Kel 10 Teori KDM

 

BHKH@HC ]DLUN ]DLUN KDET]TCHG MHQHU BHGTQNH

L`dc Kd`lbplk 86:

Mwnvh Gurbh ^ugnhr

(565661685)

 Glvrnsh Vutrn Qdprnhwhtn

(565661615)

Qrn Uhchyu

(5656616=6)

]ntns Muwhgh Qhputrn

(5656616=5)

Qcd``y Hyu Lkthvnh

(5656616=1)

VULIUHB Q]TMN M1 KDVDUHYH]HG QDKL@HC ]NGIIN N@BT KDQDCH]HG KHU^H CTQHMH KDMNUN 565

n

 

@DBEHU VDGIDQHCHG

Bhkh`hc ngn mnsusug ugtuk bdbdgucn tuihs bhtdrn Kdeutuchg Mhshr bhgusnh. ^hgi edrjumu` ]dlrn ]dlrn Kdeutuchg Mhshr Bhgusnh l`dc kd`lbplk 86 bhchsnswh Vrlmn M1 Kdpdrhwhthg Q]NKDQ Khryh Cushmh Kdmnrn. ^hgi td`hc mnsdtujun l`dc:

Kdmnrn 84 Qdptdbedr 5656

Mlsdg Vdbenbengi

(

nn

 

KH]H VDGIHG]HU 

Vujn syukur knth phgjhtkhg kdchmnrht H``hc swt, edrkht rhcbht mhg khrugnh Gyh `hc khbn mhpht mhpht bdgyd`dshnkhg bdgyd`dshnkhg bhkh`hc bhkh`hc Kdeutuchg Kdeutuchg Mhshr Mhshr Bhgusnh ngn tdpht phmh phmh whktugyh. Chrhphg Chrh phg khbn khbn sdehih sdehihnn pdgyus pdgyusug ug yhntu yhntu hihr hihr phrh phrh pdbeha pdbehahh bdbhch bdbhchbn bn tdgthg tdgthgi i Klgsdp Bhgusnh mhg Klgsdp Kdeutuchg Mhshr Bhgusnh. Khbn pug bdgiuahpkhg tdrnbh khsnc kdphmh pnchk yhgi td`hc bdbehgtu bdbehgtu khbn mh`hb bdgyusug bhkh`hc ngn bdgjhmn `denc ehnk `hin. Khbn juih bdgichrhpkhg shrhg yhgi bdbehgiug mdbn tdrsusuggyh bhkh`hc ngn bdgjhmn `denc ehnk `hin.

Clrbht khbn

VDG^TQTG

nnn

 

MHO]HU NQN

CH@HBHGJTMT@...............................................................................................n @DBEHUVDGIDQHCHG.................. @DBEHUVDGIDQ HCHG........................................ ............................................ ............................................. .......................nn nn KH]HVDGIHG]HU...................... KH]HVDGIHG]HU ............................................ ............................................ ................................................. ...........................nnn nnn MHO]HUNQN...........................................................................................................nv ......nv EHENVDGMHCT@THG........................ EHENVDGMHCT@THG.. ............................................ ............................................ ...........................................4 .....................4 H.

@hthrEd`hkhgi........................................................................................4

E.

UubushgBhsh`hc...................................................................................?

A.

]ujuhg.................................. ]ujuhg............ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................? .......................?

EHE NN]NGJHTHG VTQ]HKH.................................. VTQ]HKH.............................................................................. ............................................9 9 H.

Vdgidrtnhg Kdeutuchg Mhshr Bhgusnh.................................................. Bhgusnh....................................................9 ..9

E.

Ch`-Ch` ^hgi Bdgmhshrn Vdbhchbhg KdeutuchgMhshr Bhgusnh..........9

A.

Anrn KdeutuchgMhshr Bhgusnh......................................... Bhgusnh................................................................9 .......................9

M.

Ohktlr yhgi BdbpdgihrucnKdeutuchg Bd bpdgihrucnKdeutuchg Bhgusnh.....................................3 Bhgusnh.....................................3

EHE NNN VDBEHCHQHG H. ]dlrn Kdeutuchg Kdeutuchg Mhshr Bhgusnh BdgurutHerhc BdgurutHerhchb hb Bhs`lw........ Bhs`lw............. .......... .......> ..> E. ]dlrn Kdeutuchg Kdeutuchg Mhshr Bhgusnh Bhgusnh Bdgurut Ch`edr Ch`edrtMugg tMugg(8>43 (8>43).... ).......... ............81 ......81 A. ]dlrn Kdeutuchg Kdeutuchg Mhshr Bhgusnh Bhgusnh Bdgurut Mlrlt Mlrltcdhlr cdhlrdb(8> db(8>98)... 98)........ .......... ......8= .8= M. ]dlrn Kdeutuchg Kdeutuchg Mhshr Bhgusnh Bhgusnh BdgurutO BdgurutO`lrdg `lrdgadGnic adGnictngi`d. tngi`d........... ................8? ......8? D. ]dlrn Kdeutu Kdeutuchg chg Mhshr Mhshr Bhgusnh Bhgusnh Bdgurut Bdgurut BhrtchDUl BhrtchDUlidrs..... idrs............... .................56 .......56 O. ]dlrn Kdeutuchg Kdeutuchg Mhshr Bhgusnh Bhgusnh Bdgurut Bdgurut OhydI`dgg OhydI`dgg Hemd``hc... Hemd``hc........ .......... ......51 .51 I. ]dlrn Kdeutuchg Mhshr Bhgusnh Bdgurut Jclgslg..................................59 Jclgslg..................................59 C. ]dlrn Kdeutuchg Kdeutuchg Mhshr Bhgusnh Cn`mdihrmD. Cn`mdihrmD. Vdp`hu.... Vdp`hu........ ......... .......... .......... .............16 ........16 N.

]dlrn Kdeutuchg Kdeutuchg Mhshr Bhgusnh Bhgusnh Bdguru Bdgurut_nrin t_nringnh gnh Cdgmdrslg... Cdgmdrslg............ ..............15 .....15

nv

 

J. ]dlrn Kdeutuchg Kdeutuchg Mhshr Mhshr Bhgusnh Bhgusnh Bdguru BdgurutMhvnm tMhvnmBaA`d` BaA`d``hgm.. `hgm....... .......... ............ ........1= .1= EHEN_ VDGT]TV.............................. VDGT]TV.................................................... ............................................ ............................................13 ......................13 H.

Kdsnbpu`hg..................................... Kdsnbpu`hg............... ............................................ ............................................ .....................................13 ...............13

E.

Qhrhg..........................................................................................................13

A. MhothrVusthkh........................................... MhothrVusthkh................................................................. ..................................................=6 ............................=6

v

 

EHE N VDGMHCT@THG H. @hth @hthrr Ed` Ed`hk hkhg hgi i

Bhgusnh sdehihn Bhgusnh sdehihn bhkc`uk bhkc`uk enl`lins, enl`lins, psnkl`lins psnkl`lins,, slanh`, slanh`, mhg sprnrntuh` sprnrntuh` bdbn`nk bdb n`nknn ehgyhk ehgyhk kdeutu kdeutuchg chg ug ugtuk tuk bdbdgu bdbdgucn cn kdeutu kdeutuchg chg cnmupg cnmupgyh, yh,  ehckhg mhrn kdeutuchg yhgi ph`ngi mhshr sdpdrtn bhkhg, bngub,  edrghphs, rdprlmuksn mhg nstnrhcht. Bhgusnh bdbn`nkn kdeutuchg mhshr yhgi edrsnoht cdtdrlidg. Qdtnhp lrhgi phmh mhshrgyh bdbn`nkn kdeutuchg kdeutuchg yhgi shbh, hkhg tdthpn khrdgh  eumhyh, bhkh kdeutuchg tdrsdeutpug nkut edredmh. Mh`hb bdbdgucn kdeutuchg bhgusnh bdgydsuhnkhg mnrn mdgihg prnlrnths yhgi hmh. `h`u jnkh ihih` bdbdgucn kdeutuchggyh, bhgusnh hkhg edrpnknr `denc kdrhs mhg  edridrhk ugtuk edrushch bdgmhphtkhggyh. bdgmhphtkhggyh. Kdeutuchg Kdeut uchg mhshr bhgusnh bhgusnh bdruphkhg bdruphkhg ugsur-ugsu ugsur-ugsurr yhgi mneutuckhg mneutuckhg l`dc bhgusnh bhgusnh mh`hb bdbpdrthchg bdbpdrthchgkhg khg kdsdnbehgih kdsdnbehgihg g onsnl`lins onsnl`lins bhupuhg bhupuhg  psnkl`lins, yhgi tdgtugyh edrtujuhg ugtuk bdbpdrthchgkhg kdcnmuphg mhg kdsdchthg. Kdeutuchg Kdeut uchg mhshr bhgusnh bhgusnh bdgurut bdgurut Herhchb Herhchb Bhs`lw mh`hb tdlrn Cnrhrk Cnr hrkn. n. Kdeutu Kdeutuchg chg bdgyht bdgyhthkhg hkhg ehcwh ehcwh sdtnhp sdtnhp bhgusn bhgusnhh bdbn`n bdbn`nkn kn `nbh `nbh kdeutuchg kdeut uchg mhshr yhntu kdeutuchg kdeutuchg onsnl`lins, onsnl`lins, kdhbhghg, angth, chrih mnrn, mhg hktuh`nshsn mnrn. Mh`hb bdgihp`nkhsnkhg kdeutuchg mhshr bhgusnh (KMB (K MB)) yh yhgi gi mh mhph phtt mniu mniugh ghkh khg g ug ugtu tuk k bdbh bdbhch chbn bn cu cueu eugi gihg hg hg hgth thrh rh kdeutu kde utuchg chg mhshr mhshr bhgusn bhgusnhh phmh phmh shht bdbedr bdbedrnkh nkhg g pdrhwh pdrhwhthg thg.Ed .Ededr edrhph hph kd kdeu eutu tuch chg g

bhgu bhgusn snhh

tdrtd tdrtdgt gtu u

`den `denc c

bd bdgm gmhsh hshrr

mh mhrnp rnphm hmhh

kd kdeu eutu tuch chg g

`hnggyh.Mh`hb bdgihp`nkhsnkhg kdeutuchg mhshr bhgusnh tdrsdeut mhpht mniughkhg ugtuk bdbhchbn cueugihg hgthrh kdeutuchg mhshr bhgusnh mh`hb bdgihp`nkhsnkhg n`bu kdpdrhwhthg mn mugnh kdsdchthg. Yh`hupug sdtnhp sdtn hp lrhgi lrhgi bdbpug bdbpugyhn yhn snoht snoht thbehc thbehchg, hg, kdeutu kdeutuchg chg yhgi yhgi ugnk, ugnk, sdtnhp sdtnhp lr lrhg hgi i bdbp bdbpug ugyh yhnn kd kdeu eutu tuch chg g mh mhshr shr bhgu bhgusnh snh yh yhgi gi sh shbh bh.. Edshr Edshrgy gyhh

8

 

kdeutuchg mhshr yhgi tdrpdgucn bdgdgtukhg tngikht kdsdchthg mhg plsnsn  phmh rdgthgi sdcht-shknt. E. Uubu Uubush shg g Bhs Bhsh` h`hc hc

8). Hphkhc Hphkhc pdgidrtnhg pdgidrtnhg kdeutuchg kdeutuchg mhshr mhshr bhgusnh< bhgusnh< 5). Hphkhc Hphkhc ch` ch` yhgi bdgmhs bdgmhshrn hrn pdbhch pdbhchbhg bhg tdgthg tdgthgi i kdeutu kdeutuchg chg mhshr  bhgusnh < 1). Hph shjh blmd` blmd` blmd` kdeutuc kdeutuchg hg mhshr bhgusnh bhgusnh <

A. ]ujuhg

8). Bdgidthcun Bdgidthcun pdgidrtnh pdgidrtnhg g kdeutuchg kdeutuchg mhshr bhgusnh bhgusnh 5). Bdgidt Bdgidthcu hcunn ch`-ch` ch`-ch` yhgi yhgi bdgmhs bdgmhshrn hrn pdbhch pdbhchbhg bhg tdgthg tdgthgi i kdeutu kdeutuchg chg mhshr bhgusnh. 1). Bdgidthcun Bdgidthcun blmd`-blm blmd`-blmd` d` kdeutuchg kdeutuchg mhshr bhgusnh. bhgusnh.

5

 

EHE NN ]NGJHTHG VTQ]HKH H. Vdgid Vdgidrtn rtnhg hg K Kdeu deutuc tuchg hg Mhsh Mhshrr Bhgu Bhgusnh snh

Kdeutu Kde utuchg chg mhshr mhshr bhgusn bhgusnhh bdruph bdruphkhg khg ugsurugsur-ug ugsur sur yhgi yhgi mneutu mneutuckh ckhg g l`dc l`dc bhgusnh mh`hbbdbpdrthchgkhg kdsdnbehgihg onsnl`lins bhupug psnkl`lins, yhgi tdgtugyh edrtujuhg ugtuk bdbpdrthchgkhg kdcnmuphg mhg kdsdchthg. E.

Ch`-Ch` Ch`-Ch` ^hgi ^hgi Bdgmh Bdgmhshrn shrn Vdbhchbhg Vdbhchbhg Kdeutuch Kdeutuchg g Mhshr Mhshr Bhgusnh Bhgusnh

Bhgusn usnhh sdehih sdehihnn ehinhg ehinhg ngtdir ngtdirh` h` yhgi yhgi edrngt edrngtdir dirhsn hsn shtu shbh shbh `hn `hnggy ggyhh   Bhg mh`hb bltnvhsngyh bltnvhsngyh bdbdgucn bdbdgucn kdeutuchg kdeutuchg mhshr (onsnl`lins, (onsnl`lins,kdhbhg kdhbhghg, hg, khsnc shyhgi,chrih mnrn mhg hktuh`nshsn mnrn). Qdtnhp kdeutuchg bhgusnh bdruphkhg suhtu tdihgihg ngtdirh` sdehihn hkneht mhrn pdruehchg mhrn sdtnhp klbplgdg snstdb.]dkhghg tdrsdeut mnbhgnodsthsnkhg mh`hb pdrn`hkugyh ugtuk bdbdgucn kdeutuchg hthu tujuhg shbphn tdrpdgucngyh tngikht kdpuhshg k`ndg. Mhshrr kdeutu Mhsh kdeutuchg chg bhgusn bhgusnhh hmh`hc hmh`hc tdrpdg tdrpdgucn ucngyh gyh tngikh tngikhtt kdpuhs kdpuhshg hg hihr  hihr  bhgusnh ensh bdbpdrthchgkhg cnmupgyh. Vdrhg pdrhwht yhgi uthbh hmh`hc bdbdgucn bdbdg ucn kdeutuchg kdeutuchg mhshr bhgusnh bhgusnh mhg tdrahphngyh tdrahphngyh suhtu kdpuhshg ehin mnrn sdgmnrn sdrth k`ndggyh, bdsknpug mh`hb kdgyhthhggyh mhpht bdbdgucn sh`hc shtu sht u mhrn mhrn kdeutu kdeutuchg chg bdbehw bdbehwhh mhbphk mhbphk tdrchm tdrchmhp hp pdrueh pdruehchg chg snstdb snstdb mh`hb mh`hb ng ngmn mnvn vnmu mu

(e (enl nl`l `lin ins, s,

ngtd ngtd`d `dkt ktuh uh`, `,

dbls db lsnl nlgh gh`, `,

slan slanh` h`,,

spnr spnrnt ntuh uh`, `,

dk dklg lglb lbn, n,

`ngikugihg, phtl`lin mhg psnklphtl`lin). A. An Anrn rn Kde Kdeut utuc uchg hg Mhs Mhshr hr Bhg Bhgus usnh nh

Bhgusnhh bdbn`nkn Bhgusn bdbn`nkn kdeutuchg kdeutuchg mhshr yhgi edrsnoht cdtdrlidg. cdtdrlidg. Qdtnhp lrhgi  phmh mhshrgyhbdbn`nkn kdeutuchg yhgi shbh, hkhg tdthpn khrdgh eumhyh, bhkh kdeutuchg kdeu tuchg tdrsdeutpug tdrsdeutpug nkut edredmh. edredmh. Mh`hb bdbdgucn bdbdgucn kdeutuchg kdeutuchg bhgusnh bdgyds bdg ydsuhn uhnkhg khg mnrn mnrn mdgihg mdgihg prnlrn prnlrnths ths yhgi yhgi hmh.@h hmh.@h`u `u jnkh jnkh ihih` ihih` bdbdgu bdbdgucn cn kdeutuchggyh, bhgusnh hkhg edrpnknr `denc kdrhs mhg edridrhk ugtuk edrushch bdgmhphtkhggyh.

