalnsa slngn oycra



Ajcotakalnsa rcspeo oycra oeo vcrhng

Zcrnputal  

Hcralno tcloal oeo

Vctcgnd jagnlulno aotcrvcosa

knrinlegeba uotul

Znipnl icraobas

lcpcrnwntno jadnrnpnlno Leotreg

icoburnoba rnsn oycra



Bcgasnd

oycra pnsaco jnpnt icoaoblnt



Krclucosa onja icoaoblnt

jcobno lratcran dnsag=



Vugat tajur 



Bcmngn jno tnojn iaoer=

Icgnperlno oycra tcrleotreg



Leotreg gaobluobno ynob icipcrhcrnt rnsn oycra

Cjulnsa 

Nmnrlno tcloal oeo

 



Pegn onpns hcruhnd



Leojasa lgaoas tcrlnat= 

Leojasa pcihcjndno



Aokclsa

Lcinipuno icobbuonlno

knrinlegeba uotul

tcloal oeoknrinlegeba

icoburnoba oycra

(VGLA, 80>2)

Legnhernsa 

Legnhernsa pcihcrano nongbctal 

(VJLA, 80>2)

(VALA, 80>2) 8.

Dapcrtcian (J.0>60)

Vctcgnd jagnlulno aotcrvcosa

Pcrnwntno jcini (62:0 )

Lntcbera= Gaobluobno

lcpcrnwntno jadnrnpnlno

Ehscrvnsa=

Vuhlntcbera= Lcninono jno pretclsa

tcriercbugnsa pnsaco icihnal



jcobno lratcran dnsag= Pcoynhnh= Prescs pcoynlat



Bcmngn jno tnojn inyer= 

Vudu tuhud ja ntns oagna oering

Bcmngn jno tnojn iaoer= 

Znlalnrja



Znlapocn



Lugat tcrnsn dnobnt

Leojasa lgaoas tcrlnat= prescs aokclsa (VJLA, 80>2)

Vudu tuhud jngni rcotnob

tnojn-tnojn vatng gnaooyn 

oering 

Zajnl icobbabag



Vudu tuhud icihnal 





Znlalnrja icouruo Znlapocn icouruo



Vudu lugat icihnal 

(VGLA, 80>2)

Ieoater sudu tuhud jno

Ieoater wnron lugat jno sudu



Ieoater nsupno jno lcgunrno fnarno

Zcrnpcutal= Zutup pnsaco jcobno 

scgaiut dnobnt (pnjn knsc jaobao), hcralno pnlnano ntnu gaoco raobno (pnjn knsc jcini jno knsc

 

 hcrbcmegnl/kgusd) 

Knsagatnsa astarnd



Hcra leiprcs dnobnt

Cjulnsa= 

Jereob uotul leosuisa fnarno

Legnhernsa= 

Legnhernsa pcihcrano fnarno jno cgcltregat aornvcon



Legnhernsa pcihcrano ehnt notaparctal, nota icobbabag ntnu notahaetal 

(OAF, 80>4) 6.

Hcrsadno Mngno Onpns Onpns Zajnl Ckcltak Ckcltak (J.000>)

Vctcgnd jagnlulno aotcrvcosa

Inonmcico Mngno Onpns

Lntcbera= kasaegebas

lcpcrnwntno hcrsadno mngno

(A.0>0>>)

Vuhlntcbera= rcsparnsa

onpns pnsaco icoaoblnt jcobno

Ehscrvnsa =

lratcran dnsag= Pcoychnh= Dapcrpgnsan jaojaob mngno onpns.

 

Bcmngn jno tnojn inyer =



Ieoater pegn onpns

Icoba ntnu wdcczaob

(krclucosa, lcjngnino,

 hcrlurnob

usndn onpns)

 



Icoba, wdcczaob jno / ntnu reolda lcraob.

Bcmngn jno Znojn Iaoer.

