Jurnal PDF Bab 2

March 22, 2019 | Author: aldoartho | Category: N/A
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HPC-02 SISTEM HIDROLIK DENGAN KONTROL ELEKTROMEKANIK 

BAB II TEORI DASAR  II .1 Pengertian Sistem Hidrolik 

Siste Sistem m

hidr hidrol oli  i !d !d!!l!h

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2+ Alir!% Alir!%

Gambar 2.2.1 Alir!% l"id! L!mi%er  htt$::;;;+!s:limits;it(h+html

LABORATORI8M HIDROLIK 9 PNE8MATIK 3

HPC-02 SISTEM HIDROLIK DENGAN KONTROL ELEKTROMEKANIK 

II.13 Pressure -elie" 4al9e Pressure relief valve (PRV) adalah sebuah alat instrument yang bekerja saat adanya

over pressure pada

inlet nozzle. Di desain untuk terbuka secara

proporsional saat adanya abnormal (dalam hal ini

over pressure)

pada sebuah

plant dan akan menutup saat plant kembali normal (normal  pressure).

G!m!*!r II+3. Press"re Relie) !le http!!en."ikipedia.org!"iki!Relief#valve

II.1 8edan*a Arus Positi" Dan :egati" 

Ar"s $ositi) !d!l!h !tod! #!it" eletrod! d!l!m sel el!troimi! #!%& ter$ol!ris!si ,i! !r"s listri me%&!lir el"!r d!ri%#!+ P!d! *!ter!i *i!s! 4B!ter!i K!r*o%-Se%&6/ #!%& me%,!di !tod! !d!l!h se%&/ #!%& ,"&! me%,!di $em*"%&"s  *!ter!i+ Sed!%&!%/ $!d! *!ter!i !l!li%/ #!%& me%,!di !tod! !d!l!h m!%&!% diosid! 4M%O26+ Ar"s %e&!ti) !d!l!h !%od! #!it" *is! *er"$! lo&!m m!"$"% $e%&h!%t!r listri  l!i%/  $!d! sel eletroimi! #!%& ter$ol!ris!si ,i! !r"s listri me%&!lir e d!l!m%#!+ Ar"s listri me%&!lir *erl!;!%!% de%&!% !r!h $er&er!!% eletro%+ P!d!  $roses eletroimi!/ *!i sel &!l!%i4*!ter!i6 m!"$"% sel eletrolisis/ !%ode me%&!l!mi osid!si+ II.1$ Skema Sistem 0lektromekanik 

LABORATORI8M HIDROLIK 9 PNE8MATIK 20

HPC-02 SISTEM HIDROLIK DENGAN KONTROL ELEKTROMEKANIK 

G!m*!r II+3 NC 4Norm!ll# Close6 http://ele%troni%a&dasar.web.id/teori&relay&ele%tro& me%ani%/

D!ri o%str"si rel!i eletro me!%i di!t!s d!$!t di"r!i!% sistem er,! !t!" $roses rel!# *eer,!+ P!d! s!!t eletrom!&%et tid! di*eri!% s"m*er te&!%&!% m!! tid! !d! med!% m!&%et #!%& me%!ri !rm!t"re/ sehi%&&! s!l!r rel!# tet!$ terh"*"%& e termi%!l NC 4Norm!ll# Close6 se$erti terlih!t $!d! &!m*!r o%str"si di!t!s+ Kem"di!% $!d! s!!t eletrom!&%et di*eri!% s"m*er te&!%&!% m!! terd!$!t med!% m!&%et #!%& me%!ri !rm!t"re/ sehi%&&! s!l!r rel!# terh"*"%& e termi%!l NO 4Norm!ll# O$e%6 se$erti terlih!t $!d! &!m*!r di*!;!h+

G!m*!r II+3+3 NO 4Norm!ll# O$e%6 http://ele%troni%a&dasar.web.id/teori&relay&ele%tro& me%ani%/

II.1& Skema Sistem Hidrolik   Ada dua macam sistem hidrolik yang dikenal yaitu :

1. Sistem +erbuka.

D!l!m sistem i%i/ *il! !t"$ $e%&o%trol d!l!m e!d!!% %etr!l m!! LABORATORI8M HIDROLIK 9 PNE8MATIK 23

