Julius Caesar (Translation) _ CBSE Notes 2011-2012
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Julius Caesar (translation)
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Thunder and lightning Enter Julius CAESAR in Thunder and lightning. CAESAR enters in his nightgown. his nightgown CAESAR Nor heaven nor earth have been at peace CAESAR tonight. Neither the sky nor the earth have been quiet tonight. Calpurnia cried out three times in her Thrice hath Calpurnia in her sleep cried out, sleep, “Help, someone! They’re murdering Caesar!” Who’s there? “Help, ho! They murder Caesar!”—Who’s within? Enter a SERVANT A SERVANT enters. SERVANT SERVANT My lord. My lord? CAESAR CAESAR Go bid the priests do present sacrifice Go tell the priests to perform a sacrifice immediately, and bring me their interpretation of And bring me their opinions of success. the results. SERVANT SERVANT I will, my lord. I will, my lord. Exit SERVANT The SERVANT exits. Enter CALPURNIA CALPURNIA enters. CALPURNIA CALPURNIA What mean you, Caesar? Think you to walk What are you doing, Caesar? Are you planning to go out? You’re not leaving the house forth? today. You shall not stir out of your house today. CAESAR Caesar shall forth. The things that threatened CAESAR me I will go out. The things that threaten me have only seen my back. When they see the face Ne'er looked but on my back. When they shall of Caesar, they will vanish. see The face of Caesar, they are vanishèd. CALPURNIA Caesar, I never stood on ceremonies, Yet now they fright me. There is one within, CALPURNIA Besides the things that we have heard and seen, Caesar, I never believed in omens, but now they frighten me. A servant told me the night Recounts most horrid sights seen by the watch. watchmen saw horrid sights too, but different ones from what we heard and saw. A lioness A lioness hath whelpèd in the streets, gave birth in the streets, and graves cracked open and thrust out their dead. And graves have yawned and yielded up their dead. Fierce fiery warriors fought upon the clouds In ranks and squadrons and right form of war, Which drizzled blood upon the Capitol. Fierce, fiery warriors fought in the clouds in the usual formations of war—ranks and The noise of battle hurtled in the air. squadrons—until the clouds drizzled blood onto the Capitol. The noise of battle filled the air, Horses did neigh, and dying men did groan, and horses neighed, and dying men groaned, and ghosts shrieked and squealed in the And ghosts did shriek and squeal about the streets. Oh, Caesar! These things are beyond anything we’ve seen before, and I’m afraid. streets. O Caesar! These things are beyond all use, And I do fear them. CAESAR What can be avoided CAESAR Whose end is purposed by the mighty gods? How can we avoid what the gods want to happen? But I will go out, for these bad omens Yet Caesar shall go forth, for these predictions apply to the world in general as much as they do to me. Are to the world in general as to Caesar. CALPURNIA CALPURNIA When beggars die there are no comets seen. When beggars die there are no comets in the sky. The heavens only announce the deaths of The heavens themselves blaze forth the death of princes. princes. CAESAR Cowards die many times before their deaths. The valiant never taste of death but once. CAESAR Of all the wonders that I yet have heard, Cowards die many times before their deaths. The brave experience death only once. Of all It seems to me most strange that men should the strange things I’ve ever heard, it seems most strange to me that men fear death, given fear, that death, which can’t be avoided, will come whenever it wants. Seeing that death, a necessary end, Will come when it will come. Enter SERVANT The SERVANT enters. What say the augurers? What do the priests say? SERVANT SERVANT They would not have you to stir forth today. They don’t want you to go out today. They pulled out the guts of the sacrificed animal and Plucking the entrails of an offering forth, couldn’t find its heart. They could not find a heart within the beast.
CAESAR CAESAR The gods do this to test my bravery. They’re saying I’d be an animal without a heart if I The gods do this in shame of cowardice. stayed home today out of fear. So, I won’t. Caesar should be a beast without a heart If he should stay at home today for fear. No, Caesar shall not. Danger knows full well That Caesar is more dangerous than he. 45 We are two lions littered in one day, Danger knows that Caesar is more dangerous than he is. We’re two lions born on the same And I the elder and more terrible. day in the same litter, and I’m the older and more terrible. I will go out. And Caesar shall go forth. CALPURNIA Alas, my lord, CALPURNIA Your wisdom is consumed in confidence. 50 Alas, my lord, your confidence is getting the better of your wisdom. Don’t go out today. Say Do not go forth today. Call it my fear that it’s my fear that keeps you inside and not your own. We’ll send Mark Antony to the That keeps you in the house, and not your own. senate house, and he’ll say that you’re sick today. (she kneels) Let me, on my knees, win We’ll send Mark Antony to the senate house, you over to this plan. And he shall say you are not well today. (kneels) Let me, upon my knee, prevail in this. CAESAR CAESAR Mark Antony shall say I am not well, 55 All right. Mark Antony will say I’m not well, and to please you I’ll stay at home. And for thy humor I will stay at home. CALPURNIA rises CALPURNIA gets up. Enter DECIUS DECIUS enters. Here’s Decius Brutus. He shall tell them so. Here’s Decius Brutus. He’ll tell them so. DECIUS DECIUS Caesar, all hail! Good morrow, worthy Caesar. Hail, Caesar! Good morning, worthy Caesar. I’ve come to take you to the senate house. I come to fetch you to the senate house. CAESAR And you are come in very happy time CAESAR 60 To bear my greeting to the senators And you’ve come at a good time, so you can convey my greetings to the senators and tell And tell them that I will not come today. them I won’t come today. It wouldn’t be true to say that Ican’t come, and even less true to “Cannot” is false, and that I dare not, falser. say that I don’tdare come. I simply won’t come today. Tell them so, Decius. I will not come today. Tell them so, Decius. CALPURNIA CALPURNIA 65 Say he is sick. Say he’s sick. CAESAR CAESAR Shall Caesar send a lie? Would I send a lie? Have I accomplished so much in battle, but now I’m afraid to tell some Have I in conquest stretched mine arm so far old men the truth? To be afraid to tell graybeards the truth? Decius, go tell them Caesar will not come. Decius, go tell them that Caesar won’t come. DECIUS 70 Most mighty Caesar, let me know some cause, DECIUS Most mighty Caesar, give me some reason, so I won’t be laughed at when I tell them so. Lest I be laughed at when I tell them so. CAESAR Calpurnia here, my wife, stays me at home. She dreamt tonight she saw my statue, CAESAR Which, like a fountain with an hundred spouts, Calpurnia, my wife, is keeping me at home. Last night, she dreamed she saw a statue of 75 Did run pure blood. And many lusty Romans me with a hundred holes in it, like a fountain with pure blood flowing from it, and many happy Romans came smiling and washed their hands in it. She takes these signs for 80 Came smiling and did bathe their hands in it. And these does she apply for warnings and warnings and predictions of terrible evils to come, and, on her knee, she begged me to stay portents home today. And evils imminent, and on her knee Hath begged that I will stay at home today. DECIUS This dream is all amiss interpreted. It was a vision fair and fortunate. DECIUS 85 Your statue spouting blood in many pipes, This dream has been interpreted all wrong. It was a good and lucky vision. Your statue In which so many smiling Romans bathed, spouting blood through many holes, in which many smiling Romans bathed, means that 90 Signifies that from you great Rome shall suck you’ll provide great Rome with sustaining blood, and that great men will strive to get some Reviving blood, and that great men shall press token of approval from your holy blood. This is what CALPURNIA’s dream means. For tinctures, stains, relics, and cognizance. This by CALPURNIA’s dream is signified. CAESAR CAESAR And this way have you well expounded it. You’ve offered an excellent interpretation. DECIUS DECIUS I have, when you have heard what I can say. I will have when you hear the rest of what I have to say. The senate has decided to give And know it now: the senate have concluded mighty Caesar a crown today. To give this day a crown to mighty Caesar. If you shall send them word you will not come, If you send them word that you won’t come, they might change 95 Their minds may change. their minds.
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CAESAR How foolish do your fears seem now, CALPURNIA! I am ashamèd I did yield to them. Give me my robe, for I will go.
CAESAR How foolish your fears seem now, CALPURNIA! I’m ashamed that I yielded to them. Give me my robe, because I’m going.
Enter BRUTUS, LIGARIUS, METELLUS, CASCA,TREBONIUS, CINNA,PUBLIUS, BRUTUS, LIGARIUS, METELLUS,CASCA, TREBONIUS, and PUBLIUS and CINNA enter. CAESAR CAESAR Good friends, go in and taste some wine with me. Good friends, go in and have some wine with me. And we’ll leave And we, like friends, will straightway go together. together, like friends. BRUTUS BRUTUS 130 (aside) That every “like” is not the same, O Caesar, (quietly to himself) That we are now only “like” friends—Oh Caesar The heart of Brutus earns to think upon. —makes my heart ache. Exeunt They all exit.
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Act 3, Scene 1 Original Text
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Flourish A crowd of people enters, among themARTEMIDORUS and the SOOTHSAYER. A trumpet Enter CAESAR, BRUTUS, CASSIUS,CASCA, DECIUS, METELLUS, TREBONIUS, CINNA,ANTONY, LEPIDUS, PUBLIUS,plays. CAESAR, BRUTUS, CASSIUS,CASCA, DECIUS, METELLUS, TREBONIUS,CINNA, ANTONY, LEPIDUS, POPILLIUS,PUBLIUS, and POPILLIUS LENAwith a crowd of people, including ARTEMIDORUS and the SOOTHSAYER and others enter. CAESAR CAESAR Are we all ready? What is now amiss Are we all ready? What problem should I discuss 35 That Caesar and his senate must redress? with you first? METELLUS METELLUS (kneeling) (kneeling) Most high, most mighty, and most 40Most high, most mighty, and most puissant Caesar, powerful Caesar, Metellus Cimber kneels before Metellus Cimber throws before thy seat you with a humble heart— An humble heart— CAESAR I must prevent thee, Cimber. CAESAR These couchings and these lowly courtesies I have to stop you, Cimber. These kneelings and Might fire the blood of ordinary men humble courtesies might excite ordinary men, And turn preordinance and first decree flattering them into turning Roman law into Into the law of children. Be not fond, 45 children’s games. But don’t be so foolish as to think To think that Caesar bears such rebel blood you can sway me from what’s right by using the 50That will be thawed from the true quality tactics that persuade fools—I mean this flattery, With that which melteth fools—I mean, sweet words, low bows, and puppylike fawning. Your brother Lowcrookèd curtsies, and base spaniel fawning. has been banished by decree. If you kneel and beg Thy brother by decree is banishèd. and flatter for him, I’ll kick you out of my way like If thou dost bend and pray and fawn for him, I would a dog. Know that I am not unjust, and I will I spurn thee like a cur out of my way. not grant him a pardon without reason. Know, Caesar doth not wrong, nor without cause Will he be satisfied. METELLUS METELLUS Is there no voice worthier than my own to appeal 55Is there no voice more worthy than my own To sound more sweetly in great Caesar’s ear to Caesar to repeal the order that my brother be For the repealing of my banished brother? banished? BRUTUS BRUTUS (kneeling) I kiss your hand, but not in flattery, (kneeling) I kiss thy hand, but not in flattery, Caesar, Desiring thee that Publius Cimber may Caesar. I ask you to repeal Publius Cimber’s Have an immediate freedom of repeal. CAESAR I could be well moved if I were as you. If I could pray to move, prayers would move me. But I am constant as the northern star, Of whose truefixed and resting quality 65There is no fellow in the firmament. The skies are painted with unnumbered sparks. 70They are all fire and every one doth shine, But there’s but one in all doth hold his place. 75So in the world. 'Tis furnished well with men, And men are flesh and blood, and apprehensive, Yet in the number I do know but one That unassailable holds on his rank, Unshaked of motion. And that I am he Let me a little show it even in this: That I was constant Cimber should be banished, And constant do remain to keep him so. CASCA Speak, hands, for me! 85
CASCA and the other conspirators stab CAESAR,BRUTUS last CAESAR Et tu, Bruté?—Then fall, Caesar. (dies) CINNA Liberty! Freedom! Tyranny is dead! Run hence, proclaim, cry it about the streets. CASSIUS Some to the common pulpits, and cry out, “Liberty, freedom, and enfranchisement!”