1

 

M. Ohktl Ohktlrr yhgi yhgi Bdbpd Bdbpdgih gihruc rucnn Kdeut Kdeutuch uchg g Bhgu Bhgusnh snh

8. Vdgyhknt Hmhgyh pdgyhknt mh`hb tueuc mhpht bdgydehekhg pdruehchg pdbdguchg kdeutu kde utuchg chg,, ehnk ehnk sdahrh sdahrh onsnl`l onsnl`lins ins bhupug bhupug psnkl` psnkl`lin lins, s, khrdgh khrdgh ededrhp ededrhphh ougisn lrihg tueuc bdbdr`ukhg pdbdguchg edshr mhrn enhshgyh. 5. Cueu Cueugi gihg hg kd` kd`uh uhri rihh Cueugihg kd`uhrih yhgi ehnk mhpht bdgngikhtkhg pdbdguchg kdeutuchg mhshr khrdgh hmhgyh sh`ngi pdrahyh bdrhshkhg kdsdghgihg cnmup tnmhk hmh rhsh aurnih 1. Klgsdp Mnrn Klgsdp mnrn bhgusnh bhgusnh bdbn`nkn bdbn`nkn pdrhg mh`hb pdbdguchg pdbdguchg kdeutuchg kdeutuchg mhshr. Klgsdp Klg sdp mnrn mnrn yhgi yhgi pl plsnt sntno no hkhg hkhg bdbedr bdbedrnkh nkhg g bhkgh bhkgh mhg kdutuc kdutuchg hg ehin ehin sdsdl sds dlrh rhgi gi.. Lrhg Lrhgi i yh yhgi gi bdrh bdrhsh sh pl plsnt sntno no td tdgt gthg hgi i mn mnrn rngy gyhh hk hkhg hg bumh bumhc c  edruehc, bumhc bdgidgh`n kdeutuchg mhg bdgidbehgikhg ahrh cnmup yhgi sdcht, sdcngiih bumhc bdbdgucn kdeutuchggyh. =. ]hch ]hchp p Vdrkd Vdrkdbe behg hgih ihg g Qdjh`hg mdgihg bdgngikhtgyh ubur, bhgusnh bdgih`hbn pdrkdbehgihg mhg phmh sdtnhp thchp pdrkdbehgi pdrkdbehgihg hg tdrsdeut tdrsdeut bdbn`nknkd bdbn`nknkdeutuc eutuchg hg yhgi  edredmh, ehnk kdeutuchg enl`lins, enl`lins, psnkl`lins, slsnh`, bhupug spnrntuh`.

=

 

EHE NNN VDBEHCHQHG

8. ]dlrn ]dlrn Kdeutuch Kdeutuchg g Mhshr Mhshr Bhgusnh Bhgusnh Bdgur Bdgurut ut Herhch Herhchb b Bhs`lw Bhs`lw

Bhs`lw edrhsubsn ehcwh bhgusnh sdjhtngyh bdruphkhg bhkc`uk yhgi  ehnk, sdcngiih bhgusnh bdbn`nkn chk ugtuk bdrdh`nshsnkhg jhtn mnrngyh hihr  bdga bd gahp hphn hn

hktu hktuh` h`ns nshs hsnn

mnrn mnrn..

Bh Bhgu gusn snhh

yh yhgi gi

ed edru ruph phyh yh

bdbd bdbdgu gucn cn

mh mhg g

bdgidksprdsnkhg pltdgsn mhg ehkhtgyh kdrhp kh`n tdrchbeht l`dc klgmnsn bhsyhrhkht bhsyhr hkht yhgi bdgl`hkgyh. bdgl`hkgyh. Kdhmhhg Kdhmhhg sdbhahb ngn mhpht bdgydehekhg bdgydehekhg sdsdlrhgi bdgih`hbn prle`db kdjnwhhg mhg kdtnbphgihg pdrn`hku (Krdac, mh`hb Bngmdrlp, 5688: =3). Bdgu Bd guru rutt Bhs` Bhs`lw lw tngi tngikh khc c `hku `hku bhgu bhgusn snhh `d `den enc c mn mntd tdgt gtuk ukhg hg l` l`dc dc kdadgmdrugihg ngmnvnmu ugtuk bdgahphn tujuhg hihr kdcnmuphg sn ngmnvnmu `denc edrehchinh mhg sdkh`nius bdbuhskhg. Bhs`lw (mh`hb Bngmdrlp, 5688: => =>)) bdgy bdgyht hthk hkhg hg eh ehcw cwhh sdtnh sdtnhp p bhgu bhgusnh snh hm hmh` h`hc hc shtu shtu kd kdpr prne nehm hmnh nhg g sd sdah ahrh rh kdsd`u kds d`uruc ruchg hg yhgi yhgi ngtdir ngtdirh`, h`, kchs, kchs, mhg tdrlri tdrlrihgn hgnshsn shsn,, yhgi yhgi bdgugj bdgugjukk ukkhg hg dksnstdgsn bhgusnh bdbn`nkn kdedehshg ugtuk bdbn`nc tngmhkhg, bdgdgtukhg sdgmnrn ghsne hthu wujum mhrn kdedrhmhhgyh, sdrth edrthgiiugi jhwhe hths  pn`nchg mhg kdedrhmhhggyh ntu. Bhs`lw (mh`hb Bngmdrlp, 5688: =>) bdgyhbphnkhg tdlrngyh tdgthgi kdeutuchg edtngikht kdeutuchg edtngikht yhgi tdrsusug sdehihn edrnkut: edrnkut: onsnl`lins, onsnl`lins, rhsh hbhg, angth mhg bdbn`nkn, chrih mnrn, mhg hktuh`nshsn mnrn. Kdeutuchg mhshr (onsnk) yhntu kdeutuchg mhshr onsnl`lins yhgi bd`nputn keutuchg bhkhghg/bngubhg,  phkhnhg, nstrhcht, sdks, mhg tdbpht tngiih` chrus `denc mu`u mnpdgucn sded`ub  edrhgjhk phmh pdbdguchg kdeutuchg kdeutuchg psnkns (angth, rhsh hbhg, mhg chrih mnrn).

4

 

8) Kdeutu Kdeutuchg chg Mhshr Mhshr Onsnl Onsnl`li `lins ns (Onsnk (Onsnk)) Bhs`lw bdgydeut ehcwh kdeutuchg-kdeutuchg onsnl`lins hmh`hc sdkubpu`hg kdeutuchg mhshr yhgi ph`ngi bdgmdshk pdbdguchggyh khrdgh tdrk tdrkhn hntt

mdgi dgihg

kd`h kd`hg gis isug ugih ihg g

cn cnm mup

bhgu bhgusn snh, h,

kd kde eut utu uch chg g

yh yhg gi

 pdbdguchggyh tnmhk bugikng mntugmh. Hmhpug kdeutuchg-kdeutuchg mh mhsh shrr ons onsnl nl`l `lin inss yh yhgi gi mnbh mnbhks ksum um hg hgthr thrhh `hng `hng kd kdeu eutu tuch chg g bhkh bhkhgh ghg g mh mhg g bngu bn gubh bhg, g, ph phkh khnh nhg, g, stn stnrh rhch cht, t, sdks, sdks, mh mhg g td tdbp bpht ht tngi tngiih ih`. `. Kdeu Kdeutu tuch chggkd kdeu eutu tuch chg g on onsnl snl`l `lin inss bdru bdruph phkh khg g kd kdeu eutu tuch chg g yh yhgi gi ph ph`n `ngi gi bdgm bdgmdsh dshk  k  sdcngiih ph`ngi mnmhcu`ukhg pdbuhshggyh l`dc ngmnvnmu. (Cnkbh.5684) Kdeutuchg onsnl`lins bdruphkhg kdeutuchg yhgi ph`ngi bdgmhshr  mhg tdgtugyh bdruphkhg bhsh`hc yhgi tdrpdgtngi hphen`h kdeutuchg ngn tnmhk tdrpdgucn. Hphen`h kdeutuchg ngn tdrpdgucn bhkh, sdsdlrhgi hkhg adgmdrugi adgmdr ugi edridrhk ugtuk edrushch edrushch bdgahphn bdgahphn kdeutuchg kdeutuchg mn hthsgyh hthsgyh mdbn ugtuk bdbdgucn kdeutuchg tngikht edrnkutgyh khrdgh edshr kdbugiknghg  ehcwh

bltnvhsn

yhgi

ph`ngi

edshr

nh`hc

kdeutuchg

onsnl`lins

(Cnkbh.5684). Kdeutuchg-kdeutuchg onsnl`lins hmh`hc pltdgsn ph`ngi mhshr mhg  edshr ehin sdbuh pdbdguchg kdeutuchg mn hthsgyh. Hmhpug kdeutuchgkdeutuchg yhgi mnbhksum hmh`hc sdehihn edrnkut: h

Kdeu Kdeutu tuch chg g Bhkh Bhkhgh ghg g Mhg Mhg Bngu Bngubh bhg g Bhgusnhh yhgi `hphr hkhg sd`h`u tdrbltnvhsn Bhgusn tdrbltnvhsn ugtuk ugtuk bhkhg mhg bngub,  eukhg ugtuk bdgahrn tdbhg hthu mnchrihn. Bhgusnh hkhg bdgihehnkhg hthu hthu bdgd bdgdkh khg g mu`u mu`u sd sdbu buhh kd kdeu eutu tuch chg g `h `hng ng sh shbp bphn hn kd kdeu eutu tuch chg g

?

 

onsnl`linsgy onsnl`l insgyhh ntu tdrpuhskhg tdrpuhskhg hihr bdbpdrl`dc bdbpdrl`dc kdsdnbehgihg kdsdnbehgihg mh`hb  edrpnknr ugtuk kdeutuchg sd`hgjutgyh. sd`hgjutgyh.  e

Kdeutuchg Vhkhnhg Kdeutuchg Onsnl`lins sd`hng bhkhg bhgusnh bdbdr`ukhg phkhnhg hihr  bdbu bd bumh mhck ckhg hggy gyhh

mh`h mh`hb b

bdgj bdgjh` h`hg hgnn

kd kdcn cnmu muph phgg ggyh yh

sd sdch chrn rn-c -chr hrn. n.

Kdeu Kd eutu tuch chg g ng ngnn bdru bdruph phkh khg g kd kdeu eutu tuch chg g yh yhgi gi td tdrb rbhsu hsuk k kd kdeu eutu tuch chg g bdgm bd gmdsh dshk k mh mhg g mnus mnushc hchk hkhg hg ch chru russ mn mnpd pdgu gucn cn l` l`dc dc bhgu bhgusnh snh sdensh sdensh bugikn bug ikng, g, sdehe sdehe en`h en`h tnmhk tnmhk tdrpdg tdrpdguc ucnn sdsdlrh sdsdlrhgi gi hkhg hkhg bdrhsh bdrhsh tnmhk  tnmhk   pdrahyh

mnrn

 pdbdguchg

mh`hb kdeutuchg

bdgjh`hgn ngn,

kdsdchrnhggyh.

tnmhk

sd`hbhgyh

Ghbug,

mh`hb

ensh

tdrpuhskhg

mh mhsh shrr

onsn onsnl` l`li lins ns..

sdpdgucgyh hthu bngnbh` ensh mnhthsn. a

Kdeu Kdeutu tuc chg Ns Nstn tnrh rhc cht Kdeu Kd eutu tuch chg g

ns nstr trhc hcht ht juih juih tdrb tdrbhs hsuk uk kd kdeu eutu tuch chg g

Kdeutuchg ngn hmh`hc kdhmhhg rn`dks thgph hmhgyh tdkhghg dblsnlgh`,  eukhg chgyh mh`hb kdhmhhg tnmhk edrhktnvnths tdthpn td thpn juih klgmnsn yhgi bdbeutuckh bdbeu tuckhg g kdtdghgihg kdtdghgihg Kdeutuchg Kdeutuchg ngn tdrbhsuk tdrbhsuk kdeutuchg kdeutuchg yhgi  ph`ngi bdgmdshk pdbdguchggyh hihr sdsdlrhgi mhpht edrpnknr mdgihg  ehnk mdbn kd`hgsugihg cnmupgyh. cnmupgyh. m

Kdeutuchg Qdks Kdeu Kd eutu tuch chg g hmh` hmh`hc hc suht suhtu u kdhm kdhmhh hhg g yh yhgi gi mn mnth thgm gmhn hn l` l`dc dc pd pdrh rhsh shhg hg kdkurhgihg mhg nging mnpdrl`dc sdsuhtu yhgi hkhg mnwujumkhg bd`h`un suhtu suht u ushch ushch hthu hthu tngmhk tngmhkhg. hg. Qh`hc Qh`hc shtu kdeutu kdeutuchg chg bdgmhs bdgmhshr hr hmh`hc hmh`hc kdeutu kde utuchg chg sdks sdks khrdgh khrdgh kdeutu kdeutuchg chg ngn bdruph bdruphkhg khg kdeutu kdeutuchg chg mhshr  mhshr  onsnl`lins yhgi edghr-edghr chrus tdrpdgucn mhg hphen`h tnmhk tdrpdgucn sd sdbd bdst stng ngyh yh bhkh bhkh hkhg hkhg tdrj tdrjhm hmnn

sd sdsu suht htu u pd pdgy gynb nbph phgi gihg hg sd sdk ksu suh` h`..

Kdeutuchg Kdeut uchg ngn bdruphkhg bdruphkhg ehinhg ehinhg ngtdirh` ngtdirh` mhrn kdcnmuphg bhgusnh. (Cnkbh.5684) d

Kdeu Kdeutu tuch chg g ]db ]dbph phtt ]ng ]ngii iih` h` ]dbpht tngiih` bdruphkhg kdeutuchg yhgi tdrbhsuk kdeutuchg mhshr  onsn onsnl` l`li lins ns..

Vd Vdbd bdgu guch chg g

kdeu kdeutu tuch chg g

ng ngnn

ph ph`n `ngi gi

bdgm bdgmds dshk hk

ug ugtu tuk  k 

mnmhcu`ukhg l`dc sdtnhp ngmnvnmu hihr bdbumhckhggyh bdbpdrl`dc kdtdghgihg mh`hb bdbpdrthchgkhg kdcnmuphggyh sdahrh onsnk. ]hgph

9

 

tdbpht tdb pht tngiih tngiih`, `, sdsdlrh sdsdlrhgi gi hkhg hkhg bdrhsh bdrhsh tdrusn tdrusnk k kdcnmu kdcnmuphg phggyh gyh mhrn mhrn kdhmhhg sdkd`n`ngigyh.. (Cnkbh.5684) 5) Kdeu Kdeutu tuch chg g Uhsh Uhsh Hbhg Hbhg Kdeutu Kde utuchg chg-kde -kdeutu utuchg chg hkhg hkhg rhsh hbhg hbhg ngn mn hgthrh hgthrhgyh gyh hmh`hc hmh`hc rhsh rhsh hbhg onsnk, sthen`nths, kdtdrihgtugihg, pdr`ngmugihg mhg kdedehshg mhrn mhyh-mh mhy h-mhyh yh yhgi yhgi bdgihg bdgihgahb ahb sdpdrtn sdpdrtn pdgyhk pdgyhknt, nt, thkut, thkut, adbhs, adbhs, ehchyh ehchyh,, kdrusu kdr usuchg chg mhg edgahg edgahghh h`hb. h`hb. Kdeutu Kdeutuchg chg ngn shgiht shgiht mnpdr` mnpdr`ukh ukhg g l`dc l`dc sdsdlrhgi hihr `denc olkus bdbdgucn kdeutuchggyh sd`hgjutgyh, edintu  pu`h mdgihg hbhg tdrchmhp mhyh-mhyh yhgi bdgihgahb sdpdrtn thkut, adbhs, ehchyh, mhg kdrusuchg. (Cnkbh.5684) 1) Kdeutu Kdeutuchg chg Uhsh Uhsh Angth Angth mhg mhg Bdbn` Bdbn`nkn nkn Jnkhh kdeutu Jnk kdeutuchg chg onsnl`l onsnl`lins ins mhg kdeutu kdeutuchg chg hkhg hkhg rhsh hbhg hbhg td` td`hc hc tdrpdgucn, bhkh bugau``hc kdeutuchg hkhg angth, khsnc shyhgi mhg rhsh bdbn`nkn-mnb bdbn`n kn-mnbn`nkn n`nkn.. Kdeutuchg Kdeutuchg-kdeu -kdeutuchg tuchg ngn bd`nputn bd`nputn mlrlgihg mlrlgihg ugtuk  ugtuk   edrshcheht, kdnginghg bdbn`nkn phshgihg mhg kdturughg, kdeutuchg ugtuk  mdkht phmh kd`uhrih mhg kdeutuchg hgthrprnehmn sdpdrtn kdeutuchg ugtuk  bdbedrn mhg bdgdrnbh angth. Kdeutuchg ngmnvnmu hkhg rhsh angth mhg rhsh bdbn bd bn`nk `nknn hm hmh` h`hc hc suht suhtu u kd kdeu eutu tuch chg g yh yhgi gi bdgm bdgmlr lrlg lgi i ng ngmn mnvn vnmu mu ug ugtu tuk  k  bdgihmhkhg cueugihg dodktno hthu nkhthg dblsnlgh` mdgihg ngmnvnmu `hng,  ehnk mdgihg sdshbh jdgns bhupug mdgihg yhgi edr`hwhghg jdgns, mn `ngik `ng ikugi ugihg hg kd`uhr kd`uhrih ih hthupu hthupug g mn `ngiku `ngikugih gihg g kd`lbp kd`lbplk lk mn bhsyhr bhsyhrhkh hkht. t. Ngmnvnmu edrchk ugtuk bdgangthn mhg mnangthn l`dc ngmnvnmu `hng. =) Kdeutu Kdeutuchg chg hkhg hkhg pdgichr pdgichrihh ihhg g (dstddb (dstddb gddms) gddms) Kdtnkh tnih kd`hs pdrthbh kdeutuchg mnpdgucn, kdeutuchg ugtuk  chrih ensh bdgjhmn mlbnghg. Ngn bd`nehtkhg kdeutuchg ehnk chrih mnrn mhg ugtuk sdsdlrhgi bdgmhpht pdgichrihhg mhrn lrhgi `hng. Bhgusnh bdbn`nkn kdeutuchg ugtuk tdihs, edrmhshrkhg, tngikht tngiin sthen` mnrn, mhg rhsh clrbht clr bht mhrn mhrn lrhgi lrhgi `hn `hng. g. Kdtnkh Kdtnkh kdeutu kdeutuchg chg ngn tdrpdg tdrpdguc ucn, n, lrhgi lrhgi bdrhsh bdrhsh  pdrahyh mnrn mhg edrchrih sdehihn lrhgi mn mugnh. Kdtnkh kdeutuchg oru orust strh rhsn sn,,

lr lrhg hgi i

 edrchrih.sdpdrtn

bdr drhs hshh kdeutuchg

rdg rd gmhc, mhc, hkhg

(Cnkbh.5684)

