Juris
November 13, 2016 | Author: Louella Janda | Category: N/A
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JURISDICTION; FOR CASE JURISDICTION; DIGEST
Alfeo Vivas, on his behalf and on behalf of the Shareholders of the Eurocredit Community Bank, Petitioner , vs. The Monetary Board of the BSP and the P!C, Respondents. "# $o. %&%'(') Au*ust +, (%-
acts/ The Monetary Board placed the Eurocredt
Co!!unty Ban" under #ro!pt Correct$e Acton %ra!e&or" on account o% the 'ndn() o% )erou) 'ndn() and )uper$)ory concern)* +$a) !o$ed %or the recon)deraton o% )uch acton* ECBI al)o un,u)tly re%u)ed to allo& the BS# e-a!ner) %ro! n)pectn( t) .oo") and record)* The MB ))ued Re)oluton Re)oluton No* /01 placn( ECBI under rece$er)hp2 rece$er)hp2 .ecau)e o% t) na.lty to pay t) la.lte)2 n)u3cent real4a.le a))et) and $olaton o% cea)e and de))t order o% the MB %or act) con)ttutn( un)ound .an"n( practce)* +$a) ar(ued that the MB co!!tted (ra$e a.u)e o% d)creton %or placn( ECBI under rece$er)hp rece$er)hp &thout pror notce and hearn(2 pur)uant to RA 05652 Sec* 77*
!ssue/ 8hether or not the MB co!!tted (ra$e
a.u)e o% d)creton n placn( ECBI under rece$er)hp &thout notce and hearn(*
No2 the MB dd dd not (ra$ely a.u)e t) d)creton* The ECBI &a) ($en e$ery chance to
#ulin*/
.e heard and !pro$e t) 'nancal )tandn(* Moreo$er2 the MB ha) the po&er to %or.d a .an" %ro! don( .u)ne)) and place t under rece$er)hp rece$er)hp &thout pror notce and hearn(2 &hen the crcu!)tance) &arrant t* Under RA 01652 the MB &a) ($en &th !ore po&er o% clo)ure and place!ent o% a .an" n rece$er)hp %or n)ol$ency or % the contnuance n the .u)ne)) &ould re)ult n the lo)) o% depo)tor) or credtor)* credtor)* The 9clo)e no&2 hear later: doctrne &a) ,u)t'ed on practcal and le(al con)deraton) to preclude un&arranted d))paton o% the .an") a))et) and a) $ald e-erc)e o% polce po&er to protect credtor)2 depo)tor)2 )toc"holder) )toc"holder) and the (eneral pu.lc*
0lamas vs Court of A11eals
Be%o Be%orre th) th) Cour Courtt ) a Mot Moton on %or %or Reco Recon) n)der derat aton on 'led 'led .y here heren n pett pettone oner< r< )pou)e) )pou)e) Franc Franc)co )co R* =la!a) =la!a) and Car!elt Car!elta a C* =la!a) =la!a)** On Septe Septe!.e !.err />2 /??>2 /??>2 th) th) Court Court pro!ul(ated pro!ul(ated a Dec)on @7 n the a.o$e2 /??7 8arrant o% Arre)t2 the polce arre)ted2 on Aprl /02 /??72 /??72 pett pettone onerr Car!el Car!elta ta C* =la!a) =la!a) %or her to )er$e )er$e her /< !ont !onth h ,al ,al ter! ter!** The The pol polce ce22
JURISDICTION; FOR CASE JURISDICTION; DIGEST
"no&n( that the therr parc parcel el o% land land "no& "no&n n a) =ot No* 772 Bloc" No* 1 o% the Su.d$) Su.d$)on on #lan =RC #)d 10?512 Cada)tral Sur$ey o% #ara araaK aKue ue22 =RC =RC Recor Record d No* No* N/12 12 Ca)e Ca)e No* H>12 )tuated at Barro San San Don on) )o2 Mun Munc cpa pal lty ty o% #araaKue2 #araaKue2 Metro Manla2 &a) !ort(a(ed to the Rura ural Ban" Ban" o% I!u) I!u)22 dd dd then then and there &ll%ully2 unla unla&% &%ul ully ly and and %elon %elonou ou)ly )ly )ell )ell )ad property property to one Conrad Conrado o #* A$la la2 %al)e l)ely repre)e repre)entn ntn( ( the )a!e )a!e to .e %ree %ree %ro! all len) and encu!.rance) &hat)oe$e &hat)oe$er2 r2 and )ad )ad Conra Conrado do #* A$la A$la .ou(ht .ou(ht the a%ore!entoned propert property y %or the )u! o% #7/2>6*?? &hc &hch h &a) &a) pad pad
to the accu)e accu)ed2 d2 to the the da!a da!a(e (e and pre,udc pre,udce e o% )ad )ad Conra Conrado do #* A$la n the a%ore!entoned a!ount o% #7/2>6*??*
Contrary to la&*
A%ter tral on the !ert)2 the RTC rendered t) Dec)on on June 5?2 7>>H2 'ndn( pettoner) (ulty (ulty .eyond .eyond rea)ona. rea)ona.le le dou.t dou.t o% the the cr! r!e char har(ed (ed and and )enten )entencn cn( ( the! the! to )uer )uer the penalty o% !pr)on!ent %or t&o !ont !onth) h) and and to pay pay the the 'ne 'ne o% #72?6*?? each*
On appeal2 the Court o% Appeal)2 n t) Fe.ruary 7>2 7>>> Dec)on Dec)on n CA> >>> Re)o e)olut luton on22 the appellate appellate court court %urther %urther dened dened
pettoner) !oton recon)deraton*
%or
A))al A))aln( n( the the a%or a%ore)a e)ad d ))uance) o% the appellate court2 pettoner) 'led .e%ore th) Court2 on Fe.ru e.ruar ary y 772 772 /??? /???22 the therr petton %or re$e&2 doc"eted a) G*R G*R* No* No* 7H7/ 7H7/? ?** The The Cour Court2 t2 ho&e$e ho&e$er2 r2 on March March 752 /???2 /???2 dened the )a!e %or pettoner) %al %alur ure e to )tat )tate e the the !ate !ater ral al date)* date)* Snce Snce t )u.)eK )u.)eKue uentl ntly y dened dened pettone pettoner) r) !oton !oton %or reco recon) n)d der erat ato on n on June June /2 /2 /???2 the ,ud(!ent o% con$cton .eca!e 'nal and e-ecutory*
8th th the the con) con)eK eKue uent nt ))uance .y the tral court o% the Aprl 7>2 /??7 8arrant o% Arre)t2 the polce arre)ted2 on Aprl /02 /??72 /??72 pett pettone onerr Car!el Car!elta ta C* =la!a) =la!a) %or her to )er$e )er$e her /< !ont !onth h ,al ,al ter! ter!** The The pol polce ce22 ne$ert ne$erthel hele)) e))22 %ale %aled d to arre arre)t )t pettone pettonerr Franc Franc)co )co R* =la!a) =la!a) .ecau)e he &a) no&here to .e %ound*
On July 712 /??72 pettone pettonerr Franc Franc)co )co !o$ed !o$ed %or /# a ( e
JURISDICTION; FOR CASE JURISDICTION; DIGEST
the l%tn( or recall o% the &arrant o% arre)t2 ra)n( %or the 'r)t t!e the ))ue that the tral court had no ,ur)dc ,ur)dcton ton o$er the oen)e oen)e char(ed*
There .en( no acton ta"en ta"en .y the tral court court on the )ad ad !ot !oton on2 pett etto on ner) n)tt n)ttute uted2 d2 on Septe! Septe!.e .err 752 752 /??72 the n)tant proceedn() %or the annul!ent annul!ent o% the tral and the appellate court) dec)on)*
The Court ntally d)!))ed d)!))ed on technca techncall (round) (round) the petton n the Septe!.er /H2 /??7 Re)oluton2 .ut ren)tated ren)tated the )a!e2 on !oton %or recon) recon)dera deraton ton22 n the Octo.er Octo.er //2 /??7 Re)oluton* @/
#etton #ettoner) er) are no& .e%ore .e%ore th) Court )ee"n( the re$er)al o% the Septe!.er />2 /??> Dec)on Dec)on and2 con)eKue con)eKuently ntly22 the annul!en annul!entt o% ther con$cton .y the tral court* In ther +er'ed Moton %or Recon)deraton2 Recon)deraton2 @H pettoner) a)" th) Court to re$)t and ta"e a )econd loo": at the ))u ))ue) e) n the the ca)e ca)e &t &tho hout ut .en .en( ( undu unduly ly ha!pered .y any perce$ed techncal )hort%all) o% a .elea(uered .elea(uered nnocent lt(ant*: In partcular2 they ra)e the %ollo&n( ))ue)
7* 8ITL ITL A== A== DUE RES#ECT2 AND IN =IGLT OF TLE CORRECT A##=ICATIONS A##=ICATIONS OF DOCTRI DOCTRINA= NA= JURIS# JURIS#RUD RUDENC ENCE2 E2 #ETI #ETITI TION ONER ERS S LAD LAD #U #URS RSUE UED D TLEIR MORE TLAN T8ENT FI+E /6 EARS UEST FOR JUSTICE AS INNOC INNOCEN ENT T MEN2 MEN2 AND LAD LONEST LONEST= = MAINT MAINTAIN AINED ED TLAT TLAT TLEIR RESORT TO RE+ERSE2 SET ASIDE ANDPOR ANNU=2 IS IN =INE 8ITL 8ITL JURI JURIS# S#RU RUDE DENC NCE E AND AND TEC3$!CA0 =A82 A$2 S34#T S34#TA00S A00S 54#6 54#6 EECTS EECTS $4T7!T3STA$!$"5)6
RES#ONDN RES#ONDNET ET COURTS COURTS LAD $4 =A8 AND EN=IGLTE EN=IGLTENING NING DOCTRINE DOCTRINES S TO TR AND AND DECIDE TLIS TLIS CASE;
89#!S!CT!4$ 89#!S!CT!4$ IN
5* AGAIN 8ITL A== DUE RES#ECT 9$4#T9$ T9$A ATE02, T3E AND 9$4# VE#2 VE#2 89ST!2!$ 89ST!2!$" " ME#!TS ME#!TS 4 PET!T!4$E#S: A##RO#RIATE INSTANT INSTANT REMED REMED;; 3A $4 T C4$SE;9E$T02 BEE$ PASSE 9P4$, T4 9P340 T3E PA#AM49$T C4$ST!T9T C4$ST!T9T!4$A !4$A0 0 C3E#!SE C3E#!SE MA$ATE2 TLE #RESUM#T #RESUM#TION ION
OF INNOCENCE MUST BE U#LE=D U#LE=D22 EQCE# EQCE#T T ON= ON= U#ON U#ON ESTAB=IS ESTAB=ISLED LED AND ADMISSIB= ADMISSIB=E E E+IDENCE BEOND REASONAB=E DOUBT; AND
H* #ETITIONER S VE#2 39MB02 BESEEC3 TLIS LONORAB LONORAB=E =E COURTS COURTS LIGLEST LIGLEST
JURISDICTION; FOR CASE JURISDICTION; DIGEST
"no&n( that the therr parc parcel el o% land land "no& "no&n n a) =ot No* 772 Bloc" No* 1 o% the Su.d$) Su.d$)on on #lan =RC #)d 10?512 Cada)tral Sur$ey o% #ara araaK aKue ue22 =RC =RC Recor Record d No* No* N/12 12 Ca)e Ca)e No* H>12 )tuated at Barro San San Don on) )o2 Mun Munc cpa pal lty ty o% #araaKue2 #araaKue2 Metro Manla2 &a) !ort(a(ed to the Rura ural Ban" Ban" o% I!u) I!u)22 dd dd then then and there &ll%ully2 unla unla&% &%ul ully ly and and %elon %elonou ou)ly )ly )ell )ell )ad property property to one Conrad Conrado o #* A$la la2 %al)e l)ely repre)e repre)entn ntn( ( the )a!e )a!e to .e %ree %ree %ro! all len) and encu!.rance) &hat)oe$e &hat)oe$er2 r2 and )ad )ad Conra Conrado do #* A$la A$la .ou(ht .ou(ht the a%ore!entoned propert property y %or the )u! o% #7/2>6*?? &hc &hch h &a) &a) pad pad
to the accu)e accu)ed2 d2 to the the da!a da!a(e (e and pre,udc pre,udce e o% )ad )ad Conra Conrado do #* A$la n the a%ore!entoned a!ount o% #7/2>6*??*
Contrary to la&*
A%ter tral on the !ert)2 the RTC rendered t) Dec)on on June 5?2 7>>H2 'ndn( pettoner) (ulty (ulty .eyond .eyond rea)ona. rea)ona.le le dou.t dou.t o% the the cr! r!e char har(ed (ed and and )enten )entencn cn( ( the! the! to )uer )uer the penalty o% !pr)on!ent %or t&o !ont !onth) h) and and to pay pay the the 'ne 'ne o% #72?6*?? each*
On appeal2 the Court o% Appeal)2 n t) Fe.ruary 7>2 7>>> Dec)on Dec)on n CA> >>> Re)o e)olut luton on22 the appellate appellate court court %urther %urther dened dened
pettoner) !oton recon)deraton*
%or
A))al A))aln( n( the the a%or a%ore)a e)ad d ))uance) o% the appellate court2 pettoner) 'led .e%ore th) Court2 on Fe.ru e.ruar ary y 772 772 /??? /???22 the therr petton %or re$e&2 doc"eted a) G*R G*R* No* No* 7H7/ 7H7/? ?** The The Cour Court2 t2 ho&e$e ho&e$er2 r2 on March March 752 /???2 /???2 dened the )a!e %or pettoner) %al %alur ure e to )tat )tate e the the !ate !ater ral al date)* date)* Snce Snce t )u.)eK )u.)eKue uentl ntly y dened dened pettone pettoner) r) !oton !oton %or reco recon) n)d der erat ato on n on June June /2 /2 /???2 the ,ud(!ent o% con$cton .eca!e 'nal and e-ecutory*