BRUTUS But here comes Antony.—Welcome, Mark Antony.
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ANTONY O mighty Caesar! Dost thou lie so low? Are all thy conquests, glories, triumphs, spoils, Shrunk to this little measure? Fare thee well. —I know not, gentlemen, what you intend, Who else must be let blood, who else is rank.
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If I myself, there is no hour so fit As Caesar’s death’s hour, nor no instrument Of half that worth as those your swords, made rich With the most noble blood of all this world. I do beseech ye, if you bear me hard, Now, whilst your purpled hands do reek and smoke, Fulfill your pleasure. Live a thousand years, I shall not find myself so apt to die. No place will please me so, no mean of death, As here by Caesar, and by you cut off, The choice and master spirits of this age. BRUTUS O Antony, beg not your death of us. Though now we must appear bloody and cruel— As by our hands and this our present act You see we do—yet see you but our hands And this the bleeding business they have done. Our hearts you see not. They are pitiful. And pity to the general wrong of Rome— As fire drives out fire, so pity pity— Hath done this deed on Caesar. For your part, To you our swords have leaden points, Mark Antony. Our arms in strength of malice and our hearts Of brothers' temper do receive you in With all kind love, good thoughts, and reverence. CASSIUS Your voice shall be as strong as any man’s In the disposing of new dignities. ANTONY I doubt not of your wisdom. Let each man render me his bloody hand. (shakes hands with the conspirators) —Gentlemen all, alas, what shall I say? My credit now stands on such slippery ground That one of two bad ways you must conceit me, Either a coward or a flatterer —That I did love thee, Caesar, O, ’tis true. If then thy spirit look upon us now, Shall it not grieve thee dearer than thy death To see thy Antony making his peace, Shaking the bloody fingers of thy foes— Most noble!—in the presence of thy corse? CASSIUS Mark Antony— ANTONY Pardon me, Caius Cassius. The enemies of Caesar shall say this; Then, in a friend, it is cold modesty. CASSIUS I blame you not for praising Caesar so. But what compact mean you to have with us? Will you be pricked in number of our friends? Or shall we on, and not depend on you? ANTONY Therefore I took your hands, but was indeed Swayed from the point by looking down on Caesar. Friends am I with you all and love you all Upon this hope: that you shall give me reasons Why and wherein Caesar was dangerous. BRUTUS Or else were this a savage spectacle! Our reasons are so full of good regard That were you, Antony, the son of Caesar, You should be satisfied. ANTONY That’s all I seek. And am moreover suitor that I may Produce his body to the marketplace, And in the pulpit, as becomes a friend, Speak in the order of his funeral. BRUTUS You shall, Mark Antony. CASSIUS Brutus, a word with you. (aside to BRUTUS) You know not what you do. Do not consent That Antony speak in his funeral. Know you how much the people may be moved By that which he will utter? BRUTUS (aside to CASSIUS) By your pardon. I will myself into the pulpit first, And show the reason of our Caesar’s death. What Antony shall speak, I will protest, He speaks by leave and by permission,
banishment immediately.
CAESAR I could be convinced if I were like you. If I could beg others to change their minds, begging would convince me, too. But I’m as immovable as the northern star, whose stable and stationary quality has no equal in the sky. The sky shows countless stars. They’re all made of fire, and each one shines. But only one among all of them remains in a fixed position. So it is on earth. The world is full of men, and men are flesh and blood, and they are capable of reason. Yet out of all of them, I know only one who is unassailable, who never moves from his position. To show you that that’s me, let me prove it a little even in this case. I was firm in ordering that Cimber be banished, and I remain firm in that decision. CASCA Hands, speak for me! CASCA and the other conspirators stab CAESAR. BRUTUS stabs him last. CAESAR And you too, Brutus? In that case, die, Caesar. (he dies) CINNA Liberty! Freedom! Tyranny is dead! Run and proclaim it in the streets. CASSIUS Some should go to the public platforms and cry out, “Liberty, freedom, and democracy!” BRUTUS But here comes Antony.—Welcome, Mark Antony. ANTONY Oh, mighty Caesar! Do you lie so low? Have all your conquests, glories, triumphs, achievements, come to so little? Farewell. Gentlemen, I don’t know what you intend to do, who else you intend to kill, who else you consider corrupt. If it’s me, there’s no time as good as this hour of Caesar’s death, and no weapon better than your swords, covered with the noblest blood in the world. I ask you, if you have a grudge against me, to kill me now, while your stained hands still reek of blood. I could live a thousand years and I wouldn’t be as ready to die as I am now. There’s no place I’d rather die than here by Caesar, and no manner of death would please me more than being stabbed by you, the masters of this new era. BRUTUS Oh, Antony, don’t beg us to kill you. Though we seem bloody and cruel right now, with our bloody hands and this deed we’ve done, you’ve only seen our hands and their bloody business; you haven’t looked into our hearts. They are full of pity for Caesar. But a stronger pity, for the wrongs committed against Rome, drove out our pity for Caesar, as fire drives out fire, and so we killed him. For you, our swords have blunt edges, too dull to harm you, Mark Antony. Our arms, which can be strong and cruel, and our hearts, filled with brotherly love, embrace you with kind love, good thoughts, and reverence. CASSIUS Your vote will be as strong as anyone’s in the reordering of the government.
ANTONY I don’t doubt your wisdom. Each of you, give me your bloody hand. (he shakes hands with the conspirators) You are all gentlemen—alas, what can I say? Now that I’ve shaken your hands, you’ll take me for either a coward or a flatterer—in either case, my credibility stands on slippery ground. It’s true that I loved you, Caesar—nothing could be truer. If your spirit is looking down upon us now, it must hurt you more than even your death to see your Antony making peace—shaking the bloody hands of your enemies—in front of your corpse.
CASSIUS Mark Antony— ANTONY Pardon me, Caius Cassius. Even Caesar’s enemies would say the same. From a friend, it’s a cool assessment—no more than that. CASSIUS I don’t blame you for praising Caesar like this, but what agreement do you intend to reach with us? Will you be counted as our friend, or should we proceed without depending on you? ANTONY I took your hands in friendship, but, indeed, I was distracted when I looked down at Caesar. I am friends with you all and love you all, on one condition—that you prove to me that Caesar was dangerous. BRUTUS Without that proof, this would’ve been a savage action! Our reasons are so well considered that even if you, Antony, were Caesar’s son, you would be satisfied with them. ANTONY That’s all I ask—and that you let me carry his body to the marketplace and, as a friend ought to do, stand on the platform and give a proper funeral oration.
BRUTUS You may, Mark Antony.
CASSIUS Brutus, may I have a word with you? (speaking so that only BRUTUS can hear) You don’t know what you’re doing. Don’t let Antony speak at his funeral. Don’t you know how much the people could be affected by what he says? BRUTUS (speaking so that only CASSIUS can hear) With your permission, I’ll stand on the platform first and explain the reason for Caesar’s death. What Antony says, I’ll announce, he says only by our permission and by our conviction that Caesar
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He speaks by leave and by permission, And that we are contented Caesar shall
our permission and by our conviction that Caesar
Have all true rites and lawful ceremonies. It shall advantage more than do us wrong.
should be honored with all the usual and lawful ceremonies. It’ll help us more than hurt us. CASSIUS (speaking so that only BRUTUS can hear) I’m worried about the outcome of his speech. I don’t like this plan.