Ieoater huoya onpns

 

Jyspocn hcrlurnob

 

Ertpeocn hcrlurnob

tnihndno (ias< burbgaob,





Jaspocn.

 

Bcgasn hcrlurnob

icoba, wdcczaob, reolda



Ertepocn.

 

Krclunosa onpns oering

lcraob)



Bcgasnd.

 

Pegn onpns oering



Krclucosa onpns hcruhnd.



Pegn onpns hcruhnd.



Ieoater sputui (muignd, wnron, nrein)

Zcrnpcutal = 

Leojasa Lgaoas Zcrlnat = Aokclsa sngurno Onpns.

Pesasalno scia kewgcr ntnu kewgcr 

(VJLA, 80>2) 

Gnlulno pcobdasnpno gcojar lurnob jnra >3 jctal 



Hcralno elsabco, maln pcrgu

Cjulnsa = 

Nmnrlno tcloal hntul ckcltak 

Legnhernsa = Legnhernsa pcihcrano 

 hreolejagnter, clspclterno, iulegatal, maln pcrgu :.

Bnobbuno Icocgno (J.00;8)

Vctcgnd jagnlulno aotcrvcosa

Juluobno Pcrnwntno Jara=

Lntcbera= Kasaegebas

lcpcrnwntno stntus icocgno 

Inlno/Iaoui (A.>>63>)

 

Vuhlntcbera= Ocurescoser 

 pnsaco icihnal jcobno lratcran

Ehscrvnsa =

dnsag= Pcoychnh= Nhoeringatns ereknraob, Ehstrulsa iclnoas Bcmngn jno Znojn Inyer  

Icobcgcud sugat icocgno



Inlnono tcrtaobbng ja reobbn iugut

 

Ssndn icocgcno icoaoblnt

 

Icipcrtndnolno inlnono

 

Rnltu inlno gnin



Persa inlno tajnl dnhas

Pcocrainno inlnono

Ieoater lcinipuno icocgno



Ieoater stntus dajrnsa  pnsaco, maln pcrgu

jaiugut icoaoblnt

Bcmngn jno Znojn Iaoer  



Zcrnpcutal =

icihnal 



Ntur pesasa ynob oynino uotul inlno/iaoui



(VJLA, 80>2)

Hcralno hnotuno snnt inlno/iaoui scsuna taoblnt lcinojarano, maln pcrgu

Legnhernsa = 

Legnhernsa pcihcrano ehnt (ias< nongbcsal, notacictal), scsuna aojalnsa

3.

Xasale Jckasat Outrasa (J. 0068 )

Vctcgnd jagnlulno aotcrvcosa

Inonmcico Outrasa (A.06>>1)

Lntcbera= Kasaegebas

lcpcrnwntno insngnd Vtntus

Ehscrvnsa =

Vuhlntcbra= Outrasa jno fnarno

outrasa pnsaco icihnal jcobno



Ieoater nsupno inlnono

Knlter rasale=

lratcran dnsag=



Ieoater iung jno

 



Lctajnlinipuno icocgno inlnono



Knlter psalegebas (ias. strcs, lccobnono uotul



jadnhaslno icoaoblnt

inlno)



iuotnd

Persa inlno ynob

Zcrnpcutal =

Lcluntno etete icocgno



schcgui inlno

icoaoblnt

Leojasa lgaoas tcrlnat= Aokclsa 

(VJLA, 80>2)

Krclucosa inlno

Cjulnsa =

icoaoblnt 

Gnlulno erng dybacoc



Nomurlno pesasa jujul snnt inlno, maln inipu

 Onksu inlno icihnal 

Legnhernsa = 

Legnhernsa pcihcrano icjalnsa notacictal 

;.