8th th the the con) con)eK eKue uent nt ))uance .y the tral court o% the Aprl 7>2 /??7 8arrant o% Arre)t2 the polce arre)ted2 on Aprl /02 /??72 /??72 pett pettone onerr Car!el Car!elta ta C* =la!a) =la!a) %or her to )er$e )er$e her /< !ont !onth h ,al ,al ter! ter!** The The pol polce ce22 ne$ert ne$erthel hele)) e))22 %ale %aled d to arre arre)t )t pettone pettonerr Franc Franc)co )co R* =la!a) =la!a) .ecau)e he &a) no&here to .e %ound*
On July 712 /??72 pettone pettonerr Franc Franc)co )co !o$ed !o$ed %or /# a ( e
JURISDICTION; FOR CASE JURISDICTION; DIGEST
the l%tn( or recall o% the &arrant o% arre)t2 ra)n( %or the 'r)t t!e the ))ue that the tral court had no ,ur)dc ,ur)dcton ton o$er the oen)e oen)e char(ed*
There .en( no acton ta"en ta"en .y the tral court court on the )ad ad !ot !oton on2 pett etto on ner) n)tt n)ttute uted2 d2 on Septe! Septe!.e .err 752 752 /??72 the n)tant proceedn() %or the annul!ent annul!ent o% the tral and the appellate court) dec)on)*
The Court ntally d)!))ed d)!))ed on technca techncall (round) (round) the petton n the Septe!.er /H2 /??7 Re)oluton2 .ut ren)tated ren)tated the )a!e2 on !oton %or recon) recon)dera deraton ton22 n the Octo.er Octo.er //2 /??7 Re)oluton* @/
#etton #ettoner) er) are no& .e%ore .e%ore th) Court )ee"n( the re$er)al o% the Septe!.er />2 /??> Dec)on Dec)on and2 con)eKue con)eKuently ntly22 the annul!en annul!entt o% ther con$cton .y the tral court* In ther +er'ed Moton %or Recon)deraton2 Recon)deraton2 @H pettoner) a)" th) Court to re$)t and ta"e a )econd loo": at the ))u ))ue) e) n the the ca)e ca)e &t &tho hout ut .en .en( ( undu unduly ly ha!pered .y any perce$ed techncal )hort%all) o% a .elea(uered .elea(uered nnocent lt(ant*: In partcular2 they ra)e the %ollo&n( ))ue)
7* 8ITL ITL A== A== DUE RES#ECT2 AND IN =IGLT OF TLE CORRECT A##=ICATIONS A##=ICATIONS OF DOCTRI DOCTRINA= NA= JURIS# JURIS#RUD RUDENC ENCE2 E2 #ETI #ETITI TION ONER ERS S LAD LAD #U #URS RSUE UED D TLEIR MORE TLAN T8ENT FI+E /6 EARS UEST FOR JUSTICE AS INNOC INNOCEN ENT T MEN2 MEN2 AND LAD LONEST LONEST= = MAINT MAINTAIN AINED ED TLAT TLAT TLEIR RESORT TO RE+ERSE2 SET ASIDE ANDPOR ANNU=2 IS IN =INE 8ITL 8ITL JURI JURIS# S#RU RUDE DENC NCE E AND AND TEC3$!CA0 =A82 A$2 S34#T S34#TA00S A00S 54#6 54#6 EECTS EECTS $4T7!T3STA$!$"5)6
RES#ONDN RES#ONDNET ET COURTS COURTS LAD $4 =A8 AND EN=IGLTE EN=IGLTENING NING DOCTRINE DOCTRINES S TO TR AND AND DECIDE TLIS TLIS CASE;
89#!S!CT!4$ 89#!S!CT!4$ IN
5* AGAIN 8ITL A== DUE RES#ECT 9$4#T9$ T9$A ATE02, T3E AND 9$4# VE#2 VE#2 89ST!2!$ 89ST!2!$" " ME#!TS ME#!TS 4 PET!T!4$E#S: A##RO#RIATE INSTANT INSTANT REMED REMED;; 3A $4 T C4$SE;9E$T02 BEE$ PASSE 9P4$, T4 9P340 T3E PA#AM49$T C4$ST!T9T C4$ST!T9T!4$A !4$A0 0 C3E#!SE C3E#!SE MA$ATE2 TLE #RESUM#T #RESUM#TION ION
OF INNOCENCE MUST BE U#LE=D U#LE=D22 EQCE# EQCE#T T ON= ON= U#ON U#ON ESTAB=IS ESTAB=ISLED LED AND ADMISSIB= ADMISSIB=E E E+IDENCE BEOND REASONAB=E DOUBT; AND
H* #ETITIONER S VE#2 39MB02 BESEEC3 TLIS LONORAB LONORAB=E =E COURTS COURTS LIGLEST LIGLEST
JURISDICTION; FOR CASE JURISDICTION; DIGEST
the l%tn( or recall o% the &arrant o% arre)t2 ra)n( %or the 'r)t t!e the ))ue that the tral court had no ,ur)dc ,ur)dcton ton o$er the oen)e oen)e char(ed*
There .en( no acton ta"en ta"en .y the tral court court on the )ad ad !ot !oton on2 pett etto on ner) n)tt n)ttute uted2 d2 on Septe! Septe!.e .err 752 752 /??72 the n)tant proceedn() %or the annul!ent annul!ent o% the tral and the appellate court) dec)on)*
The Court ntally d)!))ed d)!))ed on technca techncall (round) (round) the petton n the Septe!.er /H2 /??7 Re)oluton2 .ut ren)tated ren)tated the )a!e2 on !oton %or recon) recon)dera deraton ton22 n the Octo.er Octo.er //2 /??7 Re)oluton* @/
#etton #ettoner) er) are no& .e%ore .e%ore th) Court )ee"n( the re$er)al o% the Septe!.er />2 /??> Dec)on Dec)on and2 con)eKue con)eKuently ntly22 the annul!en annul!entt o% ther con$cton .y the tral court* In ther +er'ed Moton %or Recon)deraton2 Recon)deraton2 @H pettoner) a)" th) Court to re$)t and ta"e a )econd loo": at the ))u ))ue) e) n the the ca)e ca)e &t &tho hout ut .en .en( ( undu unduly ly ha!pered .y any perce$ed techncal )hort%all) o% a .elea(uered .elea(uered nnocent lt(ant*: In partcular2 they ra)e the %ollo&n( ))ue)
RES#ONDN RES#ONDNET ET COURTS COURTS LAD $4 =A8 AND EN=IGLTE EN=IGLTENING NING DOCTRINE DOCTRINES S TO TR AND AND DECIDE TLIS TLIS CASE;
89#!S!CT!4$ 89#!S!CT!4$ IN
5* AGAIN 8ITL A== DUE RES#ECT 9$4#T9$ T9$A ATE02, T3E AND 9$4# VE#2 VE#2 89ST!2!$ 89ST!2!$" " ME#!TS ME#!TS 4 PET!T!4$E#S: A##RO#RIATE INSTANT INSTANT REMED REMED;; 3A $4 T C4$SE;9E$T02 BEE$ PASSE 9P4$, T4 9P340 T3E PA#AM49$T C4$ST!T9T C4$ST!T9T!4$A !4$A0 0 C3E#!SE C3E#!SE MA$ATE2 TLE #RESUM#T #RESUM#TION ION
7* 8ITL ITL A== A== DUE RES#ECT2 AND IN =IGLT OF TLE CORRECT A##=ICATIONS A##=ICATIONS OF DOCTRI DOCTRINA= NA= JURIS# JURIS#RUD RUDENC ENCE2 E2 #ETI #ETITI TION ONER ERS S LAD LAD #U #URS RSUE UED D TLEIR MORE TLAN T8ENT FI+E /6 EARS UEST FOR JUSTICE AS INNOC INNOCEN ENT T MEN2 MEN2 AND LAD LONEST LONEST= = MAINT MAINTAIN AINED ED TLAT TLAT TLEIR RESORT TO RE+ERSE2 SET ASIDE ANDPOR ANNU=2 IS IN =INE 8ITL 8ITL JURI JURIS# S#RU RUDE DENC NCE E AND AND TEC3$!CA0 =A82 A$2
OF INNOCENCE MUST BE U#LE=D U#LE=D22 EQCE# EQCE#T T ON= ON= U#ON U#ON ESTAB=IS ESTAB=ISLED LED AND ADMISSIB= ADMISSIB=E E E+IDENCE BEOND REASONAB=E DOUBT; AND
S34#T S34#TA00S A00S 54#6 54#6 EECTS EECTS $4T7!T3STA$!$"5)6
In t) Septe!.er Septe!.er />2 /??> Dec)on2 Dec)on2 th) Court held that2 %ollo&n( the ruln( n People v. Bitanga 2@5 the re!edy o% annul!ent o% ,ud(!ent cannot .e a$aled o% n cr!nal ca)e)* The Court l"e&)e re,ected pettoner) contenton that the tral court had no ,ur)dcton o$er the ca)e*
H* #ETITIONER S VE#2 39MB02 BESEEC3 TLIS LONORAB LONORAB=E =E COURTS COURTS LIGLEST LIGLEST SEN SENSE OF MAGN MAGNAN ANIIMIT MIT2 UNDERS UNDERST TANDING ANDING22 JUDICI JUDICIOUS OUS 8ISDOM 8ISDOM AND COM#ASSIO COM#ASSION2 N2 SO TLAT JUSTICE MA TRU= TRU= AND JUST= JUST= BE RENDERED IN FA+OR OF #ETITI #ETITION ONERS ERS AS IT MUS MUST2 T2 GI+EN GI+EN TLE +ER +ER UNIU UNIUE E AND COM#E= COM#E==IN =ING G JUSTIF JUSTIFICA ICATI TION ONS S LEREOF@* @6
/* 8ITL ITL A== A== DUE RES#ECT2 RES#ECT2 AGAIN AGAIN IN =IGLT OF A##=ICAB=E JURIS#RUDENCE JURIS#RUDENCE ON TLE ISSUE OF JURISDICTION2 #ETITIONE #ETITIONERS RS ARE NOT BARRED FROM RAISING SUCL UESTION OF JURISDIC JURISDICTION TION AT AN TIME AND IN FACT MAINT MAINTAIN AIN TLAT TLAT
5# a ( e
JURISDICTION; FOR CASE JURISDICTION; DIGEST
#ettoner) l"e&)e pray %or a re%erral o% the ca)e to the Court En Banc %or oral ar(u!ent or to .e allo&ed to )u.!t &rtten )upple!entary plead pleadn() n() %or the! the! to )tate )tate the co!pe co!pell lln( n( rea)on) rea)on) &hy ther ther !oton !oton %or recon)d recon)derat eraton on )hould .e allo&ed*
tool) tool) de)(ned de)(ned to %aclta %acltate te the attan!ent attan!ent o% ,u)tce* The )trct and r(d applcaton o% rule) that that tend tend to %ru)tr %ru)trate ate rather rather than than pro!o pro!ote te )u.)tantal ,u)tce ,u)tce !u)t al&ay) .e a$oded* a$oded* It ) %ar .etter and !ore prudent %or the court court to e-cu)e a techncal lap)e and aord the parte) a re$e& o% the ca)e to attan the end) o% ,u)tce2 rather than d)po)e o% the ca)e on techncalty and cau)e (ra$e n,u)tce to the parte)* @0
Ne-t Ne-t22 &e proc procee eed d to re)o re)ol$ l$e e )u.)tant$e ))ue) ra)ed .y pettoner)*
the the
Artcle 571 / o% the Re$)ed #enal Code )tate) In the the nte nterre)t e)t o% ,u)t ,u)tc ce e and and %or %or hu!an hu!anta tara ran n rea)o rea)on)2 n)2 the Court Court dee!) dee!) t nece))ary to reS9PT. E0ME# #E8A$4, pettoner)2
$)* P>SE$!4# !$SPECT4# 84SE 8. ASA24, re)pondent*
JURISDICTION; FOR CASE DIGEST
---
In e$ery cr!nal pro)ecuton2 the State !u)t pro$e .eyond rea)ona.le dou.t all the ele!ent) o% the cr!e char(ed and the co!plcty or partcpaton o% the accu)ed* @7?
For pettoner) to .e con$cted o% the cr!e o% )&ndln( under Artcle 571 / o% the Re$)ed #enal Code2 the pro)ecuton had the .urden to pro$e the conuence o% the %ollo&n( e))ental ele!ent) o% the cr!e
7* that the thn( d)po)ed o% .e real property; /* that the oender "ne& that the real property &a) encu!.ered2
One o% the e))ental ele!ent) o% )&ndln( under Artcle 5712 para(raph /2 ) that the act o% d)po)n( the encu!.ered real property ) !ade to the da!a(e o% another* In th) ca)e2 nether the tral court nor the CA !ade any 'ndn( o% any da!a(e to the oended party* No&here n the Dec)on o% the RTC or that o% the CA ) there any d)cu))on that there &a) da!a(e )uered .y co!planant A$la2 or any 'ndn( that h) r(ht) o$er the property &ere pre,udced*
On the contrary2 co!planant had po))e))on and control o% the land e$en a) the ca)e) &ere .en( heard* L) po))e))on and r(ht to e-erc)e do!non o$er the property &a) not d)tur.ed* Ad!ttedly2 there &a) delay n the del$ery o% the ttle* Th)2 ho&e$er2 &a) the )u.,ect o% a )eparate ca)e2 &hch &a) e$entually decded n pettoner) %a$or* @7/
&hether the encu!.rance ) recorded or not; 5* that there !u)t .e e-pre)) repre)entaton .y the oender that the real property ) %ree %ro! encu!.rance; and
I% no da!a(e )hould re)ult %ro! the )ale2 no cr!e o% e)ta%a &ould ha$e .een co!!tted .y the $endor2 a) the ele!ent o% da!a(e &ould then .e lac"n(*@75 The ne$ta.le conclu)on2 there%ore2 ) that pettoner) )hould .e acKutted o% the cr!e char(ed*
H* that the act o% d)po)n( o% the real property .e !ade to the da!a(e o% another* @77
73E#E4#E2 the %ore(on( pre!)e) con)dered2 the Moton %or Recon)deraton ) "#A$TE* The a))aled Dec)on dated Septe!.er />2 /??> ) SET AS!E and a ne& one ) entered AC;9!TT!$" pettoner) o% the cr!e char(ed on the (round o% the pro)ecuton) %alure to pro$e ther (ult .eyond rea)ona.le dou.t*
S4 4#E#E.