CASSIUS (aside to BRUTUS) I know not what may fall. I like it not. BRUTUS Mark Antony, here, take you Caesar’s body. You shall not in your funeral speech blame us, But speak all good you can devise of Caesar, And say you do ’t by our permission. Else shall you not have any hand at all About his funeral. And you shall speak In the same pulpit whereto I am going, After my speech is ended. ANTONY Be it so. I do desire no more. BRUTUS Prepare the body then, and follow us. Exeunt. Manet ANTONY ANTONY O, pardon me, thou bleeding piece of earth, That I am meek and gentle with these butchers! Thou art the ruins of the noblest man That ever livèd in the tide of times. Woe to the hand that shed this costly blood! Over thy wounds now do I prophesy— Which, like dumb mouths, do ope their ruby lips To beg the voice and utterance of my tongue— A curse shall light upon the limbs of men. Domestic fury and fierce civil strife Shall cumber all the parts of Italy. Blood and destruction shall be so in use, And dreadful objects so familiar, That mothers shall but smile when they behold Their infants quartered with the hands of war, All pity choked with custom of fell deeds, And Caesar’s spirit, ranging for revenge, With Ate by his side come hot from hell, Shall in these confines with a monarch’s voice Cry “Havoc!” and let slip the dogs of war, That this foul deed shall smell above the earth With carrion men, groaning for burial. Exeunt with CAESAR’s body
Act 3, Scene 2
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Enter BRUTUS and CASSIUS with BRUTUS and CASSIUS enter with a throng of CITIZENS . the CITIZENS CITIZENS CITIZENS We will be satisfied! Let us be We want answers. Give us answers. satisfied! BRUTUS BRUTUS Then follow me and give me Then follow me and listen to my speech, friends. audience, friends. FIRST CITIZEN FIRST CITIZEN I will hear Brutus speak. I’ll listen to Brutus. Exit CASSIUS with some of CASSIUS exits with some of the CITIZENS.BRUTUS gets up on the CITIZENS BRUTUSgoes into the the platform. pulpit THIRD CITIZENS THIRD CITIZENS The noble Brutus is ascended. Quiet! Noble Brutus has mounted the platform. Silence! BRUTUS Be patient till the last. Romans, countrymen, and lovers! Hear me for my cause, and be silent that you BRUTUS may hear. Believe me for mine Be patient until I finish. Romans, countrymen, and friends! Listen honor, and have respect to mine to my reasons and be silent so you can hear. Believe me on my honor that you may believe. Censure honor and keep my honor in mind, so you may believe me. Be me in your wisdom, and awake your wise when you criticize me and keep your minds alert so you can senses that you may the better judge me fairly. If there’s anyone in this assembly, any dear friend judge. If there be any in this of Caesar’s, I say to him that my love for Caesar was no less than assembly, any dear friend of his. If, then, that friend demands to know why I rose up against Caesar’s, to him I say that Brutus' Caesar, this is my answer: it’s not that I loved Caesar less, but love to Caesar was no less than his. that I loved Rome more. If then that friend demand why Brutus rose against Caesar, this is my answer: not that I loved Caesar less, but that I loved Rome more. Had you rather Caesar were living Would you rather that Caesar were living and we would all go to and die all slaves, than that Caesar our graves as slaves, or that Caesar were dead and we all lived as were dead, to live all free men? As free men? I weep for Caesar in that he was good to me. I rejoice Caesar loved me, I weep for him. As in his good fortune. I honor him for being brave. But his ambition— he was fortunate, I rejoice at it. As for that, I killed him. There are tears for his love, joy for his he was valiant, I honor him. But, as fortune, honor for his bravery, and death for his ambition. Who he was ambitious, I slew him. There here is so low that he wants to be a slave? If there are any, speak, for it is he whom I’ve offended. Who here is so barbarous that he is tears for his love, joy for his doesn’t want to be a Roman? If there are any, speak, for it is he fortune, honor for his valor, and death for his ambition. Who is here whom I’ve offended. Who here is so vile that he doesn’t love his so base that would be a bondman? If country? If there are any, speak, for it is he whom I have offended. I will pause for a reply. any, speak—for him have I offended. Who is here so rude that would not be a Roman? If any, speak—for him have I offended. Who is here so vile that will not love his country? If any, speak—for him have I offended. I pause for a reply. ALL ALL None, Brutus, none. No one, Brutus, no one. BRUTUS Then none have I offended. I have done no more to Caesar than you BRUTUS shall do to Brutus. The question of Then I have offended no one. I’ve done no more to Caesar than his death is enrolled in the Capitol. you will do to me. The reasons for his death are recorded in the His glory not extenuated wherein he Capitol. His glory has not been diminished where he earned it, nor was worthy, nor his offenses have those offenses for which he was killed been exaggerated. enforced for which he suffered death. Enter Mark ANTONY with CAESAR’s ANTONY enters with CAESAR’s body. body Here comes his body, mourned by Mark Antony, who, though he had no hand in his death, shall receive the Here comes his body, mourned by Mark Antony, who, though he benefit of his dying—a place in the had no part in the killing, will benefit from his death—receiving a commonwealth—as which of you share in the commonwealth, as you all will. With these words I shall not? With this I depart: that, as leave. Just as I killed my best friend for the good of Rome, so will I slew my best lover for the good of I kill myself when my country requires my death. Rome, I have the same dagger for myself when it shall please my country to need my death. ALL ALL Live, Brutus! Live, live! Live, Brutus! Live, live! FIRST CITIZENS FIRST CITIZENS Bring him with triumph home unto Let’s carry him in triumph to his house! his house! SECOND CITIZENS SECOND CITIZENS Give him a statue with his Let’s build a statue of him, near those of his ancestors! ancestors! THIRD CITIZENS THIRD CITIZENS Let him be Caesar! Let him become Caesar! FOURTH CITIZENS FOURTH CITIZENS Caesar’s better parts Caesar’s better qualities exist in Brutus, and we will crown him. Shall be crowned in Brutus! FIRST CITIZENS FIRST CITIZENS We’ll bring him to his house with We’ll bring him to his house with shouts and celebration! shouts and clamors. BRUTUS BRUTUS My countrymen— My countrymen— SECOND CITIZENS SECOND CITIZENS Peace, silence! Brutus Silence! Brutus speaks. speaks. FIRST CITIZENS FIRST CITIZENS Peace, ho! Quiet there! BRUTUS Good countrymen, let me depart alone. And, for my sake, stay here with BRUTUS Antony. Good countrymen, let me leave alone. I want you to stay here with Do grace to Caesar’s corpse, and Antony to pay respects to Caesar’s corpse and listen to Antony’s grace his speech speech about Caesar’s glories, which he gives with our permission. Tending to Caesar’s glories, which I ask that none of you leave, except myself, until Antony has Mark Antony finished. By our permission is allowed to make. I do entreat you, not a man depart, Save I alone, till Antony have spoke. Exit BRUTUS BRUTUS exits. FIRST CITIZENS FIRST CITIZENS Stay, ho! And let us hear Mark Let’s stay and hear Mark Antony. Antony. THIRD CITIZENS THIRD CITIZENS Let him go up into the public chair. Let him mount the pulpit. We’ll listen to him. Noble Antony, mount We’ll hear him.—Noble Antony, go the podium. up. ANTONY
ANTONY
BRUTUS Mark Antony, take Caesar’s body. You will not blame us in your funeral speech, but will say all the good you want to about Caesar and that you do it by our permission. Otherwise, you’ll have no role at all in his funeral. And you’ll speak on the same platform as I do, after I’m done. ANTONY So be it. I don’t want anything more. BRUTUS Prepare the body, then, and follow us. Everyone except ANTONY exits.
ANTONY Oh, pardon me, you bleeding corpse, for speaking politely and acting mildly with these butchers! You are what’s left of the noblest man that ever lived. Pity the hand that shed this valuable blood. Over your wounds—which, like speechless mouths, open their red lips, as though to beg me to speak—I predict that a curse will fall upon the bodies of men. Fierce civil war will paralyze all of Italy. Blood and destruction will be so common and familiar that mothers will merely smile when their infants are cut to pieces by the hands of war. People’s capacity for sympathy will grow tired and weak from the sheer quantity of cruel deeds. And Caesar’s ghost, searching for revenge with the goddess Ate by his side, just up from Hell, will cry in the voice of a king, “Havoc!” and unleash the dogs of war. This foul deed will stink up to the sky with men’s corpses, which will beg to be buried.
They exit with CAESAR’s body.
ANTONY For Brutus' sake, I am beholding to
ANTONY For Brutus’s sake, I am indebted to you. (he steps up into the pulpit)
you. (ascends the pulpit) FOURTH CITIZENS FOURTH CITIZENS What does he say of Brutus? What does he say about Brutus? THIRD CITIZENS THIRD CITIZENS He says for Brutus' sake He says that for Brutus’s sake he finds himself indebted to us all. He finds himself beholding to us all. FOURTH CITIZENS FOURTH CITIZENS 'Twere best he speak no harm of He’d better not speak badly of Brutus here. Brutus here. FIRST CITIZENS FIRST CITIZENS This Caesar was a tyrant. Caesar was a tyrant. THIRD CITIZENS Nay, that’s certain. THIRD CITIZENS We are blest that Rome is rid of That’s for sure. We’re lucky that Rome is rid of him. him. FOURTH CITIZENS SECOND CITIZENS Peace! Let us hear what Antony can 70 Quiet! Let’s hear what Antony has to say. say. ANTONY ANTONY You gentle Romans— You gentle Romans— ALL ALL Peace, ho! Let us hear him. Quiet there! Let us hear him. ANTONY Friends, Romans, countrymen, lend me your ears. I come to bury Caesar, not to praise him. The evil that men do lives after them; The good is oft interrèd with their ANTONY bones. Friends, Romans, countrymen, give me your attention. I have So let it be with Caesar. The noble come here to bury Caesar, not to praise him. The evil that men do Brutus 75 Hath told you Caesar was ambitious. is remembered after their deaths, but the good is often buried with them. It might as well be the same with Caesar. The noble Brutus If it were so, it was a grievous fault, 80 told you that Caesar was ambitious. If that’s true, it’s a serious And grievously hath Caesar fault, and Caesar has paid seriously for it. With the permission of 85 answered it. Brutus and the others—for Brutus is an honorable man; they are Here, under leave of Brutus and the all honorable men—I have come here to speak at Caesar’s funeral. rest— He was my friend, he was faithful and just to me. But Brutus says For Brutus is an honorable man; he was ambitious, and Brutus is an honorable man. He brought So are they all, all honorable men— many captives home to Rome whose ransoms brought wealth to Come I to speak in Caesar’s funeral. the city. He was my friend, faithful and just to me. But Brutus says he was ambitious, And Brutus is an honorable man. He hath brought many captives home to Rome Whose ransoms did the general coffers fill. Did this in Caesar seem ambitious? When that the poor have cried, Caesar hath wept. Is this the work of an ambitious man? When the Ambition should be made of sterner stuff. poor cried, Caesar cried too. Ambition shouldn’t Yet Brutus says he was ambitious, be so soft. Yet Brutus says he was ambitious, And Brutus is an honorable man. and Brutus is an honorable man. You all saw You all did see that on the Lupercal that on the Lupercal feast day I offered him a I thrice presented him a kingly crown, king’s crown three times, and he refused it three 90 Which he did thrice refuse. Was this ambition? times. Was this ambition? Yet Brutus says he 95 Yet Brutus says he was ambitious, was ambitious. And, no question, Brutus is an And, sure, he is an honorable man. honorable man. I am not here to disprove what 100 I speak not to disprove what Brutus spoke, Brutus has said, but to say what I know. You all 105 But here I am to speak what I do know. loved him once, and not without reason. Then You all did love him once, not without cause. what reason holds you back from mourning him What cause withholds you then to mourn for him? now? Men have become brutish beasts and lost O judgment! Thou art fled to brutish beasts, their reason! Bear with me. My heart is in the And men have lost their reason. Bear with me. coffin there with Caesar, and I must pause until My heart is in the coffin there with Caesar, it returns to me. (he weeps) And I must pause till it come back to me. (weeps) FIRST CITIZENS FIRST CITIZENS Methinks there is much reason in his sayings. I think there’s a lot of sense in what he says. SECOND CITIZENS SECOND CITIZENS If thou consider rightly of the matter, If you think about it correctly, Caesar has Caesar has had great wrong. suffered a great wrong. THIRD CITIZENS THIRD CITIZENS 110 Has he, masters? Has he, sirs? I’m worried there will be someone I fear there will a worse come in his place. worse to replace him. FOURTH CITIZENS FOURTH CITIZENS Did you hear Antony? Caesar wouldn’t take the Marked ye his words? He would not take the crown. crown. Therefore it’s certain that he wasn’t Therefore ’tis certain he was not ambitious. ambitious. FIRST CITIZENS FIRST CITIZENS If it turns out he wasn’t, certain people are going If it be found so, some will dear abide it. to get it. SECOND CITIZENS SECOND CITIZENS Poor man! Antony’s eyes are fiery red from Poor soul! His eyes are red as fire with weeping. crying. 65
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THIRD CITIZENS There’s not a nobler man in Rome than Antony. FOURTH CITIZENS Now mark him. He begins again to speak. ANTONY But yesterday the word of Caesar might Have stood against the world. Now lies he there, And none so poor to do him reverence. O masters, if I were disposed to stir Your hearts and minds to mutiny and rage, I should do Brutus wrong, and Cassius wrong— Who, you all know, are honorable men. I will not do them wrong. I rather choose To wrong the dead, to wrong myself and you, Than I will wrong such honorable men. But here’s a parchment with the seal of Caesar. I found it in his closet. 'Tis his will. Let but the commons hear this testament— Which, pardon me, I do not mean to read— And they would go and kiss dead Caesar’s wounds And dip their napkins in his sacred blood, Yea, beg a hair of him for memory, And, dying, mention it within their wills, Bequeathing it as a rich legacy Unto their issue. FOURTH CITIZENS We’ll hear the will. Read it, Mark Antony! ALL The will, the will! We will hear Caesar’s will. ANTONY Have patience, gentle friends. I must not read it. It is not meet you know how Caesar loved you. You are not wood, you are not stones, but men. And, being men, bearing the will of Caesar, It will inflame you, it will make you mad. 'Tis good you know not that you are his heirs. For, if you should—Oh, what would come of it! FOURTH CITIZENS Read the will. We’ll hear it, Antony. You shall read us the will, Caesar’s will. ANTONY Will you be patient? Will you stay awhile? I have o'ershot myself to tell you of it. I fear I wrong the honorable men Whose daggers have stabbed Caesar. I do fear it. FOURTH CITIZENS They were traitors! “Honorable men”! ALL The will! The testament!