3

`d `dbh bhc, c,

th thk k

edrm edrmhy hyhh

prdstnsd,kdedrchsn`hg,

mh mhg g

tnmh tnmhk  k 

pdgichrihhg

 

4) Hktuh` Hktuh`nshs nshsnn mnrn (sd`o (sd`o hatuh hatuh`nzh `nzhtnl tnlg) g) Bdruph Bdr uphkhg khg kdeutu kdeutuchg chg hkhg hkhg kdedeh kdedehshg shg edrtng edrtngikh ikhc c `hku,t `hku,thgp hgphh chbehthg-chbehthg mhrn `uhr,ugtuk bdgjhmnkhg mnrn sdgmnrn sdsuhn mdgihg antrh mnrngyh sdgmnrn hthu bdrdh`nshsnkhg pltdgsn lrhgi sdpdgucggyh ugtuk  bdgjhmn knth sdbuh bhbpu bdgjhmn mnrn sdgmnrn (Cnkbh.5684). 5. ]dlrn ]dlrn Kdeutuch Kdeutuchg g Mhshr Mhshr Bhgusnh Bhgusnh Bdgur Bdgurut ut Ch`edrt Ch`edrt Mugg Mugg (8>43)

8) Hmht Hmht Ns Nstn tnhm hmht ht ]hth kd`hkuhg yhgi kdkh` mhg turug tdburug mhrn idgdrhsn 8 kd idgdrhsn `hng `hng sdehih sdehihnn whrnshg whrnshg sdcngi sdcngiih ih kuht kuht ngtdir ngtdirhsn hsngyh gyh mdgihg mdgihg pl`h pl`h pdrn`hk pdrn`hku u bhsyhrhkht .  . (Nacwhg.568?) 5)

Klbugnkhsn Quht Qu htu u pr prls lsds ds mnbh mnbhgh gh sd sdsd sdlr lrhg hgi i ht hthu hu ed eded edrh rhph ph lr lrhg hgi, i, kd kd`l `lbp bplk lk,, lrihgnshsn, lrihg nshsn, mhg bhsyhrhkht bhsyhrhkht bdganpthkhg bdganpthkhg mhg bdgiiughkh bdgiiughkhg g ngolrbhsn ngolrbhsn bhsyhrhkht bhsyhr hkht bdganpthkhg bdganpthkhg mhg bdgiiughk bdgiiughkhg hg ngolrbhsn ngolrbhsn hihr tdrcueugi tdrcueugi mdgihg mdgih g `ngikugihg `ngikugihg mhg hr tdrcueugi tdrcueugi mdgihg `ngikugihg `ngikugihg mhg lrhgi `hng. (Nacwhg.568?)

1)

Vd Vdrs rshc hche heht hthh pdr pdrsh shch cheh ehth thg g Nstn`hc yhgi bdgiihbehrkhg pdrn`hku kdrjhshbh mhg sh`ngi bdgmukugi hgthrh 5 hthu `denc dgtnths slsnh`. (Nacwhg.568?)

=)

Kdeu Kdeutu tuch chg g ugt ugtuk uk tube tubeuc uc Vdrtub Vdr tubeuc euchg hg hmh`hc hmh`hc suhtu suhtu prlsds prlsds h`hbnh h`hbnhc c yhgi yhgi tdrjhmn tdrjhmn phmh phmh ngmnvnm ngmnvnmu u yhntu yhn tu sdahrh sdahrh edrthc edrthchp hp edrht edrht mhg tngiin tngiin hghk hghk sdbhkn sdbhkng g edrthb edrthbehc ehc mhg sdahrh sdah rh snbu`t snbu`thg hg bdgih` bdgih`hbn hbn pdgngi pdgngikht khthg hg ugtuk ugtuk edroug edrougisn isn ehnk ehnk sdahrh sdahrh kligntno psnklslsnh` bhupug spnrntuh` . (Nacwhg.568?)

4)

Kdeu Kdeutu tuch chg g ug ugtu tuk k ed edrnb rnbhjn hjngh ghsn sn Nbhj Nb hjng nghs hsnn hm hmh` h`hc hc sd sdeu euhc hc kd kdrjh rjh hk hkh` h` mh mh`hb `hb bdgi bdgidb dbeh ehgi gikh khg g suht suhtu u  pdbnknrhg yhgi `denc `uhs mhrn hph yhgi pdrghc mn`ncht ,mdgihr mhg rhshkhg.

?)

Kdeu Kdeutu tuch chg g ugtu ugtuk k bdgm bdgmhp hpht ht khsnc khsnc shy shyng ngi i Hmh`hc sdsuhtu snkhp sh`ngi bdgiclrbhtn mhg bdgihsncn sdbuh anpthhg ]uchg ehnk bhkc`uk cnmup bhupug edgmh bhtn sdpdrtn bdgyhyhgin mnrn

>

 

bdgyhyhgin mnrn sdgmnrn edr`hgmhs chtn sdgmnrn edr`hgmhs chtn gurhgn yhgi `ucur. 9)

Kdsdnbehgihg Kdsd sdnnbehgihg kdsd kdsdtn tnb behgih hgihg g

hmh`hc tueu tueuc c

kdbh dbhbpuhg kdtn kdtnk kh

ugtuk

mntdb ntdbp pht htkh khg g

mn

bdbp dbpdrthchgkhg edr dre ehi hihn hn

plsnsn snsn..

(Nacwhg.568?) 3)

@ngi @ngiku kugi gihg hg on onsnk snk bhup bhupug ug slsnh slsnh`` Bdgahgikup suhtu klgmnsn sdknthr tdbpht tngiih` mhg kdhmhhg onsnk yhgi mnh`hbn. mhpht mhrn `ngikugihg tdthgiih, rubhc, mhg `ngikugihg tdthgiih, rubhc, mhg sdknthr. sdknthr. (Nacwhg.568?)

>)

Qlsnh`nshsn Qdeuhc prlsds pdghghbhg hthu trhgodrs kdenhshhg hthu gn`hn mhg hturhg mh mhrn rn 8 id idgd gdrhs rhsnn kd id idgd gdrh rhsn sn `hngg `hnggyh yh mh mh`h `hb b sd sdeu euhc hc kd kd`l `lbp bplk lk ht hthu hu bhsyhrhkht.

86 86)) Oh`sh Oh`shoh ohc c cnm cnmup up Oh`shohc hmh`hc stumn tdgthgi sd`uruc odglbdgh kdcnmuphg mhg pdbnknrhg bhgusnh sdahrh krntns mhg mnjhehrkhg mh`hb klgsdp bdgmhshr. 88 88)) Kdbd Kdbdrm rmdk dkhhg hhg Kdbdrm Kdb drmdkh dkhhg hg hmh`hc hmh`hc chk ugtuk ugtuk bdgidg bdgidgmh` mh`nkh nkhg g mnrngy mnrngyhh sdgmnr sdgmnrnn thgph thgph ahbpur thgihg lrhgi`hng mhg hthu tnmhk edrihgtugi phmh lrhgi`hng `hin. 85) 85) Kdmu Kdmumu mukh khg g (Mnignty (Mnignty)) Quhtu jhehthg hthu phgikht yhgi mn mhpht sdsdlrhgi mdgihg suhtu ushch mh`hb suhtu tdbpht yhgi shgiht bdbpdgihrucn ihyh tdbpht yhgi shgiht bdbpdgihrucn ihyh cnmup, pdgihku cnmup, pdgihkuhg mhg `hng-`hng mhrn lrhgi sdknthr.(Nacwhg.568?) 1. ]dlrn ]dlrn Kdeutuchg Kdeutuchg Mhshr Mhshr Bhgusnh Bhgusnh Bdguru Bdgurutt Mlrltcdh Mlrltcdh lrdb lrdb (8>98) (8>98)

Mdongnsn kdpdrhwhthg yhgi bdgdkhgkhg phmh kdeutuchg k`ndg tdgthgi  pdrhwhthg mnrn sdgmnrn. Lrdb bdgiihbehrkhg on`lslon tdgthgi khpdrhwhthg mdgihg ahrh sdpdrtn edrnkut : Kdpdrhwhthg bdbn`nkn pdrchtnhg tdrtdgtu phmh kdeutuchg bhgusnh tdrchmhp tngmhkhg pdrhwhthg mnrngyh sdgmnrn mhg klgmnsn sdrth pdghth`hkshghhggyh sdahrh tdrus bdgdrus mh`hb uphyh bdbpdrthchgkhg

86

 

kdcnmu kdc nmuphg phg mhg kdsdch kdsdchthg thg,, pdgydb pdgydbeuc euchg hg mhrn mhrn pdgyhk pdgyhknt, nt, hthu hthu anmdrh, anmdrh, mhg bdgihthsn cdgmhyh yhgi mntnbeu`khggyh. Mh`hb pdbhchbhg klgsdp kdpdrhwhthg kcususgyh mh`hb phgmhgihg bdgi bd gidg dghn hn pd pdbd bdgu guch chg g kd kdeu eutu tuch chg g mh mhshr shr,, Lrdb Lrdb bdbe bdbehi hinn mh mh`h `hb b kl klgs gsdp dp kdeutuchg mhshr yhgi tdrmnrn mhrn: 8.

Hnr (umhrh) (umhrh) : p pdbd dbd`nc `ncrhhg rhhg mh`hb mh`hb pdgi pdgihbe hbenhg nhg umhrh. umhrh.

5.

Yhtd Yhtdrr (hnr) (hnr) : pdbd pdbd`nh `nhrhh rhhg g pdgi pdgihb hben en`h `hg g hnr  hnr 

1.

Ollm Ollm (bhkhg (bhkhghg) hg) : pdbd pdbd`nc `nchrhh hrhhg g mh`hb mh`hb bdgikl bdgiklgsu gsubsn bsn bhkh bhkhghg ghg

=.

D`nbng D`nbnghtn htnlg lg (d`nbng (d`nbnghsn hsn)) : pdbd`n pdbd`nchrh chrhhg hg kdeutu kdeutuchg chg prlsd prlsdss d`nbngh d`nbnghsn sn

4.

Udst Udst hgm Hatnvn Hatnvnty ty (Nstnr (Nstnrhch hchtt mhg kdinht kdinhthg) hg) : kdsdnbe kdsdnbehgi hgihg hg hgthrh hgthrh nstnrh nstnrhcht cht mhg hktnvnths.

?.

Ql`n Ql`ntu tumd md hg hgm m Qlan Qlanh` h` Ng Ngtd tdrh rhat atnl nlg g (k (kds dsdg dgmn mnrn rnhg hg mh mhg g ng ngtd tdrh rhks ksnn sl slsn snh` h`)) :

 pdbd`nchrhhg mh`hb kdsdnbehgihg hgthrh kdsdgmnrnhg mhg ngtdrhksn slsnh` 9. Chzhr Chzhrm m Vr Vrdv dvdg dgtn tnlg lg (pdgad (pdgadih ihch chg g rnsnk rnsnkl) l) : kd kdeu eutu tuch chg g hk hkhg hg pd pdga gadi dihc hchg hg rnsnkl phmh kdcnmuphg bhgusnh mh`hb kdhmhhg sdcht . 3.

Vrlb Vrlbl ltnlg tnlg lo Gl Glrbh` rbh`nt nty y

 Kdyhknghg Lrdb tdgthgi dbpht klgsdp uthbh kdpdrhwhthg hmh`hc : 8. Ngmn Ngmnvn vnmu mu/K /K`n `ndg dg Ngmn Ngmnvn vnmu mu hthu hthu kd kd`l `lbp bplk lk yh yhgi gi tnmh tnmhk k bhbp bhbpu u sdahr sdahrhh td tdru russ bdgd bdgdru russ bdbpdrthchgkhg sd`o ahrd ugtuk cnmup mhg sdcht, pdbu`nchg mhrn shknt hthu trhubh htu klpngi mhg dodkgyh. 5. Qdcht Kdbhbpuhg ngmnvnmu hthu kd`lbplkn bdbdgucn tugtuthtg sd`o ahrd yhgi  edrpdrhg ugtuk bdbpdrthchgkhg mhg bdgngikhtkhg ngtdirnths struaturh` ougisn mhg pdrkdbehgihg. 1. @ngikugihg ]hthghg mnbhgh k`ndg tnmhk mhpht bdbdgucn kdeutuchg kdpdr`uhg sd`o  ahrd mhg pdrhwht tdrbhsuk mnmh`hbgyh tdthpn tnmhk spdsnonk. =. Kdpdrhwhthg

88

 

Vd`hyh Vd` hyhghg ghg yhgi yhgi mdgihg mdgihg sdgihj sdgihjhh mnpn`n mnpn`nc c hthu hthu kdinht kdinhthg hg yhgi yhgi mn`hku mn`hkukhg khg ugtuk bdbehgtu bdbehgtu ngmnvnmu, ngmnvnmu, kd`uhrih mhg kd`lbplk kd`lbplk bhsyhrhkht bhsyhrhkht mh`hb bdbpdrthchgkhg sd`o ahrd yhgi bdgahkup, ngtdirnths strukturh`, ougisn mhg pdrkdbehgihg. Edrm Ed rmhs hshr hrk khg bdgi bd gidb dbeh ehgi gikh khg g

kdy kdyhkng hknghg hg

klgs klgsdp dp

dbp dbpht

blmd blmd`g `gyh yh

klg lgsd sdp p

cn cngi giih ih

uth thb bh

mh mhph phtt

mn mnht hths hs,,

Lrdb Lrdb„s „s

mn mnhp hp`n `nkh khsn snkh khg g

mh mh`h `hb b

 pd`hkshghhg hsuchg kdpdrhwhthg. Lrdb Lr db (5 (566 668) 8) bdgi bdginm nmdg dgtn tnon onkh khsn sn ed eded edrh rhph ph ch ch`` bdgm bdgmhs hshr hr mh mhrn rn td tdlr lrnn kdpdrhwhthg tdrkhnt kdeutuchg mhshr bhgusnh : 8). Kdeutuchg

mhshr

bhgusn snhh

edr drssnoh ohtt

edrkd` d`hhgjuthg

,mnbhgh

 pdbdguchggyh mnpdgihrucn mhrn ohktlr o hktlr mhrn mh`hb phsndg hthupug mhrn `ngikugihg. 5). Cubhg hidgay, hidgay, phsndg yhgi bdbn`nkn bdbn`nkn tngikhthg tngikhthg kdtdrihgtugi kdtdrihgtugihg hg mh`hb  pdbdguchg kdeutuchg mhshrgyh. 1). 1). Vd Vdgi gih` h`hb hbhg hg

mhg mhg

pdgi pdgidt dthc hcuh uhg g

pd pdrh rhwh whtt

mn mnpd pdr` r`uk ukhg hg

ug ugtu tuk k

en ensh sh

bdbedr bdb edrnkhg nkhg pd`hyh pd`hyhghg ghg pdbduc pdbduchg hg kdeutu kdeutuchg chg mhshr mhshr phsndg phsndg sdahrh sdahrh  prlodssnlgh`. =. ]dlrn ]dlrn Kdeutu Kdeutuch chg g Mhshr Mhshr Bhgus Bhgusnh nh Bdgur Bdgurut ut O`lrd O`lrdgad gad Gnictn Gnictngi` gi`dd  sdwhktu

bd Klgsdp Gnictngih`d Gnictngih`d bdgdbphtkhg bdgdbphtkhg `ngikugihg `ngikugihg sdehihn sdehihn olkus hsuchg kdpdrhwhthg mhg pdrchtnhg mn bhgh pdrhwht tnmhk pdr`u bdbhchbn sd`uruc  prlsds pdgyhknt bdruphkhg uphyh hwh` ugtuk bdbnshckhg hgthrh prlodsn kdpdrhwhthg mhg kdmlktdrhg. Gnictngih`d tnmhk bdbhgmhgi pdrhwht sdahrh sdbpnt yhgi chgyh sneuk mdgihg bhsh`hc pdbedrnhg leht mhg pdgilehthg, tdth tdthpn pn `den `denc c edrl edrlrn rndg dgth thsn sn phmh phmh pdbe pdbedr drnh nhg g um umhr hrh, h, `h `hbp bpu, u, kd kdgy gyhb hbhg hghg hg `ngikugihg, kdedrsnchg, kdtdghgihg mhg gutrnsn yhgi hmdkuht ( Gnictngih`d, 83?6; ]lrrds, 8>3? ). Bd`h`un lesdrvhsn mhg pdgiubpu`hg mhth, Gnictngih`d bdgicueugikhg hgthrh sthtus kdsdchthg k`ndg mdgihg ohktlr `ngikugihg mhg, sdehih sde hihnn chsn`, chsn`, yhgi yhgi bdgnbe bdgnbeu`k u`khg hg pdrehn pdrehnkhg khg klgmns klgmnsnn cnindg cnindgdd mhg shgnth shgnthsn sn sd`hbh pdrhgi Arnbdhg(Bhctn.5689).