EP9T2 !#ECT4# "E$E#A0 #4BE#T4 0AST!M4S4, ACT!$" C3!E P3!0!PP!$E $AT!4$A0 P40!CE C3!E S9PT. #AMSE2 4CAMP4 and P>S9PT. E0ME# #E8A$4, pettoner)2
$)* P>SE$!4# !$SPECT4# 84SE 8. ASA24, re)pondent*
A9ST#!A?MA#T!$E@, J./
Be%ore the Court ) re)pondent) Moton %or Recon)deraton o% the Dec)on pro!ul(ated on March 12 /??0* In )ad Dec)on2 the Court (ranted the petton2 holdn( that the #hlppne Natonal #olce #N# Che% had ,ur)dcton to ta"e co(n4ance o% the c$lan co!plant a(an)t 6# a ( e
JURISDICTION; FOR CASE DIGEST
re)pondent and that the latter &a) accorded due proce)) durn( the )u!!ary hearn(* Fact) Re)pondent ar(ue) that the dec)on )hould .e recon)dered %or the %ollo&n( rea)on) 7* The )u!!ary proceedn( &a) null and $od .ecau)e no hearn( &a) conducted; and /* The e$dence pre)ented at the )u!!ary hearn( doe) not pro$e that re)pondent ) (ulty o% the char(e) a(an)t h!* Re)pondent n))t) that the )u!!ary hearn( o3cer dd not conduct any hearn( at all .ut only reled on the a3da$t) and pleadn() )u.!tted to h!2 &thout propoundn( %urther Kue)ton) to co!planant) &tne))e)2 or calln( n other &tne))e) )uch a) #O/ +llara!a* It )hould2 ho&e$er2 .e .orne n !nd that the %act that there &a) no %ull>?* Secton H7 )tate) that ct4en) co!plant) )hould .e .rou(ht .e%ore the #eople) =a& En%orce!ent
JURISDICTION; FOR CASE DIGEST
re)pondent and that the latter &a) accorded due proce)) durn( the )u!!ary hearn(* Fact) Re)pondent ar(ue) that the dec)on )hould .e recon)dered %or the %ollo&n( rea)on) 7* The )u!!ary proceedn( &a) null and $od .ecau)e no hearn( &a) conducted; and /* The e$dence pre)ented at the )u!!ary hearn( doe) not pro$e that re)pondent ) (ulty o% the char(e) a(an)t h!* Re)pondent n))t) that the )u!!ary hearn( o3cer dd not conduct any hearn( at all .ut only reled on the a3da$t) and pleadn() )u.!tted to h!2 &thout propoundn( %urther Kue)ton) to co!planant) &tne))e)2 or calln( n other &tne))e) )uch a) #O/ +llara!a* It )hould2 ho&e$er2 .e .orne n !nd that the %act that there &a) no %ull02 con$nced the Court to )u)pend the rule) o% procedure* The (eneral rule ) that the 'ln( o% a petton %or certiorari doe) not toll the runnn( o% the perod to appeal* H
Lo&e$er2 Secton 72 Rule 7 o% the Rule) o% Court pro$de) that the Rule) )hall .e l.erally con)trued n order to pro!ote ther o.,ect$e o% )ecurn( a ,u)t2 )peedy and ne-pen)$e d)po)ton o% e$ery acton and proceedn(* Ininete v. Court of Appeals 6 and Sanche! v. Court of Appeals 21 the Court )a& t proper to )u)pend rule) o% procedure n order to pro!ote )u.)tantal ,u)tce &here !atter) o% l%e2 l.erty2 honor or property2 a!on( other n)tance)2 are at )ta"e* The pre)ent ca)e clearly n$ol$e) the honor o% a polce o3cer &ho ha) rendered year) o% )er$ce to the country* In addton2 t ) al)o under)tanda.le &hy re)pondent !!edately re)orted to the re!edy o% certiorari n)tead o% pur)un( h) !oton %or recon)deraton o% the #N# Che%) dec)on a) an appeal .e%ore the Natonal Appellate Board NAB* It &a) Kute ea)y to (et con%u)ed a) to &hch .ody had ,ur)dcton o$er h) ca)e* The co!plant 'led a(an)t re)pondent could %all under .oth Secton) H7 and H/ o% Repu.lc Act R*A* No* 1>06 or the Depart!ent o% the Interor and =ocal Go$ern!ent Act o% 7>>?* Secton H7 )tate) that ct4en) co!plant) )hould .e .rou(ht .e%ore the #eople) =a& En%orce!ent Board #=EB2 &hle Secton H/ )tate) that t ) the #N# Che% &ho ha) authorty to !!edately re!o$e or d)!)) a #N# !e!.er &ho ) (ulty o% conduct un.eco!n( a polce o3cer* It &a) only n "uiam#ao v. Court of Appeals,0 pro!ul(ated n /??6 or after res1ondent had already Fled the 1etition for certiorari ith the trial court 2 &hen the Court re)ol$ed the ))ue o% &hch .ody ha) 1# a ( e
JURISDICTION; FOR CASE DIGEST
,ur)dcton o$er ca)e) that %all under .oth Secton) H7 and H/ o% R*A* No* 1>06* The Court held that the #=EB and the #N# Che% and re(onal drector) ha$e concurrent urisdiction over administrative cases 'led a(an)t !e!.er) o% the #N# &hch !ay &arrant d)!))al %ro! )er$ce2 .ut once a co!plant ) 'led &th the #N# Che% or re(onal drector)2 )ad authorte) )hall acKure e-clu)$e or(nal ,ur)dcton o$er the ca)e* 8th the %ore(on( pecular crcu!)tance) n th) ca)e2 re)pondent )hould not .e depr$ed o% the opportunty to %ully $entlate h) ar(u!ent) a(an)t the %actual 'ndn() o% the #N# Che%* Le !ay 'le an appeal .e%ore the NAB2 pur)uant to Secton H62 R*A* No* 1>/6* It ) a )ettled ,ur)prudence that n ad!n)trat$e proceedn()2 techncal rule) o% procedure and e$dence are not )trctly appled* In $and Ban% of the Philippines v. Celada2> the Court )tre))ed thu) A%ter all2 techncal rule) o% procedure are not end) n the!)el$e) .ut are pr!arly de$)ed to help n the proper and e-pedent d)pen)aton o% ,u)tce* In approprate ca)e)2 there%ore2 the rule) !ay .e con)trued l.erally n order to !eet and ad$ance the cau)e o% )u.)tantal ,u)tce* 7?
Appellate Board &thn ten 7? day) %ro! 'nalty o% heren Re)oluton*
"arcia vs. Sandi*anbayan H1? SCRA 6 June
//2 /??62 TINGA acts/ o% the la&
7* SECTION IN RE Secton 77 o% RA 1075Code o% Conduct o% Ethcal Standard) %or #u.lc O3cal) and E!ployee)
.* Sand(an.ayan) ,ur)dcton n C$l Acton) pertan) only to )eparate acton) %or reco$ery o% unla&%ully acKured property $)* #re)* Marco) etc*
/* Art 752 R#C
c* Sand(an.ayan &a) ntended prncpally a) a cr!nal court
5* Sec6/A72 5 /? o% the C$l Ser$ce =a& no& re)t) &th the Sand(an.ayan*: /* Under Con)t and pre$aln( )tatute)2 SB ) $e)ted &P authorty and ,ur)dcton o$er the petton %or %or%eture under RA 750> 5* SectonHa72 #D 71?12 not Secton />2 RA 750> )hould .e !ade the .a)) o% SB) ,ur)dcton a* +olaton) o% Repu.lc Act No* 5?7>2 a) a!ended2 other&)e "no&n a) the Ant2 and Chapter II2 Secton /2 Ttle +II2 Boo" II o% the Re$)ed #enal Code2 &here one or !ore o% the accu)ed are o3cal) occupyn( the %ollo&n( po)ton) n the (o$ern!ent2 &hether n a per!anent2 actn( or nter! capacty2 at the t!e o% the co!!))on o% the oen)e 7 O3cal) o% the e-ecut$e .ranch occupyn( the po)ton) o% re(onal drector and h(her2 other&)e cla))'ed a) Grade 9/0 and h(her o% the Co!pen)aton and #o)ton Cla))'caton Act o% 7>> Repu.lc Act No* 1062 )pec'cally
C4MME$T B2 4MB9SMA$/
7* Repu.lc $)* SB /* Grant o% ,ur)dcton o$er $olaton) o% RA 750> dd not chan(e e$en under the a!end!ent) o% RA0>06 and RA />H2 thou(h t ca!e to .e l!ted to ca)e) n$ol$n( h(h H* Secton 762 RA 100? e-pre))ly e!po&er) O!.ud)!an to n$e)t(ate and pro)ecute )uch ca)e) o% unla&%ul acKu)ton o% &ealth*
7 O3cal) o% the e-ecut$e .ranch occupyn( the po)ton) o% re(onal drector and h(her2 other&)e cla))'ed a) Grade 9/0 and h(her o% the Co!pen)aton and #o)ton Cla))'caton Act o% 7>> Repu.lc Act No* 1062 )pec'cally ncludn(
6* ON REUIREMENTS under RA 750> nKury &a) conducted )!lar to #I V SO=GEN) partcpaton no lon(er reKured )nce O!.ud)!an endo&ed &P authorty to n$e)t(ate and pro)ecute
d #hlppne ar!y and ar %orce colonel)2 na$al captan)2 and all o3cer) o% h(her ran");
1* d)!)) petton %or %oru! )hoppn( MTD &a) already 'led .e%ore SB
H* SB) ,ur)dcton .a)ed on #D 71?1 enco!pa))e) all ca)e) n$ol$n( $olaton) o% RA 5?7> IRRES#ECTI+E OF 8ON TLESE CASES ARE CI+I= OR CRIMINA= IN NATURE
#EP02 by "arcia
7* SB) cr!nal ,ur)dcton ) )eparate and d)tnct %ro! t) c$l ,ur)dcton SB) ,ur)dcton
o$er %or%eture ca)e) had .een re!o$ed &Po )u.)eKuent a!end!ent) e-pre))ly re)torn( )uch c$l ,ur)dcton /* #etton %or %or%eture ) not an ancllary acton %or the cr!nal acton a(an)t h!2 )o not under ,ur)dcton o% Sand(an.ayan !SS9ES/
7* 8ON SB ha) ,ur)dcton o$er petton) %or %or%eture under RA 750> /* 8ON O!.ud)!an ha) authorty to n$e)t(ate2 ntate and pro)ecute )uch petton) %or %or%eture 5* 8ON pettoner ) (ulty o% %oru! )hoppn( 3E0/ #etton 8PO MERIT2 d)!))ed
7* SB LAS JURISDICTION Rea)onn( Repu.lc $)* Sand(an.ayan Or(nally2 SO=GEN &a) author4ed to ntate %or%eture proceedn() .e%ore then CFI o% the cty or pro$nce &here the pu.lc o3cerPe!ployee re)de) or hold) o3ce @RA 750>2 SEC/ WUpon the creaton o% the Sand(an.ayan @#D 7H12 or(nal and e-clu)$e ,ur)dcton o$er )uch $olaton) &a) $e)ted n SB* W#D 71?1 repealed 7H1 and !od'ed ,ur)dcton o% SB .y re!o$n( t) ,ur)dcton o$er c$l acton) .rou(ht n connecton &P cr!e) &Pn e-clu)$e ,ur)dcton o% SB2 ncludn( # a ( e
JURISDICTION; FOR CASE DIGEST
X re)ttuton or reparaton %or da!a(e)
XXChapII2 Sec/2 Ttle +II2 Boo" II o% the R#C
Xreco$ery o% n)tru!ent) and eect) o% the cr!e
8here 7 or !ore o% the accu)ed are o3cal) occupyn( the %ollo&n( po)ton)2 &hether n a per!anent2 actn( or nter! capacty2 at the t!e o% the co!!))on o% the oen)e )ee a.o$e
Xc$l acton) under Art5/ and 5H o% the C$l Code Xand %or%eture proceedn() pro$ded under RA 750> WB# 7/> a.ol)hed concurrent ,ur)dcton o% SB and re(ular court)2 e-panded EOJ o% SB o$er oen)e) enu!erated n SECH o% #D71?1 to e!.race all )uch oen)e) rre)pect$e o% !po)a.le penalty* W#D71?1 &a) later a!ended .y #D 71> and e$entually .y #D 717 .ecau)e o% the prol%eraton o% 'ln( ca)e) &P penalty not h(her than #C or t) eKu$alent and e$en )uch ca)e) not )erou) n nature Y,ur)dcton o$er $olaton) o% RA 5?7> and 750> ) lod(ed &P SB Wunder RA /H> SB $e)ted &P EOJ n all ca)e) n$ol$n( $olaton) o%
#D 7H1 $e)ted SB &P ,ur)dcton o$er RA 750> %or%eture proceedn() WSec7/ Che% Specal #ro)ecutor ha) authorty to 'le and pro)ecute %or%eture ca)e)2 not SO=GEN2 to SB2 not CFI BUT TLIS IS JUST AN IM#=IED RE#EA= a) !ay .e der$ed %ro! the repealn( clau)e o% #D 7H1
4$ C!V!0 $AT9# 4 4#E!T9#E ACT!4$S
#D 7H0 created O!.ud)!an @An Act Declarn( For%eture In Fa$or o% the State Any #roperty Found to La$e Been Unla&%ully AcKured By Any #u.lc O3cer or E!ployee and #ro$dn( For the #roceedn() There%or*: the la& pro$de) a procedure %or %or%eture n ca)e a pu.lc o3cer ha) acKured durn( h) ncu!.ency an a!ount o% property !an%e)tly out o% proporton to h) )alary a) )uch pu.lc o3cer or e!ployee and to h) la&%ul nco!e and nco!e %ro! le(t!ately acKured property* No penalty %or the pu.lc o3cer %or unla&%ul acKu)ton .ut the la& !po)e) %or%eture a) a penalty %or unla&%ully acKured
#D 71?1 repealed e-pre))ly #D 7H1 #D 71?0 pro$ded that O3ce o% the Che% Specal #ro)ecutor ha) e-clu)$e authorty to conduct prel!nary n$e)t(aton o% all ca)e) co(n4a.le .y the SB2 'le n%o there%ore2 and drect and control pro)ecuton o% )ad ca)e) Wal)o re!o$ed authorty to 'le acton) %or %or%eture under RA 750> the repeal o% #*D* No* 7H1 .y #*D* No* 71?1 nece))arly re$$ed the authorty o% the Solctor General to 'le a petton %or %or%eture under R*A* No* 750>2 .ut not the ,ur)dcton o% the Court) o% Fr)t In)tance o$er the ca)e nor the authorty o% the #ro$ncal or Cty F)cal) no& #ro)ecutor) to conduct the prel!nary n$e)t(aton there%ore2
JURISDICTION; FOR CASE DIGEST
X re)ttuton or reparaton %or da!a(e)
XXChapII2 Sec/2 Ttle +II2 Boo" II o% the R#C
Xreco$ery o% n)tru!ent) and eect) o% the cr!e
8here 7 or !ore o% the accu)ed are o3cal) occupyn( the %ollo&n( po)ton)2 &hether n a per!anent2 actn( or nter! capacty2 at the t!e o% the co!!))on o% the oen)e )ee a.o$e
Xc$l acton) under Art5/ and 5H o% the C$l Code Xand %or%eture proceedn() pro$ded under RA 750> WB# 7/> a.ol)hed concurrent ,ur)dcton o% SB and re(ular court)2 e-panded EOJ o% SB o$er oen)e) enu!erated n SECH o% #D71?1 to e!.race all )uch oen)e) rre)pect$e o% !po)a.le penalty* W#D71?1 &a) later a!ended .y #D 71> and e$entually .y #D 717 .ecau)e o% the prol%eraton o% 'ln( ca)e) &P penalty not h(her than #C or t) eKu$alent and e$en )uch ca)e) not )erou) n nature Y,ur)dcton o$er $olaton) o% RA 5?7> and 750> ) lod(ed &P SB Wunder RA /H> SB $e)ted &P EOJ n all ca)e) n$ol$n( $olaton) o% XXRA 5?7> < Ant the repeal o% #*D* No* 7H1 .y #*D* No* 71?1 nece))arly re$$ed the authorty o% the Solctor General to 'le a petton %or %or%eture under R*A* No* 750>2 .ut not the ,ur)dcton o% the Court) o% Fr)t In)tance o$er the ca)e nor the authorty o% the #ro$ncal or Cty F)cal) no& #ro)ecutor) to conduct the prel!nary n$e)t(aton there%ore2 )nce )ad po&er) at that t!e re!aned n the Sand(an.ayan and the Che% Specal #ro)ecutor*
(. ES2 a) re)ol$ed n Repu.lc $)* SB t &a) the
!an ))ue there RA 750>2 Sec/ SO=GEN author4ed to ntate %or%eture proceedn()
#D 715? e-panded the Tanod.ayan) authorty ($en e-clu)$e authorty to conduct #I o% all ca)e) co(n4a.le .y SB2 to 'le n%o there%ore and to drect and control the pro)ecuton o% )ad ca)e) ># a ( e
JURISDICTION; FOR CASE DIGEST
YY7>0 CONSTI enacted RA 100? V ART QI2 SEC 75 o% 7>0 CONSTI #O8ERS OF OMBUDSMAN 7 In$e)t(ate and pro)ecute on t) o&n or on co!plant .y any per)on2 any act or o!))on o% any pu.lc o3cer or e!ployee2 o3ce or a(ency2 &hen )uch act or o!))on appear) to .e lle(al2 un,u)t2 !proper or ne3cent* It ha) pr!ary ,ur)dcton o$er ca)e) co(n4a.le .y the Sand(an.ayan and2 n the e-erc)e o% th) pr!ary ,ur)dcton2 !ay ta"e o$er2 at any )ta(e2 %ro! any n$e)t(atory a(ency o% Go$ern!ent2 the n$e)t(aton o% )uch ca)e); 77 In$e)t(ate and ntate the proper acton %or the reco$ery o% ll1 and the pro)ecuton o% the parte) n$ol$ed theren* YIt ) the O!.ud)!an &ho )hould 'le petton %or %or%eture under RA 750> BUT po&er) to n$e)t(ate and ntate proper acton %or reco$ery o% ll n the #etton o% pettoner) the)) that the Sand(an.ayan ha) no ,ur)dcton o$er )eparate c$l acton) %or %or%eture o% unla&%ully acKured properte) appear) to .e &holly l%ted %ro! the Moton to D)!))* The only derence .et&een the t&o ) that n the #etton2 pettoner ra)e) the (round o% %alure o% the petton %or %or%eture to co!ply &th the procedural reKure!ent) o% R*A* No* 750>2 and pettoner pray) %or the annul!ent o% the Sand(an.ayan) Re)oluton dated /> Octo.er /??H and 8rt o% #rel!nary Attach!ent dated / No$e!.er /??H* Ne$erthele))2 the)e derence) are only )uper'cal* Both #etton and Moton to D)!)) ha$e the )a!e ntent o% d)!))n( the ca)e %or %or%eture 'led a(an)t pettoner2 h) &%e and ther )on)* It ) undena.le that pettoner had %aled to %ul'll h) underta"n(* Th) ) nconte)ta.ly %oru! BUT po&er) to n$e)t(ate and ntate proper acton %or reco$ery o% ll? June 702 /?75 In ad!n)trat$e ca)e) n$ol$n( the concurrent ,ur)dcton o% t&o or !ore d)cplnn( 77 # a ( e
JURISDICTION; FOR CASE DIGEST