THIRD CITIZENS There isn’t a nobler man than Antony in all of Rome. FOURTH CITIZENS Now listen, he’s going to speak again. ANTONY Only yesterday the word of Caesar might have stood against the world. Now he lies there worth nothing, and no one is so humble as to show him respect. Oh, sirs, if I stirred your hearts and minds to mutiny and rage, I would offend Brutus and Cassius, who, you all know, are honorable men. I will not do them wrong. I would rather wrong the dead, and wrong myself and you, than wrong such honorable men. But here’s a paper with Caesar’s seal on it. I found it in his room—it’s his will. If you could only hear this testament—which, excuse me, I don’t intend to read aloud—you would kiss dead Caesar’s wounds and dip your handkerchiefs in his sacred blood, and beg for a lock of hair to remember him by. And when you died, you would mention the handkerchief or the hair in your will, bequeathing it to your heirs like a rich legacy.
FOURTH CITIZENS We want to hear the will. Read it, Mark Antony. ALL The will, the will! We want to hear Caesar’s will. ANTONY Be patient, gentle friends, I must not read it. It isn’t proper for you to know how much Caesar loved you. You aren’t wood, you aren’t stones— you’re men. And, being men, the contents of Caesar’s will would enrage you. It’s better that you don’t know you’re his heirs, for if you knew, just imagine what would come of it! FOURTH CITIZENS Read the will. We want to hear it, Antony. You have to read us the will, Caesar’s will. ANTONY Will you be patient? Will you wait awhile? I’ve said too much in telling you of it. I’m afraid that I wrong the honorable men whose daggers have stabbed Caesar. FOURTH CITIZENS They were traitors. “Honorable men!” ALL The will! The testament! SECOND CITIZENS SECOND CITIZENS They were villains, murderers. The will! Read They were villains, murderers. The will! Read the will! the will! ANTONY ANTONY You will compel me, then, to read the will? You force me to read the will, then? Then make Then make a ring about the corpse of Caesar, a circle around Caesar’s corpse, and let me And let me show you him that made the will. show you the man who made this will. Shall I Shall I descend? And will you give me leave? come down? Will you let me? ALL ALL Come down. Come down. SECOND CITIZENS SECOND CITIZENS Descend. Descend. THIRD CITIZENS THIRD CITIZENS You shall have leave. We’ll let you. ANTONY descends from the pulpit ANTONY descends from the pulpit. FOURTH CITIZENS FOURTH CITIZENS A ring! Make a circle; stand around him. Stand round. FIRST CITIZENS FIRST CITIZENS Stand away from the hearse. Stand away from Stand from the hearse. Stand from the body. the body. SECOND CITIZENS SECOND CITIZENS Room for Antony, most noble Antony! Make room for Antony, most noble Antony! ANTONY ANTONY No, don’t press up against me. Stand further Nay, press not so upon me. Stand far off. away. ALL ALL Stand back. Room! Bear back. Stand back. Give him room. ANTONY ANTONY If you have tears, prepare to shed them now. If you have tears, prepare to shed them now. You all do know this mantle. I remember You all know this cloak. I remember the first The first time ever Caesar put it on. time Caesar ever put it on. It was a summer’s 'Twas on a summer’s evening in his tent, evening; he was in his tent. It was the day he That day he overcame the Nervii. overcame the Nervii warriors. Look, here’s
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That day he overcame the Nervii. Look, in this place ran Cassius' dagger through. See what a rent the envious Casca made. Through this the wellbelovèd Brutus stabbed.
overcame the Nervii warriors. Look, here’s where Cassius’s dagger pierced it. See the wound that Casca made. Through this hole beloved Brutus stabbed. And when he pulled out
And as he plucked his cursèd steel away, Mark how the blood of Caesar followed it, As rushing out of doors, to be resolved If Brutus so unkindly knocked, or no. For Brutus, as you know, was Caesar’s angel. Judge, O you gods, how dearly Caesar loved him! This was the most unkindest cut of all. For when the noble Caesar saw him stab, Ingratitude, more strong than traitors' arms, Quite vanquished him. Then burst his mighty heart, And, in his mantle muffling up his face, Even at the base of Pompey’s statue, Which all the while ran blood, great Caesar fell. O, what a fall was there, my countrymen! Then I, and you, and all of us fell down, Whilst bloody treason flourished over us. Oh, now you weep, and, I perceive, you feel The dint of pity. These are gracious drops. Kind souls, what, weep you when you but behold Our Caesar’s vesture wounded? Look you here, Here is himself, marred, as you see, with traitors. (lifts up CAESAR's mantle) FIRST CITIZENS O piteous spectacle! SECOND CITIZENS O noble Caesar! THIRD CITIZENS O woeful day! FOURTH CITIZENS O traitors, villains! FIRST CITIZENS O most bloody sight! SECOND CITIZENS We will be revenged. ALL Revenge! About! Seek! Burn! Fire! Kill! Slay! Let not a traitor live! ANTONY Stay, countrymen. FIRST CITIZENS Peace there! Hear the noble Antony.
his cursed dagger, see how Caesar’s blood came with it, as if rushing out a door to see if it was really Brutus who was knocking so rudely. For Brutus, as you know, was Caesar’s angel. The gods know how dearly Caesar loved him! This was the most unkind cut of all. For when the noble Caesar saw him stab, he understood his beloved Brutus’s ingratitude; it was stronger than the violence of traitors, and it defeated him, bursting his mighty heart. And at the base of Pompey’s statue, with his cloak covering his face, which was dripping with blood the whole time, great Caesar fell. Oh, what a fall it was, my countrymen! Then you and I and all of us fell down, while bloody treason triumphed. Oh, now you weep, and I sense that you feel pity. These are gracious tears. But if it overwhelms you to look at Caesar’s wounded cloak, how will you feel, kind men, now? Look at this, here is the man—scarred, as you can see, by traitors. (he lifts upCAESAR's cloak)
SECOND CITIZENS We’ll hear him. We’ll follow him. We’ll die with him. ANTONY Good friends, sweet friends! Let me not stir you up To such a sudden flood of mutiny. They that have done this deed are honorable. What private griefs they have, alas, I know not, That made them do it. They are wise and honorable, And will, no doubt, with reasons answer you. I come not, friends, to steal away your hearts. I am no orator, as Brutus is, But, as you know me all, a plain blunt man That love my friend. And that they know full well That gave me public leave to speak of him. For I have neither wit nor words nor worth, Action nor utterance nor the power of speech, To stir men’s blood. I only speak right on. I tell you that which you yourselves do know, Show you sweet Caesar’s wounds, poor poor dumb mouths, And bid them speak for me. But were I Brutus, And Brutus Antony, there were an Antony Would ruffle up your spirits and put a tongue In every wound of Caesar that should move The stones of Rome to rise and mutiny. ALL We’ll mutiny. FIRST CITIZENS We’ll burn the house of Brutus. THIRD CITIZENS Away, then! Come, seek the conspirators. ANTONY Yet hear me, countrymen. Yet hear me speak. ALL Peace, ho! Hear Antony. Most noble Antony! ANTONY Why, friends, you go to do you know not what. Wherein hath Caesar thus deserved your loves? Alas, you know not. I must tell you then. You have forgot the will I told you of. ALL Most true. The will! Let’s stay and hear the will. ANTONY Here is the will, and under Caesar’s seal To every Roman citizen he gives— To every several man—seventyfive drachmas. SECOND CITIZENS Most noble Caesar! We’ll revenge his death. THIRD CITIZENS O royal Caesar! ANTONY Hear me with patience. ALL Peace, ho! ANTONY Moreover, he hath left you all his walks, His private arbors and newplanted orchards, On this side Tiber. He hath left them you And to your heirs forever—common pleasures, To walk abroad and recreate yourselves. Here was a Caesar! When comes such another?
FIRST CITIZENS Never, never.—Come, away, away! We’ll burn his body in the holy place, And with the brands fire the traitors' houses. Take up the body. SECOND CITIZENS Go fetch fire. THIRD CITIZENS Pluck down benches. FOURTH CITIZENS Pluck down forms, windows, anything. Exeunt CITIZENS with CAESAR’s body ANTONY 250 Now let it work. Mischief, thou art afoot. Take thou what course thou wilt! Exeunt 245
FIRST CITIZENS Oh, what a sad sight! SECOND CITIZENS Oh, noble Caesar! THIRD CITIZENS Oh, sad day! FOURTH CITIZENS Oh, traitors, villains! FIRST CITIZENS Oh, most bloody sight! SECOND CITIZENS We will get revenge. ALL Revenge! Let’s go after them! Seek! Burn! Set fire! Kill! Slay! Leave no traitors alive! ANTONY Wait, countrymen. FIRST CITIZENS Quiet there! Listen to the noble Antony. SECOND CITIZENS We’ll listen to him, we’ll follow him, we’ll die with him. ANTONY Good friends, sweet friends, don’t let me stir you up to such a sudden mutiny. Those who have done this deed are honorable. I don’t know what private grudges they had that made them do it. They’re wise and honorable, and will no doubt give you reasons for it. I haven’t come to steal your loyalty, friends. I’m no orator, as Brutus is. I’m only, as you know, a plain, blunt man who loved his friend, and the men who let me speak know this well. I have neither cleverness nor rhetorical skill nor the authority nor gesture nor eloquence nor the power of speech to stir men up. I just speak directly. I tell you what you already know. I show you sweet Caesar’s wounds—poor, speechless mouths!— and make them speak for me. But if I were Brutus and Brutus were me, then I’d stir you up, and install in each of Caesar’s wounds the kind of voice that could convince even stones to rise up and mutiny. ALL We’ll mutiny. FIRST CITIZENS We’ll burn Brutus’s house. THIRD CITIZENS Let’s go, then! Come, find the conspirators! ANTONY Wait, and listen to me, countrymen. ALL Quiet! Wait! Listen to Antony. Most noble Antony! ANTONY Why, friends, you don’t even know what you’re doing yet. What has Caesar done to deserve your love? Alas, you don’t know. I must tell you then. You’ve forgotten the will I told you about. ALL Yes! The will! Let’s stay and hear the will! ANTONY Here’s the will, written under Caesar’s seal. To every Roman citizen he gives—to every individual man—seventyfive drachmas. SECOND CITIZENS Most noble Caesar! We’ll revenge his death. THIRD CITIZENS Oh, royal Caesar! ANTONY Listen to me patiently. ALL Quiet, there! ANTONY Also, he’s left you all his walkways—in his private gardens and newly planted orchards—on this side of the Tiber River. He’s left them to you and to your heirs forever—public pleasures in which you will be able to stroll and relax. Here was a Caesar! When will there be another like him? FIRST CITIZENS Never, never. Let’s go! We’ll burn his body in the holy place and use the brands to set the traitors' houses on fire. Take up the body. SECOND CITIZENS We’ll start a fire. THIRD CITIZENS We’ll use benches for wood— FOURTH CITIZENS And windowsills, anything. Citizens exit with CAESAR’s body. ANTONY Now, let it work. Trouble, you have begun—take whatever course you choose! They exit.
