Kel 3-Analisis Jurnal Keperawatan Gerontik

 

CKCLI^I^ OZTKCL (IKPJTWJK^I AJRJTCXCPCK) RJMDJTICK DTCIK HYM JVJTNI^J @CRCP MJKIKHACPACK GZKH^I AEHKIPIG RC@C LCKOZP Z^IC

Mctc Aulicf ?Ajpjrcwctck Hjrektia  @esjk Aeer`ikcter ? Ks. Xcfyu @jwi ^ulistyeriki, ^.Ajp., M.Ajp

@isusuk Eljf ?Ajlempea >

3. DJLC KEWJLC ^CTI 4. JHI TI_CL@I >. FJL@I J^PIYCKI 0. MCT@ICKI :. ZMMY AFCITCKI

R392628: R392626> R3926293 R3926323 R3926348

RTEHTCM RJK@I@IACK RTEGJ^I KJT^ IK^PZPI PJAKELEHI AJ^JFCPCK @CK ^CIK^ XIYCPC FZ^C@C ^CMCTK@C 4242 DCD I

 

RJK@CFZLZCK C. Lctc Lctcrr Djl Djlca cack ckh h

Lcksic mjrupcack sjsjerckh `jkhck usic lckout yckh mjkhclcmi pjrudcfck  dielehis, gisia, ajoiwcck `ck sesicl. Rjrudcfck iki cack mjmdjriack pjkhcruf tjrfc`cp sjluruf cspja ajfi`upck, tjrmcsua ajsjfctckkyc. Eljf acrjkc itu ajsjfctck  pc`c lckout usic pjrlu mjk`cpctack pjrfctick afusus `jkhck tjtcp mjmdjrick metivcsi chcr lcksic `cpct fi`up sjncrc pre`uatig sjsuci ajmcmpuckkyc (@crmcoe, 4229). Rresjs mjkuc c`clcf presjs sjpckockh fi`up, ti`ca fckyc `imulci `cri suctu wcatu tjrtjktu tjtcpi `imulci sjoca s joca pjrmulcck ajfi`upck. Zsic pjrmulcck tuc mjkurut Zk`ckh-Zk`ckh Kemer 3> Pcfuk 3996 tjktckh lckout usic mjkyjdutack dcfwc usic 72 tcfuk c`clcf usic tuc (Kuhrefe, 4226). Rresjs mjkuc `ck usic lckout mjrupcack  presjs clcmi yckh `iclcmi sjticp erckh (Ctuk, 4232). Mjkuc duacklcf suctu pjkycait tjtcpi mjrupcack suctu presjs djraurckhkyc `cyc tcfck tuduf `clcm mjkhfc`cpi rckhsckhck `cri `clcm mcupuk `cri lucr tuduf. Rresjs iki mjrupcack presjs yckh tjrus-mjkjrus sjncrc clcmicf, djrlckhsukh sjoca sjsjerckh mjkncpci usic `jwcsc, misclkyc 4 `jkhck tjroc`ikyc ajfilckhck ocrikhck pc`c etet, susukck sycrcg, `ck  ocrikhck lcik sjfikhhc s jfikhhc tuduf mcti sj`iait `jmi sj`iait. Xclcupuk `jmiaick, mjmckh fcrus `icaui dcfwc c`c djdjrcpc pjkycait yckh mjkhfikhhcpi acum lcksic, sjpjrti crtfritis, cscm urct, aeljstrel, fipjrtjksi `ck pjkycait ocktukh, sjlcik cspja gisielehis yckh mjkhclcmi mjkhclcmi pjrud pjrudcfck cfck pc`c lcksic, lcksic, gukhsi gukhsi aehkitig aehkitig pc`c lcksic ouhc mjkhclcmi mjkhclcmi  pjkurukck (Kuhrefe 4226). 4226). Oumlcf pjk`u`ua lcksic `i Ik`ekjsic pc`c tcfuk 4227 sjdjscr aurckh ljdif 39  outc, `jkhck usic fcrcpck fi`up 77,4 tcfuk. Rc`c tcfuk 4232 `ipjraircack sjdjscr  4>,9 4>, 9 outc outc (9,88% (9,88%), ), `jkhck `jkhck usic fcrcpc fcrcpck k fi`up fi`up 78,0 78,0 tcfuk tcfuk `ck pc`c tcfuk tcfuk 4242 4242 `ipjra `ip jrairca ircack ck sjdjscr sjdjscr 46,6 46,6 outc outc (33,>0 (33,>0%), %), `jkhck `jkhck usic usic fcrcpc fcrcpck k fi`up fi`up 83,3 83,3 tcfuk. tcfuk. Djr`cscrack oumlcf tjrsjdut, pjk`u`ua lcksic `i Ik`ekjsic tjrmcsua tjrdjscr ajjmpct sjtjlcf Nfikc, Ik`ic `ck Ojpckh (Dc`ck Rusct ^tctistia, 4232). Rc`c sjticp erckh, gukhsi gisielehis clct tudufkyc sckhct djrdj`c, dcia `clcm fcl pjkncpcick puknca mcupuk pjkurukckkyc, uktua mjmpjrtcfckack gukhsi aehkitig   pc`c lcksic upcyc yckh `cpct `ilcauack c`clcf `jkhck ncrc mjkhhukcack etca sjncrc tjru tjruss mjkj mjkjru russ `ck `ck `i is isti tirc rcfc fcta tack ck `jkh `jkhck ck ti`u ti`ur, r, aj ajhi hict ctck ck sj sjpj pjrt rtii mjmd mjmdcn cnc, c, mjk`jkhcrack djritc `ck njritc mjlclui mj`ic sjdciakyc `i oc`iack sjducf ajdicscck

 

fcl iki djrtuo djrtuouck uck chcr chcr etca etca ti`ca ti`ca djristi djristircf rcfct ct sjncrc sjncrc tjrus tjrus mjkjru mjkjruss (@jpcrtj (@jpcrtjmjk mjk Ajsjfctck Tjpudlia Ik`ekjsic, 4226). Rjkurukck gukhsi aehkitig pc`c lcksic `cpct mjliputi djrdchci cspja ycitu erijktcsi, rjhistrcsi, ctjksi `ck aclaulcsi, mjmeri `ck >  ouhc dcfcsc. Rjkurukck iki `cpct mjkhcaidctack mcsclcf cktcrc lcik mjmeri pckockh `ck `ck pres presjs js ikge ikgerm rmcs csi, i, `clc `clcm m mjme mjmeri ri pc pcko kock ckh h lc lcks ksic ic ca cack ck aj ajsu suli litc tck k `c `clc lcm m mjkhukha mjkhu khacpa cpack ck ajmdcl ajmdclii ikgerm ikgermcsi csi dcru dcru ctcu ctcu njritc njritc mcupuk mcupuk ajoc`i ajoc`ick ck yckh yckh ti`ca  ti`ca   djhitu mjkcria pjrfctickkyc (@cltek, 4226) ^clcf sctu ncrc uktua mjkikhactack gukhsi aehkitig pc`c lcksic ycitu Drcik Hym. Drcik Hym ti`ca scoc cack mjmpjrlckncr clirck `crcf `ck easihjk aj etca, tjtcpi ouhc mjrckhsckh aj`uc djlcfck etca uktua djajroc (Pcmmcsj, 4229). Drcik Hym c`clcf ajhictck yckh djrtuouck uktua mjmpjrtcfckack ajsjfctck etca `jkhck hjrcack sj`jrfckc (Fyctt, 4228).   D. Puouck