acts In 7>>2 pettoner 'led a Co!plant %or
recon$eyance o% real property &th declaraton o% nullty o% or(nal cert'cate o% ttle a(an)t re)pondent)* The Co!plant &a) 'led .e%ore the Muncpal Tral Court* A%ter tral2 the MTC %ound re)pondent Mon4on (ulty o% %raud n o.tann( an OCT o$er pettoner) property* Re)pondent) appealed to the Re(onal Tral Court RTC declarn( the MTC &thout ,ur)dcton o$er pettoner) cau)e o% acton* The pre)dn( ,ud(e declared that t &ll ta"e co(n4ance o% the ca)e pur)uant to Secton 2 Rule H?o% the Rule) o% Court &hch pro$de) %or appeal %ro! order) d)!))n( the ca)e &thout tral; lac" o% ,ur)dcton*RTC therea%ter re$er)ed the dec)on o% the MTC2 pro!ptn( the pettoner to 'le a Notce o% Appeal* The Court o% Appeal) d)!))ed the )ad appeal and a3r!ed the re)pondent) contenton that the proper re!edy ) a #etton %or Re$e& under Rule H/2 and not an ordnary appeal* Lence2 the pre)ent #etton %or Re$e& on Certorar* !ssue/ 8PN pettoner) ordnary appeal ) the
proper re!edy 3eld/ No* The CA ) correct n holdn( that the
)u.,ect !atter o% the ca)e* In %act and n la&2 the RTC Re)oluton &a) a contnuaton o% the proceedn() that or(nated %ro! the MTC* It &a) a ,ud(!ent ))ued .y the RTC n the e-erc)e o% t) appellate ,ur)dcton* It cannot .e o$ere!pha)4ed that ,ur)dcton o$er the )u.,ect !atter ) con%erred only .y la& and t ) not &thn the court)2 let alone the parte)2 to the!)el$e) deter!ne or con$enently )et a)de*: Nether &ould theact$e partcpaton o% the parte) nor e)toppel) operate to con%er or(nal and e-clu)$e ,ur)dcton &here the court or tr.unal only &eld) appellate ,ur)dcton o$er the ca)e* The pre)ent court loo") at &hat type o% ,ur)dcton &a) actually e-erc)ed .y the RTC2 and not nto &hat type o% ,ur)dcton the RTC )hould ha$e e-erc)ed* InKurn( nto &hat the RTC )hould ha$e done n d)po)n( o% the ca)e ) a Kue)ton that already n$ol$e) the !ert) o% the appeal2 .ut the court o.$ou)ly cannot (o nto that &here the !ode o% appeal &a) !proper to .e(n &th* 8here%ore2 #etton %or Re$e& ) dened %or lac" o% !ert* The Court a3r!) the dec)on o% the Court o% Appeal)*
A!u)e!ent and Ga!n( Corporaton #AGCOR* 8hle he &a) per%or!n( h) %uncton) a) teller2 a lady cu)to!er dent'ed later a) one Cecla Na"a)ato approached h! n h) .ooth and handed to h! an undeter!ned a!ount o% ca)h con))tn( o% !-ed #72???*?? and #6??*?? .ll)* There &ere %orty>2 pettoner 'led a Co!plant %or
recon$eyance o% real property &th declaraton o% nullty o% or(nal cert'cate o% ttle a(an)t re)pondent)* The Co!plant &a) 'led .e%ore the Muncpal Tral Court* A%ter tral2 the MTC %ound re)pondent Mon4on (ulty o% %raud n o.tann( an OCT o$er pettoner) property* Re)pondent) appealed to the Re(onal Tral Court RTC declarn( the MTC &thout ,ur)dcton o$er pettoner) cau)e o% acton* The pre)dn( ,ud(e declared that t &ll ta"e co(n4ance o% the ca)e pur)uant to Secton 2 Rule H?o% the Rule) o% Court &hch pro$de) %or appeal %ro! order) d)!))n( the ca)e &thout tral; lac" o% ,ur)dcton*RTC therea%ter re$er)ed the dec)on o% the MTC2 pro!ptn( the pettoner to 'le a Notce o% Appeal* The Court o% Appeal) d)!))ed the )ad appeal and a3r!ed the re)pondent) contenton that the proper re!edy ) a #etton %or Re$e& under Rule H/2 and not an ordnary appeal* Lence2 the pre)ent #etton %or Re$e& on Certorar* !ssue/ 8PN pettoner) ordnary appeal ) the
)u.,ect !atter o% the ca)e* In %act and n la&2 the RTC Re)oluton &a) a contnuaton o% the proceedn() that or(nated %ro! the MTC* It &a) a ,ud(!ent ))ued .y the RTC n the e-erc)e o% t) appellate ,ur)dcton* It cannot .e o$ere!pha)4ed that ,ur)dcton o$er the )u.,ect !atter ) con%erred only .y la& and t ) not &thn the court)2 let alone the parte)2 to the!)el$e) deter!ne or con$enently )et a)de*: Nether &ould theact$e partcpaton o% the parte) nor e)toppel) operate to con%er or(nal and e-clu)$e ,ur)dcton &here the court or tr.unal only &eld) appellate ,ur)dcton o$er the ca)e* The pre)ent court loo") at &hat type o% ,ur)dcton &a) actually e-erc)ed .y the RTC2 and not nto &hat type o% ,ur)dcton the RTC )hould ha$e e-erc)ed* InKurn( nto &hat the RTC )hould ha$e done n d)po)n( o% the ca)e ) a Kue)ton that already n$ol$e) the !ert) o% the appeal2 .ut the court o.$ou)ly cannot (o nto that &here the !ode o% appeal &a) !proper to .e(n &th* 8here%ore2 #etton %or Re$e& ) dened %or lac" o% !ert* The Court a3r!) the dec)on o% the Court o% Appeal)*
proper re!edy 3eld/ No* The CA ) correct n holdn( that the
proper !ode o% appeal )hould ha$e .een a #etton %or Re$e& under RuleH/ o% the Rule) o% Court2 and not an ordnary appeal under Rule H7*Under the pre)ent )tate o% the la&2 n ca)e) n$ol$n( ttle to real property2 or(nal and e-clu)$e ,ur)dcton .elon() to ether the RTC or the MTC2 dependn( on the a))e))ed $alue o% the )u.,ect property* Snce the a))e))ed $alue o% the d)puted property ) only#7/2H??2 MTC ha) or(nal and e-clu)$e ,ur)dcton o$er the
MA#G 8E#4ME S. MA"0A0A$" v. P3!0!PP!$E AM9SEME$T A$ "AM!$" C4#P4#AT!4$ ?611 Dece!.er 772 /?75
acts/ #ettoner &a) a teller at the Ca)no
A!u)e!ent and Ga!n( Corporaton #AGCOR* 8hle he &a) per%or!n( h) %uncton) a) teller2 a lady cu)to!er dent'ed later a) one Cecla Na"a)ato approached h! n h) .ooth and handed to h! an undeter!ned a!ount o% ca)h con))tn( o% !-ed #72???*?? and #6??*?? .ll)* There &ere %orty2 pettoner 'led a Moton %or Recon)deraton )ee"n( a re$er)al o% the .oard) dec)on and %urther prayed n the alternat$e that % he ) ndeed %ound (ulty a) char(ed2 the penalty .e only a repr!and a) t ) the approprate penalty* Durn( the pendency o% )ad !oton2 pettoner al)o 'led a Moton %or #roducton dated Aprl /?2 /??>2 prayn( that he .e %urn)hed &th cope) o% docu!ent) relat$e to the ca)e ncludn( the reco!!endaton o% the n$e)t(atn( co!!ttee and the Dec)onPRe)oluton o% the Board )uppo)edly contann( the latter) %actual 'ndn()*
#rocedure2 a) a!ended2 .e%ore the CA2 a$errn( that there ) no e$dence2 !uch le)) %actual and le(al .a)) to )upport the 'ndn( o% (ult a(an)t h!* Moreo$er2 pettoner a)cr.ed (ra$e a.u)e o% d)creton a!ountn( to lac" or e-ce)) o% ,ur)dcton to the act) o% #AGCOR n ad,ud(n( h! (ulty o% the char(e2 n %aln( to o.)er$e the proper procedure n the rendton o% t) dec)on and n !po)n( the har)h penalty o% a 5? 2 pettoner 'led a Moton %or Recon)deraton )ee"n( a re$er)al o% the .oard) dec)on and %urther prayed n the alternat$e that % he ) ndeed %ound (ulty a) char(ed2 the penalty .e only a repr!and a) t ) the approprate penalty* Durn( the pendency o% )ad !oton2 pettoner al)o 'led a Moton %or #roducton dated Aprl /?2 /??>2 prayn( that he .e %urn)hed &th cope) o% docu!ent) relat$e to the ca)e ncludn( the reco!!endaton o% the n$e)t(atn( co!!ttee and the Dec)onPRe)oluton o% the Board )uppo)edly contann( the latter) %actual 'ndn()* Su.)eKuently2 on June 72 /??>2 #AGCOR ))ued a Me!orandu! dated June 72 /??> practcally reteratn( the content) o% t) March 7>2 /??> Me!orandu!* It n%or!ed pettoner that the Board o% Drector) /??> re)ol$ed to deny h) appeal %or recon)deraton %or lac" o% !ert* On Au(u)t 702 /??>2 pettoner 'led a petton %or certorar under Rule 16 o% the 7>>0 Rule) o% C$l
#rocedure2 a) a!ended2 .e%ore the CA2 a$errn( that there ) no e$dence2 !uch le)) %actual and le(al .a)) to )upport the 'ndn( o% (ult a(an)t h!* Moreo$er2 pettoner a)cr.ed (ra$e a.u)e o% d)creton a!ountn( to lac" or e-ce)) o% ,ur)dcton to the act) o% #AGCOR n ad,ud(n( h! (ulty o% the char(e2 n %aln( to o.)er$e the proper procedure n the rendton o% t) dec)on and n !po)n( the har)h penalty o% a 5? * In denyn( the )ad !oton2 the CA reled on th) Court) ruln( n Duty Free #hlppne) $* Mo,ca ctn( #hlppne A!u)e!ent and Ga!n( Corp* $* CA2 &here th) Court held a) %ollo&) It ) no& )ettled that2 con%or!a.ly to Artcle IQ0
Con)ttuton (o$ern!ent on July 772 7>5* Con)eKuently2 contro$er)e) concernn( the relaton) o% the e!ployee &th the !ana(e!ent o% #AGCOR )hould co!e under the ,ur)dcton o% the Mert Sy)te! #rotecton Board and the C$l Ser$ce Co!!))on2 con%or!a.ly to the Ad!n)trat$e Code o% 7>0* Secton 71/ o% the )ad Code $e)t@) n the Mert Sy)te! #rotecton Board the po&er nter ala to a Lear and decde on appeal ad!n)trat$e ca)e) n$ol$n( o3cal) and e!ployee) o% the C$l Ser$ce* It) dec)on )hall .e 'nal e-cept tho)e n$ol$n( d)!))al or )eparaton %ro! the )er$ce &hch !ay .e appealed to the Co!!))on* Lence2 th) petton &here pettoner ar(ue) that the CA co!!tted (ra$e and )u.)tantal error o% ,ud(!ent !SS9E/ 8a) the CA correct n outr(htly
d)!))n( the petton %or certorar 'led .e%ore t on the (round o% non>H acKuttn( the pr$ate re)pondent .e re$er)ed*: Nothn( theren ) !entoned a.out da!a(e) or the c$l a)pect o% the ca)e* In 'ne2 the n)tant petton )hould .e d)!))ed not only %or lac" o% !ert .ut al)o %or lac" o% le(al per)onalty on the part o% the pettoner to appeal the pu.lc re)pondent) ruln( on the cr!nal a)pect o% the ca)e* 73E#E4#E2 the petton ) here.y DISMISSED2 &th co)t) a(an)t the pettoner*
ISSUE The pu.lc re)pondent ,ud(e (ra$ely a.u)ed h) d)creton a!ountn( to lac" or e-ce)) o% ,ur)dcton &hen the latter acKutted the pr$ate re)pondent* LE=D The petton ) not !ertorou)* 8e ha$e thorou(hly peru)ed the record) and care%ully analy4ed the ca)e) reled upon .y
The record )ho&) that the court a .oth parte) an e-hau)t$e +uo allo&ed pre)entaton and oer o% e$dence and )u.!))on o% ther re)pect$e !e!oranda* I% ndeed pu.lc re)pondent ha) !)apprecated certan e$dence2 a) ar(ued .y the pettoner n th) petton2 )uch are not ,ur)dctonal !atter) that !ay .e deter!ned and ruled upon n a certorar proceedn(* I% at all2 )uch alle(ed error .y the pu.lc re)pondent &a) !erely an error o% ,ud(!ent2 .ut not an error o% ,ur)dcton*
PE4P0E v AS!S
#onente Mendo4a2 J* Date Au(u)t /62 /?7? #etton %or re$e& on certorar o% a re)oluton o% the Court o% Appeal) RATIO DECIDENDI
JURISDICTION; FOR CASE DIGEST
total a!ount Currency* @/
o%
#
H752755*??2
#hlppne
The pu.lc re)pondent ratocnated that the pr$ate re)pondent &a) not duly author4ed to repre)ent Sun Ray Metal2 Inc* con)dern( that there &ere other h(h o% th) petton n the ca)e at .ar2 &hat ) prayed %or ) that the dec)on o% re)pondent Jud(e dated No$e!.er /2 7>>H acKuttn( the pr$ate re)pondent .e re$er)ed*: Nothn( theren ) !entoned a.out da!a(e) or the c$l a)pect o% the ca)e* In 'ne2 the n)tant petton )hould .e d)!))ed not only %or lac" o% !ert .ut al)o %or lac" o% le(al per)onalty on the part o% the pettoner to appeal the pu.lc re)pondent) ruln( on the cr!nal a)pect o% the ca)e* 73E#E4#E2 the petton ) here.y DISMISSED2 &th co)t) a(an)t the pettoner*
ISSUE The pu.lc re)pondent ,ud(e (ra$ely a.u)ed h) d)creton a!ountn( to lac" or e-ce)) o% ,ur)dcton &hen the latter acKutted the pr$ate re)pondent* LE=D The petton ) not !ertorou)* 8e ha$e thorou(hly peru)ed the record) and care%ully analy4ed the ca)e) reled upon .y the pettoner and %ound no co(ent rea)on to depart %ro! the ,ud(!ent o% the pu.lc re)pondent n the ca)e at .ar* In the pre)ent ca)e2 na)!uch a) the pro)ecuton &a) ne$er dened any opportunty to pre)ent t) ca)e and that there ) no ndcaton or proo% that the tral &a) a )ha!2 a re$e& and con)eKuent )ettn( a)de o% the tral court)
The record )ho&) that the court a .oth parte) an e-hau)t$e +uo allo&ed pre)entaton and oer o% e$dence and )u.!))on o% ther re)pect$e !e!oranda* I% ndeed pu.lc re)pondent ha) !)apprecated certan e$dence2 a) ar(ued .y the pettoner n th) petton2 )uch are not ,ur)dctonal !atter) that !ay .e deter!ned and ruled upon n a certorar proceedn(* I% at all2 )uch alle(ed error .y the pu.lc re)pondent &a) !erely an error o% ,ud(!ent2 .ut not an error o% ,ur)dcton*
PE4P0E v AS!S
#onente Mendo4a2 J* Date Au(u)t /62 /?7? #etton %or re$e& on certorar o% a re)oluton o% the Court o% Appeal) RATIO DECIDENDI
In th) ca)e2 pettoner) acton doe) not concern the c$l a)pect o% the ca)e .ut the $aldty o% the ,ud(!ent t)el%* Indeed2 pettoner doe) not actually Kue)ton the a&ard o% da!a(e)* 8hat he contend) ) that the tral court decded the ca)e out)de the ))ue) !ade out .y the pleadn() and there.y depr$ed the pro)ecuton o% due proce))*
7
A petton %or certorar under Rule 162 not appeal2 ) the re!edy to Kue)ton a $erdct o% acKuttal &hether at the tral court or at the appellate le$el*
/
8hle certorar !ay .e a$aled o% to correct an erroneou) acKuttal2 the pettoner n )uch an e-traordnary proceedn( !u)t clearly de!on)trate 71 # a ( e
JURISDICTION; FOR CASE DIGEST
that the tral court .latantly a.u)ed t) authorty to a pont )o (ra$e a) to depr$e t o% t) $ery po&er to d)pen)e ,u)tce* 5
An appellate court n a petton %or certorar cannot re$e& a tral court) e$aluaton o% the e$dence and %actual 'ndn()* Error) o% ,ud(!ent cannot .e ra)ed n a Rule 16 petton a) a &rt o% certorar can only correct error) o% ,ur)dcton or tho)e n$ol$n( the co!!))on o% (ra$e a.u)e o% d)creton*
Re)pondent) Jud(e A)) o% the RTC2 and A.ordo
7
A.ordo &a) rdn( h) !otorcycle on h) &ay ho!e &hen an altercaton en)ued .et&een h! and the three oended parte) Monte)2 Cal$e42 and Ma,at* The accu)ed A.ordo )hot Ma,at n the le( &hle Cal$e4 &a) ht n the a.do!en* Monte) e)caped unhurt*
6
The CA d)!))ed the petton2 )ayn( that the 'ln( o% the petton %or certorar &a) the &ron( re!edy* It )ad that a) the State &a) Kue)tonn( the $erdct o% the acKuttal and 'ndn() o% le))er oen)e) .y the tral court2 the re!edy )hould ha$e .een an appeal*
/
A.ordo &a) char(ed &th t&o count) o% atte!pted !urder Ma,at and Monte)] and one count o% %ru)trated !urder Cal$e4]*
1
It )ad thu)
UIC FACTS The RTC acKutted accu)ed A.ordo o% the atte!pted !urder o% Monte)2 and only held h! la.le o% Serou) #hy)cal In,ure) %or )hootn( Cal$e42 and =e)) Serou) #hy)cal In,ure) &th re(ard to Ma,at* The OSG 'led a petton %or certorar under Rule 16 .e%ore the Court o% Appeal)2 .ut the CA d)!))ed the petton %or .en( the &ron( re!edy* Accordn( to the CA2 the re!edy )hould ha$e .een an appeal2 not petton %or certorar*
holdn( h! la.le %or Serou) #hy)cal In,ure) and =e)) Serou) #hy)cal In,ure) In the t&o other ca)e)*
a
8here the error ) not one o% ,ur)dcton .ut an error o% la& or %act a !)ta"e o% ,ud(!ent appeal ) the re!edy*
.