Act 2, Scene 2
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Thunder and lightning Enter Julius CAESAR in Thunder and lightning. CAESAR enters in his nightgown. his nightgown CAESAR Nor heaven nor earth have been at peace CAESAR tonight. Neither the sky nor the earth have been quiet tonight. Calpurnia cried out three times in her Thrice hath Calpurnia in her sleep cried out, sleep, “Help, someone! They’re murdering Caesar!” Who’s there? “Help, ho! They murder Caesar!”—Who’s within? Enter a SERVANT A SERVANT enters. SERVANT SERVANT My lord. My lord? CAESAR CAESAR Go bid the priests do present sacrifice Go tell the priests to perform a sacrifice immediately, and bring me their interpretation of And bring me their opinions of success. the results. SERVANT SERVANT I will, my lord. I will, my lord. Exit SERVANT The SERVANT exits. Enter CALPURNIA CALPURNIA enters. CALPURNIA CALPURNIA What mean you, Caesar? Think you to walk What are you doing, Caesar? Are you planning to go out? You’re not leaving the house forth? today. You shall not stir out of your house today. CAESAR Caesar shall forth. The things that threatened CAESAR me I will go out. The things that threaten me have only seen my back. When they see the face Ne'er looked but on my back. When they shall of Caesar, they will vanish. see The face of Caesar, they are vanishèd. CALPURNIA Caesar, I never stood on ceremonies, Yet now they fright me. There is one within, CALPURNIA Besides the things that we have heard and seen, Caesar, I never believed in omens, but now they frighten me. A servant told me the night Recounts most horrid sights seen by the watch. watchmen saw horrid sights too, but different ones from what we heard and saw. A lioness A lioness hath whelpèd in the streets, gave birth in the streets, and graves cracked open and thrust out their dead. And graves have yawned and yielded up their dead. Fierce fiery warriors fought upon the clouds Fierce, fiery warriors fought in the clouds in the usual formations of war—ranks and In ranks and squadrons and right form of war, squadrons—until the clouds drizzled blood onto the Capitol. The noise of battle filled the air,
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Which drizzled blood upon the Capitol. The noise of battle hurtled in the air. Horses did neigh, and dying men did groan, And ghosts did shriek and squeal about the
and horses neighed, and dying men groaned, and ghosts shrieked and squealed in the streets. Oh, Caesar! These things are beyond anything we’ve seen before, and I’m afraid.
streets. O Caesar! These things are beyond all use, And I do fear them. CAESAR What can be avoided CAESAR Whose end is purposed by the mighty gods? How can we avoid what the gods want to happen? But I will go out, for these bad omens Yet Caesar shall go forth, for these predictions apply to the world in general as much as they do to me. Are to the world in general as to Caesar. CALPURNIA CALPURNIA When beggars die there are no comets seen. When beggars die there are no comets in the sky. The heavens only announce the deaths of The heavens themselves blaze forth the death of princes. princes. CAESAR Cowards die many times before their deaths. The valiant never taste of death but once. CAESAR Of all the wonders that I yet have heard, Cowards die many times before their deaths. The brave experience death only once. Of all It seems to me most strange that men should the strange things I’ve ever heard, it seems most strange to me that men fear death, given fear, that death, which can’t be avoided, will come whenever it wants. Seeing that death, a necessary end, Will come when it will come. Enter SERVANT The SERVANT enters. What say the augurers? What do the priests say? SERVANT SERVANT They would not have you to stir forth today. They don’t want you to go out today. They pulled out the guts of the sacrificed animal and Plucking the entrails of an offering forth, couldn’t find its heart. They could not find a heart within the beast. CAESAR The gods do this in shame of cowardice. CAESAR Caesar should be a beast without a heart The gods do this to test my bravery. They’re saying I’d be an animal without a heart if I If he should stay at home today for fear. stayed home today out of fear. So, I won’t. No, Caesar shall not. Danger knows full well That Caesar is more dangerous than he. We are two lions littered in one day, Danger knows that Caesar is more dangerous than he is. We’re two lions born on the same And I the elder and more terrible. day in the same litter, and I’m the older and more terrible. I will go out. And Caesar shall go forth. CALPURNIA Alas, my lord, CALPURNIA Your wisdom is consumed in confidence. Alas, my lord, your confidence is getting the better of your wisdom. Don’t go out today. Say Do not go forth today. Call it my fear that it’s my fear that keeps you inside and not your own. We’ll send Mark Antony to the That keeps you in the house, and not your own. senate house, and he’ll say that you’re sick today. (she kneels) Let me, on my knees, win We’ll send Mark Antony to the senate house, you over to this plan. And he shall say you are not well today. (kneels) Let me, upon my knee, prevail in this. CAESAR CAESAR Mark Antony shall say I am not well, All right. Mark Antony will say I’m not well, and to please you I’ll stay at home. And for thy humor I will stay at home. CALPURNIA rises CALPURNIA gets up. Enter DECIUS DECIUS enters. Here’s Decius Brutus. He shall tell them so. Here’s Decius Brutus. He’ll tell them so. DECIUS DECIUS Caesar, all hail! Good morrow, worthy Caesar. Hail, Caesar! Good morning, worthy Caesar. I’ve come to take you to the senate house. I come to fetch you to the senate house. CAESAR And you are come in very happy time To bear my greeting to the senators And tell them that I will not come today. “Cannot” is false, and that I dare not, falser. I will not come today. Tell them so, Decius. CALPURNIA Say he is sick. CAESAR Shall Caesar send a lie? Have I in conquest stretched mine arm so far To be afraid to tell graybeards the truth? Decius, go tell them Caesar will not come. DECIUS Most mighty Caesar, let me know some cause, Lest I be laughed at when I tell them so. CAESAR Calpurnia here, my wife, stays me at home. She dreamt tonight she saw my statue, Which, like a fountain with an hundred spouts, Did run pure blood. And many lusty Romans Came smiling and did bathe their hands in it. And these does she apply for warnings and portents And evils imminent, and on her knee Hath begged that I will stay at home today. DECIUS This dream is all amiss interpreted. It was a vision fair and fortunate. Your statue spouting blood in many pipes, In which so many smiling Romans bathed, Signifies that from you great Rome shall suck Reviving blood, and that great men shall press
CAESAR And you’ve come at a good time, so you can convey my greetings to the senators and tell them I won’t come today. It wouldn’t be true to say that Ican’t come, and even less true to say that I don’tdare come. I simply won’t come today. Tell them so, Decius. CALPURNIA Say he’s sick. CAESAR Would I send a lie? Have I accomplished so much in battle, but now I’m afraid to tell some old men the truth? Decius, go tell them that Caesar won’t come. DECIUS Most mighty Caesar, give me some reason, so I won’t be laughed at when I tell them so.
CAESAR Calpurnia, my wife, is keeping me at home. Last night, she dreamed she saw a statue of me with a hundred holes in it, like a fountain with pure blood flowing from it, and many happy Romans came smiling and washed their hands in it. She takes these signs for warnings and predictions of terrible evils to come, and, on her knee, she begged me to stay home today.
DECIUS This dream has been interpreted all wrong. It was a good and lucky vision. Your statue spouting blood through many holes, in which many smiling Romans bathed, means that you’ll provide great Rome with sustaining blood, and that great men will strive to get some token of approval from your holy blood. This is what CALPURNIA’s dream means.
For tinctures, stains, relics, and cognizance. This by CALPURNIA’s dream is signified. CAESAR CAESAR And this way have you well expounded it. You’ve offered an excellent interpretation. DECIUS DECIUS I have, when you have heard what I can say. I will have when you hear the rest of what I have to say. The senate has decided to give And know it now: the senate have concluded mighty Caesar a crown today. To give this day a crown to mighty Caesar. If you shall send them word you will not come, If you send them word that you won’t come, they might change 95 Their minds may change. their minds.
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CAESAR How foolish do your fears seem now, CALPURNIA! I am ashamèd I did yield to them. Give me my robe, for I will go.
CAESAR How foolish your fears seem now, CALPURNIA! I’m ashamed that I yielded to them. Give me my robe, because I’m going.
Enter BRUTUS, LIGARIUS, METELLUS, CASCA,TREBONIUS, CINNA,PUBLIUS, BRUTUS, LIGARIUS, METELLUS,CASCA, TREBONIUS, and PUBLIUS and CINNA enter. CAESAR CAESAR Good friends, go in and taste some wine with me. Good friends, go in and have some wine with me. And we’ll leave And we, like friends, will straightway go together. together, like friends. BRUTUS BRUTUS 130 (aside) That every “like” is not the same, O Caesar, (quietly to himself) That we are now only “like” friends—Oh Caesar The heart of Brutus earns to think upon. —makes my heart ache. Exeunt They all exit.
Act 3, Scene 1 Original Text
Modern Text
Flourish A crowd of people enters, among themARTEMIDORUS and the SOOTHSAYER. A trumpet Enter CAESAR, BRUTUS, CASSIUS,CASCA, DECIUS, METELLUS, TREBONIUS, CINNA,ANTONY, LEPIDUS, PUBLIUS,plays. CAESAR, BRUTUS, CASSIUS,CASCA, DECIUS, METELLUS, TREBONIUS,CINNA, ANTONY, LEPIDUS, POPILLIUS,PUBLIUS, and POPILLIUS LENAwith a crowd of people, including ARTEMIDORUS and the SOOTHSAYER and others enter. CAESAR CAESAR Are we all ready? What is now amiss Are we all ready? What problem should I discuss 35 That Caesar and his senate must redress? with you first? METELLUS METELLUS (kneeling) (kneeling) Most high, most mighty, and most 40Most high, most mighty, and most puissant Caesar, powerful Caesar, Metellus Cimber kneels before Metellus Cimber throws before thy seat you with a humble heart— An humble heart— CAESAR I must prevent thee, Cimber. CAESAR These couchings and these lowly courtesies I have to stop you, Cimber. These kneelings and Might fire the blood of ordinary men humble courtesies might excite ordinary men, And turn preordinance and first decree flattering them into turning Roman law into 45Into the law of children. Be not fond, children’s games. But don’t be so foolish as to think To think that Caesar bears such rebel blood you can sway me from what’s right by using the 50That will be thawed from the true quality tactics that persuade fools—I mean this flattery, With that which melteth fools—I mean, sweet words, low bows, and puppylike fawning. Your brother Lowcrookèd curtsies, and base spaniel fawning. has been banished by decree. If you kneel and beg Thy brother by decree is banishèd. and flatter for him, I’ll kick you out of my way like If thou dost bend and pray and fawn for him, I would a dog. Know that I am not unjust, and I will I spurn thee like a cur out of my way. not grant him a pardon without reason. Know, Caesar doth not wrong, nor without cause Will he be satisfied. METELLUS METELLUS Is there no voice worthier than my own to appeal 55Is there no voice more worthy than my own To sound more sweetly in great Caesar’s ear to Caesar to repeal the order that my brother be For the repealing of my banished brother? BRUTUS (kneeling) I kiss thy hand, but not in flattery, Caesar, Desiring thee that Publius Cimber may Have an immediate freedom of repeal. CAESAR I could be well moved if I were as you. If I could pray to move, prayers would move me. But I am constant as the northern star, Of whose truefixed and resting quality 65There is no fellow in the firmament. The skies are painted with unnumbered sparks. 70They are all fire and every one doth shine, But there’s but one in all doth hold his place. 75So in the world. 'Tis furnished well with men, And men are flesh and blood, and apprehensive, Yet in the number I do know but one That unassailable holds on his rank, Unshaked of motion. And that I am he Let me a little show it even in this: That I was constant Cimber should be banished,
banished? BRUTUS (kneeling) I kiss your hand, but not in flattery, Caesar. I ask you to repeal Publius Cimber’s banishment immediately.