3. Puouck um umum Puouck umum `cri mcaclcf iki c`clcf uktua mjkhjtcfui pjkhcruf Drcik Hym tjrfc`cp pjrudcfck gukhsi aehkitig pc`c lcksic 4. Puou uouck afu afusu suss c. Zktua Zktua mjkhjtc mjkhjtcfui fui pjkhcruf pjkhcruf Drcik Drcik Hym tjrfc`c tjrfc`cp p pjrudc pjrudcfck fck gukhsi gukhsi aehkitig  aehkitig   pc`c lcksic  d. Zktua mjmdjriack pjkilcick n. Dchcimckc Dchcimckc mjmdjria mjmdjriack ck iktjrvjksi iktjrvjksi `cri `cri Drcik Hym tjrfc`c tjrfc`cp p pjrudcfck pjrudcfck gukhsi gukhsi aehkitig pc`c lcksic

N. Mckg ckgcct cct

 

3. Dch chii lck cksi sicc @ifcrcpack @ifcrc pack `cpct mjmdjriack mjmdjriack ikgermcsi `ck mcsuack mcsuack sjncrc edojatig mjkhjkci mjkhjkci  pjkckhckck pc`c lcksic uktua mjkheptimclack gukhsi aehkitig `jkhck Drcik Hym. 4. Dchi Dchi Pjkc Pjkchc hc Ajsjf Ajsjfct ctck ck @ifcrcpack @ifcrcp ack `cpct `cpct `ioc`i `ioc`iack ack sjdchc sjdchcii up upcyc cyc mjkhjm mjkhjmdck dckhac hack k prehrc prehrcm m `clcm `clcm rckhac mjkikhactack ajsjfctck lcksic `jkhck Drcik Hym sjdchci sclcf sctu ncrc uktua mjkheptimclack gukhsi aehkitig pc`c lcksic.

DCD II PIKOCZCK RZ^PCAC

 

C.@jgikisi 3. Rjkh Rjkhjr jrti tick ck Lc Lcks ksic ic

Lcksic mjrupcack suctu dchick `cri tumduf ajmdckh mckusic, mulci `cri usic dcyi, ckca -ckca, rjmcoc, `jwcsc scmpci tuc. Lcksic cack mjkhclcmi  dckyca pjrudcfck, dcia itu gisia, aehkitig `ck ouhc psiaesesicl. ^jpjrti nektef `jkhck tikhact pjkurukck ajmcmpuck tuduf `clcm djrc`cptcsi tjrfc`cp strjss, likhaukhck likha ukhck,, `cf pjkycait. pjkycait. Rresj Rresjss pjkuc pjkucck ck cack tjrlifct mulci `cri usic `i ctcs 02 tcfuk scmpci usic 72 tcfukck. 4. Rjrud Rjrudcfc cfck k Aehki Aehkitig tig pc`c pc`c Lcks Lcksic ic

Rjrudcfck Aehkitig pc`c lcksic ycitu sjducf presjs mjkuc yckh sjncrc sjfct ctcu kermcl chikh. Rjkhcruf pc`c djdjrcpc cspja sjpjrti mjkurukkyc `cyc ikhct, sjpjrti mjmeri `clcm ajfi`upck sjfcri-fcri. Acrjkc itu mjkhcpc usic tuc i`jktia `jkhck ajpiaukck ctcu lupc cack sjhclc fcl. ^jlcik itu ouhc  pjrck etca sjdjlcf ackck mjkhclcmi ajmuk`urck ljdif njpct `idck`ikh `jkh `j khck ck et etca ca sjd sjdjl jlcf cf ai airi ri.. Ca Caid idct ctky kycc cack cack mj mjkh khcl clcm cmii hc hckh khhu huck ck gu gukh khsi si ajwcspc`cck ouhc pjrfctick. Rjkurukck aehkitig pc`c lcksic ouhc djrhcktukh pc`c gcater usic ouhc  ojkis ajlcmik afususkyc pc`c wckitc, `iacrjkcack pc`c wckitc c`c pjrckck fermek sjas jk`ehjk `clcm pjrudcfck gukhsi aehkitig sjrtc gukhsi rjsjpter  jstjrehjk `i etca yckh djrpjrck `clcm pc`c gukhsi djlcocr `ck mjmeri. c. Mjmeri Ctcu @cyc Ikhct Ycitu mjkurukkyc `cyc ikhct yckh mjrupcack sclcf sctu gukhsi aehkitig. Ikhctck ockhac pckockh ti`ca tjrlclu mckhclcmi pjrudcfck, kcmuk uktua  ikhctck ockhac pjk`ja mjkhclcmi pjkurukck.  d. IS Ycitu sclcf sctu gukhsi iktjljatucl yckh `cpct mjkhclcmi pjkurukck `clcm fcl mjkhikhct, mjkyjljsciack mcsclcf, ajnjpctck rjspek ouhc ti`ca geaus. n. Ajmcmpuck Djlcocr Ouhc Disc Mjkuruk Acrjkc mjkurukkyc djdjrcpc gukhsi erhck tuduf. Fcl iki mjkhcpc dckyca  `ick ckoourack

pc`c

lcksi sicc

uktua

dckyca

djr jrllctif

mjkikhactack ajmcmpuck djlcocr wclcu dutuf wcatu. `. Ajmcmpuck Rjmcfcmck pc`c Lcksic Mjkuruk 

`ck

tjrcpi

`clcm

 

Fcl iki yckh mjkoc`i mjkoc`i sclcf sctu pjrudcfck aehkitig pc`c lcksic yckh mulci mjkuruk. ^jpjrti geaus `ck `cyc ikhct yckh mulci mjkhjk`ur. j. ^ulit mjmjncfack mcsclcf  @clcm fcl mjmjnc mjmjncfack fack mcsclcf, lcksic ouhc chca suacr uktu uktua a mjlca mjlcauack uack fcl tjrsjdut. Fcl iki `iacrjkcack sistjm gukhsi erhck yckh mjkuruk sjsuci

g.

`jkhck usic. Rjkhcmdilck ajputusck ouhc lcmdct Acrjkc sjncrc aehkitig pjrckck yckh mulci mjkuruk `ck djraurckh.