Secton 72 Rule 7// o% the /??? Rule) o% Cr!nal #rocedure pro$de) that any party !ay appeal %ro! a ,ud(!ent or 'nal order unle)) the accu)ed &ll .e placed n dou.le ,eopardy* In 'ln( the petton %or certorar2 the accu)ed ) there.y placed n dou.le ,eopardy*
RTC 5
The RTC held A.ordo la.le only %or Serou) #hy)cal In,ure) %or )hootn( Cal$e4 and =e)) Serou) #hy)cal In,ure) &th re(ard to Ma,at2 &hen t %ound no treachery and e$dent pre!edtaton* Four !t(atn( crcu!)tance) &ere apprecated n %a$or o% A.ordo* A.ordo &a) acKutted &th re)pect to the co!plant o% Monte)*
JURISDICTION; FOR CASE DIGEST
that the tral court .latantly a.u)ed t) authorty to a pont )o (ra$e a) to depr$e t o% t) $ery po&er to d)pen)e ,u)tce* 5
An appellate court n a petton %or certorar cannot re$e& a tral court) e$aluaton o% the e$dence and %actual 'ndn()* Error) o% ,ud(!ent cannot .e ra)ed n a Rule 16 petton a) a &rt o% certorar can only correct error) o% ,ur)dcton or tho)e n$ol$n( the co!!))on o% (ra$e a.u)e o% d)creton*
Re)pondent) Jud(e A)) o% the RTC2 and A.ordo
7
A.ordo &a) rdn( h) !otorcycle on h) &ay ho!e &hen an altercaton en)ued .et&een h! and the three oended parte) Monte)2 Cal$e42 and Ma,at* The accu)ed A.ordo )hot Ma,at n the le( &hle Cal$e4 &a) ht n the a.do!en* Monte) e)caped unhurt*
6
The CA d)!))ed the petton2 )ayn( that the 'ln( o% the petton %or certorar &a) the &ron( re!edy* It )ad that a) the State &a) Kue)tonn( the $erdct o% the acKuttal and 'ndn() o% le))er oen)e) .y the tral court2 the re!edy )hould ha$e .een an appeal*
/
A.ordo &a) char(ed &th t&o count) o% atte!pted !urder Ma,at and Monte)] and one count o% %ru)trated !urder Cal$e4]*
1
It )ad thu)
UIC FACTS The RTC acKutted accu)ed A.ordo o% the atte!pted !urder o% Monte)2 and only held h! la.le o% Serou) #hy)cal In,ure) %or )hootn( Cal$e42 and =e)) Serou) #hy)cal In,ure) &th re(ard to Ma,at* The OSG 'led a petton %or certorar under Rule 16 .e%ore the Court o% Appeal)2 .ut the CA d)!))ed the petton %or .en( the &ron( re!edy* Accordn( to the CA2 the re!edy )hould ha$e .een an appeal2 not petton %or certorar*
holdn( h! la.le %or Serou) #hy)cal In,ure) and =e)) Serou) #hy)cal In,ure) In the t&o other ca)e)*
a
8here the error ) not one o% ,ur)dcton .ut an error o% la& or %act a !)ta"e o% ,ud(!ent appeal ) the re!edy*
.
Secton 72 Rule 7// o% the /??? Rule) o% Cr!nal #rocedure pro$de) that any party !ay appeal %ro! a ,ud(!ent or 'nal order unle)) the accu)ed &ll .e placed n dou.le ,eopardy* In 'ln( the petton %or certorar2 the accu)ed ) there.y placed n dou.le ,eopardy*
c
Such recour)e ) tanta!ount to con$ertn( the petton %or certorar nto an appeal2 contrary to the Con)ttuton2 the Rule) o% Court and pre$aln( ,ur)prudence on dou.le ,eopardy*
RTC 5
The RTC held A.ordo la.le only %or Serou) #hy)cal In,ure) %or )hootn( Cal$e4 and =e)) Serou) #hy)cal In,ure) &th re(ard to Ma,at2 &hen t %ound no treachery and e$dent pre!edtaton* Four !t(atn( crcu!)tance) &ere apprecated n %a$or o% A.ordo* A.ordo &a) acKutted &th re)pect to the co!plant o% Monte)*
FACTS
CA petton d)!))ed
Na!e o% Accu)ed A.ordo
H
Na!e o% Oended #arte) Monte)2 Cal$e42 and Ma,at #ettoner #eople o% the #hlppne)
The OSG 'led a petton %or certorar under Rule 16 .e%ore the CA .a)ed on the (round that Jud(e A)) o% the RTC acted &th (ra$e a.u)e o% d)creton a!ountn( to lac" or e-ce)) o% ,ur)dcton n rendern( t) dec)on o% acKuttn( A.ordo n one ca)e2 only
70 # a ( e
JURISDICTION; FOR CASE DIGEST
d
The petton ) d)!)).le not only on the (round o% &ron( re!edy ta"en .y the pettoner to Kue)ton an error o% ,ud(!ent .ut al)o on the (round that )uch acton place) the accu)ed n dou.le ,eopardy*
ISSUE 8hether or not the proper re!edy to Kue)ton a $erdct o% acKuttal ) a petton %or certorar* DECISION #etton o% the #eople &a) partally (ranted* LE=D
acKuttal ) 'nal and unappeala.le* The rule2 ho&e$er2 ) not &thout e-cepton* In )e$eral ca)e)2 the Court ha) entertaned petton) %or certorar Kue)tonn( the acKuttal o% the accu)ed n2 or the d)!))al) o%2 cr!nal ca)e)* In #eople $ =ouel Uy2 the Court )ad that petton %or certorar under Rule 16 ) approprate upon clear )ho&n( .y the pettoner that the lo&er court n acKuttn( the accu)ed /
Co!!tted re$er).le error) o% ,ud(!ent
0
Gra$e a.u)e o% d)creton a!ountn( to lac" or e-ce)) o% ,ur)dcton or denal o% due proce))*
Such co!!))on o% the lo&er court render) t) ,ud(!ent $od*
e)* $o double eo1ardy Certiorari is the 1ro1er remedy
A petton %or certorar under Rule 162 not appeal2 ) the re!edy to Kue)ton a $erdct o% acKuttal &hether at the tral court or at the appellate le$el*
8hen the order or d)!))al ) annulled or )et a)de .y an appellate court n an or(nal )pecal c$l acton $a certorar2 the r(ht o% the accu)ed a(an)t dou.le ,eopardy ) not $olated* Such d)!))al order2 .en( con)dered $od ,ud(!ent2 doe) not re)ult n ,eopardy*
e-traordnary proceedn( !u)t clearly de!on)trate that the tral court .latantly a.u)ed t) authorty to a pont )o (ra$e a) to depr$e t o% t) $ery po&er to d)pen)e ,u)tce* A readn( o% the OSG petton %al) to )ho& that the pro)ecuton &a) depr$ed o% t) r(ht to due proce))* Al)o2 &hat the OSG ) Kue)tonn( are error) o% ,ud(!ent* Th)2 ho&e$er2 cannot .e re)ol$ed &thout $olatn( A.ordo) con)ttutonally (uaranteed r(ht a(an)t dou.le ,eopardy* An appellate court n a petton %or certorar cannot re$e& a tral court) e$aluaton o% the e$dence and %actual 'ndn()* Error) o% ,ud(!ent cannot .e ra)ed n a Rule 16 petton a) a &rt o% certorar can only correct error) o% ,ur)dcton or tho)e n$ol$n( the co!!))on o% (ra$e a.u)e o% d)creton* Error of 8ud*ment v Error of 8urisdiction
Any error co!!tted n the e$aluaton o% e$dence ) !erely an error o% ,ud(!ent that cannot .e re!eded .y certorar* An error o% ,ud(!ent ) one n &hch the court !ay co!!t n the e-erc)e o% t) ,ur)dcton* An error o% ,ur)dcton ) one &here the act
JURISDICTION; FOR CASE DIGEST
d
The petton ) d)!)).le not only on the (round o% &ron( re!edy ta"en .y the pettoner to Kue)ton an error o% ,ud(!ent .ut al)o on the (round that )uch acton place) the accu)ed n dou.le ,eopardy*
ISSUE 8hether or not the proper re!edy to Kue)ton a $erdct o% acKuttal ) a petton %or certorar* DECISION #etton o% the #eople &a) partally (ranted* LE=D
acKuttal ) 'nal and unappeala.le* The rule2 ho&e$er2 ) not &thout e-cepton* In )e$eral ca)e)2 the Court ha) entertaned petton) %or certorar Kue)tonn( the acKuttal o% the accu)ed n2 or the d)!))al) o%2 cr!nal ca)e)* In #eople $ =ouel Uy2 the Court )ad that petton %or certorar under Rule 16 ) approprate upon clear )ho&n( .y the pettoner that the lo&er court n acKuttn( the accu)ed /
Co!!tted re$er).le error) o% ,ud(!ent
0
Gra$e a.u)e o% d)creton a!ountn( to lac" or e-ce)) o% ,ur)dcton or denal o% due proce))*
Such co!!))on o% the lo&er court render) t) ,ud(!ent $od*
e)* $o double eo1ardy Certiorari is the 1ro1er remedy
A petton %or certorar under Rule 162 not appeal2 ) the re!edy to Kue)ton a $erdct o% acKuttal &hether at the tral court or at the appellate le$el* Snce appeal could not .e ta"en &thout $olatn( A.ordo) con)ttutonally (uaranteed r(ht a(an)t dou.le ,eopardy2 the OSG &a) correct n pur)un( t) cau)e $a a petton %or certorar under Rule 16 .e%ore the appellate court*
8hen the order or d)!))al ) annulled or )et a)de .y an appellate court n an or(nal )pecal c$l acton $a certorar2 the r(ht o% the accu)ed a(an)t dou.le ,eopardy ) not $olated* Such d)!))al order2 .en( con)dered $od ,ud(!ent2 doe) not re)ult n ,eopardy* 4S":s 1etition for certiorari before the CA, hoever, is bereft of merit
Ece1tion to inality?of?Acuittal octrine
8hle the CA &a) erroneou) o% d)!))n( the petton2 the OSG) petton %or certorar % ($en due cour)e ) .ere%t o% !ert*
In our ,ur)dcton2 &e adhere to the 'nalty>12 pr$ate re)pondent2 a)))ted .y a coun)el de parte, pleaded not (ulty to the cr!e char(ed* @6 A%ter tral on the !ert)2 pu.lc re)pondent rendered a dec)on @1 acKuttn( pr$ate re)pondent on (round o% rea)ona.le dou.t* The dec)on2 !ore partcularly the acKuttal o% pr$ate re)pondent2 ) .en( a))aled via a petton %or certiorari under Rule 16 o% the Rule) o% Court* #ettoner contend) that pu.lc re)pondent2 n acKuttn( pr$ate re)pondent2 co!!tted (ra$e a.u)e o% d)creton .y (norn( !ateral %act) and e$dence on record &hch2 &hen con)dered2 &ould lead to the ne$ta.le conclu)on o% the latter) (ult .eyond rea)ona.le dou.t* It added that the appeala.lty o% the tral court) dec)on o% acKuttal n the conte-t o% the con)ttutonal (uarantee a(an)t dou.le ,eopardy )hould .e re)ol$ed )nce t ha) t&o pendn( petton)@0 .e%ore the court ra)n( the )a!e Kue)ton* #ettoner n%or!) the Court that n t) pror petton n People v. 1elasco2@ t ha) pre)ented and e-ten)$ely d)cu))ed the no& )ettled con)ttutonal doctrne n the Unted State) that the Dou.le Jeopardy Clau)e doe) per!t a re$e& o% acKuttal) decreed .y tral !a()trate) &here2