CAESAR I could be convinced if I were like you. If I could beg others to change their minds, begging would convince me, too. But I’m as immovable as the northern star, whose stable and stationary quality has no equal in the sky. The sky shows countless stars. They’re all made of fire, and each one shines. But only one among all of them remains in a fixed position. So it is on earth. The world is full of men, and men are flesh and blood, and they are capable of reason. Yet out of all of them, I know only one who is unassailable, who never moves from his position. To show you that that’s me, let me prove it a little even in this case. I was firm in ordering that Cimber be banished, and I remain firm in that decision.
That I was constant Cimber should be banished, And constant do remain to keep him so.
firm in that decision.
CASCA Speak, hands, for me! 85
CAESAR Et tu, Bruté?—Then fall, Caesar. (dies) CINNA Liberty! Freedom! Tyranny is dead! Run hence, proclaim, cry it about the streets. CASSIUS Some to the common pulpits, and cry out, “Liberty, freedom, and enfranchisement!” BRUTUS But here comes Antony.—Welcome, Mark Antony.
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ANTONY O mighty Caesar! Dost thou lie so low? Are all thy conquests, glories, triumphs, spoils, Shrunk to this little measure? Fare thee well. —I know not, gentlemen, what you intend, Who else must be let blood, who else is rank.
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If I myself, there is no hour so fit As Caesar’s death’s hour, nor no instrument Of half that worth as those your swords, made rich With the most noble blood of all this world. I do beseech ye, if you bear me hard, Now, whilst your purpled hands do reek and smoke, Fulfill your pleasure. Live a thousand years, I shall not find myself so apt to die. No place will please me so, no mean of death, As here by Caesar, and by you cut off, The choice and master spirits of this age. BRUTUS O Antony, beg not your death of us. Though now we must appear bloody and cruel— As by our hands and this our present act You see we do—yet see you but our hands And this the bleeding business they have done. Our hearts you see not. They are pitiful. And pity to the general wrong of Rome— As fire drives out fire, so pity pity— Hath done this deed on Caesar. For your part, To you our swords have leaden points, Mark Antony. Our arms in strength of malice and our hearts Of brothers' temper do receive you in With all kind love, good thoughts, and reverence. CASSIUS Your voice shall be as strong as any man’s In the disposing of new dignities. ANTONY I doubt not of your wisdom. Let each man render me his bloody hand. (shakes hands with the conspirators) —Gentlemen all, alas, what shall I say? My credit now stands on such slippery ground That one of two bad ways you must conceit me, Either a coward or a flatterer —That I did love thee, Caesar, O, ’tis true. If then thy spirit look upon us now, Shall it not grieve thee dearer than thy death To see thy Antony making his peace, Shaking the bloody fingers of thy foes— Most noble!—in the presence of thy corse?
ANTONY I don’t doubt your wisdom. Each of you, give me your bloody hand. (he shakes hands with the conspirators) You are all gentlemen—alas, what can I say? Now that I’ve shaken your hands, you’ll take me for either a coward or a flatterer—in either case, my credibility stands on slippery ground. It’s true that I loved you, Caesar—nothing could be truer. If your spirit is looking down upon us now, it must hurt you more than even your death to see your Antony making peace—shaking the bloody hands of your enemies—in front of your corpse.
CASSIUS Mark Antony— ANTONY Pardon me, Caius Cassius. The enemies of Caesar shall say this; Then, in a friend, it is cold modesty. CASSIUS I blame you not for praising Caesar so. But what compact mean you to have with us? Will you be pricked in number of our friends? Or shall we on, and not depend on you? ANTONY Therefore I took your hands, but was indeed Swayed from the point by looking down on Caesar. Friends am I with you all and love you all Upon this hope: that you shall give me reasons Why and wherein Caesar was dangerous.
CASSIUS Mark Antony— ANTONY Pardon me, Caius Cassius. Even Caesar’s enemies would say the same. From a friend, it’s a cool assessment—no more than that. CASSIUS I don’t blame you for praising Caesar like this, but what agreement do you intend to reach with us? Will you be counted as our friend, or should we proceed without depending on you? ANTONY I took your hands in friendship, but, indeed, I was distracted when I looked down at Caesar. I am friends with you all and love you all, on one condition—that you prove to me that Caesar was dangerous.
BRUTUS Or else were this a savage spectacle! Our reasons are so full of good regard That were you, Antony, the son of Caesar, You should be satisfied. ANTONY That’s all I seek. And am moreover suitor that I may Produce his body to the marketplace, And in the pulpit, as becomes a friend, Speak in the order of his funeral. BRUTUS You shall, Mark Antony. CASSIUS Brutus, a word with you. (aside to BRUTUS) You know not what you do. Do not consent That Antony speak in his funeral. Know you how much the people may be moved By that which he will utter? BRUTUS (aside to CASSIUS) By your pardon. I will myself into the pulpit first, And show the reason of our Caesar’s death. What Antony shall speak, I will protest, He speaks by leave and by permission, And that we are contented Caesar shall Have all true rites and lawful ceremonies. It shall advantage more than do us wrong.
BRUTUS Without that proof, this would’ve been a savage action! Our reasons are so well considered that even if you, Antony, were Caesar’s son, you would be satisfied with them.
BRUTUS Mark Antony, here, take you Caesar’s body. You shall not in your funeral speech blame us, But speak all good you can devise of Caesar, And say you do ’t by our permission. Else shall you not have any hand at all About his funeral. And you shall speak In the same pulpit whereto I am going, After my speech is ended. ANTONY Be it so. I do desire no more. BRUTUS Prepare the body then, and follow us. Exeunt. Manet ANTONY ANTONY O, pardon me, thou bleeding piece of earth, That I am meek and gentle with these butchers! Thou art the ruins of the noblest man That ever livèd in the tide of times. Woe to the hand that shed this costly blood! Over thy wounds now do I prophesy— Which, like dumb mouths, do ope their ruby lips To beg the voice and utterance of my tongue— A curse shall light upon the limbs of men. Domestic fury and fierce civil strife Shall cumber all the parts of Italy. Blood and destruction shall be so in use, And dreadful objects so familiar, That mothers shall but smile when they behold Their infants quartered with the hands of war, All pity choked with custom of fell deeds, And Caesar’s spirit, ranging for revenge, With Ate by his side come hot from hell, Shall in these confines with a monarch’s voice Cry “Havoc!” and let slip the dogs of war, That this foul deed shall smell above the earth With carrion men, groaning for burial. Exeunt with CAESAR’s body
Original Text Enter BRUTUS and CASSIUS with the CITIZENS CITIZENS
Modern Text BRUTUS and CASSIUS enter with a throng of CITIZENS . CITIZENS
ANTONY That’s all I ask—and that you let me carry his body to the marketplace and, as a friend ought to do, stand on the platform and give a proper funeral oration.
BRUTUS You may, Mark Antony.
CASSIUS Brutus, may I have a word with you? (speaking so that only BRUTUS can hear) You don’t know what you’re doing. Don’t let Antony speak at his funeral. Don’t you know how much the people could be affected by what he says? BRUTUS (speaking so that only CASSIUS can hear) With your permission, I’ll stand on the platform first and explain the reason for Caesar’s death. What Antony says, I’ll announce, he says only by our permission and by our conviction that Caesar should be honored with all the usual and lawful ceremonies. It’ll help us more than hurt us. CASSIUS (speaking so that only BRUTUS can hear) I’m worried about the outcome of his speech. I don’t like this plan.
CASSIUS (aside to BRUTUS) I know not what may fall. I like it not.
Act 3, Scene 2
CASCA Hands, speak for me! CASCA and the other conspirators stab CAESAR. BRUTUS stabs him last. CAESAR And you too, Brutus? In that case, die, Caesar. (he dies) CINNA Liberty! Freedom! Tyranny is dead! Run and proclaim it in the streets. CASSIUS Some should go to the public platforms and cry out, “Liberty, freedom, and democracy!” BRUTUS But here comes Antony.—Welcome, Mark Antony. ANTONY Oh, mighty Caesar! Do you lie so low? Have all your conquests, glories, triumphs, achievements, come to so little? Farewell. Gentlemen, I don’t know what you intend to do, who else you intend to kill, who else you consider corrupt. If it’s me, there’s no time as good as this hour of Caesar’s death, and no weapon better than your swords, covered with the noblest blood in the world. I ask you, if you have a grudge against me, to kill me now, while your stained hands still reek of blood. I could live a thousand years and I wouldn’t be as ready to die as I am now. There’s no place I’d rather die than here by Caesar, and no manner of death would please me more than being stabbed by you, the masters of this new era. BRUTUS Oh, Antony, don’t beg us to kill you. Though we seem bloody and cruel right now, with our bloody hands and this deed we’ve done, you’ve only seen our hands and their bloody business; you haven’t looked into our hearts. They are full of pity for Caesar. But a stronger pity, for the wrongs committed against Rome, drove out our pity for Caesar, as fire drives out fire, and so we killed him. For you, our swords have blunt edges, too dull to harm you, Mark Antony. Our arms, which can be strong and cruel, and our hearts, filled with brotherly love, embrace you with kind love, good thoughts, and reverence. CASSIUS Your vote will be as strong as anyone’s in the reordering of the government.
CASCA and the other conspirators stab CAESAR,BRUTUS last
BRUTUS Mark Antony, take Caesar’s body. You will not blame us in your funeral speech, but will say all the good you want to about Caesar and that you do it by our permission. Otherwise, you’ll have no role at all in his funeral. And you’ll speak on the same platform as I do, after I’m done. ANTONY So be it. I don’t want anything more. BRUTUS Prepare the body, then, and follow us. Everyone except ANTONY exits.
ANTONY Oh, pardon me, you bleeding corpse, for speaking politely and acting mildly with these butchers! You are what’s left of the noblest man that ever lived. Pity the hand that shed this valuable blood. Over your wounds—which, like speechless mouths, open their red lips, as though to beg me to speak—I predict that a curse will fall upon the bodies of men. Fierce civil war will paralyze all of Italy. Blood and destruction will be so common and familiar that mothers will merely smile when their infants are cut to pieces by the hands of war. People’s capacity for sympathy will grow tired and weak from the sheer quantity of cruel deeds. And Caesar’s ghost, searching for revenge with the goddess Ate by his side, just up from Hell, will cry in the voice of a king, “Havoc!” and unleash the dogs of war. This foul deed will stink up to the sky with men’s corpses, which will beg to be buried.
They exit with CAESAR’s body.
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CITIZENS We will be satisfied! Let us be satisfied! BRUTUS Then follow me and give me audience, friends.
CITIZENS We want answers. Give us answers. BRUTUS Then follow me and listen to my speech, friends.
