Kel 1 Wisn Daily Log PKM Kalanganyar Fix

 

JGJIMSJ OBOJG LB_FJ HJ_DJSM KBGNJG DB[@KB ^MSG KJG KJMI] I@N KM IJ]JGJGJG HJ_DJSM URSLBSDJS LBCJDJ[JG LJIJGNJG]J_ 

Kmsusug Sbojnjm Syjrjt Rfmjg Jlamr Djtj Luimja Djgjfbdbg Hjrdjsm

Gjdj lbi`dp`l 6

:. Jnugn ^moms`g`

(?55;5?8:??)

?. Jwimj Jwimj Du Dustmj stmj Uutrm Uutrm 3. Cmtrj Kbwm Cjayjgm ;. Kbsty Hjt`gja 2. Kbsy Sjnmtj Rtjdm 8. Mdjs djsrur`a >. Ijbija Duojrjlja 1. Ibim _uldjgj =. Ibstjrm Uutrm :5.G .G` `ij Im Imskjwjtm Im Imgnnj ::. Uutrbgm :?. _msdj Urjkmptj :3. [myj _bstmjgj

(?55;5 (?55;5?8: ?8:3>) 3>) (?55;5?8:;3) (?55;5?8:;8) (?55;5?8:;>) (?55;5?8:>;) (?55;5?8:15) (?55;5?8:1:) (?55;5?8:1?) (?55;5?8?5?) (?55;5?8?5=) (?55;5?8??5) (?55;5?8?33)

:;. ^m ^mkmj ^jgjvj Jiojo :2. ^m ^miiy Urjsbtyj Rtjdj

(?55;5?8?3>) (?55;5?8?31)

Lbijs6 Ujnm Jp`tblbr QQQX K`sbg6 Kjgmbl Xmvmjgkajrm, D.Sc., Jpt. U_@N_JD S[RKM JU@[BLB_  HJLRI[JS HJ_DJSM KJG SJMGS RGMXB_SM[JS DRAJDDJKM]JA DRAJDDJKM]JA U_@H. K_. AJDLJ FJLJ_[J ?5?:

 

OJO M UBGKJARIRJG J. Ijtjr Ijtjr obijlj obijljgn gn

Uuslbs Uus lbsdjs djs jkjija jkjija sujtu sujtu ugmt ugmt pbijlsj pbijlsjgj gj hugnsm hugnsm`gj `gjii yjgn yjgn obrhug obrhugnsm nsm sboj sbojnj njmm pu pusjt sjt pb pbdo dojg jgnu nugj gjg g lb lbsba sbajtj jtjg, g, pu pusjt sjt pb pbdo domg mgjj jjg g pb pbrj rjg g sb sbrtj rtj djsyjrjljt djsyjr jljt kjijd omkjgn lbsbajtjg sbrtj pusjt pbijyjgjg lbsbajtjg lbsbajtjg tmgnljt tmgnljt  pbrtjdj yjgn dbgybibgnnjrjljg lbnmjtjggyj sbcjrj dbgybiurua, tbrpjku kjg  obrlbsmgjdougnjg pjkj sujtu djsyjrjljt yjgn obrtbdpjt tmgnnji kjijd sujtu suj tu wmijyj wmijyja a tbrtbgt tbrtbgtu u (Jzwjr, (Jzwjr, ?5:5), ?5:5), sbkjgnl sbkjgnljg jg dbguru dbgurutt Lbdbgt Lbdbgtbrmj brmjg g Lbsbaj Lbs bajtjg tjg _M, (?5:;) (?5:;) kjijd kjijd pbrdbg pbrdbglbs lbs g`. >2 [ajug [ajug ?5:; ?5:; dbgyjt dbgyjtjlj jljg g  ojawj Uusjt Lbsbajtjg Djsyjrjljt yjgn sbijgfutgyj kmsbout Uuslbsdjs jkjija hjsmimtjs pbijyjgjg lbsbajtjg yjgn dbgybibgnnjrjljg upjyj lbsbajtjg djsyjrjljt kjg upjyj lbsbajtjg pbrsb`rjgnjg tmgnljt pbrtjdj, kbgnjg iboma dbgn db gnut utjd jdjl jljg jg up upjy jyjj pr pr`d `d`t `tmh mh kj kjg g pr prbv bvbg bgtm tmh, h, ug ugtu tul l dbgc dbgcjp jpjm jm kb kbrjf rjfjt jt lbsbajtjg djsyjrjljt yjgn sbtmgnnm-tmgnnmgyj km wmijyja lbrfjgyj. Ubdbrmgtja Ubdbrm gtja tbija dbgcjgjgnljg dbgcjgjgnljg Xmsm Mgk`gbsmj Mgk`gbsmj ?5?2 yjmtu dbgfjkm gb gbnj njrj rj djfu djfu pj pjkj kj tjau tjaug g ?5 ?5?2 ?2.. Gj Gjdu dug, g, pb pbdb dbrmg rmgtja tja fu funj nj sbpbg sbpbgua uagy gyjj dbgyjkjrm ojawj lujimtjs sudobr kjyj djgusmj (SKD) djsma dbgfjkm sujtu tjgtjgnjg kjijd dbwufukljg vmsm yjgn kmdjlsuk. Ujrj pjljr km omkjgn SKD dbgyjtjljg ojawj lujimtjs SKD sbcjrj k`dmgjg kmtbgtuljg `iba lbdukjajg jlsbs pjkj pbgkmkmljg kjg hjsmimtjs lbsbajtjg yjgn obrlujimtjs. Sudobr Sud obr kjyj kjyj djgusm djgusmjj dbrupj dbrupjljg ljg bibdbg bibdbg `rnjgm `rnjgmsjsm sjsm yjgn yjgn sjgnjt sjgnjt  pbgtmgn. Sudobr kjyj djgusmj dbrupjljg pmijr utjdj sbljimnus pbgnnbrjl  r`kj `rnjgmsjsm kjijd upjyj dbwufukljg vmsm kjg dmsmgyj. Ljrbgjgyj ajrus kmpjstmljg sudobr kjyj mgm kmlbi`ij kbgnjg sbojml dugnlmg jnjr djdpu dbdobrm l`gtrmousm sbcjrj `ptmdji. Djlj kmpbriuljgija sbouja pbgnbi`ijjg sbcjrj smstbdjtms kjg tbrbgcjgj jnjr tufujg yjgn kmmgnmgljg kmdjsj sbljrjgn kjg djsj kbpjg omsj tbrcjpjm, yjgn sbrmgn kmsbout sbojnjm djgjfbdbg sudobr  kjyj djgusmj. [ufujg djgjfbdbg sudobrkjyj djgusmj jkjija dbgnbi`ij jtju dbgnbdojgnljg dbgnbdojgnljg l`dpbtbgsm l`dpbtbgsm pbrs`gmi pbrs`gmi jnjr djdpu djdpu dbrbjimsjsmlj dbrbjimsjsmljg g dmsm `rnjgmsjsm kjijd rjgnlj dbwufukljg vmsm. Djgj gjfb fbdb dbg g Dj

SKD SK D

jkji jk jija ja

lugc lu gcmm

yjgn yj gn

sjgn sj gnjt jt

pbgt pb gtmg mgn n

ugtu ug tul  l 

lbobrajsmijg kjg lbdjfujg `rnjgmsjsm tbrdjsul Uuslbsdjs. Ljrbgj djlmg

 

tmgnnm nm tmgnl tmgnljt jt pbdjg pbdjghjjtjg hjjtjg SKD djlmg tmgnnm ajsmi nugj sudob sudobrr kjyj tmgn ijmg ij mggy gyj. j. [m [mkj kjl l jk jkjj jr jrtm tmgy gyjj su sudo dobr br kj kjyj yj ij ijmg mggy gyjj tj tjgp gpjj SK SKD D yj yjgn gn  obrlujimtjs. Kmdjsj kbpjg, djgjfbdbg SKD dbgfjkm aji yjgn sjgnjt  pbgtmgn ugtul kmp brajtmljg `iba pjrj djgjfbr Uuslbsdjs Lbtbp Lbtb p jtjg kjijd  pbrbgcjgjjg, sbiblsm, pbgnbi`ijjg kjg pbgnbdojgnjg SKD dbgfjkm lugcm sulsbs Uuslbsdjs ugtul ugtul kjpjt obrlbdojgn (Guryjgt`, (Guryjgt`, ?552). ?552). Dbgurut Jstmbgj JL (?5:2), tbrsbout obobrjpj dbt`kb pbgnamtugnjg obojg lbrfj, yj yjmt mtu u ^`rl Sjdpimgn , [mdb jgk D`tm`g Stuky, Stuky,  Kjmiy I`n , kjg ^`rli`jk   Mgkmcjt`rs `h Stjhhmgn Gbbk (^MSG). Dbguru Dbg urutt Lbputu Lbputusjg sjg Dbgtbr Dbgtbrmm Lbsbajt Lbsbajtjg jg _bpuoi _bpuoiml ml Mgk`g Mgk`gbsmj bsmj G`. 1:/Dbglbs/ 1:/D bglbs/SL/?5 SL/?55;, 5;, ^MSG jkjija sujtu dbt`kb dbt`kb pbramtugn pbramtugnjg jg lboutuajg lboutuajg Sudobr Sud obr Kjyj Kjyj Djgusm Djgusmjj obrkjs obrkjsjrl jrljg jg pjkj pjkj obojg obojg lbrfj lbrfj pblbrf pblbrfjjg jjg gy gyjtj. jtj. St Stjg jgkj kjrr oboj obojg g lbrf lbrfjj jkji jkjija ja ojgy ojgyjl jlgy gyjj fb fbgm gmss pb pblb lbrf rfjj jjg g yj yjgn gn aj ajru russ kmsbibsjmljg `iba tbgjnj lbsbajtjg pr`hbssm`gji kjijd sjtu tjaug kjijd sjtu sjrjgj pbijyjgjg lbsbajtjg ( Kbplbs, ?55; ). Dbt`kb ^MSG jkjija jijt djgjfb djg jfbdbg dbg sudobr sudobr kjyj kjyj yjgn yjgn dbgnam dbgnamtug tugn n lboutu lboutuajg ajg stjh obrkjs obrkjsjrl jrljg jg  obojg lbrfj ugtul ljtbn`rm stjh tbrtbgtu kjg fbgms hjsmimtjs lbsbajtjg. Jijt mgm kjpjt kmtbrjpljg sbcjrj gjsm`gji, rbnm`gji, km hjsmimtjs lbsbajtjg tugnnji. Dbt`kb Dbt `kb ^MSG ^MSG dbdmim dbdmimlm lm lbibom lbibomajg ajg yjmtu yjmtu dukja dukja kmnugj kmnugjljg ljg ojml ojml sbcjrj sbcjrj tblg tblgms ms,, l` l`dp dprb rbab abgs gsmh mh,, rbjim rbjimst stms ms sbrtj sbrtj dbdo dbdobr brml mljg jg lb lbdu dukj kjaj ajg g kj kjij ijd d dbgbgtuljg vjrmjsm lboutuajg SKD kjijd obrojnjm tmpb ijyjgjg lbsbajtjg sbpbrtm puslbsdjs. Gjdug dbt`kb ^MSG dbdmimlm lbibdjajg, km djgj sjgnjt kmpbriuljg jkjgyj lbibgnljpjg kjtj yjgn gjgtmgyj jljg ?; kmjgjimsj sbcjrj stjtmstmc kjg jljg dbdpbgnjruam jlurjsm ajsmi ^MSG ( ^A@, ?5:5 )  Kjmiy i`n  dbrupjljg   dbrupjljg obgtul sbkbrajgj kjrm w`rl sjdpimgn, kmdjgj `rjgn yjgn kmtbimtm dbguimsljg dbguimsljg sbgkmrm lbnmjtjg kjg wjltu yjgn kmnugjljg kmnugjljg ugtul pbgbimtmjg tbrsbout. Ubgnnugjjg tblgml mgm sjgnt obrnjgtugn tbrajkjp lbrfjsjdj kjg lbfufurjg kjrm pbrs`gbi yjgn sbkjgn kmtbimtm. Ujkj dbt`kb mgm  pbgbimtm omjsjgyj dbdoujt pbk`djg kjg h`rduimr h`rduimr msmjg yjgn kjpjt kmpbijfjrm kjg kmmsm kmmsm sbgkmr sbgkmrmm `iba `iba mgh`rd mgh`rdjg. jg. Obrkjsj Obrkjsjrlj rljg g urjmjg urjmjg tbrsbo tbrsbout ut pbgbim pbgbimtmjg tmjg kmijluljg kmijl uljg pbgnufmjg pbgnufmjg ugtul ugtul dbgnbtjaum dbgnbtjaum fudija tbgjnj lbrfj kjg pbrobkjjg pbrobkjjg jgjimsj jgj imsj obojg lbrfj lbrfj dbt`kb dbt`kb ^MSG kbgnjg kbgnjg dbt`kb dbt`kb kj kjmi miyy i` i`n n km Mgstjijsm Mgstjijsm Hjrdjsm lbcjdjtjg Ljijgnjgyjr 

 

O. [ufujg :.

Dbgn Db gnbt btja jaum um fu fudi dija ja tbgj tbgjnj nj lb lbrfj rfj yj yjgn gn mk mkbj bjii km Mg Mgstj stjij ijsm sm Hj Hjrd rdjsm jsm Uuslbsdjs Lbcjdjtjg Ljijgnjgyjr 

?.