>. ^jkcm Etca 

^jkc ^jkcm m Etca Etca c` c`cl clcf cf sjrck sjrckha haci cick ck lc lcti tifc fck k hj hjrc rca a sj`jr sj`jrfc fckc kc uk uktu tua  a  mjmu`cfack ajhictck djlcocr. ^jkcm etca ctcu yckh sjrikh `iajkcl `jkhck kcmc Drcik Hym iki mjrupcack sclcf sctu stimulcsi yckh `ickhhcp pclikh  dcia sjlcmc djdjrcpc tcfuk tjrcafir iki. Mjte`j Mjt e`j djlcoc djlcocrr `clcm `clcm sjkcm sjkcm etca etca iki `iajmd `iajmdckh ckhack ack eljf eljf Rcul Rcul J. @jkkisek, @jkkis ek, @r. Rfill Rfill djrscm djrscmcc ist istrik rikyc yc Hcil Hcil J. @jkkis @jkkisek, ek, yckh yckh mjrup mjrupcac cack k  pjleper pjk`i`ia `i Cmjriac ^jriact `clcm pjkjrcpck pjkjlitick etca. Rc`c cwclkyc, sjkcm etca su`cf `iajkcl sjoca tcfuk 62-ck. Kcmuk, scct itu, mcsif tjrdctc tjrd ctcss uktua uktua erckh erckh `jwcsc `jwcsc scoc. scoc. ^jlcko ^jlckoutk utkyc, yc, mjmcsu mjmcsuai ai tcfuk tcfuk 4222-c 4222-ck, k, sjkcm etca `iajmdckhack `iajmdckhack uktua mjmdcktu mjmdcktu mjkikhacta mjkikhactack ck ajnjr`csck ajnjr`csck ckcackca sjaelcf ctcu disc ouhc uktua dcyi. ^jkcm Etca (Drcik hym) mjrupcack prehrcm aemjrsicl pepuljr yckh `ipcscrack `i ljdif `cri 62 kjhcrc `ck `ipjrncyc `cpct mjmdjriack stimulcsi yckh yck h sckhct sckhct `idutu `idutufac fack k uktua uktua pjmdjl pjmdjlcocr cocrck ck jgjatig jgjatig acrjkc acrjkc `iycai `iycaiki ki `cpct `cpct mjmduacc dchick mjmdua dchick-dch -dchick ick etca etca yckh yckh sjdjlu sjdjlumky mkycc tjrtutu tjrtutup p ctcu ctcu tjrfcmd tjrfcmdct ct sjfikhhc ajhictck djlcocr/djajroc djrlckhsukh mjkhhukcack sjluruf etca. Lctifck hjrca yckh mjkyjkckhack `clcm sjkcm etca iki mjrupcack ikti `cri j`unctiekcl aikjsielehy yckh `isikhact `jkhck J`u-Aikjstjtia (J`uA), sjducf mjte`j yckh `iajmdckhack eljf Rcul J. @jkkisek, ycitu sjerckh  pjk`i`ia `i Cmjriac sjaclihus `irjatur Wclljy Tjmj`icl Hreup Ljcrkikh Njktjr. Actc j`unctiek djrcscl `cri actc lctik j`uncrj yckh crtikyc mjkcria  ajlucr, sj`ckhack aikjsielehy djrcscl `cri dcfcsc Yukcki aikjsis yckh crtikyc hjrcack. J`unctiek Aikjsielehy mjrupcack ncrc uktua mjkcria ajlucr ctcu mjkcmpila mjkcmp ilack ck petjks petjksii `clcm `clcm `iri `iri sjerck sjerckh h pjlcoc pjlcocrr `jkhck `jkhck umur umur djrcpc djrcpc scoc yckh sjmulc tjraukni, mjlclui hjrcack-hjrcack sj`jrfckc iki `iycaiki mcmpu

 

mjrckhsckh sjluruf dchick etca sjfikhhc `cpct mjmduac dchick-dchick etca  yckh sjdjlumkyc tjrfcmdct. Ajhi Aj hictc ctck k sj sjkc kcm m etca etca (Drci (Drcik k Hym) Hym) ik ikii `i `idu duct ct hu hukc kc mjks mjksti timu mulc lcsi si @imjksi @imjk si Lctjrclitcs Lctjrclitcs uktua djlcfck etca airi `ck ackck, mjrikhckack mjrikhckack `imjksi `imjksi  pjmgeausck uktua dchick djlcackh etca (dctckh etca ctcu drcikstjm) `ck  dchick `jpck etca (grektcl ledjs) ctcu mjrjlcascsi @imjksi Rjmusctck uktua  sistjm sist jm limdia limdia (mi`dr (mi`drcik cik)) `ck etca etca djscr djscr (njrjdr (njrjdrcl cl nertjx nertjx), ), sjfikh sjfikhhc hc `cpct `cpct mjkhctcsi djdjrcpc fcmdctck `clcm presjs djlcocr. Oc Oc`i `i,, sj sjkc kcm m etca etca mjru mjrupc pcac ack k hjrc hjrcac ackk-hj hjrc rcac ack k

sj`j sj`jrf rfck ckcc yc yckh kh

`itjmuack eljf Rcul J. @jkkisek djrscmc istrikyc yckh djrmckgcct uktua  mjkhcatigac mjkhc atigack k ajroc etca sjncrc mjkyjluruf mjkyjluruf sjfikhhc mjmu`cfack mjmu`cfack presjs  djlcocr. @jkhck `ilcauackkyc hjrcack sjkcm etca `ifcrcpack ckca ljdif mu`cf mjkjrimc pjmdjlcocrck `ck pjmdjlcocrck yckh tjlcf `ipjlcocri cack mu`cf mjljact `ck mu`cf `ihcli ajmdcli ajtiac sjwcatu-wcatu `idutufack. 0.

@im @imjk jksi si ^jkcm kcm Etc Etca  a  Aitc tcfu dcfwc etcalcf yckh mjkhektrel sjluruf gukhsi tuduf. ^jkcm

etca mjmckgcctack `ck mjmdjktua rjlcsi `i cktcrc etca `ck tuduf. @jkhck mjlc mj lcau auac ack k

hjrc hjrcac ackk-hj hjrc rcac ack k

uktu uktua a

mjkh mjkhca cati tiga gack ck

et etca ca,,

ai aitc tc

`c `cpc pctt

mjkh mj khik iktj tjhrc hrcsia siack ck sj sjmu mucc cr crjc jc yc yckh kh dj djrf rfud uduk ukhc hck k `c `clc lcm m pr pres esjs js dj djlc lcocr  ocr  sjfik sjf ikhh hhcc aitc aitc `c `cpc pctt mjki mjkikh khac acta tack ck aj ajmc mcmp mpuc uck k uk uktu tua a mjmc mjmcas asim imcl clac ack k ajhictck `clcm presjs djlcocr. @jkhck lctifck sjkcm etca sjncrc rutik, sjmuc hckhhuck etca yckh `iclcmi ckca ajtiac djlcocr cack tjrctcsi. Eljf acrjkc itu sjdciakyc sjdjlum mjmulci pjmdjlcocrck siswc `ickourack uktua mjlcauack sjkcm etca, acrjkc sjkcm etca mjmpukyci tihc `imjksi yckh disc mjmduct ckca mjkoc`i njr`cs. ^jticp hjrcack `clcm sjkcm etca mjmiliai sistjm ajroc sjk`iri-sjk`iri `c `ck k mjmi mjmili liai ai `imj `imjks ksi-` i-`im imjk jksi si yc yckh kh dj djrd rdj` j`c. c. ^j ^jpj pjrt rtii yc yckh kh c` c`cc `c `clc lcm m  pjkjlitick Rcul `ck Hcil J. @jkkisek yckh tjlcf mjmdchi etca aj `clcm > `imjksi, ycaki `imjksi lctjrclis (etca airi `ck ackck), `imjksi pjmgeausck (etca `jpckdjlcackh), `imjksi pjmusctck (etca ctcs-dcwcf). Mcsikh-mcsikh `imjksi mjmpukyci tuhcs tjrtjktu sjfikhhc hjrcack sjkcm yckh `ilcauack `cpct djrvcricsi.

c. @imjk @imjksi si Lctjrc Lctjrclit litcs cs

 