HPC-02 SISTEM HIDROLIK DENGAN KONTROL ELEKTROMEKANIK 

!lir!% mi%#! hidroli #!%& dih!sil!% $om$! l!%&s"%& diem*!li!% e t!%&i hidroli d!% *erh"*"%&!% l!%&s"%& de%&!% "d!r! l"!r se*el"m di$om$! l!&i+ P!d! s!!t it" !$!sit!s !lir!% mi%#! hidroli #!%& dih!sil!% $om$! me%(!$!i m!sim"m sed!%& te!%!%%#! mi%im"m 4!tm6+ Ke"%t"%&!% sistem i%i !%t!r! l!i% tid! mem*"t"h!% sistem  $e%&o%trol!% terh!d!$ !$!sit!s !lir!% $om$! d!% ,"&! $om$! #!%& di&"%!!% o%str"si%#! rel!ti) sederh!%!/ sehi%&&! sistem i%i eo%omis d!% m"d!h d!l!m $er!;!t!%%#!+

2. Sistem +ertutup

Bil! !t"$ $e%&o%trol d!l!m e!d!!% %etr!l m!! !lir!% oli #!%& dih!sil!% $om$! hidroli me%"," e sistem me%,!di tert"t"$ d!% tid!  *erh"*"%&!% l!%&s"%& de%&!% "d!r! l"!r 4!tmos)er6+ De%&!% demii!% m!! te!%!% !%t!r! $om$! d!% !t"$ $e%&o%trol !!% %!i s!m$!i *!t!s terte%t"+ Te!%!% terse*"t em"di!% di&"%!!% "%t" sistem $e%&o%trol!% sehi%&&! $om$! !!% *erhe%ti me%&!lir!% mi%#! hidroli e d!l!m sistem hidroli+ Ke"%t"%&!% sistem i%i !%t!r! l!i% d!$!t me%&h!sil!% &er!!% #!%& rel!ti) st!*il sehi%&&! tid! !!% ter,!di $e%"r"%!% &er!!%  $erle%&!$!% er,! #!%& dise*!*!% *el"m ter(!$!i%#! te!%!% mi%#! hidroli $!d! s!!t $i%d!h &er!!%+ Ad! d"! )!tor $oo #!%& me%e%t"!% er,! d!ri s"!t" sistem hidroli 3+ Alir!% oli 4)lo;6 #!%& di%#!t!!% d!l!m liter:me%it !t!" &!lo%  $er me%it 4&$m6 2+ Te!%!% 4$ress"re6 #!%& di%#!t!!% d!l!m &:(m2 !t!" $si 4$o"%d $er s"!re i%(h6 Ked"! )!tor terse*"t mem*eri!% i%di!si se%diriJse%diri/ )lo; !t!" !lir!% mem*eri!% i%di!si e(e$!t!%+ K!l!" !lir!% oli *ert!m*!h te%t" e(e$!t!% sili%der !t!" motor !!% *ert!m*!h $"l!/ *e&it" ,"&! se*!li%#!+ Te!%!% !t!" $ress"re !!% mem*eri!% i%di!si e"!t!% LABORATORI8M HIDROLIK 9 PNE8MATIK 22

HPC-02 SISTEM HIDROLIK DENGAN KONTROL ELEKTROMEKANIK 

!t!" &!#!+ 1!di !l!" te!%!% oli #!%& di $erl"!% tid! (""$ te%t" te%!&! #!%& dih!sil!% !!% *er"r!%& $"l!+

G!m*!r II+3= Hidroli Sistem htt$::;;;+mesi%$resshidroli+(om:sistem-er,!-hidroli:

II.1/ Aplikasi Di Industri

Hidroli! I%d"stri *i!s!%#! di&"%!!% "%t"   Mesi% Pl!sti 4$l!sti( m!(hi%es6  Mesi% Pres 4$ressi%& m!(hi%es6  Mesi% Ber!t 4he!# m!(hi%er#6  Mesi% Pe!!s  Mesi% $e%&",i!% t!ri/ dll+

Per!%&!t hidroli $!d! $!*ri *!,!/ Te%i Si$il d!% $"s!t $em*!%&it listri   8%t" K"%(i Ger*!%& d!% Be%d"%&!% 4Lo( &!tes !%d D!ms6  Per!l!t!% "%t" O$er!si 1em*!t!%  Bid!%& Pert!m*!%&!%  T"r*i%  P"s!t te%!&! N"lir/ dll+

Hidroli $!d! mesi% mo*il  Es!!tor d!% Cr!%e mo*il  Mesi% o%str"si  Mesi% "%t" $ert!%i!% LABORATORI8M HIDROLIK 9 PNE8MATIK 2.