Dbgnbt Dbg nbtjau jaumm pbrobk pbrobkjjg jjg jgjims jgjimsjj obojg obojg lbrfj lbrfj dbt`kb dbt`kb ^MSG ^MSG kbgnjg kbgnjg dbt`kb Kjmiy dbt`kb  Kjmiy I`n .

C. Djghjj ghjjtt

Dbgmgnljtl Dbgmg nljtljg jg bhbltmvmtjs bhbltmvmtjs pbijyjgjg pbijyjgjg laususgyj laususgyj ijyjgjg hjrdjsm km Uuslbsdjs Lbcjdjtjg Ljijgnjgyjr.

K.

 

OJO MM [MGFJRJG URS[JLJ J. Uusjt Uusjt Lbsbajtj Lbsbajtjg g Djsyjrj Djsyjrjljt ljt

Uusjt lbsbajtjg djsyjrjljt yjgn sbijgfutgyj kmsbout puslbsdjs jkjija pbijyjgjg lbsbajtjg yjgn dbgybgnnbijrjljg upjyj lbsbajtjg djsyjrjljt kjg upjyj lbsbajtjg pbrsb`rjgnjg tmgnljt pbrtjdj, kbgnjg iboma dbgnutjdjljg dbgnutjdjljg pr`d`tmh kjg prbvbgtmh prbvbgtmh km wmijyja wmijyja lbrfj (Dbglbs _M, ?5:=) Dbgurut Dbglbs _M (?5:=) upjyj lbsbajtjg djsyjrjljt jkjija sbtmjp sbtm jp lbnmjt lbnmjtjg jg ugtul ugtul dbdbima dbdbimajrj jrj kjg dbmgnl dbmgnljtl jtljg jg lbsbaj lbsbajtjg tjg sbrtj sbrtj dbgcbnja dbgcbn ja kjg dbgjgnnuij dbgjgnnuijgnm gnm tmdouigyj tmdouigyj djsjija lbsbajtjg kbgnjg kbgnjg sjsjrjg lbiujrnj, lbi`dp`l, kjg djsyjrjljt O. Sudob Sudobrr Kjyj Kjyj Djgus Djgusmj mj

Ubrjgjg

sudobr

kjyj

djgusmj

yjgn

kmojgnug

jtju

kmlb kmlbdo dojg jgnl nljg jg dbij dbijiu iumm pr pr`s `sbs bs pb pbdo dojg jgnu nugj gjg g kj kjrm rm SKD SKD mtu mtu kj kjpj pjtt kmpbrtjgyjljg, jpjgyj kjrm SKD mtu yjgn ajrus kmojgnug sbamgnnj tbrwufuk djgusmj sbutuagyj jtju djgusmj yjgn obro`o`t jtju yjgn  obrlujimtjs sbsujm kbgnjg ajlmljt kjg sjsjrjg pbdojgnugjg gjsm`gji Mgk` Mgk`gb gbsmj smj.. ]jgn ]jgn pb pbri riu u kmoj kmojgn gnug ug jk jkji jija ja kj kjyj yj yj yjgn gn ob obrj rjsji sji jt jtju ju  obrsudobr kjrm djgusmj mtu jtjulja djgusmj yjgn dbgnajsmiljg kjyj mtu yjgn ajrus kmojgnug jtju kmlbdojgnljg. Dbgurut Dbgur ut Ajsmoujg Ajsmoujg kjijd [bwu (?5:2) Sudobr Kjyj Djgusmj Djgusmj jkjija lbdjdpujg tbrpjku kjrm kjyj pmlmr kjg kjyj hmsml yjgn kmdmimlm mgkm mgkmvm vmku ku.. Ub Ubij ijlu lu kjg kjg sm smhj hjtg tgyj yj km kmij ijlu lulj ljg g `i `iba ba lb lbtu turu rugj gjg g kj kjg g imgnlugnjggyj, sbkjgnljg prbstjsm lbrfjgyj kmd`tmvjsm `iba lbmgnmgjg ugtul dbdbguam lbpujsjggyj. Sudobr Kjyj Djgusmj jtju djg p`wbr  km smgnljt SKD dbrupjljg yjgn kmdmimlm sbtmjp djgusmj. SKD tbrkmrm kjrm kjyj hmlmr kjg kjyj hmsml sbtmjp djgusmj. [bnjsgyj lbdjdpujg sbtmjp djgusmj kmtbgtuljg `iba kjyj hmlmr kjg kjyj hmsmlgyj. SKD jtju djgusmj dbgfjkm ugsur utjdj kjijd sbtmjp jltmvmtjs yjgn kmijluljg. Ubrjijt Ubr jijtjg jg yjgn yjgn ajgkji ajgkji jtju jtju cjgnnm cjgnnma a tjgpj tjgpj pbrjg pbrjg jltmh jltmh SKD, SKD, tmkjl  tmkjl   obrjrtm jpj-jpj. Kjyj pmlmr jkjija lbcbrkjsjg yjgn kmojwj ijamr (d`kji

 

kjsj kjsjr) r) sb sbkj kjgn gnlj ljg g lbcj lbcjlj ljpj pjg g kmpb kmpbr` r`ib iba a kj kjrm rm us usja jajj (o (obi bijf jfjr jr kj kjg g  pbijtmajg). Lbcbrkjsjg t`i`l ulurgyj Mgtbibnbgcb Zu`tmbgt (MZ) kjg Bd`tm`g Zujimty (BZ) C. Djgjfbd Djgjfbdbg bg Sudob Sudobrr Kjyj Kjyj Djgus Djgusmj mj

Dbgurutt Jgunrj Dbguru Jgunrja a Uuspmt Uuspmtjj (?5::) (?5::),, dbgbfbd dbgbfbdbg bg sudobr sudobr kjyj kjyj djgusmj dbrupjljg imdj hugnsm kjsjr yjgn kmijluljg pjrj djgjfbr  yjmtu pbrbgcjgjjg, pbgn`rnjgmsjsmjg, pbgnmsmjg stjh, kjg pbgnjwjsjg kjijd dbgkjpjtljg sudobr kjyj djgusmj `rnjgmsjsm yjgn bhbltmh  Sbkjgn Sbk jgnjg jg Ajsmou Ajsmoujg jg (?558) (?558) obrpbg obrpbgkjp kjpjt jt ojawj ojawj Djgjfb Djgjfbdbg dbg Sudobr Kjyj Djgusmj jkjija midu kjg sbgm dbgnjtur auougnjg kjg  pbrjgjg tbgjnj lbrfj jnjr bhbltmh kjg bhmsmbg dbdojgtu tbrwufukgyj tufujg pbrusjajjg, ljryjwjg kjg djsyjrjljt Djgjfbdbg Sudobr Kjyj Djgusmj jkjija ojnmjg kjrm `rnjgmsjsm yj yjgn gn dbdo dbdobr brml mljg jg pb pbra rajt jtmj mjg g pj pjkj kj km kmdb dbgs gsmm ’` ’`rj rjgn gn—. —. Djgj Djgjfb fbdb dbg g djgusmj kjpjt kmimajt kjijd kuj cjrj, yjmtu6 :) Djgjfbdbg Sudobr Kjyj Djgusmj dbrupjljg pbgybkmj pbnjwjm ug ugtu tul l dbgk dbgkul ulug ugn n hu hugn gnsm sm `r `rnj njgm gmsjs sjsm. m. Ub Ubrj rjgg ggyj yj ug ugtu tul l dbdo dbdojg jgtu tu dbgybibsjmljg pbrdjsjijajg djgjfbdbd sudobr kjyj djgusmj, yjmtu dbgybkmjljg pblbrfj jtju sbtmjp aji yjgn obrljmtjg ijgnsugn kjijd  pr`kulsm ojrjgn jtju fjsj sujtu `rnjgmsjsm. ?) Djgjfbdbg sudobr kjyj djgusmj djgusmj dbrupjljg dbrupjljg hugnsm kjg tunjs kjrm sbtmjp djgjfbr ugtul dbgnbi`ij pblbrfj sbcjrj bhbltmh. Sbiurua kbhmgmsm kmjtjs dbgnnjdojrljg ojawj djgjfbdbg sudobr kjyj djgusmj jkjija jltmvmtjs jtju lbnmjtjg yjgn kmijlsjgjljg jnjr sudobr kjyj djgusmj km kjijd kji jd `rjngm `rjngmsjsm sjsm kjpjt kjpjt kmnugj kmnugjljg ljg sbcjrj sbcjrj bhbltmh bhbltmh kjg bhmsmbg bhmsmbg ugtul  ugtul  dbgc db gcjp jpjm jm obro obrojn jnjm jm tu tufu fujg jg..

Sbag Sbagnn nnjj

kj kjpj pjtt

km kmsm smdp dpui uilj ljg g

oj ojaw awjj

djgj dj gjfbd fbdbg bg su sudo dobr br kj kjyj yj djgu djgusmj smj jk jkji jija ja ’p ’pbg bgnj njlu lujg jg—— tb tbra rajk jkjp jp  pbgtmgngyj sjtujg tbgjnj lbrfj `rnjgmsjsm kjg pbdjghjjtjg obrojnjm lb lbnm nmjt jtjg jg kj kjg g hu hugn gnsm sm pb pbrs` rs`gj gjim imjj ug ugtu tul l dbgf dbgfjd jdmg mg oj ojaw awjj dbrbl dbrbljj kmnugj kmn ugjljg ljg sbcjrj sbcjrj bhbltmh bhbltmh kjg omfjl omfjl jnjr jnjr obrdjg obrdjghjjt hjjt ojnm ojnm mgkmvm mgkmvmku, ku, `rnjgmsjsm, kjg djsyjrjljt.