Lctjrclitcs c`clcf c`clcf hjrcack ackck aj airi `ck hjrcack airi aj ackck aitc `ck ajmcmpuck uktua mjkyjdjrckhi hcris tjkhcf vjrtiacl tuduf `jkhck tjkckh `ck kycmck.48 Hjrcack uktua mjkyjdjrckh hcris tjkhcf mjkyckhaut siacp pesitig, sjpjrti mjk`jkhcr, mjlifct `ck djrhjrca. Etca   dchick airi catig cpcdilc sisi ackck tuduf `ihjrcaack `ck dchick ackck catig  cpcdilc sisi airi tuduf `ihjrcaack cpcdilc `ihjrcaack.. @clcm fcl iki, ajmcmpuck ajmcmpuck djlcocr cack mcasimcl cpcdilc aj`uc djlcf etca djajroc scmc `jkhck dcia. Cpcdilc ajroc scmc cktcrc etca airi `ck ackck aurckh dcia mcac ckca  cack ajsulitck uktua mjmdj`cack cktcrc airi `ck ackck, hjrcackkyc acau, tulisck tckhckkyc ojlja, ctcu njk`jrukh mjkulis furug tjrdclia. ^jlcik itu, ic  ouhc sulit mjmdcnc `ck mjkulis, ctcu mjkhiauti ssjsuctu jsuctu `jkhck mctc, sjrtc sulit mjkhhjrcaack mctc tckpc mjkhiautikyc `jkhck ajpclc, tckhck mirikh aj `clcm ajtiac mjkulis, njk`jrukh mjlifct aj dcwcf scmdil djrpiair, ajliru `jkhck furug (sjpjrti ` `ck d, p `ck q), mcupuk mjyjdut actc scmdil mjkulis. Di`ckh tjkhcf lctjrcl aitc c`clcf tjmpct `imckc di`ckh aikjstjtia,  pjk`jkhcrck, pjkhlifctck ackck `ck airi tumpckh tik`if, sjfikhhc aitc `cpct mjkhhukcack mjkhhukcack hjrcack hjrcack aektrclctjrc aektrclctjrcll `ck dilctjrcl sjrtc mjmdcwc mjmdcwc  djrscmcscmc hcmdcr `ck dcfcsc uktua mjk`jkhcrack, djrpiair, `ck  djrdincrc. Ajtiac di`ckh visucl airi `ck ackck aitc djrtjmu, mjmdjri aitc ajik`cfck `ck ajsjhjrcck `cri aj`clcmck pjrsjpsi `ck `ukic visucl. Ajtiac  di`ckh pjk`jkhcrck ackck `ck airi aitc djrtjmu, aitc mjkjrimc aemukiacsi aemukiacsi likhuistia `ck sjmuc ikgermcsi dukyi yckh acyc, `ck ajtiac aj`uc tckhck aitc tjraeer`ikcsi `i di`ckh tjkhcf, aitc `cpct mjkyjktuf, djrarjcsi `jkhck clct-clct, `ck djriktjrcasi `i `clcm likhaukhck aitc. @imjks @im jksii lctjrcli lctjrclitcs tcs c`clcf c`clcf tjmpct tjmpct aitc aitc mjmduc mjmductt pjkhcl pjkhclcmc cmck k yckh yckh gcm gcmilij ilijrr

`ck `ck

mjkn mjknip iptc tcac ack k

mca cak kc

dc dch hi

fi fi` `up

aitc. itc.

@im @imjk jksi si

ik ikii

mjmukhaikack tjroc`ikyc `icleh vjrdcl dchick `clcm, suctu ajmcmpuck uktua mjkyck`i `ck djraemukiacsi `jkhck hcyc tjmpercl `ck likijr `cri  pjkhclcmck

spcsicl

`ck

sjkseris

aitc

sjfikhhc ajlca

aitc

`cpct

mjkhclcmikyc lchi. Actc-actc sck`i aitc cack mjkhjmdcliack itu sjmuc ajpc`c aitc uktua `iikhct. Ajtjkckhck yckh aitc rcscack ajtiac djrpiair, mjmdcn mjmd cnc, c, djrd djrdin incr crc, c, mjk` mjk`jk jkhc hcra rack ck,, `c `ck k mjku mjkuli liss dc dcfa fack ck `c `clc lcm m mjkhhukcac mjkhh ukcack k ajtjrcmpilck ajtjrcmpilck aemukiacsi aemukiacsi cpc puk, mjmdjriack mjmdjriack pjtukoua  pjtukoua 

 

tjktckh sjdjrcpc dchus aitc mjkhcasjs `imjksi lctjrclitcs uktua mjkjrimc `ck mjkhuk mjkhukhac hacpac pack k ikgerm ikgermcsi. csi. Ajti`c Ajti`camc amcmpu mpuck ck uktua uktua mjkyjd mjkyjdjrc jrckhi khi hcris hcr is tjkhcf tjkhcf mjkhca mjkhcaidc idctac tack k cpc yckh yckh `isjdu `isjdutt ajti`c ajti`camc amcmpu mpuck ck djlcocr  djlcocr  (ljcrkikh `iscdlj`) ctcu `isljasic. d. @i @imj mjks ksii Rjm Rjmge geau ausc sck k

@imjksi pjmgeausck c`clcf ajmcmpuck mjkyjdjrckhi hcris tjkhcf  pcrtisipcsi yckh mjmiscfack dchick djlcackh `ck `jpck tuduf, `ck ouhc  dchick djlcackh (ennipitcl) `ck `jpck etca (grektcl ledj). Hcris tjkhcf  pcrtisipcsi c`clcf hcris dcyckhck vjrtiacl `i tjkhcf tuduf (`ilifct `cri scmpikh). @imjks @im jksii pjmgea pjmgeausc usck k mjmdjr mjmdjrii aitc aitc iktjljh iktjljhjks jksii pjrfct pjrfctick ick.. ^jdchc ^jdchcii mcku mc kusi sic, c, aitc aitc su`c su`cf f djra djrajm jmdc dckh kh `j `jkh khck ck aj ajmc mcmp mpuc uck k uk ukia ia uk uktu tua  a  mjrjknckcack, mjmjkufi tuouck, mjmiliai kict, `ck mjkjmuack mcakc `clcm fi`up. Etca mjkhctur `irikyc sjk`iri uktua mjmgeausack pjrfctick aitc chcr tcmpil sjncrc tjrcrcf `ck jgisijk. @clcm fcl iki, ikgermcsi cack `itjrimc eljf etca dchick djlcackh yckh mjrjacm sjmuc pjkhclcmck, lclu ik ikge germ rmcs csii

`ip ipre resj sjss

`ck `ck

`itjr itjru usa sack ck

aj etc tca a

dc dch hic ick k

`jp jpck ck

ukt ktu ua 

mjkhjasprjsiackkyc sjsuci tuktutck ctcu ajikhikckkyc. Ajti`c Ajt i`calj aljkha khacpc cpck k

pjrajm pjrajmdck dckhck hck

rjgljx rjgljx

mjkhfc mjkhfcsila silack ck

ajti`camcmpuck uktua sjncrc mu`cf mjkhjasprjsiack `iri sjk`iri `ck iaut catig cat ig `clcm `clcm presjs presjs djlcoc djlcocr. r. Rjrajm Rjrajmdck dckhck hck rjgljas rjgljas cktcrc cktcrc etca etca dchick dchick  djlcackh `ck dchick `jpck yckh mjkhclcmi geaus aurckh (uk`jrgenus) cack mjkyjdcdack ckca aurckh pjrfctick, tjrlcmdct dincrc, ctcu fipjrcatig. Ac`ckhaclc pjrajmdckhck rjgljas cktcrc etca dchick djlcackh `ck dchick `jpck mjkhclcmi geaus ljdif (evjrgenus) `ck djruscfc tjrlclu ajrcs. Niri afcs oiac etca dchick `jpck `ck djlcackh aurckh djajroc scmc c`clcf etet tjkhaua `ck dcfu tjhckh, aurckh djrsjmckhct uktua djlcocr, sjrtc rjcasi pjlck. ^j`ckhack, fcmdctck etca dchick djlcackh djrupc ckca  tjrlclu catig, aeksjktrcsi `ck ckclisiskyc `clcm rjktckh yckh tjrlclu pjk`ja, tjrikni,, ctcupuk tjrikni ctcupuk aurckh aurckh gljasidjl. gljasidjl. Pjrac`ckh Pjrac`ckh ic cack chrjsig, aurckh riljas ctcu ctc u ist istir ircf cfct ct uk uktu tua a mjmi mjmiai aira rack ck sjsuc sjsuctu tu yc yckh kh lj ljdi dif f lu lucs. cs. ^j ^j`c `ckh khac ack k fcmdctck etca dchick `jpck djrupc ckca pcsig, mjlcmuk, dilc strjs mcac ic  dikhukh, fipecatig (aurckh catig), sjrtc ajmcmpuck uktua mjmpjrfctiack aurckh, kcmuk pjrcscck `ck sucsckc (mjrjacm `jkhck ojlcs).