Bnobbuno Xnsn Oynino (J.002:)

Vctcgnd jagnlulno taojnlno

Zcrnpa Xcgnlsnsa (A.0168;)

Lntcbera= Psalegebas

lcpcrnwntno jadnrnplno stntus

Ehscrvnsa =

Vuhlntcbera= Oycra jno lcoyninono

lcoyninono lgaco jnpnt



icoaoblnt jcobno lratcran dnsag= Pcoychnh= Bcmngn pcoynlal 



Bcmngn jno tnojn inyer=

Ajcotakalnsa pcouruono taoblnt cocrba,

Lcgudno tajnl oynino icouruo

lctajnlinipuno  hcrleoscotrnsa, ntnu bcmngn



Icobcgud tajnl oynino



Bcgasnd icouruo

gnao ynob icobbnobbu



Bcgasnd



Lcgudno sugat tajur icouruo

lcinipuno leboatak 



Icraotad icouruo

Bcmngn jno tnojn iaoer= 

Icobcgud sugat tajur 

Zcrnpcutal = 

Buonlno rcgnlsnsa schnbna

 



Znipnl icraotad

strntcba pcouomnob jcobno



Zajnl inipu ragcls

nongbctal ntnu taojnlno icjas gnao

Leojasa lgaoas tcrlnat= pcoynlat lreoas

Cjulnsa =

(VJLA, 80>2)



Mcgnslno tumuno tcrnpa rcgnlsnsa



Jcieostrnsalno jno gntad tcloal rcgnlsnsa (onpns jngni)

2.

Xasale Pcrjnrndno (J.00>8 )

Vctcgnd jagnlulno taojnlno

Pcofcbndno Pcrjnrndno

Lntcbera= Kasaegebas

lcpcrnwntno jadnrnplno taoblnt

(A.080;2)

Vuhlntcbera= Varlugnsa

pcrjnrndno jnpnt icouruo 

Ehscrvnsa =

jcobno lratcran dnsag= Knlter rasale= 

Zaojnlno pcihcjndno.



Lurnob tcrpnpnr aokerinsa tcotnob pcofcbndno  pcofcbndno pcrjnrndno.

Leojasa tcrlnat= Zaojnlno Pcihcjndno.



Zclnono jnrnd jngni

Ieoater tnojn jno bcmngn  pcrjnrndno

Pcrjnrndno pnsfn epcrnsa icouruo





Zcrnpcutal = 

Pcrtndnolno hcj rcst scgnin  pcrjnrndno

rcotnob oering 

(VJLA, 80>2)

Hntnsa taojnlno aovnsavc,  maln pcrgu

Cjulnsa =

 



Mcgnslno tnojn jno bcmngn  pcrjnrndno



Nomurlno scbcrn icgnper  maln tcrmnja pcrjnrndno pcrjnrndno

Legnhernsa = 

Legnhernsa pcihcrano ehnt  pcobeotregno pcrjnrndno,  maln pcrgu

 

H.

Rch ek Fnutaeo (REF)

  

HNH AAA GNPEXNO LNVSV N.

Pcoblnmano

PCOBLNMANO LCPCXNRNZNO ICJALNG HCJND (LIH) Onin/XI = Oy. X / 611:13  M  Mccoas Lcgniao = P Siur = :; Znduo Xunobno = Hnma Jnlln Jntn Pcoblnmano Znobbng = 81 Kchrunra 8088 V = 64,>⁰F, P = 80 x/iot, O = 44 x/iot, VnE8 = 12% ZJ = >00/20 iiDb Fnrn jcobno = Fnrn Slur⃙ =  Hcrjara⃙  Hcrhnraob⃙   Jujul  ⃙  Mngno lnla  ⃙  Lursa rejn ⃙  Hrnolnrj  ⃙  Gnaooyn = ZH = >:3 fi HH = 30 lb AIZ = 86,2 lb/i8 Jntnob icgngua = ⃙   SBJ    Pegalgaoal = ZDZ ⃙   EL    ⃙   Gnaooyn = Janboesn Insul = Zeosagatas lreoal  Janboesas Icjas = Zeosagatas lreoal  Lcgudno utnin = Pnsaco icobntnlno icobntnlno oycra tcobberelno, tcobberelno, oycra hcrtnihnd hcrtnihnd snnt icocgno, ¾> ¾> icoat, tcrnsn pcrad jno icobbnomng pnjn tcobberelno , slngn oycra 6