85

 

]dlr ]d lrnn Dgvn Dgvnrl rlgb gbdg dgth th`` Gn Gnic ictg tgih ih`d `d yh yhgi gi mn mnadt adtus uskh khg g l` l`dc dc O`lr O`lrdg dgad ad  Gnictngih`d ‐Neu mhrn kdpdrhwhthg blmdrg‒ bd`dthkkhg kdpdrhwhthg bdgjhmn sdsuhtu yhgi shkrh` ugtuk mnpdgucn l`dc sdlrhgi whgnth. ]dlrngyh mnolkuskhg  phmh `ngikugihg kdpdrhwhthg, wh`hupug wh`hupug tdbh ngn tnmhk pdrghc mnbugau`khg mn tnhp tnhp

tu`n tu`nsh shg ggy gyh, h,

nh

bd bdg gic icue ueug ugik ikhg hg

kd kdsd sdch chth thg g

mdg mdgih ihg g

]ni nihh

oh ohk ktl tlr  r 

`ngikugihggyh. 8. @ngiku @ngikugih gihg g onsnk (pcys (pcysnah` nah` dgvnr dgvnrlbd lbdgt) gt) Bdruph Bdr uphkhg khg `ngiku `ngikugih gihg g mhshr/ mhshr/h`hb h`hbnn yhgi yhgi edrcue edrcueug ugihg ihg mdgihg mdgihg vdgtn`hsn mhg umhrh. Ohktlr tdrsdeut bdbpugyhn dodk tdrchmhp `ngikugihg onsnk yhgi edrsnc yhgi sd`h`u hkhg bdbpdgihrucn phsndg mnbhghpug mnh  edrhmh mnmh`hb ruhgihg chrus edehs mhrn mdeu, hshp, ehu-ehuhg. ehu-ehuhg. ]dbpht ]db pht tnmur tnmur phsndg phsndg chrus chrus edrsnc edrsnc,, ruhgih ruhgihg g chgiht chgiht,, umhrh umhrh edrsnc edrsnc,, tnmhk `dbehe, edehs mhrn ehu-ehuhg. @ngikugihg mneuht sdmdbnknhg ruph sdcngiih bdbumhckhg pdrhwhthg ehnk ehin lrhgi `hng bhupug mnrngyh sdgmn sdg mnrn rn.. @uhs, @uhs, tngi tngiin in pd pdgd gdbp bpht hthg hg td tdbp bpht ht tnmu tnmurr ch chru russ bdbe bdbedr drnk nkhg hg bdbedrnkhg bdbed rnkhg kd`d`uhshhg phsndg ugtu ugtuk k edrhktnonths. edrhktnonths. ]dbpht tnmur chrus bdgmhp bdg mhphtk htkhg hg pdgdrh pdgdrhgih gihg g yhgi yhgi aukup, aukup, jhuc jhuc mhrn mhrn kdensng kdensngihg ihg mhg ehu `nbehc. `nbeh c. Vlsnns Vlsnns phsndg mntdbpht mntdbpht tnmur chrus mnhtur sdmdbnknhg sdmdbnknhg ruph suphyh bdgmhpht vdgtn`hsn (Bhctn.5689).. 5. @ngikugi @ngikugihg hg psnkl`lin psnkl`lin (psyacl`li (psyacl`linn dgvnrlbdgt dgvnrlbdgt)) O`lrdg O`l rdgad ad Gnictn Gnictngih gih`d `d bd`nch bd`nchtt ehcwh ehcwh klgmns klgmnsnn `ngiku `ngikugih gihg g yhgi yhgi gdihtno mhpht bdgydehekhg strdss osnnk mhg edrpdgihruc euruk tdrchmhp dbls db lsnn ph phsnd sndg. g. L`dc L`dc kh khrd rdgh gh ntu ntu mn mntd tdkh khgk gkhg hg kd kdph phmh mh ph phsn sndg dg bdgj bdgjhi hihh rhgishgihg onsnkgyh. Bdgmhphtkhg snghr bhthchrn, bhkhghg yhgi bdghrnk  mhg hktnvnths bhguh` mhpht bdrhgishghi sdbuh ohktlr ugtuk bdbehgtu  phsndg mh`hb bdbpdrthchgkhg dblsngyh. Klbu Kl bugn gnkh khsn sn md mdgi gihg hg p[ p[hsn hsndg dg mn mnph phgm gmhg hgi i mh mh`hb `hb suht suhtu u kl klgt gtdk dkss `ngik `ng ikugi ugihg hg sdahrh sdahrh bdgyd` bdgyd`uru uruc, c, kl klbug bugnkh nkhsn sn jhgihg jhgihg mn`hku mn`hkukhg khg sdahrh sdahrh tdre tdreur uruu-eu euru ru hthu hthu tdrp tdrput utus us-p -put utus us.. Klbu Klbugn gnkh khsn sn td tdgt gthg hgi i ph phsnd sndg g yh yhgi gi mn`hku mn` hkukhg khg mlktdr mlktdr mhg kd`uhr kd`uhrihg ihgyh yh sdehnk sdehnkgyh gyh mn`hku mn`hkukhg khg mn`ngi mn`ngikug kugihg ihg  phsndg mhg kurhgi ehnk en`h mn`hkukhg mn`uhr `ngikugihg phsndg hthu jhuc mhrn pdgmdgihrhg phsndg. ]nmhk el`dc bdbedrnkhg chrhphg yhgi tdr`h`u

81

 

bu`uk, bdghsdchtn yhgi edr`denchg tdgthgi klgmnsn pdgyhkntgyh. Qd`hng ntu bdbenahrkhg klgmnsn-klgmnsn `ngikugigh mnbhgh mnh edrhmh hthu adrnth ch ch`-c `-ch` h` yh yhgi gi bdgy bdgydg dghg hgik ikhg hg mh mhg g ph phrh rh pd pdgi giug ugju jugi gi yh yhgi gi eh ehnk nk mh mhph phtt bdbedrnkhg rhsh gyhbhg(Bhctn.5689). 1. @ngiku @ngikugih gihg g slsnh` slsnh` (slanh` (slanh` dgvnr dgvnrlgb lgbdgt dgt)) Lesdrvhsn mhrn `ngikugihg slsnh` tdruthbh cuceugihg yhgi spdsnonk, kubpu`hg mhth-mhth yhgi spdsnonk mncueugikhg mdgihg kdhmhhg pdgyhknt, shg shgiht iht

pdg dgtn tng gi

ug ugtu tuk k

sdtn sdtnhp hp pdrh pdrhwh whtt chru chruss

pdg dgad adih ihc chg

bdgi bdgiiu iugh ghkh khg g

pdg dgy yhk hknt nt.. kd kdbh bhbp bpuh uhg g

Mdgi Mdgihg hg

mdbn mdbnk knh nhg g

le lesd sdrv rvhs hsnn

mh mh`h `hb b

cueugihg mdgihg khsus-khsus sdahrh spdsnonk `denc mhrn sdkdmhr mhth-mhth yhgi mntugjukkhg phsndg phmh ububgyh. Qd Qdpd pdrt rtnn

juih juih cueu cueugi gihg hg klbu klbugn gntn tn mdgi mdgihg hg `ngi `ngiku kugi gihg hg sl slsn snh` h`

muihhg mui hhggyh gyh sd`h`u sd`h`u mnenah mnenahrhk rhkhg hg mh`hb mh`hb cueugi cueugigh gh ngmnvn ngmnvnmu mu phndg phndg yhntu yhntu `ngikugihg `ngik ugihg phsndg sdahrh bdgyd`uruc bdgyd`uruc tnmhk chgyh chgyh bd`nputn bd`nputn `ngikugihg `ngikugihg rubhc hthu `ngikugihg rubhc shknt tdthpn juih kdsd`uruchg klbugnths yhgi edrpdgihruc tdrchmhp `ngikugihg sdahrh kcusus(Bhctn.5689).. Mh`hb

bdbeuht

tdlrn

kdpdrhwhthg

O`lrdg dgaad

Gnictngih`d

bdgntnkedrh bdgnt nkedrhtkhg tkhg kdkcusushg kdkcusushg phmh ch`-ch` ch`-ch` mnehwhc mnehwhc ngn sdehihn sdehihn phgmhgihg phgmhgihg (phrhmnibh) mhshr sdcngiih tdranpth ‐]DLUN DG_NULGBDG]‒ hthu yhgi  enhsh knth kdgh` mdgihg tdlrn @ngikugihg. @ngikugihg. 8). Ngmnvn Ngmnvnmu mu / b bhgu hgusnh snh Bdbn Bd bn`n `nkn kn

kdbh kdbhbp bpuh uhg g

edsh edshrr

ugtu ugtuk k

pd pdre rehn hnkh khg g

kl klgm gmns nsng ngyh yh

mh mh`h `hb b

bdgichmhpn pdgyhknt 5). 5). Kdpd Kdpdrh rhwh whth thg g Edrrtujuhg Edrrtu juhg bdbehwh / bdgihgthr bdgihgthr ngmnvnmu phmh klgmnsn klgmnsn tdrehnk ugtuk  mhpht mhp ht bd`hku bd`hkukhg khg kdinht kdinhthg hg bd`h`un bd`h`un uphyh uphyh mhshr mhshr ugtuk ugtuk bdbpdg bdbpdgihr ihrucn ucn `ngikugihg. 1). 1). Qdch Qdchtt / shk shknt nt Olkus phmh pdrehnkhg ugtuk sdcht. =). =). Bhsy Bhsyhrh hrhkh khht ht

8=

 

Bd`n Bd `neh ehtk tkhg hg kl klgm gmnsn nsn dk dkst stdrg drgh` h` yh yhgi gi bdbp bdbpdg dgih ihru rucn cn kd kdcn cnmu muph phg g mh mhg g  pdrkdbehgihg ngmnvnmu, olkus phmh vdgtn`hsn, sucuu, ehu, suhrh mhg ahchyh(Bhctn.5689). Vrlsds Kdpdrhwhthg Bdgurut O`lrdgad Gnictngih`d

Vrls lsds ds kd kdpd pdrh rhwh whthg thg sda sdahr hrhh ub ubub ub mn mnhr hrtn tnkh khg g sde sdehi hihn hn pd pdgm gmdk dkht hthg hg mh mh`h `hb b Vr  pdbdahchg bhsh`hc yhgi snstdbhtns ugtuk bdbedrnkhg hsuchg kdpdrhwhthg tdrchm tdr chmhp hp sdt sdtnhp nhp lrh lrhgi. gi. Mh` Mh`hb hb prl prlsds sds kdp kdpdrhw drhwhth hthg, g, hmh `nb `nbhh thc thchg hg mnb mnbhgh hgh thchp-thchp tdrsdeut tnmhk mhpht mnpnshckhg mhg sh`ngi edrcueugihg. ]hchpthchp ngn sdahrh edrshbh-shbh bdbedgtuk `ngikhrhg pdbnknrhg mhg tngmhkhg yhgi klgtngu, yhgi bdgiu`hgin kdbeh`n klgthk mdgihg phsndg(Bhctn.5689). phsndg(Bhctn.5689). 8). Vdgikhjnhg Vdgikhjnhg / pdgiubpu` pdgiubpu`hg hg mhth mhth Mhth Mh th pd pdgi gikh khjn jnhg hg O`lr O`lrdg dgad ad G. `den `denc c bdgn bdgntn tnk k ed edrh rhtk tkhg hg ph phmh mh kl klgm gmnsn nsn `ngikugihg (`ngikugihg onsnk, psnkcns mhg slsnh`). 5). 5). Hgh` Hgh`ns nshh mhth mhth Mhthh mnkd`l Mht mnkd`lbpl bplkkh kkhg g edrmhsh edrmhshrkh rkhg g `ngiku `ngikugih gihg g onsnk, onsnk, slsnh` slsnh` mhg bdgth` bdgth` yhgi yhgi edrk edrkhn hnth thg g mdgi mdgihg hg klgm klgmns nsnn k` k`nd ndg g yh yhgi gi ed edrc rcue ueug ugih ihg g md mdgi gihg hg `ngikugihg kdsd`uruchg. 1). 1). Bhsh Bhsh`h `hc c Mnolkuskhg phmh cueugihg ngmnvnmu mdgihg `ngikugihg bnsh`gyh : h. Kurhgigyh Kurhgigyh ngolrbhsn ngolrbhsn tdgthgi tdgthgi kdedrsnc kdedrsnchg hg `ngikugihg `ngikugihg  e. _dgtn`hsn a. Vd Vdbe beuh uhgi gihg hg sh shbp bphc hc m. Vdga Vdgadb dbhr hrhg hg `ngi `ngiku kugi gihg hg d. Klbu Klbugn gnkh khsn sn sl slsn snh`, h`, m`` m`` =). Mnhigl Mnhiglsh sh kdpdrhwh kdpdrhwhthg thg Edrehihn bhs`hc k`ndg yhgi edrcueugihg mdgihg `ngikugihg hgthrh `hng : h. Ohktlr Ohktlr `ngikugi `ngikugihg hg yhgi yhgi edrpdgi edrpdgihruc hruc tdrchmh tdrchmhp p dodktnvnt dodktnvnths hs hsuchg. hsuchg.  e. Vdgydsuhnhg tdrchmhp `ngikugihg. a. Vdgihruc Vdgihruc strdsslr strdsslr `ngiku `ngikugihg gihg tdrchmhp tdrchmhp dodktnv dodktnvnths nths hsuchg. hsuchg. 4). 4). Ng Ngp` p`db dbdg dgths thsnn

84

 

Tphyh mhshr bdruehc / bdbpdgihrucn `ngikugihg yhgi bdbugikngkhg tdranpthgyh klgmnsn `ngikugihg yhgi ehnk yhgi bdbpdgihrucn kdcnmuphg,  pdrrtubeuchg mhg pdrkdbehgihg ngmnvnmu. ngmnvnmu. ?). ?). Dvh` Dvh`uh uhsn sn 9). 9). Bdgi Bdgile lesdr sdrvh vhsn sn mh mhbp bphk hk pd pdru rueh ehch chg g `ngi `ngiku kugi gihg hg td tdrc rchm hmhp hp kd kdsd sdch chth thg g ngmnvnmu. 4. ]dlrn ]dlrn Kdeutuch Kdeutuchg g Mhshr Mhshr Bhgusnh Bhgusnh Bdgur Bdgurut ut Bhrtch Bhrtch D Ulidr Ulidrss

Mhshr tdlrn Ulidrs hmh`hc n`bu tdgthgi hsh` usu` bhgusnh mhg h`hb sdbdsth sdb dsth sdpdrt sdpdrtnn hgtrlp hgtrlpl`l l`lin, in, slsnl` slsnl`lin lin,, hihbh, hihbh, on`lsl on`lslon, on, pdrkdb pdrkdbehg ehgihg ihg sdjhrhc sdjh rhc mhg bntl`lin bntl`lin.. ]dlrn ]dlrn Ulidrs Ulidrs edrolk edrolkus us phmh prlsds prlsds

kdcnmu kdcnmuphg phg

bhgusnh sdahrh utuc. N`bu kdpdrhwhthg hmh`hc n`bu yhgi bdbpd`hjhrn bhgusnh, h`hb mhg pdrkdbehgihg bhgusnh sdahrh `hgisugi. Edrmhshrkhg  phmh kdrhgikh klgsdp yhgi mnkdbehgikhg l`dc Ulidrs (8>96) hmh `nbh mhshr hsubsn tdgthgi bhgusnh, yhntu: 8. Bhgusnh hmh`hc shtu kdshtuhg

 prlsds ngtdirnths ngmnvnmu mhg bdwujumkhg khrhktdrnstnk yhgi `denc mhg pdredmhhg mhrn jub`hc ehinhg-ehinhggyh. Bhgusnh kd`nchthg sdpdrtn  ehinhg tdrkdan` mhg bdgicn`hgi `dgyhp mhrn phgmhgihg. Khrdgh kdshtuhg kds htuhg ngn bdgichsn`khg vhrnhed` mhg sdahrh klgsthg bdgiuehc pl`h ngn. Ngmnvnmu mhg `ngikugihg tdrus bdgih`hbn pdruehchg bhtdrn mhg dgdrin. Edrhsubsn ehcwh ngmnvnmu mhg `ngikugihg sh`ngi tukhr-bdgukhr dgdrin mhg bhtdrnh` shtu shbh `hng. Ededrhph ngmnvnmu bdgmdodgnsnkhg `ngikugihg sdehihn ohktlr dkstdrgh` phmh sdlrhgi ngmnvnmu mhg bdruphkhg shtu kdshtuhg yhgi utuc mhrn sdbuh ch` (Qdptnhgh,568>) 5. Bdbpdrahyhn ehcwh prlsds cnmup bhgusnh tnmhk mhpht mnu`hgi mhg tnmhk 

mhpht mnprdmnksn sdphgjhgi ruhgi mhg whktu. Ngmnvnmu tnmhk pdrghc mhpht bugmur hthu jhmn`hc sdsuhtu nh hthu mnh sded`ubgyh. Ehcwh prlsds kdcnmuphg bhgusnh bdruphkhg ch` yhgi tdthp mhg sh`ngi edrihgtugi mh`hb shtu kdshtuhg ruhgi whktu sdahrh tdrus bdgdrus. Hknehtgyh sdlrhgi ngmnvnmu tnmhk hkhg pdrghc kdbeh`n hthu bdgjhmn sdpdrtn yhgi mnchrhpkhg sdbu`h. (Qdptnhgh,568>) 1. Vdrn`hku phmh ngmnvnmu bdruphkhg suhtu edgtuk kdshtuhg yhgi nglvhtno.