 

n. @imjk @imjksi si Rjmusc Rjmusctck tck

Rjmusctck c`clcf ajmcmpuck uktua mjkyjdjrckhi hcris piscf cktcrc  dchick ctcs `ck dchick dcwcf tuduf, sjrtc mjkhcitack gukhsi `cri dchick ctcs `ck dcwcf etca, ycitu dchick tjkhcf sistjm limdia (mi`drcik) yckh  djrfudukhck `jkhck ikgermcsi jmesiekcl, mcupuk etca djscr (njrjdrum) uktua djrpiair yckh cdstrca. Ajmc Aj mcmp mpuc uck k aitc aitc uktu uktua a

mjkn mjkncp cpci ci

pj pjmu musc sctc tck k

c` c`cl clcf cf

su sumd mdjr  jr 

ik iktj tjlj ljhj hjks ksii jmes jmesie iekc kcll aitc aitc `c `ck k `c `csc scrr dc dchi hi aj ajhj hjmd mdir ircck cck,, rc rcsc sc fc fcru ru,, ajnjricck, iactck sesicl, mjmeri `ck csesicsi, sjrtc rcsc tjktckh `iri sjk`iri `ck ajpridc`ick aitc. @imjksi pjmusctck tjrhcktukh pc`c fudukhck cktcrc etca djscr yckh rcsiekcl (`idchick pclikh ctcs `cri etca), `ck sistjm limdia  jmesiekcl dcwcf, yckh mjlclui itu sjmuc ikgermcsi sjkseris yckh mcsua  `ipresj `ip resjs. s. Fuduk Fudukhck hck iki mjk`ja mjk`jacta ctack ck ajmcmp ajmcmpuck uck yckh yckh ljdif ljdif lehis lehis `ck vjrdcl vjr dcl `cri `cri aertja aertjass `jkhck `jkhck ajdutu ajdutufck fck yckh yckh ljdif ljdif kcluri kcluricl, cl, iktuit iktuitig, ig, `ck ac`ckh-ac`ckh ircsiekcl `cri dchick dcwcf etca. Ajti`camcmp Ajti` camcmpuck uck uktua uktua mjmpjrtcfck mjmpjrtcfckack ack pjmusctck pjmusctck `itck`ci `itck`ci eljf ajtcautck yckh ti`ca djrclcsck, njk`jrukh djrjcasi `jkhck djrouckh ctcu mjlcriack `iri, sjrtc ajti`camcmpuck mjrcscack ctcu mjkyctcack jmesi. :. Mckg Mckgcc cctt ^jkc ^jkcm m Etca  Etca 

^jkcm ^jk cm etca etca disc disc `ilcau `ilcauack ack sjsjer sjsjerckh ckh mjlclu mjlcluii hjrcac hjrcack k sj`jrf sj`jrfckc ckc scmdil mjlcauack ajhictck sjfcri-fcri. ^jkcm etca `ilcauack tckpc wcatu afusus afu sus sjfikh sjfikhhc hc sjkcm sjkcm etca etca puk disc disc `ilcau `ilcauack ack `jkhck `jkhck scmdil scmdil mjkekt mjkektek ek tjljvisi. Mjsaipuk sj`jrfckc, sjdchcimckc `iajmuacack Rcul J. @jkkisek Rf.@ dcfwc sjkcm etca mcmpu mjmu`cfack ajhictck djlcocr `ck mjlcauack  pjkyjsucick tjrfc`cp ajtjhckhck, tcktckhck, `ck tuktutck tuktutck fi`up sjfcri-fcri. ^jlcik ^jl cik `cpct `cpct mjkikh mjkikhact actack ack ajmcmp ajmcmpuck uck djlcocr djlcocr,, sjkcm sjkcm etca etca `cpct `cpct mjmdjr mjm djriac iack k djdjrcp djdjrcpcc mckgcct mckgcct sjpjrti sjpjrti yckh yckh `iajmu `iajmuaca acack ck eljf eljf Cyikes Cyikesc, c, sjkcm etca `cpct mjmdjriack mckgcct djrupc strjss jmesiekcl djraurckh `ck  piairck ljdif ojrkif, fudukhck cktcr mckusic `ck sucsckc djlcocr/ajroc ljdif riljas `ck sjkckh, ajmcmpuck djrdcfcsc `ck `cyc ikhct mjkikhact, erckh mjkoc`i ljdif djrsjmckhct, ljdif arjctig `ck jgisijk, erckh mjrcsc ljdif sjfct acrjkc strjss djraurckh, `ck prjstcsi djlcocr `ck djajroc mjkikhact. @iscmpikh itu, sjkcm etca disc mjmdcktu mjkikhactack ajnjr`csck, mjki mj kikh khac acta tack ck aj ajpj pjrn rncy cycc cck k `iri `iri,, `c `ck k mjkc mjkckh khck ckii ck ckca ca yc yckh kh mjkh mjkhcl clcm cmii

 

mcsclcf `clcm presjs djlcocr mjkhcocr. ^jkcm etca ouhc sjrikh `ihukcack uktua tjrcpi djdjrcpc hckhhuck pc`c ckca-ckca, sjpjrti fipjrcatig, hckhhuck  pjmusctck pjrfctick `ck jmesiekcl, sjrtc sik`rem pc`c dcyi, ctcupuk hckhhuck ajmcmpuck djlcocr. Ljdif `cri itu, sjkcm etca disc djrpjkhcruf  pesitig `clcm mjkcmdcf aeksjktrcsi, mjkikhactack geaus `ck `cyc ikhct, sjrtc mjkhjk`cliack jmesikyc. ^jkcm etca mjrupcack cativitcs gisia, mjsaipuk djhitu sjkcm etca  mjmpukyci gukhsi ctcu mckgcct yckh scmc sjacli djrdj`c `jkhck sjkcm dicsc ctcu ctcu elcf elcfrc rchc hc gi gisi sia a lcik lcik yc yckh kh sjlcm sjlcmcc ik ikii ai aitc tc aj ajkc kcl. l. Dilc Dilc el elcf cfrch rchcc di dicsc csc `ihukc `ih ukcack ack uktua uktua mjkoch mjkochcc aek`is aek`isii ocktuk ocktukh, h, pcru-p pcru-pcru cru,, `ck mjkikh mjkikhact actack ack ajauctck etet, sj`ckhack sjkcm etca djrtuouck mjkikhactack aikjroc etca. Hjrcack-hjrcack yckh `ilcauack `clcm sjkcm etca cack mjkhcatigack mctc, tjlikhc, tckhck `ck acai sjncrc simultck sjfikhhc pc`c `imjksi tjrtjktu sjkcm etca `cpct mjkhcatigack etca airi `ck etca ackck. Oc`i, sjkcm etca mjmiliai mckgcct yckh djscr dchi tuduf utcmckyc `clcm presjs pjmdjlcocrck.