petton %or certiorari under Rule 16 o% the Rule) o% Court2 appealed the dec)on o% Lon* Tr)o D*C* +ela)co acKuttn( accu)ed Lonorato Gal$e4 o% the char(e) o% !urder and dou.le %ru)trated !urder due to n)u3cency o% e$dence2 and o% the char(e o% unauthor4ed carryn( o% 'rear! on the (round that the act char(ed &a) not a $olaton o% la&* Th) Court d)!))ed the petton On 7? No$e!.er /??H2 the Court (a$e due cour)e to the petton and reKured the parte) to )u.!t ther re)pect$e !e!oranda* @7H #r$ate re)pondent Muyot 'led h) !e!orandu! on H March /??6* @76 In$o"n( the Rule o% Dou.le Jeopardy2 he pray) that the petton .e d)!))ed* ISSUE 8LETLER OR NOT TLE DECISION OF RES#ONDENT COURT ACUITTING #RI+ATE RES#ONDENT CAN BE RE+IE8ED ON A #ETITION FOR RE+IE8 ON CER(2ORAR2 * 8LETLER OR NOT #RI+ATE RES#ONDENT SLOU=D BE CON+ICTED FOR +IO=ATION OF TLE DANGEROUS DRUG ACT OF 7>0/ ON TLE BASIS
JURISDICTION; FOR CASE DIGEST
the parte)2 and t) conclu)on) anchored on the )ad 'ndn() and t) conclu)on) o% la&* 5".#. $o. %-%L. 8uly %J, (J6 PE4P0E 4 T3E P3!0!PP!$ES, petitioner, vs. 34$. PE#0!TA 8. T#!A?T!#4$A, in her ca1acity as Presidin* 8ud*e, Branch %(, #e*ional Trial Court, ;ueHon City and C3!E !$SPECT4# #E$AT4 A. M924T, respondents. ACTS/
Can the (o$ern!ent appeal %ro! a ,ud(!ent acKuttn( the accu)ed a%ter tral on the !ert) &thout $olatn( the con)ttutonal precept a(an)t dou.le ,eopardy] Ar!ed &th t&o )earch &arrant)2 @/ !e!.er) o% the Natonal Bureau o% In$e)t(aton NBI Ant< Or(an4ed Cr!e D$)on2 to(ether &th !e!.er) o% the NBI Specal In$e)t(aton D$)on and the #re)dental Intell(ence and Counter0/ ON TLE BASIS OF TLE E+IDENCE #RESENTED B TLE #ROSECUTION* On the 'r)t ))ue2 pettoner ar(ue) that not&th)tandn( our dec)on n People v. 1elasco2@71 the %act that &e (a$e due cour)e to the petton !ean) that the ))ue on the )u3cency o% the e$dence n th) ca)e !ay .e re$e&ed* It added that a petton 7> # a ( e
JURISDICTION; FOR CASE DIGEST
%or certiorari )hould .e an a$ala.le re!edy to Kue)ton the acKuttal o% the accu)ed* On the )econd ))ue2 pettoner !antan) that re)pondent court a.u)ed t) d)creton n d)re(ardn( the te)t!one) o% the NBI a(ent) on the d)co$ery o% the dan(erou) dru( de)pte the a.)ence o% any e$dence to )ho& that they &ere !pelled .y any !proper !ot$e* To )ettle the ))ue o% &hether or not an acKuttal can )tll .e appealed2 th) Court pronounced n People v. 1elasco@70 that a) !andated .y the Con)ttuton2 )tatute) and ,ur)prudence2 an acKuttal ) 'nal and unappeala.le on the (round o% dou.le ,eopardy2 &hether t happen) at the tral court le$el or .e%ore the Court o% Appeal)* In (eneral2 the rule ) that a re!and to a tral court o% a ,ud(!ent o% acKuttal .rou(ht .e%ore the Supre!e Court on certiorari cannot .e had unle)) there ) a 'ndn( o% !)tral2 a) n alman v. Sandigan#ayan*@7 Only &hen there ) a 'ndn( o% a )ha! tral can the doctrne o% dou.le ,eopardy .e not n$o"ed .ecau)e the people2 a) repre)ented .y the pro)ecuton2 &ere dened due proce))* Fro! the %ore(on( pronounce!ent)2 t )
due cour)e to the petton2 the ))ue on the )u3cency o% the e$dence !ay .e re$e&ed2 to .e untena.le* The %act that the petton &a) ($en due cour)e doe) not nece))arly !ean &e ha$e to loo" nto the )u3cency o% the e$dence )nce the ))ue to .e re)ol$ed ) the appeala.lty o% an acKuttal* 8e ha$e cate(orcally ruled n People v. 1elasco@/? that2 e-cept &hen there ) a 'ndn( o% !)tral2 no appeal &ll le n ca)e o% an acKuttal* There .en( no !)tral n the ca)e .e%ore u)2 &e 'nd no need to ree-a!ne the e$dence2 .ecau)e % &e do )o2 &e &ll .e allo&n( an appeal to .e !ade on an acKuttal &hch &ould clearly .e n $olaton o% the accu)ed) r(ht a(an)t dou.le ,eopardy* #ettoner2 via a petton %or re$e& on certiorari 2 pray) %or the null'caton and the )ettn( a)de o% the dec)on o% pu.lc re)pondent acKuttn( pr$ate re)pondent cla!n( that the %or!er a.u)ed her d)creton n d)re(ardn( the te)t!one) o% the NBI a(ent) on the d)co$ery o% the lle(al dru()* The petton )!ac") n the heart o% the lo&er court) apprecaton o% the e$dence o% the parte)* It ) apparent %ro! the dec)on o% pu.lc re)pondent that )he con)dered all the e$dence adduced .y the parte)* E$en a))u!n( arguendo that pu.lc re)pondent !ay ha$e !properly a))e))ed the e$d hand &hat ) an ) that the
n e-ce)) o% ,ur)dcton2 or &th (ra$e a.u)e o% d)creton &hch ) tanta!ount to lac" or n e-ce)) o% ,ur)dcton and &hch error ) correct.le only .y the e-traordnary &rt o% certiorari *@// Certiorari &ll not .e ))ued to cure error) .y the tral court n t) apprecaton o% the e$dence o% the parte)2 and t) conclu)on) anchored on the )ad 'ndn() and t) conclu)on) o% la&*@/5 Snce no error o% ,ur)dcton can .e attr.uted to pu.lc re)pondent n her a))e))!ent o% the e$dence2 certiorari &ll not le* 73E#E4#E2 the petton %or certiorari ) here.y DISMISSED* S4 4#E#E. 5".#. $o. %J&(II. 4ctober %&, ('6 843$S4$ 0EE, petitioner, vs. PE4P0E 4 T3E P3!0!PP!$ES and $E9"E$E MA#GET!$", !$C., respondents. ACTS/
NEUGENE Mar"etn(2 Inc* NMI &a) ncorporated on January /02 7>0 &th %und) pro$ded .y the Uy Fa!ly* It had an author4ed captal )toc" o% #5 !llon d$ded nto 5?2??? )hare) &th a
JURISDICTION; FOR CASE DIGEST
%or certiorari )hould .e an a$ala.le re!edy to Kue)ton the acKuttal o% the accu)ed* On the )econd ))ue2 pettoner !antan) that re)pondent court a.u)ed t) d)creton n d)re(ardn( the te)t!one) o% the NBI a(ent) on the d)co$ery o% the dan(erou) dru( de)pte the a.)ence o% any e$dence to )ho& that they &ere !pelled .y any !proper !ot$e* To )ettle the ))ue o% &hether or not an acKuttal can )tll .e appealed2 th) Court pronounced n People v. 1elasco@70 that a) !andated .y the Con)ttuton2 )tatute) and ,ur)prudence2 an acKuttal ) 'nal and unappeala.le on the (round o% dou.le ,eopardy2 &hether t happen) at the tral court le$el or .e%ore the Court o% Appeal)* In (eneral2 the rule ) that a re!and to a tral court o% a ,ud(!ent o% acKuttal .rou(ht .e%ore the Supre!e Court on certiorari cannot .e had unle)) there ) a 'ndn( o% !)tral2 a) n alman v. Sandigan#ayan*@7 Only &hen there ) a 'ndn( o% a )ha! tral can the doctrne o% dou.le ,eopardy .e not n$o"ed .ecau)e the people2 a) repre)ented .y the pro)ecuton2 &ere dened due proce))* Fro! the %ore(on( pronounce!ent)2 t ) clear n th) ,ur)dcton that a%ter tral on the !ert)2 an acKuttal ) !!edately 'nal and cannot .e appealed on the (round o% dou.le ,eopardy* The only e-cepton &here dou.le ,eopardy cannot .e n$o"ed ) &here there ) a 'ndn( o% !)tral re)ultn( n a denal o% due proce))* 8e 'nd pettoner) ar(u!ent that2 de)pte our ruln( n People v. 1elasco, @7> )nce &e (a$e
due cour)e to the petton2 the ))ue on the )u3cency o% the e$dence !ay .e re$e&ed2 to .e untena.le* The %act that the petton &a) ($en due cour)e doe) not nece))arly !ean &e ha$e to loo" nto the )u3cency o% the e$dence )nce the ))ue to .e re)ol$ed ) the appeala.lty o% an acKuttal* 8e ha$e cate(orcally ruled n People v. 1elasco@/? that2 e-cept &hen there ) a 'ndn( o% !)tral2 no appeal &ll le n ca)e o% an acKuttal* There .en( no !)tral n the ca)e .e%ore u)2 &e 'nd no need to ree-a!ne the e$dence2 .ecau)e % &e do )o2 &e &ll .e allo&n( an appeal to .e !ade on an acKuttal &hch &ould clearly .e n $olaton o% the accu)ed) r(ht a(an)t dou.le ,eopardy* #ettoner2 via a petton %or re$e& on certiorari 2 pray) %or the null'caton and the )ettn( a)de o% the dec)on o% pu.lc re)pondent acKuttn( pr$ate re)pondent cla!n( that the %or!er a.u)ed her d)creton n d)re(ardn( the te)t!one) o% the NBI a(ent) on the d)co$ery o% the lle(al dru()* The petton )!ac") n the heart o% the lo&er court) apprecaton o% the e$dence o% the parte)* It ) apparent %ro! the dec)on o% pu.lc re)pondent that )he con)dered all the e$dence adduced .y the parte)* E$en a))u!n( arguendo that pu.lc re)pondent !ay ha$e !properly a))e))ed the e$dence on hand2 &hat ) certan ) that the dec)on &a) arr$ed at only a%ter all the e$dence &a) con)dered2 &e(hed and pa))ed upon* In )uch a ca)e2 any error co!!tted n the e$aluaton o% e$dence ) !erely an error o% ,ud(!ent that cannot .e re!eded .y certiorari * An error o% ,ud(!ent ) one n &hch the court !ay co!!t n the e-erc)e o% t) ,ur)dcton* @/7 An error o% ,ur)dcton ) one &here the act co!planed o% &a) ))ued .y the court &thout or
n e-ce)) o% ,ur)dcton2 or &th (ra$e a.u)e o% d)creton &hch ) tanta!ount to lac" or n e-ce)) o% ,ur)dcton and &hch error ) correct.le only .y the e-traordnary &rt o% certiorari *@// Certiorari &ll not .e ))ued to cure error) .y the tral court n t) apprecaton o% the e$dence o% the parte)2 and t) conclu)on) anchored on the )ad 'ndn() and t) conclu)on) o% la&*@/5 Snce no error o% ,ur)dcton can .e attr.uted to pu.lc re)pondent n her a))e))!ent o% the e$dence2 certiorari &ll not le* 73E#E4#E2 the petton %or certiorari ) here.y DISMISSED* S4 4#E#E. 5".#. $o. %J&(II. 4ctober %&, ('6 843$S4$ 0EE, petitioner, vs. PE4P0E 4 T3E P3!0!PP!$ES and $E9"E$E MA#GET!$", !$C., respondents. ACTS/
NEUGENE Mar"etn(2 Inc* NMI &a) ncorporated on January /02 7>0 &th %und) pro$ded .y the Uy Fa!ly* It had an author4ed captal )toc" o% #5 !llon d$ded nto 5?2??? )hare) &th a par $alue o% #7?? per )hare* The or(nal ncorporator)2 &th ther corre)pondn( nu!.er o% )hare) and the a!ount) thereo%2 are a) %ollo&) John)on 1??
=ee # 1?2???*??
/? # a ( e
JURISDICTION; FOR CASE DIGEST
=o" 72/?? Charle) 72?? Eu(eno /27?? Ar)eno 5??
Chun
O*
Suen 7/?2???*?? Sy 7?2???*??