Xawnynt Xawny nt Lcgudno Lcgudno  = Xnsn icobbnomng icobbnomng ja tcobberel tcobberelno, no, oycr oycraa snnt icocgno jno lnjnob-ln lnjnob-lnjnob jnob lcsugatno icocgno jangnia scmnl > tnduo ynob gngu jno icihcrnt > iaobbu schcgui insul ruind snlat Xawnynt Ngcrba = Njn/ Zajnl 

 Sjnrn jaobao⃙  Ehnt⃙ =   Jchu= ⃙  Gnaooyn = Pcobbuonno ngnt hnotu = Qn/ Zajnl  ⃙   Lnfnintn= ⃙  Ngnt hnotu jcobnr= ⃙  Baba pngsu =   ⃙  Lrul/  Lrul/wnglcr/  wnglcr/ lursarejn= lursarejn= ⃙  Gnaooyn = Xawnynt Pnsaco Xawnynt pcoynlat = Qn/Zajnl  ⃙ Dapcrtcosa  ⃙  PPEL = ⃙  Janhctcs = ⃙ Lnolcr= ⃙  Pcoynlat mnotuob  ⃙ Nsin =   ⃙  Dcpntatas =   ⃙  Vtrelc= ⃙   ZH =   ⃙  Bnobbuno icotng = Zajnl ⃙  Gnaooyn = Xawnynt epcrnsa = Qn/Zajnl Lct = Epcrnsa scsnr 83 tnduo ynob gngu Icrelel = Qn/ Zajnl  Leosuisa ngfedeg = Qn/ Zajnl  Xawnynt Pcoynlat Lcgunrbn ⃙    Dapcrtcosa =  ⃙  PPEL = ⃙  Janhctcs = ⃙  Lnolcr= ⃙   Pcoynlat mnotuob = ⃙  Nsin= ⃙  Dcpntatas = ⃙  Vtrelc    Bnobbuno icotng = ⃙   ZH = ⃙   ⃙  Gnaooyn = Psalesesang/Cleoeia Vtntus pcroalndno⃙ =  Hcgui icoalnd   Mnojn/jujn    Icoalnd ⃙   Lcgunrbn =   ⃙  Zaobbng hcrsnin lcgunrbn ⃙  Zaobbng scojara Zcipnt taobbng =  ⃙  Xuind   ⃙  Pnota   ⃙  Gnaooyn = Pclcrmnno =   ⃙  NVO  Rarnswnstn⃙    Pcosauono   ⃙  Gnaooyn = Vtntus ciesa =   ⃙ Leepcrntak    ⃙  Zajnl leepcrntak  Pcobngnino despatngasnsa =Qn/Zajnl   Lctcrnobno = Jarnwnt snnt epcrnsa scsnr 83 tnduo ynob gngu Vuihcr aokerinsa⃙ =  Gnaooyn  Pnsaco    Lcgunrbn ⃙  

⃙   Inlnono gnut = ujnob

 ⃙

 

Pcicralsnno Kasal (Fclgast pnjn hnbano ynob tajnl oering)

⃙  ⃙  ⃙  ⃙  ⃙    Z    D    Z

Bnobbuno Pcobgadntno = Pnsaco icobntnlno tajnl t ajnl iciagala bnobbuno pnjn pcobgadntno Bnobbuno pcojcobnrno = Pnsaco icobntnlno tajnl iciagala bnobbuno pnjn pcojcobnrno  Bnobbuno pcofauino = Pnsaco icobntnlno tajnl iciagala bnobbuno pnjn pcofauino Lcicrndno =   ⃙ Hcoblnl=   ⃙ Jrnaonsc= Oycra = pnjn tcobberelno   ⃙ Gcsa= Fntntno =

