Kaplan Biochemistry

Kaplan Biochemistry Study online at quizlet.com/_ohuuf 1.

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What are the CT drugs that affect the S phase of the cell cycle?

5-Fluorouracil Methotrexate

What is the target of 5Fluorouracil?

Thymidilate synthase

what dos thymidilate synthase do?

convert dUMP to dTMP

What would you use 5Fluorouracil to treat?

Cancer- Solid Tissue dermatology- actinic keratosis

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what is methotrexate used to treat?

cancer rheumatoid arthritis

what does methotrexate do?

block duhydrofolate reductase

for what is DHFR important?

recycling of folic acid

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what drugs attack the G2 phase of the cell cycle?

Bleomycin

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what is bleomycin?

a chemotherapeutic agent used to treat Hodgkins lymphoma

What are the manifestations of bleomycin toxicity?

pulmonary fibrosis

what drug besides bleomycin causes pulmonary fibrosis?

amiodarone

which drugs block mitosis?

Paclitaxel vincristine, vinblastine

what type of drug is paclitaxel?

microtubule depolymerizer

what are the target of vincristine and vinblastine?

mitotic spindle

what are the non-cell cycle specific chemotherapeutic agents?

cyclophosphamide cisplatin

for what is cyclophosphamide used as treatment?

leukemia

what part of the cell cycle is blocked by cyclophosphamide?

nonspecific cell cycle inhibition

what is the purpose of gene expression?

produces all the proteins an organism requires

what is the purpose of DNA replication?

duplicates the chromosomes before cell division

how does gene expression differ among different tissues?

differs between tissues

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how does DNA replication differ between different tissues?

same for all tissues

what is the size of the genetic material generated in gene expression?

Transcription of DNA--> RNA copy of a small section of a chromosome. Average size of human gene = 10^4 - 10^5 nucleotide pairs

what is the size of the genetic material generated in DNA replication?

DNA copy of entire chromosome (average size of human chromosomes= 10^8 nucleotide pairs)

when does gene expression take place?

transcription occurs in the nucleus throughout interphase

when does DNA replication take place?

occurs during S phase

what is interphase?

all phases of the cell cycle except mitosis

where does translation take place?

in the cytoplasm

where does replication take place?

in the nucleus

how do you differentiate purines from pyrimidines?

purines have a bigger structure (2 ring) and a smaller name pyrimidines have a smaller structure (1 ring) and a longer name

how do you differentiate between adenine and guanine?

there is a deamination step Amino group from Adenine is deaminated to a ketone group on guanine

what converts adenine into guanine?

adenosine deaminase

what does deficiency of adenosine deaminase lead to?

severe combined immunodeficiency

what is the difference between cytosine and uracil?

Cytosine is deaminated to uracil (ketone)

does cytosine deamination happen physiologically?

no. cytosine deamination is a mutation that is corrected prior to completion of DNA replication

what is the difference between uracil and thymine?

thymine has a methyl group

what methylates uracil to form thymine?

thymidilate synthase

what is the polarity of DNA?

5' phosphate--> 3' hydroxyl group

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what type of bonds hold nucleotides together in DNA?

phosphodiester bonds