 

K. Ubrbgcj Ubrbgcjgjjg gjjg Sudobr Sudobr Kjyj Kjyj Djgus Djgusmj mj

Dbrupjljg Dbrup jljg sujtu pr`sbs pbgmgfjujg pbgmgfjujg yjgn smstbdjtms smstbdjtms dbgnb dbgnbgjm gjm  pbrsyjrjtjg sudobr s udobr kjyj djgusmj ugtul dbgfjdmg jnjr fudija tbgjnj lbrfj lbr fj kbgnjg kbgnjg lbtbrj lbtbrjdpm dpmijg ijg lbrfj lbrfj yjgn yjgn kpbriu kpbriuljg ljg tbrsbkm tbrsbkmjj jpjomi jpjomijj kmou kmoutu tual aljg jg.. Bibd Bibdbg bg-bi -bibd bdbg bg km kj kjij ijd d pb pbrbg rbgcjg cjgjj jjg g tb tbgj gjnj nj lb lbrfj rfj kmjgtjrjgyj 6 :) [ufu [ufujg jg `r `rnj njgm gmsjs sjsmm ?) Ubrjdj Ubrjdjijg ijg sudobr sudobr kjyj kjyj djgu djgusmj smj 3) Mg Mgh` h`rd rdjsm jsm lj ljry ryjw jwjg jg ;) Ur`ybl Ur`yblsm sm lbtbrsbk lbtbrsbkmjj mjjg g sudobr sudobr kjyj djgusm djgusmjj 2) Jgjimsms Jgjimsms kjg bvjiujsm bvjiujsm lbsbgfjgn lbsbgfjgnjg jg sudobr sudobr kjyj kjyj djgusmj djgusmj Ajsmou Ajs moujg jg (?558) (?558) dbgyjt dbgyjtjlj jljg g pbrbgc pbrbgcjgj jgjjg jg sudobr sudobr kjyj kjyj djgusm djgusmjj dbimputm lbnmjtjg-lbnmjtjg jgtjrj ijmg 6 :) Slmi Slmiii Mgvb Mgvbgt gt`r `ry y Dbrupjljg lbnmjtjg pbgcjtjtjg kjg pbgymdpjgjg kjtj sbcjrj rmgcm dbgn db gnbg bgjm jm

ljry ljryjw jwjg jg

tbrd tbrdjs jsul ul

cj cjtj tjtj tjg g

pb pbgk gkmk mkml mljg jg,,

pb pbij ijtm tmaj ajg, g,

 pbgnjijdjg, ijdj lbrfj, p`smsm sbljrjgn, njfm kjg ljrjltbrmstml   pbnjwjm. ?) F` F`o o Jgji Jgjiy ysm smss Dbrupjljg jgjimsms tbrajkjp urjmjg tunjs kjg tjgnnugn fjwjo kjrm  pblbrfjjg tbrtbgtu kjg ljrjltbrmstml pbnjwjm (pbgnbtjaujg kjg lbtbrjdpmijg yjgn kmoutualjg ugtul dbgkuuklm p`sms tbrtbgtu) 3) _bpi _bpijc jcbdb bdbgt gt Cajr Cajrtt Dbrupj Dbr upjljg ljg sbouja sbouja kmjnrj kmjnrjd d yjgn yjgn dbgnnj dbgnnjdoj dojrlj rljg g sbiuru sbiurua a fjojtj fjojtjg g kmsbiu kms biurua rua `rnjgm `rnjgmsjsm sjsm,, smjpj smjpj yjgn yjgn dbgfjo dbgfjojt jt sjjt mgm, mgm, kjg smjpj smjpj yjgn yjgn  obrp`tbgsm dbgfjojt kmsujtu ajrm ;) Bxpb Bxpbrt rt H`r H`rbc bcjs jstt Dbrupj Dbr upjljg ljg lbnmjtj lbnmjtjg g pbrjdj pbrjdjijg ijg yjgn yjgn kmoujt kmoujt `iba `iba pjrj pjrj jaim jaim kbgnjg kbgnjg dbgnnugjljg tblgml tbrtbgtu. Ubrjdjijg mgm omjsjgyj kmkjsjrljg pjkj jsudsmjsudsm jsudsm jsudsm sbpbrtm pbrlbdojgn pbrlbdojgnjg jg `rnjgmsjsm `rnjgmsjsm kjg ugbdpi`yd ugbdpi`ydbgt bgt rjtb.

 

B. Jgjism Jgjismsm sm Obojg Obojg Lbrfj Lbrfj

Dbgurut Lbputusjg Dbgtbrm Lbsbajtjg _bpuoiml Mgk`gbsmj G`d`r  1:/Dbglbs/SL/M/?55;, ^MSG jkjija sujtu dbt`kb pbramtugnjg lboutuajg SKD obrkjsjrljg pjkj obojg lbrfj pblbrfjjg gyjtj. Stjgkjr obojg lbrfj jkjija ojgyjlgyj fbgms pblbrfjjg yjgn ajrus kmsbibsjmljg `iba tbgjnj lbsbaj lbs bajtjg tjg pr`hbs pr`hbssm` sm`gji gji kjijd kjijd sjtu tjaug tjaug kjijd kjijd sjtu sjtu sjrjgj sjrjgj pbijyj pbijyjgjg gjg lbsbajtjg (Kbplbs, ?55;) Mgtbrgjtm`g Mgtbrg jtm`gji ji Ijo`ur Ijo`ur @hhmcb (:=13) kjijd Jgunrja Jgunrja Sbtmj Uuspmtj (?5::) dbgnugnljpljg ojawj pblbrfjjg yjgn obrobkj-obkj dbdbriuljg lbsjgnnupjg djgusmj yjgn obrobkj-obkj puij. Sb`rjgn pblbrfj kmjgnnjp dbdbguam syjrjt jpjomij dbdpugyjm smhjt kjg lbdjdpujg fjsdjgm yjgn kmpbriuljg kmpbr iuljg,, yjgn dbdmimlm lbcbrkjsjg lbcbrkjsjg kjg pbgkmkmljg pbgkmkmljg yjgn kmtbgtuljg kmtbgtuljg sbrtj tbija dbdpbr`iba lbcbrkjsjg kjg pbgkmkmljg yjgn kmtbgtuljg, sbrtj tbija tbija dbdpbr dbdpbr`ib `iba a lbtbrjd lbtbrjdpmi pmijg jg kjg pbgnbt pbgnbtjau jaujg jg yjgn yjgn sulup sulup ugtul  ugtul  dbijls dbi jlsjlj jljg g pblbrfj pblbrfjjg. jg. Ajsmou Ajsmoujg jg (?558 (?558)) dbgfbi dbgfbijsl jsljg jg ojawj ojawj urjmjg urjmjg  pblbrfjjg kjg urjmjg fjojtjg ajrus kmtbtjpljg sbcjrj fbijs ugtul sbtmjp  fjojtjg, supjyj pbfjojt tbrsbout dbgnbtjaum tunjs kjg tjgnnugn fjwjo yjgn ajrus kmijluljggyj. Rrjmjg pblbrfjjg jljg dbdobrmljg lbtbnjsjg kjg stjgkjr tunjs yjgn ajrus kmcjpjm `iba sb`rjgn pbfjojt pjkj fjojtjg tbrsbout. Dbgurut Kbplbs (?55;) mgm jkjija sujtu dbt`kb obrkjsjrljg lbrfj yjgn yjg n gyjtj gyjtj yjgn yjgn kmijlu kmijluljg ljg `iba `iba tbgjnj tbgjnj lbsbaj lbsbajtjg tjg (obojg (obojg lbrfjg lbrfjgyj) yj).. Dbt`kb Dbt `kb mgm kjpjt kjpjt kmtbrjp kmtbrjpljg ljg pjkj pjkj sbduj sbduj ljtbn` ljtbn`rm rm tbgjnj tbgjnj,, ojml ojml dbkms, dbkms,  pjrjdbkms, djupug g`gdbkms. Dbt`kb mgm obrnugj ugtul dbgnamtugn lboutuajg

sjj jjtt

mgm

kjg

djsj

dbg bgk kjt jtjjgn,

obrdj rdjghjjt

ugtul 

dbdojg dbd ojgkmg kmgnlj nljg g SKD Lbsbaj Lbsbajtjg tjg pjkj pjkj kjbrja kjbrja jtju jtju hjsmimt hjsmimtjs js lbsbaj lbsbajtjg tjg yjgn obrobkj, kjpjt dbimajt jpj tbgjnj lbsbajtjg oblbrfj sukja sbsujm kbgnjg pr`hbsmgyj jtju tmkjl, kjg kjpjt dbgnmkbgtmhmljsm sbobrjpj obsjr   obojg lbrfj SKD Lbsbajtjg.

 

H. ^MSG (^`rli`jk Mgkmcjt`r Stjhh Gbbk)

Dbt` Db t`kb kb

pbra pbramt mtu ugn gnjg jg

SKD SKD

ob obrk rkjs jsjr jrl ljg

^MSG ^MSG

jk jkji jija ja

dbt bt`k `kbb

 pbramtugnjg SKD lbsbajtjg obrkjsjrljg obojg lbrfj gyjtj yjgn kmijlsjgjljg `iba tmjp ljtbn`rm SKD lbsbajtjg pjkj tmjp ugmt lbrfj km hjsmimtjs lbsbajtjg. :. Lbib Lbibom omaj ajg g dbt` dbt`kb kb ^MSG ^MSG j. Dukja

kmijlsjgjljg

ljrbgj

dbgnnugjljg

kjtj

yjgn

kmludpuil kmlu dpuiljg jg jtju kmkjpjt kjrm ijp`rjg lbnmjtjg lbnmjtjg rutmg djsmgndjsmgn ugmt pbijyjgjg.  o. Ajsmi pbramtugnjggyj rbjimstms, r bjimstms, sbamgnnj sb amgnnj dbdobrmljg lbdukjajg kjijd dbgyusug pbrbgcjgjjg jgnnjrjg kjg ji`ljsm sudobr kjyj ijmggyj. c. Ubramt Ubramtug ugnjg njg dbgnnu dbgnnugjl gjljg jg S@U sbamgnn sbamgnnjj kjtj yjgn kmkjpj kmkjpjtlj tljg g iboma jlurjt k. Kjpjt Kjpjt dgbnbtja dgbnbtjaum um fudija fudija tbgjnj tbgjnj lbrfj yjgn kmout kmoutual ualjg jg pbr ugmt lbrfj ?. Lblu Lblurjg rjgnj njg g Dbt` Dbt`kb kb ^MS ^MSG G j. Dbdbri Dbdbriulj uljg g lbibgnlj lbibgnljpjg pjg pbgcjt pbgcjtjtjg jtjg kjtj kjtj yjgn yjgn jlurjt jlurjt  o. Dbdbriuljg lbrjpmajg pbgymdpjgjg kjtj yjgn ojml  c. Kjtj Kjtj lbnmjtjg lbnmjtjg ajrus ajrus kmlbtja kmlbtjaum um sbcjrj sbcjrj dbgybiur dbgybiurua ua sbamgnn sbamgnnjj kjpjt dbgbgtuljg rjtj-rjtj wjltu pbr lbnmjtjg

 

[jajpjg jgjimsms dbt`kb ^MSG kjpjt kmimajt pjkj ojnjg

Dbgbtjpljg ugmt lbrfj kjg ljtbn`rm SKD

Dbgbtjpljg wjltu lbrfj tbrsbkmj/J^[

dbgbtjpljg l`dp`gbg obojg lbrfj

dbgyusug stjgkjr lbnmjtjg

dbgyusug stjgkjr obojg lbrfj

dbgnamtugn hjlt`r lbi`gnnjrjg

dbgbgtuljg lboutuajg tbgjnj lbrfj obrkjsjrljg ^MSG

N.  Kjmiy I`n  Sbkjgnljg Sbkjg nljg dbgurut dbgurut Miyjs (?55;)  Kjmiy i`n  dbrupjljg   dbrupjljg obgtul yjgn

iboma ibo ma sbkbrajg sbkbrajgjj kjrm w`rl sjdpimgn  sjdpimgn . Cjrjgy Cjrjgyjj jkjija jkjija `rjgn `rjgn yjgn yjgn kmtbim kmtbimtm tm dbguimsljg sbgkmrm lbnmjtjg kjg wjltu yjgn kmnugjljg ugtul pbgbimtmjg tbrsbout. @iba ljrbgj mtu, tblgml mgm sjgnjt obrnjgtugn pjkj lbfufurjg kjg lb lbrf rfjsj jsjdj dj kj kjrm rm pb pbnj njwj wjmm yj yjgn gn dbgf dbgfjk jkmm sj sjdp dpbi. bi. Ub Ubij ijls lsjg jgjj jjg g tb tblg lgml ml mg mgmm dbgnnu dbg nnugjl gjljg jg h`rdui h`rduimr mr msmjg msmjg sbkbra sbkbrajgj jgj dbgnbg dbgnbgjm jm lbnmjt lbnmjtjg, jg, wjltu, wjltu, kjg ijdjgyj lbnmjtjg. Ujkj dbt`kb mgm omjsjgyj pbgbimtm dbdoujt pbk`djg kjg h`rduimr msmjg yjgn kjpjt kmpbijfjrm kjg kmmsm sbgkmrm `iba mgh`rdjg. Sbobiud