Dnsag pcicralsnno kasal (81/06/8088) = -

Zeos Zeosag ag tnipnl tnipnl Z6-Z8 Z6-Z8 = Zeos Zeosag ag lara icihc icihcsnr snr jno icgch icgchad adaa pa pagnr gnr teosag teosag,, scjno scjnobl blno no teosag lnono icihcsnr jno icofnpna pagnr teosag Lrap raptn ttnnipnl ic icgch chnnr 

⃙  Nsaictra=    A    V    N    X    A    P    V    C    X

 

⃙

 Znlapocn =

⃙  ⃙ ⃙  ⃙  ⃙ 

 

⃙

 Frnflgcs =

Lnono ntns/hnwnd =  Lara ntns/hnwnd= ⃙ Hcotul jnjn= Vaictras   ⃙  Hrnjapocn =  Hn  Hntul = Vputui-wnron wnron = Luoao Luoaob b ⃙ Jaspocn   ⃙ VputuiRdcczaob = ⃙ Lnono ntns/hnwnd =  Lara ntns/hnwnd= van =    Iejugnsa E8  Fntntno = Zajnl jatciulno jatciulno lcgnaono pnjn sastci sastci rcsparnsa

 ⃙   Znlalnrja =    X ⃙    C   Zaobgaob=    G    S ⃙   Hrnjalnrja =    L

  ⃙   ⃙

 Arcbugnr=  Cjcin=

  ⃙

 Iuriur=

  Inta rnsn =   ⃙  Onja tajnl tcrnhn=    V ⃙    N    [ Fntntno = Zajnl jatciulno lcgnaono pnjn sastci lnrjaevnslugnr lnrjaevnslugnr    E    A    J    X    N    L ⃙   Jastcosa =   ⃙  Dapepcrastngtal =    O    A ⃙   Noerclsan=   ⃙  Janrc= ⃙  Aoleotaocosan=    Z    V    C ⃙   Xabajatns= ⃙    Dapcrpcrastngtal =   ⃙  Jasknban =    Z    O ⃙   Leostapnsa ⃙    Esteia=    A    G    E   N ⃙   Jact ldusus= ⃙  Aotegcrnosa jact=    X    Z    V  Fntntno = Zajnl njn lcgnaono pnjn sastci aoa    N    B  ⃙   Pcouruono HH ? >0% sntu hugno tcrnldar= ⃙  Jcluhatus =    A    V ⃙   Pcruhndno onksu inlno gchad jnra 6 dnra ⃙  ZPO/PPO/tuhc kccjaob=    A    X ⃙ ⃙ Ingoutrasa =    Z  Janrc-krclucosa =     S Fntntno = Zajnl njn lcgnaono pnjn sastci aoa    O ⃙   Jasuran = ⃙  Dcsatnosa = ⃙  Oelturan =    /    A    X   A ⃙   Keggcy  ⃙  Icoepnusc =  ⃙  Gcojar=    N   B   Krclucosa = ⃙  Aoleotaocosan ⃙  Dcinturan =    O   E ⃙    A    G    X   E ⃙   Sresteiy =  ⃙  Lcdniagno=    S    L    E   C Fntntno = Zajnl jatciulno lcgnaono pnjn sastci aoa    Z   O    A    O   A    C   B    B

 

   A    B    E    G    E    X    S    C    O

⃙  ⃙  ⃙  ⃙  ⃙  ⃙ 

 Leokusa =   ⃙  Vcjnsa=   ⃙  Pupag oeo rcnltak=  [crtabe=   ⃙  Zrcier =   ⃙  Zajnl scaihnob=  Lein =   ⃙  Gctnrba =   ⃙  Nknsan=  Vnlat lcpngn =   ⃙  Inta rnsn =   ⃙  Pnrngasc=  Vcia-lein = ⃙  Vunrn scrnl =   ⃙  Vcazurc =  Zaobgaob =   ⃙  Lcgcindno= Fntntno = Zajnl jatciulno lcgnaono pnjn sastci aoa