8?

 

Bdginmdgtnonkhsn pl`h bhgusnh mhg bdgadrbngkhg kdutuchg yi nglvhtno, pl`h td`hmhg ngn bdbpdrtnbehgikhg pdgihturhg mnrn, rntbd, mhg tdlrn pdgihruc dgdrin. Bdrdkh bdbedrn kdshtuhg kdhgdkhrhihbhg mhg bdgadrbngkhg suhtu h`hb sdbdsth yhgi krdhtno mhg mnghbns. (Qdptnhgh,568>) =. Ngmnvnmu mnanrnkhg l`dc khphsnths hestrhksn mhg antrh, ehchsh mhg edrpnknr,

sdgshsn mhg dblsn. Chgyh bhgusnh yhgi bhbpu ugtuk edronknr bdgjhmn snhph mhg kd`uhshg mhrn h`hb sdbdsth ngn. Mhrn sd`uruc sd`uruc edgtuk edgtuk kdcnmuphg mn mugnh chgyh chgyh bhgusnh bhgusnh yhgi bhbpu edronknr mhg bdgdrnbh mhg bdbpdrtnbehgikhg `uhsgyh mugnh. Edrmhshrkhg

phmh hsubsn-hsubsn tdrsdeut,

tdrmhpht =

ehthshg

uthbhyhgi mntugjukkhg l`dc Bhrtch D. Ulidr : 8. Qubedr dgdrin 5. Kdtdreukhhg 1. Vl`h-pl`h pdrn`hku =. Tkurhg-ukurhg = mnbdgsn Mnsngn tdrmhpht d`dbdg-d`dbdg yhgi sh`ngi edrcueugihg phmh ngn hmh`hc bhgusnh mhg `ngikugihggyh.Qdehihn `ngikugihggyh.Qdehihn snstdb cnmup cnmup mhg subedr dgdrin, ngmnvn ngm nvnmu mu bhbpu bhbpu bdgi bdgihbe hben` n` dgdrin dgdrin mhg mhg ngolr ngolrbhs bhsnn mhrn

`ngiku `ngikugih gihg g

mhg

bdgiiughkhg dgdrin mhg ngolrbhsn ugtuk `ngikugihg . (Qdptnhgh,568>) (Qdptnhgh,568>) Vrngsnp Clbdlmnghbnkh

Vrngsnp clbdlmnghbnkh tdrmnrn mhrn 1 pdbnshchg prngsnp, yhntu ngtdirh`, rdslghgsn mhg cd`nay (Ulidr (8>96,8>33, 8>>5)). Mdgihg klbenghsn  prngsnp clbdlmnghbnkh mhg klgsdp bhgusnh mhrn mdongnsn pdrh pdrhwht, wht, sdeuhc tdlrn bdgyhthkhg mhpht mnjhmnkhg mh`n`.Qdeuhc tdlrn yhgi tdpht bugikng bdgyhthkhg  jnkh pdrhwht bdgiiughkhg prngsnp clbdlmnghbnkh ugtuk bd`hyhgn ubht bhgusnh. (Qdptnhgh,568>)  Ngtdirh`

Vrngsnp pdrthbh hmh`hc ngtdirh`. Ehmhg bhgusnh mhg `ngikugihggyh tnmhk  mh mhph phtt mnpn mnpnshc shckh khg, g, rhgik rhgikhn hnhg hg pd pdrtu rtukh khrh rhg g pr prls lsds ds kd kdcn cnmu muph phg g td tdru russ td tdrjh rjhmn mn  pdbehchruhg ngtdrhksn hgthrh ehmhg bhgusnh mhg `ngikugihggyh. Kdmuhgyh sh`ngi sh` ngi edrngt edrngtdrh drhksn ksn yhgi yhgi klgsth klgsthg g mhg sh`ngi sh`ngi edrtuk edrtukhr hr mnbhgh mnbhgh pdbedg pdbedgtuk tukhg hg

89

 

kd kdmu muhg hgyh yh mntd mntdbp bpht htkh khg g mh mh`hb `hb whkt whktu u yh yhgi gi shbh. shbh. Bhkh Bhkh,, ng ngtdi tdirh rh`` hm hmh`h h`hc c kd`hgjuthg prlsds ngtdrhksn hgthrh bhgusnh mhg `ngikugihg. (Qdptnhgh,568>) Udslghgsn

Vrngsnp sd`hgjutgyh, rdslghgsn, edrenahrh phmh kdjhmnhg pdrtukhrhg h`hb hgthrh bhgusnh mhg enmhgi `ngikugihg.Vdrtukhrhg hmh`hc pl`h bhgusnh mhg  enmhgi

`ngikugihg

mnsdehrkhg

mhrn id`lbehgi

yhgi

edrpngmhc

mhrn

id`lbehgi id`lb ehgi yhgi `denc tngiin tngiin mhrn ordkudgsn ordkudgsn rdgmhc rdgmhc kd id`lbehgi id`lbehgi yhgi `denc pdgmdk mhrn ordkudgsn yhgi `denc tngiin. Vrlsds kdcnmuphg mh`hb ehmhg bhgu hgusnh snh

hm hmh` h`hc hc

sn snbo bol lgn mhr hrnn

rn rntb tbdd

yhg hgi i

edri edridr drhk hk mh mh`h `hb b

ordk ordkud udg gsn

tdrtdg tdr tdgtu. tu.Vdg Vdgih` ih`hbhg hbhg bhgusn bhgusnhh mn `ngiku `ngikugih gihggy ggyhh sdpdrt sdpdrtnn sdihrns sdihrns klbp`d klbp`dks ks kdshtuhg id`lbehgi rdslghgsn bdrdkh mdgihg mugnh nstnrhcht. (Qdptnhgh,568>) Cd`nay

]drhkcnr, prngsnp cd`nay sdpdgmhpht mdgihg h`hb mhg pdrtukhrhg `hgisugi phmh bhgusnh- `ngikugihg.Bhgusnh `ngikugihg.Bhgusnh mhg `ngikugihg hmh`hc mnghbns, snstdb tdreukh mh`hb pdrtukhrhg hmh`hc chk, edr`hgjut phmh pdrtukhrhg yhgi klgsthg hgthrh bhgusnh mhg enmhgi `ngikugihg. Cd`nay Cd` nay bd`npu bd`nputn tn klgsdp klgsdp pdrueh pdruehchg chg rntbns, rntbns, pdgihr pdgihruc uc dvl`us dvl`usnlg nlgdr, dr, mhg kdshtuhg kdshtu hg enmhgi enmhgi `ngikugi `ngikugihg hg cnmup bhgusnh.Hrh bhgusnh.Hrhc c pdruehchg pdruehchg yhgi tdrjhmn tdrjhmn hgthrh bhgusnh bhgusnh mhg `ngikugihg `ngikugihg tdrchmhp tdrchmhp pdgngikhtk pdgngikhtkhg hg kdrhihbhg kdrhihbhg mhg klbp`dksnths mhg rntbd yhgi tnmhk tdpht mnu`hgi. Hknehtgyh, prngsnp mhrn clbdlmyg clbd lmyghbnas hbnas

hmh`hc ahrh bd`ncht bd`ncht

bhgusnh bhgusnh

mh`hb

kdutuchg kdutuchg bdrdkh. bdrdkh.

Vdruehchg Vdrue hchg mh`hb prlsds kdcnmuphg kdcnmuphg bhgusnh bhgusnh yhgi tnmhk mhpht kdbeh`n, kdbeh`n, glgrdp glg rdpdht dhthe`d he`d,,

edrnrh edrnrhbh, bh,

mhg bdgyhj bdgyhjnkhg nkhg kdrhih kdrhihbhg bhg pl`h pl`h tubeuc tubeuc..

(Qdptnhgh,568>) ?. ]dlrn ]dlrn Kdeut Kdeutuch uchg g Mhshr Mhshr Bhgus Bhgusnh nh Bdguru Bdgurutt  Ohyd I`dgg Hemd``hc

Idlrid (5663) bdgjd`hskhg, Mr. Hemd``hc bdgmdongnsnkhg kdpdrhwhthg sdehihn  pd`hyhghg kdphmh ngmnvnmu, kd`uhrih, mhg bhsyhrhkht. Vd`hyhghg ngn sdehihn  pd`hyhghg klbprdcdgsno, yhgi bd`nputn: 8. Bdg Bdgyhm yhmhrn hrn bhsh` bhsh`hc hc kdpdr kdpdrhwh hwhthg thg phsnd phsndg. g. 5. Bdg Bdgdgt dgtukh ukhg g tngmhkhg tngmhkhg yhgi yhgi tdpht ugtuk ugtuk bdrhwht bdrhwht phsndg sdsuhn sdsuhn prngsnp prngsnp- prngsnp kdpdrhwhthg yhgi rd`dvhg.

83

 

Bdbe bedrn drnkh khg g pd pdrhw rhwht hthg hg yh yhgi gi ed edrk rkd` d`hg hgju juthg thg kd kdph phmh mh ng ngmn mnvn vnmu mu md mdgi gihg hg 1. Bd tngikht kdtdrihgtugihg tlth`. =. Bdbed Bdbedrnkhg rnkhg pdrhwhth pdrhwhthg g yhgi edr`hgj edr`hgjuthg uthg ugtuk ugtuk bdgicn` bdgicn`hgik hgikhg hg gydrn gydrn mhg kdtnmhkgyhbhghg mhg bdbedrnkhg rhsh kdhbhghg kdphmh ngmnvnmu. 4. Bdg Bdgiht ihtur ur rdg rdgahg ahghh pdr pdrhwh hwhthg thg bdgyd`u bdgyd`uruc ruc ugtuk ugtuk bdb bdbdgu dgucn cn kde kdeutu utuchg chg mhshr phsndg. ?. Bdb Bdbehg ehgtu tu ngmnvnmu ngmnvnmu ugtuk ugtuk bdg bdgyhm yhmhrn hrn kdeutuch kdeutuchg g kds kdsdch dchthg thg mnrngyh mnrngyh mhg bdgihrhckhg mh`hb bdgahphn kdsdchthgonsnk mhg psnkns. 9. Bdgih Bdgihrhckhg rhckhg pdtui pdtuihs hs kdpdrhwhth kdpdrhwhthg g mhg kd`uhri kd`uhrihh ugtuk ugtuk bdbehgtu bdbehgtu phsndg phsndg bdbdgucn kdeutuchg mhshrgyh sdgmnrn sdsuhn mdgihg kdtdrehthshggyh. 3. Bdb Bdbehg ehgtu tu ngmnvnmu ngmnvnmu ugtuk ugtuk bdgydsuh bdgydsuhnkh nkhg g mnr mnrnn mdg mdgihg ihg kdtdreh kdtdrehthsh thshg g mhg bhsh`hc psnknsgyh. >. Ed Edkd kdrj rjhs hshb hbhh md mdgi gihg hg tn tnb b kd kdsd sdch chth thg g `h `hng nggy gyhh mh mh`h `hb b bd bdrd rdga gahg hghk hkhg hg  pdgngikhth mdrjht kdsdchthg yhgi lptnbh` phmh tngikht `lkh`, mhdrhc, ghsnlgh` mhg ngtdrghsnlgh`. 86. Bd Bd`h `hk kukh khg g

dvh` dv h`uh uhsn sn

bdgn bd gngi gikh khtk tkhg hg

mhg

kdhc kd hc`n `nhg hg

pdg dgd` d`nt ntnh nhg g

mh`h mh `hb b

yhg hgi i

tngm tn gmhk hkhg hg

edrk ed rkd` d`hg hgju juth thg g

kdpd kd pdrh rhwh whth thg g

mhg mh g

ugtu ug tuk  k  ugtu ug tuk  k 

bdgidb bdg idbehg ehgikh ikhg g tng tngmhk mhkhg hg kdp kdpdrhw drhwhth hthg g yhg yhgi i ehr ehru, u, ug ugtuk tuk bdb bdbdgu dgucn cn sdbuh sdb uh

kdeu kd eutu tuch chg g

kdsd kd sdch chth thg g

bhsy bh syhrh hrhkh kht. t. Ng Ngmn mnvn vnmu mu

mdgi md gihg hg

tngi tn gikh khtt

kdtdrihgtugihg tlth`.‒ Mncn`hgikhg.  Mncn`hgikhg. (Qdptnhgh,568>) H. Klg Klgsdp sdp ]d ]dlrn lrn Hem Hemd`` d``hc hc mnkd mnkdgh` gh` Qde Qdehih hihnn 58 ]npl ]npl`li `linn

Hmhm Hm hmhp hpug ug kl klgs gsdp dp He Hemd md`` ``hc hc mn mnkd kdgh gh`` sde sdehi hihn hn 58 tn tnpl pl`l `lin in bh bhsh` sh`hc hc kdpdrhwhthg, yhntu: 8. Bdbpd Bdbpdrthchg rthchgkhg khg kdedrsnc kdedrsnchg hg mhg kdgy kdgyhbhghg hbhghg onsnk yhgi ehnk. 5. Bdbpd Bdbpdrthchg rthchgkhg khg hktnvnths hktnvnths,, `htnchg `htnchg onsnk, onsnk, mhg tnmur yhgi yhgi lptnbh`. lptnbh`. 1. Bdg Bdgadi adihc hc tdrjhmng tdrjhmngyh yh kdad`hkhh kdad`hkhhg, g, admdrh, admdrh, hth hthu u trhubh `hng mhg bdgadih bdgadihc c bd`uhsgyh ngodksn. =. Bd Bdbp bpdr drth thch chgk gkhg hg bd bdkh khgn gnkh kh tu tueu euc c yh yhgi gi eh ehnk nk sd sdrt rthh bd bdga gadi dihc hc mh mhg g bdbpdrehnkn mdolrbnths. 4. Bdbohsn Bdbohsn`nthsn `nthsn bhsuk bhsukkhg khg lksni lksnidg dg kdsd`ur kdsd`uruc uc sd` tueuc tueuc.. ?.

Bdbpdrthchg Bdbpd rthchgkhg khg gutrn gutrnsn sn ugtuk ugtuk sd`uru sd`uruc c sd` sd` tueuc tueuc..

9. Bd Bdbp bpdrt drthc hchg hgkh khg g d`nbn d`nbngh ghsn sn

8>

 

Bdbpdrthchg rthchgkhg khg kdsdnb kdsdnbehgih ehgihg g ahnrhg ahnrhg mhg d`dktr d`dktrl`nt. l`nt. 3. Bdbpd >. Bd Bdgi gidg dgh` h`nn rds rdspl plgg-rds rdspl plg g ons onsnl nl`l `lin inss tu tueu euc c tdr tdrch chmh mhp p kl klgm gmns nsnn pd pdgy gyhk hknt nt  phtl`lins, onsnl`lins, mhg klbpdgshsn. 86. Bdbpdrthchgkhg bdkhgnsbd bdkhgnsbd mhg ougisn rdiu`hsn. rdiu`hsn. 88. Bdbpd Bdbpdrthchg rthchgkhg khg ougisn sdgslrnk. 85. Bdgin Bdginmdgtn mdgtnonkhsn onkhsn mhg bdgdrnbh dksprdsn, pdrhshhg, pdrhshhg, mhg rdhksn plsntno mhg gdihtno. 81. Bdgin Bdginmdgtn mdgtnonkhsn onkhsn mhg bdgdrn bdgdrnbh bh hmhgy hmhgyhh cueu cueugihg gihg tnbeh`d eh`nk hgthrh dblsn mhg pdgyhknt lrihgna. 8=. Bdbpdrthchgkhg klbugnkhsn klbugnkhsn vdreh` mhg glg vdreh`. 84. Bdbohsn`nthsn pdrkdbehgihg cueugihg cueugihg ngtdrpdrslgh` yhgi yhgi prlmuk  8?. Bdbohsn`nthsn pdgahphnhg tujuhg spnrntuh` pdrslgh` yhgi prlirdsno. prlirdsno. 89. Bdgichsn`khgmhg hthu bdbpdrthchgkhg `ngikugihg `ngikugihg yhgi tdrhpdutnk. 83. Bdbohsn Bdbohsn`nthsn `nthsn kdshmhrhghkhg kdshmhrhghkhg mnrn sdgmnr sdgmnrnn sdehih sdehihnn ngmnv ngmnvnmu nmu yhgi bdbn`nkn kdeutuchg onsnk, dblsn, mhg pdrkdbehgihg yhgi edredmh. 8>.. Bd 8> Bdgd gdrn rnbh bh tu tuju juhg hg lp lptn tnbh bh`` yh yhgi gi mh mhph phtt mn mnah ahph phnn sdc sdcue ueug ugih ihg g md mdgi gihg hg kdtdrehthshg onsnk mhg dblsnlgh`. 56. Bdgiiugh Bdgiiughkhg khg sub subedr edr-sub -subedr edr mn klb klbugn ugnths ths sde sdehih hihnn sub subedr edr ehg ehgtuh tuhg g mh`hb bdgihthsn bhsh`hc yhgi bugau` hkneht mhrnpdgyhknt. 58.. Bd 58 Bdbh bhch chbn bn pd pdrh rhg g mh mhrn rn bh bhsh` sh`hc hc sl slsnh snh`` sde sdehi hihn hn oh ohkt ktlr lr-oh -ohkt ktlr lr yh yhgi gi bdbpdgihrucn mh`hb bugau`gyh suhtu pdgyhknt. E.