Flore)2 Jr* /7?2???*?? an(2 Jr* 5?2???*?? T O T A = 12??? #1??2???*?? _____ _____ ____
There &ere t&o )toc" d$dend declaraton)2 one on June 02 7>? n the a!ount o% #1?2???*?? and another on May /2 7>7 %or #H?2???*??* On May 762 7>1 Eu(eno Flore)2 Jr* a))(nedPd$e)ted h!)el% o% h) )hare) n %a$or o% Sonny Moreno2 72?6? )hare); Ar)eno an(2 Jr*2 0?? )hare) and Charle) O* Sy2 0?? )hare)* @7
In$oce No* ?7?* @5 On June /62 7>02 +MCI a(an purcha)ed /2??? pece) o% e!pty &hte .a() %ro! NMI %or the prce o% #/?H2H??*?? and the latter ))ued Char(e In$oce No* ?77 @H dated June /62 7>0* In pay!ent o% )ad purcha)e) %ro! NMI2 +MCI dre& and ))ued t&o Ban" o% the #hlppne I)land) B#I Chec") Chec" No* ?10?1 dated Au(u)t 52 7>0 n the a!ount o% #616206?*??@6 and Chec" No* ?1>>5 dated Au(u)t 7>2 7>0 n the a!ount o% #>5H2H??*??* @1 Both chec") &ere paya.le to the order o% NMI*
prayn(2 a!on( other thn()2 %or the annul!ent or null'caton o% the Cert'caton o% Fln( o% Re)oluton o% +oluntary D))oluton o% NMI %or .en( contrary to la& and t) .y02 )toc"holder) o&nn( t&o2 ?7?2 and ?772 ))ued .y NMI to +MCI*
#ur)uant thereto2 a )pecal )toc"holder) !eetn( &a) held on Octo.er /H2 7>0 n Bacolod Cty* Accordn(ly2 notce) &ere a(an )ent to all )toc"holder) o% record2 all o% &ho! properly ac"no&led(ed the )ad notce)2 that a !eetn( &a) to .e held on No$e!.er 5?2 7>0 to con)der the d))oluton o% the corporaton* A(an the )toc"holder) &ho attended the Octo.er /H2 7>0 !eetn( &ere pre)ent* Upon
In the !eant!e2 the tru)tee &rote the pettoner2 John)on =ee2 on March 2 7> reKue)tn( h! to turn o$er to t the #726??276?*?? he rece$ed n pay!ent o% the e!pty .a() )old .y NMI to +CMI* Lo&e$er2 he %aled to do )o* @0
Durn( the reKu)te prel!nary n$e)t(aton2 the pettoner and Moreno )u.!tted ther counter? n the a!ount o% #1?2???*?? and another on May /2 7>7 %or #H?2???*??* On May 762 7>1 Eu(eno Flore)2 Jr* a))(nedPd$e)ted h!)el% o% h) )hare) n %a$or o% Sonny Moreno2 72?6? )hare); Ar)eno an(2 Jr*2 0?? )hare) and Charle) O* Sy2 0?? )hare)* @7 On June 772 7>02 the NMI )old and del$ered to the +ctora) Mlln( Co!pany2 Inc* +MCI2 n +ctora)2 Ne(ro) Occdental2 0026?? pece) o% e!pty &hte .a() %or the prce o% #616206?*??* NMI ))ued Char(e In$oce No* ??>@/ dated June 772 7>0 to +MCI co$ern( )ad )ale* On June 72 7>02 +MCI purcha)ed 7??2??? pece) o% e!pty &hte .a() %ro! NMI %or #05?2???*?? %or &hch NMI ))ued Char(e
In$oce No* ?7?* @5 On June /62 7>02 +MCI a(an purcha)ed /2??? pece) o% e!pty &hte .a() %ro! NMI %or the prce o% #/?H2H??*?? and the latter ))ued Char(e In$oce No* ?77 @H dated June /62 7>0* In pay!ent o% )ad purcha)e) %ro! NMI2 +MCI dre& and ))ued t&o Ban" o% the #hlppne I)land) B#I Chec") Chec" No* ?10?1 dated Au(u)t 52 7>0 n the a!ount o% #616206?*??@6 and Chec" No* ?1>>5 dated Au(u)t 7>2 7>0 n the a!ount o% #>5H2H??*??* @1 Both chec") &ere paya.le to the order o% NMI*
prayn(2 a!on( other thn()2 %or the annul!ent or null'caton o% the Cert'caton o% Fln( o% Re)oluton o% +oluntary D))oluton o% NMI %or .en( contrary to la& and t) .y02 )toc"holder) o&nn( t&o2 ?7?2 and ?772 ))ued .y NMI to +MCI*
#ur)uant thereto2 a )pecal )toc"holder) !eetn( &a) held on Octo.er /H2 7>0 n Bacolod Cty* Accordn(ly2 notce) &ere a(an )ent to all )toc"holder) o% record2 all o% &ho! properly ac"no&led(ed the )ad notce)2 that a !eetn( &a) to .e held on No$e!.er 5?2 7>0 to con)der the d))oluton o% the corporaton* A(an the )toc"holder) &ho attended the Octo.er /H2 7>0 !eetn( &ere pre)ent* Upon !oton duly )econded2 the d))oluton &a) appro$ed* #er Re)oluton o% the Board o% Drector)2 the la& 'r! o% Reye)2 Treye) Fudoln =a& O3ce &a) apponted a) tru)tee to collect all the rece$a.le) o% the corporaton* On Moreno2 petton Clearn(
March //2 7>2 John)on =ee2 Sonny =eonco Tan and Ncanor Martn 'led a &th the Securte) and In$e)t(aton Depart!ent SICD o% the Co!!))on
In the !eant!e2 the tru)tee &rote the pettoner2 John)on =ee2 on March 2 7> reKue)tn( h! to turn o$er to t the #726??276?*?? he rece$ed n pay!ent o% the e!pty .a() )old .y NMI to +CMI* Lo&e$er2 he %aled to do )o* @0
Durn( the reKu)te prel!nary n$e)t(aton2 the pettoner and Moreno )u.!tted ther counter02 )he &ent to the o3ce o% the +MCI and nKured % t )tll had cope) o% the t&o chec") and the cler" thereat n%or!ed her that t &ould .e d3cult to locate /7 # a ( e
JURISDICTION; FOR CASE DIGEST
the chec") a) they &ere )tored n the #odega2 &here !any other chec") &ere "ept* @7? Flore) al)o te)t'ed that the )(nature) at the dor)al porton o% the chec") &ere tho)e o% the pettoner2 the #re)dent o% NMI2 &th &ho! )he had .een &or"n(2 and that he ndor)ed and depo)ted the )a!e on Septe!.er H2 7>0 &th the Sold.an"2 n)tead o% the B#I #la4a Cer$ante) .ranch n Manla2 the o3cal depo)tory .an" o% NMI* Accordn( to Flore)2 )he &a) a.le to )ecure !cro'l! cope) o% the chec") %ro! Sold.an"2 and &a) )ure that the cope) o% the chec") and n$oce) &ere %ath%ul reproducton) o% the or(nal cope) thereo%* @77
that e$en % the content) o% the chec") &ere the )u.,ect o% nKury2 .a)ed on the proo%) adduced .y the pro)ecuton2 )uch chec") are ad!)).le n e$dence* The Court o% Appeal) declared that2 n any e$ent2 the pro)ecuton pro$ed the lo)) or de)tructon or non0 &th the Sold.an"2 n)tead o% the B#I #la4a Cer$ante) .ranch n Manla2 the o3cal depo)tory .an" o% NMI* Accordn( to Flore)2 )he &a) a.le to )ecure !cro'l! cope) o% the chec") %ro! Sold.an"2 and &a) )ure that the cope) o% the chec") and n$oce) &ere %ath%ul reproducton) o% the or(nal cope) thereo%* @77
that e$en % the content) o% the chec") &ere the )u.,ect o% nKury2 .a)ed on the proo%) adduced .y the pro)ecuton2 )uch chec") are ad!)).le n e$dence* The Court o% Appeal) declared that2 n any e$ent2 the pro)ecuton pro$ed the lo)) or de)tructon or non72 &hch d)!))ed +*C* #once Co!pany2 Inc*) +C# #etton %or Certorar* The CA held that +C#) re)ort to a petton %or certorar under Rule 16 o% the Rule) o% Court &a) napproprate and that the tral court) re,ecton o% the co!!))oner) appra)al report dd not a!ount to a (ra$e a.u)e o% t) d)creton* On Octo.er 62 7>02 re)pondent Muncpalty no& Cty o% #araaKue #araaKue !uncpalty 'led a co!plant 0 a(an)t pettoner +C# %or the e-propraton e-propraton o% t) property2 &hch ) located n the !uncpalty) Barro San Don)o and co$ered .y Tran)%er Cert'cate o% Ttle TCT No* 77166H* The !uncpalty ntended to de$elop the property %or t) landle)) re)dent)2 n lne &th the #re)dental Co!!))on on Ur.an #oor) cla))'caton o% the )te a) an area o% prorty de$elop!ent* > Re)pondent Sa!pa(uta Lll)
Lo!eo&ner) A))ocaton2 Inc* SLLAI2 con))tn( o% the property) actual occupant)2 &ho are al)o the ntended .ene'care) o% the acton2 nter$ened n the ca)e* 7? On Au(u)t /52 /??/2 the Re(onal Tral Court RTC o% #araaKue2 Branch /0H2 )u)taned the !uncpalty) r(ht to e-proprate the )ad property 77 and to a &rt o% po))e))on* 7/ The tral court al)o n%or!ed the parte) n the )a!e Order o% the rec"onn( perod %or the deter!naton o% ,u)t co!pen)aton2 co!pen)aton2 thu) The de%en)e) ha$n( ha$n( thu) .een .een ruled upon2 upon2 the Court here.y declare) that the plant ha) the la&%ul r(ht to ta"e the property )ou(ht to .e e-proprated %or the pu.lc u)e or purpo)e de)cr.ed n the co!plant2 upon the pay!ent o% ,u)t co!pen)aton co!pen)aton to .e deter!ned deter!ned a) a) o% the date o% the ta"n( o% the property or the 'ln( o% the co!plant2 &hche$er ca!e 'r)t *75 Ruln( o% the Tral Court On March 7?2 /??62 Jud(e Fortunto =* Madrona Jud(e Madrona rendered h) Dec)on re,ectn( the report* The tral court e-planed that ,u)t co!pen)aton2 a) Secton H o% Rule 10 o% the Rule) o% Court pro$de)2 /0 !u)t reect the $alue and character o% the property )ou(ht to .e e-proprated2 at the t!e t &a) ta"en or at the t!e the co!plant %or e-propraton &a) 'led2 &hche$er ca!e 'r)t* Applyn( th) rule to the %act) o% the ca)e2 the rec"onn( perod )hould ha$e .een the t!e o% 'ln( o% the co!plant n 7>0 .ecau)e t too" place .e%ore the ta"n( o% the property n /??/* The report $olated th) rule .y u)n( data %ro! 7>>1 on&ard)*
The tral court court then !ade !ade an ndependent ndependent 'ndn( .a)ed on the e$dence already on hand* It deter!ned that there e-)t)2 on record2 a cert'caton %ro! the O3ce o% the Cty A))e))or2 that the property) !ar"et $alue %or the year) 7>6 to 7>>5 &hch nclude) the year the co!plant &a) 'led &a) #725112H??*??* / Th) $alue rou(hly tran)late) to #06 per )Kuare !eter2 %or a total o% #7250/256?*??* The d)po)t$e porton o% the tral court) Dec)on read) 8LEREFORE2 .a)ed then %ro! @)c the %ore(on( con)deraton)2 con)deraton)2 con)dern( that the land &a) then a ra&land n 7>0 at the t!e o% the 'ln( o% the A!ended Co!plant %or e-propraton2 t ) the deter!naton o% the Court that the ,u)t co!pen)aton %or the e-propraton o% the parcel o% land de)cr.ed a) =ot No* H6> o% the Cad* Sur$ey o% #araaKue2 located n San Don)o2 #araaKue Cty2 contann( an area o% 72/> )Kuare !eter)2 re()tered under Tran)%er Cert'cate o% Ttle No* 77166H o% the Re()try o% Deed) o% #araaKue Cty n the na!e o% the de%endant +*C* #once Co*2 Inc*2 ) here.y '-ed at #06*?? per )Kuare !eter2 or %or an a((re(ate $aluaton o% #7250/256?*??*
Ruln( o% the Court o% Appeal)
At the out)et2 the CA o.)er$ed that an ordnary appeal under Rule H7 &a) a$ala.le to pettoner and &ould ha$e con)ttuted a plan2 )peedy and adeKuate re!edy to correct any perce$ed error n the RTC Dec)on* +C#2 %or un"no&n rea)on)2 /H # a ( e
JURISDICTION; FOR CASE JURISDICTION; DIGEST
%aled to a$al t)el% o% the )ad re!edy &thn the re(le!entary re(le!entary perod* La$n( lo)t t) r(ht to appeal2 +C# re)orted to a #etton %or Certorar n the hope that t could ne$erthele))2 o.tan a re$er)al o% the RTC Dec)on* The CA held that certorar ) una$aln( a) a )u.)ttute %or a lo)t appeal* The CA .ru)hed a)de a) un%ounded +C#) e-cu)e that an appeal &ould .e )lo& and nadeKuate* Such e-cu)e2 t noted2 &ould allo& any lt(ant to a$al t)el% o% e-traordnary re!ede) a%ter they lo)e ther r(ht to appeal* H7 The CA then held held that2 e$en % t &ere to to rule that certorar ) proper2 t &ould )tll d)!)) the petton %or certorar* It held that (ra$e a.u)e o% d)creton &a) not attendant n the tral court) re,ecton o% the co!!))oner) report* The CA e-planed that the tral court ha) )uch authorty a) lon( a) t 'nd) ,u)t cau)e* The report) contra$enton o% the prncple re(ardn( the proper rec"onn( perod %or the deter!naton o% ,u)t co!pen)aton co!pen)aton ) )uch a cau)e* H/
!ssues
7* I) pettoner) lac" o% coun)el a ,u)t'a.le e-cu)e %or the late 'ln( o% a Moton %or
)The petton ha) no !ert* #erod %or 'ln( a Moton %or Recon)deraton not e-tend.le; %alure to 'le Moton %or Recon)deraton on t!e render) the Dec)on 'nal* +C# rece$ed the CA Dec)on on Aprl 7?2 /??0* Ba)ed on Rule 6/ o% the Rule) o% Court 60 and Rule 0 o% the /??/ Internal Rule) o% the Court o% Appeal) IRCA2 6 +C# had 76 day) %ro! t) recept o% the Dec)on2 or untl Aprl /62 /??02 to 'le a !oton %or recon)deraton2 an appeal2 or a !oton %or ne& tral* Falure to 'le the nece))ary pleadn( &thn the re(le!entary perod &ould render the CA Dec)on 'nal and e-ecutory* 6> In)tead o% 'ln( a Moton %or Recon)deraton on Aprl /62 /??02 +C# 'led a MOTEQ on the (round that t) la&yer had &thdra&n %ro! the ca)e and t &a) )tll n the proce)) o% retann( a ne& coun)el* The CA &a) correct n denyn( pettoner) MOTEQ .ecau)e the perod to 'le a Moton %or Recon)deraton ) not e-tend.le *1? The Court ha) ha) pronounced pronounced )trct adherence to the rule lad do&n n La.aluya) Enterpr)e)2 Inc* $* Jud(e Jap)on 17that [no !oton %or e-ten)on o% t!e to 'le a !oton %or ne& tral or recon)deraton !ay .e 'led &th the Metropoltan or Muncpal Tral Court)2 the
on May /62 /??0 a) t) latene)) had rendered t !oot*
There ) no no ,u)t'caton ,u)t'caton %or the applcaton applcaton o% eKuty and %or the rela-aton o% the rule)*
+C# ur(e) the Court to rela- the rule) on the re(le!entary perod on the (round that t &a) !po)).le %or t to !eet the deadlne &thout the ad o% coun)el* The Court2 n the ntere)t o% eKuty and and ,u)tce2 )o!et!e) allo&) a l.eral readn( o% the rule)2 )o lon( a) the pettoner ) a.le to pro$e the e-)tence o% co(ent rea)on) to e-cu)e t) non< o.)er$ance*16 The Court2 ho&e$er2 ho&e$er2 doe) not not 'nd a ,u)t'caton to &arrant )uch rela-aton n th) n)tance* It ) ncu!.ent upon the clent to e-ert all eort) to retan the )er$ce) o% ne& coun)el* 11 +C# "ne& )nce Au(u)t />2 /??12 )e$en !onth) .e%ore the CA rendered t) Dec)on2 that t had no coun)el* De)pte t) "no&led(e2 t dd not !!edately hre a la&yer to attend to t) aar)* In)tead2 t
JURISDICTION; FOR CASE JURISDICTION; DIGEST