⃙  Hcoblnl  = pnjn gcdcr  Gcihnh= ⃙    Prestdcsas =  Ntreka/jcke /jckeriatns= riatns=⃙ ⃙   Ntreka

 

⃙

 Jankercsas=

⃙   Rnron lugat =  Jrnaonsc⃙  Zurber urber hurul =   Z

⃙

 

 Lugat tcrnhn dnobnt ⃙

 Zcrnhn  Zc rnhn j jaobao aobao =

Bnihnrno nrcn guln jno mcgnslno lnrnltcrastal guln (Bnihnrlno gulnoyn)

   O    C    I    S    B    C    Z    O    A

Fntntno = Leojasa Kasal     l   s    a    X   o    a    l    V   )    t    (   o    C  c    G   i    N  s   s    F  c    V   s   s    O   N    E    Z    X    E    O

>. Vnobnt  hurul 

8. Hurul

6. Vcjnob

Leojasa icotng

>. Vtuper

8.Leokusa

6. Npntas

Nltavatns

>. Jatcipnt tajur 

8.Lursa rejn

6. Mngno jcobno  hnotuno

>. Zajnl  inipu Iehagatns  hcrbcrnl  >.Aoleotaoco Aoleotaocosan urao jno ngva

8.Vnobnt tcrhntns 6. Nbnl tcrhntns 8.Vcgngu aoleotaoco urao

:. Hnal 

: :

:. Vnjnr :. Mngno Vcojara

:

:. Hchns  hcrbcrnl 

6

:. Z a j n l Aoleotaoco

:

6. Lnjnoblnjnob aoleotaoco urao

Lct = ⃙   7 >8 = Xcsale taobba jcfuhatus⃙   ,  >8->3 Xcsale scjnob jcluhatus, ⃙ >;-80 = Xcsale rcojnd    g Icobcojngalno 0. 0.Pc Pcrg rgu u pcof pcofnd ndnr nr >. >.Ln Lnjn jnob ob pcrg pcrgu u 8. Inojara    G   n   o  pcofndnr     C   T   a   e rnobsnob HNH    Z   C   t >. Lnjnob tnl    X   J  f Icobcojngalno 0. Pnlna lntctcr  8. Inojara    O  o    N   A tcrlcojnga   u rnobsnob HNL     H    (    K

Vler

>1

8

8

 

Icihcrsadlno 0. Hutud hnotuno jara

>. Inojara

>

>.Zcrbnotuob pnjn 8.Inojara 0.Zcrbnotuob Icgcpns jno  hchcrnpn lcbantno icinlna fcgnon, ernob gnao pnjn icihcrsadlno, sctanp lcbantno icoyarni  mnihno icinlna fcgnon, icihcrsadlno,    )    t   o icoyarni   c  mnihno   i   s   s Inlno 0. Zajnl inipu >. Pcrgu jahnotu 8.Inojara   n   s   s icieteob inlnono    N   s Hcruhnd pesasa 0. Zajnl inipu >. Jahnotu gchad 8.Jahnotu >   u    t jnra 8 ernob jnra hcrhnraob   n    t ntnu 8 ernob lcjujul     V Hcrpaojnd/ 0. Zajnl Zajnl inip inipu u >. Jcobn Jcobno o lu lursa rsa 8. jahnotu  hcrmngno rejn >ernob Icinlna hnmu 0. Z Zccrbnotuob >. Vc Vchnbano 8.Inojara jahnotu 0. Zajnl inipu >. Vchnbano  Onal turuo 8.Inojara tnobbn jahnotu Inoja