DCD III C^ZFCK AJRJTCXCPCK AJRJTCXCPCK

 

GETMCP RJKHACOICK LCK^IC

Pckhhcl Rjkhacoick ? ^cdtu, 48 Ouki 4242 C. @CPC DIEHTCGI

 Kcmc Pjmpct & Pckhhcl Lcfir  Rjk`i`iack Pjrcafir  Chcmc ^tctus Rjracwikck PD/DD Rjkcmpilck Clcmct Erckh Yckh @jact @i fudukhi Fudukhck `jkhck Lcksic Clcmct

? Ky. R L / R ? ^cmcrik`c\32\2:\39:: Hel.@crcf ? E / C / D / CD ? Pi`ca^jaelcf/^@ Pi`ca^jaelcf/^@/^LPR/^LPC/@I/@III/@IW/^3/^4 /^LPR/^LPC/@I/@III/@IW/^3/^4 ? Islcm Islcm/Rretjstck/Actelia/Fik`u/Du`fc/Aekhfunu /Rretjstck/Actelia/Fik`u/Du`fc/Aekhfunu ? Acwik/Djlum/Ock`c Acwik/Djlum/Ock`c/@u`c /@u`c (njrci ? Fi`up/Mcti Fi`up/Mcti)) ? …3:6… Nm / …06.. Ah ? djrsif `ck rcpi Niri-niri Puduf ? tikhhi, djrcmdut lurus, aulit djrwcrkc scwe mctckh, ? Ol. Ajmcamurck Ke. 3 Pjlp./ 2634>0:78692 2634>0:78692 ? Ck. T……….. L/R L/R ?Ckca  ? Ol. Ajmcamurck Ke. 3 Pjlp./ 2634>>>>>>22 2634>>>>>>22

D. TIXCYCP AJLZCTHC 3. ^usukck ckhhetc Ajlucrhc Ke. 3. 4. >. 0.

KCMC

 Ky. R Ck. T  Ck. _ Ck. Y

4. Hjkehrcm ?

L/R

R L R L

FZDZKHCK AJLZCTHC

Istri Ckca Ckca  Ckca 

RJK@I@IAC

RJAJTOCCK

K

^@ ^> ^4 ^3

ITP @eatjr  Rjrcwct Crsitja 

AJP

 

Ajtjrckhck?

= Mjkikhhcl

= Rjrjmpuck

= Lcai-lcai

=Rcsijk

=^jrumcf

>. Pipj / Djktua Ajlucrhc ?   Ajlucrhc Ky. ^ c`clcf tipj ajlucrhc ^ikhlj Gcmily yckh tjr`iri `cri idu `ck ckca .

 

N. TIXCYCP RJAJTOCCK

Rjajrocck scct iki Clcmct pjajrocck Djrcpc ocrca `cri rumcf Clct trckspertcsi Rjajrocck sjdjlumkyc ^umdjr pjk`cpctck & Ajnuaupck

? Pi`ca c`c ?? ??? Ckca `ck nuaup

(Am)

tjrfc`cp Ajdutufck

@. TIXCYCP LIKHAZKHCK FI@ZR

Pipj tjmpct tikhhcl Oumlcf Acmcr  Oumclcf Pekhact `i acmcr  Aek`isi tjmpct tikhhcl Oumlcf erckh yckh tikhhcl Pjtckhhc tjr`jact Clcmct / Pjljpek

? Rckti ?> ? ^ctu ? Xismc Ky. ^ tcmpca djrsif ? Lcai-lcai 3 Erckh/Rjrjmpuck > Erckh ? Ky. M tjmck scmpikh acmcr Ky. R ? Ol. Ajmcamurck Ke. 3 / 2634>0:78692

J. TIXCYCP TJATJC^I

Feddy / Mict Ajckhhetcck Erhckiscsi Lidurck Rjroclckck

G. ^I^PJM RJK@ZAZKH

? mjk`jkhcrack cyct clqurck ? Ocrckh mjkhiauti ajhictck sesicl ? Pi`ca c`c

 

Rjrcwct/Di`ck/@eatjr/Gisietjrcpi Ocrca `cri rumcf Tumcf ^cait Alikia  Rjlcyckck Ajsjfctck `irumcf Mcackck yckh `ifcktcrack Rjrcwctck sjfcri-fcri yckh `ilcauack

? Rjrcwct `ck @eatjr  ? 4 Am ? >,: Am ? 4,: Am ? `eatjr ? mcackck peaea `ck mikumck ? pjmjriascck PPW `ck mjmdjrsifack tuduf

ajlucrhc

? Rjkhhurus pckti yckh mjmdcktu mjkhurus ajhictck ky.R sjlcmc `i pckti

H. @I^ATIR^I AJAFZ^Z^CK

Ajdicscck Titucl Yckh Lcikkyc

? ^fclct : wcatu yckh catig  ? mjk`jkhcrack cyct-cyct suni clqurck

F. ^PCPZ^ AJ^JFCPCK

^tctus ajsjfc ^tctus ajsjfctck tck umum umum sjlcmc sjlcmc sjtcfuk sjtcfuk ? Fipjrtjksi `ck cscm urct yckh lclu ^tctus ^tc tus ajsjfct ajsjfctck ck umum umum sjlcmc sjlcmc : tcfuk tcfuk ? Ky.R mjkhctcack mjkhclcmi tjackck `crcf yckh lclu

tikhhi sjoca : tcfuk yckh lclu

AJLZFCK ZPCMC ?

Rreveactivj / pclictivj Suclity / Sucktity Tjhiek ^jvjrity ^nclj Pimmikh

? ^cct djrcativitcs ? Kyjri sjpjrti tjrtusua-tusua  ? kyjri dchick ajpclc `ck acai ? saclc 7 ?Pjroc`i sjlcmc >-:mjkit

Rjmcfcmck & Rjkctclcasckcck Mcsclcf Ajsjfctck ?

 

3. Ky.R mjkhctc mjkhctcack ack dcfwc dcfwc mjkhjtcfui mjkhjtcfui tjktckh tjktckh pjkycaitk pjkycaitkyc yc kcmuk ti`ca ti`ca mjkochc mjkochc csupck csupck mcackckkyc

EDCP-EDCPCK ? Ke . 3 4

Kcmc Edct

Ncptepril Nelnfinikjs

@esis

>x3 >x3

Ajtjrckhck

^jtjlcf mcack ^jtjlcf mcack

^PCPZ^ IMMZKI^C^I ? (Nctct tckhhcl tjrdcru)

Pjtckus, @igtjri Ikglujksc

? ljkhacp ? ti`ca 

Cljrhi ? (Nctctck chjk `ck rjcasi spjsigia)

Edct-edctck Mcackck Gcater Likhaukhck

? Pi`ca c`c ? Pi`ca c`c ? Pi`ca c`c

Rjkycait yckh `i`jritc ? Pjackck `crcf tikhhi `ck cscm urct

I. CAPIWIPC^ FI@ZR ^JFCTI-FCTI (C@L)

 Kutrisi

Jlimikcsi

Cativitcs Istircfct & Pi`ur 

Rjrsekcl Fyhijkj

? Ky. R mjkhctcack mcack >x3 tjtcpi persikyc sj`iait   Ky. R mjkhctcack mjkhctcack mikum aurckh ljdif 4 litjr sjfcri ? Ky. R mjkhctcack DCD 3 acli sjfcri  Ky. R mjkhctcack DCA aurckh ljdif 6 acli sjfcri `ck sjticp mclcm ky.R sjrikh tjrdckhuk uktua DCA  ? Ky. R mjkhctcack mjkhfcdisack sack wcatukyc uktua  mjk`jkhcrack cyct-cyct suni clqurck ? Ky. R mjkhctcack ajtiac sickh fcri sjrikh ti`ur aurckh ljdif >  ocm tjtcpi scct mclcm fcri ky. R sjrikh tjrdckhuk sjfikhhc ti`ur mclcm fckyc aurckh ljdif 0 ocm scoc ? Ky.^ mjkhctcack mck`i 4x sjfcri `ck sjticp sjljsci mck`i sjlclu mjkyiact hihi ? Alijk su`cf mjkepcusj ? Ky.R mjkhctcack sjticp fcri oumct mjkhiauti sjkcm lcksic yckh `ic`cack eljf pckti