%aled to a$al t)el% o% the )ad re!edy &thn the re(le!entary re(le!entary perod* La$n( lo)t t) r(ht to appeal2 +C# re)orted to a #etton %or Certorar n the hope that t could ne$erthele))2 o.tan a re$er)al o% the RTC Dec)on* The CA held that certorar ) una$aln( a) a )u.)ttute %or a lo)t appeal* The CA .ru)hed a)de a) un%ounded +C#) e-cu)e that an appeal &ould .e )lo& and nadeKuate* Such e-cu)e2 t noted2 &ould allo& any lt(ant to a$al t)el% o% e-traordnary re!ede) a%ter they lo)e ther r(ht to appeal* H7 The CA then held held that2 e$en % t &ere to to rule that certorar ) proper2 t &ould )tll d)!)) the petton %or certorar* It held that (ra$e a.u)e o% d)creton &a) not attendant n the tral court) re,ecton o% the co!!))oner) report* The CA e-planed that the tral court ha) )uch authorty a) lon( a) t 'nd) ,u)t cau)e* The report) contra$enton o% the prncple re(ardn( the proper rec"onn( perod %or the deter!naton o% ,u)t co!pen)aton co!pen)aton ) )uch a cau)e* H/
!ssues
7* I) pettoner) lac" o% coun)el a ,u)t'a.le e-cu)e %or the late 'ln( o% a Moton %or Recon)deraton] /* I) a #etton %or Certorar the proper re!edy to correct alle(ed error) n the tral court) Dec)on]
#90!$"/
)The petton ha) no !ert* #erod %or 'ln( a Moton %or Recon)deraton not e-tend.le; %alure to 'le Moton %or Recon)deraton on t!e render) the Dec)on 'nal* +C# rece$ed the CA Dec)on on Aprl 7?2 /??0* Ba)ed on Rule 6/ o% the Rule) o% Court 60 and Rule 0 o% the /??/ Internal Rule) o% the Court o% Appeal) IRCA2 6 +C# had 76 day) %ro! t) recept o% the Dec)on2 or untl Aprl /62 /??02 to 'le a !oton %or recon)deraton2 an appeal2 or a !oton %or ne& tral* Falure to 'le the nece))ary pleadn( &thn the re(le!entary perod &ould render the CA Dec)on 'nal and e-ecutory* 6> In)tead o% 'ln( a Moton %or Recon)deraton on Aprl /62 /??02 +C# 'led a MOTEQ on the (round that t) la&yer had &thdra&n %ro! the ca)e and t &a) )tll n the proce)) o% retann( a ne& coun)el* The CA &a) correct n denyn( pettoner) MOTEQ .ecau)e the perod to 'le a Moton %or Recon)deraton ) not e-tend.le *1? The Court ha) ha) pronounced pronounced )trct adherence to the rule lad do&n n La.aluya) Enterpr)e)2 Inc* $* Jud(e Jap)on 17that [no !oton %or e-ten)on o% t!e to 'le a !oton %or ne& tral or recon)deraton !ay .e 'led &th the Metropoltan or Muncpal Tral Court)2 the Re(onal Tral Court)2 and the Inter!edate Appellate Court no& Court o% Appeal)*[ 1/ Snce the perod to 'le a Moton %or Recon)deraton ) not e-tend.le2 +C#) MOTEQ dd not toll the re(le!entary perod perod**15 Thu)2 there there .en( no Moton %or Recon)deraton a) o% Aprl /62 /??02 the Dec)on o% the CA dated March /52 /??0 .eca!e 'nal and e-ecutory .y operaton o% la&*1H The CA &a) correct correct n denyn( denyn( the Moton Moton %or Recon)deraton that +C# had .elatedly 'led
on May /62 /??0 a) t) latene)) had rendered t !oot*
There ) no no ,u)t'caton ,u)t'caton %or the applcaton applcaton o% eKuty and %or the rela-aton o% the rule)*
+C# ur(e) the Court to rela- the rule) on the re(le!entary perod on the (round that t &a) !po)).le %or t to !eet the deadlne &thout the ad o% coun)el* The Court2 n the ntere)t o% eKuty and and ,u)tce2 )o!et!e) allo&) a l.eral readn( o% the rule)2 )o lon( a) the pettoner ) a.le to pro$e the e-)tence o% co(ent rea)on) to e-cu)e t) non< o.)er$ance*16 The Court2 ho&e$er2 ho&e$er2 doe) not not 'nd a ,u)t'caton to &arrant )uch rela-aton n th) n)tance* It ) ncu!.ent upon the clent to e-ert all eort) to retan the )er$ce) o% ne& coun)el* 11 +C# "ne& )nce Au(u)t />2 /??12 )e$en !onth) .e%ore the CA rendered t) Dec)on2 that t had no coun)el* De)pte t) "no&led(e2 t dd not !!edately hre a la&yer to attend to t) aar)* In)tead2 t &ated untl the la)t !nute2 &hen t had already rece$ed the ad$er)e CA Dec)on on Aprl 7?2 /??02 to )earch %or a coun)el; and e$en then2 +C# dd not ru)h to !eet the deadlne* It a)"ed %or an e-ten)on o% 5? day) to 'le a Moton %or Recon)deraton* 10 It 'nally retaned the )er$ce) o% a ne& coun)el on May /H2 /??02 1 nne !onth) %ro! the t!e that t) %or!er coun)el &thdre& her appearance* +C# dd not e$en atte!pt to /6 # a ( e
JURISDICTION; FOR CASE JURISDICTION; DIGEST
e-plan t) nacton* The Court cannot (rant eKuty &here t ) clearly unde)er$ed .y a (ro))ly ne(l(ent party* 1> A) the Court pronounced n another ca)e - - - Both parte) ha$e a r(ht to a )peedy re)oluton o% ther ca)e* Not only pettoner)2 .ut al)o the re)pondent)2 ha$e a r(ht to ha$e the ca)e 'nally )ettled &thout delay*
Further!ore2 the %alure to 'le - - - on t!e &a) due pr!arly to pettoner) un&)e choce) - -* They hred ther )u.)eKuent la&yer) too late* It !u)t .e ponted out that pettoner) had a choce o% &hether to contnue the )er$ce) o% ther or(nal la&yer or con)ent to let h! (o* - - They delayed n en(a(n( ther replace!ent la&yer* Ther poor choce) and lac" o% )u3cent dl(ence - - - are the !an culprt) %or the )tuaton they no& 'nd the!)el$e) n* It &ould not .e %ar to pa)) on the .ad con)eKuence) o% ther choce) to re)pondent)* #ettoner) lo& re(ard %or the rule) or nonchalance to&ard procedural reKure!ent) - - - ha) n %act contr.uted !uch to the delay2 and hence %ru)traton o% ,u)tce2 n the pre)ent ca)e* 0?
d)re(ardn( procedural rule) and the perod) allotted to t %or t) acton* It dd not attend the !eetn() .e%ore the co!!))oner) co!!))oner) %or the ntal and the 'nal $aluaton o% t) property de)pte notce* 8hen the co!!))oner) &ere 'nal4n( ther report to !eet t) deadlne2 +C# a)"ed %or an addtonal %our !onth) to )u.!t t) ndependent $aluaton o% the property* 8hle the co!!))oner) dened +C#) reKue)t2 +C#) acton .etray) t) lac" o% con)deraton con)deraton %or deadlne)* Further2 +C# dd not 'le a t!ely appeal %ro! the RTC Order denyn( t) Moton %or Recon)deraton* +C# rece$ed the )ad Order on Au(u)t /H2 /??6* In)tead o% appealn( under Rule H7 o% the Rule) o% Court2 +C# 'led2 on the 6th day %ro! t) recept o% the RTC Order2 a MOTEQ to 'le a #etton %or Certorar* 8hle the CA (ranted +C#) MOTEQ207 t &a) correct n ult!ately denyn( +C#) #etton %or Certorar on the (round that +C# cannot e-plot the re!edy o% certorar a%ter t had lo)t t) r(ht to appeal* Appeal ) a )u3cent and adeKuate re!edy unle)) the party pro$e) other&)e*
Appeal ) a )peedy re!edy2 a) an ad$er)e party can 'le t) appeal %ro! a 'nal dec)on or order !!edately a%ter rece$n( t* A party2 &ho ) alle(n( that an appeal &ll not pro!ptly rele$e t o% the n,urou) eect) o% the ,ud(!ent2 )hould e)ta.l)h %act) to )ho& ho& the appeal ) not )peedy or adeKuate* 05 +C#) e!pty prote)taton)2 there%ore2 %al to !pre))* There ) no rea)on2 and +C# cannot e-plan2 &hy an appeal &ould not .e )peedy and adeKuate to addre)) t) a))(ned error)* 0H +C# cannot co!plan o% delay .ecau)e t &a) (ulty o% delay t)el%2 and t e$en &ated untl the 6th day o% t) recept o% the CA Dec)on .e%ore ta"n( acton* Clearly2 pettoner re)orted to certorar a) a )u.)ttute %or t) lo)t appeal* 06 The CA dd not err n d)!))n( the )a!e* In )u!2 +C#) contnued ne(l(ence2 and t) re)ort to the &ron( re!edy2 placed all perce$ed error) n the dec)on) .elo& .eyond the CA) and th) Court) (ra)p* 8LEREFORE2 pre!)e) con)dered2 the petton ) DENIED* The March /52 /??0 Dec)on o% the Court o% Appeal) n CA70>72 a) &ell a) t) June H2 /??0 Re)oluton2 are AFFIRMED* SO ORDERED*
JURISDICTION; FOR CASE JURISDICTION; DIGEST
e-plan t) nacton* The Court cannot (rant eKuty &here t ) clearly unde)er$ed .y a (ro))ly ne(l(ent party* 1> A) the Court pronounced n another ca)e - - - Both parte) ha$e a r(ht to a )peedy re)oluton o% ther ca)e* Not only pettoner)2 .ut al)o the re)pondent)2 ha$e a r(ht to ha$e the ca)e 'nally )ettled &thout delay*
Further!ore2 the %alure to 'le - - - on t!e &a) due pr!arly to pettoner) un&)e choce) - -* They hred ther )u.)eKuent la&yer) too late* It !u)t .e ponted out that pettoner) had a choce o% &hether to contnue the )er$ce) o% ther or(nal la&yer or con)ent to let h! (o* - - They delayed n en(a(n( ther replace!ent la&yer* Ther poor choce) and lac" o% )u3cent dl(ence - - - are the !an culprt) %or the )tuaton they no& 'nd the!)el$e) n* It &ould not .e %ar to pa)) on the .ad con)eKuence) o% ther choce) to re)pondent)* #ettoner) lo& re(ard %or the rule) or nonchalance to&ard procedural reKure!ent) - - - ha) n %act contr.uted !uch to the delay2 and hence %ru)traton o% ,u)tce2 n the pre)ent ca)e* 0? Th) Court cannot cannot a)cr.e (ood %ath to to +C# a) t had ne(lected re(le!entary perod) n the pa)t* Another rea)on that th) Court ) una.le to accept +C#) plea %or ndul(ence ) t) o.)er$aton that +C# ha) a penchant %or
d)re(ardn( procedural rule) and the perod) allotted to t %or t) acton* It dd not attend the !eetn() .e%ore the co!!))oner) co!!))oner) %or the ntal and the 'nal $aluaton o% t) property de)pte notce* 8hen the co!!))oner) &ere 'nal4n( ther report to !eet t) deadlne2 +C# a)"ed %or an addtonal %our !onth) to )u.!t t) ndependent $aluaton o% the property* 8hle the co!!))oner) dened +C#) reKue)t2 +C#) acton .etray) t) lac" o% con)deraton con)deraton %or deadlne)* Further2 +C# dd not 'le a t!ely appeal %ro! the RTC Order denyn( t) Moton %or Recon)deraton* +C# rece$ed the )ad Order on Au(u)t /H2 /??6* In)tead o% appealn( under Rule H7 o% the Rule) o% Court2 +C# 'led2 on the 6th day %ro! t) recept o% the RTC Order2 a MOTEQ to 'le a #etton %or Certorar* 8hle the CA (ranted +C#) MOTEQ207 t &a) correct n ult!ately denyn( +C#) #etton %or Certorar on the (round that +C# cannot e-plot the re!edy o% certorar a%ter t had lo)t t) r(ht to appeal* Appeal ) a )u3cent and adeKuate re!edy unle)) the party pro$e) other&)e*
Appeal ) a )peedy re!edy2 a) an ad$er)e party can 'le t) appeal %ro! a 'nal dec)on or order !!edately a%ter rece$n( t* A party2 &ho ) alle(n( that an appeal &ll not pro!ptly rele$e t o% the n,urou) eect) o% the ,ud(!ent2 )hould e)ta.l)h %act) to )ho& ho& the appeal ) not )peedy or adeKuate* 05 +C#) e!pty prote)taton)2 there%ore2 %al to !pre))* There ) no rea)on2 and +C# cannot e-plan2 &hy an appeal &ould not .e )peedy and adeKuate to addre)) t) a))(ned error)* 0H +C# cannot co!plan o% delay .ecau)e t &a) (ulty o% delay t)el%2 and t e$en &ated untl the 6th day o% t) recept o% the CA Dec)on .e%ore ta"n( acton* Clearly2 pettoner re)orted to certorar a) a )u.)ttute %or t) lo)t appeal* 06 The CA dd not err n d)!))n( the )a!e* In )u!2 +C#) contnued ne(l(ence2 and t) re)ort to the &ron( re!edy2 placed all perce$ed error) n the dec)on) .elo& .eyond the CA) and th) Court) (ra)p* 8LEREFORE2 pre!)e) con)dered2 the petton ) DENIED* The March /52 /??0 Dec)on o% the Court o% Appeal) n CA70>72 a) &ell a) t) June H2 /??0 Re)oluton2 are AFFIRMED* SO ORDERED*
+C# atte!pt) to e-trcate t)el% %ro! the eect) o% t) ne(l(ence .y alle(n( that an appeal &ould not ha$e .een )peedy and adeKuate %or t) purpo)e* The Court2 ho&e$er2 'nd) no !ert n t) contenton*/3wphi/ B9S9E"4 VS 4MB9SMA$
A court &th appellate ,ur)dcton can re$e& .oth the %act) and the la&2 ncludn( Kue)ton) o% ,ur)dcton*0/ It can )et a)de an erroneou) dec)on and e$en null%y the )a!e2 % &arranted* /1 # a ( e
JURISDICTION; FOR CASE JURISDICTION; DIGEST
ACTS / S #r$ate re)pondent Ro)a S* Bu)ue(o
Ro)a 'led a co!plant %or 7 Concu.na(e under Artcle 55H o% the Re$)ed #enal Code; / $olaton o% Repu.lc Act No* >/1/ Ant6*
Be%ore lea$n(2 Ro)a too" up the !atter a(an &th Al%redo2 &ho re!aned oppo)ed to her &or"n( a.road* Furou) &th Ro)a) pre))n(2 Al%redo too" h) loaded (un and ponted t at Ro)a) r(ht te!ple2 threatenn( and tauntn( Ro)a to atte!pt to lea$e h! and ther %a!ly* Al%redo &a) only )ta$ed o .ecau)e Ro)a) !other arr$ed at the couple) hou)e* Al%redo le%t the hou)e n a ra(e Ro)a and her !other heard (un )hot) 'red out)de* Becau)e o% that ncdent2 Ro)a acted up to her plan and le%t %or the US* 8hle n the US2 Ro)a .eca!e ho!e)c" and &a) )u.)eKuently ,oned .y her chldren &ho &ere .rou(ht to the US .y Al%redo* Ro)a )n(ularly reared the! Al%red2 %ro! (rade )chool to un$er)ty2 &hle Ro.ert2 upon 'n)hn( h(h )chool2 &ent .ac" to Da$ao Cty to )tudy !edcne and l$ed &th Al%redo*
8hen Ro)a a)"ed Al%redo2 the latter e-planed that Sa &a) a nur)e &or"n( at the Re(onal Lo)ptal n Ta(u! &ho &a) n a )orry pl(ht a) )he &a) alle(edly .en( raped .y Ro)a) .rother< n2 the O!.ud)!an ))ued the heren a))aled Re)oluton2 d)po)n( o% the procedural ))ue) Be%ore d&elln( nto the !ert) o% the ca)e2 th) O3ce 'nd) an ur(ent need to re)ol$e the ancllary ))ue) ra)ed .y pettoner Dr* Bu)ue(o on 7* the alle(ed le(al n'r!ty o% Ro)a)) ntatory pleadn( .y re)ortn( to a procedural )hort cut &hch &ould re)ult to the delay n the d)po)ton o% th) ca)e; and /* the cr!nal char(e) !puted are not n relaton to o3ce2 hence2 the O3ce o% the #ro$ncalPCty #ro)ecutor )hall n$e)t(ate and pro)ecute th) ca)e pur)uant to OMB6
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