Klgsdp Klgs dp ]dlrn ]dlrn Kdpdrh Kdpdrhwhth whthg g Hemd``hc Hemd``hc Mh`hb ]lbd ]lbdy y mhg H``ni H``nillm llm (566?) (566?)

Hmhpug tnih tdlrn kdpdrhwhthg Hemd``hc mh`hb ]lbdy mhg H``nillm (566?), yhntu: 8.

Kdpdrhwhthg

Kdpdrh Kdp drhwht whthg hg hmh hmh`hc `hc suht suhtu u pd` pd`hyh hyhghg ghg kdp kdphmh hmh ngm ngmnvn nvnmu, mu, kd` kd`uhr uhrih, ih, mhg bhsyhrhkht. bhsyhr hkht. Vdrhwhthg Vdrhwhthg mnmhshrkhg phmh sdgn mhg n`bu pdgidthcuhg pdgidthcuhg yhgi bdgy bd gynh nhpk pkhg hg

pdrh pd rhwh whtt

mdgi md gihg hg

snkh sn khp, p,

klbp kl bpdt dtdg dgsn sn

ngtd ng td`d `dkt ktuh uh`, `,

mhg mh g

kdtdrhbpn`hg tdkgns yhgi snhp bdbehgtu lrhgi shknt bhupug sdcht ugtuk  bdbdgucn kdeutuchggyh mdgihg pdguc kdnginghg mhg kdbhbpuhg. 5.

Bhsh`hc Kdpdrhwhthg

56

 

Hemd``hc bdgmnongnsnkhg bhsh`hc kdpdrhwhthg mh`hb tnih klgsdp, yhntu kdeutuchg slsnl`lins, `lins, mhg dblsn dblsnlgh`; lgh`; jdgns cueu cueugihg gihg kdeutuchg phsndg sdahrh onsnk, slsnl ngtdrpdrslgh` hgthrh pdrhwht mhg phsndg; ugsur ubub pdrhwhthg phsndg. 1.

Vdbdahchg Bhsh`hc

Vdbdahchg Vdbdah chg bhsh`h bhsh`hc c kdpdr kdpdrhwhthg hwhthg bdrup bdruphkhg hkhg prlsds bdgi bdginmdgt nmdgtnonkhsn nonkhsn,, bdgingtdrprdthsnkhg, bdgihgh`nsh, mhg bdbn`nc tngmhkhg yhgi tdpht ugtuk  bdgyd`dshnkhg bhsh`hc. Qh`hc shtu prlsds ngn hmh`hc bdgdgtukhg mnhiglsh kdpdrhwhthg. A. Vhrh Vhrhmnibh mnibh Kdpd Kdpdrhwh rhwhthg thg Edrm Edrmhshr hshr ]dlr ]dlrnn Hemd` Hemd``hc `hc

]lbd ]l bdy y hg hgm m H` H``n `nil illm lm (5 (566 66?) ?) bd bdbe behc hchs hs hs hsub ubsn sn ut uthb hbhh td tdlr lrnn He Hemd md`` ``hc hc sdehihnedrnkut: 8. Kd Kdpd pdrh rhwh whth thg g Kdpdrh Kdp drhwht whthg hg hmh hmh`hc `hc prl prlodsn odsn pd` pd`hyh hyhghg ghg ugt ugtuk uk bdb bdbehg ehgtu tu ngm ngmnvn nvnmu mu hth hthu u bdbedrnkhg ngolrbhsn ugtuk bdbdgucn kdeutuchg mhshr, bdgngikhtkhg hthu ht hu bd bdbu bu`n `nck ckhg hg kd kdbh bhgm gmnrn nrnhg hg ht hthu hu bd bdgi giur urhg hgin in kd kdah ahaht ahthg hg md mdgi gihg hg bdgi bd giiu iugh ghkh khg g

strh st rhtd tdin in

kdpd kd pdrh rhwh whth thg g

yhgi yh gi

bdru bd ruph phkh khg g

suht su htu u

ahrh ah rh

 edrmhshrkhg pl`h pdbdahchg bhsh`hc. 5. Ng Ngmn mnvn vnmu mu Ngmnvnmu Ngmnv nmu bdrup bdruphkhg hkhg sdsdlrhg sdsdlrhgi i yhgi bdbpugyhn bdbpugyhn kdeu kdeutuchg tuchg mhshr onsnk, dbls db lsn, n, mh mhg g sl slsnh snh`. `. Kd Kdbh bhgm gmnr nrnh nhg g mh mhg g kd kdshm shmhrh hrhg g mn mnrn rn ng ngmn mnvn vnmu mu ug ugtu tuk  k  bdbdgucn kdeutuchggyh bdruphkhg olkus mhrn tdlrn Hemd``hc. 1. Kd Kdsdc sdcht hthg hg Vhmh pdgmdkhthg kdpdrhwhthg edrpusht phmh phsndg, kdsdchthg bdruphkhg kdhmhhg mnbhgh tdrpdgucngyh sdbuh kdeutuchg mhshr mhg tnmhk hmhgyh kdahahthg. =. @n @ngi giku kugi gihg hg @ngikugihg yhgi mnbhksum mnsngn bdruphkhg bdbeuht hthu bdgydmnhkhg `ngik `ng ikugi ugihg hg tdr tdrhpd hpdutn utnk. k. ^hg ^hgi i tdr tdrbhs bhsuk uk `ng `ngiku ikugih gihg g hmh hmh`hc `hc rub rubhc hc mhg klbugnths mnbhgh phsndg edrhsh`. 9. ]dlrn Kdeutuchg Mhshr Bhgusnh Bdgurut  Bdgurut   Jclgslg H. Klgsdp Tthbh ]dlrn Mlrtcy D. Jlcgslg Jlcgslg

58

 

Mlrtcy tcy D. Jlc Jlcgsl gslg g bdy bdyhkn hkngn gn ehc ehcwh wh hsu hsuchg chg kdp kdpdrhw drhwhth hthg g mn` mn`hku hkukhg khg Mlr ugtuk bdbehgtu ngmnvnmu bdbohsn`nthsn tngikhc `hku yhgi dodktno mhg donsndg ugtuk bdgadihc tnbeu`gyh pdgyhknt. Bhgusnh hmh`hc bhkc`uk yhgi utuc mhg tdrm td rmnr nrnn mh mhrn rn 5 sn snst stdb db yh yhnt ntu u sn snst stdb db en enl` l`li linn mh mhg g tn tngi gikh khc c `h `hku ku td tdrt rtdg dgtu tu.. @ngikugihg tdrbhsuk bhsyhrhkht hmh`hc snstdb dkstdrgh` yhgi edrpdgihruc tdrchmhp pdrn`hku sdsdlrhgi. Qdsdlrhgi mnhkhthg sdcht jnkh bhbpu edrdsplg hmhptno hmhpt no ehnk onsnk, bdgth`, dblsn mhg slsnh` tdrjhmhp `ngikughig `ngikughig ngtdrgh` mhg dkstdrgh` mdgihg chrhphg mhpht bdbd`nchrh kdsdchthggyh. Bdgurut Jlcgslg hmh = tujuhg hsuchg kdpdrhwhthg kdphmh ngmnvnmu, yhntu hihr tngikhc `hkugyh sdsuhn mdgihg tugtuthg mhg chrhphg bhsyhrhkht, bhbpu edrhmhpthsn tdrchmhp  pdruehchg ougisn tueucgyh, edrbhgohht ehin mnrngyh mhg lrhgi `hng hthu  prlmuktno sdrth bhbpu bdgihthsn bhsh`hc kdsdchthg yhgi `hnggyh. Mdgihg bdbhkhn mdongnsn snstdb l`dc rhplplrt thcug 8>?3, Jlcgslg bdgyhthkhg bdgy hthkhg , systdb bdruphkhg bdruphkhg kdsd`u kdsd`uruchg ruchg yhgi edrou edrougisn gisn edrmh edrmhshrkhg shrkhg hths kdtdrihgtugihg hgthr ehinhg-ehinhggyh. Jlcgslg bdgdrnbh pdrgyhthhg acng yhkgn tdmhpht ‐lrihgnshsn, ngtdrhksn, ngtdrpdmdgsn mhg ngtdirhsn ehinhg mhg mh g

d`db d` dbdg dg-d -d`d `dbd bdg‒ g‒..

Mnsh Mn shbp bpng ngi i

ntu nt u

,

bhgu bh gusn snhh

edru ed rush shch ch

bdgj bd gjhi hihh

kdsdnbehgi kdsdnb ehgihg hg mh`hb ehinhg-ehinhg ehinhg-ehinhg ngn bd`h`u bd`h`unn pdgih pdgihturhg turhg mhg hmhph hmhphthsn thsn tdrchmhp kdkuhthg yhgi bdgidghn bdrdkh. E. Qystdb Vdrn`hku Vdrn`hku (Edchvnlrh` (Edchvnlrh` Qystdb).

Qnstdb Qns tdb pdr pdrn`h n`hku ku bdg bdgahk ahkup up pl` pl`h, h, pdr pdru`h u`hgih gihg g mhg ahrh ahrh-ahr -ahrhh edr edrsnk snkhp hp mdgihg mdg ihg bhk bhksum sum tdrt tdrtdgt dgtu. u. Ahr Ahrh-ah h-ahrh rh edr edrsnk snkhp hp ngn bdb bdbedg edgtuk tuk ugn ugntt oug ougisn isn tdrlrhihgnsh tdrlrh ihgnshsn sn mhg tdrngtdirhsn yhgi bdgdg bdgdgtukhg tukhg mhg bdbe bdbehthsn hthsn ngtdr ngtdrhksn hksn hgthrh sdsdlrhgi mdgihg `ngikugihgyh mhg bdganpthkhg cueugihg sdsdlrhgi mdgihg leydk, pdrnstnwh mhg sntuhsn mdgihg `ngikugihgyh. Enhshgyh snkhp mhpht mnihbehrkhg mhg mnjd`hskhg. Bhgusnh sdehihn systdb pdrn`hku edrushch ugtuk bdgahphn sthen`nths mhg kdsdnbehgihg mdgihg pdgihturhg mhg hmhpthsn yhgi edrchsn` phmh ededrhph tngikhthg ugtuk donsndgsn mhg dodktnonths suhtu ougisn oug isn.. Qns Qnstdb tdb enh enhshgy shgyhh auk aukup up o`dk o`dksne sned` d` ugt ugtuk uk bdg bdgihk ihklbl lblmhsn mhsn pdg pdgihr ihruc uc yhgi mnhknehtkhg. A. Ques Quesnstd nstdb b

55

 

Khrdgh dgh edc edchvn hvnlrh lrh`` snst snstdb db bdb bdbn`nk n`nknn ehg ehgyhk yhk tui tuihs hs ugt ugtuk uk mnk mnkdrjh drjhkhg khg,, Khr  ehinhg-ehinhg systdb edruehc bdgjhmn suesnstdb-suesnstdb mdgihg tuihs tdrtdgtu. tdrtdg tu. Quhtu suesnstdb suesnstdb bdrup bdruphkhg hkhg ‐snstdb kdan` mdgihg tujuhg kcusu kcususs sdgmnrn mhg edrougisn mhpht mnjhih sdphgjhgi cueugihgyh mdgihg suesntdb `hng hthu `ngikugihg tnmhk mnihgiiu. ]ujuc suesnstdb yhgi mn nmdgtnonkhsn l`dc Jlcgslg edrsnoht tdreukh, tdrcueugi mhg sh`ngi edrkhnthg (ngtdrdh`htdm). Bltnvhsn Bltnv hsn bdgid bdgidgmh`nk gmh`nkhg hg `hgis `hgisugi ugi hktno hktnonths nths suesn suesnstdb-su stdb-suesnstd esnstdb b ngn yhgi  edruehc

sdahrh

klgtngyu

mnkhrdghkhg

kdmdwhshhg,

pdgih`hbhg

mhg

 pdbed`hjhrhg . systdb yhgi mnjd`hskhg thbphk hmh arlss-au`turh``y mhg mn klgtrl klg trl`` l`d l`dc c ohk ohktlr tlr enl enl`li `lins, ns, psn psnkl` kl`lin lin mhg sls slsnl` nl`lin lin,, tuj tujuc uc d`db d`dbdg dg yhg yhgi i mnnmdgtnonkhsn hmh`hc hoon`nhtnvd, mdpdgmdgay, ngidstnvd, d`nbnghtnvd, sdxuh`, hacndvdbdgt mhg hiirdssnvd. 8. Quesn Quesnstdb stdb Vdgahp Vdgahphnhg hnhg (Hacndvd (Hacndvdbdgt), bdgt), bdrup bdruphkhg hkhg tngikh tngikhtt pdgahphnhg pdgahphnhg  prdsthsn bd`h`un kdtrhbpn`hg yhgi krdhtno  5. Ques Quesns nstd tdb b Vd Vdrc rcue ueug ugih ihg g (h (hon on`n `nhs hsnn ),   ), pdg pdgahp ahphnh hnhg g cue cueug ugihg ihg mdg mdgihg ihg `ngikugihg yhgi hmdkuht. 1. Qu Ques esns nstd tdb b

Vdgy Vd gydr drhg hgih ihg g

(hir (h irds dsn) n),, Kl Klpn pngi gi td tdrc rchm hmhp hp hg hgah ahbh bhg g

mn

`ngikugihg. =. Qu Ques esns nstd tdb b Kd Kdtd tdri rihg hgtu tugi gihg hg (M (Mdp dpdg dgmd mdga gay) y),, sn snst stdb db pd pdrn rn`h `hku ku mh mh`h `hb b bdgihmhpthsnkhg ehgtuhg, kdmhbhnhg, kdhbhghg sdrth kdpdrahyhhg. 4. Quesn Quesnstdb stdb D`nbnghs D`nbnghsn, n, Ch`-ch` Ch`-ch` yhgi edrcue edrcueugihg ugihg mdgi mdgihg hg pdbeuhgih pdbeuhgihg g zht-zht yhgi tnmhkmneutuckhg l`dc tueuc sdahrh enl`lins. ?. Quesn Quesnstdb stdb Ngidstn, Ngidstn, Ch`-c Ch`-ch` h` yhgi edrcu edrcueugi eugihg hg mdgihg mdgihg pl`h pl`h bhkhg bhkhg 9. Quesn Quesnstdb stdb Qdksuh` Qdksuh`nths, nths, pdbdgu pdbdguchg chg kdeutuch kdeutuchg g mnangthn mnangthn mhg mhg bdgangthn bdgangthn M. Blmd` Klgsdp Mhg ]dlrn Kdpdrhwhthg Kdpdrhwhthg Jlcgslg

Blmd` klgsdp mhg tdlrn kdpdrhwhthg bdgurut Jlcgslg hmh`hc mdgihg  pdgmdkhthg systdb pdrn`hku, mnbhgh ngmnvnmu mnphgmhgi sdehihn sntdb  pdrn`hku yhgi sd`h`u nging bdgahphn kdsdnbehgihg mhg sthen`nths, ehnk mn `ngiku `ng ikugih gihg g ngt ngtdrg drgh` h` bhu bhupug pug dkst dkstdrg drgh`, h`, jui juihh bdb bdbn`nk n`nknn kdn kdngi gingh nghg g mh` mh`hb hb bdgihtur mhg bdgydsuhnkhg mhrn pdgihruc yhgi mntnbeu`khgyh. @ngikugihg tdrbhsuk bhsyhrhkht hmh`hc snstdb dkstdrgh` yhgi edrpdgihruc tdrchmhp  pdrn`hku sdsdlrhgi. Qdehihn suhtu systdb , mnmh`hbgyh tdrmhpht klbplgdg

51

 

sue systdb yhgi bdbedgtuk systdb tdrsdeut, mnhgthrhgyh klbplgdg sue systdb yhgi bdbedgtuk systdb pdrn`hku bdgurut Jlcgslg hmh`hc : 8).. Ng 8) Ngid idstn stno, o, yh yhnt ntu u ed edrc rcue ueug ugih ihg g md mdgi gihg hg eh ehih ihnb nbhg hgh, h, kh khph phg, g, ah ahrh, rh, mh mhg g  ehgyhkgyh bhkhg mhg bngub bngub sdehihn suhtu suesnstdb tngikhc `hku. 5).. Hacn 5) Hacndv dvdb dbdg dgtt, bd bdru rup phk hkhg hg ktdrhbpn`hg yhgi krdhtno. 1).. Hi 1) Hird rdsn sno  o , bdruphkhg

tng tn gik ikht ht

edgtuk

pdg dgah ahph phnh nhg g

bdkhgnsbd

prds pr dsth thsn sn

pdrthchghg

bd`h bd `h`u `unn

mnrn

hthhu ht

 pdr`ngmugihg mhg edrehihn hgahbhg yhgi hmh mn `ngikugihg. =).. D` =) D`nb nbng nghsn hsn, edrcueugihg mdgihg ehihnbhgh, khphg, ahrh, mhg ehgyhkgyh zht yhg yhgi i tnm tnmhk hk mn eut eutuc uckhg khg l`d l`dc c tue tueuc uc mnk mnkd`u d`uhrk hrkhg hg sda sdahrh hrh en` en`lin linss sdehihn suhtu suesnstdb tngikhc `hku. 4).. Qd 4) Qdks ksuh uh``, mniu  mniughkhg ghkhg mh`hb pdbdg pdbdguchg uchg kdeutuchg kdeutuchg sh`ngi bdgangthn bdgangthn mhg mnangthn. ?). Hon`nh Hon`nhsn, sn, bdr bdruph uphkhg khg edg edgtuk tuk pdbdgu pdbdguchg chg kde kdeutu utuchg chg thb thbehc ehchg hg mh` mh`hb hb bdbpdrthchgkhg `ngikugihg yhgi klgmusno mdgihg pdgydsuhnhg mh`hb kdcnmuphg slanh`, kdhbhghg, mhg kd`hgisugihg cnmup. 9). Kdtdrihgtugihg, bdrup bdruphkhg hkhg ehinh ehinhg g yhgi bdbed bdbedgtuk gtuk snstdb pdrn`h pdrn`hku ku mh`hb bdgmhphtkhg ehgtuhg, kdmhbhnhg, kdhbhghg sdrth kdpdrahyhhg. 3. ]dlrn ]dlrn Kdeutuch Kdeutuchg g Mhshr Mhshr Bhgus Bhgusnh nh Cn`mdihrm Cn`mdihrm D. Vdp`hu Vdp`hu

 

]dlrn ]dlrn yhgi yhgi mnkdbe mnkdbehgi hgikhg khg Cn`mdi Cn`mdihrm hrm D Vdp`hu Vdp`hu hmh`hc hmh`hc kdpdrh kdpdrhwht whthg hg spnklmnghbnk (Vsyaclmyghbya Gursngi). ]dlrn ngn mnpdgihrucn l`dc blmd` cueugi cue ugihg hg ngtdrp ngtdrpdsl dslgh` gh` yhgi yhgi edrsnoh edrsnohtt tdrhpdu tdrhpdutnk tnk (snign (snignona onahgt hgt tcdrhp tcdrhpdut dutna na ngtd ngtdrp rpdr drsl slgh gh``

pr prla lads dss) s)..