 

kmijluljg pbgbimtmjg pbriu kmobrmljg pbgfbijsjg dbgnbgjm tufujg kjg cjrj  pbgnmsmjg lbpjkj suoybl pbrs`gbi yjgn kmtbimtm :. Lbib Lbibom omaj ajg g Kjmi Kjmiy y I`n I`n j. [jajpj [jajpjg g pbram pbramtug tugnjg njg iboma iboma sbkb sbkbraj rajgj gj  o. Kjtj yjgn kmkjpjtljg sbkmlmt sbamgnnj pbramtugnjg pbramtugnjg iboma dukja ?. Lblu Lblurj rjgn gnjg jg Kjmi Kjmiy y I`n I`n j. Kmoutu Kmoutualj aljg g lbrfjs lbrfjsjdj jdj yjgn yjgn sjgnjt sjgnjt ojml  ojml   o. Smtujsm`gji (kjtj wjltu kjg lbnmjtjg yjgn kmkjpjtljg pjkj ajrm tbrtbgtu tbrtbg tu sjfj/tmkjl sjfj/tmkjl dbgybiurua dbgybiurua)) sbamgnnj sbamgnnj jkj kjtj yjgn yjgn tmkjl  tbrcjtjt. c. Kmou Kmoutu tual aljg jg lbfu lbfufu furj rjg g yjgn yjgn tmgn tmgnnm nm ug ugtu tul l dbgu dbguim imsl sljg jg sb sbtm tmjp jp lbnmjtjg yjgn kmijluljg k. [mkj [mkjl l kj kjpj pjtt dbgn dbgnbtj btjau aumm fu fudi dija ja tbgjn tbgjnjj lb lbrf rfjj yj yjgn gn km kmou outu tual aljg jg  pbr ugmt lbrfj

 

OJO MMM DB[@K@I@NM UBGBIM[MJG J. Fb Fbgm gmss Ubgbi Ubgbimt mtmj mjg g

Fbgms pbgbimtmjg jkjija kbslrmptmh kbgnjg jgjimsj kjtj lujgtmtjtmh kjg lujimt luj imtjtmh jtmh.. Kjtj Kjtj lujimt lujimtjtmh jtmh kmpbr` kmpbr`iba iba kjrm kjrm ajsmi ajsmi wjwjgc wjwjgcjrj jrj kjg pbgnms pbgnmsmjg mjg h`rduimr kjmiy i`n  `iba   `iba L``rkmgjt`r yjmtu jsmstbg jp`tblbr jp`tblbr km Mgstjijsm Mgstjijsm hjrdjsm Uuslbsd Uus lbsdjs js Lbcjdj Lbcjdjtjg tjg Ljijgn Ljijgnjgy jgyjr. jr. Kjtj Kjtj lujgtm lujgtmtjt tjtmh mh kmpbr` kmpbr`iba iba kjrm kjrm ajsmi ajsmi  pbramtugnjg kbgnjg dbgnnugjljg dbt`kb ^MSG kjg dbt`kb kjm kjmiy iy i`n . Ubgbim Ubg bimtmjg tmjg mgm ugtul ugtul dbgnbt dbgnbtjau jaumm obojg obojg lbrfj lbrfj Mgstji Mgstjijsm jsm hjrdjsm hjrdjsm Uuslbs Uuslbsdjs djs Lbcj Lb cjdj djtj tjg g Ljij Ljijgn gnjg jgyj yjrr sbojn sbojnjm jm kj kjsjr sjr ug ugtu tul l dbij dbijlu lulj ljg g pb pbra ramt mtug ugnj njg g lboutuajg tbgjnj lbrfj Mgstjijsm hjrdjsm Uuslbsdjs Lbcjdjtjg Ljijgnjgyjr. Suoybl pbgbimtmjg dbimputm kuj `rjgn Jsmstbg Jp`tblbr. O. I`lj I`ljsm sm Ub Ubgb gbim imtm tmjg jg

Ubgb Ubgbim imtm tmjg jgg g kmij kmijlu lulj ljg g km ijyj ijyjgj gjg g hjrdj hjrdjsm sm Uusl Uuslbs bsdj djss Lbcjd Lbcjdjt jtjg jg Ljij Lj ijgn gnjg jgyj yjr, r, fjij fjijg g Ibuw Ibuwmk mkjd jdjr jr Ld. Ld. 3, Sulj Suljdb dblj ljrsj rsjrm, rm, Lj Ljij ijgn gnjg jgyj yjr, r, Suljdbljrsjrm, Ljijgnjgyjr, Ljoupjtbg Ibojl, Ojgtbg ;?3:? C. [blgml [blgml U Ubgn bgnudp udpuij uijg g Kjtj Kjtj

Ubgnudpuijg kjtj pjkj pbgbimtmjg mgm yjmtu kbgnjg pbgkbljtjg wjltu yjgn kmoutualjg ugtul dbijluljg pbijyjgjg hjrdjsm km mgstjijsm Hjrdjsm Uuslbsdjs Uuslb sdjs Lbcjdjtjg Lbcjdjtjg Ljijgnjgyjr. Ljijgnjgyjr. Ubgnulurjg Ubgnulurjg kmijluljg tbrajkjp tbrajkjp wjltu yj yjgn gn kmou kmoutu tual aljg jg ug ugtu tul l dbgy dbgybib bibsjm sjmlj ljg g pb pbij ijyj yjgj gjg g hjrdj hjrdjsm sm yj yjgn gn jk jkjj km Uuslbsdjs Lbcjdjtjg Ljijgnjgyjr kjijd > fjd wjltu lbrfj. Ubgnjd Ubg njdjtjg jtjg kmijlu kmijluljg ljg sbcjrj sbcjrj ijgnsu ijgnsugn gn km Mgstji Mgstjijsm jsm Hjrdjs Hjrdjsmm kbgnjg kbgnjg dbwjwjgcjrjm jsmstbg jp`tblbr yjgn obrtunjs, pbgnulurjg pbgnulurjg wjltu kmijluljg kmijluljg kb kbgn gnjg jg dbgc dbgcjt jtjt jt fjd fjd duij duijmm kj kjg g fjd fjd sb sbibs ibsjm jm pr pr`s `sbs bs pb pbijy ijyjg jgjg jg hj hjrd rdjsm jsm lbdukmjg kmdjsulljg lbkjijd h`rduimr h`rduimr kjmiy i`n . Ubgnjdjtjg kmijluljg sbijdj : ajrm lbrfj pjkj tjgnnji ? Fuim ?5?:, ugtul jgjimsj kjtj lujimtjtmh kmijluljg wjwjgcjrj kjg pbgnmsmjg h`rduimr  kjmiy i`n   kbgnjg kbgnjg jsmstbg jp`tblbr km Mgstjijsm Hjrdjsm Uuslbsdjs Lbcjdjtjg Ljijgn Lji jgnjgy jgyjr. jr. ^jwjgc ^jwjgcjrj jrj kmijlu kmijluljg ljg ugtul ugtul dbgcjr dbgcjrmm hjlt`r hjlt`r jpj sjfj yjgn yjgn

 

dbgfjkm ajdojtjg kjijd pbijyjgjg rbsbp km Mgstjijsm Hjrdjsm Uuslbsdjs Lbcjdjtjg Ljijgnjgyjr.

K. Ubgn Ubgn`i `ija jajg jg K Kjt jtj j

Ubgn`ijajg kjtj kmijluljg kbgnjg dbdjsulljg kjtj lb l`dputbr pjkj  pr`nrjd bxcbi lbdukmjg km`ija kjg kmijluljg pbramtugnjg. Ubramtugnjg kjpjt kmijluljg obrkjsjrljg fudija wjltu lbnmjtjg B. Jgji Jgjims msms ms Kjtj Kjtj

Kjijd stukm jgjimsms kjtj kmijluljg ugtul dbgnbtjaum obojg lbrfj kjg lboutuajg tbgjnj lbrfj yjgn mkbji sbsujm kbgnjg obojg lbrfj yjgn kmijluljg. Rgtul dbgnbtjaum obojg lbrfj ijgnlja pbrtjdj yjgn kmijluljg dbgcjrm dbg cjrm rbrjtj rbrjtj wjltu wjltu yjgn yjgn kmoutu kmoutualj aljg g ugtul ugtul dbdobr dbdobrmlj mljg g pbijyj pbijyjgjg gjg hjrdjsm lbpjkj pjsmbg. Lbdukmjg, sbtbija kmlbtjaum rbrjtj wjltu yjgn kmoutualjg kjpjt kmlbtjaum obrjpj obojg lbrfj obrkjsjrljg fudija wjltu. Kjrm pbramtugnjg tbrsbout kjpjt kmcjrm tjau lboutuajg tbgjnj pbr ajrm, kmij kmijlu lulj ljg g kb kbgn gnjg jg dbt` dbt`kb kb ^MSG ^MSG kb kbgn gnjg jg dbdp dbdpbr bram amtu tugn gnlj ljg g wjlt wjltu u dbdobrmljg pbijyjgjg hjrdjsm pbr ajrm, wjltu yjgn kmoutualjg ugtul  dbdobr dbd obrmlj mljg g pbijyj pbijyjgjg gjg hjrdjsm, hjrdjsm, fjd lbrfj bhbltmh bhbltmh

SKD SKD pbr ajrm sbrtj

 fudija ajrm lbrfj pbr tjaug. Rgtul Rgt ul jgjims jgjimsjj kjtj kjtj lujimt lujimtjtm jtmhh kmijlu kmijluljg ljg pr`sbs pr`sbs wjwjgc wjwjgcjrj, jrj, kjg  pbgnmsmjg h`rduimr   kjmiy i`n , lbdukmjg pbgjrmljg lbsmdpuijg kjrm kjtj, sbsujm ijgnlja jgjimsms kjtj lujimtjtmh Dmibs kjg Auobrdjg (:=1;). Kjtj yjgn kmtuimsljg dbrupjljg kjtj yjgn tbija dbibwjtm pr`sbs wjwjgcjrj kjg pbgnms pbgnmsmjg mjg h`rdui h`rduimr mr kjmiy i`n , lbdukmjg kmijluljg pbdojajsjg kjrm kjtj yjgn obrajsmi kmludpuiljg. H. Ubgy Ubgyjf jfmj mjg g Kjtj Kjtj

Kjtj Kj tj lu lujim jimtj tjtm tmh, h, kj kjtj tj kmsjf kmsjfml mljg jg kj kjij ijd d ob obgt gtul ul p` p`mg mg–p –p`m `mg g yj yjgn gn kmjdomi kjrm h`rduimr wjwjgcjrj kjg tbija kmlbi`dp`lljg sbsujm kbgnjg djsjija yjgn kmojajs. kmojajs. Ubgyjfmjg Ubgyjfmjg kjtj kmijgfutlj kmijgfutljg g kbgnjg kbgnjg pbdojajsjg pbdojajsjg sbcjrj gjrjtmh amgnnj dbgcjpjm lbsmdpuijg. Kjtj lujgtmtjtmh pbgbimtmjg mgm kmsjfmljg kjijd obgtul tjobi kjg aj ajsm smii lb lbsmd smdpu puij ijg g kj kjrm rm pb pbgn gnjd jdjt jtjg jg yj yjgn gn km kmijl ijlul uljg jg km kmsbr sbrtj tjmm kb kbgn gnjg jg  pbgfbijsjg kbslrmptmh. Ajsmi wjltu yjgn kmpbr`iba kjijd dbdobrmljg

 

 pbijyjgjg hjrdjsm lbdukmjg kmdjsulljg kjijd rudus ugtul pbramtugnjg  obojg

lbrfj,

pbramtugnjg

fudija

lboutuajg

tbgjnj

lbrfj,

kjg

 pbgnamtugnjg fudija lboutuajg tbgjnj hjrdjsm. Ajsmi pbramtugnjg lbdukmjg kmrjgnlud kjijd obgtul tjobi.

 

OJO MX AJSMI KJG UBDOJAJSJG J. Ur`hmi Ur`hmi [bgj [bgjnj nj Hjrd Hjrdjsm jsm :. Ljrjlt Ljrjltbr brmst mstml ml [bgj [bgjnj nj Hjrd Hjrdjsm jsm Ljrjlt Ljr jltbrm brmstml stml tbgjnj tbgjnj hjrdjsm hjrdjsm yjgn yjgn kmtbim kmtbimtm tm dbimpu dbimputm tm pbgkmk pbgkmkmlj mljg, g, stjtus stjtus

lbpbnjwjmjg, kmnjdojrljg sbojnjm obrmlut 6 G`.

Fjojtjg

:

[bgjnj

[blgms

Ubgkmkmljg Stjtus Lbpbnjwjmjg UGS G`g UGS K3 5 ?