 

^jasucl Tjarjcsi Rsiaelehis Rjrsjpsi Alijk 





Aeksjp @iri

Jmesi

? Ky. R mjkhctcack dcfwc `irikyc su`cf tuc `ck mjkjrimc aek`isikyc yckh sjacrckh ? Ky.R mjkhctcack dcfwc ky.R mjkjrimc pjkycaitkyc `ck  pjrncyc dcfwc sjmuc iki `cri Pufck `ck Pufck Pufck ouhc yckh cack mjkyjmdufack ? Ky.R mjkhctcack dcfwc sjacrckh `irikyc ljdif sjrikh mcrcf `ck sjrikh tidc-tidc mjrcsc sj`if ? Ky.R mjkhctcack dcfwc ky.R mulci mjkyjsuciack `iri `jkhck likhaukhckkyc `ck `irikyc fckyc khedrel djrscmc tjmck scmpikh acmcr yckh ouhc c`clcf sjerckh lcksic ? Ky.R mjkhctcack scct kyjri timdul ky.R fckyc djr`ec `ck  djristircfct.



C`cptcsi



Mjackismj

Rjrtcfckck @iri

Ajc`cck Zmum Pikhact Ajsc`crck ^aclc Aemc Hlcshew Pck`c-tck`c Witcl 

^istjm Acr`ievcsauljr 



^istjm Rjrkcgcsck



^istjm Iktjhumjk



^istjm Rjrajmifck



^istjm Musaule ^ajljtcl



^istjm Hcstreiktjstikcl



? Ky. R tjrlifct ajtiac oclck sckhct pjlck, mctc Ky.R acdur Nempesmjktis,, Cpctis, ^emkeljks, ^uperus, Nemc ? Nempesmjktis ? Jyj= > Wjrdcl= : Rsiaemeter=: ? Rels=9: Pjmp=>7,7ℎ TT=43 Pjksi= 362/322 ? ^cct `ilcauack pjmjriascck ti`ca `itjmuack  pjmdjscrck `ck pjrhjsjrck ocktukh. ^ucrc ocktukh tjr`jkhcr lud `up. ? pjrajmdckhck `c`c Ky.R simjtris `ck ti`ca c`c  pjmdjkhacack ? aulit ky.R tjlifct djrsif, djrwcrkc scwe mctckh, aulit tjrcsc ljmdcd, turher aulit `jtia, ti`ca tjr`cpct ljsi. ? Ky. R DCA aurckh ljdif 6 acli sjfcri ? Ky.R mjkhctcack mjkhctcack Pulckh pc`c acaikyc sjrikh scait `ck sjrikh tjrcsc ajrcm ? ti`ca tjr`cpct pjmdjkhacack, disikh usus 2 (lcksic mck`iri `clcm mjmjkufi cativitcs sjfcri-fcri)



Mersj rjsiae octuf? ^aer 4: (rjsiae octuf rjk`cf)

L. @CPC RJKZKOCKH

3. Lcd Lcdve verc rcte teri rium um FD H@^ Cscm Zrct

? 34 mh/`l ? 98 h/`l ? 8,2 mh/`l

 

CKCLI^C @CPC Ke.

@CPC ^ZDYJAPIG/EDYJAPIG (^ihk/^ymptem) 3. @s? Ky.R Ky.R mjkhct mjkhctcack cack pjrkcf pjrkcf mjkhclcmi pjkhclcmck lupc

@e? Ky.R tjrlifct ti`ca mcmpu mjlcauack ajmcmpuck yckh `ipjlcocri sjdjlumkyc 4. @s? Ky Ky. R mjkhctcack kyj kyjri pc pc`c  dchick ajpclc @e? R ? ^cct djrcativitcs S ? Kyjri sjpjrti tjrtusua-tusua  T ? kyjri dchick ajpclc `ck acai ^ ? saclc 7 P ?Pjroc`i sjlcmc >-:mjkit >.

0.

@s ? Ky. R Rcsijk mjkhctcack

IKPJTRTJ^PC^I (Jtielehi)

Rresjs pjkucck

Ajruscack sistjm scrcg

MC^CLCF (Rredljm)

Hckhhuck Mjmeri

Kyjri Arekis

Rjru Rjrudc dcfc fck k pc pc`c `c ni nitr trcc Fcrh Fcrhcc @iri @iri Tjk`cf Tjk`cf

wcat wc atu u ajni ajnill mctc mctcky kycc pjrk pjrkcf cf `i tuduf  pctua cycm sjfikhhc mctc sjdjlcf airikyc ti`ca disc mjlifct @e? Ky.R y.R tjrl tjrlif ifct ct mik mik`jr `jr sc scct ct  djrtjmu erckh lcik

^itucsiekcl

@s? Ky. R mjkhctcack kyjri scct Ajacauck sjk`i  djroclck, sjpjrti `i tusua-tusua, `ck filckh timdul @e?? Ky. @e Ky. R tjrl tjrlif ifct ct susc suscf f uktu uktua  a   djroclck

Hckhhuck medilitcs gisia 

RTIETIPC^ MC^CLCF

3.

Hck Hckhhu hhuck ck mjm mjmeri eri djrfud djrfudukh ukhck ck `jkhck `jkhck presjs presjs pjkucc pjkucck k

4.

Kyj Kyjri ri arekis arekis djrfud djrfudukh ukhck ck `jkhck `jkhck ajrusc ajruscack ack sistjm sistjm scrcg  scrcg 

>.

Fcrh Fcrhcc @iri Tjk` Tjk`cf cf ^ituc ^itucsie siekcl kcl djrfu djrfuduk dukhck hck `jkh `jkhck ck Rjrudc Rjrudcfck fck pc`c pc`c nitrc nitrc tuduf tuduf

0.

Hck Hckhhu hhuck ck medi medilit litcs cs gisia gisia djrfu djrfuduk dukhck hck `jkhck `jkhck ajacau ajacauck ck sjk`i sjk`i

 

TJKNCKC AJRJTCXCPCK Ke

^@AI

^LAI

^IAI

`x 3.

4.

Hckhhuck mjmeri

Erijktcsi aehkitig 

Lctifck mjmeri

@jgikisi Ajti`camcmpuck mjkhikhct djdjrcpc ikgermcsi ctcu pjrilcau

@jgikisi Ajmcmpuck mjkhi`jktigiacsi erckh, tjmpct, `ck wcatu sjncrc caurct

@jgikisi Mjkhcocrack ajmcmpuck uktua mjkikhactack `cyc ikhct

Rjkyjdcd 3. Rresjs Rresjs pjkuc pjkucck ck Hjoclc `ck tck`c mcyer  3. Mjlcperac Mjlcperack k pjrkcf mjkhclc mjkhclcmi mi  pjkhclcmck lupc 4. Pi`ca Pi`ca mcmpu mjmpj mjmpjlcocr lcocrii ajtjrcmpilck dcru Hjoclc tck`c miker  3. Mjrcsc Mjrcsc mu mu`cf `cf lupc lupc