HPC-02 SISTEM HIDROLIK DENGAN KONTROL ELEKTROMEKANIK 

 Mesi% Pe%("(i!% mo*il 4(!r ;!shi%&6  Ko%str"si mo*il 4sho( !*sor*er/ Po;er steeri%&6/ dll+

Hidroli $!d! $e%er!$!% te%i h"s"s  Teleso$  O$er!si A%te%!  Al!t $e%d!r!t!% d!% $e%&o%trol!% em"di $es!;!t  Mesi% h"s"s  Me,!-me,! o$er!si di r"m!h s!it/ dll+

Hidr!"li $!d! *id!%& $er!$!l!%  Pe%&o%trol em"di  Pi%t" !$!l 4r!m door6  1em*!t!% $e%#e*er!%&!% !$!l  Pe%!ri ,!%&!r/ dll+ Ri%&!s!% i%i tid! me%(!"$ sel"r"h *id!%& $e%er!$!% hidroli! !re%! ,e%is ,e%is mesi% #!%& dio$er!si!% se(!r! hidroli s!%&!t *!%#!/  N!m"% demii!% it! d!$!t melih!t *!h;! hidroli! d!$!t diter!$!% $!d! sel"r"h setor-setor i%d"stri+

II.1 4iskositas

isosit!s mer"$!!% ""r!% ee%t!l!% )l"id! #!%& me%#!t!!%  *es!r e(il%#! &ese!% di d!l!m )l"id!+ M!i% *es!r isosit!s s"!t" )l"id!/ m!! m!i% s"lit s"!t" )l"id! me%&!lir d!% m!i% s"lit s"!t" *e%d!  *er&er! di d!l!m )l"id! terse*"t+ Di d!l!m '!t (!ir/ isosit!s dih!sil!% oleh &!#! ohesi !%t!r! mole"l '!t (!ir+ Sed!%&!% d!l!m &!s/ isosit!s tim*"l se*!&!i !i*!t t"m*"!% !%t!r! mole"l &!s+ II.15 Indeks 4iskositas

l%des isosit!s !d!l!h s"!t" t!%d! $er"*!h!% d!ri $er"*!h!% r!t!r!t! isosit!s )l"id! ses"!i de%&!% $er"*!h!% $!d! s"h" terte%t"+ S"!t" )l"id! #!%& mem$"%#!i isosit!s se(!r! rel!ti) st!*il $!d! LABORATORI8M HIDROLIK 9 PNE8MATIK 2@

HPC-02 SISTEM HIDROLIK DENGAN KONTROL ELEKTROMEKANIK 

 $er*ed!!% s"h" #!%& *es!r/ )l"id! terse*"t mem$"%#!i i%des isosit!s #!%& ti%&&i+ Oli hidroli h!r"s mem$"%#!i i%des isosit!s seit!r 300+ D!% h!m$ir sem"! ,e%is oli mem$"%#!i *!h!%-*!h!% t!m*!h #!%& dise*"t $e%!m*!h

i%des isosit!s "%t"

me%i%&!t!%

!%&!

i%des

isosit!s le*ih d!ri 300+ Ahir-!hir i%i/ $em*eri!% *!h!% t!m*!h!% se(!r! imi! mel!l"i $e%#"li%&!% tel!h ter*"ti me%i%&!t!% i%des isosit!s *er,e%is-,e%is oli hi%&&! me%(!$!i di !t!s !%&! 300+ l%des isosit!s s!%&!tl!h di$erl"!% !$!*il! $er!%&!t hidroli *ero$er!si $!d! s"h"-s"h" #!%& s!%&!t estrim+ II;27 Anti Foaming

Ger!!% sistem hidroli #!%& *e%!r !d!l!h *erd!s!r!% )!t!  *!h;! )l"id!: oli $!d! d!s!r%#! tid! *is! di $!m$!t!%+ A$!*il! )l"id!:oli  *er(!m$"r de%&!% "d!r! !t!" foam 4*"ih6 !!% me%&!i*!t!% oli hidroli   *is! terom$resi sehi%&&! ter,!di &!%&&"!% &elem*"%& "d!r! di d!l!m oil 4 *er*"s!6/ h!l demii!% *is! me%&!i*!t!% &!%&"!% o$er!si d!% er"s!!% $!r!h $!d! om$o%e% !re%! e"r!%&!% $el"m!s!%+ B!h!% !dditie !%ti *"ih 4!%ti )o!mi%& !dditie6 di t!m*!h!% ed!l!m )l"id!: oli hidroli "%t" me%(e&!h ter,!di%#! &elem*"%& J &elem*"%& "d!r! d!% "%t" me%&"r!%&i $roses  foaming  4 ter,!di%#! oli  *er*"s!6+ II.21 Anti #ksidasi