Lbhjrdjsmjg ([[L) [bgj [b gjnj nj Hjrd Hjrdjs jsmm km Uusl Uuslbsd bsdjs js Ljij Ljijgn gnjg jgyj yjrr tb tbrk rkmr mrmm kj kjrm rm ? `r `rjg jgn n yj yjgn gn dbrupjljg K3 hjrdjsm yjgn sbdujgyj G`g UGS. Sjtu `rjgn obrtjgnnugn  fjwjo sbojnjm lbpjij ojnmjg hjrdjsm sbljimnus dbgfjkm l``rkmgjt`r yjgn  obrtjgnnugn fjwjo kmojnmjg nukjgn `ojt, dbgnjtur pbrbgcjgjjg pbrobljijg hjrd hjrdjsm jsm,, dbgy dbgyus usug ug kj kjht htjr jr pb pbrd rdmg mgtjj tjjg g `o `ojt jt ug ugtu tul l km kmlm lmrm rmdl dljg jg lb km kmgj gjss lbsbajtjg sbtbdpjt, obrtunjs kjijd pbijyjgjg lbhjrdjsmjg limgms kjg sjtu `rjgn yjgn funj [[L dbdojgtu dbdoujt ijp`rjg ouijgjg ijyjgjg hjrdjsm, dbgymjpljg pbrobljijg hjrdjsm, dbijluljg mgput ojrjgn djsul kjg lbiujr, kjg pbijyjgjg hjrdjsm limgms. ?. Rrj Rrjmj mjg g [u [unjs njs j. [bgjn [bgjnj j [blgm [blgmss Lbhjr Lbhjrdjs djsmjg mjg Sjtu Sjtu :) [unjs unjs p p`l `l`l `l 

Dbgy Db gyjf jfml mljg jg rj rjgc gcjg jgnj njg g lbnm lbnmjt jtjg jg kjij kjijd d rj rjgn gnlj lj rb rbgc gcjg jgjj lb lbnm nmjt jtjg jg kj kjg g  pbrbgcjgjjg pbrobljijg hjrdjsm kjijd rjgnlj pbgnjkjjg pbrobljijg hjrdjsm



Dbdbrmlsj cjtjtjg jtju oultm pbrobljijg hjrdjsm kjijd rjgnlj pbgymdpjgjg



Dbdbrmlsj Dbdbrm lsj kjg dbgybrjaljg dbgybrjaljg pbrobljijg pbrobljijg hjrdjsm kjijd rjgnlj rjgnlj kmspbgsmgn kmspbgsmgn rbsbp mgkmvmkuji sbrtj dbdobrmljg pbijyjgjg mgh`rdjsm `ojt (UM@)



Dbijluljg pbrjcmljg `ojt rjcmljg kjg g`grjcmljg funj pbdobrmjg btmlbt



L`gsuitjsm kbgnjg k`ltbr, pbrjwjt kjg tbgjnj lbsbajtjg ijmggyj



Dbgyusug ijp`rjg lbnmjtjg hjrdjsm limgml 

 



Dbdmija `ojt – `ojt yjgn sukja tmkjl ijyjl kmnugjljg jtju ljkjiujrsj



Dbijluljg st`l `pgjdb

?) ^bwbg bwbgjjgn 

Dbgymjpljg ojajg rbgcjgj lbrfj tjaugjg



Dbijlsjgjljg pbgnjkjjg kjg pbgymdpjgjg sbkmjjg hjrdjsm kjg pbrobljijg lbsbajtjg sbsujm jturjg obrijlu



Dbgymjpljg ojrjgn hjrdjsm kjg ODAU kjrm nukjgn



Dbijluljg stbrmimsjsm



Dbgymjpljg `ojt sbsujm rbsbp k`ltbr 



Dbdobrmljg pbgfbijsjg pbgnnugjjg `ojt lbpjkj pbgnugfugn hjrdjsm



Dbijlsjgjljg pbgnbi`ijjg sbkmjjg hjrdjsm kjg pbrobljijg lbsbajtjg

3) [jgn [jgnnu nugn gn fjwj fjwjo o 

[brsusug rbgcjgj lbrfj tjaugjg



[brsbkmjgyj pbrbgcjgjjg pbrobljijg hjrdjsm



[brijlsjgjgyj pbgnjkjjg kjg pbgymdpjgjg sbkmjjg hjrdjsm kjg pbrobljijg lbsbajtjg sbsujm jturjg yjgn obrijlu



[brijlsjgjgyj pbgnbi`ijjg sbkmjjg hjrdjsm kjg pbrobljijg lbsbajtjg sbsujm lboutuajg



[brsbkmjgyj jijt stbrmi



[brijlsjgjgyj pbgnajpusjg pbrobljijg hjrdjsm



[brpbguamgyj rbsbp k`ltbr 



[brijlsjgjgyj pbgfbijsjg pbgnnugjjg `ojt lbpjkj pbgnugfugn hjrdjsm  o. [bgjnj [blgms Lbhjrdjsmjg kuj :) [unjs njs p` p`l`l 

Dbdbrmlsj Dbdbrm lsj kjg dbgybrjaljg dbgybrjaljg pbrobljijg pbrobljijg hjrdjsm kjijd rjgnlj rjgnlj kmspbgsmgn kmspbgsmgn rbsbp mgkmvmkuji sbrtj dbdobrmljg pbijyjgjg mgh`rdjsm `ojt (UM@)



Dbijluljg pbrjcmljg `ojt rjcmljg kjg g`grjcmljg funj pbdobrmjg btmlbt



L`gsuitjsm kbgnjg k`ltbr, pbrjwjt kjg tbgjnj lbsbajtjg ijmggyj



Dbgyusug ijp`rjg lbnmjtjg hjrdjsm limgml 



Dbdmija `ojt – `ojt yjgn sukja tmkjl ijyjl kmnugjljg jtju ljkjiujrsj



Dbijluljg st`l `pgjdb

 



Ijp`rjg mgput ojrjgn djsul kjg lbiujr 



Dbgymjpljg kjg dbgybkmjljg ojrjgn hjrdjsm kjrm jp`tbl jtju rudja sjlmt ijmg



Dbdoujt ijp`rjg ouijgjg

?) ^bwbg bwbgjjgn 

Dbgbrmd Dbg brmdjj ojrjgn ojrjgn hjrdjsm hjrdjsm kjg ODAU ODAU kjrm kjrm nukjgn nukjgn kjg dbrjpm dbrjpmljg ljg ojrjgn ojrjgn hjrdjsm



Dbijluljg stbrmimsjsm



Dbgymjpljg `ojt sbsujm rbsbp k`ltbr 



Dbdobrmljg pbgfbijsjg pbgnnugjjg `ojt lbpjkj pbgnugfugn hjrdjsm



Dbgnamdpug kjtj pbgyusugjg ijp`rjg

3) [jgn [jgnnu nugn gn Fj Fjwj wjo o 

[brsbkmjgyj pbrbgcjgjjjg pbrobljijg hjrdjsm



[brijlsjgjgyj pbgnbi`ijjg pbrobljijg hjrdjsm [brsbkmjgyj jijt stbrmi



[brijlsjgjgyj pbgnajpusjg pbrobljijg hjrdjsm



[brpbguamgyj rbsbp k`ltbr 



[brijlsjgjgyj pbgfbijsjg pbgnnugjjg `ojt lbpjkj pbgnugfugn hjrdjsm



[bramdpug kjtj pbgyusugjg ijp`rjg



O. Oukj Oukjyj yj @rnj @rnjgm gmsjs sjsmm Kbgnjg dbgbrjpljg 3S (Sbgyud, Sjpj, Sjijd) C. Ljs Ljsus us km Mgstjij Mgstjijsm sm Hjrdjsm Hjrdjsm Uuslb Uuslbsdj sdjss Mgstjijsm Hjrdjsm Uuslbsdjs Lijgnjgyjr dbdmimlm fudija tbgjnj lbrfj ? `rjgn yjgn oblbrfj kjrm pului 51.55 – :;.55. Rgtul dbgnbtjaum fudija tbgjnj lbrfj sbsujm kbgnjg obojg lbrfj djlj kmijluljg pbramtugnjg jgjimsms obojg lbrfj  obrkjsjrljg dbt`kb ^MSG kbgnjg kjtj pbgkulugn pbgkulugn sbojnjm obrmlut 6 j.

Fu Fudi dija ja ajrm ajrm sbtj sbtjau aug g 4 3:? ajrm ajrm,, tbr tbrkj kjpj pjtt 2? dmg dmgnn nnu, u, ljry ljryjw jwjg jg oblb oblbrf rfjj 8 ajrm/d ajr m/dmgn mgnnu, nu, cutm tjaugj tjaugjg g 4 :? ajrm, ajrm, imour imour gjsm`g gjsm`gji ji 4 :8 ajrm, mzm mzmg g sjlmt sjlmt kjijd : tjaug 4 3 ajrm, lbtmkjlajkmrjg kjijd : tjaug kbgnjg jijsjg ijmg 4 3 ajrm, fjd lbrfj pbr ajrm 4 > fjd.

 

 o.

Fudija rbsbp rbs bp rjwjt fjijg pbr ouijg 4 :255, fudija rbsbp yjgn kml`ghmrdjsm lb k`ltbr/jsurjgsm k`ltbr/jsurjgsm pbr ouijg 4 ?5, `ojt rjcmljg rjwjt fjijg pbr ouijg 4 ?85, `ojt g`g rjcmljg rjwjt fjijg pbr ouijg 4 :?;5

c.

Stjgkjr obojg lbr brffj (db (dbgurut S@U) obro robbkj kjrm wjltu rb rbjji yjgn kmpbriuljg pbr pblbrfjjg (dbgmt)

k.

Kjtj Kjtj lbnmj lbnmjtjg tjg ugtul ugtul dbgnam dbgnamtug tugn n stjgk stjgkjr jr lbi` lbi`gnn gnnjrjg jrjg Mgstji Mgstjijsm jsm Hjrd Hjrdjsm jsm 6

L`kb Hjlt`r J Ajrm Lbrfj (8 ajrm/dmgnnu) O Ajrm imour gjsm`gji + Cutm obrsjdj C Cutm tjaugjg K Sjlmt B Lbtmkjl Ajkmrjg Lbrfj H ^jltu Lbrfj [`tji ^jltu Ajrm Lbrfj 4 {J-(O+C+K+B)} ^jltu Lbrfj [brsbkmj 4 {J-(O+C+K+B)xH} [`tj [` tjii wjlt wjltu u lb lbrf rfj j tbrs tbrsbk bkmj mj

Fudija 3:? :8 :? 3 3 > ?>1 :=;8 :: ::8> 8>85 85

Lbtbrjgnjg Ajrm/tjaug Ajrm/tjaug Ajrm/tjaug Ajrm/tjaug Ajrm/tjaug Fjd/ajrm Ajrm/tjaug Fjd/tjaug Dbgm Dbgmt/ t/tj tjau aug g

K. Ubdojajsjg Ubdojajsjg Ljsus Ljsus km Mgstjijsm Mgstjijsm Hjrdjsm Hjrdjsm Uuslbsdjs Uuslbsdjs Ljijgnjgyj Ljijgnjgyjr  r  Ubgnamtugnjg SKD lbsbajtjg dbgurut Lbputusjg Dbgtbrm Lbsbajtjg _M  G`. 1: tjaug ?55; dbgfbijsljg tbgtjgn pr`sbkur pbgnamtugnjg SKD lbsbajtjg kbgnjg dbt`kb ^MSG (^`rl ( ^`rl I`jk Mgkmcjt`r Stjhh Gbbk / Lboutuajg SKD Lbsbajtjg Obrkjsjrljg Mgkmljt`r Obojg Lbrfj). Ujkj kjsjrgyj ^MSG kjpjt kmnugjljg km Uuslbsdjs, _udja Sjlmt kjg sjrjgj lbsbajtjg ijmggyj. Jkjpug ijgnlja pbramtugnjg lboutuajg SKD obrkjsjrljg ^MSG mgm dbimputm 2 ijgnlja, yjmtu 6 :.