0. Zcrbnotuob

Lct=  80 9 Inojara

 ⃙

>. inojara

 >8->1 9 Lctcrbnotuobno raobno

8

8 6. Inojara

6

6. inojara

6 8 8 >

⃙   1->> 9 Lctcrbnotuobno scjnob⃙  3-4 9 Lctcrbnotuobno hcrnt ⃙   0-: 9 lctcrbnotuobno tetng Xawnynt mntud 6 hugno Zcrnldar 

Zajnl 9 0

Qn 9 83

Janboesas icjas sluojcr ? >

Zajnl 9 0

Qn 9 >3

Jahnotu ernob 9 0

Pcoepnob 9 >3

Zajnl 9 0

Qn 9 83

   L    V Ngnt hnotu mngno    A    X    G    G Icobbuonlno aokus    N    K Fnrn hcrmngno/hcrpaojnd hcrmngno/hcrpaojnd

Hcj rcst 9 0

80

0 0 Kuroaturc 9 60

0 83

Gcind 9 >3

Zcrbnobbu 9 60

Eracotnsa tajnl scsuna 9 >3 Lct= ⃙  0-8: = Zajnl hcrcsale,  83-30 = Xcsale rcojnd, ⃙   ? 30 = Xcsale taobba Eracotnsa scsuna 9 0

Vtntus icotng

Vlngn oycra =

Zetng Vler 

 Vlngn nobln = 6⃙

>3 0

Zetng Vler 

:0

 Knfc sfngc

Gelnsa  = Gcdcr

   A    X    C    Q    O

Eosct = oycra hcrtnihnd pnjn snnt icocgno Pngantak = Zeosagatas lreoas Lungatns = Zcrnsn pcrad jno icobbnomng ja tcobberelno

 

Icjalnsa = Ckcl oycra = ⃙   Duhuobno rcgnsa ⃙ Ehnt

Fcktranxeoc

   A    V    N    L    A    J    C    I    F

 Zajur  Onksu inlno⃙ Jesas/Xutc

>00br/>8 mni/A[

 Nltavatns  ⃙

Zumuno

Begeobno notahaetal uotul icobntnsa aokclsa  hnltcra ldususoyn pnjn sngurno pcofcronno

 Ciesa ⃙

 Gnaooyn =

Fnrn Lcrmn Ehnt

Ehnt aoa hclcrmn jcobno fnrn  hcrjakusa lcjngni hnltcra, icobdnihnt saotcsas pretcao jno hcraotcrnlsa jcobno JON scdaobbn strultur JON lcdagnobno sntu dcgals ynob icoychnhlno tcrmnjaoyn lcrusnno JON hnltcra. Egcd lnron atu jnpnt icoychnhlno

lcintano scg hnltcra pcoychnh  pcoynlat. Nsni Nsn i Zrnoc Zrnoclsn lsnint int > Nipug/ Nipug/>8m >8mni/ ni/A[ A[ Begeob Begeobno no ehnt ehnt nota nota Ehnt aoa aoa hclcrmn jcobno fnrn kahraoegatal uotul icobdnihnt prescs icobehnta jno kahraoegasao (pcihcotulno icofcbnnd lcdagnobno  pgnsiaoebro ircomnja pgnsiao) jnrnd scpcrta pcrjnrndno scdaobbn jnpnt icofcbnd snnt pcihcjndno jcbrnjnsa kahrao, pcicfndno treihesat, jno pcicfndno knlter lenbugnsa

Jcxnict ictnseo seoc

> Ni Nipug/> />8 8 mn mni/A[ /A[ Bege geo obno eh ehnt Ehnt aoa hclcmn jcobno fnrn lertalestcreaj uotul  hcralntno jcobno rcscpter icobntnsa pcrnjnobno bgulelertaleaj ja satepgnsin ldususoyn pnjn pcoynlat jno hcralntno jcobno JON ynob jaschnhlno egcd aokclsa varus/hnltcra/mniur 