FIRST CITIZEN FIRST CITIZEN I will hear Brutus speak. I’ll listen to Brutus. Exit CASSIUS with some of CASSIUS exits with some of the CITIZENS.BRUTUS gets up on the CITIZENS BRUTUSgoes into the the platform. pulpit THIRD CITIZENS THIRD CITIZENS The noble Brutus is ascended. Quiet! Noble Brutus has mounted the platform. Silence! BRUTUS Be patient till the last. Romans, countrymen, and lovers! Hear me for my cause, and be silent that you BRUTUS may hear. Believe me for mine Be patient until I finish. Romans, countrymen, and friends! Listen honor, and have respect to mine to my reasons and be silent so you can hear. Believe me on my honor that you may believe. Censure honor and keep my honor in mind, so you may believe me. Be me in your wisdom, and awake your wise when you criticize me and keep your minds alert so you can senses that you may the better judge me fairly. If there’s anyone in this assembly, any dear friend judge. If there be any in this of Caesar’s, I say to him that my love for Caesar was no less than assembly, any dear friend of his. If, then, that friend demands to know why I rose up against Caesar’s, to him I say that Brutus' Caesar, this is my answer: it’s not that I loved Caesar less, but love to Caesar was no less than his. that I loved Rome more. If then that friend demand why Brutus rose against Caesar, this is my answer: not that I loved Caesar less, but that I loved Rome more. Had you rather Caesar were living and die all slaves, than that Caesar were dead, to live all free men? As Caesar loved me, I weep for him. As Would you rather that Caesar were living and we would all go to he was fortunate, I rejoice at it. As our graves as slaves, or that Caesar were dead and we all lived as he was valiant, I honor him. But, as free men? I weep for Caesar in that he was good to me. I rejoice he was ambitious, I slew him. There in his good fortune. I honor him for being brave. But his ambition— is tears for his love, joy for his for that, I killed him. There are tears for his love, joy for his fortune, honor for his valor, and fortune, honor for his bravery, and death for his ambition. Who death for his ambition. Who is here here is so low that he wants to be a slave? If there are any, speak, so base that would be a bondman? If for it is he whom I’ve offended. Who here is so barbarous that he any, speak—for him have I doesn’t want to be a Roman? If there are any, speak, for it is he offended. Who is here so rude that whom I’ve offended. Who here is so vile that he doesn’t love his would not be a Roman? If any, country? If there are any, speak, for it is he whom I have speak—for him have I offended. offended. I will pause for a reply. Who is here so vile that will not love his country? If any, speak—for him have I offended. I pause for a reply. ALL ALL None, Brutus, none. No one, Brutus, no one. BRUTUS Then none have I offended. I have done no more to Caesar than you BRUTUS shall do to Brutus. The question of Then I have offended no one. I’ve done no more to Caesar than his death is enrolled in the Capitol. you will do to me. The reasons for his death are recorded in the His glory not extenuated wherein he Capitol. His glory has not been diminished where he earned it, nor was worthy, nor his offenses have those offenses for which he was killed been exaggerated. enforced for which he suffered death. Enter Mark ANTONY with CAESAR’s ANTONY enters with CAESAR’s body. body Here comes his body, mourned by Mark Antony, who, though he had no hand in his death, shall receive the Here comes his body, mourned by Mark Antony, who, though he benefit of his dying—a place in the had no part in the killing, will benefit from his death—receiving a commonwealth—as which of you share in the commonwealth, as you all will. With these words I shall not? With this I depart: that, as leave. Just as I killed my best friend for the good of Rome, so will I slew my best lover for the good of I kill myself when my country requires my death. Rome, I have the same dagger for myself when it shall please my country to need my death. ALL ALL Live, Brutus! Live, live! Live, Brutus! Live, live! FIRST CITIZENS FIRST CITIZENS Bring him with triumph home unto Let’s carry him in triumph to his house! his house! SECOND CITIZENS SECOND CITIZENS Give him a statue with his Let’s build a statue of him, near those of his ancestors! ancestors! THIRD CITIZENS THIRD CITIZENS Let him be Caesar! Let him become Caesar! FOURTH CITIZENS FOURTH CITIZENS Caesar’s better parts Caesar’s better qualities exist in Brutus, and we will crown him. Shall be crowned in Brutus! FIRST CITIZENS FIRST CITIZENS We’ll bring him to his house with We’ll bring him to his house with shouts and celebration! shouts and clamors. BRUTUS BRUTUS My countrymen— My countrymen— SECOND CITIZENS SECOND CITIZENS Peace, silence! Brutus Silence! Brutus speaks. speaks. FIRST CITIZENS FIRST CITIZENS Peace, ho! Quiet there! BRUTUS Good countrymen, let me depart alone. And, for my sake, stay here with BRUTUS Antony. Good countrymen, let me leave alone. I want you to stay here with Do grace to Caesar’s corpse, and Antony to pay respects to Caesar’s corpse and listen to Antony’s grace his speech speech about Caesar’s glories, which he gives with our permission. Tending to Caesar’s glories, which I ask that none of you leave, except myself, until Antony has Mark Antony finished. By our permission is allowed to make. I do entreat you, not a man depart, Save I alone, till Antony have spoke. Exit BRUTUS BRUTUS exits. FIRST CITIZENS FIRST CITIZENS Stay, ho! And let us hear Mark Let’s stay and hear Mark Antony. Antony. THIRD CITIZENS THIRD CITIZENS Let him go up into the public chair. Let him mount the pulpit. We’ll listen to him. Noble Antony, mount We’ll hear him.—Noble Antony, go the podium. up. ANTONY ANTONY For Brutus' sake, I am beholding to For Brutus’s sake, I am indebted to you. you. (he steps up into the pulpit) (ascends the pulpit) FOURTH CITIZENS FOURTH CITIZENS What does he say of Brutus? What does he say about Brutus? THIRD CITIZENS THIRD CITIZENS He says for Brutus' sake He says that for Brutus’s sake he finds himself indebted to us all. He finds himself beholding to us all. FOURTH CITIZENS FOURTH CITIZENS 'Twere best he speak no harm of He’d better not speak badly of Brutus here. Brutus here. FIRST CITIZENS FIRST CITIZENS This Caesar was a tyrant. Caesar was a tyrant. THIRD CITIZENS Nay, that’s certain. THIRD CITIZENS We are blest that Rome is rid of That’s for sure. We’re lucky that Rome is rid of him. him. FOURTH CITIZENS SECOND CITIZENS Peace! Let us hear what Antony can Quiet! Let’s hear what Antony has to say. say. ANTONY ANTONY You gentle Romans— You gentle Romans— ALL ALL Peace, ho! Let us hear him. Quiet there! Let us hear him. ANTONY Friends, Romans, countrymen, lend me your ears. I come to bury Caesar, not to praise him. The evil that men do lives after them; The good is oft interrèd with their ANTONY bones. Friends, Romans, countrymen, give me your attention. I have So let it be with Caesar. The noble come here to bury Caesar, not to praise him. The evil that men do Brutus is remembered after their deaths, but the good is often buried with Hath told you Caesar was ambitious. them. It might as well be the same with Caesar. The noble Brutus If it were so, it was a grievous fault, told you that Caesar was ambitious. If that’s true, it’s a serious And grievously hath Caesar fault, and Caesar has paid seriously for it. With the permission of answered it. Brutus and the others—for Brutus is an honorable man; they are Here, under leave of Brutus and the all honorable men—I have come here to speak at Caesar’s funeral. rest— He was my friend, he was faithful and just to me. But Brutus says For Brutus is an honorable man; he was ambitious, and Brutus is an honorable man. He brought So are they all, all honorable men— many captives home to Rome whose ransoms brought wealth to Come I to speak in Caesar’s funeral. the city. He was my friend, faithful and just to me. But Brutus says he was ambitious, And Brutus is an honorable man. He hath brought many captives home to Rome Whose ransoms did the general coffers fill. Did this in Caesar seem ambitious? Is this the work of an ambitious man? When the When that the poor have cried, Caesar hath wept. poor cried, Caesar cried too. Ambition shouldn’t Ambition should be made of sterner stuff. be so soft. Yet Brutus says he was ambitious, Yet Brutus says he was ambitious, and Brutus is an honorable man. You all saw
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Yet Brutus says he was ambitious, And Brutus is an honorable man. You all did see that on the Lupercal I thrice presented him a kingly crown, Which he did thrice refuse. Was this ambition? Yet Brutus says he was ambitious, And, sure, he is an honorable man.
and Brutus is an honorable man. You all saw that on the Lupercal feast day I offered him a king’s crown three times, and he refused it three times. Was this ambition? Yet Brutus says he was ambitious. And, no question, Brutus is an honorable man. I am not here to disprove what Brutus has said, but to say what I know. You all
I speak not to disprove what Brutus spoke, But here I am to speak what I do know. You all did love him once, not without cause. What cause withholds you then to mourn for him? O judgment! Thou art fled to brutish beasts, And men have lost their reason. Bear with me. My heart is in the coffin there with Caesar, And I must pause till it come back to me. (weeps) FIRST CITIZENS Methinks there is much reason in his sayings. SECOND CITIZENS If thou consider rightly of the matter, Caesar has had great wrong. THIRD CITIZENS Has he, masters? I fear there will a worse come in his place.
loved him once, and not without reason. Then what reason holds you back from mourning him now? Men have become brutish beasts and lost their reason! Bear with me. My heart is in the coffin there with Caesar, and I must pause until it returns to me. (he weeps)
FOURTH CITIZENS Marked ye his words? He would not take the crown. Therefore ’tis certain he was not ambitious.
FIRST CITIZENS If it be found so, some will dear abide it.
SECOND CITIZENS Poor soul! His eyes are red as fire with weeping.
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THIRD CITIZENS There’s not a nobler man in Rome than Antony. FOURTH CITIZENS Now mark him. He begins again to speak. ANTONY But yesterday the word of Caesar might Have stood against the world. Now lies he there, And none so poor to do him reverence. O masters, if I were disposed to stir Your hearts and minds to mutiny and rage, I should do Brutus wrong, and Cassius wrong— Who, you all know, are honorable men. I will not do them wrong. I rather choose To wrong the dead, to wrong myself and you, Than I will wrong such honorable men. But here’s a parchment with the seal of Caesar. I found it in his closet. 'Tis his will. Let but the commons hear this testament— Which, pardon me, I do not mean to read— And they would go and kiss dead Caesar’s wounds And dip their napkins in his sacred blood, Yea, beg a hair of him for memory, And, dying, mention it within their wills, Bequeathing it as a rich legacy Unto their issue. FOURTH CITIZENS We’ll hear the will. Read it, Mark Antony! ALL The will, the will! We will hear Caesar’s will. ANTONY Have patience, gentle friends. I must not read it. It is not meet you know how Caesar loved you. You are not wood, you are not stones, but men. And, being men, bearing the will of Caesar, It will inflame you, it will make you mad. 'Tis good you know not that you are his heirs. For, if you should—Oh, what would come of it! FOURTH CITIZENS Read the will. We’ll hear it, Antony. You shall read us the will, Caesar’s will. ANTONY Will you be patient? Will you stay awhile? I have o'ershot myself to tell you of it. I fear I wrong the honorable men Whose daggers have stabbed Caesar. I do fear it. FOURTH CITIZENS They were traitors! “Honorable men”! ALL The will! The testament!
Descend. THIRD CITIZENS You shall have leave. ANTONY descends from the pulpit FOURTH CITIZENS A ring! Stand round.
SECOND CITIZENS Room for Antony, most noble Antony!
ANTONY Nay, press not so upon me. Stand far off.