Dbgb Dbgbtj tjpl pljg jg ^jlt ^jltu u Lbrf Lbrfj j [brs [brsbk bkmj mj

Dbgbtjp Dbg btjpljg ljg wjltu wjltu lbrfj lbrfj tbrsbk tbrsbkmj mj tufujg tufujggyj gyj jkjija jkjija ug ugtul tul dbdpbr dbdpbr`ib `iba a wjltu lbrfj tbrsbkmj djsmgn-djsmgn ljtbn`rm SKD yjgn oblbrfj km Uuslbsdjs sbijdj lurug wjltu sjtu tjaug (Kbplbs _M ?55;). Ajsmi pbramtugnjg ^jltu Lbrfj [brsbkmj (^L[) ugtul ljryjwjg Mgstjijsm Hjrdjsm Uuslbsdjs Uuslbsdjs Lbcjdj Lbcjdjtjg tjg Ljijgnjgyj Ljijgnjgyjrr jkjija ?>1 ajrm/tjaug ajrm/tjaug jtju :=;8  fjd/tjaug jtju ::.8>85 dbgmt/tjaug kmsjfmljg pjkj tjobi kmojwja mgm6

^jltu lbrfj tbrsbkmj 4 {J-(O+C+K+B) x H} L`kb J

Hjlt`r Ajrm Lbrfj (8 ajrm/dmgnnu)

Fudija 3:?

Lbtbrjgnjg Ajrm/tjaug

 

O Ajrm imour gjsm`gji + Cutm obrsjdj C Cutm tjaugjg K Mzmg Sjlmt B Lbtmkjl Ajkmrjg Lbrfj H ^jltu Lbrfj [`tji ^jltu Ajrm Lbrfj 4 {J-(O+C+K+B)} ^jltu Lbrfj [brsbkmj 4 {J-(O+C+K+B)xH} [`tj [` tjii wjlt wjltu u lb lbrf rfj j tbrs tbrsbk bkmj mj ?. Dbgbt gbtjplj pljg

kmst mstrmou mousm

wjltu ltu

:8 :? 3 3 > ?>1 :=;8 :: ::8> 8>85 85

jlt jltmv mvmt mtj js

Ajrm/tjaug Ajrm/tjaug Ajrm/tjaug Ajrm/tjaug Fjd/ajrm Ajrm/tjaug Fjd/tjaug Dbgm Dbgmt/ t/tj tjau aug g

Mg Mgsstj tjij ijsm sm

Hjr Hjrdjsm djsm

Uuslbsdjs ( L`dp`gbg Obojg Lbrfj, Stjgkjr Lbnmjtjg, Stjgkjr Obojg Lbrfj/Stjgkjrk ^`rli`jk (S^) )

Jrbj Ublbrfjjg

Ubijyjgjg _bsbp _jwjt Fjijg

Kbslrmpsm

^jltu yjgn kmpbriuljg pbr pblbrfjjg

[`tji wjltu yjgn kmpbriuljg pbr ouijg (?8 ajrm) kjijd fjd

wjltu yjgn kmpbriuljg pbr pblbrfjjg pbr tjaug (dbgmt)

Stjgkjr wjltu yjgn kmpbriuljg (S@U)

  =5.555   ?.;55   2;.555   =5.555   38.555   ;;.8;5   :1.555   ;8.155   =8.555

2

pbrdmgtjjg ojrjgn lb nukjgn hjrdjsm kjg pbgymdpjgjg

Sbrja tbrmdj Xjlsmg

lboutuaj g tbgjnj

Dbgm t

Fudija/ oig

[`tji (dbgmt)

Xbrmhmljsm _bsbp

2

:255

>255

:?2

L`ghmrdjsm rbsbp lb k`ltbr/jsurjgsm

:5

?5

?55

3

Mgput ajrnj rbsbp

3

:255

;255

>2

Dbgymjpljg `ojt kjg btmlbt

2

:255

>255

:?2

Ubrmlsj `ojt-rbsbpg`tj

?

:255

3555

25

 pbgymjpjg `ojt g`grjcmljg

3

:?;5

3>?5

8?

Ubgybrjajg `ojt lb  pjsmbg

:

:255

:255

?2

:2

?85

3=55

82

:

1555

1555

:33

:2

?8

3=5

>

  ;.815

:5

  ::.8>8

5,;

35

?8

>15

:3

  =.385

35

  3.1=?

?,;

35

?8

>15

:3

  =.385

35

  3.1=?

?,;

:5

:3

:35

?

Sbrja tbrmdj vjlsmg kbgnjg pbrjwjt

2

:3

82

:

Dbgnbdojimljg

:5

:3

:35

?

Ubgymjpjg `ojt Rpkjtb ljrtu st`l djguji

Stjgkjr Obojg Lbrfj

rjcmljg Mgput ojrjgn djsul  kjg ojrjgn lbiujr  Dbgbrmdj ojrjgn hjrdjsm kjrm Nukjgn Hjrdjsm Dbgymdpjg ojrjgn hjrdjsm Dbrjpmljg ibdjrm kjg rujgnjg hjrdjsm Dbgymjpljg vjlsmg ugtul U`imlimgml 

  :.285   >15  

 

:5 ? ; : 2 :

:5 :

> 3 >

  ?3.32?   ::.8>8   21.315   ?=.:=5   ::8.>85   ?3.32?   ::8.>85   ::.8>8   ::8.>85

  :8.815   31.=?5  

3,= 5,? 5,= 3,: 5,3 :,= 5,?

;,5 5,1

5,: 5,5 5,:

 

vjlsmg lb luiljs `ojt St`cl @pgjdb Ouijgjg

:.285

Dbgnamtugn fudija `ojt, BK kjg ojtca

?

2555

:5555

:8>

pbrdmgtjjg ojrjgn lb _udja sjllt

dbgnauougnm jp`tbl 

2

?

:5

5

ijmg jtju pbdobimjg lb jp`tbl iujr

lb Jp`tbl tbrsbout dbgbrmdj ojrjgn hjrdjsm kjrm lurmr 

:2

?

35

:

2

?

:5

5

  :?5.555   :?5  

dbgnjdomi ojrjgn

385   :?5

:8.815 3 3

?5 2

  31.=?5

3,:

  31.=?5  

5,5

2.131   ?3.32?

5,: 5,5

 

Fudija

2?:;2

[`tji lboutuaj g tbgjnj 4?3,1;

  8?2.>;5

18=,51

3. Hjlt`r Hjlt`r lbi`gnn lbi`gnnjr jrjg/ jg/jii jii`wb `wbgcb gcb hjct` hjct`rr

Lbnmjtjg

_jpjt Kmslusm Ormbhmgn Ubgnjfmjg ouijgjg Dbgbrmdj lugfugnjg UOH Dbrbljp ijp`rjg ouijgjg

Ijdj lbnmjtjg

Hrblubgsm pbr tjaug

(dbgmt) :?5 35 :2 :2 35 85 [`tji

(ljim) :? :? ;1 2 :? ?;

[`tji lboutuajg wjltu (dbgmt) :;;5 385 >?5 >2 385 :;;5

Lboutuajg tbgjnj (tbgjnj)

5,5:? 5,553 5,558 5,55: 5,553 5,5:? 5,531

LB[B_JGNJG

_jpjt Kmslusm Ormbhmgn Ubgnjfmjg Ouijgjg Dbgbrmdj lugfugnjg UOH Dbrbljp ijp`rjg ouijgjg

? `rjgn ? `rjgn ? `rjgn ? `rjgn : `rjgn : `rjgn

Stjgkjr lbi`gnnjrjg jkjija stjgkjr jltmvmtjs pjkj jltmvmtjs pbgugfjgn kjg tjdojajg yjgn tbrkmrm kjrm kuj fbgms yjmtu Cjtbn`ry Jii`wjgcb Stjgkjrk (CJS) kjg  Mgkmvmkuji Jii`wjgcb Stjgkjrk (MJS). (MJS). CJ CJS S kmnugjljg ugtul dbgnamtugn wjltu kjrm jltmvmtjs yjgn kmijluljg `iba sbiurua stjh kjijd sujtu ljtbn`rm yjgn

 

kmgyjt kmg yjtjlj jljg g kjijd kjijd pbrsbg pbrsbgtjsb tjsb wjltu lbrfj lbrfj sbkjgn sbkjgnljg ljg  MJS kmnu kmnugjljg gjljg ugtul  dbgnamtugn wjltu kjrm jltmvmtjs yjgn tmkjl kmijluljg `iba sbiurua stjh kjijd sujtu ljtbn`rm kjg kmgyjtjljg kjijd wjltu lbrfj jltuji. Hjlt`r Hjl t`r lbi`gn lbi`gnnjr njrjg jg tbrkmr tbrkmrmm kjrm kjrm Cjt Cjtbn` bn`ry ry Jii`wj Jii`wjgcb gcb Hjct`r Hjct`r (CJH) (CJH) kjg  Mgkmvmkuji Jii`wjgcb Hjct`r (MJH). Lbkuj hjlt`r mgm kmamtugn sbcjrj tbrpmsja. CJH dbr dbrupj upjljg ljg hjlt`r hjlt`r pbgnji pbgnjimm yjgn yjgn kmpbriu kmpbriuljg ljg ugtul ugtul dbgnam dbgnamtug tugn n fudija fudija tbgjnj lbrfj yjgn kmpbriuljg ugtul dbijlsjgjljg jltmvmtjs pbijyjgjg lbsbajtjg kjg pbgugfjgn sbkjgnljg MJH sbkjgnljg MJH dbrupjljg fudija tbgjnj lbrfj yjgn kmoutualjg ugtul dbijluljg jltmvmtjs tjdojajg. _udus yjgn kmnugjljg ugtul dbgbgtuljg CJH kjg MJH yjmtu 6 CJH 4 :/{:-([`tji CJS/:55)} MJH 4 [`tji MJS/J^[

Kjtj Kj tj yjgn yjgn ljdm ljdm kjpj kjpjtt kmlj kmljtb tbn` n`rm rmlj ljg g stjg stjgkj kjrr lb lbi` i`gn gnnj njrj rjg g CJS yjmtu kmnugjljg ugtul dbgnamtugn wjltu kjrm jltmvmtjs yjgn kmijluljg `iba sbiurua stjh pjkj tjobi km ojwja mgm.

CJS

:,?33 _jpjt

:;;5/::8>85x:55%

% 5,351

Kmslusm

385/::8>85x:55%

% 5,8:>

Ormbhmgn

>?5/::8>85x:55%

% 5,58;

Ubgnjfmjg Ouijgjg

>2/::8>85x:55%

% ?,??3

[`tji CJS MJS Dbgbrmdj lugfugnjg UOH Dbrbljp ijp`rjg uijgjg CJH CJH 4 :/( /(: : - ([ ([`t `tji ji CJS CJS 6

:55)) CJH 4 :/(:-(?,??3 6:55)) CJH 4 :,5?3

% [`tji

385 x : `rjgn :;;5 x : `rjgn

385 :;;5

:155

 

MJH4 [`tji MJS/J^[ MJH4:155/::8>85

MJH45,5:2 ;. Ubramtugnjg

Lboutuajg

[bgjnj

Ubr

Rgmt

Lbrfj

Ajsmi ^MSG ([bgjnjLbrfj x CJH) + MJH (?3,1;x:.5?3)+ 5.5:2

?;,;53 ?; @rjgn

Lboutuajg [bgjnj Lbrfj Stjgkjr Lbi`gnnjrjg [`tji Lboutuajg [bgjnj Lbrfj

?; @rjgn ? @rjgn ?? @rjgn

Ajsmi smi ^MSG ^MSG Ubrobkjjg [bgjnj [bgj nj Lbrfj Lbrfj Aj

^MSG

(O) ?; @rjgn

(J/O) 5,513

yjgn Jkj (J) ? @rjgn

(J-O) -??

