Kelompok 1 - Classification of the P Element

Classification of the P element The proportional-action element (P element) constitutes the simplest of all linear transfer elements. Output variable x and input variable y are combined using the mathematical expression

In the case of a P element the input variable y(t) has an immediate impact on the output variable - here we are dealing with a transfer element without delay . The parameter P is called the proportional the proportional coefficient . The following graphic shows the step response and bloc! symbol of the P element. The latter contains the step response inside it to ensure rapid identification of the control element within the control loop structure.

 "t the system output you you again obtain the input signal but but amplified or attenuated by the factor P. The P element is thus a transfer element with compensation (see compensation (see the following graph).

Example for a P element

The electrical networ! below constitutes an example P element in the technical sense.

#ig. right$ If you select the current i as the input variable and the voltage u as the output variable% the networ! shown constitutes a P element behaving in accordance with Ohm&s law u = R x i .

'hat is the proportional coefficient P of the networ! nter your answer in the answer box below.

Experiment In the following experiment you should determine the step response of the P element on the experiment card *controlled system simulation* (+O,/-01). The proportional coefficient P is now determined from the step response with the potentiometer set to its medium setting. #irst set up the experiment circuit below. Then ad2ust the control setting (potentiometer) for the P element to a medium setting.

 "ctivate the step-response plotter and configure it in accordance with the settings in the Table below.

Settings Input 3hannel "

4eas. range$ / 5

3oupling$ 63

anal 7

4eas. range$ / 5

3oupling$ 63

8ange$ /

Offset$ 

Other

Settings Output +tep change from ... to ...



09

6elay time:ms



4easurements

; Settings Diagram

6isplay

3hannel "

x-axis from ... to ...



/s

y-axis from ... to ...



/



=

0

,

;



/





/ t: s

/

     9

@

?

>

=

0

,

;



/





/ t: s



/ t: s

/

     9

@

?

>

=

0

,

;



/

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+tep response of the P element