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ANTONY Only yesterday the word of Caesar might have stood against the world. Now he lies there worth nothing, and no one is so humble as to show him respect. Oh, sirs, if I stirred your hearts and minds to mutiny and rage, I would offend Brutus and Cassius, who, you all know, are honorable men. I will not do them wrong. I would rather wrong the dead, and wrong myself and you, than wrong such honorable men. But here’s a paper with Caesar’s seal on it. I found it in his room—it’s his will. If you could only hear this testament—which, excuse me, I don’t intend to read aloud—you would kiss dead Caesar’s wounds and dip your handkerchiefs in his sacred blood, and beg for a lock of hair to remember him by. And when you died, you would mention the handkerchief or the hair in your will, bequeathing it to your heirs like a rich legacy.
FOURTH CITIZENS We want to hear the will. Read it, Mark Antony. ALL The will, the will! We want to hear Caesar’s will. ANTONY Be patient, gentle friends, I must not read it. It isn’t proper for you to know how much Caesar loved you. You aren’t wood, you aren’t stones— you’re men. And, being men, the contents of Caesar’s will would enrage you. It’s better that you don’t know you’re his heirs, for if you knew, just imagine what would come of it! FOURTH CITIZENS Read the will. We want to hear it, Antony. You have to read us the will, Caesar’s will. ANTONY Will you be patient? Will you wait awhile? I’ve said too much in telling you of it. I’m afraid that I wrong the honorable men whose daggers have stabbed Caesar. FOURTH CITIZENS They were traitors. “Honorable men!” ALL The will! The testament! SECOND CITIZENS SECOND CITIZENS They were villains, murderers. The will! Read They were villains, murderers. The will! Read the will! the will! ANTONY ANTONY You will compel me, then, to read the will? You force me to read the will, then? Then make Then make a ring about the corpse of Caesar, a circle around Caesar’s corpse, and let me And let me show you him that made the will. show you the man who made this will. Shall I Shall I descend? And will you give me leave? come down? Will you let me? ALL ALL Come down. Come down. SECOND CITIZENS SECOND CITIZENS
FIRST CITIZENS Stand from the hearse. Stand from the body.
FIRST CITIZENS I think there’s a lot of sense in what he says. SECOND CITIZENS If you think about it correctly, Caesar has suffered a great wrong. THIRD CITIZENS Has he, sirs? I’m worried there will be someone worse to replace him. FOURTH CITIZENS Did you hear Antony? Caesar wouldn’t take the crown. Therefore it’s certain that he wasn’t ambitious. FIRST CITIZENS If it turns out he wasn’t, certain people are going to get it. SECOND CITIZENS Poor man! Antony’s eyes are fiery red from crying. THIRD CITIZENS There isn’t a nobler man than Antony in all of Rome. FOURTH CITIZENS Now listen, he’s going to speak again.
ALL Stand back. Room! Bear back. ANTONY If you have tears, prepare to shed them now. You all do know this mantle. I remember The first time ever Caesar put it on. 'Twas on a summer’s evening in his tent, That day he overcame the Nervii. Look, in this place ran Cassius' dagger through. See what a rent the envious Casca made. Through this the wellbelovèd Brutus stabbed. And as he plucked his cursèd steel away, Mark how the blood of Caesar followed it, As rushing out of doors, to be resolved If Brutus so unkindly knocked, or no. For Brutus, as you know, was Caesar’s angel. Judge, O you gods, how dearly Caesar loved him! This was the most unkindest cut of all. For when the noble Caesar saw him stab, Ingratitude, more strong than traitors' arms, Quite vanquished him. Then burst his mighty heart, And, in his mantle muffling up his face, Even at the base of Pompey’s statue, Which all the while ran blood, great Caesar fell. O, what a fall was there, my countrymen! Then I, and you, and all of us fell down, Whilst bloody treason flourished over us. Oh, now you weep, and, I perceive, you feel The dint of pity. These are gracious drops. Kind souls, what, weep you when you but behold Our Caesar’s vesture wounded? Look you here, Here is himself, marred, as you see, with traitors. (lifts up CAESAR's mantle) FIRST CITIZENS O piteous spectacle! SECOND CITIZENS O noble Caesar! THIRD CITIZENS O woeful day! FOURTH CITIZENS O traitors, villains! FIRST CITIZENS O most bloody sight! SECOND CITIZENS We will be revenged. ALL Revenge! About! Seek! Burn! Fire! Kill! Slay! Let not a traitor live! ANTONY Stay, countrymen. FIRST CITIZENS Peace there! Hear the noble Antony. SECOND CITIZENS We’ll hear him. We’ll follow him. We’ll die with him. ANTONY Good friends, sweet friends! Let me not stir you up To such a sudden flood of mutiny. They that have done this deed are honorable. What private griefs they have, alas, I know not, That made them do it. They are wise and honorable, And will, no doubt, with reasons answer you. I come not, friends, to steal away your hearts. I am no orator, as Brutus is, But, as you know me all, a plain blunt man
Descend. THIRD CITIZENS We’ll let you. ANTONY descends from the pulpit. FOURTH CITIZENS Make a circle; stand around him. FIRST CITIZENS Stand away from the hearse. Stand away from the body. SECOND CITIZENS Make room for Antony, most noble Antony! ANTONY No, don’t press up against me. Stand further away. ALL Stand back. Give him room. ANTONY If you have tears, prepare to shed them now. You all know this cloak. I remember the first time Caesar ever put it on. It was a summer’s evening; he was in his tent. It was the day he overcame the Nervii warriors. Look, here’s where Cassius’s dagger pierced it. See the wound that Casca made. Through this hole beloved Brutus stabbed. And when he pulled out his cursed dagger, see how Caesar’s blood came with it, as if rushing out a door to see if it was really Brutus who was knocking so rudely. For Brutus, as you know, was Caesar’s angel. The gods know how dearly Caesar loved him! This was the most unkind cut of all. For when the noble Caesar saw him stab, he understood his beloved Brutus’s ingratitude; it was stronger than the violence of traitors, and it defeated him, bursting his mighty heart. And at the base of Pompey’s statue, with his cloak covering his face, which was dripping with blood the whole time, great Caesar fell. Oh, what a fall it was, my countrymen! Then you and I and all of us fell down, while bloody treason triumphed. Oh, now you weep, and I sense that you feel pity. These are gracious tears. But if it overwhelms you to look at Caesar’s wounded cloak, how will you feel, kind men, now? Look at this, here is the man—scarred, as you can see, by traitors. (he lifts upCAESAR's cloak) FIRST CITIZENS Oh, what a sad sight! SECOND CITIZENS Oh, noble Caesar! THIRD CITIZENS Oh, sad day! FOURTH CITIZENS Oh, traitors, villains! FIRST CITIZENS Oh, most bloody sight! SECOND CITIZENS We will get revenge. ALL Revenge! Let’s go after them! Seek! Burn! Set fire! Kill! Slay! Leave no traitors alive! ANTONY Wait, countrymen. FIRST CITIZENS Quiet there! Listen to the noble Antony. SECOND CITIZENS We’ll listen to him, we’ll follow him, we’ll die with him. ANTONY Good friends, sweet friends, don’t let me stir you up to such a sudden mutiny. Those who have done this deed are honorable. I don’t know what private grudges they had that made them do it. They’re wise and honorable, and will no doubt give you reasons for it. I haven’t come to steal your loyalty, friends. I’m no orator, as Brutus is. I’m only, as you know, a plain, blunt man who loved his friend, and the men who let
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But, as you know me all, a plain blunt man That love my friend. And that they know full well That gave me public leave to speak of him. For I have neither wit nor words nor worth, Action nor utterance nor the power of speech, To stir men’s blood. I only speak right on. I tell you that which you yourselves do know, Show you sweet Caesar’s wounds, poor poor dumb
man who loved his friend, and the men who let me speak know this well. I have neither cleverness nor rhetorical skill nor the authority nor gesture nor eloquence nor the power of speech to stir men up. I just speak directly. I tell you what you already know. I show you sweet Caesar’s wounds—poor, speechless mouths!— and make them speak for me. But if I were
mouths, And bid them speak for me. But were I Brutus, And Brutus Antony, there were an Antony Would ruffle up your spirits and put a tongue In every wound of Caesar that should move The stones of Rome to rise and mutiny. ALL We’ll mutiny. FIRST CITIZENS We’ll burn the house of Brutus. THIRD CITIZENS Away, then! Come, seek the conspirators. ANTONY Yet hear me, countrymen. Yet hear me speak.
Brutus and Brutus were me, then I’d stir you up, and install in each of Caesar’s wounds the kind of voice that could convince even stones to rise up and mutiny.
ALL Peace, ho! Hear Antony. Most noble Antony!
ANTONY Why, friends, you go to do you know not what. Wherein hath Caesar thus deserved your loves? Alas, you know not. I must tell you then. You have forgot the will I told you of. ALL Most true. The will! Let’s stay and hear the will. ANTONY Here is the will, and under Caesar’s seal To every Roman citizen he gives— To every several man—seventyfive drachmas. SECOND CITIZENS Most noble Caesar! We’ll revenge his death. THIRD CITIZENS O royal Caesar! ANTONY Hear me with patience. ALL Peace, ho!
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ANTONY Moreover, he hath left you all his walks, His private arbors and newplanted orchards, On this side Tiber. He hath left them you And to your heirs forever—common pleasures, To walk abroad and recreate yourselves. Here was a Caesar! When comes such another?
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FIRST CITIZENS Never, never.—Come, away, away! We’ll burn his body in the holy place, And with the brands fire the traitors' houses. Take up the body. SECOND CITIZENS Go fetch fire. THIRD CITIZENS Pluck down benches. FOURTH CITIZENS Pluck down forms, windows, anything. Exeunt CITIZENS with CAESAR’s body ANTONY 250 Now let it work. Mischief, thou art afoot. Take thou what course thou wilt! Exeunt 245
ALL We’ll mutiny. FIRST CITIZENS We’ll burn Brutus’s house. THIRD CITIZENS Let’s go, then! Come, find the conspirators! ANTONY Wait, and listen to me, countrymen. ALL Quiet! Wait! Listen to Antony. Most noble Antony! ANTONY Why, friends, you don’t even know what you’re doing yet. What has Caesar done to deserve your love? Alas, you don’t know. I must tell you then. You’ve forgotten the will I told you about. ALL Yes! The will! Let’s stay and hear the will! ANTONY Here’s the will, written under Caesar’s seal. To every Roman citizen he gives—to every individual man—seventyfive drachmas. SECOND CITIZENS Most noble Caesar! We’ll revenge his death. THIRD CITIZENS Oh, royal Caesar! ANTONY Listen to me patiently. ALL Quiet, there! ANTONY Also, he’s left you all his walkways—in his private gardens and newly planted orchards—on this side of the Tiber River. He’s left them to you and to your heirs forever—public pleasures in which you will be able to stroll and relax. Here was a Caesar! When will there be another like him? FIRST CITIZENS Never, never. Let’s go! We’ll burn his body in the holy place and use the brands to set the traitors' houses on fire. Take up the body. SECOND CITIZENS We’ll start a fire. THIRD CITIZENS We’ll use benches for wood— FOURTH CITIZENS And windowsills, anything. Citizens exit with CAESAR’s body. ANTONY Now, let it work. Trouble, you have begun—take whatever course you choose! They exit.
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VIIIMaths
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