_jtm` Lbtbrjgnjg _jtm` 9 : obrjrtm lblurjgnjg lblur jgnjg tbgjnj tbgjnj lbrfj

Lbtbrjgnjg6

Ubgybojo 6 :. Lurjgngyj Lurjgngyj [[L kjg Jp`tblbr Jp`tblbr kmsbojo kmsbojoljg ljg yjgn rbsmng rbsmng ?. _bsbp yjgn yjgn kmlbrfjlj kmlbrfjljg g tbrn`i`gn tbrn`i`gn obriboma obriboma/ojgyj /ojgyjl l ugtul [[L yjgn yjgn ajgyj ajgyj ? `rjgn Jlmojtgyj/Kjdpjl Jlmojtgyj/Kjd pjl 6 

:. _bsb _bsbp p yjg yjgn obri obribo boma ma dbg dbgyboj ybojo olj ljg g wjlt wjltu u tu tugn gnn nu ij ijdj dj sb sba amg mgn nnj dbgurugljg lbpujsjg pbijgnnjg ?. _bsml` jkjgy jkjgyjj Dbkmcjtm`g Dbkmcjtm`g Brr`r Brr`r sbamgnnj sbamgnnj dbgurugl dbgurugljg jg dutu dutu pbijyjgjg pbijyjgjg

 

3. [bljgjg [bljgjg pblbrfj pblbrfjjg jg tbgjnj tbgjnj lbhjrdjsmjg lbhjrdjsmjg yjgn tmgnnm tmgnnm _bl`dbgkjsm 6

Dbgjdojal Dbgjd ojaljg jg tbgjnj lbhjrdjsmjg dbrupjljg dbrupjljg pmimajg pmimajg sjtu sjtugyj sjtugyj yjgn kjpjt kmtbrjpljg km URSLBSDJS Ljijgnjgyjr Rgtu Rg tul l dbgn dbgnam amtu tugn gn fu fudi dija ja lb lbou outu tuaj ajg g tb tbgj gjnj nj lb lbhj hjrd rdjs jsmjg mjg,, kj kjtj tj yj yjgn gn kmoutualjg jkjija wjltu lbrfj yjgn tbrsbkmj, kmstrmousm wjltu jltmvmtjs, stjgkjr   obojg lbrfj, stjgkjr lbi`gnnjrjg, kjg lujgtmtjs lbnmjtjg p`l`l sbijdj lurug wjltu sjtu tjaug jtju wjltu yjgn kmpbriuljg ugtul dbijluljg sjtu lbnmjtjg kjijd sjtu tjaug. [jobi kmjtjs dbgugfulljg fudija tbgjnj lbhjrdjsmjg yjgn kmou kmoutu tual aljg jg sb sbrt rtjj rj rjsm sm` ` ^MSG ^MSG.. Uj Ujkj kj oj ojnm nmjg jg mg mgst stji jijs jsmm hj hjrd rdjs jsmm Uusl Uuslbs bsdj djss Lbcjdjt Lbcj djtjg jg Ljijgn Ljijgnjgy jgyjr jr fudija fudija tbgjnj tbgjnj lbrfj lbrfj yjgn yjgn kmoutu kmoutualj aljg g obiud obiud sbsujm sbsujm kbgnjg lboutuajg, ljrbgj pjkj puslbsdjs tbrsbout djsma lblurjgnjg fudija tbgjnj lbrfjkm ojnmjg sbojgyjl ?? `rjgn. _jsm` ^MSG dbrupjljg sujtu ulurjg ’pbgnnjgtm— ojnm tbljgjg lbrfj yjgn kmji kmjijd jdmm tbgj tbgjnj nj lb lbhjr hjrdj djsm smjg jg kj kjij ijd d dbij dbijlu lulj ljg g pb pblb lbrf rfjj jjg g lb lbhjr hjrdj djsm smjg jg km  puslbsdjs. _jsm` fudija tbgjnj lbhjrdjsmjg kmamtugn kbgnjg dbdojgkmgnljg  fudija tbgjnj yjgn jkj sbljrjgn kbgnjg fudija tbgjnj yjgn kmoutualjg sbsujm kbgnjg pbramtugnjg ^MSG. Kbgnjg kbdmlmjg rjsm` ^MSG tbgjnj lbhjrdjsmjg  pjkj mgstjijsm hjrdjsm Uuslbsdjs Lbcjdjtjg Ljijgnjgyjr jkjija 5,513 yjgn  obrjrtm 9: kjg kbgnjg sbimsma ?? `rjgn. Dbgurut ^MSG gmijm rjsm` yjgn lurjgn kjrm sjtu obrjrtm dbgugfulljg ojawj sbdjlmg lbcmi rjsm` ^MSG, djlj sbdjlmg  obsjr tbljgjg obojg lbrfj. _jsm` ^MSG yjgn lbcmi dbgugfulljg ojawj fudija tbgjnj sjjt mgm iboma lbcmi kjrmpjkj yjgn kmoutualjg. Dbgnbgjm kjtj obojg lbrfj mgstjijsm hjrdjsm Uuslbsdjs Ljijgnjgyjr yjgn km`ija kbgnjg pbramtugnjg ^MSG fudija tbgjnj lbrfj obiud sbsujm jgtjrj obojg lbrfj kbgnjg tbgjnj lbrfjgyj ljrbgj lblurjgnjg tbgjnj lbrfj kbgnjg obojg lbrfj sbkbdmlmjg rupj sbsujm kbgnjg ajsmi wjwjgcjrj ljdm lbpjkj tbgjnj hjrdjsm yjgn  obrtunjs km puslbsdjs Ljijgnjgyjr yjgn dbgnjtjljg ojawj tbrkpjt lbgkjij kj kjij ijd d lb lbtb tbrsb rsbkm kmjjg jjg SKD SKD km pu pusl slbsd bsdjs js tb tbrsb rsbou outt sbamg sbamgnn nnjj dbrb dbrblj lj oj ojgy gyjl  jl  dbrjgnljp pblbrfjjg. Sjrjg kjrm ljdm ugtul dbgnjtjsm lbtmkjlsbsujmjg tbgjnj lbrfj yjgn jkj km puslbsdjs puslbsdjs tbrsbout djlj kjpjt kmijluljg kmijluljg pbgjdojajg pbgjdojajg tbgjnj lbrfj yjgn sbsujm kbgnjg lboutuajg yjgn kmpbriuljg km ojnmjg mgstjijsm hjrdjsm Uuslbsdjs Lbcjdjtjg Ljijgnjgyjr.

 

B. Kjtj Kjtj [jdo [jdoja jajg jg :. U`ij `ij lbtb lbtbgj gjn njjg jjg km mgst mgstji jijs jsmm hj hjrd rdjs jsmm (j (jpj pj sj sjfj fj pr pr`h `hbs bsmg mgyj yj kjg ob obrj rjpj pj  fudijagyj) Fudija tbgjnj lbrfj hjrdjsm km Uuslbsdjs Ljijgnjgyjr obrfudija ? `rjgn yj yjgn gn tbija tbija dbgb dbgbdp dpua ua fbgf fbgfjg jgn n K3 hj hjrd rdjsm jsm kj kjg g g` g`g g UGS. UGS. Sj Sjija ija sj sjtu tugy gyjj dbrupjljg dbrup jljg lbpjij hjrdjsm. hjrdjsm. Uuslbsdjs Uuslbsdjs Ljijgnjgyjr Ljijgnjgyjr obrkjsjrljg obrkjsjrljg UDL ;3 [ja jau ug

?5:= 5:=

dbr brup upjl jljg jg Uusl Uuslbs bsdj djss

kbs bsjj

g`g `grj rjwj wjtt

mg mgjp jp fj fjkm km tmkj tmkjl  l 

dbgybkmjljg samht djijd. ?. _jtj – rjtj wjltu wjltu pbijyjg pbijyjgjg jg rbsbp rbsbp (rjcmljg (rjcmljg kjg kjg g`grjcm g`grjcmljg) ljg) Kjrm ajsmi pbgnjdjtjg kjg wjwjgcjrj kbgnjg tbgjnj hjrdjsm, rjtj – rjtj wjltu pbijyjgjg rbsbp rjcmljg jkjija :2 dbgmt kjg rbsbp g`grjcmljg jkjija 3 dbgmt 3. Lbpu Lbpujs jsjg jg pbijg pbijgnn nnjg jg (pjsm (pjsmbg bg)) Lbpujsjg pbijgnnjg kmijluljg dbgnnugjljg lumsm`gbr OUFS, l`tjl sjrjg kjg  obrkjsjrljg fudija l`mg ;. Dbkm Dbkmcj cjtm tm`g `g br brr` r`rr Kjrm ajsmi wjwjgcjrj ljdm tmkjl jkj lbfjkmjg dbkmcjtm`g brr`r ljrbgj km Uuslbsdjs Lbcjdjtjg Ljijgnjgyjr Ubijyjgjggyj kmijluljg k`uoib cbl. 2. [mgn [mgnlj ljtt strb strbss ljr ljryj yjwj wjg g [bgj [b gjnj nj hjrdj hjrdjsm sm km pu pusl slbsd bsdjs js lj ljij ijgn gnjg jgyj yjrr dbgn dbgnbiu biual aljg jg jk jkjg jgyj yj ob oboj ojg g  pblbrfjjg tbrutjdj pjkj pbdoujtjg ijp`rjg (sbpbrtm ijp`rjg tjaugjg mgspblt`rjt), kjg funj pbrsmjpjg jlrbkmtjsm 8. Ubrdjsjijajg Ubrdjsjijajg yjgn kmajkjpm kmajkjpm mgstjijsm mgstjijsm hjrdjsm hjrdjsm sjjt mgm Ubrdjsjijajg yjgn kmajkjpm Uuslbsdjs Ljijgnjgyjr sjjt mgm jkjija tmkjl  jkjgyj

Jp`tblbr

dbgn db gnl` l``r `rkm kmgj gjsml smljg jg

kjg

lurjgngyj

SKD

pb pbgn gnbi bi`i `ijjg jjg pb pbro robl blji jijg jg

yjgn hjrdj hjrdjsm sm

dbdojgtu

kjijd

kj kjg g

tb tbrl rljm jmtt

fu funj nj

 pbrdjsjijajg pbijyjgjg hjrdjsm limgms. >. Ubgm Ubgmgn gnlj ljtj tjg g lwji lwjimt mtjs js SKD SKD [brgnj lbhjrdjsmjg dbgnmlutm pbijtmajg sbpbrtm sbdmgjr ojml yjgn kmjkjljg kmkjijd puslbsdjs jtju iujr puslbsdjs. 1. Ubdb Ubdbim imaj ajrjj rjjg g tbgj tbgjnj nj lbrf lbrfjj

 

Dbdobrmljg rbwjrk lbpjkj tbgjnj lbrfj lbhjrdjsmjg ugtul dbdpbrtjajgljg tbgj tbgjnj nj lb lbrf rfjj yj yjgn gn ob obrl rluj ujim imtjs tjs.. Dbdb Dbdbgu guam am aj ajll-aj ajl l lj ljry ryjw jwjg jg sbpbrt sbpbrtmm tugfjgnjg ajrm rjyj, l`dugmljsm kjg ijmg-ijmg. Ubdbimajrjjg Ubdbi majrjjg l`gkmsm l`gkmsm lbsbajtjg lbsbajtjg ljryjwjg ljryjwjg obrupj obrupj pbdbrmlsjjg pbdbrmlsjjg lbsbajtjg lbsbajtjg hmsml sbpbrtm pbdbrmlsjjg lbsbajtjg (ljkjr niul`sj kjrja, l`ibstbr`i, tbljgjg kjrja, kjr ja,

jsjd urjt). urjt). Ubdobr Ubdobrmjg mjg duitmv duitmvmtjd mtjdmg mg ugtul ugtul dbgugf dbgugfjgn jgn lbsbajtj lbsbajtjg g

ljryjwjg, kjg pbdobrmjg Jijt Ubimgkugn Kmrm yjgn sbsujm kbgnjg lboutuajg  pblbrfjjg.

H. Ubram Ubramtug tugnj njg g Kjtj Kjtj Kjmi Kjmiy y I` I`n n ^jlt ^j ltu u yjgn yjgn kmpbri kmpbriulj uljg g

[`tji

pbr pblbrfjjg

wjltu

wjltu

yjgn

kmpbriuljg

kmpbriulj

pbr pblbrfjjg

Kbslrmpsm Dbgmt

Fudija [`tji /oig

(dbgmt)

g

pbr pbr

ouijg

(dbgmt)

kjijd fjd

Dbgnmlutm

D`rgmgn

Ormbhmgn Dbd Db dpbrs pbrsmj mjp pljg ljg

jijt jijt

lbrfj Dbgymjpljg Dbgym jpljg lboutuajg lboutuajg vjlsmg, `ojt, ODAU Xbrmhmljsm _bsbp L`ghmrdjsm

rbsbp

:2

?8

3=5

8,2

;.815

:2

?8

3=5

8,2

;.815

85

?8

:285

?8

:1.>?5

2

:255

>255

:?2

=5.555

:5

?5

?55

3,33

?.;55

:255

;255

>2

2;.555

:255

>255

:?2

=5.555

:255

3555

25

38.555

:?;5

3>?5

8?