P!d! t!h!$ terte%t" sem"! oli *er(!m$"r de%&!% osi&e% d!ri "d!r!+

Osi&e% #!%& *erle*ih !!% me%&"*!h om$osisi

imi! )l"id! d!% mem*e%t" !s!m d!% tim*"%!% #!%& mer"&i!%+ 8%t" me%&!t!si m!s!l!h i%i/ )l"id!: oli di *eri *!h!% t!m*!h!% 4!dditie6 #!%& di se*"t !dditie !%ti osid!si+ II.22 +ekanan 0kstrim

Te!%!% "d!r! #!%& le*ih *es!r 4ti%&&i6 !t!" te!%!% "d!r! #!%& le*ih re%d!h d!ri te!%!% "d!r! %orm!l 43 !tm6+ Beer,! di d!l!m li%&"%&!% er,! #!%& te!%!% "d!r!%#! le*ih *es!r d!ri te!%!% "d!r! %orm!l tel!h die%!l se,! !d!%#! $eer,!!% #!%& dil!"!% di li%&"%&!%

LABORATORI8M HIDROLIK 9 PNE8MATIK 2

HPC-02 SISTEM HIDROLIK DENGAN KONTROL ELEKTROMEKANIK 

#!%& ed!$ !ir 4(!isso% ;or6/ dim!%! or!%& mel!"!% $eer,!!% di  *!;!h te!%!% "d!r! #!%& le*ih *es!r d!ri 3 !tm+ II.23 Head Losses

He!d Losses !d!l!h s"!t" %il!i "%t" me%&et!h"i se*er!$!  *es!r%#! red"si te!%!% tot!l 4tot!l he!d6 #!%& di!i*!t!% oleh )l"id! s!!t mele;!ti sistem $e%&!lir!%+ Tot!l he!d/ se$erti it! et!h"i mer"$!!% om*i%!si d!ri ele!tio% he!d 4te!%!% !re%! eti%&&i!% s"!t" )l"id!6/ elo(it# he!d/ 4te!%!% !re%! Ke(e$!t!% !lir s"!t" )l"id!6 d!% $ress"re he!d 4te!%!% %orm!l d!ri )l"id! it" se%diri6 + He!dloss tid! d!$!t dihi%d!r!% $!d! $e%er!$!% sistem $e%&!lir!% )l"id! dil!$!%&!%+ He!d loss d!$!t ter,!di !re%! 3+ Gese!% !%t!r! )l"id! d!% di%di%& $i$! 2+ risi !%t!r! ses!m! $!rtiel $em*e%t" )l"id! terse*"t .+ d!% t"r*"le%si #!%& di!i*!t!% s!!t !lir!% di *elo!% !r!h%#! !t!" h!l l!i% se$erti mis!l%#! $er"*!h!% !i*!t om$o%e% $er$i$!!% 4!le/ )lo; red"(er/ !t!" r!%6+ Kehil!%&!% !re%! )risi:&ese!% !d!l!h *!&i!% d!ri tot!l he!dloss #!%& ter,!di s!!t !lir!% )l"id! mele;!ti s"!t" $i$! l"r"s+ He!dloss $!d! s"!t" )l"id! $!d! "m"m%#! *er*!%di%& l"r"s de%&!% $!%,!%& $i$! / %il!i "!dr!t d!ri e(e$!t!% )l"id! d!% %il!i )risi )l"id! #!%& dise*"t )!tor )risi+ d!% ,"&! %il!i he!dloss *er*!%d%& ter*!li de%&!% di!meter $i$!+ II.2 Fluida Fluida !d!l!h s"!t" '!t #!%& *is! me%&!l!mi $er"*!h!%-

 $er"*!h!% *e%t"%#! se(!r! (o%ti%"e:ter"s-me%er"s *il! tere%! te!%!%:&!#! &eser ;!l!"$"% rel!ti) e(il !t!t" *is! ,"&! di!t!!% s"!t" '!t #!%& me%&!lir/ !t! )l"id! me%(!"$ '!t (!ir/ &!s/ !ir/ d!% "d!r! !re%! '!t-'!t i%i d!$!t me%&!lir+ Se*!li%#! *!t" d!% *e%d!2 er!s 4sel"r"h '!t-'!t $!d!t tid! d!$!t di!te&ori!% se*!&!i )l"id! !re%! '!t-'!t terse*"t tid! *is! me%&!lir LABORATORI8M HIDROLIK 9 PNE8MATIK 2=

HPC-02 SISTEM HIDROLIK DENGAN KONTROL ELEKTROMEKANIK 

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Fluida !d!l!h &"&"s!% #!%& ters"s"% !t!s mole"l2 de%&!% ,!r! $is!h

#!%& (""$ *es!r untuk gasd!% ,!r! $is!h #!%& (""$ e(il "%t"
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