Cn`m Cn`mdi dihr hrm m

D.

Vd Vdp` p`hu hu

bdgm bdgmdo dodg dgns nsnk nkhg hg

td tdlr lrnn

kdpdrhwhthg psnklmnghbnkhgyh sdehihn edrnkut:  

‐Vdrhwhthg psnklmnghbnk hmh`hc kdbhbpuhg ugtuk bdbhchbn pdrn`hku sdsdlrhgi sdsdlrh gi ugtuk bdbehgtu bdbehgtu bdginmdgtno bdginmdgtnonkhsnk nkhsnkhg hg kdsu`nthg-kd kdsu`nthg-kdsu`nth su`nthg g yhgi mnrhshkhg mnrhshk hg mhg ugtuk ugtuk bdgihp`nkh bdgihp`nkhsnkhg snkhg prngsnp-prn prngsnp-prngsnp gsnp kdbhgusnhhg kdbhgusnhhg yhgi  edrcueugihg mdgihg bhsh`hc-bhsh`hc yhgi bugau` mhrn sdbuh ch` hthu kdjhmnhg yhgi td`hc mnh`hbn.‒

5=

 

 

]dlrn Cn`mdihrm Cn`mdihrm Vdp`hu Vdp`hu (8>45) (8>45) edrolkus edrolkus phmh ngmnvnmu, ngmnvnmu,pdrhwh pdrhwht, t, mhg  prlsds ngtdrhktno (Vdp`hu, 8>45) ; yhgi bdgichsn`khg cueugihg hgthrh  pdrhwht mhg k`ndg (]lrrds, 8>3? ; Bhrrngdr-]lbdy, 8>>=). 8>>=).

 

Edrmhshrkhg tdlrn ngn k`ndg hmh`hc ngmnvnmu mdgihg kdeutuchg pdrhshhg, mhg kdpd kdpdrh rhwh whth thg g

hm hmh` h`hc hc

pr prl lsd sdss

ngtd ngtdrp rpdr drsl slgh gh``

mh mhg g

td tdrh rhpd pdut utnk nk..

]uju ]ujuhg hg

kd kdpd pdrhw rhwht hthg hg hm hmh` h`hc hc ug ugtu tuk k bdgm bdgmnm nmnk nk k` k`nd ndg g mh mhg g kd kd`u `uhr hrih ih mh mhg g ug ugtu tuk  k  bdbehgtu k`ndg bdgahphn kdbhthgihg pdrkdbehgihg kdprnehmnhg (Acngg mhg Jhales, Jhales, 8>>4) 8>>4).. L`dc L`dc sdehe sdehe ntu pdrhwh pdrhwhtt edruph edruphyh yh bdgidb bdgidbehg ehgikh ikhg g cueugi cue ugihg hg hgthrh hgthrh pdrhwh pdrhwhtt mhg k`ndg, k`ndg, mnbhgh mnbhgh pdrhwh pdrhwhtt edrtui edrtuihs hs sdehih sdehihnn ghrhsubedr, klgsd`lr, mhg wh`n. Vdp`hu bdgdrentkhg Euku Ngtdrpdrslgh` Ud`htnlg ng Gursngi phmh thcug 8>45 8>4 5 Hrtnkd Hrtnkd`-hr `-hrtnk tnkd` d` mn bhjh`hc bhjh`hc-bhj -bhjh`hc h`hc prlods prlodsnlg nlgh` h` mhg tlpnk tlpnk klgsdp klgsdp-klgsdp ngtdrpdrslgh` shbphn phmh nsu-nsu kdpdrhwhthg yhgi tdrehru. Mhg sd`hgju sd`h gjutgy tgyhh Vdp`hu Vdp`hu bdgidb bdgidbehg ehgikh ikhg g tdlrn tdlrn kdpdrhw kdpdrhwhth hthg g yhgi yhgi mnkdgh mnkdgh`` mdgihg Vsyaclmyghbna Gursngi.  

Blmd` Blmd`

klgsdp klgsdp mhg tdlrn tdlrn kdpdrhw kdpdrhwhth hthg g yhgi yhgi mnjd`hs mnjd`hskhg khg l`dc l`dc Vdp`hu Vdp`hu

bdgjd`hskhg tdgthgi kdbhbpuhg mh`hb bdbhchbn mnrn sdgmnrn mhg lrhgi `hng yhgi bdgiiughkhg mhshr cueugihg hgthr bhgusnh yhgi bdgahkup = klbplgdg sdgtrh` : 8. Vhsndg 5. Vdrhwht 1. Bhsh`hc kdadbhshg yhgi tdrjhmn hkneht shknt =. Vrlsds ngtdrpdrslgh` Vdgjhehrhggyh sdehihn edrnkut: 8. Vhs hsnd ndg g Qnstdb mhrn yhgi edrkdbehgi tdrmnrn mhrn khrhktdrnstnk enlknbnh, onsnl`lins, ngtdrpdrslgh` mhg kdeutuchg sdrth sd`h`u edruphyh bdbdgucn kdeutuchggyh

54

 

mhg bdging bdgingtdi tdirhsn rhsnkhg khg ed`hjhr ed`hjhr pdgih` pdgih`hbh hbhg. g. Vhsndg Vhsndg hmh`hc hmh`hc suejdk suejdk yhgi yhgi `hgisugi mnpdgihrucn. .L`dc hmhgyh prlsds ngtdrpdrslgh`. 5. Vdrhwht Vdrhwh Vdr hwhtt edrpdr edrpdrhg hg bdgiht bdgihtur ur tujuhg tujuhg mhg prlsds prlsds ngtdrh ngtdrhksn ksn ngtdrp ngtdrpdrsl drslgh` gh` mdgihg phsndg yhgi edrsnoht phrtnsnphtno, sdmhgikhg phsndg bdgidgmh`nkhg nsn yhgi bdgjhmn tujuhg. Ch` ngn edrhrtn mh`hb cueugihggyh mdgihg phsndg,  pdrhwht edrpdrhg sdehihn bntrh kdrjh, pdgmnmnk, ghrhsubedr, pdgihsuc  pdgiihgtn,

pdbnbpng

mhg

klgsd`lr

sdsuhn

mdgihg

ohsd

prlsds

ngtdrpdrslgh`. 1. Bhsh`hc Kdadbhshg Kdadbhshg yhgi yhgi tdrjhmn hkneht hkneht shknt / Qubedr Kdsu`nthg Kdsu`nthg Hgsnd Hg sndth thss

ed edrht rht yh yhgi gi

mnsde mnsdehe hekh khg g

l` l`dc dc

kd kdsu su`n `nth thg g

bdgi bdging ngtd tdir irhsn hsnkh khg g

 pdgih`hbhg ngtdrpdrslgh` yhgi `h`u mdgihg yhgi sdkhrhgi hgsndths tdrjhmn hphen`h klbugnkhsn mdgihg lrhgi `hng bdgihgahb kdhbhghg psnkl`lin mhg enl`lin ngmnvnmu. ngmnvnmu. Mh`hb blmd` pdp`hu hgsndths bdruphkhg bdruphkhg klgsdp yhgi edrpdrhg pdgtngi khrdgh edrkhnthg `hgisugi mdgihg klgmnsn shknt. =. Vrlsds Vrlsds Ngtdrpd Ngtdrpdrsl rslgh` gh`  Ngtdrpdrslgh` yhgi mnbhksum hgthrh pdrhwht mhg phsndg ngn bdgiihbehrkhg bdtlmd trhgsplrbhsn dgdrin hthu hgsndths phsndg l`dc  pdrhwht yhgi tdrmnrn mhrn = ohsd. Vdp`hu bdginmdgtnonkhsn dbpht thchphg cueugihg ngtdrpdrslgh` yhgi sh`ngi edrkhnthg yhntu: (8) lrndgthsn, (5) nmdgtnonkhsn, (1) dksp`lnthsn, (=) rdsl`usn (pdbdahchg bhsh`hc). Qdtnhp thchp sh`ngi bd`dgikhpn mhg edrcueugihg sdehihn shtu prlsds ugtuk pdgyd`dshnhg bhsh`hc. >. ]dlrn ]dlrn Kdeut Kdeutuch uchg g Mhshr Mhshr Bhgus Bhgusnh nh Bdguru Bdgurutt  _nringnh Cdgmdrslg

 ]uihs ugnk pdrhwht hmh`hc bdbehgtu ngmnvnmu ehnk mh`hb kdhmhhg shknt bhupug sdcht bd`h`un uphyhgyh bd`hkshghkhg edrehihn hktnvnths iugh bdgmukugi kdsdchthg mhg pdgydbeuchg ngmnvnmu hthu prlsds bdgngiih` mdgihg mhbhn, yhgi mn`hkukhg sdahrh bhgmnrn l`dc ngmnvnmu shht nh bdbn`nkn kdkuhthg, kdbhbpuhg, kdbhuhg, hthu pdgidthcuhg ugtuk ntu. Chgmdrslg

5?

 

bdgidbukhkhg tdlrn tdrsdeut mnkhrdghkhg kdyhknghg mhg gn`hn yhgi mnh  pdrahyhn yhntu bhgusnh, kdpdrhwhthg, kdsdchthg, mhg `ngikugihg. `ngikugihg. Qd`hng ntu mnh juih bdgihthkhg mh`hb bdgmdongnsnkhg tdgthgi kdpdrhwhthg chrus bdbnknrkhg kdsddnbehgihg onsnl`linsgyh. Nh juih edrpdgmhpht mh`hb sumut Dpnstdbl`lin khrhktdrnstnk n`bu kdpdrhwhthg, bhgusnh hmh`hc bhkc`uk yhgi ugnk, mhg tnmhk hmh yhgi bdbn`nkn kdeutuchg mhshr yhgi shbh yhgi mh`hb  pdbdguchggyh bdbdr`ukhg ehgtuhg ehgtuhg lrhgi `hng (Kusubh, 568=).  

H. Bhgusnh

Cdgmdrslg bd`ncht bhgusnh ngmnvnmu yhgi bdgih`hbn pdrkdbehgihg rdgthgi kdcnmuphg yhgi mh`hb bdrhnc kdsdchthg, kdedehshg, mhg kdbhtnhg yhgi mhbhn bdbeutuckhg lrhgi `hng. Nh bd`ncht ehcwh pnknrhg mhg tueuc bhgusnh hmh`hc shtu klbplgdg yhgi tnmhk mhpht mnpnshckhg. L`dc sdehe ntu Nh bdbehin kdeutuchg mhshr bhgusnh ntu bdgjhmn 8= klbplgdg  pdghgihghg pdrhwhthg, mnbhgh kdeutuchg kdeutuchg mhshr bhgusnh ntu mnk`hsnonkhsnkhg bdgjhmn = khtdilrn yhntu klbplgdg kdeutuchg enl`lins,  psnkl`lins, slsnl`lins, mhg spnrntuh`. E. Kdpdrhwh Kdpdrhwhthg thg

Mh`hb bdgjh`hgkhg ougisngyh pdghgihghg kdpdrhwhthg mnmhshrn l`dc 8= kdeutuchg mhshr bhgusnh (ngmdpdgmdgad). Tgtuk bdbehgtu ngmnvnmu yhgi shknt bhupug sdcht ugtuk bdgmhphtkhg kdbeh`n pdbu`nchggyh yhgi tujuhggyh nh`hc kdedehshg. 8. Kdsdchthg Kdsdchthg Mh`hb bdgmhphtkhg bdgmhphtkhg kdsdchthg kdsdchthg bhgusnh pdr`u bdbn`nkn bdbn`nkn kdshmhrhg mhg pdgidthcuhg mh`hb bdgngikhtkhg kuh`nths cnmup `denc  ehnk yhgi bdgjhmn mhshr bhgusnh edrougisn ehin kdbhgusnhhg kdbhgusnhhg khrdgh bdgadihc `denc ehnk mhrnphmh bdgilehtn pdgyhknt. Hihr bhgusnh bdgmhphtkhg kdsdchthggyh bhkh mnpdr`ukhg kdbhgmnrnhg mhg sh`ngi kdtdrihgtugihg. 5. @ngikugihg @ngikugihg hmh`hc sh`hc shtu yhgi yhgi chrus mn mn pdrchtnkhg khrdgh `ngikugihg sdknthr hmh`hc adrbnghg pl`h kdcnmuphg bhgusnh mhg bdruphkhg ohktlr yhgi bdbn`nkn pdgihruc edshr ehin kdsdchthg. Ch`-ch` yhgi chrus mnpdrchtnkhg mh`hb `ngikugihg yhntu :

59

 

h) Bhgusnh Bhgusnh chrus chrus bhbpu bhbpu bdgjhih bdgjhih `ngikugih `ngikugihg g sdknthrgyh sdknthrgyh hihr tdthp tdthp mh`hb klgmnsn sdcht.  e) Vdrhwht mntugtut bhbpu bdgjhih phsndg mhrn admdrh bdkhgns. a) Qdehihn Qdehihn sdlrhgi sdlrhgi pdrhwht pdrhwht mntugt mntugtut ut ugtuk ugtuk bdbn`nkn bdbn`nkn pdgidth pdgidthcuhg cuhg tdgthgi kdsdchthg, kdedrsnchg, mhg kdhbhghg `ngikugihg. m) Vdrhwht Vdrhwht chrus chrus bhbpu bhbpu bdbeuht bdbeuht lesdrvhsn lesdrvhsn sdahrh sdahrh bdgyd`ur bdgyd`uruc uc tdrchmhp sdlrhgi phsndg mdgihg tdpht hihr chsn`gyh mhpht bdbehgtu mlktdr mh`hb bdbedrnkhg rdsdp. d) Mh`hb bdgjh`hgkhg bdgjh`hgkhg tuihsgyh tuihsgyh pdrhwht pdrhwht chrus bdbn`nkn bdbn`nkn kdtd`ntnhg kdtd`ntnhg hihr mhpht bdbngnbh`khg pd`uhgi tdrjhmngyh kdad`hkhhg hthu `ukh mnkhrdghkhg shrhgh klgtruksn ehgiughg mhg  pdbd`nchrhhggyh. o) Mh`hb bdgjhih bdgjhih kdsd`hb kdsd`hbhthg hthg yhgi `denc ehin sdlrhgi sdlrhgi phsndg phsndg bhkh pdrhwht chrus bdbn`nkn pdgidthcuhg tdgthgi kdenhshhg slsnh` mhg prhktnk kdhihbhhg ugtuk bdbpdrknrhkhg hmhgyh hgahbhg. (Cnmhyht, 5669) 86 86.. ]dlr ]dlrnn Kdeutuchg Mhshr Bhgusnh Bdgurut Bdgurut   Mhvnm BaA`d``hgm

]dlrn Bltnvhsn Edrprdsthsn bdgidbukhkhg ehcwh, bhgusnh phmh chknkhtgyh bdbpugyhn bdbp ugyhn kdbhbpuhg ugtuk edrprdsthsn edrprdsthsn mnhths mnhths kdbhbpuhg kdbhbpuhg lrhgi `hng. ]dlrn ]dl rn ngn bdbn`n bdbn`nkn kn sdeuhc sdeuhc phgmhg phgmhgihg ihg (hsubsn (hsubsn)) ehcwh ehcwh kdeutu kdeutuchg chg ugtuk  ugtuk   erdprdsthsn ntu hmh`hc suhtu yhgi edredmh mhg mhpht mhg mhpht mnedmhkhg mhrn kdeutuchg-kdeutuchg yhgi `hnggyh. Bdgu Bd guru rutt Ba A` A`d` d``h `hgm gm,, sdsdl sdsdlrhg rhgi i mn mnhg hgii iihb hb bdbn bdbn`n `nkn kn bltn bltnvh vhsn sn ug ugtu tuk  k   edrprdsthsn jnkh nh bdbpugyhn kdnginghg ugtuk bd`hkukhg suhtu khryh  edrprdsthsn `denc ehnk mhrn prdsths prdsthsnn khryh lrhgi `hng. Hmh tnih jdgns kdeutuchg bhgusnh bdgurut Ba A`d``hgm, yhntu kdeutuchg ugtuk edrprdsthsn, kdeutuchg ugtuk kdkuhshhg, mhg kdeutuchg ugtuk edrhon`nhsn. 8). Kdeutuchg Kdeutuchg edrprdsthsn edrprdsthsn (gddm olr olr hacndvdbdgt hacndvdbdgt hthu gHac), gHac), ^hntu Kdeutuchg hkhg prdsthsn bdruphkhg sh`hc shtu bltno slsnh` yhgi mnpd`hjhrn sdahrh bdgmdthn` mhg ch` ngn mhpht mnnkutn shbphn phmh whktu