;;.8;5

?85

3=55

82

;8.155

:255

:255

?2

:1.555

lbk`ltbr/jsurjgsm Mgput ajrnj rbsbp 3 Dbgy Db gymj mjpl pljg jg `ojt `ojt kjg kjg 2 btmlbt Ubrmlsj `ojt-rbsbp-g`tj ? Ubgymjp jpjjg `ojt g`g 3 rjcmljg Ubgymjpjg `o `ojt rj rjcmljg Ubgybrjajg

@ojt

:2

lb :

yjgn

tjaug

[`tji wjltu yjgn kmpbriuljg pbrtjaug kjijd fjd

>1 >1 3:? :255 ;5 =55 :255 855 >;; >15 355

 

 pjsmbg Mgput ojrjgn djsul kjg  ojrjgn lbiujr  Dbgbrmdj hjrd hjrdjs jsmm

kjrm kjrm

Hjrdjsm Dbgymdpjg

:

1555

1555

:33,3

=8555

?8

3=5

8,2

;.815

:855

ojrjgn Nukj Nukjg gn :2 ojrjgn

hjrdjsm Dbrj Db rjpm pmlj ljg g ibdjr ibdjrmm kj kjg g rujgnjg hjrdjsm Dbgymjpljg vjl jlsm smg g ugtul U`imlimgml  Sbrja rja tbrmdj vjlsmg kbgnjg pbrjwjt Dbgnbdojim Dbgnb dojimljg ljg vjlsmg lb luiljs `ojt

>1 35

?8

>15

:3

=.385

35

?8

>15

:3

=.385

:5

:3

:35

?,:>

:285

2

:3

82

:,51

>15

:5

:3

:35

?,:>

:285

2555

:5.555

:88,>

:?5.555

?

;5

5,>

;15

?

:5

5,:>

:?5

?8

>15

:3

=.385

Dbgnamtugn fudija ? `ojt, BK kjg ojtca  pbrdmgtjjg ojrjgn jtju ?5  pbdobimjg dbgbrmdj ojrjgn 2 hjrdjsm kjrm lurmr  MSA@DJ 35 [`tji

:28 :28 ?8 :3 ?8 ?555 1 ? :28 ::.523

Obrkjsjrljg stukm imtbrjtur yjgn ljdm kjpjtljg, kjmiy i`n dbrupjljg sjija sjtu sjt u dbt` dbt`kb kb dbgb dbgbgt gtul uljg jg st stjg jgkj kjrr ob oboj ojg g lb lbrfj rfj km kmdj djgj gj `r `rjg jgn n yj yjgn gn km kmtb tbimt imtmm dbguimsljg sbgkmrm lbnmjtjg kjg wjltu yjgn kmnugjljg ugtul lbnmjtjg tbrsbout (ajsmi tbrijdpmr). Kjrm ajsmi pbramtugnj pbramtugnjg g kjmiy i`n kmpbr`iba kmpbr`iba t`tji lboutuajg lboutuajg tbgjnj hjrdjsm sbojgyjl 2 `rjgn pjkj Mgstjijsm Hjrdjsm Uuslbsdjs Ljijgnjgyjr. Ubramtugnjg lboutuajg tbgjnj [`tji wjltu wjlt u lbrfj yjgn kmoutualjg kmo utualjg pbr p br tjaug [`tji wjltu lbrfj tbrsbkmj pbr tjaug x > fjd x :? ouijg )    

4

::.523 fjd ?.:1; fjd (?8 ajrm

4 4

2,52 `rjgn

2 `rjgn

 

OJO X LBSMDURIJG

Ubijyjgjg Ubijyj gjg lbhjrdjsmjg lbhjrdjsmjg km Uuslbsdjs Uuslbsdjs Ljijgnjgyjr Ljijgnjgyjr dbdmimlm SKD tbrkmrm kjrm ? `rjgn K3 Hjrdjsm g`g UGS, Sjtu `rjgn sbojnjm lbpjij ojnmjg sbljimnus l``rkmgjt`r l``rk mgjt`r kjg funj dbijluljg dbijluljg pbijyjgjg pbijyjgjg lbhjrdjsmjg kjg sjtu `rjgn obrtunjs obrtunjs dbdojg dbd ojgtu tu pbijyj pbijyjgjg gjg lbhjrd lbhjrdjsmj jsmjg g kjg dbdouj dbdoujtt ijp`rj ijp`rjg. g. Ajsmi Ajsmi pbramt pbramtugn ugnjg jg jgjimsj jgj imsj obojg obojg lbrfj lbrfj dbg dbgnnu nnugjl gjljg jg dbt`kb dbt`kb ^MSG ^MSG km Uuslbs Uuslbsdjs djs Ljijgn Ljijgnjgy jgyjr  jr  kmpb kmpbr` r`ib iba a fu fudi dija ja tbgj tbgjnj nj yj yjgn gn kmou kmoutu tual aljg jg km Mg Mgstj stjij ijsm sm Hj Hjrd rdjsm jsm Uusl Uuslbsd bsdjs js Ljijgnjgyjr yjmtu ?; `rjgn. Sbkjgnljg fudja tbgjnj lbrfj yjgn tbrsbkmj jkjija ? `rjgn. Sbamgnnj tbrfjkm lblurjgnjg tbgjnj hjrdjsm sbojgyjl ?? `rjgn. Jkjpug ajsmi pbramtugnjg tbgjnj lbrfj kbgnjg dbgnnugjljg dbt`kb kjmiy i`n   kmpbr` kmpbr`iba iba t`tji t`tji lboutu lboutuajg ajg tbgjnj tbgjnj hjrdjsm hjrdjsm 2 `rjgn, `rjgn, kbgnjg kbgnjg fudija fudija tbgjnj tbgjnj hjrdjsm yjgn tbrsbkmj yjmtu ? `rjgn. Djlj, sbimsma lboutuajg tbgjnj hjrdjsm yjgn kmpbr`iba kjrm ajsmi pbramtugnjg kjmiy i`n  lblurjgnjg  lblurjgnjg 3 `rjgn tbgjnj hjrdjsm. Ubrojgkmgnjg kjrm lbkuj dbt`kb tbrsbout yjmtu pbramtugnjg jgjimsj obojg lbrfj dbgnnugljg dbt`kb kjmiy i`n iboma sbkbrajgj kjg iboma dukja kjrm pjkj dbt`kb ^MSG, gjdug dbt`kb ^MSG iboma jlurjt ljrbgj pbramtugnjg yjgn iboma kbtjmi, sbamgnnj dbgurut ljdm pbramtugnjg yjgn kmnugjljg kjijd pbramtugnjg mgm sbsujm kbgnjg pbramtugnjg pjkj kjtj ^MSG kmdjgj tbgjnj lbrfj jtju SKD km  puslbsdjs lbcjdjtjg ljijgnjgyjr yjgn djsma ojgyjl lblurjgnjg sbamgnnj tbgjnj hjrdjsm km puslbsdjs tbrsbout obrkjsjrljg wjwjgcjrj yjgn tbija ljdm ijluljg ojgyjl dbijluljg rjgnljp kjijd lbrfj kmdjgj pbtunjs nukjgn hjrdjsm  funj dbdojgtu kjijd pbijyjgjg km mgstjijsm hjrdjsm puslbsdjs.

 

KJH[J_ URS[JLJ

Kbpjrtbdbg Kbpjrt bdbg Lbsbajtjg Lbsbajtjg _bpuoiml _bpuoiml Mgk`gbsmj. Mgk`gbsmj. ?55;. ?55;. Lbputusjg Lbputusjg Dbgtbrm Dbg tbrm Lbsbaj Lbsbajtjg tjg _bpuoi _bpuoiml ml Mgk`gb Mgk`gbsmj smj G`d`r6 G`d`r6 1:/ Dbgl Db glbs/ bs/ SL/ :/ ?5 ?55; 5; tbgt tbgtjg jgn n  Ubk`djg Ubgyusugjg  Ubrbgcjgjjg Sudobr Kjyj Djgusmj Lbsbajtjg km [mgnljt Ur`vmgsm, Ljoupjtbg/ L`tj sbrtj _udja Sjlmt. Fjljrtj6 Kbpjrtbdbg Lbsbajtjg _bpuoiml Mgk`gbsmj Ajsmou Ajsm oujg, jg, Djijyu Djijyu S.U. S.U. ?558. ?558. Djgjfbd Djgjfbdbg bg Sudobr Sudobr Kjyj Kjyj Djgusm Djgusmjj Bkmsm Bkmsm _bvmsm.Fjljrtj6 U[ Oudm Jlsjrj.

 

Miyjs, Miy js, ]jsims. ]jsims. ?55;. ?55;.  Ubrbgcjgjjg SKD _udja Sjlmt 6 [b`rm,  Dbt`kb kjg H`rduij. H`rduij. Kbp` Kbp`l6 l6 Hj Hjlu luit itjs js Lbsba Lbsbajt jtjg jg Djsyjrjljt, Rgmvbrsmtjs Mgk`gbsmj. Lbputusjg Dbgtbrm Lbsbajtjg G`d`r 1: [jaug ?55; [bgtjgn Ubk`djg Ubgyusugj Ubgyus ugjg g Ubrbgc Ubrbgcjgj jgjjg jg Sudobr Sudobr Kjyj Kjyj Djgusm Djgusmjj Lbsbajt Lbsbajtjg jg Km [mgnljt Ur`pmgsm, Ljoupjtbg/L`tj Sbrtj _udja Sjlmt Uuspmtj, J. S. (?5::). Jgjimsms Lboutuajg [bgjnj Kbgnjg Dbt`kb ^`rli`jk Mgkmcjt`r @h Stjhhmgn Gbbk (^MSG) Km Rgmt Ubij Ub ijtm tmaj ajg g

Kjg Kj g Ub Ubgn gnbd bdoj ojgn gnjg jg _u _udj dja a Sj Sjlm lmtt [b [bob obtt

Fjljrtj. Slrmpsm). Rgmvbrsmtjs Mgk`gbsmj, Kbp`l . [bwu [b wu,, D. B. (? (?5: 5:2) 2).. Ub Ubrjg rjgjg jg su sudo dobr br kj kjyj yj dj djgu gusm smjj kj kjij ijd d dbg bgmg mgnl nljt jtlj ljg g

jltm jl tmv vmt mtjs js

lbi` lb i`dp dp`l `l

[bdobr. Jctj [bdobr.  Jctj Kmurgj L`dugmljsm. L`dugmljsm.

tjg tj gm

km

Kbs bsjj

 

Ijdpmrjg H`rduimr Kjmiy I`n Gjdj

6 Kmgb Urmajtmgm

Rgmt Lbrfj

6 Mgstjijsm Hjrdjsm

Fjojtjg

6 [bgjnj [blgms Lbhjrdjsmjg Lbhjrdjsmjg (K3)

Ajrm/[jgnnji 6 ?/>/?5?: G`.

^jltu

Lbnmjtjg

[`tji ^jltu

Lbnmjtjg 51.55- 51.:2 51.: 51.:2 2 - 5=.3 .35 5

Dbgnmlutm D`rgmgn Ormbhmgn Dbdp Dbdpbr brsm smjp jpl ljg ji jijt jt lb lbrf rfjj kjg dbg bgbr brmd mdjj

5=.3 5=.35 5 – :5.3 :5.35 5

 ojrjgn hjrdjsm kjrm nukjgn Dbgy Dbgymd mdpj pjg g `ojt `ojt kjg ODAU ODAU kjg kjg dbrjp dbrjpml mljg jg ibdjrm kjg rujgn hjrdjsm Dbijluljg Ubijyjgjg _bsbp G`g _jcmljg

:5.35 – :?.35 :?.35 – :3.55 :3.55 – :;.55 :; :;.5 .55 5 – :2 :2.5 .55 5

Dbijluljg Ubijyjgjg _bsbp _jcmljg Msa`dj Mgput ojrjgn djsul & lbiujr Db Dbrjp rjpml mljg jg mg mgstj stjij ijsm sm hj hjrd rdjsm jsm,,  puijgn

L`tjl sjrjg lbpujsjg pbijgnnjg

(dbgmt) :2

:2 85 :15 35 85

pb pbrs rsmj mjpj pjg g

85

 

H`t` Imgnlugnjg puslbsdjs Ljijgnjgyjr

 

 

Imgnlugnjg iujr puslbsdjs

 

Ojnmjg hjrdjsm puslbsdjs