^jtjlcf `ilcauack tik`cack ajpjrcwcck 4x40 ocm `jkhck aritjric fcsil 1 3. I`jktigia I`jktigiacsi csi `iri sj sjk`iri k`iri (0) (0) 4. I`jktigia I`jktigiacsi csi erckh tjr tjr`jact `jact (0) (0) >. I`jktigia I`jktigiacsi csi tjmpc tjmpctt scct iki (0) 0. I`jktigia I`jktigiacsi csi pjrist pjristiwc iwc pjktikh pjktikh (0)

Pik`cack Edsjrvcsi 3. I`jkt I`jktigiac igiacsi si mcsclc mcsclcf f mjmeri yckh `iclcmi `iclcmi 4. I`jktigiacsi ajsclcfck tjrfc`cp erijktcsi >. Meki Mekiter ter pjrilc pjrilcau au `ck pjrudcfc pjrudcfck k mjmeri sjlcm sjlcmcc tjrcpi Pjrcpjutia  3. Tjkn Tjknckcac ckcack k mjte`j mjkhco mjkhcocr cr sjsuci ajmcmpuck pcsijk 4. Gcsi Gcsilitcs litcsii ajmcmpuc ajmcmpuck k aeksjktrcsi aeksjktrcsi J`uacsi 3. Ojlc Ojlcsack sack tuouck tuouck `ck presj`ur lc lctifck tifck 4. Cocr Cocrack ack tjakia tjakia mjmer mjmerii yckh tjpc tjpctt Mckcojmjk kyjri

 Kyjri arekis

Ajtjrckhck 3. = Mjku Mjkuru ruk k 4. = Nuaup Nuaup mjkuru mjkuruk k >. = sj` sj`ck ckh h 0. = Nuaup Nuaup mjkikh mjkikhact act :. = Mjkikh Mjkikhact act Aektrel kyjri

@jgikisi Rjkhclcmck sjkseria/jmesiekcl yckh  djracitck `jkhck ajruscack ocrikhck cntucl cntucl ctc ctcu u guk gukhsek hsekcl cl `jk `jkhck hck eksjt eksjt mjk`c`ca/l mjk`c `ca/lcmdct cmdct `ck djrik djriktjksi tjksitcs tcs rikhck fikhhc djrct `cri aekstck, yckh  djrlckhsukh ljdif `cri > dulck.

@jgikisi Pik`cack uktua mjrj`cack pjkhclcmck sjk sjkser seria ia ctc ctcss jme jmesie siekcl kcl yckh yckh ti`ca  ti`ca  mjky mjkyjk jkck ckha hack ck caid caidct ct aj ajru rusc scac ack k  ocrikhck

@jgikisi Mj Mjkhi khi`jk `jktig tigiac iacsi si `ck mjk mjkhjl hjlelc elc pjk pjkhcl hclcmc cmck k sjkseria sjkser ia ctcu jmesiekcl yckh djrac djracitck itck `jkhck ajruscack ajrus cack ocrikhck ctcu gukhsi gukhsiekcl ekcl `jkhck eksjt mjk`c`ca mjk`c `ca ctcu lcmdct `ck djrik djriktjksi tjksitcs tcs rikhc rikhck k ffikhhc djrct `ck aekstck

Rjkyjdcd 3. Rjkjackck Rjkjackck scrcg scrcg 4. Ikgiltrcsi Ikgiltrcsi tumer

^jtjlcf `ilcauack tik`cack ajpjrcwcck 4x40 ocm `jkhck aritjric fcsil 1 3. Mjlcperac Mjlcperack k kyjri tjrae tjraektrel ktrel (>)

Pik`cack Edsjrvcsi 3. I`jkt I`jktigia igiacsi csi sacl saclcc kyjri

Hjoclc `ck tck`c mcyer  ^udojatig 3. Mjkhj Mjkhjluf luf kyjri kyjri Edojatig 3. Ajauctck Ajauctck etet mjkuruk mjkuruk Hjoclc `ck tck`c miker 3. Pc Pcmpc mpca a hjliscf hjliscf Pck`c `ck hjoclc miker Edojatig 3. Rel Relcc ti ti`ur `ur djru djrudcf dcf

4. (0) Ajmcmpuck Ajmcmpuck mjk mjkhjkcl hjkclii eksjt kyjri >. Ajmcmpuck Ajmcmpuck mjk mjkhjkcl hjkclii pjkyjdcd kyjri (>) 0. @uaukhck @uaukhck erck erckh h tjr`jact tjr`jact (0)

4. mjmpjrikhck I`jkt I`jktigia igiacsi csi gcnter mjmpjrdjrc rdjrctt `ck kyjriyckh mjmpj Pjrcpjutia 3. Aektr Aektrel el likhaukhc likhaukhck k yckh mjmpjrdj mjmpjrdjrct rct rcsc kyjri (mis. ^ufu ruckhck, pjkncfcycck, ajdisikhck) 4. Gcsi Gcsilitcs litcsii istirc istircfct fct `ck ti`u ti`urr J`uacsi 3. Ckour Ckourack ack mjmeki mjmekiter ter kyjri sjnc sjncrc rc mck`ir mck`irii 4. koura kourack ck mjkhhukc mjkhhukcack ack ckclhjs ckclhjsin in sjncrc tjpct tjpct >. Mekit Mekiter er csu csupck pck mc mcackck ackck

 

>.

Ajtjrckhck 3. = Mjku Mjkuru ruk k 4. = Nuaup Nuaup mjkuru mjkuruk k >. = ssj` j`ck ckh h 0. = Nuaup Nuaup mjkikh mjkikhact act :. = Mjkikh Mjkikhact act

Fcrhc `iri rjk`cf arekis

Fcrhc `iri

Mckcojmjk pjrilcau

@jgikisi Jvclucsi ctcu pjrcscck kjhctivj tjrfc`cp `iri sjk`iri ctcu ajmcmpuck

@jgikisi Rjrcscck pesitig tjrfc`cp `iri sjk`iri ctcu ajmcmpuck sjdchci rcspek

@jgikisi Mjkhi`jktigiacsi `ck mjkhjlelc pjrilcau kjhctivj Pik`cack

alijk sjpjrti ti`ca djrcrti, ti`ca  djrfcrhc, ti`ca djr`cyc yckh  djrlckhsukh `clcm wcatu lcmc `ck tjrus mjkjrus.

tjrfc`cp situcsi scct iki. @jkhck aritjris fcsil mjkikhact

Edsjrvcsi 3. Mjkhi Mjkhi`jkti `jktigiacs giacsii `ck mjkhjlel mjkhjlelcc pjrilcau pjrilcau kjhctivj Pjrcpjutia 3. Mjk`i Mjk`isausia sausiack ck tckhhukh ocwcd tjrf tjrfc`cp c`cp  pjrilcau 4. Mjkikhactack cativitcs gisia sjsuci ajmcmpuck >. Mjlcauack cativitcs pjkhclifck tjrfc`cp chitcsi 0. Njhcf pj pjrilca rilcau u pesitig `ck chr chrjsig jsig :. Mjkhf Mjkhfik`cr ik`crii siacp mjkhckn mjkhckncm cm `ck djr`jdc djr`jdctt

Rjkyjdcd 3. Ajh Ajhchc chclck lck djrul djrulckh ckh 4. Aurc Aurckhkyc khkyc pjkhc pjkhcauck auck `c `cri ri erckh erckh lcik Hjoclc `ck tck`c mcyer

3. pjkilcick pjkilcick `i `iri ri pes pesitig itig (>) (>) 4. pjrcscck pjrcscck mjmi mjmiliai liai ajljdifck ajljdifck ctcu ctcu ajmcmpuck pesitig (>) >. mikct mjkne mjknedc dc fcl d dcru cru (>) (>) 0. pjrncyc pjrncyc `ck dj djrdinc rdincrc rc (>) Ajtjrckhck