53

 

ngn. Lrhgi yhgi bdbpugyhn kdeutuchg hthu gddm ngn hkhg bdgngikhtkhg  pdrolrbhgad, sdcngiih mdgihg mdbnknhg hkhg tdr`ncht tdgthgi pdgihkuhg  edrprdsthsnggyh. Qdpdrtn mnkdthcun ehcwh lrhgi yhgi ngtd`nidgt hkhg mdgihg mdg ihg sdghgi sdghgi chtn chtn bdgich bdgichmhp mhpnn tuihs-t tuihs-tuih uihss yhgi yhgi su`nt, su`nt, mhg ngn hkhg hkhg bdgmlrlgi g-hacndvdbdgt-gyh, mhg ngn hkhg tdrkhnt mdgihg pdrolrbhgadgyh. (Yh`intl, 5686) Yhcj Yh cjls lsub ubnm nmjl jl

(m (mh` h`hb hb

Bhkb Bhkbug ug,,

56 5681 81))

bdgi bdgiht hthk hkhg hg

lr lrhg hgi i

yh yhgi gi

bdbpugyhn bltnvhsn edrprdsthsn tngiin, sdahrh ubub bdbn`nkn anrn-anrn : h) Bdrdkh Bdrdkh bdgjhm bdgjhmnn edrsdbhg edrsdbhgiht iht sdkh`n sdkh`n hphen` hphen`hh ugiiu` ugiiu`  e) Bdgdgtukhg tujuhg sdahrh rdh`nstnk mhg bdgihben` rdsnkl yhgi mnpdrcntugikhg a) Bdrdkh bhu edrthgiiug edrthgiiugijhwhe ijhwhe sdgmnrn sdgmnrn bdgidgh bdgidghnn chsn`gyh chsn`gyh m) Bdrdkh edrtngm edrtngmhk hk sdehihn sdehihn wnrhushch, wnrhushch, bdbn`nc bdbn`nc tuihs tuihs yhgi yhgi bdghgthgi bdghgthgi,, mhg mhg bdgu bdgugj gjuk ukkh khg g pdrn pdrn`h `hku ku yh yhgi gi `d `den enc c edrn edrngn gnsn snht htno no mh mhrn rnph phmh mh kdehgyhkhg lrhgi d) Bdrd Bdrdkh kh bdgi bdgicd cdgm gmhk hknn ubph ubphg g eh eh`n `nk k kl klgk gkrn rntt yhgi yhgi ad adph phtt td tdrc rchm hmhp hp  prdsthsn bdrdkh o) Bdrd Bdrdkh kh edkdr dkdrjh jh tnmh tnmhk k tdru tdruth thbh bh ugt gtu uk bdg bdgmh mhph phtk tkhg hg uhg hgi i ht hthu hu kdkuhshhg i) Bltn Bltnvh vhsn sn yhgi yhgi pdr` pdr`u u ehin ehin bdrd bdrdkh kh : bdbe bdbedr drnk nkhg hg pd pdkd kdrj rjhh hhg g yh yhgi gi bdbeuht bdrdkh puhs; bdbedrnkhg bdrdkh ltlglbn, ubphg eh`nk  tdrc tdrchm hmhp hp su suks ksds ds mh mhg g kd kdih ihih ih`h `hg; g; ed edrnk rnkhg hg bdrdk bdrdkhh pd pd`u `uhg hgi i ug ugtu tuk  k  tubeuc; edrnkhg bdrdkh thgthgihg. 5).Kdeututuchg hkhg kdkuhshhg (gddm olr plwdr hthu gVlw), Hon` Ho n`nh nhsn sn bdgu bdgugj gjuk ukkh khg g eh ehcw cwhh sdsdl sdsdlrh rhgi gi bdbp bdbpug ugyh yhnn kd kdeu eutu tuch chg g  edrcueugihg mdgihg lrhgi `hng. Lrhgi yhgi kuht hkhg kdeutuchg kdeutuchg hon`nhsn, hk hkhg hg sd`h` sd`h`u u bdga bdgahr hrnn tdbh tdbhg, g, mh mhg g ju juih ih hk hkhg hg bdbp bdbpdr drth thch chgk gkhg hg hk hkhg hg cueug cue ugihg ihg yhgi yhgi td` td`hc hc mnengh mnengh mdgihg mdgihg lrhgi lrhgi `hng `hng tdrsde tdrsdeut. ut. Qdeh`n Qdeh`nkgy kgyhh hp hphe hen` n`hh kd kdeu eutu tuch chg g hk hkhg hg hon`n hon`nhsn hsn ng ngnn rdgmh rdgmhc, c, bhkh bhkh lr lrhg hgi i hk hkhg hg sdihg sdihg bdgahrn cueugihg mdgihg lrhgi `hng, mhg cueugihg yhgi td`hc tdrjhmn tnmhk mnengh sdahrh ehnk hihr tdthp mhpht edrthchg. (Yh`intl, 5686)

5>

 

Yhcj Yh cjls lsub ubnm nmjl jl

(m (mh` h`hb hb

Bhkb Bhkbug ug,,

56 5681 81))

bdgi bdgiht hthk hkhg hg

lr lrhg hgi i

yh yhgi gi

bdbpugyhn bltnvhsn kdkuhshhg yhgi tngiin, sdahrh ubub bdbn`nkn anrnanrn : h) Bdrubuskhg Bdrubuskhg tujuhg tujuhg ugtuk ugtuk kdpdgtngih kdpdgtngihg g kd`lbp kd`lbplk  lk   e) Bdgin`chbn kd`lbplk ugtuk bdgyd`dshnkhg slh`-slh` kdan` mdbn kdehnkhg a) bdga bdgahr hrnn ahrh ahrh yhgi yhgi ph`n ph`ngi gi yh yhgi gi ph ph`n `ngi gi eh ehnk nk ug ugtu tuk k bdga bdgahp hphn hn shshrhg mhg dvh`uhsn m) Edkdrjh Edkdrjh sdehih sdehihnn khth`n khth`nshtl shtlr  r  d) ]dihs ]dihs mhg `hgahr `hgahr edrenahr edrenahrh, h, sdrth sdghgi sdghgi bdgih bdgihjhr jhr mhg edrena edrenahrh hrh mnmdphg pue`nk  1). Kdeutuchg Kdeutuchg hkhg kdrjhshb kdrjhshbhh (gddm olr hon`nhtnlg hon`nhtnlg hthu gHoo), gHoo), Kdeutuchg hkhg kdkuhshhg tnbeu` mhg edrkdbehgi mh`hb ngtdrhksn slsnh`. Mh`hb ngtdrhksn slsnh` lrhgi hkhg bdbpugyhn kdeutuchg ugtuk   edrkuhsh (plwdr). Lrhgi yhgi bdbpugyhn plwdr gddm tngiin hkhg bdgihmhkhg klgtrl`, bdgidgmh`nkhg hthu bdbdrngthc lrhgi `hng, mhg ngn bdruphkhg sh`hc shtu ngmnkhsn hthu sh`hc shtu bhgnodsthsn mhrn plwdr gddm tdrsdeut. (Yh`intl, 5686) Yhcj Yh cjls lsub ubnm nmjl jl

(m (mh` h`hb hb

Bhkb Bhkbug ug,,

56 5681 81))

bdgi bdgiht hthk hkhg hg

lr lrhg hgi i

yh yhgi gi

bdbpugyhn bltnvhsn hon`nhsn yhgi tngiin, sdahrh ubub bdbn`nkn anrn-anrn : h) Edrsnoht Edrsnoht slsnh`, slsnh`, sukh edrngtdrhksn edrngtdrhksn,, mhg edrshbh edrshbh mdgihg mdgihg ngmnvnmu ngmnvnmu ngmnvnmu  e) Edrsnkhp bdrhsh nkut bdbn`nkn hthu edrihbeugi mh`hb kd`lbplk  kd`lbplk  a) Bdrdkh Bdrdkh bdgingi bdgingingk ngkhg hg pdrshcheh pdrshchehthg thg mhg kdpdrahy kdpdrahyhhg hhg yhgi `denc `denc  jd`hs mhg tdihs m) Bdrdkh Bdrdkh nging nging bdgmhp bdgmhphtk htkhg hg sh`ngi pdgidrtn pdgidrtnhg hg edrshbh edrshbh bdgidg bdgidghn hn hph yhgi td`hc tdrjhmn mhg hph yhgi chrus bdrdkh pdrahyh d) Qdahrh Qdahrh prnehmn prnehmn,, bdrdkh bdrdkh sd`h`u sd`h`u edrsdmnh edrsdmnh ugtuk edrklg edrklgsu` su`ths thsnn mhg su suk kh

bdgl bdgl`l `lgi gi lr lrhg hgi i

yhg hgi i

mh mh`h `hb b

kds dsuk ukhr hrhg hg mh mhg g

bdgydghgin sh`ngi hmhgyh cueugihg pdrshchehthg.

16

`d `den enc c

 

EHEN_ VDGT]TV H. Kdsnbpu`h Kdsnbpu`hg g

 Vdgidthcuhg tdgthgi kdeutuchg bhgusnh mhpht bdbehgtu pdrhwht mh`hb  edrehihn ch`.Kdeutuchg mhshr bhgusnh hmh`hc ch`-ch` sdpdrtn bhkhghg, hnr, kdhbhghg mhg angth yhgi bdruphkhg ch` yhgi pdgtngi ugtuk edrthchg cnmup mhg kdsdchthg. Cndrhrkn kdeutuchg bhgusnh bdgurut Bhs`lw hmh`hc sdeuhc tdlr tdlrnn yh yhgi gi mh mhph phtt mniu mniugh ghkh khg g pd pdrh rhwh whtt ug ugtu tuk k bdbh bdbhch chbn bn cu cueu eugi gihg hg hg hgth thrh rh kdeutuchg mhshr bhgusnh phmh shht bdbedrnkhg pdrhwhthg.  

Bhgu Bhgusnh snh sdehihn sdehihn ehinhg ehinhg ngtdirh` ngtdirh` yhgi edrngtdirhsn edrngtdirhsn shtu shbh `hnggyh `hnggyh

mh`hb bltnvhsngyh bltnvhsngyh bdbdgucn bdbdgucn kdeutuchg kdeutuchg mhshr (onsnl`lins, (onsnl`lins,kdhbhg kdhbhghg,khsn hg,khsnc c shyhgi,chrih mnrn mhg hktuh`nshsn mnrn). Qdtnhp kdeutuchg bhgusnh bdruphkhg suhtu tdihgihg ngtdirh` sdehihn hkneht mhrn pdruehchg mhrn sdtnhp klbplgdg snstdb.]dkhghg tdrsdeut mnbhgnodsthsnkhg mh`hb pdrn`hkugyh ugtuk bdbdgucn kdeutuchg hthu tujuhg shbphn tdrpdgucngyh tngikht kdpuhshg k`ndg.

18

 

Eded Ed edrhp rhphh hc hc`n `n bdgi bdgidb dbuk ukhk hkhg hg tdlr tdlrnn td tdgt gthg hgi i blmd blmd`` kd kdeu eutu tuch chg g mh mhsh shr  r  bhgusnh sdpdrtn Herhchb Bhs`lw, _nringnh Cdgmdrslg, Yhtslg, Kngi, Bhrtch D. Ulidrs, Jlcgslg, Qnstdr Ah`nsth Uly. Bhgusn Bhg usnhh mhg kdeutu kdeutuchg chggyh gyh sdghgt sdghgtnhs nhshh edrueh edruehc c mhg edrkdb edrkdbehg ehgi. i. Jnkh Jnkh sdsdlrhgi sumhc ensh bdbdgucn sh`hc shtu kdeutuchggyh, mnh hkhg bdrhsh puhs mhg hkhg hkhg bdgnkb bdgnkbhtn htn kdsdjhc kdsdjhctdrh tdrhhg hg sdrth sdrth edehs edehs ug ugtuk tuk edrkdb edrkdbehg ehgi i bdguju bdguju  pltdgsn kdeutuchg yhgi `denc edshr. Qdeh`nkgyh, jnkh prlsds pdbdguchg kdeutuchg ntu tdrihgiiu bhkh hkhg tnbeu` suhtu klgmnsn phtl`lins. E. Qhrh Qhrhg g

Qdehihn bhgusnh cdgmhkgyh knth mhpht edrngtdrhksn hthu edrcueugihg ehnk  mdgihg bhgusnh `hnggyh. Mdgihg edrngtdrhksn, sdih`h kdeutuchg bhgusnh hkhg bumh bu mhc c tdrp tdrpdg dguc ucn. n. Tgtu Tgtuk k mh mhph phtt bdbd bdbdgu gucn cn kd kdeu eutu tuch chgg ggyh yh bhgu bhgusnh snh ch chru russ bdbn`n bdb n`nkn kn pdgidt pdgidthcu hcuhg hg tdgthg tdgthgi i bhgusn bhgusnhh mhg pdbd`n pdbd`nchr chrhhg hhg hthu hthu pdrhwh pdrhwhthg thg bhgusnh. ]hgph hmhgyh n`bu pdgidthcuhg, bhgusnh tnmhk mhpht edrngtdrkhsn mhg edrslsnh`nshsn mdgihg ehnk mn bhsyhrhkht. ]hgph hmhgyh pdbd`nchrhhg hthu  pdrhwhthg mnrn, bhgusnh juih hkhg shknt mhg tnmhk mhpht bdbdgucn kdeutuchg. Bhkh mhrn ntu bhgusnh cdgmhkgyh mhpht bdgjhih kdsdchthg mhg pdgadihchg sdih`h pdgyhknt mnbhghpug mhg khphgpug. Bhgusnh juih chrus edrushch ugtuk sd`h`u mhpht bdbdgucn kdeutuchggyh yhgi edrhihb mhg mneutuckhg sdtnhp chrn ehckhg sdtnhp whktu. Qdblih mdgihg hmhgyh bhkh`hc ngn mhpht `denc bdbehgiug mhg bdbedrn sdbhgiht kdphmh bhgusnh ugtukbdbdgucn kdeutuchg msrgyh.

15

 

MHO]HU VTQ]HKH

Hgmrnhgy.Bdihc. 5669.]dlrn 5669.]dlrn Qd`o-Ahr Qd`o-Ahrdd Mdonant Lrdb mh`h mh`hb b Klgtdks Klgtdks ]ugh Ynsbh.vl` Ynsbh .vl`8:8. 8:8. Cttps://Jurg Cttps://Jurgh`.ha.n h`.ha.nm. m. Vhmh ]hgiih` ]hgiih` 84-88-565 84-88-5656: 6: Vuku` 89:66 YNE

Mdsbhwhtn,5683. ]dlrn Blmd` Klgsdptuh` Klgsdptuh` Kdpdrhwhthg Kdpdrhwhthg Onkds Tpg _dtdrhg _dtdrhg  Jhkhrth. Cnkbh.gur Cnkbh .gur 5684. 5684.  Jurgh` HQVDK Vsnkl`lin Cubhgnstnk Herhchb Bhs`lw  Gl:84 _l`. 1:8>9>-35>?. Cttps://Jurgh`.ha.nm. Vhmh ]hgiih` 8488-5656: Vuku` 88:66 YNE Nacwhg.568?. Klgsdp  Klgsdp Kdeutuchg Mhshr Bhgusnh Bdgurut Ch`edrt Mugg.  Mdphrtdbdg Vrlirhb Vrlirhb Qtumn N`bu Kdpdrhwhthg OK TGMNV. TGMNV.

11

 

Bhctn. Chnrurrnohc.5689 Klgsdp Chnrurrnohc.5689 Klgsdp Mhshr Kdpdrhwhthgtdgthgi Klgsdp Bdtlmd ]dlrn ]dl rn Kdpdrh Kdpdrhwht whthg hg O`lrdg O`lrdgad ad Gnictn Gnictngih gih`d `d.Vl`t .Vl`tdkkds dkkds Kdbdgkds Kdbdgkds Bhthrhb.

UQJCK.5688. Blmd`  Blmd` Kdpdrhwhthg Bdgurut Cn`mdihrrm Vdp`hu.Uubhc Vdp`hu.Uubhc shknt Jh Jhgg ggtu tugi gi chrh chrhph phg g TBJ. TBJ. Vh Vhmh mh th thgi giih ih`` ??-88 88-5 -565 656. 6. Vuku Vuku`` 86.66YNE

Qd Qdpt ptnh nhgh gh.@ .@nk nkhh 568> 568>.. ]dlrn dlrn Kdpdrh Kdpdrhwht whthg hg Bhrtch Bhrtch D Ulidrs. Ulidrs.Tgn Tgnvdr vdrsnth snthss  Edgiku`u.

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