Lcteregnf

Xnoatajaoc

varus/hnltcra scdaobbn tcrmnja iejakalnsa trnoslrapsa jno saotcsas pretcao. Nlahntoyn aokagtrnsa gculesat tcrdnihnt, icjanter aokgninsa tcrbnobbu jno cjcin mnraobno hcrlunob > Nipug/4mni/A[ Begeobno ehnt nota Ehnt aoa aoa hclcrmn jcobno fnrn aokgninsa oeo stcreaj icobdnihnt lcrmn cozai (ENAOV) uotul salgeelsabconsa (FET) ynob icobntnsa oycra scjnob  hcrpcrno jngni pcihcotulno pcihcotulno daobbn oycra hcrnt  prestnbgnojao . scdaobbn sctcgnd prescjur  prejulsa prestnbgnojao  pcihcjndno  hcrlurnob jno rnsn snlat puo nlno hcrlurnob. Prestnbgnojao ynatu znt ynob jnpnt iciafu rnsn oycra ,  pcrnjnobno jno jcini jcini > Nipug/4 mni/A[ Begeobno ehnt uotul Ehnt aoa hclcmn jcobno fnrn icobehnta bcmngn icobdnihnt sclrcsa nsni  pcoaoblntno prejulsa gnihuob nsni gnihuob hcrgchad

 

   B    O    N    M    O    S    O    C    P    O    N    N    V    L    A    X    C    I    C    P

H.

Nongasn Insngnd Lcpcrnwntno

Ajcotatns Pnsaco  Onin = Oy. X 

Siur Xuno Xu nobn bno o O E >

8

= :; Znduo = Xuno unob Pcrn Pcrnw wntno ntno Hnma nma Jnl Jnlln lninr ninr 6>3 JNZN PCOBLNMANO

JV = - Pns nsac aco o ico icobntn bntnl lno icrn icrnsn sn oycra pnjn nrcn tcobberelno - Pns nsaaco icobcgud oycra  hcrtnihnd snnt icocgno - Pns nsac aco o icrn icrnsn snl lno njn njn ynob nob icobbnomng ja tcobberelno JE = - Pcoblnmano Oycra P = Zcrputusoyn leotaouatns   mnraobno sctcgnd pest epcrnsa   teosagclteia

^ = Zcrnsn pcrad jno jno   icobbnomng pnjn tcobberelno X = Oycra pnjn tcobberelno V = 6 (slngn oycra raobno) Z = ¾> icoat dagnob taihug - Pns nsac aco o oni onipnl pnl icr crao aoba bass - Pns nsaaco on onipnl bcg bcgaasnd JE = - Vudu Vudu tuhu tuhud d jan jantn tnss oer oerin ingg y yna natu tu

INVNGND LCPCXNRNZNO Oycra Nlut hcrduhuobno jcobno nbco fcjcrn kasal  prescjur epcrnsa (VJLA= J.0022)

Dapcrtcrian hcrduhuobno hcrduhuobno jcobno prescs pcoynlat

 

6

:

3

64,>°F - Lugat tcr crnnhn dno nob bnt JV = - Pnsaco icobntnlno lnjnoblnjnob sugat icocgno - Pnsaco icrnsn njn ynob icobbnomng jno tcrsnoblut ja tcobberelno snnt icocgno - Zcrnsn pcrad jno oycra snnt icocgno Knlter rcsale = - Zaoj Zaojnl nlno no pc pcih ihcj cjnd ndno no = Zeosagclteia Knlter rcsale = - Ck Ckcl cl pre presc scju jurr aovn aovnsa sak  k 

(VJLA= J.0>60) Bnobbuno Icocgno hcrduhuobno jcobno ckcl  pcihcjnndno (VJLA= J.00;66)

Xcsale Pcrjnrndno (VJLA = J.00>8) Xcsale Aokclsa

(VJLA = J.0>:8)